第一篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語總結(jié)

術(shù)語翻譯：

1、復(fù)式記賬double-entrybookkeeping2、會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)accounting cycle3、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表financial statement4、會(huì)計(jì)恒等式accounting equation5、留存收益retainedearning6、凈利潤凈損失net income/ net loss7、原始憑證source document8、日記賬（普通特種）general / special journal9、分類賬（總明細(xì)）general /subsidiary ledger10、試算平衡表trial balance11、調(diào)整分錄adjusting entries12、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表附注 notes to the financial statements13、權(quán)益融資 equity financing14、債務(wù)融資 debt financing15、financial and security institution 金融和證券機(jī)構(gòu)

16、Accounting Standards For Business Enterprise企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

17、短期償債能力short-term liquidity18、長期償債能力long-term solvency19、資本結(jié)構(gòu) capital structure20、壞賬準(zhǔn)備 provision for bad debts21、融資租入固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets financed by leasing22、流動(dòng)負(fù)債current liabilities23、construction in progress 在建工程

24、goods in process 在產(chǎn)品

25、deferred tax on debit/credit 遞延稅款/借款款項(xiàng)

26、accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款

27、notes receivable 應(yīng)收票據(jù)

28、advances from customers 預(yù)收賬款

29、paid-in capital 實(shí)收資本

30、capital reserve資本公積

31、surplus reserve盈余公積

32、undistributed profit未分配利潤

33、accrual-based accounting 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制

34、cash-based accounting 現(xiàn)金收付制

35、先進(jìn)先出法（FIFO）first in first out36、后進(jìn)先出法（LIFO）last in first out37、加權(quán)平均法weighted average38、成本與市價(jià)孰低法（LCM）lower of cost and market39、lower of the carrying amount and recoverable amount 可收回金額與賬面金額孰低

40、成本法 cost method41、權(quán)益法 equity method42、issue a bond at a premium/discount 折價(jià)/溢價(jià)發(fā)行

43、本金 principal44、（債券的）票面價(jià)值face value45、殘值residual value46、累計(jì)折扣 accumulated depreciation47、銷售退回 return of sales48、銷售折讓 sales allowance49、銷售折扣 sales discount50、計(jì)劃成本法 planned costing51、定額成本法 norm costing52、成本差異 cost variance53、營業(yè)外支出 non-operating expense54、所得稅 income tax55、投資損失（收益）investment loss（profit）

56、ROA資產(chǎn)收益率

57、ROE投資報(bào)酬率

58、ROI投資收益率

59、P/E ratio 每股市價(jià)/每股盈余

60、M/B value 市場(chǎng)價(jià)值與賬面價(jià)值的比例

61、EPS 每股盈余

62、working capital 營運(yùn)資本

63、EBIT息稅前利潤

64、capital gains 資本利得

65、market equilibrium 市場(chǎng)均衡

66、CAPM 資本資產(chǎn)定價(jià)模型capital assets pricing model67、capital cost 資本成本

68、貼現(xiàn)率discount rate69、業(yè)務(wù)憑證business document70、過賬 post71、固定資產(chǎn)減值準(zhǔn)備provision for impairment loss on fixed assets72、系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)system risk73、marketable security 可出售債券

74、共同比報(bào)表 common-size statement75、獨(dú)資 the sole proprietorship

句子與段落翻譯

1、Double-entry accounting is an old universally accepted system for recording accounting data.With double-entry accounting each transaction is recorded in a way that maintains the equality of the basic accounting equation: Assets =liabilities, + OwnersEquity.To summarize, the following are the important features of double entry accounting:

(1)Assets are increased(增加)by debits(借方)and decreased by credits(貸方).(2)Liabilities and owners, equity accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits.(3)Owners’equity for a corporation include capital stock accounts and the retained earnings account。

(4)Revenues，expenses，and dividends relate to owners’equity through the retained earnings accounts.(5)Expenses and dividends are increased by debits and decreased by credits because owners equity.(6)Revenues are increased by credit and decreased by debits.(7)The difference between total and revenues and total expenses for a period is net income(loss),which increase(decrease)owners equity through retained earnings.復(fù)式記賬法是一種古老而被廣泛接受的會(huì)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)。復(fù)式記賬能確保每項(xiàng)交易的記錄都不影響會(huì)計(jì)基本恒等式的平衡：

資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益

總的來說，復(fù)式記賬具有以下一些重要特點(diǎn)：

（1）資產(chǎn)增加計(jì)入借方，減少計(jì)入貸方。

（2）負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益賬戶增加計(jì)入貸方，減少計(jì)入借方。

（3）一家公司的所有者權(quán)益包括股票資本賬戶和留存收益賬戶。

（4）收入、費(fèi)用及股利通過留存收益賬戶與所有者權(quán)益相聯(lián)系。

（5）費(fèi)用和股利增加計(jì)入借方，減少計(jì)入貸方，因?yàn)樗鼈冇绊懰姓邫?quán)益。

（6）收入增加計(jì)入貸方，減少計(jì)入借方。

（7）每期收入總額與費(fèi)用總額之差為凈利潤（損失），其透過留存收益增加（減少）所有者權(quán)益。

2、Depreciation is the process of computing expenses from allocating the cost of plant and equipment（long-term assets）over their expected useful lives in the production of revenues.Adjusting entries for depreciation expenses involve increasing(debiting)depreciation expenses and a subtraction and thus used to record the declining asset balance.The plant and equipment account is not credited for depreciation.折舊是在工廠設(shè)備(長期資產(chǎn))預(yù)期可創(chuàng)造收入的使用年限內(nèi),對(duì)其成本進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)攤銷的過程,針對(duì)折舊費(fèi)用的調(diào)整分錄為增加(借記)折舊費(fèi)用,增加(貸記)一個(gè)稱為“累計(jì)折舊”的專門賬戶，累計(jì)折舊屬于資產(chǎn)備抵賬戶，它作為資產(chǎn)的減項(xiàng)用以記錄資產(chǎn)余額的減損，廠場(chǎng)設(shè)備賬戶是不貸記折舊。

3、Financial reports are final products of accounting calculation.They are the written documents summarizing and reflecting the financial position and operating results of an enterprise, including a balance sheet, an income statement, a cash flow statement together with notes to the financial statements, and explanatory statement on financial condition.財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告是會(huì)計(jì)核算的最終產(chǎn)品,是匯總反映企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)狀況和經(jīng)營成果的書面文件,包括資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、利潤表、現(xiàn)金流量表以及一些補(bǔ)充表格，報(bào)表附注和有關(guān)財(cái)務(wù)情況的解釋性報(bào)表。

