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      考研英語熟詞生義

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 11:37:14下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《考研英語熟詞生義》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《考研英語熟詞生義》。

      第一篇:考研英語熟詞生義

      單詞背誦500個(gè)考過二十次以上詞匯

      above / beyond: 介詞,后面接抽象而不是具體名詞時(shí)表示“無法做到”,例如:“above comprehension”的意思是“無法理解”。

      in the absence of something: “缺少,沒有”,用于替代“in short of”或者“be lacking in”。

      be absorbed in something: “專心從事”。

      abuse: 用在物品詞后面表示“過量使用”,用在有生命的事物后面則表示“虐待”。

      have access to something: 這個(gè)短語最常用的意思是“to have something that you can use”,就是“能夠用到”,當(dāng)然,要根據(jù)它后面接的單詞來判斷其中文含義,比如“have access to town”表示“有道路通往市區(qū)”,“have access to the teacher”則是“有條件向老師請(qǐng)教”,而“have access to the Internet”則表示“有上網(wǎng)條件”。

      accessible / available: 形容詞,中文的含義同上。

      by accident: 介詞詞組,屬于副詞用法,修飾動(dòng)作,意思是“偶然”。

      accommodate: 英文解釋為“to accept someone's opinions and try to do what they want, especially when their opinions or needs are different from yours”或者“to get used to a new situation or to make yourself do this”,因此中文的意思是“接受;適應(yīng)”。

      account: 名詞,“解釋,解說,敘述”。

      account for: 本身是“解釋說明”的含義,但在使用時(shí)可以翻譯成“是?的原因”。此外,在數(shù)字概念上表示“占?份額,比重”。

      acknowledge: 這個(gè)詞有兩個(gè)常用含義,“向某個(gè)人表示感謝”或“承認(rèn)”。

      acquire: 這個(gè)詞的中文非常靈活,通常由后面跟隨的名詞決定,如“acquire bad habits”就是“養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣”的含義。在商業(yè)用語中,該詞則表示“吞并”。其名詞形式acquisition也有這個(gè)含義。

      action: 在軍事用語中可以表示“戰(zhàn)斗”。

      in action: 表示“正在起作用”。

      adapt: 動(dòng)詞,在科技用語中表示“(將某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究成果)應(yīng)用于(另一領(lǐng)域)”。

      address somebody: “對(duì)某人說話,發(fā)言”。

      adopt: 動(dòng)詞有“收養(yǎng)”的意思。

      afford: 用法非常靈活,總的來講表示“承擔(dān)不起”,后面可以接表示金錢,時(shí)間或者情感的詞匯。cannot afford to: 英文解釋為“if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it could cause serious problems for you”,所以這個(gè)詞組的中文應(yīng)當(dāng)理解為“不應(yīng)當(dāng),一定不要做”。

      agent: 目前的含義主要指“行政職能機(jī)構(gòu)”,比如美國(guó)的很多國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)都叫agency,另外在生物化學(xué)領(lǐng)域,這個(gè)詞翻譯成“介質(zhì),載體”,而在計(jì)算機(jī)英語中則是“服務(wù)器”。

      agree with: “使人或者身體的某個(gè)部分覺得舒適”。

      agreeable: “愜意,令人愉快,恰倒好處”。

      agreement: 在閱讀文章時(shí)通常是“一致的意見”這個(gè)含義。

      air: 名詞有“氣氛”的含義,動(dòng)詞則表示“公開表達(dá)或發(fā)表”。

      in the air: 表示“懸而未決,仍在醞釀中”。

      allow somebody to do something: 中文可以翻譯成“讓 / 使得某個(gè)人去做某件事”。

      alone: 閱讀中有時(shí)和“only”是同一個(gè)意思,即“僅僅”,但要用在單詞或者句子后面。

      ambitious: 中性詞,“野心”或者“志向”的含義。

      amount to: 在翻譯或者閱讀考試中的含義經(jīng)常會(huì)是“竟然達(dá)到?的地步,程度”。

      anchor: 動(dòng)詞有“固定,安定”的含義,如果在新聞界做名詞用,則表示“新聞播音員”。

      appeal to somebody: “吸引某個(gè)人的注意力”。

      appeal to court: 法律用語,“上訴”。

      appearance: 中文含義為“狀況,現(xiàn)象”。

      apply: 日常生活中是“涂抹,敷藥”的含義。詞組apply to something表示“適用于”。

      approach: 名詞表示“方法,手段”,動(dòng)詞則是“處理,處置”。

      appropriate to: “適用于,與之相應(yīng)”。

      argue: 在寫作中可以表示“認(rèn)為”,如果與介詞同時(shí)使用,如“argue for”表示“支持”,“argue against”表示“反對(duì)”。

      argument: 這個(gè)詞的意思一般不是“爭(zhēng)論”,而是“觀點(diǎn),主張”。

      arrest one’s attention: “引起某人的注意”。

      art: “技術(shù),技能”。不要總是理解成“藝術(shù)”。

      article: 日常生活購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景下表示“一件商品”。assert oneself: “表現(xiàn)自己”或“維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利”。

      associate: 動(dòng)詞主要是“與?有聯(lián)系”或者“聯(lián)想”。名詞association也是這兩個(gè)含義。

      assume: 動(dòng)詞,“承擔(dān)任務(wù)或角色、任職”。

      attachment: “依賴,眷戀”。

      attend: 詞義為“參加”

      attend to somebody / something: “照料”的含義

      attribute: 名詞表示“特點(diǎn),特性”,是個(gè)褒義詞。

      authorities: “政府當(dāng)局”,或者由上下文決定的“最高機(jī)構(gòu)”,例如在教育的文章中,這個(gè)詞可能就是“教育部或者是校方、教師”的含義。

      back up: “支持”。

      balance: 在經(jīng)濟(jì)英語中指的是“賬面余額”。

      bargain: 名詞形式在口語中很常用,表示“物超所值的商品”。

      –based: 這個(gè)詞綴用在任何一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞的后面,表示“總部位于某個(gè)地方”。

