第一篇：期末英語

UNIT 5

1.As a result of a downsizing initiative and amajorbankmerger, myusually well-ordered life became fraught with changes.由于一次裁員行動(dòng)和一次重大的銀行合并,我一貫有條不紊的生活變得充滿了變化。

2.Although I am a rather reticent individual by nature, I made the most of the oral presentations in class.And soon my confidence level soared.盡管我生性沉默寡言，但我充分利用了課堂上做口頭陳述的機(jī)會(huì)，這使我不久就信倍增。

3.Much to the amazement of his friends and relatives, the young man gave up his secure future, stepped out of his comfort zone and rejoined the “rat race.”

這位年輕人放棄了穩(wěn)定的未來，跳出自己的舒適圈，重返激烈的競爭，這使他的親友們都驚嘆不已。

4.No matter what life throws our way, having a positive attitude makes room for the future.無論在我們的人生道路上遇到什么坎坷，擁有積極的態(tài)度才能為未來打開空間。

5.Of course, having a fulfilling career is a personal goal I long to achieve.However, working towards materialistic things and personal glorification has never been my first priority.當(dāng)然，事業(yè)有成是我渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)個(gè)人目標(biāo)，但為了物質(zhì)的東西和個(gè)人的榮譽(yù)而工作卻從來不是我最優(yōu)先考慮的東西。

6.Having lost his job, he returned to college and ended up acquiring a diploma.失去了工作之后，他重回大學(xué)，并最終獲得了一份畢業(yè)證書。

UNIT6

1.The new agreement is based on the original United Nations proposal.新協(xié)議是以原來的聯(lián)合國建議為基礎(chǔ)的。

2.I’ll take this English test even if it takes weeks or months of preparation.即使要花費(fèi)數(shù)周或數(shù)月的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，我也要參加這次英語考試。

3.In order to sell anybody anything in five minutes or less, you have to find common ground on which you and your client can stand together.為了能在5分鐘或更少的時(shí)間里把任何東西賣給任何人，你必須找到你和你的顧客能站在一起的共同基礎(chǔ)。

4.Yes, you must work harder in your studies.But it does not mean that you have to sacrifice your health for better grades.是的，你一定要在學(xué)習(xí)上更加努力，但這并不意味著你必須犧牲你的健康去得到更好的成績。

5.We’re not here to talk about what divides us.We’re here to find the things that bind us together.我們到這兒來不是為了談?wù)撌刮覀儺a(chǎn)生分歧的東西。我們到這兒來是為了找到把我們結(jié)合在一起的東西。

6.In some cases you have to stoop to conquer.But does it mean that you have to sacrifice your integrity? Certainly not.在有些情況下，你不得不屈尊忍辱以達(dá)到目的。但這是否意味著你必須犧牲自己的誠實(shí)正直呢？當(dāng)然不是。

UNIT7

1.While attending Columbia, Li Ming became good friends with Wang Ying, a

twenty-year-old girl from Hong Kong.在哥倫比亞大學(xué)就讀期間，李明與一個(gè)來自香港的20歲女孩王穎成了好朋友。

2.Encouraged by his instructor, John decided to make medicine his life's career.在導(dǎo)師的鼓勵(lì)下，約翰決定把醫(yī)學(xué)作為自己的終生職業(yè)。

3.Less than a month after he came to McGill University, Dr.Johnson submitted to the president a detailed plan for setting up a new laboratory in the biology department.約翰遜博士來到麥吉爾大學(xué)后不到一個(gè)月，就向校長提交了一份在生物系建立一個(gè)新實(shí)驗(yàn)室的詳盡計(jì)劃。

4.After receiving the urgent cablegram from his former instructor, Dr.Drew immediately set to work and organized the “Blood for Britain” campaign.在收到從前的導(dǎo)師發(fā)來的急電后，德魯博士立即開始工作，組織了“為英國獻(xiàn)血”的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

5.At the beginning of the following year, thousands of American soldiers were killed or injured on the battlefield.在第二年之初，數(shù)以千計(jì)的美國士兵在戰(zhàn)場上陣亡或受傷。

6.In a series of experiments, Dr.Drew discovered that plasma could be given to any patient regardless of blood type.在一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，德魯博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，不管什么血型的病人都能接受血漿。

UNIT8

1.The restaurant caters to bothlocal people and foreign guests because it providescustomers with all kinds of food to choose from.這家餐館符合當(dāng)?shù)厝撕屯赓e的口味，因?yàn)樗鼮轭櫩吞峁└鞣N各樣可供選擇的食物。

2.In addition to the Monument to the People’s Heroes, there are many other places for sightseeing at Tiananmen Square.除了人民英雄紀(jì)念碑，天安門廣場還有許多其他觀光場所。

3.The museums in Paris attract a lot of tourists from all over the world, whether they are historians, artists or ordinary people.巴黎的博物館吸引著許多來自全世界的游客, 無論他們是歷史學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家或普通人。