4、An income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise within an accounting period，as well as the distribution.The purpose for preparing the income statement is to provide users within accounting information on the operating results of the business.Functions of the income statement are as follow : to help explain, evaluate andpredict the operating results and profitability of a business ；to help explain，evaluate and predict

solvency；to help the management make operating decision；to evaluate the managements performance.利潤表是反映企業(yè)某一會(huì)計(jì)期間,經(jīng)營成果及其分配的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表.編制利潤表的目的是為了向使用者提供有關(guān)企業(yè)經(jīng)營成果的會(huì)計(jì)信息,利潤表的功能包括:幫助解釋、評(píng)價(jià)、預(yù)測(cè)長期償債能力，幫助管理層進(jìn)行經(jīng)營決策，幫助評(píng)價(jià)管理層的業(yè)績。

5、Notwithstanding its usefulness，the balance sheet has some serious limitations.External users often need to know a company sworth.The balance sheet, however, does not generally reflect the current value of a business.Actually, many assets are reported at historical cost.which is usually less than market value, and other assets are not included in the balance sheet at all, accordingly, the balance sheet numbers are often a very poor reflection of what a company is worth.A related problem with the balance sheet is the instability of the measurement currency.An additional limitation of the balance sheet is that all companies do not classify and report all like items similarly.盡管資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表很有用，但也有一些嚴(yán)重的缺陷，外部使用者經(jīng)常需要知道一家公司的價(jià)值，但是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表一般并不反映企業(yè)的當(dāng)前價(jià)值，實(shí)際上，許多資產(chǎn)通常是按低于市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的歷史成本報(bào)告的，而另一些資產(chǎn)甚至都沒有包括在表內(nèi)，因此，通常資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表數(shù)字幾乎不反映公司的價(jià)值。與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表相關(guān)的一個(gè)問題是計(jì)價(jià)貨幣的不穩(wěn)定性。另一個(gè)缺陷是沒有做到所有公司對(duì)于相似的項(xiàng)目都采用類似的方法進(jìn)行分類和報(bào)告。

6、Based on the information from financial statement，we can calculate many financial ratios to provide information about following areas of financial performance：（1）short-term Liquidity，（2）long-term solvency and capital structure，（3）profitability，（4）efficiency，（5）growth，and（6）market value

財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的來的信息的基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以計(jì)算很多財(cái)務(wù)比率來給以下財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域提供信息

（1）短期償債能力（2）長期償債能力和資本結(jié)構(gòu)（3）盈余能力（4）效率（5）增長率（6）市場(chǎng)價(jià)值

7、The value of a stock is equal to the stream of cash payments discounted at the rate of return that investors expect to receive on securities。Common stocks do not have a fixed cash payments consist of an indefinite stream of dividends。The present

tvalue of acommon stock is PV=DIVt/（1+r）

股票價(jià)值等于按投資者預(yù)期從可比證券上獲得的回報(bào)率貼現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)金流出，普通股沒有固定的到期日，其現(xiàn)金支付由無限期的股利流組成，因此普通股的現(xiàn)值等于

8、The risk of an investment is best judged in a portfolio context.Most investors do not put all their eggs into one basket.They diversify.Thus the effective risk of any security cannot be judged by an examination of that security alone.Part of the uncertainty about the security s return is “diversified away” when the security is grouped with others in a portfolio.投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最好在投資組合中予以確定,大多數(shù)投資者不會(huì)把雞蛋放在同一個(gè)籃子里,他們會(huì)分散投資,因此僅靠對(duì)單個(gè)證券的體驗(yàn)并不能判斷出該證券的有效風(fēng)險(xiǎn).如果某一證券與其他證券組成投資組合,則該證券收益的不確定性將被部分”分散掉”.9、Beta measures the amount that investors expected the stock price to change for each additional 1 percent change in the market.The average beta of all stocks is 1.0.A stock with a beta greater than 1 is unusually sensitive to market movements;a stock with a beta below 1 is unusually insensitive to market.Thus a diversified portfolio invested in stocks with a beta of 2.0 will have twice the risk of a diversified portfolio with a beta of 1.0.β衡量了市場(chǎng)每增加變動(dòng)百分之一時(shí)投資者預(yù)期股價(jià)將變化的大小,所用股票的β平均值為1.0,貝塔值超過1的股票對(duì)市場(chǎng)的變化異常敏感,而貝塔值低于1的股票對(duì)市場(chǎng)的變化就不那么敏感.因此貝塔為2.0的股票組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是貝塔為1.0的股票組合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的兩倍.10、The basic principles of portfolio selection boil down to a commonsense statement that investors try to increase the expected return on their portfolio and to reduce the standard deviation of that return.A Portfolio that gives the highest expected return for a given standard deviation, or the lowest standard deviation for a given expected return, is known as an efficient portfolio.投資組合選擇的基本原則歸結(jié)為一種常識(shí)性的說法是，投資和力圖提高其投資組的期望并減少該收益的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，有效投資組合是那些特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差下具有最高期望收益或特定期望收益與下具有最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的投資組合。

簡答題

1、what are the two formats of balance sheet and the two formats of income statement separately？資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的兩種形式是什么?

The fundamental forms of balance sheet include account form and report form

An account form of balance sheet has two sides.The left side shows items of assets, the right side shows items of liabilities and owner s equity.It looks a “T” account, it is based on the equation stated as “assets=liabilities + owner s equity” The report form of the balance sheet states items of assets, liabilities and owner s equity horizontally, where assets are stated on the upper part of the balance sheet, liabilities and owner s equity on the lower part.It is based on the equation stated as “assets-liabilities=owner s equity”

2、How to calculate the following financial ratios? Please write down the formulas.如何計(jì)算下列財(cái)務(wù)比率,寫出他們的公式

Current ratio=total current assets/total current liabilities

流動(dòng)比率=流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)總額/流動(dòng)負(fù)債總額

Quick ratio=quick assets/total current liabilities

速動(dòng)比率=速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)/速動(dòng)負(fù)債總額

Accounts receivable turnover=sales/accounts receivable

應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率=銷售收入/平均應(yīng)收賬款

Days inventory=days in period/inventory turnover

平均收賬期=天數(shù)/存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率

Debt ratio=total debt/total assets

負(fù)債比率=總負(fù)債/總資產(chǎn)

