第一篇：合同翻譯技巧

合同翻譯技巧

實踐證明，英譯合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯的地方，一般來說，不是大的陳述性條款。而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)目．比如：金錢、時間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯，在英譯合同時，常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來界定細(xì)目所指定的確切范圍。

3.1.限定責(zé)任

眾所周知，合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責(zé)任。為英譯出雙方責(zé)任的權(quán)限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。現(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說明如下。

3.1.1 and/or

常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。

例 1：如果上述貨物對船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)全責(zé)。

The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between

常用 by and between 強(qiáng)調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴(yán)格履行合同于的責(zé)任。

例 2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。

This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2.限定時間

英譯與時間有關(guān)的文字，都應(yīng)非常嚴(yán)格慎重地處理，因為合同對時間的要求是準(zhǔn)確無誤。所以英譯起止時間時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來限定準(zhǔn)確的時間。

3.2.1 雙介詞

用雙介詞英譯含當(dāng)天日期在內(nèi)的起止時間。

例 3；自 9 月 2O 日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。

Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 4：我公司的條件是，3 個月內(nèi)，即不得晚于 5 月 1 日，支付現(xiàn)金。

Our terms are cash within three months, i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than

用“not(no)later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。

例5：本合同簽字之日一個月內(nèi)，即不遲于 12 月 15 日，你方須將貨物裝船。

Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相應(yīng)形式

常用 include 的相應(yīng)形式：inclusive、including 和 included，來限定含當(dāng)日在內(nèi)的時間。

例 6：本證在北京議付，有效期至 1 月 1 日。

This credit expires till January 1(inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1 月 1 日在內(nèi)，英譯為 till and not including January 1。

3.3.限定金額

為避免金額數(shù)量的差漏、偽造或涂改，英譯時常用以下措施嚴(yán)格把關(guān)。

3.3.1.大寫文字重復(fù)金額

英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時也有必 要加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”．意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。

例 7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元 500 元整。

Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正確使用貨幣符號

英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號?！?”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“￡”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。

必須注意：當(dāng)金額用數(shù)字書寫時，金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號，例如：Can $891,568，不能寫成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻譯的還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點(.)還是分節(jié)號(,)，因為這兩個符號極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。

第二篇：英文合同的翻譯技巧

引子:鑒于現(xiàn)在對外交流事例逐漸增多,英文合同特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯愈顯重要,若譯文不準(zhǔn)確或不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),勢必會引起不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛.故今以一英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同寫作書籍為藍(lán)本,錄入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(經(jīng)濟(jì))合同的翻譯和寫作。

合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的語言應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性.英文合同用語的特點之一就表現(xiàn)在用詞上,即選擇那些法律用詞,以及正式用詞,使合同表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無誤,達(dá)到雙方對合同中使用的詞無可爭議的程度。

一.hereby

英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this

中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開頭語；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時也可用。語法：一般置于主語后,緊鄰主語.例1：

The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文:

業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價,或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項,以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報酬。

注釋:

(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同

(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工

(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價,指工程的總造價

(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which

(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款 例2：

We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know據(jù)我們所知

（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述聲明

（4）herein：in this, in the statement在聲明中

（5）documentary proof：證明文件

參考譯文：

特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。

例3：

This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party

B)on(Date), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下稱甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上

（4）through amicable consultation：通過友好協(xié)商

參考譯文：

本合同雙方，公司（以下稱甲方）與公司（以下稱乙方），在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，通過友好協(xié)商，于年月日在中國（地點），特簽訂本合同。

例4：

This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and betweenCo.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注釋：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此訂立本協(xié)議

在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個動詞：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同義詞連用的寫作特點，可用上述4個動詞中的兩個來表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下簡稱乙方

參考譯文：

本協(xié)議特由中國公司（以下簡稱甲方）與公司（以下簡稱乙方）于年月日訂立。

第三篇：英文合同翻譯有哪些技巧

英文合同翻譯有哪些技巧

如今，對外交流的事例越來越多。英文合同，特別是經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯也顯得越來越重要,若譯文不夠準(zhǔn)確或是不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，肯定會引起不必要的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛。合同文件是合同雙方簽訂并必須遵守的法律文件，因此合同中的語言應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)他的權(quán)威性。英文合同用語的特點之一就是表現(xiàn)在用詞上的。就是選擇那些法律上的用詞，以及正式的用詞，使合同所表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確無誤，達(dá)到雙方對合同中所使用的詞的翻譯無可爭議的程度。合同資料怎么翻譯呢？下面就來給大家講解一下技巧。