4.Apart from my daily work, I need to set aside a few hours each day to write my book on tourism.除了日常工作，我每天都需要留出幾個(gè)小時(shí)來寫我的旅游專著。

5.The Great Wall is one of the majortourist destinations in Beijing.Its principal attraction lies in its magnificent scenery and rich historical significance.長城是北京的一個(gè)主要旅游目的地。它的主要吸引力在于壯觀的景色和豐富的歷史意義。

6.I can’t afford the time to go traveling with you.I have to make arrangements for my art exhibition next week.我沒有時(shí)間跟你去旅游。我必須為下星期自己的藝術(shù)展作安排。

以英語系系主任徐達(dá)方的名義為王大雷出具一份工作證明。王大雷于2000年3月1日至2005年12月31日在肖山學(xué)院英語系工作，其中2000年3月1日至2001年2月28日為兼職英語教師；2001年3月1日至2003年9月30日為全職英語教師，助教；2003年10月1日至2005年12月31日為講師。徐達(dá)方的聯(lián)系電話為 022-34788765。

December 31, 2005

To Whom It May Concern,This is to certify that Mr.Wang Dalei servedthe English Department of Xiao-shan

College in the following positions from March 2003 to December 2005.1.Part-time English instructor, 1st March, 2000 – 28th February, 2001.2.Full-time Teaching Assistant in English, 1st March, 200131st December, 2005.Please contact me at 022-3478-8765 if you have any questions or need more information about him.Yours sincerely,Xu Dafang

Professor, Dean

寫一封辭職信，原因是近來身體一直不佳，無法在公司工作，特辭去現(xiàn)職，并在信中表示保證協(xié)助做好交接工作。

Dear Mr.Hill,As required by my employment contract, I hereby give two weeks’ notice of my intention to leave my position as an accountant.As you know, I have been very unwell for some time now and as a consequence, I feel that I am unable to work for B & A Company any longer.My plan is to focus exclusively on my health in the next year.This was not an easy decision and took a lot of consideration.However, please be assured that I will do all I can to assist in the smooth transfer of my responsibilities before leaving.I wish both you and B & A Company every success and would like to thank you for having had me as part of your team.Yours sincerely,Zhang Jin

Zhang Jin

第二篇：英語期末

英語(期末復(fù)習(xí))第一章

1.According to many historians,the true pioneers of the modern digital computer are Charles Babbage and Augusta Ada Byron.2.A digital computer is generally made up of five distinct elements: a central proccessing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, output devices,and a bus.3.The microprocessor is a central processing unit on a single chip.It was made possible in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the LSI circuit and the VLSI circuit.4.According to the text, modern digital computer can be divided into four major categories on the basis of cost and performance.They are microcomputers, workstations , minicomputers,and mainframes.5.The first electronic computers, such as Colossus and ENIAC created in Britain and the United States respectively,used vacuum tubes, which later gave place to transistors.6.A program is a sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer.It can either be built be built into the hardware or exist independently in the form of software.7.The smallest unit of information handled by a computer is bit, which is the abbreviation of binary digit , A group of eight bits makes up a(n)byte.8.One of the trends in computer development is microminiaturization ,the effort to computer more circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space.第二章

1.The function of computer hardware is typically divided into there main categories.They are input;, output ,and storage.2.The software that controls the interaction between the input and output hardware is called BIOS, which stands for Basic Input/Output System.3.The two most common types of scanners are flatbed scanners and hand-held scanners.4.Video displays commonly task one of two forms, they are CRT-based screens and LCD-based screens.5 In the text,the author mentions thess of the most commonly uesd types of printers.They are_dot-matrix printers_,laser printer,and__inkjet printers _.6

According to the text,the two main types of

storage devices are_disk drives_and_memory _.7 It can be said that having a steady power source is important for a computer because RAM is_volatile_memory.8 A(n)_serial_connection transfers only one piece of data at a time while a(n)_parallel_connection transfers blocks of information at the same time.第八章

1、According to the geographical area covered ,a computer network is often classified as either a LAN , a(n)MAN ,or a WAN.2、A net work can also be classified as either a(n)open network or a(n)closed network according to whether its internal operation is based on designs in the public domain or on innovation owned and controlled by a particular entity.3、A network can also be classified according to its topology.Among the most popular topologies are the bus topology , ring topology, and star topology.4、A popular protocol in networks based on the ring topology is the token ring protocol developed by IBM in the 1970s.5、In a(n)Ethernet system ,the right to transmit messages is controlled by the protocol know as CSMA/CD.6、The client / server model for interprocess communication defines the basic roles played by the processes as either a client or a server.7、The peer-to-peer model involves two processes communicating as equals and usually executing on a(n)temporary basis.8、Althought it is often used , the term peer-to-peer network is not very appropriate.第十一章 The year 2000 was a turning point in electronic commerce.It maked the end of the “dot-com__boom ___”.2 Most people use the terms “electeonic commerce”

and “electronic__business_interchangeably.3 Based

on the types of participating_entities_electronic commerce can be classified into five categories:B2B, B2B, business processes , C2C, and _B2G__.4