Equity multiplier=total assets/total equity權(quán)益乘數(shù)=總資產(chǎn)/總權(quán)益

Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense

利息保障倍數(shù)=息稅前利潤/利息費(fèi)用

ROA=net income/average total assets

資產(chǎn)收益率=凈利潤/平均總資產(chǎn)

ROE=net income/average stockholder s equity

權(quán)益報(bào)酬率=凈利潤/平均股東權(quán)益

Net profit margin=net income/total operating revenue

Payout ratio=cash dividends/net income

Total asset turnover=sales/average total assets

P/E ratio=market price per share/EPS

市盈率=每股市價(jià)/每股盈余

M/B vale=market price per share/book value per share

市值與賬面值比=每股市價(jià)/每股賬面價(jià)值

3、How to decompose the ROA and ROE according to the DuPont System？

通過杜邦分析體系來分解ROA，ROE

ROE=profitability * efficiency * leverage

=ROS * asset turnover * asset-to-equity ratio

=net income/sales * sales/asset * asset/equity4、what is NPV? And what is the NPV rule？什么是凈現(xiàn)值法則？

NPV is present value plus any immediate cash flow

NPV rule：the financial manager cannot affect the interest rate but can increase,stockholders wealth.The way to do so is to invest in assets having

positive net present values

第二篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語邀請(qǐng)函

Letter of Invitation

在一般情況下，邀請(qǐng)有正式與非正式之分。非正式的邀請(qǐng)，通常是以口頭形式來表現(xiàn)的，書面形式的只寄給親朋好友或熟識(shí)的工作伙伴。相對(duì)而言，它顯得要隨便一些。正式的邀請(qǐng)，既講究禮儀，又要設(shè)法使被邀請(qǐng)者備忘，故此它多采用書面的形式，即禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的形式。

一、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的含義

禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函又稱禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)信、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)書，是禮儀活動(dòng)主辦方（單位、團(tuán)體或個(gè)人）邀請(qǐng)有關(guān)人員出席隆重的會(huì)議、典禮，參加某些重大活動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的禮儀性書面函件。

凡精心安排、精心組織的大型活動(dòng)與儀式，如宴會(huì)、舞會(huì)、紀(jì)念會(huì)、慶祝會(huì)、發(fā)布會(huì)、單位的開業(yè)儀式等等，只有采用禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函邀請(qǐng)佳賓，才會(huì)被人視之為與其檔次相稱。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函有自己的基本內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)及寫法上的一些要求。

二、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的基本內(nèi)容

1.讓客人知道活動(dòng)的“五W”：

1)Who is hosting the event?(誰是主辦人？)

不管主辦人是你的公司、某個(gè)個(gè)人或某個(gè)團(tuán)體，務(wù)必把主辦人寫出來。

2)What is the event?(什么活動(dòng)？)

清楚說明這個(gè)活動(dòng)的功能——募捐、開會(huì)、慶祝新品上市等。如果會(huì)有特別來賓演講或出席，或是有任何的特別活動(dòng)，也寫出來。提有趣的細(xì)節(jié)，吸引讀者參加。

3)Where is the event?（在哪里舉辦？）

在邀請(qǐng)函中告訴對(duì)方活動(dòng)舉辦的地址。你還可以附上交通指南，但是這部分要與邀請(qǐng)函分開，不要寫在邀請(qǐng)函上。

4)When is the event?(什么時(shí)候舉辦？)

清楚寫出活動(dòng)舉辦的日期與時(shí)間。

5)Why is the event being held and why is the reader being invited?

（為什么舉辦這個(gè)活動(dòng)？為什么邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方？）

說明舉辦這個(gè)活動(dòng)的原因——例如展示新產(chǎn)品，或是討論某個(gè)議題。此外，也說明為什 么你決定邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方——例如因?yàn)樗侵匾目蛻?，或者因?yàn)樗麑?duì)這個(gè)議題有深入的了解等。

2.說明回復(fù)期限和回復(fù)方式

在邀請(qǐng)函的末尾，清楚說明回回復(fù)的期限及回復(fù)的方式：郵寄、電子郵件、電話等。邀請(qǐng)函中請(qǐng)對(duì)方回復(fù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用語是RSVP，如“ Please RSVP by phone or email by December lOth.”(請(qǐng)?jiān)?2月1 0日前以電話或電子郵件回復(fù))。RSVP是法語，為“Repondez’s ilvous plait ” 的縮寫，相當(dāng)于英文中“請(qǐng)回復(fù)”（please respond)之意。

3.增加親切感

在稱呼的部分寫出對(duì)方的名字，不要只寫Dear Sir or Madam，有可能的話，親自在邀請(qǐng)函上簽名。稱呼或結(jié)尾敬辭的部分甚至可以自己手寫。

4.提供必要的交通、服裝或其他信息

想想你的客人會(huì)如何前來參加你的活動(dòng)。如果他們可能需要停車信息、旅館介紹或其他交通協(xié)助，可以附件的形式附上。

如果你的活動(dòng)有特殊印的著裝要求，記得在邀請(qǐng)函中寫出來。此外，客人可能還會(huì)有其他問題，例如可否偕伴參加等。盡量把客人可能想知道的信息提供完整。

三、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的特點(diǎn)

1.禮貌性強(qiáng)。邀請(qǐng)事務(wù)使用邀請(qǐng)函表示禮貌。禮貌性是禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的最顯著的特征和基本原則。這體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的完全的贊美肯定和固定的禮貌用語的使用上，強(qiáng)調(diào)雙方和諧友好的交往。

2.感情誠摯。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是為社交服務(wù)的專門文書，這使得它能夠單純地、充分地發(fā)散友好的感情信息，適宜于在特定的禮儀時(shí)機(jī)、場(chǎng)合，向禮儀對(duì)象表達(dá)專門誠摯的感情。

3.語言簡潔明了。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中常用的一種日常應(yīng)用寫作文種，要注意語言的簡潔明了，看懂就行，文字不要太多太深?yuàn)W。

4.適用面廣。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函使用于國際交往以及日常的各種社交活動(dòng)中，而且適用于單位、企業(yè)、個(gè)人，范圍非常廣泛。

四、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的結(jié)構(gòu)寫法

在應(yīng)用寫作中禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是非常重要的，尤其是社會(huì)交際空前廣泛和重要的當(dāng)代社會(huì)，寫好它可以說至關(guān)重要。對(duì)禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的寫法要注意格式和形式兩個(gè)方面。

首先是結(jié)構(gòu)上寫法類似公函。一般格式如下：

邀請(qǐng)函

尊敬的________________

您好!

