第一篇：個人職業(yè)規(guī)劃 (商英專業(yè))

個人職業(yè)規(guī)劃

（商英專業(yè)）

職業(yè)方向：一名優(yōu)秀英語教師

總體目標(biāo)：

2012年完成自考本科的學(xué)習(xí)，拿到本科畢業(yè)證。申報(bào)教師資格證，力爭在2012年拿到教師資格證。

已進(jìn)行的情況：

目前還有四門科目的自學(xué)考試，正在準(zhǔn)備教師資格證筆試。

一、具體職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃：

根據(jù)自己的興趣和所學(xué)專業(yè)，在未來應(yīng)該會向英語教育方面發(fā)展。圍繞這兩個方面。本人特對未來五十年作初步職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃如下：

1、2011-2013年事業(yè)起步期：繼續(xù)考完未完成的學(xué)歷證書及技能證書。經(jīng)過不斷努力嘗試。初步確定自己合適自己發(fā)展的工作環(huán)境，崗位。明確自我發(fā)展目標(biāo)，實(shí)現(xiàn)角色轉(zhuǎn)變。明確作為教師的基本要求和發(fā)展方向，樹立正確的價值觀和責(zé)任意識。同時盡快適應(yīng)工作環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)從學(xué)生到教師的角色轉(zhuǎn)變。

加強(qiáng)理論學(xué)習(xí)，提高自己的政治思想素質(zhì)，積極參加各級各類的師德教育實(shí)踐活動，主動向老教師學(xué)習(xí)，向同行教師學(xué)習(xí)，在實(shí)踐中提高自己的師德表現(xiàn)，樹立扎實(shí)的工作作風(fēng)。先可以在培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)謀得一份培訓(xùn)師的職業(yè)。

2、2013-2015年，熟悉適應(yīng)期：積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，形成自己的個性教學(xué)風(fēng)格，總結(jié)自己的教學(xué)理論，看是否能勝任更高級別的教職工作者。加強(qiáng)教育技能培養(yǎng)，提高班級管理能力，強(qiáng)化自我修煉，在教授不同類型的學(xué)生之后，學(xué)科課堂技能是立足講臺的關(guān)鍵，這就需要我們向成為研究型教師方向努力，要善于在教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、1

分析問題，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)以指導(dǎo)教育教學(xué)實(shí)踐活動，使提高教育教學(xué)質(zhì)量的得到最優(yōu)化，切實(shí)打造“效率課堂”。

在教育技能基本熟練的基礎(chǔ)上，積極參與班級管理工作，提高班級管理能力。要給學(xué)生一桶水，自己必須要有一池水，也許一池水也是不夠的，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生對知識渴望是永無止境的。對于始終站在流行時尚前沿的設(shè)計(jì)來說，始終需要教師保持對時尚新動向的敏感度和掌握度。在扎實(shí)的學(xué)術(shù)根底與理論底蘊(yùn)之上，我覺得不斷加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)、進(jìn)修，始終將專業(yè)化水平與時代接軌是十分迫切和必要的。

3．2015-2021年穩(wěn)步發(fā)展期在自己的崗位上，踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，擁有一個完美的家庭。教學(xué)相長，教研并進(jìn)，形成初步自我教學(xué)特色。能基本熟練地教育教學(xué)技能，有一定的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和反思能力，并能在反思的過程中不斷調(diào)整自己的教學(xué)行為，在教育教學(xué)過程中初步形成自己的特色。

時刻關(guān)注教育界的最新動向，通過各種信息傳播手段廣泛獲取現(xiàn)代教育教學(xué)信息和教育教學(xué)改革經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)教育理論學(xué)習(xí)，為成為研究教師打下基礎(chǔ)。

二、具體實(shí)施方案

1.牢記教師使命，樹立兩種意識

時刻牢記教師的神圣使命，始終尊重學(xué)生的自由發(fā)展。將教育作為幸福人生的一個支柱，幫助學(xué)生們理解幸福、創(chuàng)造幸福，這是作為教師最本源最重要的目的。