一.hereby 英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this 中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開頭用語；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時也可以使用。

語法：一般置于主語后,緊鄰主語.例1：

The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文: 業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價,或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項,以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補(bǔ)工程中缺陷的報酬。

注釋:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同

(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價,指工程的總造價(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款

例2：

We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.參考譯文：

特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。

注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know據(jù)我們所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述聲明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在聲明中（5）documentary proof：證明文件

例3：

This agreement is hereby made and entered into on(Date), by and between Co.China(hereinafter referred to as Party A)and Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).參考譯文：

本協(xié)議特由中國公司（以下簡稱甲方）與公司（以下簡稱乙方）于年月日訂立。注釋：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此訂立本協(xié)議

在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個動詞：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照同義詞連用的寫作特點，可用上述4個動詞中的兩個來表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下簡稱乙方

二 hereof 英文釋義: of this 中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的??”時，使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時，可以說“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Works”。

語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereof和thereof的區(qū)別：hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for all losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.參考譯文：

不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承運(yùn)人需要），無間斷地提供和提取貨物。貨方對違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

注釋：

（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，whether? or not：不論??是否

（2）the owner of the goods：貨方（3）without interruption：無間斷地（4）carrier：承運(yùn)人

（5）in default on the provisions hereof：違反本款規(guī)定 hereof：of this Clause 例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.參考譯文：

本法所稱對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動的法人和其他組織。注釋：

（1）foreign trade dealers：對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所稱

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）legal entity：法人

（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動

三 hereto 英文釋義: to this 中文譯詞:至此，在此上。

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的??本文件的??”時，使用該詞。例如表示“本合同雙方”，可以說“the Parties hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Contract”；表示“本協(xié)議附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Agreement”。

語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereto和thereto的區(qū)別：同前面所言hereof和thereof的區(qū)別類似，hereto強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“to this”。

例1 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.Should, through negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.參考譯文：

對于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議，本合同雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無法解決爭議，則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外。

注釋：

（1）the performance of this Contract：履行本合同（2）through amicable negotiations：友好協(xié)商

（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同雙方（4）shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交進(jìn)行仲裁

（5）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會（北京）

（6）the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁規(guī)則（7）the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁決

（8）unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外

例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.參考譯文：

“專利技術(shù)”，系指乙方目前擁有的或未來獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的，或在本合同有效期間在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請。

注釋：

（1）patented technology：專利技術(shù)（2）patent：專利

（3）application for the patent：專利申請

（4）may have the right to control：可能有權(quán)控制的（5）permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓

（6）Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品 hereto: to this Contract 以上就是合同資料翻譯的幾種技巧，希望大家通過學(xué)習(xí)可以很巧妙的運(yùn)用在翻譯當(dāng)中。一定會讓你翻譯的合同資料更加完美。

第四篇：英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總

英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總

英文合同中使用的大量長句，主要分為三大類：簡單長句、復(fù)合長句和并列長句。在翻譯這些長句時，首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系，然后再適當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。

☆簡單長句及其翻譯

在翻譯英文商務(wù)合同中的簡單長句時，首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系；然后再適當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻譯時以句子的主干為主導(dǎo)；最后再按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確、清晰地予以表達(dá)。下面舉三個簡單長句翻譯的例子來說明：

1． The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.這是一個簡單長句，其主干為The Buyers may?lodge a claim?。

修飾謂語動詞的狀語有三個，a.分別表示時間within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination

b.方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和

c.目的for short-weight

而且狀語中還有狀語，作定語的分詞issued還有自己的狀語by a reputable public surveyor。

眾多狀語，盡管在英語中的位置十分靈活，然而按照漢語的行文規(guī)范，方式狀語一般應(yīng)位于動詞之前；而有些狀語在譯文中可以靈活處理，例如本句中的時間狀語，可以提前至句首。因此，上句可譯成：

貨物抵達(dá)目的港15天內(nèi)，買方可以憑有信譽(yù)的公共檢驗員出示的檢驗證明向賣方提出短重索賠。

2.Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干為?the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price?to the Seller，其中含有一個時間狀語within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