___________單位將于____年____月____日在_________地，舉辦_____________活動(dòng)，特邀您參加，謝謝。

請(qǐng)看例文一：

邀請(qǐng)函

尊敬的×××教授：

我們學(xué)會(huì)決定于××年×月×日在省城××賓館舉辦民間文學(xué)理論報(bào)告會(huì)。恭請(qǐng)您就有關(guān)民間文學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展發(fā)表高見。務(wù)請(qǐng)撥冗出席。

順祝

健康!

××省文學(xué)研究會(huì)

聯(lián)系人：×××

××年×月×日

這是最常見的、標(biāo)題只以文種“邀請(qǐng)函”字樣出現(xiàn)的范例。

五、寫禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函要注意的事項(xiàng)

1．“邀請(qǐng)函”三字是完整的文種名稱，與公文中的“函”是兩種不同的文種，因此不宜拆開寫成“關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)出席×X活動(dòng)的函”。

2．被邀請(qǐng)者的姓名應(yīng)寫全，不應(yīng)寫綽號(hào)或別名。在兩個(gè)姓名之間應(yīng)該寫上“暨”或“和”，不用頓號(hào)或逗號(hào)。網(wǎng)上或報(bào)刊上公開發(fā)布的邀請(qǐng)函，由于對(duì)象不確定，可省略稱呼，或以“敬啟者”統(tǒng)稱。

3．嚴(yán)格遵守寫作格式，稱謂、邀請(qǐng)事由、具體內(nèi)容、活動(dòng)時(shí)間、活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)、相關(guān)事宜、聯(lián)系方式、落款等是必不可少的部分，不能丟漏信息。

4．邀請(qǐng)事項(xiàng)務(wù)必周詳，使邀請(qǐng)對(duì)象可以有準(zhǔn)備而來，也會(huì)使活動(dòng)舉辦的個(gè)人或單位減少一些意想不到的麻煩。

5．邀請(qǐng)函須提前發(fā)送，使受邀方有足夠的時(shí)問對(duì)各種事務(wù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌安排。

Sample 1

Dear Sirs,We are staging an important exhibitionin Shanghai Exhibition Centre from October l to October 7.We would like to invite your corporation to attend.Full details on the Fair will be sent in a week.We look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to attend.Yours faithfully,敬啟者：

我們將于10月1日至7日在上海展覽中心舉辦一次重要的商品展覽。我們邀請(qǐng)貴公司參加。展覽的詳細(xì)資料將于一周內(nèi)發(fā)出。

請(qǐng)盡快回復(fù)我們，并希望您能參加。

敬上

六．Functional Expressions:

Making invitations:

You are cordially invited to the dinner party.We’re having a get-together on our lawn next Saturday

It would give us a great pleasure to have your presence at the meeting

It would be very nice if you and your wife could come and spend the weekend with usGeorge and I would be pleased if you and John would have dinner with us at our home onSunday

We would be delighted if you could find the time to join us for a small party we are having at our office to celebrate the coming newyear.We do hope you can join us

It would be an honor to me if you would accept our invitation

If I don’t hear from you before then, I’ll be expecting you that day

We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your presence

Do say you’ll come

We would be very pleased if you could come

If the date and time suggested above is not convenient to you, please suggest an alternative

Accepting Invitations:

Thank you for your invitation to the launch of...I would be delighted to attend.Thank you for your invitation to Samantha’s wedding.We will be very pleased to attend.Thank you for your invitation to...I am happy to confirm my attendance.I would be delighted to come

I will be very happy to accept your kind invitation

Nothing can prevent me.I’ll be there on time

It is with great pleasure that we shall come to your wedding

Declining invitations:

How regretful to have to turn down your invitation

Please accept my sincere regrets for not being able to join you at your birthday party

We regret that we can’t make it because of a previous engagement

Unfortunately, the pressure of urgent business will not allow me to be present on this

festival occasion

But heavy official duties prevent me from having the pleasure to join theparty.For this I amawfully sorry

七．Exercises:

1.邀請(qǐng)朋友共進(jìn)午餐 Inviting a friend to informal luncheon

Dear [Zhang Ying]:

Will you come to luncheon on [Friday, May the fifth], at [twelve o’clock]?

My niece [Mary] is visiting us and I think you will enjoy meeting her.She is a charming, very pretty girl … and very good company![John and Jane] will be here, and perhaps we can

[give a dance] after luncheon.Do say you’ll come!

Affectionately yours,Li Ming

2.邀請(qǐng)朋友同他們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人一起共進(jìn)晚餐 Inviting friends to supper with the strangersDear [Susan]:

I know you are interested in [oil painting], so I’m sure you’ll be interested in [Mr.and Mrs.Lin dun]!They are coming here to supper [next Sunday night, October the twelfth], and we’d like you and [Walter] to come, too.[Mr.and Mrs.Lin Dun] are that very charming couple we met in [London] last summer.They have a wonderful collection of [oil paintings of various stages];and I understand that Mr.Lin Dun is quite an authority on [oil painting].I’m sure you and Walter will thoroughly enjoy and evening in their company.We’re planning supper at six;that will give us a nice long evening to talk.If I don’t hear from you before then, I’ll be expecting you on the [twelfth]!

Affectionately yours,Li Ming

6.Write an invitation letter.Invite a client, Karen Ellis, to the launch party for your new line of gaming systems.The party will be on Wednesday, June 3rd, 2009, at 6:30 pm.It will be held at your store.She may bring a guest.You would like her to RSVP by May 31st.Guests should bring this invitation letter to the

event.May 15th, 2009

Karen EllisNathan Road

Tsimshatsui, Kowfoon

Hong Kong

Dear Ms.Ellis:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第三篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語會(huì)議紀(jì)要

Meeting Minutes 一．Brief Introduction: Minutes are written as an accurate record of a group's meetings, and a record decision taken.They are useful because people can forget what was decided at a meeting if there is no written record of the proceedings.Minutes can also inform people who were not at the meeting about what took place.Before each meeting an agenda should be drawn up, detailing the matters to be discussed at the meeting.A set of minutes should normally include the following information: ·Name and topic of the meeting ·Time, date and place of meeting;·Chair/Host/Owner of the meeting ·List of people attending;·List of absent members of the group;·For each item in the agenda, a record of the principal points discussed and decisions taken;·Task List ·Whom will perform the tasks ·Deadlines ·Time, date and place of next meeting ·Name of person taking the minutes / Minutes Taker ·Topic for Discussion ·Voting Results ·Resolutions