      bear: 最原始的含義表示“承載,承受”。

      bearing: 用在人的身上指“品格,氣質(zhì)”,日常是“方向”的含義。

      better: 動(dòng)詞的意思是“優(yōu)于,勝過”。

      the better part of: “大多數(shù),大半個(gè)”。

      bid: 動(dòng)詞是“吩咐,命令”,名詞有的時(shí)候有“試圖、企圖”的含義。

      board: 名詞最常用的含義是“委員會(huì)”,動(dòng)詞后面接交通工具則是“上火車,上船,上飛機(jī)”。

      bold: 在印刷術(shù)語中是“粗體字”的含義。

      be born to do something: “天生有能力做某件事情”。

      be bound to do something: “一定會(huì)做某件事情”。

      branch: “分支機(jī)構(gòu)”,看上下文可以翻譯成為“分校,分公司,銀行分行”等等。

      brand–new: “嶄新的”。

      ridge the gap: “縮短差距”。brief: 動(dòng)詞可以表示“做簡(jiǎn)短介紹”,名詞則是“簡(jiǎn)短會(huì)議”。

      budget: 日常生活中可以翻譯成“購(gòu)物計(jì)劃”。

      build: 名詞,指“人的身材”,而且應(yīng)當(dāng)是比較健壯的身材,多用于男士。

      burst: 表示“(情感等的)猛烈爆發(fā)”,與其他一些單詞連接使用,如“burst into tears”或者“burst into laughter”,翻譯成“大哭”或者“大笑”。

      business: “事務(wù)”。

      but: 后面接名詞時(shí)是“除?以外”,因此“anything but”中文為“就不是?”,而“nothing but”則為“就是?”。

      calculate: “盤算,估算”。

      camp: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“駐扎”。

      campaign: “(有益的大型)活動(dòng)”。

      cap: 本身的含義是“帽子”,但使用的時(shí)候則可以表示“最高部分,上限”。

      at capacity: 詞組,“全速地,完全地”。

      capture one’s attention / imagination: capture的本意是“俘獲”,但是在這兩個(gè)搭配中的含義是“吸引某人的注意 / 使人產(chǎn)生遐想”。

      career: 雖然字典中常常將這個(gè)詞解釋為“事業(yè)”,但是在Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中,這個(gè)詞被注釋為“a job or profession that you have been trained for, and which you do for a long period of your life”,因此實(shí)際的中文含義還是“職業(yè)”。“undertaking”才是意義最廣泛的“事業(yè)”。

      carefree: 這個(gè)詞在Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English的解釋為“having no worries or problems”,相當(dāng)于中文的“無所謂,不關(guān)心”,不知道為什么在所有的詞典中都解釋為“無憂無慮”,從中也可以看出英漢詞典的局限。case: 通常的含義是“情況”,如果在法律環(huán)境下則是“案例”。

      cast: 日常生活中的含義是“鑄造,塑造”,但是有一些固定的詞組搭配,比如“cast a glance at something / somebody”是“將眼光投向某個(gè)事物或某個(gè)人”,“cast light on something”是“提供新信息,幫助理解”,而“cast a shadow on something”則是“在某件事情上投下陰影”。

      cause: “事業(yè),目標(biāo)”。

      cease to: “不再出現(xiàn)某種情況”。ceiling: 在經(jīng)濟(jì)和數(shù)學(xué)用語中通常表示“上限”。

      cement: 作為動(dòng)詞,含義為“鞏固,加強(qiáng)”。

      center on: “以?為中心,圍繞”。

      certain: 在心理學(xué)環(huán)境下的英語解釋為“feeling confident about yourself and your abilities”,因此中文可以翻譯為“自信”。

      chair: 動(dòng)詞的意思是“主持”,相當(dāng)于“preside over”。

      challenge: 在最新的Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中,該詞的解釋為“to refuse to accept that something is right, fair, or legal”,翻譯考試中,這個(gè)詞通常要翻譯成為“懷疑,質(zhì)疑”。

      chance: 科技英語中是“偶然性”的含義,因此“by chance”的意思是“偶然地”。

      channel: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“引導(dǎo)”,名詞是“渠道,路徑”。

      charge: 動(dòng)詞含義有兩個(gè),在科技英語的環(huán)境下是“充電”,而在日常生活中是“索?。ㄙM(fèi)用)”。名詞通常是“電流”的含義。

      be in charge of: “對(duì)?負(fù)責(zé)”。

      check: 動(dòng)詞,表示“遏止,控制”。

      chew: “琢磨,考慮”。

      chip: “芯片”。

      choice: 形容詞的意思是“精選的”。

      claim: 如果后面接的是人,表示的含義是“讓人丟了性命”。

      class: 動(dòng)詞的含義同“classify”基本相同,表示“分類”。

      clause: 法律用語中是“條款”。

      click: 計(jì)算機(jī)用語中是“點(diǎn)擊”,由于計(jì)算機(jī)英語在日常生活中的普及,很多單詞轉(zhuǎn)入日常生活時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)其他含義,比如這個(gè)詞的英語解釋中就包括“to suddenly understand or realize something”和“if two people click, they like, understand, and agree with each other”,如何翻譯也就很容易了。

      climate: “風(fēng)氣,風(fēng)俗”。

      climb up: 表示數(shù)字“緩慢上升”。

      cloudy: “渾濁,模糊不清”,如果指心情,則表示“低沉,陰郁”。

      coach: 動(dòng)詞,“給一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)、個(gè)人做教練或進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)”。coat: 生物、化學(xué)及醫(yī)藥用語中是“表面,外皮”的含義,因此例如“sugar coating”一類的詞就是“糖衣”的含義了。

      code: 法律用語中是“規(guī)則,法典”的含義。

      collect: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中的一個(gè)解釋為“to come to a particular place in order to take someone or something away”,中文含義為“領(lǐng)取,接走”。