從語用的角度來看，商務(wù)合同中許多時間狀語表示的是某一締約方必須在何時何地承擔(dān)某一義務(wù)和享有某一種權(quán)利，即時效性。因此整個句子的重心不是句子的動詞，而是發(fā)生動作的時間。

在 譯成中文時，為了突出行為的時效性，時間狀語應(yīng)盡量靠近表示義務(wù)責(zé)任的關(guān)鍵詞“須”。此句中還含有一個較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語by opening an irrevocable L/C?，其中含有三個介詞短語作定語修飾an irrevocable L/C。按照漢語的行文規(guī)范，方式狀語一般應(yīng)位于動詞之前。

此外，若動詞同時帶有時間狀語和方式狀語時，英文的通常順序是方式在前，時間在后，而漢語卻正好與之相反，為方式在后，時間在前。因此本句可譯成：

買方須于本合同簽字并生效后30天內(nèi)通過出口地銀行開立以賣方為收益人的不可撤銷信用證支付全部貨款計30 000美元。

3.The Equipment and Material shall be carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material so as to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.此 句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜但包含一個較為復(fù)雜的方式狀語。從語用特征的角度來看，方式狀語通常都是規(guī)定性的，其作用是規(guī)定合約方履行某項義務(wù)必須采取的方式或手段，在合同的語言環(huán)境下，即使有關(guān)締約方履行了合同規(guī)定的義務(wù)，但若其履行義務(wù)的方式與合同規(guī)定的方式不符，乃構(gòu)成違約。因此，方式狀語的作用通常都是 比較重要的。本句可譯成：

設(shè)備和原料須根據(jù)其形狀和特點以完善而牢固的方式精心妥當(dāng)?shù)匕b，包裝須適合于長途海、陸運(yùn)輸，能經(jīng)受多次裝卸。

☆英文合同中并列長句的翻譯技巧

由 于撰寫合同時不能遺漏任何可能情況，所以英文商務(wù)合同中往往有大量并列成分。這些并列成分包括并列的詞、短語以及從句。從語用角度看，并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)使合同的句式平衡，表意完整。在翻譯由兩個或兩個以上的并列單句構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜長句時可以采用分句譯法。并列長句的分句之間的語義關(guān)系比較松散，因此翻譯時可以斷 開，分解成單句獨立存在。例如：

The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.此句由兩個結(jié)構(gòu)相同的并列分句組成，均為主句在前，條件狀語在后，在兩個條件狀語中均含有時間狀語，此外，兩個并列分句中也都含有時間 狀語，均為within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination，譯成中文時，條件狀語應(yīng)分別置于主句之前，而所有的時間狀語均放在各自修飾的動詞的前面。同時，為了符合漢語句式較短的特點，可以將兩個并列分句斷開，分解成兩個單句，即譯成：

若貨物經(jīng)中國商品檢驗局復(fù)檢后發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量與本合同之規(guī)定不符，買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出索賠。若經(jīng)中國商品檢驗局復(fù)檢發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量與提單所示重量不符，買方有權(quán)于貨物抵達(dá)目的港后的60天內(nèi)向賣方提出短重索賠。

☆商務(wù)合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法

由于合同的嚴(yán)肅，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，嚴(yán)密性，導(dǎo)致復(fù)合句的應(yīng)用較多，而結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句的翻譯恰是保證整體翻譯效果和準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵。通常遇到此類句型，譯員應(yīng)在在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成分的基礎(chǔ)上，采用順序法、逆序法及分譯法翻譯進(jìn)行翻譯的策略。

英文合同句型翻譯技巧匯總 英文合同中使用的大量長句，主要分為三大類：簡單長句、復(fù)合長句和并列長句。在翻譯這些長句時，首先要正確理解各種相關(guān)成分的邏輯關(guān)系，然后再適當(dāng)切分，理出句子的主干成分。最后再按漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，變動語序，重新組合。這樣才能連貫、準(zhǔn)確

一、要翻譯好結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，首先要了解商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點

作為法律文 書，商務(wù)合同規(guī)定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，合同文字的表達(dá)必須完整、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、明晰。而英語的復(fù)合句，可以包含多個從句。從句之間的關(guān)系可能包容、限定，也可能并列平行，因此，在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來，確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，以及文意的嚴(yán) 密、細(xì)致。但是復(fù)合句中往往包含若干從句、修飾語等等，有時會顯得臃腫、晦澀，無疑會增加理解英文合同的難度，與此同時也增加了合同翻譯的難度。