選擇了教師這一職業(yè)，就需要懂得追求學(xué)生的成功才是自己人生成功，所以就需要樹立奉獻(xiàn)意識和責(zé)任意識，啟迪學(xué)生的智慧，塑造學(xué)生的心靈。

2．樹立終身學(xué)習(xí)的觀念

通過學(xué)習(xí)提升師德修養(yǎng)，豐富知識結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)理論底蘊(yùn)。多聽老教師和同行的課，積極向同教研組前輩取經(jīng)，吸取他人的長處，不斷提高教學(xué)能力，努力使自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量達(dá)到優(yōu)良的水平。

三．社會壞境和職業(yè)分析

1、行業(yè)分析：教育事業(yè)在國家發(fā)展中起至關(guān)重要的作用，它的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)是積極向上的，可以說是屬于永遠(yuǎn)的“朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)”，我選擇教

育業(yè)作為自己的終身職業(yè)，也是考慮到了它的社會地位和發(fā)展前景的?？平膛d國一直是我國的基本方針，教育要從娃娃抓起。

2、職業(yè)分析：教師這個職業(yè)工作環(huán)境單純，對教師本身的專業(yè)技能要求較高，社會地位和待遇都相對較好。唯一存在的問題是，當(dāng)前大部分高校的教師人數(shù)已經(jīng)飽和，可提供的工作崗位較少，這就要求應(yīng)聘者必須具備更為突出的條件。而幼師這個職位相對有較大缺口，具有競爭優(yōu)勢。

3、企業(yè)分析：學(xué)校是培養(yǎng)人才的搖籃，具有相對文明的氛圍，可以提高自己的修學(xué)品性，教學(xué)相長。

4、地域分析：之所以選擇湖南，首先是因?yàn)樗俏业募亦l(xiāng)，又是女生，在湖南工作離父母比較近，便于照應(yīng)。其次是因?yàn)樵谌A南一帶，湖南的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化各方面發(fā)展都是比較突出的，與大城市相比，它的競爭相對較弱。第三個原因是我有相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)都在長沙工作或?qū)W習(xí)，有利于今后相互幫助。

四、個人分析

1.個人特質(zhì)我的個性比較溫和，細(xì)心且有耐心，責(zé)任心也較強(qiáng)，與同學(xué)關(guān)系相處融洽。但是，我選擇教師這個職業(yè)，從一定意義上講，也是希望可以鍛煉自己與他人，尤其是與不同的學(xué)生交流的能力。我本人對心理學(xué)有一定的興趣，教書育人應(yīng)該根據(jù)心理學(xué)的理論來安排授課以及根據(jù)不同年齡的心智發(fā)展水平來實(shí)施教學(xué)。

2.勝任能力我從小就羨慕老師這份職業(yè)，也一直想從事這份職業(yè)，而且我認(rèn)為教師是一個比較適合我的工作，工作環(huán)境相對單純。同時，可能是當(dāng)了太多年學(xué)生的緣故，我特別喜歡學(xué)校濃厚的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍，我認(rèn)為處在一群求學(xué)的學(xué)生當(dāng)中，可以保持一種進(jìn)取的心態(tài)，積極向上的精神面貌，有時間，有能力，也有優(yōu)勢進(jìn)一步豐富自己，充實(shí)自己。同時，我的專業(yè)知識較為扎實(shí)，尤其口語發(fā)音較為純正，口語發(fā)音在幼兒時期就應(yīng)該重視，一旦非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的口音形成，日后再改就十分麻煩。此外，我覺得自己也較有親和力，喜歡小孩子，能帶動小朋友積極投身于課堂。

3.職業(yè)能力我相信通過大學(xué)三年的?？平逃脱芯可A段的學(xué)習(xí)，在英語專業(yè)方面，我的能力會得到極大的提高，我今后學(xué)習(xí)的主要方向是翻譯實(shí)踐方向。在專業(yè)方面，我已經(jīng)參加了劍橋商務(wù)英