The three most commonly used categories of eletronic commerce and B2C , _B2B__,and business processes.5 In C2C trnasactions, one party is selling, and thus as a business, so they are sometimes treated as part of _B2C_electronic commerce.6

The first wave of eletronic commerce was dominated by_ U.S.或American_companies.7

In the first wave, there was an over-emphasis on creating new large enterprises to exploit eletronic commerce opportunities because of the easy access to start-up_capital.8 The increase in_broadband_connections in homes is a key element in the second wave of electronic commerce.第十二章 1 Accoring to the text, the largest category of computer criminals is _employees_.2 People who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for fun and challenge are called _hackers _.3 People who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for malicious purposes are called _crackers_.4 Computer crime can take the form of damage_theft, and manipulation _.5 A(n)_worm_is a destructive promgram that fills a computer system with self-replicating information, clogging the system so that its operations are siowed or sopped.6 Software piracy_is the unauthorized

copying of programs for

personal gaim.7 Secuity measures for computer system consist of encryption, restricting_access__,anticipating disasters, and making_backup_copies.8 Secret words or numbers that must be key into a computer system to gain access are called_passwords_.英漢互譯 第一章

1.artificial intelligence人工智能 2.paper-tape reader紙帶閱讀器 3.optical computer光計(jì)算機(jī) 4.neural network神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

5.instruction set指令集 6.parallel processing并行處理

7.difference engine差分機(jī) 8.versatile logical element通用邏輯元件 9.silicon substrate硅襯底 10.vacuum tube真空管 11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理 the storage and handling of data 12.超大規(guī)模集成電路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13.中央處理器 central processing unit 14.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) personal computer 15.模擬計(jì)算機(jī) analogue computer 16.數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī) digital computer 17.通用計(jì)算機(jī) general-purpose computer 18.處理器芯片 processor chip 19.操作指令 operating instructions 20.輸入設(shè)備 input device 第二章

1.function key功能鍵，操作鍵 2.voice recognition module語音識(shí)別模塊 3.touch-sensitive region觸敏區(qū) 4.address bus地址總線

5.flatbed scanner平板掃描儀 6.dot-matrix printer點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）7.parallel connection并行連接 8.cathode ray tube陰極射線管

9.video game電子游戲 10.audio signal音頻信號(hào)

11.操作系統(tǒng) operating system 12.液晶顯示（器）LCD(liquid crystal display)13.噴墨打印機(jī) inkjet printer 14.數(shù)據(jù)總線 data bus 15.串行連接 serial connection 16.易失性存儲(chǔ)器 volatile memory 17.激光打印機(jī) laser printer 18.磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器 disk drive 19.基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng) BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)20.視頻顯示器 video display 第八章

1.file server文件服務(wù)器 2.carrier sense載波檢測，載波監(jiān)聽 3.protocol suite協(xié)議組，協(xié)議集 4.peer-to-peer model對(duì)等模型 5.bus topology network總線拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)

6.inter-machine cooperation機(jī)器間合作，計(jì)算機(jī)間合作

7.Ethernet protocol collection以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集 8.proprietary network專有網(wǎng)絡(luò) 9.utility package實(shí)用軟件包，公用程序包 10.star network星形網(wǎng)絡(luò) 11.局域網(wǎng) local area network(LAN)12.令牌環(huán) token ring 13.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò) wireless network 14.封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò) closed network 15.環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ring topology 16.客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型 client/server model 17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序 network application 18.進(jìn)程間通信 interprocess communication 19.打印服務(wù)器 print server 20.廣域網(wǎng) wide area network(WAN)第十一章

1.customized marketing strategy定制的營銷策略 2.B2G transaction企業(yè)對(duì)政府交易 3.mobile telephone移動(dòng)電話 4.dot-com bust網(wǎng)絡(luò)不景氣 5.smart card智能卡，靈巧卡 6.digital piracy數(shù)字盜版

7.dot-com boom網(wǎng)絡(luò)繁榮 8.C2C transaction消費(fèi)者對(duì)消費(fèi)者交易 9.Web auction site拍賣網(wǎng)站 10.fingerprint reader指紋讀取器 11.射頻識(shí)別裝置 radio-frequency identification(RFID)device 12.電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 electronic data interchange(EDI)13.庫存管理技術(shù) inventory management technology 14.知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property 15.條形碼 bar code 16.貨幣兌換 currency conversion 17.電子圖書 electronic book 18.視網(wǎng)膜掃描儀 retina scanner 19.個(gè)人數(shù)字助理 personal digital assistant(PDA)20.企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)電子商務(wù) B2B electronic commerce 第十二章

1.encryption program加密程序 2.deletion command刪除命令 3.authorized user授權(quán)的用戶 4.backup copy備份