二． 8 Tips for meeting minutes writing

會(huì)議紀(jì)要的8建議

1.根據(jù)會(huì)議議程表制定會(huì)議紀(jì)要大綱，并根據(jù)議題的討論順序做記錄。

2.在會(huì)議前向每位小組成員分發(fā)會(huì)議議程表，使每位成員都能對(duì)會(huì)議有所準(zhǔn)備。3.使用公司的固定格式。

4.提前根據(jù)議程表制定大綱，并預(yù)留足夠空間做筆記。當(dāng)一個(gè)議題記錄完畢，你可以迅速跳至下一個(gè)新議題。

5.會(huì)議紀(jì)要應(yīng)盡量簡短扼要。不要過于繁瑣。如果你想記下會(huì)議中的每句話，你可以考慮對(duì)會(huì)議錄音，并在會(huì)后使你的會(huì)議紀(jì)要更詳盡。

6.為了確保能準(zhǔn)確記錄各位與會(huì)者的發(fā)言，應(yīng)事先編寫一份座位表并請(qǐng)不熟悉的與會(huì)者做自我介紹。

7.應(yīng)在會(huì)后當(dāng)你的記憶還清晰的時(shí)候，盡快編寫會(huì)議紀(jì)要。在會(huì)議紀(jì)要分發(fā)給每位成員前，確保會(huì)議主席已批閱。

8.切忌，會(huì)議紀(jì)要只需記錄會(huì)議中的重要議程。過于繁瑣的信息應(yīng)排除在會(huì)議紀(jì)要外。

當(dāng)你在編寫會(huì)議紀(jì)要時(shí)，如果能遵照以上這些簡單的建議，英語會(huì)議中的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容將被很容易地記錄下來

三．Especially in language ·formal tone of voice;·Generally passive verb;

·Wording maximize the use of commonly used words.·A In terms of the language, the language with the more formal, more emerged is more formal.Such as: so-so(satisfactory)B.Avoid abbreviations：Corp(Corporation)

C.Avoid using the person terms: our idea(the company’s proposal)

D.passive voice

Sample 1：

Agenda for the meeting of a board of directors

XYZ COMPANY Meeting of the Board of Directors to be held On Wednesday, April 3, 2009 at 10: 15 A.M.in The Company Boardroom.AGENDA 1.Apologies for absence.2.Minutes of the meeting held on March 2, 2009.3.Points arising from minutes as read.4.Report by the Chairman(a copy of the report is attached to this agenda).5.Resolution.6.Date of next meeting.7.To transact any other business that may come before the meeting.董事會(huì)會(huì)議議程

XYZ公司

事會(huì)會(huì)議將于2009年4月3日星期三早上10:15在公司會(huì)議室舉行

議程

1．缺席說明。

2.2.2009年3月2日會(huì)議的紀(jì)要。3．以上紀(jì)要所產(chǎn)生的問題。

4．主席報(bào)告（本議程后附有報(bào)一份）。5．提議。

6．定下次會(huì)議日期。

7．處理下次會(huì)議之前的任何問題。

四．Glossary of terms used in meetings: advisory committee, consultative committee 顧問委員會(huì),咨詢委員會(huì) advisory opinion 顧問意見 adjourn 延會(huì) agenda 議程

alternate, substitute 副代表

Am I in order? 咱這樣做符合議程規(guī)定嗎? amendment 修正 appointment 任命 assembly 大會(huì) auditor 審計(jì)員 ballot 選票 banquet 酒宴

board of directors 董事會(huì) box supper 慈善餐會(huì)

budget committee 預(yù)算委員會(huì) buffet party 立食宴會(huì)

call to order 要求遵守秩序 casting vote 決定票 chairman 主席 clarification 澄清

closing speech 閉幕詞 closure 閉幕式

cocktail party 雞尾酒會(huì)

commemorative party 紀(jì)念宴會(huì) comment 評(píng)論

committee of experts 專家委員會(huì) committee, commission 委員會(huì) congress 代表大會(huì) consensus 意見

constitution, statutes 章程 consultant 顧問 convention 會(huì)議

dance(party), ball, fandango 舞會(huì) deadlock 僵局 decision 決定

declaration, statement 聲明

deputy director general 副局長,副處長 dinner party 晚餐會(huì)

director general 局長,處長 draft resolution 決議草案,提案 drafting committee 起草委員會(huì)

executive council, executive board 執(zhí)行委員會(huì) executive secretary 執(zhí)行秘書 factual report 事實(shí)報(bào)告 fancy ball 化妝舞會(huì) fancy fair 義賣場(chǎng) farewell party 惜別會(huì) final sitting 閉幕會(huì)

first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿

former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)full powers 全權(quán)

full-fledged member 全權(quán)代表 garden party 游園會(huì)

general committee, general officers, general bureau 總務(wù)委員會(huì) general debate 長時(shí)間的討論 governing body 主管團(tuán)體 hall 大會(huì)

head of delegation 代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長 honorary president 名譽(yù)主席 interim chairman 臨時(shí)主席 item on the agenda 議程項(xiàng)目 lie on the table 擱置 life member 終身成員

meeting in camera 秘密會(huì)議(美作:executive session)member as of right 法定代表 member 成員

membership 成員資格 memorandum 備忘錄 minutes, record 記錄 motivations 表明動(dòng)機(jī) motion 提議

notice board 布告牌 observer 觀察員 office 職務(wù) officials 官員

opening sitting 開幕會(huì) opening 開幕

operative part 生效部分 other business 其他事項(xiàng)

permanent delegate 常駐代表 plenary meeting 全會(huì) precis writer 記錄(員)presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席團(tuán) procedure 程序 proposal 建議 proxy 代理人

public gallery 旁聽席 quorum 法定人數(shù) rapporteur 文書,秘書 reading party 讀書會(huì)

receivability 可以接受,可接納 report 報(bào)告

representative 代表 五． Functional Expressions: 會(huì)議是現(xiàn)代商務(wù)中的重要一部分。它可以集思廣益、將公司的智慧集中起來。作為一名會(huì)議主持人，該怎樣做才能保證會(huì)議順利進(jìn)行呢？首先語言使用必須恰到好處。下面是一些主持會(huì)議的常用表達(dá)： ● 宣布會(huì)議開始

(1)Let’s call the meeting to order.(2)Let’s get things under way.(3)Let’s get things started.(4)Shall we begin? 如果與會(huì)者中有公司以外的人，可以這樣說：Well，ladies and gentlemen，I think we should begin.也可以采用半正式的說法：

(1)Perhaps we’d better get started / down to business.(2)All right, I think it’s about time we get started / going.(3)Right then, I think we should begin.較口語化的說法有：

(l)Let’s begin /get going, shall we?(2)Shall we start? ●揭示討論要點(diǎn)

(1)Let me bring your attention to(what I see as)the main issues.(2)Let’s focus on the main issues.(3)Let me tell you what I believe to be the main issues.(4)Allow me to set out the main issues for you.●請(qǐng)專人發(fā)言

(1)To address this issue, I’d like to call on…(2)To discuss this matter, I’d like to call on…(3)To shed some light on this, I’d like to call on…(4)To provide us with more detail, I’d like to call on…

以下為可供參考的表達(dá)法，注意每種表達(dá)法的正式程度：(1)發(fā)表意見：

It seems to me that…（較為正式）在我看來，似乎?? I think…（較為非正式）我認(rèn)為??