語考試，成績尚未出來，不過自我感覺不錯。所以在英文方面我一具備一定的能力，通過今后幾年的學(xué)習(xí)，一定會有更大的進(jìn)步。職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃之職業(yè)傾向分析

4.適合的崗位性質(zhì)工作環(huán)境穩(wěn)定，不需要太多的冒險和變動，最好依照經(jīng)驗(yàn)和規(guī)律解決事情 有較多的獨(dú)立工作時間，可以專心的完成整個項(xiàng)目或任務(wù) 較多使用事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和運(yùn)用實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的技術(shù)性工作，能夠充分發(fā)揮自己精細(xì)、準(zhǔn)確、邏輯性強(qiáng)的才能

5.興趣愛好唱歌，健身，寫作

6.優(yōu)點(diǎn)認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，耐心仔細(xì)，考慮問題周全。勤奮刻苦，積極上進(jìn)，樂于助人，喜歡且擅長與人打交道。具有冒險敢闖的精神。

7.缺點(diǎn)缺乏社會經(jīng)驗(yàn)，做事不夠果斷，猶疑不定。

8.解決自我盤點(diǎn)的劣勢和缺點(diǎn)所謂江山易改，本性難移，雖然恒心不夠，但可憑借那份積極向上的熱情鞭策自己，久而久之，就會慢慢培養(yǎng)起來，充分利用一直關(guān)心支持我的龐大親友團(tuán)的優(yōu)勢，真心向同學(xué)、老師、朋友請教，及時指出自存存在的各種不同并制定出相應(yīng)計(jì)劃以針對改正。比如我會培養(yǎng)自己的特長，努力豐富自己的內(nèi)在修養(yǎng)與外在氣質(zhì)，做一個自信漂亮的人。

9.家庭環(huán)境分析父母都是普通的工人，沒有很廣的社會關(guān)系，父母對自己的擇學(xué)擇業(yè)沒有過多的干預(yù)，自身的發(fā)展面比較廣，自己的其他基礎(chǔ)自然科學(xué)與人文科學(xué)知識都相對完善。

四、本人對于職業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的看法

1．職業(yè)規(guī)劃肯定要有，但是我覺得職業(yè)規(guī)劃不可能現(xiàn)在就完全定下來。這是因?yàn)?，不僅周圍的壞境隨時在變，而且自己的思想的不斷成熟和能力的不斷提高而發(fā)生變化。我想做一名教師，但是對于現(xiàn)在的學(xué)歷和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我可能是紙上談兵。

2．雖然可能沒有成型的職業(yè)規(guī)劃，但是我覺得每個階段都要有前進(jìn)反方向和短期目標(biāo)，比如這段時間來你好英語聽力到什么水平，我要朝著什么方向努力等。沒有短期目標(biāo)和方向，那就容易虛度光陰。

3．因?yàn)槲沂莿偖厴I(yè)的大學(xué)生，所以想聽一些別人策劃你策劃你成功的案例，了解為什么別人能取得成功。雖然每個人走的路不相同，但是我想有寫成功的共同點(diǎn)是相同的。我作為一名畢業(yè)生，可以從中學(xué)到一輩子受益的美德和觀點(diǎn)。

規(guī)劃人：張雅丹

2011年12月7日

第二篇：商英專業(yè)畢業(yè)生自我評價

回顧大學(xué)四年，通過良師的教導(dǎo)和自身的刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，我已初步掌握如何運(yùn)用英語知識進(jìn)行一般商務(wù)活動，也養(yǎng)成了認(rèn)真對待學(xué)習(xí)和工作的好習(xí)慣!在大學(xué)四年里我積累了充分的文化知識，社會實(shí)踐能力有了提高，也讓我在心理上有了質(zhì)的飛躍。在大學(xué)期間，我認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)揮自己的特長，挖掘自身的潛力，從而提高了自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力和分析處理問題的能力，也獲得大家的認(rèn)同。另外，我也積極參加各種社會實(shí)踐活動。工欲善其事，必先利其器。