5.voltage surge電壓浪涌 6.circuit breaker斷路器

7.electronic component電子元件（或部件）8.data-entry error數(shù)據(jù)輸入錯(cuò)誤 9.electronic break-in電子入侵 10.power line電力線，輸電線 11.檢測程序 detection program 12.電源 power source 13.破壞性計(jì)算機(jī)程序 destructive computer program 14.計(jì)算機(jī)病毒 computer virus 15.軟件侵權(quán) software piracy 16.硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器 hard-disk drive 17.病毒檢查程序 virus checker 18.主存儲(chǔ)器 primary storage 19.電子公告板 electronic bulletin board 20.浪涌電壓保護(hù)器 surge protector 翻譯

A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions or program and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information.計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備，它能接收一套指令或一個(gè)程序，然后通過對(duì)數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算或者對(duì)其他形式的信息進(jìn)行處理來執(zhí)行該程序。

A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data.Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software.一個(gè)程序就是一系列指令，告訴計(jì)算機(jī)硬件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)執(zhí)行什么樣的操作。程序可以內(nèi)嵌在硬件本身里，或以軟件的形式獨(dú)立存在。

Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled.計(jì)算機(jī)硬件是計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行所需要的設(shè)備，由可被物理操縱的部件組成。

The need to share information and resources among different computers has led to linked computer systems, called networks, in which computers are connected so that data can be transferred from machine to machine.在不同計(jì)算機(jī)之間共享信息和資源的需要，導(dǎo)致了相互連接的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生。這種 相互連接的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)被稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

A computer crime is an illegal action in which the perpetrator uses special knowledge of computer technology.計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪是犯罪者使用專門的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)知識(shí)做出的非法行為。Viruses are programs that “migrate” through networks and operating systems and attach themselves to different programs and databases.病毒是一種程序，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)和操作系統(tǒng)中“遷移”，并附加到不同的程序和數(shù)據(jù)庫上。

A variant on the virus is the worm.this destructive program fills a computer system with self-replicating information, clogging the system so that its operations are slowed or stopped.病毒的一個(gè)變種是蠕蟲病毒。這種破壞性程序用自我復(fù)制的信息填滿計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，以阻 塞系統(tǒng)，使系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行減慢或停止。

英文縮寫

IC 集成電路 LSI 大規(guī)模集成 VLSI 超大規(guī)模集成 I/O 輸入/輸出

BIOS 基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng) AI 人工智能 B2B 企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè) B2C 企業(yè)對(duì)消費(fèi)者

B2G 企業(yè)對(duì)政府 C2C 消費(fèi)者對(duì)消費(fèi)者 P2P 對(duì)等的 CD-ROM 只讀光盤

RAM 隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器 ROM 制度存儲(chǔ)器 OS 操作系統(tǒng) 004km.cnputer（數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)）又稱 Electronic computer（電子計(jì)算機(jī)）第一代計(jì)算機(jī)：vacuum tube（真空管）;第二代計(jì)算機(jī)：transistor（晶體管）第三代計(jì)算機(jī)：integrated circuit或RC（集成電路）

第四代計(jì)算機(jī)：Large integrated circuit（超大集成電路）計(jì)算機(jī)最小單位：bit(位)，一個(gè)字節(jié)等于8位。計(jì)算機(jī)分四種：Palmtop（掌上型計(jì)算機(jī)），workstation(工作站)，microcomputer(小型計(jì)算機(jī))，mainframe(大型機(jī))。

計(jì)算機(jī)的5個(gè)組成部分：(1)a central processing unit;(2)input devices;(3)memory storage devices;(4)output devices;and(5)a communications network.（1）中央處理器；（2）輸入設(shè)備；（3）存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備；（4）輸出設(shè)備；以及（5）被稱作總線的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。第二章：

Input Hardware（輸入硬件）： light pen(光筆)，mouse（鼠標(biāo)），oystick（操縱桿），keyboard（鍵盤），scanner（描儀儀），microphone（麥克風(fēng)），modulator-demodulator（調(diào)制器―解調(diào)器）。

output Hardware（輸出硬件）： display（顯示器），printer（打印機(jī)），speakers（音箱）。Storage Hardware（存儲(chǔ)硬件）：

Hard（硬盤）, floppy（軟盤）, magneto-optical（磁光盤）,compact（光盤）。掃描儀：flatbed scanner（平板式掃描儀），hand-held scanner（手持式掃描儀）。顯示器：cathode ray tube(CRT)（陰極射線管視頻屏幕），liquid crystal display(LCD)（液晶顯示視頻屏幕）。

Inkjet printer（噴墨打印機(jī)），disk drive（磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器），volatile memory（易失性存儲(chǔ)器），nonvolatile memory（非易失性存儲(chǔ)器）。

總線：address bus（地址總線），data bus（數(shù)據(jù)總線）。

總線連接方式：serial connection（串行連接）parallel connection（并行連接）。

鼠標(biāo)定義：A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand.（鼠標(biāo)是為一只手抓握而設(shè)計(jì)的指示設(shè)備。）