      colony: 生物學(xué)含義為“微生物的種群”。

      command: “掌握,擁有”。

      commercial: 名詞是“電視商業(yè)廣告”的含義,而“advertisement”一般指報(bào)紙中的廣告。

      commission: 通常的含義是“任務(wù)”,但是在商業(yè)用語中是“傭金,回扣”的含義。

      be committed to something: “決心做某件事情”。

      commitment: “決心”。

      communicate one’s idea: “表達(dá)某個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)”。

      community: 與其他名詞連用表示“界”,比如scientific community就是“科技界”,此外復(fù)數(shù)communities也有“社會(huì)”的含義。

      company: “同伴,一起”。

      complain: 在很多時(shí)候都是“投訴”的意思。

      file complaint: 這個(gè)詞組的含義也是“投訴”。

      complex: 如果用于建筑學(xué),這個(gè)詞的含義是“一組建筑群” concern: 在閱讀理解中,特別是在題干中,都是“擔(dān)心”的含義。

      concerning: 介詞,“關(guān)于”,相當(dāng)于“with regard to”或者“regarding”。

      concerted: 形容詞,“共同的”,比如“make concerted efforts”表示共同努力。

      be conditioned to: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中的解釋為“to make a person or an animal think or behave in a certain way by influencing or training them over a period of time”,中文的含義有點(diǎn)象“習(xí)慣于,受?的影響”。

      conduct: 這個(gè)詞在英語學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中是非常重要的。首先,作為名詞,含義是“人的行為,品行,舉止”,而作為動(dòng)詞,它的含義與do基本一致,但主要用于褒義場(chǎng)合。

      consequence: 本身是“結(jié)果,后果”,在詞組“far-reaching consequence”中則是“影響,重要性”。

      constitution: “組成(成分)”,法律用語是“憲法”,因此詞組“constitutional right”就是“憲法賦予的權(quán)力”。consume: 除去其“消費(fèi),消耗”的含義外,如果是“be consumed with”后面接表示情緒的名詞,則表示“陷入,不能自拔”,因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中的解釋,這個(gè)詞組的含義為“if a feeling or idea consumes you, it affects you very strongly, so that you cannot think about anything else”。

      contain: 如果這個(gè)詞后面出現(xiàn)的消極內(nèi)容,則表示“抑制,遏制”。

      context: 這個(gè)詞與“environment”表示“自然環(huán)境”的含義相對(duì),含義為“(抽象)環(huán)境”,“in the context of”這個(gè)詞組在完型填空中被選的頻率還是相當(dāng)高的。

      contract: 如果后面接表示疾病的單詞,則做動(dòng)詞的含義是“得了(大病,急病)”。

      contribute: 需要注意這個(gè)詞是中性詞,如果在消極場(chǎng)合中使用,就是“造成,導(dǎo)致”的含義。

      contribution: “促成因素”。

      conventionally: 字面含義是“常規(guī)上講”,但在閱讀中表示“過去”。

      copy: 動(dòng)詞,“仿效,模仿”。

      corner: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“逼迫”,詞組“cut the corners”表示“走捷徑,用最簡(jiǎn)潔經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式做事”。

      count: 及物動(dòng)詞表示“計(jì)算”,不及物動(dòng)詞則是“算數(shù),起作用”。

      count on: “指望”。

      course: “河流的路徑”,引申的含義是“事業(yè)”。

      court: 動(dòng)詞“追求”,名詞在法律用語中是“法庭”,體育用語中是“中型球場(chǎng)”,比如籃球,排球,網(wǎng)球等等。

      cover: “掩蓋”,含有貶義,此外在保險(xiǎn)業(yè)用語中“cover loss”表示“保?險(xiǎn)”。

      crack down upon: “嚴(yán)厲打擊”。

      credit: 詞組“give credit for / to”的含義非常靈活,總的來說是“表揚(yáng),嘉獎(jiǎng),歸功于”,但是理解時(shí)要看上下文。

      critical: “至關(guān)重要的”,寫作中可以用來替代“important”。

      a crop of: 描述人的量詞,表示“一批,一代”,替代過去常用的a generation of。

      cry: 詞組“a far cry”表示“相差甚遠(yuǎn)”。

      curse: “災(zāi)難,災(zāi)禍”。

      cushion: 這個(gè)詞做動(dòng)詞可以表示“減輕,緩和”。

      cut and dried: “順手就可以做到,輕而易舉”。damage: 法律用語中是“賠償金”的含義。

      daring: “大膽,勇敢的”。

      dawn: 名詞表示“開始,來臨”,動(dòng)詞詞組“dawn upon somebody”表示“理解,明白”。

      deal: 這個(gè)詞的構(gòu)詞能力很強(qiáng),中文只能隨著后面的名詞變化,比如“deal a heavy blow”就表示“給?以沉重的打擊”。

      defend: 國(guó)防中是“保衛(wèi)”,法律場(chǎng)合是“辯護(hù)”。

      deliberate: 這個(gè)詞做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候表示“深思”。

      deliver: “發(fā)送,傳送”,多用于發(fā)送信息,消息,郵件等場(chǎng)合。

      deposit: 名詞“存款,押金”。

      deputy: 用在有些頭銜的前面表示“副職”,比如“deputy prime minister”是“副總理”。

      desert: 動(dòng)詞“拋棄”。

      deserted: 形容地點(diǎn)表示“荒無人煙的”,形容人的心情則表示“孤獨(dú),沮喪的”。desirable: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English中的解釋“something that is desirable is worth having or doing”,如果用中文來解釋,就是“很好”。

      desperate: 形容人做事“拼命,買力氣”。

      detached: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English對(duì)這個(gè)詞的解釋為“not reacting to or becoming involved in something in an emotional way”,有點(diǎn)象“indifferent”,表示“超然物外,不關(guān)心”。