在求學(xué)期間，學(xué)而知不足是我學(xué)習(xí)、工作取得進(jìn)步的動力。除了必修課程外我還自學(xué)photoshop、flash、dreamweaver等軟件，并制作了自己的個人站點(diǎn)。努力積累文化知識，為實(shí)踐做最充分的準(zhǔn)備。每一門課程我都認(rèn)真對待。因?yàn)閷W(xué)的是商務(wù)英語專業(yè)，所以在注重英語的聽，說，讀，寫，譯能力提高的同時學(xué)習(xí)商務(wù)貿(mào)易的原理和模擬操作。

在英語學(xué)習(xí)上，我堅(jiān)持閱讀英文報(bào)刊，提高自己的科普知識和閱讀能力。在學(xué)習(xí)上，我完成了本專業(yè)課程。對office辦公軟件能熟練操作。平時我還涉獵了文學(xué)、營銷等課外知識。相信在以后理論與實(shí)際結(jié)合當(dāng)中，能有更大提高!四年的大學(xué)生活，使自己的知識水平、思想境界、工作能力等方面都邁上了一個新的臺階。

在這即將揮手告別美好大學(xué)生活、踏上社會征途的時候，我整軍待發(fā)，將以飽滿的熱情、堅(jiān)定的信心、高度的責(zé)任感去迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)，攀登新的高峰。

第三篇：護(hù)理專業(yè)個人職業(yè)規(guī)劃

護(hù)理專業(yè)個人職業(yè)規(guī)劃

一、前言

在今天這個人才競爭的時代，職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃開始成為在人爭奪戰(zhàn)中的另一重要利器。對各家醫(yī)院而言，如何體現(xiàn)醫(yī)院“以人為本”的人才理念，關(guān)注員工的人才理念，關(guān)注員工的持續(xù)成長，職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃是一種有效的手段；而對于每個人醫(yī)護(hù)工作者而言，職業(yè)生命是有限的，如果不進(jìn)行有效的規(guī)劃，勢必會造成生命和時間的浪費(fèi)。作為當(dāng)代大學(xué)生，尤其是作為當(dāng)代的醫(yī)學(xué)生，若是帶著一臉茫然，踏入這個擁擠的社會，怎能對得起我們的醫(yī)學(xué)誓言，又承擔(dān)得起治病救人的重任。因此，我試著為自己擬定一份職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃，將自己的未來好好的設(shè)計(jì)一下，有了目標(biāo)才有動力。

二、自我評價

我是一個當(dāng)代本科護(hù)理學(xué)生，家里最大的希望是成為有用之才，平時喜歡外出散步、聊天，還有上網(wǎng)。喜歡看小說、散文，尤其愛看雜志類的書籍，平時與人友好相處群眾基礎(chǔ)較好，親人、朋友、教師關(guān)愛，做事認(rèn)真、投入，但缺乏毅力、恒心，不愛運(yùn)動，有時學(xué)習(xí)是“三天打漁，兩天曬網(wǎng)”，有時多愁善感，沒有成大器的氣質(zhì)和個性。但是有時自信不足，常

常害怕別人在背后做評論。

所幸的是，有一句老話“江山易改，本性難移”，雖然恒心不夠，但可憑借那份積極向上的熱情鞭策自己，久而久之，就會慢慢培養(yǎng)起來，充分利用一直關(guān)心支持我的親人、朋友的優(yōu)勢，真心向同學(xué)、老師、朋友請教，及時指出自身存在的各種不足并制定出相應(yīng)計(jì)劃以針

對改正。經(jīng)常鍛煉，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，為今后所從事的護(hù)理事業(yè)打好身體基礎(chǔ)。