鍵盤定義：A keyboard is a typewriter-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer.（鍵盤是一個(gè)像打字機(jī)的設(shè)備，它使用戶得以向計(jì)算機(jī)鍵入文本和命令。）

麥克風(fēng)定義：A microphone is a device for converting sound into signals that can then be stored, manipulated, and played back by the computer.（麥克風(fēng)是將聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成可被計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)、處理和回放的信號(hào)的設(shè)備。）

調(diào)制解調(diào)器定義：A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer.（調(diào)制解調(diào)器代表調(diào)制器―解調(diào)器，是將計(jì)算機(jī)與電話線連接、允許信息傳給或接自另一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的設(shè)備。）

總線定義： A bus provides a common interconnected system composed of a group of wires or circuitry that coordinates and moves information between the internal parts of a computer.（總線提供了一種常見的互連系統(tǒng)，它由一組導(dǎo)線或電路組成，在計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)部組成部分之間協(xié)調(diào)和移動(dòng)信息。）

第八章：

網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋范圍：LAN（局域網(wǎng)），MAN(城域網(wǎng))，WAN（廣域網(wǎng)）網(wǎng)絡(luò)開放：Open network（開網(wǎng)絡(luò)），closed network（封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò)）網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)：Bus topology（總線拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)），Ring topology（環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)），Star topology（星形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)）。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議：Tcp/IP（傳輸控制協(xié)議和網(wǎng)際協(xié)議），Token ring protocol（令牌環(huán)協(xié)議）用于ring topology（環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)）

Client/server model c/s（客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型）Peer-to-peer（對(duì)等模型）CSMA/CD（用于以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)）

協(xié)議定義：For a network to function reliably, it is important to establish rules by which network activities are conducted.Such rules are called protocols.（為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠運(yùn)行，確立進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)所遵循的規(guī)則很重要。這類規(guī)則稱為協(xié)議）。

第十一章：

Word Wide Web（世界萬維網(wǎng)）

寬帶：The increase in broadband connections in homes is a key element in the second wave.（家里寬帶連接的增加是第二次浪潮的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素）。

第十二章：

四種計(jì)算機(jī)安全手段：1.Encrypting Messages（給信息加密），2.Restricting Access（限制訪問），3.Anticipating Disasters（預(yù)防災(zāi)難），4.Backing up Data（備份數(shù)據(jù)）。

Unit1 1，A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions or program and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information.計(jì)算機(jī)是一種電子設(shè)備，它能接收一套指令或一個(gè)程序，然后通過對(duì)數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算或者對(duì)其他形式的信息進(jìn)行處理來執(zhí)行該程序。2，A group of eight bits is called a byte, 8個(gè)位為一組，稱為一個(gè)字節(jié)

3，(1)a central processing unit;(2)input devices;(3)memory storage devices;(4)output devices;and(5)a communications network, called a bus, 它是由5個(gè)不同的要素組成的系統(tǒng)：（1）中央處理器；（2）輸入設(shè)備；（3）存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備；（4）輸出設(shè)備；以及（5）被稱作總線的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，4，A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data.一個(gè)程序就是一系列指令，告訴計(jì)算機(jī)硬件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)執(zhí)行什么樣的操作。unit2 1, Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled.計(jì)算機(jī)硬件是計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行所需要的設(shè)備，由可進(jìn)行物理處理的元件組成。

2, A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand.鼠標(biāo)是為一只手抓握而設(shè)計(jì)的指示設(shè)備。

3, A keyboard is a typewriter-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer.鍵盤是一個(gè)像打字機(jī)的設(shè)備，它使用戶得以向計(jì)算機(jī)鍵入文本和命令。

4, A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer.調(diào)制解調(diào)器代表調(diào)制器―解調(diào)器，是將計(jì)算機(jī)與電話線連接、允許信息傳給或接自另一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的設(shè)備。

5, Displays commonly take one of two forms: a video screen with a cathode ray tube(CRT)or a video screen with a liquid crystal display(LCD).顯示器一般有兩種形式：陰極射線管視頻屏幕和液晶顯示視頻屏幕。

6, This type of connection transfers only one piece of data at a time, and is therefore slow.這種連接一次只能傳送一段數(shù)據(jù)，因此很慢。

Unit8 1, The need to share information and resources among different computers has led to linked computer systems, called networks, in which computers are connected so that data can be transferred from machine to machine.在不同計(jì)算機(jī)之間共享信息和資源的需要，導(dǎo)致了相互連接的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)生。這種相互連接的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)被稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

2, For a network to function reliably, it is important to establish rules by which network activities are conducted.Such rules are called protocols.為了網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠運(yùn)行，確立進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)所遵循的規(guī)則很重要。這類規(guī)則稱為協(xié)議。3, A popular convention used for interprocess communication is the client/server model.進(jìn)程間通信使用的一種流行規(guī)約是客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型。Unit11，Consumer shopping on the Web, often called business-to-consumer(or B2C)最常用的3種類型是：