      develop: 這個(gè)詞的英語解釋為“gradually form / acquire”,含義為“逐漸形成或獲得”,翻譯時(shí)要根據(jù)后面的名詞來處理,比如“develop an idea”表示“形成觀點(diǎn)”,“develop a disease”中文是“得病”。

      devise: 動(dòng)詞,“設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)明”。

      dig: 動(dòng)詞詞組“dig up”經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),是“搜集,發(fā)現(xiàn)”的含義。

      digest: 動(dòng)詞“理解”的含義。

      direct: 動(dòng)詞含義為“指導(dǎo),命令”,屬于指令性動(dòng)詞。

      discipline: 名詞是“學(xué)科”的意思。

      dismiss: 英語解釋為“to refuse to consider someone's idea, opinion etc, because you think it is not serious, true, or important”,中文是“打消,否認(rèn)”的含義。disorder: 精神病學(xué)中這個(gè)詞是“精神錯(cuò)亂,失?!钡暮x。

      disposal: “垃圾”的意思。

      dive: 這個(gè)詞有“急速下降”的含義,比如“take a nose dive”。

      be divorced from: “分離,脫離”的含義。

      document: 動(dòng)詞,“記錄”。

      documentary: 名詞,“記錄片”。

      domestic: 常用的含義兩個(gè),一個(gè)是“國(guó)內(nèi)的”,一個(gè)是“家中的”。

      drain: “財(cái)富,精力等外流,逐漸耗盡”,因此詞組“brain drain”表示“人才外流”。

      dramatically / drastically: “大幅度,劇烈地”

      drill: 石油業(yè)中名詞含義是“鉆頭”,動(dòng)詞是“鉆井”,日常生活中是“反復(fù)操練”的意思。

      drive: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“推動(dòng),給?以動(dòng)力”。

      drop: “放棄”,在寫圖表作文時(shí)可以用作“下降”,替代我們經(jīng)常使用的“increase”。

      drug: “毒品”。

      duty: 進(jìn)出口內(nèi)容中是“關(guān)稅”的意思。

      dwell upon: “仔細(xì)想,深思”。

      earn: 中性動(dòng)詞,“贏得”或者是“遭到”。詞組“earn one’s keep”在閱讀理解中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn),表示“謀生”。

      echo: 動(dòng)詞,“應(yīng)和,附和”的含義。

      economy: “節(jié)約”,比如詞組“practice economy”的意思就是“節(jié)約開支”。

      effect: 動(dòng)詞“產(chǎn)生,導(dǎo)致”,有時(shí)也和其他單詞形成固定詞組,比如“effect payment”的含義是“付款”。

      embrace: “接受,信奉某種觀點(diǎn)”。

      employ: “采用,采納”。

      be endowed with something: “to naturally have a good feature or quality”,中文含義為“天生具有?才能或者資質(zhì)”。

      engage sb: “雇傭”。

      enjoy: 在很多時(shí)候中文翻譯成“擁有,享有”,比如“enjoy good reputation”可以理解為“享有盛譽(yù)”。

      established: “得到公認(rèn),已經(jīng)確立的”。in the event of: “如果,萬一”。

      evident: “顯然的,明顯的”。

      execute: 企業(yè)用語中是“執(zhí)行決策,處理”,法律用語是“處決”。

      exercise: 與法律用詞放在一起使用時(shí),動(dòng)詞的含義是“行使,履行,執(zhí)行”的意思。

      exert oneself: 英語解釋為“to work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy”,意思是“盡力,努力”。

      exhaust: “耗盡(自然資源,精力等等)”。

      be expert in something: “老練的,內(nèi)行的”。explode: “迅速增長(zhǎng)”。

      be exposed to: “接觸到”。

      faculty: 大學(xué)環(huán)境下指“全體教工”,指人時(shí)則是“天賦,稟性”。

      fail to do: “沒有能夠”。

      faint: “微弱的,不明顯的”。

      fall back on: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English對(duì)這個(gè)短語的解釋為“to use something or depend on someone's help when dealing with a difficult situation, especially after other methods have failed”,根據(jù)這個(gè)英語解釋我們知道詞組大概的含義就是“因?yàn)闆]有太好的辦法,所以只能?”。這個(gè)詞組的英語解釋很好的說明了看英語解釋理解單詞含義的意義。

      be fascinated by: “迷戀上,被吸引”。

      fashion: 詞組be in fashion表示“流行”,in a?fashion則表示“以?方式”。

      feature: “to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part”,中文可以翻譯為“以?為特色,特色是?”?!?/p>

      fence: 動(dòng)詞“保護(hù),阻止”。

      figure out: “估算,盤算”。

      file: 動(dòng)詞的含義很多,其中一個(gè)就是“提出”,在“file complaint”“file lawsuit”等詞組中表示“提出投訴”或“提出上訴”。

      film: 科技英語中表示“薄膜”或者“膠片”。

      finance: 動(dòng)詞“資助”,在作文中經(jīng)常使用。fire: 動(dòng)詞“解雇”。

      firm: “小型公司”。

      fit: 名詞,更確切地說應(yīng)當(dāng)是量詞,“a fit of”后面接表示情緒的名詞中文的含義是“情緒發(fā)作”。

      fix: “安裝,裝配”。詞組“fix one’s eyes upon something”表示“眼光緊緊地盯著”。

      flight: 這個(gè)詞有時(shí)表示“逃跑”。

      flood: 動(dòng)詞“充斥,彌漫”,通常的形式是“be flooded with something”。

      floor: 和“ceiling”相對(duì),表示“最低點(diǎn)”。

      -fold: 這個(gè)詞綴前面加上數(shù)詞,表示“倍,重”。

      It follows that: “于是出現(xiàn)了?的結(jié)果”。

      foreign: “陌生的,不熟悉的”。

      fortune: “運(yùn)氣”或者“財(cái)富”。

      forward: 動(dòng)詞“發(fā)送”的含義,以前用于發(fā)送電子郵件,現(xiàn)在基本替代了“send”。

      –free: 這個(gè)詞綴與任何名詞連用,中文表示“沒有”。

      –friendly: 這個(gè)詞綴放在任何名詞后面,表示“充分考慮?,為了?的方便”。比如“user-friendly”翻譯成“使用方便”,“environmentally-friendly”表示“有利于環(huán)境的,環(huán)保的”。