三、內(nèi)外環(huán)境分析

當(dāng)今社會，醫(yī)院都是以科技為先導(dǎo)、以人才為基礎(chǔ)、以療效為根本、以服務(wù)求生存醫(yī)院聚集一批精萃的醫(yī)學(xué)人才，醫(yī)院中有護(hù)理組織發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、護(hù)理人力資源需求、組織護(hù)理隊(duì)伍的群體結(jié)構(gòu)、組織護(hù)理人員的升遷政策等等。作為新世紀(jì)的護(hù)理人員，應(yīng)該要有扎實(shí)的知識基礎(chǔ)和熟練精湛的操作技能，要有嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的工作態(tài)度，積極向上的工作精神，努力做好每一項(xiàng)事情。然后綜合自身的各種因素綜合評價，確定適合自己發(fā)展的機(jī)遇與空間環(huán)境，準(zhǔn)確

把握自己的奮斗目標(biāo)。

四、未來人生職業(yè)規(guī)劃目標(biāo)與行動計(jì)劃

根據(jù)自己所學(xué)專業(yè)，在未來應(yīng)該會向護(hù)理事業(yè)發(fā)展。圍繞這方面，本人特對未來十年作

初步規(guī)劃如下：

1、2008-2009年學(xué)業(yè)有成期：充分利用校園環(huán)境及條件優(yōu)勢，認(rèn)真學(xué)好專業(yè)知識，培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活能力，全面提高個人綜合素質(zhì)，并作為就業(yè)準(zhǔn)備。（具體規(guī)劃見后）。

2、2009-2012年，熟悉適應(yīng)期：利用3年左右的時間，經(jīng)過不斷的嘗試努力，初步

找到合適自身發(fā)展的工作環(huán)境、崗位。

主要完成內(nèi)容：

（1）學(xué)歷、知識結(jié)構(gòu)：提升自身學(xué)歷層次，專業(yè)技能熟練。英語四、六級爭取考好，開始接觸和熟悉工作環(huán)境。

個人發(fā)展、人際關(guān)系：在這一期間，主要做好職業(yè)生涯的基礎(chǔ)工作，加強(qiáng)溝通，虛心求

教醫(yī)學(xué)教育|網(wǎng)整理搜集。

（3）生活習(xí)慣、興趣愛好：適當(dāng)交際的環(huán)境下，盡量形成比較有規(guī)律的良好個人習(xí)慣，并參加健身運(yùn)動，如跑步、打羽毛球等。

3、2012-2017年，在自己的工作崗位上，踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量。

五、調(diào)整與評估

計(jì)劃固然好，但更重要的，在于其具體實(shí)踐并取得成效。任何目標(biāo)，只說不做到頭來都會是一場空。然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)是未知多變的，定出的目標(biāo)計(jì)劃隨時都可能遭遇問題，要求有清醒的頭腦。其實(shí)每一個人都有理想、信念、追求、抱負(fù)；若要獲得成功，必須拿出勇氣，付出努力、拼搏、奮斗。成功，不相信眼淚；成功，不相信頹廢；成功不相信幻影，未來，要靠

自己去打拼。

第四篇：商英演講稿

開場白

Good morning everyone，Thank you for giving me the opportunity to present you the latest model product.First let me introduce ourteam’ members 介紹人~~~Well I will not tell you what products we want to introduce，But I will play a video then you can guess what product we want to introduceOK?（視頻放完后，提問）The video is over ,according the video, can you get the answer about what product we want to introduce ?(答對)You can see the clothes swim in the water as the fish,that has proved our company ’ slatest model of washer HWF5300AW can make the clothes more supple and it ‘s always the best seller of this kind.（錯）It doesn’t matter,just have a try.Yeah Washing machine.More accurately，This is our latest model of the washer Haier Front –Load Washer.HWF5300AW and it ‘s always the best seller of this kind.As we all know , Washing machines play an important role in our daily life ,especially for the lazy.As for me,I hate washing clothes very much,so washing machine become a good helper for me.Moreover With the help of the washer , we do not spend too much time on washing ,and we can protect our hands from being hurt.In a word，washing machine is very useful.介紹主要的內(nèi)容