(1)消費(fèi)者在網(wǎng)上購物，常稱為企業(yè)對(duì)消費(fèi)者（或B2C）電子商務(wù).(2)Transactions conducted between businesses on the Web, oftencalled business-to-business(or B2B)企業(yè)之間在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行的交易，常稱為企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)（或B2B）電子商務(wù).(3)Transactions and business processes that companies, governments, and other organizations undertake on the Internet to support selling and purchasing activities.公司、政府及其他機(jī)構(gòu)為支持買賣活動(dòng)而在因特網(wǎng)上采取的交易與商業(yè)過程 Unit12 1, A computer crime is an illegal action in which the perpetrator uses special knowledge of computer technology.計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪是犯罪者使用專門的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)知識(shí)做出的非法行為。

2, Viruses are programs that “migrate” through networks and operating systems and attach themselves to different programs and databases.病毒是一種程序，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)和操作系統(tǒng)中“遷移”，并附加到不同的程序和數(shù)據(jù)庫上。3, A variant on the virus is the worm.This destructive program fills a computer system with self-replicating information, clogging the system so that its operations are slowed or stopped.病毒的一個(gè)變種是蠕蟲病毒。這種破壞性程序用自我復(fù)制的信息填滿計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，以阻塞系統(tǒng)，使系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行減慢或停止。

4, Security measures consist of encryption, restricting access, anticipating disasters, and making backup copies.安全措施包括加密、限制訪問、預(yù)防災(zāi)難和制作備份。

5, Passwords are secret words or numbers that must be keyed into a computer system to gain access.口令是秘密的單詞或數(shù)字，人們必須將其鍵入一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)才能對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行訪問。

第三篇：期末英語作文

作文一

1.Who is your best friend?

2.What do you often do together? 3.How do you feel when you stay with your friend?

My best friend is Daming.He is a tall boy with short black hair.He wears a pair of big glasses.We often study together and help each other when we meet with difficulty.Once in a while, we talk about things that we are both interested in, for example, our favorite movies or music.What’s more, we also share our ideas and feelings.I feel easy and relaxed when I stay with Daming.More importantly, I can learn a lot from him.He is so nice.I’m very lucky to have a friend like him.作文二

1.Who is your best friend?

2.What is she like? 3.What do you often do together?

4.How do you feel when you stay with your friend?

My best friend is Daming.He is a tall boy with short black hair.He wears a pair of big glasses.Daming is friendly and warm-hearted.He gets on well with everybody and he is always ready to help those who are in trouble.We often study together and help each other when we meet with difficulty.Once in a while, we talk about things that we are both interested in, for example, our favorite movies or music.What’s more, we also share our ideas and feelings.I feel easy and relaxed when I stay with Daming.More importantly, I can learn a lot from him.He is so nice.I’m very lucky to have a friend like him.作文三

1.Who is your favorite teacher?

2.What does he/she look like? 3.Why do you like him/her?

My favorite teacher is Miss Li.She teaches us Chinese.She is beautiful, with long black hair.She often wears a pair of glasses.Miss Li works very hard.She always tries her best to make her lessons interesting so that we students like to learn the subject.What’s more, Miss Li is very kind and patient.She gives us a lot of advice about how to learn Chinese and tell us how to enjoy the beauty of the language.She is always ready to help those who are not so good at Chinese.Miss Li is so nice that I like her very much.I feel lucky to have a teacher like Miss Li.作文四

1.Which subject do you like best?

2.Why do you like it? 3.What is your advice to learn the subject?

My favorite subject is English.English is one of the most important languages in the world.It builds a bridge of communication between people from different countries and cultures.Without this language, it is hard to imagine what the world would be like.Although English is hard and boring, my teacher always tries his best to make his English lessons interesting and attractive.In his class, he not only lets us enjoy English movies but also encourages us to express ourselves in English.In my opinion, the best way to learn this language is to use it as often as possible both in class and after class.If we keep using it every day, I’m sure we can learn it well.作文五

1.What activities do you have at your school?

2.What is your favorite activity? 3.Why do you like it?

At our school we have a lot of activities, such as basketball, table tennis, painting, dancing and singing.My favorite activity is painting.Every Monday afternoon, Mr.Li teaches us to paint.When I’m painting, I find myself lost in a colorful world.To learn painting, one needs hard work as well as talent.It is difficult, but I like it.Painting not only brings me pleasure, but also develops my interests and helps me to learn new skills.More importantly, activities like painting also make me grow as a person.作文六

1.Are you going to take the summer course in English, in physics or in math? 2.What do you think the summer course should include?

3.Why do you think so?

I’m going to take the summer course in English.In my opinion, the English summer course should include more listening and speaking practice.As everybody knows, English is an international language and it builds a bridge of communication between people from different countries.In other words, it is a very useful tool of communication.If we can’t understand others and can’t speak the language, it will be very hard for people to exchange ideas and share their feelings.So I think that the summer course should include listening and speaking.作文七

1.Are you going to have any training classes during the holidays? 2.What do you think of the training classes?