二、要掌握商務(wù)英文合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法

商務(wù)合同中英文復(fù)合句的出現(xiàn)頻率高，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，邏輯性強(qiáng)，無疑給譯者增添了許多困難，但是，無論多長的句子，多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，找出整個句子的中心內(nèi)容及各層意思，然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再按漢語的特點和表達(dá)方式組織譯文就可以保證合同翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。

合同復(fù)合句的分析方法具體要遵循以下步驟：

首先，譯者要找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，即句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)

其次，要找出句子中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

然后再分析從句和短句的功能，即：是否是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或狀語從句等，以及詞、短語和從句之間的關(guān)系。

最后，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入語等其他成分。下面舉一個實例說明

例：If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.分析：

第一步，拆分句子：此長句可拆分為四個意義段，分別是

1)If a Party breaches ?in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2)then in addition to ?Applicable laws

3）it shall indemnify and ?costs, expenses, liabilities and claims

4)that such Party or ?as a result of such breach.第二步，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析：

1.句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語（It）（情態(tài)動詞 動詞原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnified?against）賓語（the other Party and the Company）。

2.“if”引導(dǎo)的是條件從句，條件句的賓語部分跟隨后置定語（given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2）。

3.“in addition to”引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分，其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語（available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable laws）。

4.而“that”引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語修飾緊鄰的五個名詞。

5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb.Against ?”使某人不受??

根據(jù)以上分析，以及漢語的行文習(xí)慣（條件在前.結(jié)果在后，以及定語在所修飾的核心詞之前），以上條款可翻譯為:

如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18．1條或18．2條所做的陳述及擔(dān)?；蛑厥?，則另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外，違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開支、責(zé)任或索賠。

第五篇：合同翻譯

一.hereby 英文釋義:by means of , by reason of this 中文譯詞:特此,因此,茲

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開頭語；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時也可用。語法：一般置于主語后,緊鄰主語.例1：

The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of themanner prescribed by the Contract.參考譯文: 業(yè)主特此立約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi),按合同規(guī)定的方式向承包人支付合同價,或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項工程中缺陷的報酬。注釋:(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v.make a formal agreement 立約,簽訂合同、條約;n.legal agreement具有法律約束的正式合同(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同總價,指工程的總造價(6)such...as: 關(guān)系代詞,相當(dāng)于that, which(7)under: in accordance with 根據(jù),按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同條款 例2：

We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all availablesupplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know據(jù)我們所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述聲明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在聲明中（5）documentary proof：證明文件 參考譯文：

特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明內(nèi)容真實，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要例3：

This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between

Co.(hereinafter referred to as Party A)andas Party B)on

(Date), in

(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through 注釋：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下稱甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上（4）through amicable consultation：通過友好協(xié)商 參考譯文： 本合同雙方，公司（以下稱甲方）與

公司（以下稱乙方），在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，通過友好協(xié)商，于

年點），特簽訂本合同。例4：

This agreement is hereby made and entered into on

(Date), by and between

Co.China(hereinaCo.(hereinafter referred to as Party B).注釋：

（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此訂立本協(xié)議

在法律文件中表示“訂立本協(xié)議”可用以下4個動詞：sign(make, conclude or enter into)this agreement, 按照述4個動詞中的兩個來表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下簡稱乙方 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議特由中國

公司（以下簡稱甲方）與

公司（以下簡稱乙方）于

****年**月**日訂立。

二

hereof 英文釋義: of this 中文譯詞:關(guān)于此點；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的??”時，使用該詞。例如表示本合同條件、條款時，可以說“thehereof”，這里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，這語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。hereof和thereof的區(qū)別：hereof強(qiáng)調(diào)“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”中“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1 Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not, the owner of the goods shall, without interruSundays and holidays(if required by the carrier), supply and take delivery of the goods.Provided that the ownall losses or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.注釋：

（1）Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clause or not：不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，w（2）the owner of the goods：貨方（3）without interruption：無間斷地（4）carrier：承運(yùn)人

（5）in default on the provisions hereof：違反本款規(guī)定 hereof：of this Clause 參考譯文：

不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨方都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承運(yùn)人需要），無間斷地提供和提引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。例2 Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legas are engaged in foreign trade dealings.注釋：