This is a catalog.You can see that my presentation will be divided into six parts.Including Introduction，Why Haier，Energy star，F(xiàn)ront-Load，Product Details，Technology.Next , I will explain to you one by one.OKLet’s begin.介紹產(chǎn)品

Firstly , let’s watch a video to know more about the latest model of washer HWF5300AW.Well , the video is over ,and I am sure you have a clear understanding of the product.Now let’s into the next phase.? Maybe you will ask Why Haier, well , on the one hand Haier is the number one laundry brand in the world..On the other

hand we are committed to providing customers with sensible options that empower them to live a modern and affordable lifestyle.however, Haier focuses on making the laundry experience better than ever before.That’s why Haier offers more options to meet individual laundry needs.? Do you know why the Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW is called Energy Star ?

If you don’t know, never mind, let me tell you.Now please listen to me carefully ,there are five reasons

1.Energy Saver(At Haier , we are dedicated to meeting customer needs through practical innovation for a smarter life and a

better planet)

2.Eco-Friendly(Haier laundry systems are developed with the environment in mind.From water use energy saving

options，we look to reduce water cousumption and energy use，which cuts down on utility bills

3.Green Wash Cycle(Designed to save up to 80﹪ more energy over standard washers without sacrificing

cleaning performance)

4.Energy Star @ Qualified(Energy star qualified clothes washers use over 50﹪ less water and about 37

﹪ less energy than standard top-load washers.5.High Efficiency(HE)(HE detergents are formulate to create less suds and disperse quickly in the rinse

cycle，so they word best with the front load′s dynamic wash action.The 1300 RPM spin speed extracts more water than traditional washers and reduces time in the dryer.Next Front-Load is one of the features ofthe Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW

Compared with others ,Front-Load High-Efficiency washers use less water and energy than traditional Top-Load models.Multiple settings make it so younever waste water or energy on smaller loads.And This is one of the keys for its1

popularity(這就是它這么受歡迎的關(guān)鍵之一)

? If you look at the screen behind me showing a picture of the HWF5300AW and the animation of the

functions , you will see that the washer is white and It ‘ s Width is 125 cm , it ‘ s length 132 cm , and it ‘ s depth is 174cm.OK, now let me move to the next point , the Product Detials（產(chǎn)品具體情況）

The corrosion（腐蝕，鐵銹）resistant（抵抗，防腐劑）stainless（不銹的）steel（鋼鐵）washtub（洗衣盆）uses a tumbling（滾筒）action that is gentler（溫和）on your clothes and requires far less water than traditional top-loading agitator（攪拌器）washers.An electronic touch sensitive（靈敏的）control pad makes for incredible（難以置信）ease（舒適）of use and style.Haier’s 5300 series Front-Load Washer is the end to your search for an efficient and eco-friendly washer.? Finally , I want to talk about the Technology of the Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW

There are seven points of advantages in the Technology

1.More Options(Haier′s Front-load washer can handle any load from delicate to heavily-stained clothes.The washer is custom programmable for up to 10 combinations of cycles , settings , and options for easy access to your favorite wash programs.2.AutomaticTemperature control(Measures and releases the prefect proportion of hot and cold water

achieve the ideal temperature for any cycle you choose , from extra hot sanitizing wash to energy saving tap cold.3.Sanitary cycle(The internal water heater revs up to this extra hot wash for disinfecting items you

need as germ-free as possible.4.Easy touch controls(Selection are clearly displayed in LED indicator lights on a touch-sensitive

control pad

5.Stainless steel drums(A corrosion-resistant , stainless steel wash basket provides a durable

surface that won′t chip from dropped coins or keys and extra gentle on delicate fabrics.6.Suspension system(The counteractive force ofHaier ′s extra strong suspension design keeps heavy loads

balanced to prevent the wash drum from hitting the inside of unit.It works as a shock absorber , controls tension , and lessens vibration for a quieter wash.7.5 compartment dispenser(Choose from liquid or powder detergent for pre-wash and main , as well

as liquid bleach or liquid optimum wash.That is all.And I hope you can have a clearer picture of the new model---.Haier Front –Load Washer HWF5300AW I am also sure that you now share my enthusiasm for the product and hopefully you will be 100% behind this model.Thank you for your time and attention..