      front: “前鋒,前沿”。

      frown at: “對(duì)?感到生氣,不快”。

      fund: 動(dòng)詞表示“資助”。

      furnish: “提供”。

      gain: 與很多名詞連用,表示“增加,變快”,如“gain speed”。

      game: “規(guī)則”。

      gather: “漸漸增長(zhǎng)”,比如詞組“gather speed”。

      gear to something: “適合于,配合”。

      gift: 名詞“天賦”,動(dòng)詞詞組“be gifted with something”表示“有?天賦”。

      give rise to something: “引起,引發(fā)”。grant: “助學(xué)金,資助”。

      ground: 這個(gè)詞構(gòu)成詞組時(shí)意義很多,比如“break ground”表示“破土動(dòng)工,開辟新天地”,“gain ground”表示“普及,有了進(jìn)展”,而“on ground of”則是“根據(jù)是”。

      guard against: “防范,警惕,注意”,這個(gè)詞組是中性詞,在閱讀理解考試中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn),沒有支持或者反對(duì)的含義。

      gut: 詞組“have the guts to do something”表示“有勇氣去做?”。

      handle: 這個(gè)詞如何翻譯,完全要看后面的名詞通常和什么中文動(dòng)詞搭配了。比如“handle the problem”表示“解決問題”,“handle the crisis”則是“應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)”。

      hearing: 名詞,“聽證會(huì)”。

      cannot help doing / but: “禁不住要”。

      It doesn’t help that: “無法避免的是,現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是”。

      hit: 名詞的含義為“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的事物”。

      hold: “認(rèn)為”。

      horizon: “眼界,見識(shí)”。

      host: 動(dòng)詞,“主辦”,替代過去常常使用的hold。而詞組a host of則是量詞,表示“許多”。

      hunger for something: 名詞詞組,“對(duì)?懷有渴望”。

      hunt: “搜索,搜尋”。

      ignorance: “無知”。

      be immune from: “不受?的影響”。

      impressive: 普通含義為“印象深刻的,好的”,但如果用于形容建筑物,則是“令人肅然起敬,莊嚴(yán)肅穆的”。

      in that: 連詞型詞組,表示“在于,因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

      be indulged in something: “迷戀于,自我陶醉于”。

      informed: 形容詞,表示“消息靈通的”。

      instant: 用于食品飲料,表示“速溶,即食的”。

      institutional: 這個(gè)詞的含義類似“systematic”,“系統(tǒng)的,有組織,有邏輯的”。

      instrument: “手段,借助的方法、工具”。instrumental: “起作用的,輔助的”。

      –intensive: 中文翻譯為“?密集型”,比如“l(fā)abor-intensive”是“勞動(dòng)密集型”。

      interact with: “與人交往,交流”。

      interest: “利益,利害關(guān)系”。

      interpret: 動(dòng)詞表示“理解,闡釋”。

      intriguing: “引起興趣的,有誘惑力的”。

      introduce: “引進(jìn)”。

      inviting: “吸引人的”。

      item: 量詞,“一件(商品)”。

      jump: “迅速上升”,可在寫作圖表型文章時(shí)使用。

      just: 形容詞,“公正的”。

      keen: 這個(gè)詞的每個(gè)意思都比較重要,首先是“強(qiáng)烈的”,其次是“敏銳的”。

      key: “關(guān)鍵”。

      launch: 動(dòng)詞,“展開(大型活動(dòng))”。

      law: “定理,定律”。

      learned: 形容詞,“博學(xué)的”。

      at length: “最后終于”或者是“詳盡,詳細(xì)的”這個(gè)詞組不是很常用。

      let: 動(dòng)詞的含義中有“出租”的含義。

      liability: “責(zé)任義務(wù)”,特別指廠商,銷售商對(duì)顧客負(fù)有的“法律義務(wù)”。

      literally: “實(shí)際上”。

      literature: “文獻(xiàn)材料,印刷品”。

      live: 形容詞,“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的”。

      lodge: 動(dòng)詞,與“file”的動(dòng)詞含義相似,表示“提出(投訴,訴訟)”。

      log in: 計(jì)算機(jī)用語,表示“登錄”,現(xiàn)在演變成“進(jìn)入”。

      long: 動(dòng)詞,表示“渴望,盼望”。at a loss: “感到困惑不解”。

      maintain: “一貫認(rèn)為”,可以用于寫作。

      in a?manner: “以?的方式”。

      map something out: 英文解釋為“to plan carefully how something will happen”,即“詳細(xì)籌劃”。

      by a margin: “余地,幅度”。

      marginal: “非主流的,很小的”。mark: 名詞,“顯要,名聲”。

      marked: 作為形容詞,含義為“顯著的,清楚的”。

      means: “方法,手段”。

      at the mercy of: “受?的支配控制”。

      merger: “大公司合并”。

      merit something: “值得”,有點(diǎn)象“deserve”,但是個(gè)完全的褒義詞。

      might: “力量”,形容詞“mighty”是“力量強(qiáng)大的,猛烈的”。

      minister: 動(dòng)詞,“(行政)管理”。

      minor: 形容詞,在法律用語中表示“輕微的(犯罪)”。

      minute: 形容詞的含義為“微小的”。

      mirror: 動(dòng)詞,“反映出”。

      monitor: 動(dòng)詞是“監(jiān)視,監(jiān)控”,名詞是“監(jiān)視器”。

      move: 動(dòng)詞,“采取行動(dòng)”,英文解釋為“to start taking action, especially in order to achieve something or deal with a problem”。