3.Why do you think so?

作文八

1.What is your favorite hobby?

2.How did you develop it?

3.What do you think of the hobby?

My favorite hobby is reading.When I was five years old, my mother gave a book with a lot of pictures in it for my birthday.The stories in it were so interesting and the pictures were so beautiful that I became interested in the stories as well as the book.Little by little, I fell in love books and reading.Now, I spend most of my free time reading books.I think reading is very important and useful.I feel relaxed and comfortable when I’m reading.More importantly, From books, I can get knowledge that I can’t get in class.作文九

1.Which place of your school do you like best, the library, the science lab or ……? 2.What is it like?

3.Why do you like it?

I like the library best in our school.It is big, clean and comfortable.There are all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers in the library.I often go to the library to borrow and read my favorite books.By reading, I have learned a lot of things that I can’t get in class.What’s more, when I’m bored or unhappy, I also go to the library to read books.It is in the library that I not only get knowledge but also get relaxation and pleasure.作文十

1.When is the best time to visit Beijing?

2.What are some good places to visit in Beijing? 3.What other things do I need to know about Beijing before I come?

The best time to come to Beijing is in autumn.It’s neither cold nor hot, and the weather feels very comfortable.(Beijing is a beautiful city with a long history).There are a lot of places of interest, such as …and …In autumn one of the most popular places is Xiangshan Park.The red leaves in the park are so beautiful that a large number of people come to the park every year.You can’t miss it.Before you come to Beijing, it’s a good idea to take a map of the city with you in case you get lost.What’s more, you should learn about the Chinese culture as much as possible.I’m sure you’ll enjoy your trip to Beijing.作文十一: My Dream

My dream is to become an English translator（翻譯）in the future.This has been my dream for a long time.At the age of nine, I went to the Forbidden City with my mother.There we met two foreigners.They came from the US and they asked us many questions about Chinese culture.Unluckily, I could only understand a small part of their language and I could only speak broken(結(jié)結(jié)巴巴)English.Since then, I made up my mind(下決心)to learn English well and became a translator in the future.In order to realize my dream, I have always worked hard at English learning.Moreover, I will spend a lot of time in learning all the subjects carefully.Now, more and more foreign people come to China.I hope that I can help them to understand China better and introduce Chinese culture to all over the world.I am sure that my dream will come true.

第四篇：英語期末項(xiàng)目

According to Shandong television station reported, before the CEE this year ,some people played tricks, thinking through illegal means to spend some money so can be admitted to the ideal university.They recruit the Gunners from various universities, secretly transferred to the field training, but did not expected, hardly ready to leave when being arrested by the police.The college entrance examination is the symbol of Chinese examination education the ultimate goal after 12 years studying

to have a wonderful future

to change the present life

the winning of college entrance examination or not, relates the candidates' fate in China.According to this picture ,we can see that the number of students who took this exam has increased from 1999.though fall from2009,the number is still large.College entrance examination has finally arrived now,Once a year the college entrance examination this year came to a close, the candidates who are anxiously awaiting the arrival of scores.However , not every student is happy for this exam.Even there are some students who can't accept the failure of the college entrance exam had made their decision that they killed themselves...The state is closely related to the current China education system...

第五篇：英語期末工作總結(jié)

六年級(jí)英語期末工作總結(jié)

本學(xué)期，我擔(dān)任六年級(jí)六班的英語教學(xué)工作。在工作中，本人能從各方面嚴(yán)格要求自己，結(jié)合本校的實(shí)際情況，勤勤懇懇，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，使教學(xué)工作有計(jì)劃、有組織、有步驟地開展，圓滿地完成了本學(xué)期的教學(xué)任務(wù)。立足現(xiàn)在，放眼未來，為使今后的教學(xué)工作取得更大的進(jìn)步，現(xiàn)對(duì)本學(xué)期的教學(xué)工作做出一個(gè)總結(jié)，希望能發(fā)揚(yáng)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，克服不足，以促進(jìn)下個(gè)學(xué)期的教學(xué)工作更上一層樓?，F(xiàn)主要將六年級(jí)英語期末工作總結(jié)如下：

一、思想政治工作

搞好思想政治學(xué)習(xí)，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)教育教學(xué)理論知識(shí)，提高自身的政治素養(yǎng)和法律意識(shí)。堅(jiān)持依法執(zhí)教，廉潔從教。

二、教學(xué)工作

1、六年級(jí)英語要求學(xué)生能夠保持對(duì)英語的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，并能用簡單的英語表達(dá)自己的意思，能夠看圖說話，簡單的寫作。我根據(jù)各班學(xué)生的身心素質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)水平，以及新課標(biāo)要求，學(xué)期初，我就讓學(xué)生自定目標(biāo)，自我加壓，讓學(xué)生在自己身邊找榜樣，結(jié)對(duì)子。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，相互幫助，相互合作，以優(yōu)帶后，共同進(jìn)步。使其增強(qiáng)了競爭意識(shí)與合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力，同時(shí)也激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。