第五篇：商英問答

U5

1.Four criteria for making investment decisions income growthsafetyliquidity

2.Structure of Financial Markets Primary MarketSecondary Market Organized Securities Exchanges

Over-the-Counter Markets

3.The Investment Portfolio

A major concern is diversification.One way to diversify is by investing in securities from

unrelated industriesAnother way is by investing in securities from other

．

countrieswith higher returns from faster，which can balance lower returns in one country

—growing areas． Unit6

1.what are the relationship between the world and the volume of international tradeSlower world economic output slows the volume of？

international trade2.why international trade take place?，and higher output spurs greater trade.（trade?Why it is costly for a country to engage in international Competition from abroad）

Asset movement

Exchange rate fluctuation

Risks(Political, economic, …)3.please illustrate the economic benefits that international

trade brings to people.to engage in international trade?（Why it is beneficial for a country Opens doors to new entrepreneurial opportunity）

Provides a greater choice of goods andAn important engine for job creation 4.how does Ricardo

services differ from the theory of absolute advantage?

’s theory of comparative advantage A person has an absolute advantage over another if that person

A person has a comparative advantage over another if that personthan the other person’5.why certain nations specialize in producing products or ’s opportunity cost（比較機(jī)會成本）commodities?

6.why were Leontief paradoxical?

‘s empirical results considered to be Factor proportion theory considers a countryfactors to be homogeneous 7.will you name some international business methods? –particularly labor.’s production What are their main advantages?

International trade(a relatively conservative approach to penetrate markets, or to obtain supplies at a low cost.minimal risk), licensing(Helps the home firm since it does not have to set up

a complete production and distribution network.), franchising ,joint ventures(Can improve the image, risks.Access to important local information without the costshare costs and of buying a company), acquisitions of existing operation, establishing new foreign

subsidiaries.8.How did countries implement mercantilism? ? It asserts that it is in a country’s best

interest to maintain a trade surplus, to ? export more than it imports.It advocates government intervention to

achieve a surplus in the balance of trade.?Tariffs It acquired less-developed territories to

Quotas

serve as sources of inexpensive raw

materials and as market for higher—

finished goods

priced 9.Factor proportions can be impacted by

1.2.3.trade barriershuman resource natural resources

10.Licensing costs much lesser in terms of the initial investment and ongoing charges.A franchising business may require you to pay royalty every time a profit is made, a licensing opportunity does not demand such an expense.11.Joint Ventures? Can improve the image,and risks

share costs

? Access to important local information

without the cost of buying a company

? Need to share control with the local

12.Acquisitions of Existing Operations partners

? full control over their foreign businesses

and to quickly obtain a large portion offoreign market share

??

investment and operation risks partial international acquisitions are13.Establishing New Foreign Subsidiaries safer than full international acquisitions

? Operations can be adjusted exactly to

?? satisfy the firm’s needs

Less investment amount reap the rewards after a comparatively

long time

Unit7

1.what are the arguments of the governments to intervene international trade?

Protecting jobs, preserving national security, responding to other nationInfant industry argument, protection of national identity.s’ unfair trade practice.2.what are the government policies that may enhance trade?

Subsidies 3.what are the major methods used by the governments to,exporting financing , foreign trade zones.restrict international trade?

Tariff content requirements, currency controls.non-tariff barriers such as quotas, embargoes, local 4.what are purpose of the governments to levy tariffs upon goods imported or exported?