In my opinion.*.（非正式）我的意見是??(2)提出新的看法：

I’d like to suggest that we.*.（較為正式）我想建議我們?? Let’s?（較為非正式）讓我們??

Why don’t we?？（非正式）為什么我們不??？(3)不同意剛才的意見： I’m sorry，but I just can’t agree with you there.（較為正式）對(duì)不起，但我不同意你那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)?? J disagree.（較為非正式）我不同意?? No，because..（非正式）不對(duì)，因?yàn)??(4)詢問意見：

How do you feel about that idea?（較為正式）你對(duì)那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有何看法？ What do you think?（非正式）你怎么想的？

How do you feel about that?（較為非正式）你對(duì)此有什么感受？(5)同意剛才的意見：

I’d go along with you there.（較為正式）我同意你那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。I agree.（較為非正式）我同意。Sure.（非正式）當(dāng)然是那樣。(6)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)議程：

I suggest we move on to the next item?

（較為正式）我提議我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)議：程?? Let’s move on…（較為非正式）讓我們接下來??

Moving on to point two…（非正式）來看第二個(gè)觀點(diǎn)?? 7)不理解剛才的觀點(diǎn)：

Sorry, but I don’t quite follow you．（較為正式）對(duì)不起，但我沒有完全明白你的觀點(diǎn)。Sorry，l don’t understand.（較為非正式）對(duì)不起，我不明白。

Can you explain what you mean exactly?（非正式）你能解釋一下你的確切意思嗎？ 8)要求進(jìn)一步解釋：

Would you mind telling us a little more about..*？（較為正式）你介意再告訴我們 I’d like to know more about…（較為非正式）我想多了解一些關(guān)于??的情況。Tell us a little more about…（非正式）再告訴我們一些關(guān)于??的情況吧！(9)詢問是否全都同意：

Have we reached an agreement on this?（較為正式）我們對(duì)此達(dá)成共識(shí)了嗎？ Do we all agree?（較為非正式）我們大家都同意了嗎？ Is that OK with everyone?（非正式）大家都覺得可以嗎？

七． Exercises: 中翻英

董事會(huì)每月例會(huì)紀(jì)要

BZN公司

葦事會(huì)每月例會(huì)紀(jì)要，2009年IO月15日下午1:30在會(huì)議室舉行。出席：柯里蒂納·澤拉（主席）

羅恩·塞迪諾 托馬斯·科爾若 查爾斯·萊溫斯基 艾倫·諾瓦克 尼古拉斯，瑞恩 洛布特·沃格 缺席：麥克爾·菲拉斯

紀(jì)要：

2009年9月14日的會(huì)議紀(jì)要由洛布特·沃格宣讀，并得到通過。以下是對(duì)2009年8月16日會(huì)議紀(jì)要的補(bǔ)充。關(guān)于得利斯克及其合伙人公司提供管理咨詢的句子應(yīng)改成“雖然我們準(zhǔn)備接受服務(wù)的描述應(yīng)該只是鰛解釋悖性的，但是如果你們能提供一個(gè)建議，包括第一階的費(fèi)費(fèi)用和第二階段的費(fèi)用，BZN公司將不勝感謝”。

報(bào)告： 托馬斯·科爾若簡述了他和哈德遜視聽設(shè)備制造公司（哈德遜）的執(zhí)行總裁杰伊·茶斐遜的談話內(nèi)容，并表達(dá)了BZN公司對(duì)視聽設(shè)備的興趣。在美陡國、加拿大、英國和歐盟其他國家，在教室使用視聽設(shè)備是教育界的趨勢(shì)，并且數(shù)量有了顯著的增長。據(jù)北美和西歐教育界人士的預(yù)測(cè)，這一趨勢(shì)應(yīng)該會(huì)繼續(xù)。

因?yàn)楣逻d能用很多種方式來幫助BZN公司開發(fā)國際視聽項(xiàng)目，能在英國和世界其他國家使用翻譯，科爾若先生建議對(duì)可行性進(jìn)行研究，該建議得到尼古拉斯·瑞恩的贊同，具體建議如下：

a)美國、加拿大和英國教育視聽市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀及其增長潛能。b)目前進(jìn)入這塊市場(chǎng)的公司及其市場(chǎng)份額。

c)不同視聽設(shè)備的增長模式及其繼續(xù)增長和變化的潛能。

報(bào)告：

關(guān)于對(duì)收購北美和英國的視聽設(shè)備公司的可行性，托馬斯·科爾若進(jìn)行了簡要總結(jié)。（結(jié)果顯示還需要更進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查。

a)選擇能帶給BZN公司最好機(jī)會(huì)的公司，調(diào)查收購的可能性。

b)BZN公司選擇的目標(biāo)公司，向所有入詢問出售條件，并向BZN公司報(bào)告。

下次會(huì)議日期：

下次會(huì)議將評(píng)2009年II月12日上午9:30在會(huì)議室舉行，屆時(shí)將對(duì)視聽產(chǎn)業(yè)的可行性研究的建議進(jìn)行討論。