（1）foreign trade dealers：對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者（2）as mentioned in this Law：本法所稱

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）legal entity：法人

（5）be engaged in foreign trade dealings：從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動 參考譯文：

本法所稱對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動的法人和其他組織。例3 The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with the conditicompany complying with the conditions and provisions hereof may be registered as a limited liability companyProvided that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in queslimited liability company or a company limited by shares.注釋：

（1）a limited liability company：有限責(zé)任公司（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司（3）provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof: of this Law（4）may be registered as：登記為 參考譯文：

設(shè)立有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司，必須符合本法規(guī)定的條件。符合本法規(guī)定的條件的，登記為有限責(zé)任公司或定的條件的，不得登記為有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司。例4 If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, anothwith the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.注釋：

（1）as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因（2）arbitrator：仲裁員

（3）the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法規(guī)定（4）be selected or appointed：選定或指定 參考譯文：

仲裁員因回避或者其它原因不能履行職責(zé)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法規(guī)定重新選定或指定仲裁員。例5 In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to the effective datethis Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.注釋：

（1）conflict：相抵觸

（2）prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前

（3）the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法為準(zhǔn) hereof：of this Law 參考譯文：

本法施行前制定的有關(guān)仲裁的規(guī)定與本法的規(guī)定相抵觸的，以本法為準(zhǔn)。例6 Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s)specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of this Law is /arecompensatory obligations shall pay compensation in any of the circumstance in question.Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified in Artithe demanded organization refuses to make the confirmation, the claimant shall have the right to lodge a comcompensation, the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures of compensation.注釋：

（1）the organization with compensatory obligations：賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)（2）shall pay compensation：應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償（3）the claimant for compensation：賠償請求人

（4）Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五條、第十六條 hereof：of this Law（5）shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有權(quán)申訴（6）claims compensation：要求賠償

（7）apply to/ in：適用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here./That argument does not applleast nine-tenths of the people we see about./These remarks apply to every town in this kingdom./The rules 參考譯文：

賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)對依法確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定的情形之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償。

賠償請求人要求確認(rèn)有本法第十五條、第十六條規(guī)定情形之一的，被要求的機(jī)關(guān)不予確認(rèn)的，賠償請求人有權(quán)申先向賠償義務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)提出。賠償程序適用本法第十條、第十一條、第十二條的規(guī)定。例7 If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law, and if it is serious, o58 hereof, the arbitrator in question shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility.remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.注釋：

（1）arbitrator：仲裁員

（2）Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八條 hereof：of this Law（3）bear the legal liability and responsibility：承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任（4）the arbitration commission：仲裁委員會

（5）remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：將其除名 參考譯文：

仲裁員有本法第三十四條第四項規(guī)定的情形，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的，或者有本法第五十八條第六項規(guī)定的情形的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依當(dāng)將其除名。例8 If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail to grant approval to requirements and provisions hereof, or the company registration authorities fail to register a companrequirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration or bring an注釋：

（1）the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門（2）meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法條件（3）the company registration authorities：負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門（4）the requirements hereof：本法條件 hereof: of this Law（5）apply for reconsideration：申請復(fù)議

（6）bring an administrative suit：提起行政訴訟 參考譯文：

依照本法，履行審批職責(zé)的有關(guān)主管部門，對符合本法條件的申請不予批準(zhǔn)，或負(fù)責(zé)公司登記的主管部門不予登者提起行政訴訟。例9 This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staffthan limited liability companies and companies limited by shares.注釋：

（1）the crimes committed：犯罪行為

（2）against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定 hereof: o參考譯文： 有限責(zé)任公司、股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條、第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決例10 Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance with Lawsregulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard OShares” issued by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.Those companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified time limiSpecific methods for implementation of this Law will be set out in separate regulations issued by the State Co注釋：

（1）companies registered：已登記成立的公司

（2）the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限責(zé)任公司規(guī)范意見》（3）the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司規(guī)范意見》（4）the relevant responsible department of the State Council國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門（5）in separate regulations issued by the State Council：由國務(wù)院另行規(guī)定 參考譯文：

本法施行前已登記成立的公司，應(yīng)依照法律、行政法規(guī)、地方性法規(guī)和國務(wù)院有關(guān)主管部門制定的《有限責(zé)任司規(guī)范意見》，繼續(xù)保留。其中不完全具備本法規(guī)定的條件的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)達(dá)到本法規(guī)定的條件。具體例11 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene the prdamaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order注釋：