2、由于六年級(jí)的學(xué)生已經(jīng)有了一定的學(xué)習(xí)自覺性和自我管理能力，大部分學(xué)生能夠早讀時(shí)間自覺讀英語。我在班上設(shè)了英語領(lǐng)讀員和紀(jì)律監(jiān)督員，早讀課上堅(jiān)持到班了解早讀情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時(shí)糾正。課后發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生作業(yè)有問題及時(shí)進(jìn)行講解；讓學(xué)生及時(shí)消化。另外，對(duì)部分不自覺的同學(xué)還采取“一對(duì)一”的監(jiān)督方式，確保他們不落后，提高他們的朗讀和默寫能力。

3、在批改作業(yè)方面，我要求學(xué)生的課堂作業(yè)能夠及時(shí)完成。我也按時(shí)地批改，并詳細(xì)地做好批注。對(duì)學(xué)生存在的普遍性錯(cuò)誤，在全班重點(diǎn)講解、分析；針對(duì)個(gè)別學(xué)生的個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤，就采取面批方法，單獨(dú)地講解，幫助學(xué)生解決疑難習(xí)題，提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量。

4、在教學(xué)過程中老師是教學(xué)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和參與者。講求方法，豐富課堂是教師在整個(gè)教學(xué)過程中首要的任務(wù)。上課內(nèi)容豐富，現(xiàn)實(shí)，講課生動(dòng)，難易適中照顧全部，就自然能夠吸引住學(xué)生。所以，老師每天都要有充足的精神，讓學(xué)生感受到一種自然氣氛。這樣，授課就事半功倍。回顧自己的授課，我感到有點(diǎn)愧疚，因?yàn)閭€(gè)別時(shí)候我并不能很好地做到這點(diǎn)。當(dāng)學(xué)生在課堂上無心學(xué)習(xí)，思想開小差時(shí)，我的情緒就會(huì)受到影響，并且把這帶到教學(xué)中，讓原本正常的講課受到?jīng)_擊，發(fā)揮不到應(yīng)有的水平，以致影響教學(xué)效果。我覺得，以后要采取有利方法解決課堂中的問題，努力做到認(rèn)真?zhèn)湔n,不但備學(xué)生，而且備教材、備教法。

5、做好課后對(duì)學(xué)生的輔導(dǎo)工作，注意分層教學(xué)。在課后，為不同層次的學(xué)生進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的輔導(dǎo)，以滿足不同層次的學(xué)生的需求，同時(shí)加大了對(duì)后進(jìn)生的輔導(dǎo)力度。對(duì)后進(jìn)生的輔導(dǎo)，并不限于學(xué)生知識(shí)性的輔導(dǎo)，更重要的是學(xué)生思想的輔導(dǎo)，提高后進(jìn)生的成績，首先解決他們的心結(jié)，讓他們意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)的重要性和必要性，使之對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)萌發(fā)興趣。

三、回顧過去，在以往的教學(xué)工作中我還存在著一些不足之處，如：

1、無法照顧到全體學(xué)生，設(shè)計(jì)適合所有學(xué)生的教學(xué)方式。

2、對(duì)學(xué)生的實(shí)際理解能力估計(jì)不足，或考慮不周。我在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中，只注意了一部分學(xué)生的情況，沒能充分考慮學(xué)生的個(gè)體因素。盲目的認(rèn)為已經(jīng)是六年級(jí)的學(xué)生了，學(xué)習(xí)的自覺性已經(jīng)非常高了，有能力自己解決問題了，而忽視了對(duì)學(xué)生出錯(cuò)的問題及時(shí)糾正和放松了對(duì)他們的督促。在平時(shí)的教學(xué)過程中，我總是強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)學(xué)生自覺學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣的培養(yǎng)，對(duì)他們抱有過高的估計(jì)和評(píng)價(jià)，因而沒有對(duì)其具體的學(xué)習(xí)情況和效果做出及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的驗(yàn)證和審查。

3、對(duì)待優(yōu)生的培優(yōu)不是很到位?？荚嚽耙欢螘r(shí)間，由于主客觀因素，我把精力過多地放在了補(bǔ)差上，對(duì)班內(nèi)的數(shù)名優(yōu)生的輔導(dǎo)沒能落到實(shí)處，有待下個(gè)學(xué)期加強(qiáng)。

由于每一位教師尤其英語教師，大家都在不斷的改善和創(chuàng)新自己的教學(xué)，難免會(huì)有失敗和彎路。不過我堅(jiān)信，只有通過不斷的創(chuàng)新和實(shí)踐才能有進(jìn)步，才能不斷完善自己的教育教學(xué)，以上就是我一學(xué)期來的教學(xué)總結(jié)和感想。在今后的教學(xué)工作中，我會(huì)努力填補(bǔ)自己在教學(xué)中的不足，力爭在今后的英語教學(xué)工作中取得更好的成績。