Tariffs are a way of protecting domestic producers of a product.Tariffs are a source of government revenue.5.what round of negotiation?

achievements did GATT make in the Uruguay Further reduce barriers to merchandise trade, the negotiations modified the original GATT treaty in several important ways.Agreements on services, intellectual property , and agricultural subsidies were achieved.6.what are the main goals of To help the free flow of trade , to help negotiate furtherWTO?

opening of markets, and to settle trade disputes between its members.7.Methods of Promoting Trade

Subsidies

Export FinancingForeign Trade Zones Unit 8

1.What information can we get from a country's balance of payments?

imports, tourist expenditures, purchases and sales of shippingThese transactions include merchandise exports and

and insurance services, interest and dividends received or paid abroad, purchases and sales of financial or real assets aboard, and so on.2.In what circumstances does a country have a balance of payments deficit,and balance of payments surplus?

a trade deficit.If the debits exceed the credits,then the country is runninga trade surplus.If the credits exceed the debits,then the country is running 3.How can a large balance-of-payments surplus contribute to the country's inflation rate?

4.What are factors that may affect the balance of trade?international trade imbalances;it is possible a country'sIt is possible to a floating exchange rate could correct any currency will remain stable or appreciate even when it has a balance of trade deficit.5.Is weak home currency a perfect solution to its balance of trade?

foreign competition in response to exchange rate

No.Because: 1 the possibility of a revised pricing policy by movements,2 currency of some other countries may have also weakened,3 international trade transactions are prearranged and cannot be immediately adjusted.6.Why a Weak Home Currency Is Not a Perfect Solution?

? The possibility of a revised pricing policy

by foreign competition in response to exchange rate movements．

? Currencies of some other countries may

have also weakened.? International trade transactions are

prearranged and cannot be immediately adjusted．

7.A credit records a transaction reducing assets or increasing liabilities.貸方記錄資產(chǎn)的減少，負(fù)債的增加。

A credit arises from the sale of goods, or reserve assets and reflects inflows of funds.A debit records a transaction increasing assets or reducing liabilities.A debit arises from the purchase of goods, or reserve assets and reflects outflows of funds.8.Correcting a Balance of Trade Deficit

A deficit in a country’s balance of wade suggests that the country is spending a greater amount of funds on foreign products than it is receiving from exports to foreign countries

U9.Under a floating rate system

? Appreciation? Depreciation

Under a fixed rate system

Revaluation

Devaluation

2.The importer can reduce the exchange rate risk in many

ways:

? The importer might choose to buy the

? foreign currency on the transaction day.The importer simply wait until the funds

are needed and then purchase them in ? the spot marketThe importer buy the foreign currency

．

forward for delivery on the Value Day．

3.The Monetary Approach

? A loose monetary policy : high domestic

inflation and an depreciating currency

? A tight monetary policy : low domestic

inflation and an appreciating currency

u10.1.It is important to identify the major problems that exporters often face: ．

develop a master international marketing plan before Failure to obtain qualified export counseling and to starting an export business

． ．overcome the initial difficulties and financial

Insufficient commitment by top management to requirements of exportingselecting overseas agents or distributors．3．Insufficient care in

．market booms ．Neglecting the export business when the domestic

．basis with their domestic counterparts.．Failure to treat international distributors on an equalcountries．Unwillingness to modify products to meet other

’regulations or cultural preferencesin locally understood languages．Failure to print service，sales

．，and warranty messagescompany or other marketing intermediary when the．Failure to consider using of all export management company does not have the personnel to handle specialized export functions.2.To establish a successful export strategymust，management ? ： Assess the company?examining its opportunities and resources’s export potential by

．? Obtain expert counseling on exporting．

? 3.E-commerceSelect a market or marketsFormulate and implement an export strategy． ． is easy to start

it provides faster and cheaper delivery of，informationit provides quick feedback on new products，it helps to improve customer service，it is available to a global audience，it helps establish electronic data interchange，(EDI)with both suppliers and customers．

3..There are two basic types of imports:

(1)those that provide industrial and consumer goods and services to individuals and companies that are not related to the foreign experter,and(2)those that provide intermidiate goods and services to companies that are part of the firm’s global supply chain.4..those documents are of two different types :

(1)those that determine whether customs will release the shipment ,and(2)those that contain information for duty assessment and statistical purposes.