（1）unfair competition：不正當(dāng)競爭（2）business operators：經(jīng)營者

（3）contravene the provisions hereof：違反本法規(guī)定 the provisions hereof：本法規(guī)定 hereof：of this Law（4）the lawful rights and interests：合法權(quán)益

（5）disturbing the socio-economic order：擾亂社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 參考譯文：

本法所稱的不正當(dāng)競爭，是指經(jīng)營者違反本法規(guī)定，損害其他經(jīng)營者的合法權(quán)益，擾亂社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的行為。

三 hereto 英文釋義: to this 中文譯詞:至此，在此上。

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的??本文件的??”時，使用該詞。例如表示“本合同雙方”，可以說“t表示“to this Contract”；表示“本協(xié)議附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，這里hereto表示“to this Agr語法：一般置于要修飾的名詞的后面，與之緊鄰。

hereto和thereto的區(qū)別：同前面所言hereof和thereof的區(qū)別類似，hereto強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“to this”。

例1 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settledthrough negotiations, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied.Thefinal and binding upon the Parties hereto.The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otheCommission.注釋：（1）the performance of this Contract：履行本合同（2）through amicable negotiations：友好協(xié)商

（3）the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同雙方（4）shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交進(jìn)行仲裁

（5）the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委（6）the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁規(guī)則（7）the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁決

（8）unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外 參考譯文：

對于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議，本合同雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無法解決爭議，則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方都有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會 例2 “Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned ofuture by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred dContract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of CParties hereto.注釋：

（1）patented technology：專利技術(shù)（2）patent：專利

（3）application for the patent：專利申請

（4）may have the right to control：可能有權(quán)控制的

（5）permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓

（6）Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品 hereto: to this Contra參考譯文：

“專利技術(shù)”，系指乙方目前擁有的或未來獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有權(quán)控制的，或在本合同有效期間在世界可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請。

例3 “Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineinformation relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products, including drawings, bluspecifications, photographs, photostats and general data, and design and their specifications relating to mafacilities.Provided that the above-mentioned information shall be such information as is only available to Partyoperation of Party A under this Contract.注釋：

（1）technical documents：技術(shù)資料（2）the data and the information：資料（3）engineering：工程（4）manufacturing：制造

（5）original information：原始資料（6）blueprint：藍(lán)本

（7）design sheets：設(shè)計圖表

（8）material specifications：材料規(guī)格（9）photostats：影印資料（10）general data：一般資料

（11）design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities：與制造設(shè)備、工參考譯文：

“技術(shù)資料”系指列于附件1與制造和維修合同產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的工程、制造及原始資料，包括與制造設(shè)備、工具和裝材料規(guī)格、照片、影印資料和一般資料、設(shè)計及其說明書等，但上述資料僅限于乙方擁有的資料和甲方用于本合 例4 If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the writtenSub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the mater in question.The specific contents and procedure ofAppendix 4 hereto.注釋：

（1）audit the accounts of Party A：查核甲方的帳目（2）Sub-Clause 3.4 of this Contract：本合同第3.4款

（3）the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts：其具體的查帳內(nèi)容和程序（4）Appendix 4 hereto：本合同附件4 hereto：to this Contract 參考譯文：

乙方如需查核甲方的帳目時，應(yīng)在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款規(guī)定開出的書面通知后10天之內(nèi)通知甲方，其同附件4。

例5 The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall, immediately and fully, notify the other Pcomprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design as the Party in question may discover, manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof.The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may, at its own expense and its owPatent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same, and any patent arising therefrom shall belong tParty may, during the effective period hereof, make use of, and sell products utilizing such improvement, design(whether patented or un-patented)without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this a注釋：

（1）either Party hereto：本協(xié)議各方（不譯成“one Party hereto）。

（2）improvement, modification, further invention or design：改進(jìn)、修正、更新本發(fā)明或設(shè)計（3）discover, make or develop：開發(fā)

（4）manufacture and assembly of the Licensed Products or components thereof：生產(chǎn)及裝配許可證產(chǎn)品或（5）file application for Letter Patent：申請專利