      must: 名詞,“必須要做的事情?!?/p>

      nature: “本質(zhì),本性”。

      nerve: 這個(gè)詞最好以詞組形式記憶,get on one’s nerves表示“讓某個(gè)人緊張不安”,have nerves則表示“有勇氣,沉著”。

      nervous: 這個(gè)詞要注意其本義“神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的”。

      note: 動(dòng)詞,“注意到”。novel: 形容詞,“新奇的,新穎的”。

      object to somebody / something: 動(dòng)詞含義為“反對(duì)”。

      be obliged to doing something: 通常這個(gè)詞都是“不得不”的含義,但是最近曾經(jīng)考過“對(duì)?表示感謝”的含義。

      observe: 動(dòng)詞含義中有“遵守”和“慶?!钡慕忉?。

      occasion: “時(shí)刻,重大或者特殊的活動(dòng)”,比如詞組on one occasion中文就可以翻譯成“有一次”。

      be occupied with something: “(頭腦等)全神貫注于某件事務(wù)”。

      odd: 形容詞通常的含義是“奇特古怪的”,數(shù)學(xué)用語中是“基數(shù)”,詞組為odd number。

      offend: 英語可以解釋為“to seem bad or unacceptable to someone”,中文含義為“讓人感到厭惡”。offending可以做形容詞來用。

      offensive: 形容詞,“討厭,令人作嘔的”。

      office: “職責(zé),責(zé)任,崗位”,這個(gè)詞有很多相關(guān)的詞組,比如“take office”是“就職”,“l(fā)eave office”就是“離職”。

      once: 這個(gè)詞在閱讀理解的范疇中通常都是“一旦,如果”的含義,引導(dǎo)條件關(guān)系從句。

      be open to something: 這個(gè)詞組在英語中相當(dāng)靈活,最常用的含義是兩個(gè),一個(gè)是“l(fā)ikely to suffer from something or be affected by something”,中文即“容易受到消極影響”,比如“He has left himself open to accusations of dishonesty”的意思是“別人很容易職責(zé)他不夠誠(chéng)實(shí)”,而另外一個(gè)則是“willing to consider something new or to accept something new”,表示“愿意接受新鮮事物”,比如“The committee is open to suggestions”是說“委員會(huì)樂于接受建議”。

      orbit: 動(dòng)詞含義為“讓?進(jìn)入軌道,步入正軌”。

      orderly: 形容詞是“秩序井然,整齊的”,但在美式用語中這個(gè)詞的名詞含義專門指“醫(yī)院的男護(hù)理工”。

      organ: 人體中是“器官”,政治用語中是“國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)”,通常詞組為“the state organ”。

      organic: 直接的含義是“有機(jī)的”,但詞組“organic food”是“無公害食品”的意思。

      -oriented: 這個(gè)詞綴表示“以?為中心,面向?”。

      orientation: 美式英語中是“a period of time during which people are trained and prepared for a new job or course of study”,中文是“熟悉,適應(yīng),即學(xué)生熟悉新學(xué)校的情況,或者員工適應(yīng)新工作環(huán)境”。

      originally: 這個(gè)詞在閱讀中的含義就是“過去”。

      outstanding: “顯眼,突出”。overlook: 這個(gè)詞含義很多,需要根據(jù)上下文確定,主要含義包括“俯視,鳥瞰”,“忽視,忽略”,“寬容,不計(jì)較”。overwhelm: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English對(duì)這個(gè)詞的解釋主要有兩個(gè),第一個(gè)含義是“if someone is overwhelmed by an emotion, they feel it so strongly that they cannot think clearly”,中文翻譯為“懷有某種強(qiáng)烈的情感”,另外一個(gè)是“if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with”,中文為“淹沒,壓得?透不過氣”。因此形容詞詞組“an overwhelming majority”就是“壓倒性多數(shù)”

      over: 與動(dòng)詞連接使用時(shí)通常表示“優(yōu)于,勝過”。

      pace: “速度,進(jìn)展”。

      pack: 做量詞的時(shí)候是“(兇猛野獸的)一群”。

      paradox: “自相矛盾的說法”或者“因?yàn)榇嬖趦煞N截然相反的觀點(diǎn)而讓人無法理解”。

      parallel: “與?相比,與?相當(dāng)”。

      be particular about: “挑剔”。

      party: 含義之一是“(參與各方中的)一方”。

      passage: 名詞“經(jīng)過,遷移”,指具體事物時(shí)是“走廊,通道”的意思。

      path: “途徑,方式,方法”,寫作時(shí)可以替代經(jīng)常使用的“way, measure, method”等詞。

      penetrate: “彌漫,充滿”。

      perform: 這個(gè)詞大概相當(dāng)于中文的“做,處理”,可以同其他詞搭配成詞組,翻譯時(shí)要整體考慮。比如“perform a surgery”,中文是“做手術(shù)”,“perform a task”,中文是“執(zhí)行任務(wù)”,而“perform one’s duty”則是“履行職責(zé)”。