會(huì)議延遲至下午4：25結(jié)束。

此致

布特·沃格，記錄秘書

第四篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語閱讀

Bull market :牛市 bear market熊市 budget 預(yù)算balance sheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 income statement收益表。損益表 working capital 周轉(zhuǎn)資金 inventory control 庫存控制。儲(chǔ)量控制quality assurance 質(zhì)量保證 just-in-time delivery 適時(shí)原料輸送multinational corporations 跨國公司 commercial paper 商業(yè)票據(jù)leverage 借款投機(jī)。杠桿作用 market segmentation 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分distribution channels銷售渠道 exclusive distribution獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷competitive advantage 競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)

product differentiation產(chǎn)品差異化break-even Point 盈虧臨界點(diǎn)。保本點(diǎn) brand 牌名，品牌intellectual property 知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn) agency 代理breach of contract合同

horizontal organization 橫向管理體系division of labor職責(zé)分工 downsizing 裁員flextime 彈性工作制

board of directors 董事會(huì)chief executive officer 首席執(zhí)行官 acquisition 收購employee stock options 職工股票先購權(quán) performance appraisal system 工作表現(xiàn)評(píng)估制 gross domestic product國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值profit 利潤 supply供給sole proprietorship獨(dú)資企業(yè)

unlimited liability 無限責(zé)任shareholders 股東。股票持有人 equilibrium price均衡價(jià)格，平衡價(jià)格pure competition 純自由競爭 oligopoly 寡頭壟斷monopoly壟斷

fiscal policy 財(cái)政政策democratic leader 民主型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) crisis management 危機(jī)管理private corporation 私營企業(yè) subsidiary corporation附屬公司，子公司 中譯英

翻譯題一：大熊貓是一種溫順的動(dòng)物，長著獨(dú)特的黑白皮毛。因其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。大熊貓對(duì)于世界自然基金會(huì)有著特殊意義。

自1961年該基金會(huì)成立以來，大熊貓就一直是它的徽標(biāo)。大熊貓是熊科中最稀有的成員，主要生活在中國西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大約有1000只大熊貓。這些以竹為食的動(dòng)物正面臨許多威脅。因此，確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要?！敬笮茇垼簠⒖甲g文】: The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur.Because of their small number, giant pandas have been listed as an endangered species.The giant pandas are of special significance for WWF(World Wildlife Fund).Since the establishment in 1961, the fund has been using the giant panda as its logo.The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family.They mainly live in the forests of southwestern China.Currently,there are about 1,000 giant pandas in the world.The bamboo-eating animals are facing many threats.Therefore, to ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.翻譯題二：中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是全世界發(fā)展最快的，2010年，中國大概有4.2億網(wǎng)民，而且人數(shù)還在迅速的增長，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來了重大的社會(huì)變化，中國的網(wǎng)民往往不同與國外的網(wǎng)民，美國的網(wǎng)民更都多的是受實(shí)際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件，買賣商品，科學(xué)研究，規(guī)劃形成或者付款，中國網(wǎng)民更多都是出于社交的原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛的使用論壇、博客，聊天室等。【互聯(lián)網(wǎng)：參考譯文】

The Internet community of China is developing in the fastest way in the world.China has about 420 million netizens in 2010,and the number is still growing rapidly.The growing popularity of Internet has brought significant changes to the society.And Chinese netizens are often different from the netizens in America.American netizens are more motivated by actual needs, using the Internet as a tool to send e-mails, buying and selling goods, plan trips or payment.Chinese netizens are more use the Internet for social reasons.Hence they use QQ and chat-rooms for a wider range.翻譯題三：越來越多的中國年輕人正對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)生興趣，這是近年來的新趨勢(shì)。年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界 的好奇心，隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了。他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引。有些人甚至選擇長途背包旅行。最近調(diào)查顯示，很多年輕人想要通過旅行來體驗(yàn)不同的文化，豐富知識(shí)，拓展視野。旅游：參考譯文】

More and more young people are interested in Chinese tourism, which is a new trend in recent years.Increasing number of young tourists, they can be attributed to the rapid increase of income and to explore the world outside of curiosity, with travel much, young people in big city and famous scenic spots to spend less time.Instead they are more attracted to a remote place.Some people even choose long backpacking trip.According to a recent survey, many young people who want to experience a different culture, travel through the rich knowledge, the development field of vision.英譯中 【1】道德行為的實(shí)施

通常一個(gè)組織表現(xiàn)出較高的道德行為，這個(gè)CEO比起他周圍的人有著更開放、明確的道德管理體系。在一個(gè)致力于的實(shí)現(xiàn)高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公司，其董事會(huì)是通過以下方面來傳達(dá)自身的承諾：公司道德規(guī)范、公司公開致辭和出版物、針對(duì)不道德行為的處理政策、高管的行為以及為保證員工服從而采取的行動(dòng)。高層主管要求他們手下的職員不止要遵守道德規(guī)范，還要舉報(bào)那些不遵守規(guī)范的員工。對(duì)于已經(jīng)有這些道德規(guī)章制度的公司，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)員工來遵守道德規(guī)范。盡管執(zhí)行的過程是CEO來引導(dǎo)，但是需要高管的參，來加強(qiáng)對(duì)下屬道德的管理和是否順從。“灰色區(qū)域”要被明確規(guī)定，并和員工公開討論，同時(shí)需要設(shè)立引導(dǎo)解決爭議的機(jī)構(gòu)。管理的人員不能假設(shè)員工已經(jīng)被道德管理或已按照道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。管理人員可以用一些方法來鍛煉道德領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，第一、最重要的是他們要在自己的行為中設(shè)立良好的道德規(guī)范的例子并且設(shè)立廉正的傳統(tǒng)。公司的決定應(yīng)被視為道德上的“行動(dòng)勝于語言”。第二，管理人員和雇員應(yīng)當(dāng)被教導(dǎo)什么是道德的而什么不是；道德訓(xùn)練的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)當(dāng)被設(shè)立而且“灰色地帶”應(yīng)當(dāng)被討論和確定。所有人應(yīng)當(dāng)被鼓勵(lì)提出有關(guān)道德的事件并且討論他們。第三，高層管理人員應(yīng)該明確的參照公司的道德規(guī)范并且在道德事件上有一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的立場(chǎng)。第四，高層管理必須做好在巨大爭議中作為最后仲裁者的準(zhǔn)備；這意味著要將人員調(diào)離關(guān)鍵崗位或者讓他們離職因?yàn)樗麄兊倪`反規(guī)定。這也意味著需要斥責(zé)那些在監(jiān)控和執(zhí)行道德服從上松懈的人。在追求道德的不端行為中不能采取快速和果斷的行動(dòng)被視為是缺乏真正的承諾。一個(gè)成熟的程序，以確保遵守道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常包括：（1）董事會(huì)的監(jiān)督委員會(huì)，通常由外部董事組成。（2）對(duì)一個(gè)委員會(huì)的高級(jí)管理人員直接進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練、履行和遵從。（3）每年審計(jì)經(jīng)理的結(jié)果和正式報(bào)告來彌補(bǔ)經(jīng)理的不足行為。（4）定期要求員工簽署需要服從的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件?！?】行業(yè)競爭的五力模型