（6）take other necessary legal steps to protect the same：其它必要的法律保護(hù)程序 the same: Letter Pate（7）any patent arising therefrom：由此產(chǎn)生的專利（8）consistent with this agreement：與本協(xié)議不相矛盾 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議各方同意，一方對于有關(guān)生產(chǎn)及裝配許可證產(chǎn)品或部件所做的改進(jìn)、修正、更新發(fā)明或設(shè)計均應(yīng)立即全部以自負(fù)費(fèi)用并以自身名義申請專利或采取其它必要的法律保護(hù)程序，由此產(chǎn)生的專利將屬于該方所有。在本協(xié)議議不相矛盾的方式無償使用和銷售利用改進(jìn)、修正、更新本發(fā)明或設(shè)計（無論其是否取得專利權(quán)）生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。例6 The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM certain license and technical assistance Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y shall be deemed to be an att(hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance Agreement”).注釋：

（1）certain license and technical assistance for manufacturing Products：有關(guān)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的許可證和技術(shù)服務(wù)（2）the technical assistance agreement：技術(shù)服務(wù)協(xié)議

（3）Appendix 2 hereto：本協(xié)議附件2 hereto：to this Agreement 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議雙方同意Y將向FCAM提供有關(guān)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的許可證和技術(shù)服務(wù)，F(xiàn)CAM和Y將訂立技術(shù)服務(wù)協(xié)議并作為務(wù)協(xié)議”）。

例7 The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to the maximum extent practicably possiblesuch data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the Parties hereto, and thaaccounting and financial records and books available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto.注釋：

（1）to the maximum extent practicably possible：盡實際可能最大限度地（2）data on management and financial information：管理和財務(wù)信息材料

（3）prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books：建好會計和財務(wù)帳目

（4）available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto：以備本協(xié)議各方的檢查或?qū)徲?either Party heret本協(xié)議雙方 inspection：檢查 audit：審計 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議雙方同意保證FCAM將盡實際可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式樣，用于FCAM向協(xié)議各方提供管應(yīng)建好會計和財務(wù)帳目以備協(xié)議雙方的檢查或?qū)徲嫛?/p>

例8 The Parties to this Agreement agree that the Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto to adminisresponsible for approving the overall business management plan of the company, and monitoring the exProvided that the business management plan in question shall be submitted to the Parties hereto for review a注釋：

（1）Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto：本協(xié)議雙方授權(quán)的董事會 hereto：to this Agreem（2）to administrate or manage FCAM：管理FCAM administrate：行政管理 manage：業(yè)務(wù)管理（3）the overall business management plan of the company：公司整體經(jīng)營計劃（4）monitor the execution of the plan in question：監(jiān)督該計劃的執(zhí)行（5）review and approval：審閱和批準(zhǔn) 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議雙方同意授權(quán)管理FCAM的董事會對公司整體經(jīng)營計劃的報批和監(jiān)督執(zhí)行負(fù)責(zé)。該經(jīng)營計劃需要提交協(xié) 例9 The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cause FCAM to agree, that Y will sell to FCAM, and FCAM wilmachinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation by and between Y and FCAM ftechnical know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the Technical Assistance Agreement at such prices and on determined by and between the Parties hereto.注釋：

（1）specialized machinery and equipment：特定機(jī)器設(shè)備 equipment：（單數(shù)形式）設(shè)備（2）determined through mutual consultation：協(xié)商決定

（3）the effective utilization of the technical know-how：有效使用技術(shù)訣竅（4）terms and conditions：條件

（5）(such?)as：作關(guān)系代詞，意為which, that 參考譯文：

本協(xié)議雙方同意并將使FCAM同意Y將向FCAM出售，F(xiàn)CAM從Y購買經(jīng)過Y和FCAM協(xié)商決定的特定機(jī)器由Y向FCAM提供的技術(shù)訣竅得到有效使用，并以協(xié)議雙方同意的價格和條件成交。

例10 The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing betwexpiration of the validity of the Contract and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable for paying the outstandi注釋：

（1）the termination of this Contract：本合同期滿（2）outstanding claims and liabilities：未了債務(wù)（3）debtor：債務(wù)人（4）creditor：債權(quán)人 參考譯文：

本合同期滿時，雙方之間發(fā)生的未了債務(wù)不受合同期滿的影響，債務(wù)人應(yīng)向債權(quán)人繼續(xù)支付未了債務(wù)