      persist: “延續(xù)或存在至今”。

      perspective: 含義是“觀點(diǎn),看法”,或者是“前景,將來”。

      philosophy: “基本原理”,或者是“做人原則”。

      pick on somebody: “挑某個(gè)人的毛病,找茬”。

      pick up: “不經(jīng)意間學(xué)會(huì)”。

      picture: “情況”。

      plague: 動(dòng)詞,“折磨,煩擾,肆虐”。

      plain: “十足,徹底”,有的時(shí)候也表示“淺顯易懂”,或者“太過普通”。plant: 工業(yè)英語中表示“(重工業(yè))工廠,電站”。

      plug away at something: “埋頭苦干”。

      plunge: “急速下降,下跌”。

      point: 名詞“目的,意義”。所以pointless就是“沒有意義”。

      poke fun at someone: “拿?尋開心”。

      policy: “原則”。

      polish: “雕琢,完善”。

      pop: 比較熟悉的含義是“流行音樂”,但是作為動(dòng)詞,它的含義是“爆炸,開槍”,詞組為“pop up”,含義為“突然出現(xiàn)”。

      pose: “造成,形成”,通常表達(dá)消極含義,比如“pose challenge”者“post threat”等。

      post: 名詞“崗位,職位”。

      power: 物理學(xué)或日常生活中指“電力,動(dòng)力”。

      practical: “實(shí)際上”。

      practice: 名詞“慣例,(長(zhǎng)期一貫的)做法”。

      practise: 動(dòng)詞“長(zhǎng)期,大范圍地開展”。

      be prepared for: “to be willing to do something, especially something difficult or something that you do not usually do”,如果按照這個(gè)英語解釋來看,我們就知道“be prepared for death”這樣的詞組不會(huì)翻譯成“準(zhǔn)備著去死”,而應(yīng)當(dāng)有點(diǎn)“從容面對(duì)死亡”的意味了。

      prescribe: 動(dòng)詞,表示“命令”。在醫(yī)療英語中是“開處方”。

      press: 名詞,“出版社,新聞界”。

      print: 動(dòng)詞“用印刷體書寫”。

      produce: 這個(gè)詞的翻譯非常靈活,需要看后面使用什么名詞,“produce a book”就是“寫了本書”,“produce a film”則是“拍了部電影”。program: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English的解釋包括“a series of actions which are designed to achieve something important”和“a course of study”,因此中文就是“教學(xué)或其他重要的活動(dòng)和項(xiàng)目”。

      project: 作為名詞的含義是“大型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目”,與program“大型活動(dòng)性項(xiàng)目”正好相對(duì)。promise: 動(dòng)詞是“有前途,有指望”,因此“promising”是形容詞,“有前途的”含義。

      prompt: “敦促,鼓勵(lì)”。

      propose: 動(dòng)詞是“提議”,比如“propose a toast”是“提議大家干一杯”。

      provided that: 連詞,“只有在?情況下才有可能?”。

      pupil: 名詞,表示人的器官時(shí)指“瞳孔”。

      purpose: “好處,意義”,詞組為“serve no purpose”,中文翻譯為“沒有意義或好處”。

      quarrel: 中文可以翻譯成“爭(zhēng)論”。

      rage: 這個(gè)詞在翻譯中曾經(jīng)考察過,早期英語中有“精神錯(cuò)亂”的含義,因此當(dāng)時(shí)的試題是“kitchen rage”,中文翻譯為“廚房狂躁癥”。

      raise: 動(dòng)詞有“養(yǎng)育,養(yǎng)殖”的含義,英文解釋為“to look after your children and help them grow”和“to look after animals or grow plants so that they can be sold or used as food”。

      rate: “速度,比率”。

      at any rate: “無論如何”。

      ready: “輕易,毫無困難的”。

      rear: 動(dòng)詞是“撫養(yǎng)”的含義,形容詞是“后面的”,指房間或交通工具的后半部分。比如汽車的后門就叫做“rear door”。

      reason: 名詞“理性,理智”。

      receive: 動(dòng)詞,“接待,接風(fēng)”。

      be reduced to: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English的解釋為“to make someone do something they would rather not do, especially when it involves behaving or living in a way that is not as good as before”,中文實(shí)際相當(dāng)于“萬般無奈下只能”。

      refined: 形容詞,指人時(shí)表示“有修養(yǎng)”。

      reflect on / upon something: “認(rèn)真思考,仔細(xì)考慮”。

      regarding: 介詞,“關(guān)于”。

      with regard to: 介詞詞組,“就?而言,關(guān)于”。

      regard: 名詞有“尊敬,器重”的含義,比如詞組“hold somebody in high regard”或者“have a high regard for somebody”。regular: “普通的”或者是“定期的”。

      reinforce: 這個(gè)詞的翻譯要根據(jù)中文的習(xí)慣,比如詞組“reinforce each other”可以翻譯成“互相輝映,相得益彰”。

      relate: 動(dòng)詞含義之一是“敘述”。

      remain: “長(zhǎng)期保持?的狀態(tài),一直是?”。

      remote: 形容詞“很少的,細(xì)微的”,比如“remote resemblance”是“只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)相似之處”。

      relevant: “有關(guān)的,相關(guān)的”。

      remedy: 名詞,“補(bǔ)救措施”。

      render: 動(dòng)詞,用法非常靈活,首先這個(gè)詞相當(dāng)與“translate”,是“翻譯”的含義,比如“render it into English”是“將其翻譯成英語”。另外,這個(gè)詞表示“給予,提供”。另外,在很多詞組中,這個(gè)詞表示“使?處于某種狀況”,比如“Illness renders him rather weak”,就是“生病讓他變得很虛弱”。

      repeat: 動(dòng)詞,“仿效,模仿”。

      resolve: 本身是“解決”,但在有些詞組中也要靈活處理,比如“resolve difference / conflict”,中文應(yīng)翻譯成“消除分歧 / 沖突”。此外,這個(gè)詞還有“下定決心做”的含義。

      resort: 名詞,日常生活中的含義是“旅游勝地”,詞組“the last resort”是“最后的手段,辦法”。動(dòng)詞詞組“resort to something”表示“借助于”。

      respect: 名詞含義為“方面”,相當(dāng)于“aspect”。

      with respect to: “關(guān)于,談到”。

      rest on / upon: “在于,取決于”。

      review: 名詞和動(dòng)詞都有“評(píng)定,審查”的含義。rewarding: 形容詞,“有收獲的”。

      rich: 形容食品時(shí)是“油膩”的意思。

      role: 翻譯的時(shí)候要根據(jù)上下文處理為“角色”,“職責(zé)”或者“作用”。

      roll: 名詞,“花名冊(cè)”,因此,如果我們看到“on the pay roll”這樣的詞組,就可以理解為“有工作,沒有失業(yè)”了。

      rough: 這個(gè)詞所有的意思都很常用,形容天氣是“有暴風(fēng)雨的,惡劣的”,形容道路是“崎嶇不平”,形容日常事物表示“簡(jiǎn)陋,沒有加工”,數(shù)字概念上又是“粗略的”。routine: 形容詞是“一成不變,無聊的”。名詞指“一成不變的,無聊的工作”。