由麥克波特發(fā)明的“五力模型”已經(jīng)是作為測(cè)試競爭環(huán)境的最常使用的分析工具。它用五種基礎(chǔ)競爭力的術(shù)語來描述競爭環(huán)境： 1潛在進(jìn)入者是威脅。

2供應(yīng)商的討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的威脅。3消費(fèi)者討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的威脅。4替代品的威脅。5行業(yè)內(nèi)的競爭者的威脅。

總之，這些力量確定了競爭的性質(zhì)和程度，還有一個(gè)行業(yè)的潛在利潤。管理者應(yīng)該懂得在他們這些公司的競爭中如何用這些五個(gè)力量中的任何一個(gè)去影響行業(yè)的競爭環(huán)境。就像一種理解會(huì)根本上的使這個(gè)管理者去決定對(duì)于這個(gè)行業(yè)中最適合的和最有保護(hù)效果的戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢(shì)。

第五篇：商務(wù)英語總結(jié)

Along with the deepening of economic globalization, development and accession to the WTO since the rapid growth of China's foreign trade, China and countries and regions all over the world economic and trade exchanges is becoming more frequent, English is engaged in foreign trade activities of business people for business exchanges and an important tool for communication.Business English trading activities have gradually become an indispensable part.Business English is a business application in the field of language, the language of the salient features of the application is professional and strong, meaning a relatively narrow face, the use of more scientific terms, professional.Many common English words in common, however, business English has its special meaning from the professional early seventies, linguists of the Language in Business English more and more interested in the use of.Pragmatic scientists, sports scientists and conversational analysts from different point of view of business with the characteristics of English language, stylistic features and characteristics of discourse.Business English language has its own characteristics of style, features and pragmatics of discourse characteristics.Business English sentences short, use active voice, present tense and the sentence, such as affirmative.The impact of its purpose, business letter form the structure of text, paragraphs, the characteristics of apparent natural clear convergence and coherence.This is a feature of its discourse with.Business English usually has six key principles: the correct, complete, clear, concise, considerate and courteous.In this paper, the basis of previous studies to try a new approach to the purpose of analysis---a letter from the business point of view to analyze the characteristics of the language of business English, focusing on inspection of its lexical features 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展和加入WTO，中國的對(duì)外貿(mào)易快速增長，世界各地的經(jīng)貿(mào)往來中國和國家和地區(qū)日趨頻繁，英語是從事對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)活動(dòng)的商務(wù)人士進(jìn)行商務(wù)交流與溝通的重要工具。商務(wù)英語逐漸成為貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中不可缺少的一部分。商務(wù)英語在語言領(lǐng)域的商業(yè)應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用的顯著特點(diǎn)的語言是專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，意義面相對(duì)較窄，多使用科學(xué)術(shù)語，專業(yè)。許多常見的英語常用詞，然而，商務(wù)英語有其特殊的意義，從專業(yè)的七十年代初，語言學(xué)家對(duì)語言在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用問題越來越感興趣。語用學(xué)家，運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)家和英語語言的特點(diǎn)，從各自不同的角度分析商務(wù)會(huì)話分析家，文體特征和語篇特征。商務(wù)英語的語言有其自身的文體特點(diǎn)，語篇特征和語用特色。商務(wù)英語句子簡短，多用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，現(xiàn)在時(shí)和句子，如肯定。其目的的影響，商務(wù)信函形式的文本段落，結(jié)構(gòu)，明顯的銜接和連貫自然清晰的特點(diǎn)。這是一個(gè)特征的話語。商務(wù)英語通常有六大原則：正確，完整，清晰，簡明，體貼周到的。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，試圖分析——一封從業(yè)務(wù)的角度來分析商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn)的目的的一種新方法，重點(diǎn)調(diào)查其詞匯特征

Business English in his section you'll find materials and lesson plans to get your students prepared for real work scenarios and introduce them to business-related language and grammar, as well as tips and ideas on a range of teaching techniques used in business English classes.And, if you need to keep your lessons topical, our Business Spotlight series provides the perfect solution: based on articles from Business Spotlight, it covers a range of stimulating professional topics, from honesty in job interviews to the challenges of self-employment – and we add a new one every month!商務(wù)英語在他的部分，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)材料和課程計(jì)劃來讓你的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的實(shí)際工作情況，向他們介紹相關(guān)的語言和語法，以及一系列的用于商務(wù)英語課堂教學(xué)技術(shù)，技巧和想法。并且，如果你需要保持你的課程主題，我們的業(yè)務(wù)焦點(diǎn)系列提供了完美的解決方案：基于業(yè)務(wù)的聚光燈下的文章，它涵蓋了一系列刺激的專業(yè)問題，從誠信在求職面試中的自我就業(yè)–挑戰(zhàn)，我們添加一個(gè)新的每一個(gè)月！

Different In Business English, we can use all the learning English more systematic and some exclusive terms.As we learned there like premium, insight into the performance, such as.These words are the traditional English learning books above to.在商務(wù)英語中，我們能更加系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)英語的各種用法和一些專屬名詞。比如我們學(xué)過的就有像溢價(jià)，績效，洞察之類的。這些詞語是傳統(tǒng)英語書上面所學(xué)習(xí)不到的。

Structure Structure of academic English take is very strict, compared with the general English article, is of great readability, and the level of clarity, there is always a total score, total points like form.The most critical is the characteristic of the article also generally longer.學(xué)術(shù)英語所采取的結(jié)構(gòu)都是十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)模鄬?duì)于一般英語文章而言，具有較大的可讀性，而且文章的層次清晰，總有著總分，分總之類的形式。最關(guān)鍵的是文章也普遍較長的特點(diǎn)。Theme Academic subjects in English are relatively large, and it is through long-term research conclusion.Theoretical article is very stringent, from psychology, business, mathematics, statistics to analyze every angle.Through the case, convincing data to strengthen the.學(xué)術(shù)英語的主題都是比較大的，而且都是經(jīng)過長期研究得出的結(jié)論。文章的理論性十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，從心理學(xué)，商學(xué)，數(shù)學(xué)，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)各個(gè)角度來分析。通過案例，數(shù)據(jù)來加強(qiáng)文章的說服力。

Last In academic English class more freedom, the interaction between teachers and students a lot, also hope that develops for a long time, thank you teacher and a semester of teaching.最后的

在學(xué)術(shù)英語課堂教師和學(xué)生更多的自由，很多之間的相互作用，也希望長期發(fā)展，謝謝老師和一個(gè)學(xué)期的教學(xué)