      be rude about: “挑剔,對(duì)?很苛刻”。

      rule: 動(dòng)詞和名詞都有“統(tǒng)治”的意思。法律用語中是“裁定”,并分別有兩個(gè)詞組“rule for”和“rule against”。

      run: “操作控制”或“經(jīng)營(yíng)管理”。

      sack: 口語中這個(gè)詞是動(dòng)詞,表示“解雇”。

      be saddled with something: “承受?的負(fù)擔(dān)”。

      be safe from / be saved from: 最新的Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞組的解釋為“protected from any danger or harm”,也就是“不必?fù)?dān)心有?的危險(xiǎn)”。

      sanction: 這個(gè)詞的兩個(gè)含義相差甚遠(yuǎn),一個(gè)是“批準(zhǔn)”,另外一個(gè)是“制裁”,這也體現(xiàn)出英語詞匯含義的特點(diǎn),就是詞匯的含義具有任意性。

      scale: “規(guī)?!?。

      school: 學(xué)術(shù)界指“流派”,生物學(xué)中是“水生動(dòng)物種群”。

      scope: “范圍,范疇”或者是“眼界,見識(shí)”。

      score: “成功”。

      screen: 動(dòng)詞,“阻擋,防止”。

      secure: 同“certain”一樣,也是“feeling confident about yourself and your abilities”的含義,中文是“自信”。

      sense: “道理,理智”,詞組“make sense”是“合理”,而“make sense of something”則是“理解”。

      sentence: 法律用語是“宣判”。

      service: 日常生活用語中是動(dòng)詞,表示“維修保養(yǎng)汽車”。

      setting: 名詞,“背景,環(huán)境”。

      settle: 動(dòng)詞,搭配能力非常強(qiáng),比如“settle the account”表示“結(jié)帳”,“settle the problem”則是“解決問題”。

      shame: 英文解釋為“used when you wish a situation was different, and you feel sad or disappointed”,中文可以說成是“不象話,過不去,很遺憾”。

      shot: 名詞,口語有“注射”的意思,美式英語中還專門指“注射毒品”。

      shoulder: 動(dòng)詞,“擔(dān)負(fù)”。shuttle: 動(dòng)詞“往來于,穿梭于”。

      signal: 動(dòng)詞,“向?示意”.sink: 名詞,日常生活中是“水池,水槽”的含義。

      size up: 動(dòng)詞詞組“估計(jì),揣度”。

      skirt: 名詞,“邊緣(地帶)”。

      slim: 形容機(jī)會(huì)等“很微小”。

      smooth: 形容詞,“順利,正?!?。

      soft: 形容經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)表示“疲軟”。

      solution: 名詞,化學(xué)領(lǐng)域是“溶液”的意思。

      sophisticated: “(機(jī)械設(shè)備等)復(fù)雜的”。

      sound: 形容詞,“健全合理”。

      spare: 動(dòng)詞,“節(jié)約,留出空閑”,有時(shí)也表示“原諒,饒恕”。

      a spell of time: “一段時(shí)間”。

      spot: 動(dòng)詞是“(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)”,名詞是“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”,詞組為“on the spot”。

      square: 形容詞,“公平,公正”。stage: “階段”。

      stake: 這個(gè)詞最原始的含義是“火刑柱”或者是“賭注”,但是在考試的時(shí)候,通常都以詞組形式出現(xiàn),“at stake”表示“處于危險(xiǎn)”,“have a stake in something”則表示“在某件事務(wù)中得到利益”,這個(gè)詞很新。

      start: 動(dòng)詞,“驚嚇,吃驚”。通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)“be started”。

      state of mind: “思維方式”。

      stay: 系動(dòng)詞,“保持”。

      story: “情況”,如果是新聞?dòng)谜Z,則是“報(bào)道”。

      stress: 名詞“壓力”,動(dòng)詞是“強(qiáng)調(diào)”。詞組“be stressed out”表示“筋疲力盡”。

      striking: 形容詞“明顯,顯著的”。

      be stripped: “遭到掠奪和搶劫”相當(dāng)于中文中的俗語“挨宰” subject: 科技用語中是“接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象”。

      subscribe to: 議論文中經(jīng)常遇到這個(gè)詞組,表示“同意,贊成”。

      succeed: 動(dòng)詞,“接在?后面發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)”。

      suck: 美式俚語中是“令人不快,討厭”的意思。

      suit: 單詞lawsuit的縮寫,“法律訴訟”的含義。

      support: “撫養(yǎng),贍養(yǎng)”。

      swell: 動(dòng)詞“自高自大”。

      sympathy: “同感”,這個(gè)詞曾經(jīng)在閱讀真題選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)過,當(dāng)時(shí)干擾的手段是“show sympathy for”表示“同情”,而“in sympathy with”則是“有同感”。

      table: “表格”。

      take advantage of: “利用”或者“欺侮”。

      tailor: 動(dòng)詞,“使?適合于”。

      take care of: 中性詞組,貶義概念表示“教訓(xùn),處置”。

      tap: 動(dòng)詞“開發(fā)利用”,這個(gè)詞在報(bào)紙雜志中很常用,可以替代exploit。

      tell: 動(dòng)詞含義中有“顯現(xiàn)”和“區(qū)分”兩個(gè)常用的含義。

      tend to: “往往,通常情況是”。不要總是將這個(gè)詞組理解成為“傾向于”。

      term: 這個(gè)詞的意思很多,在閱讀中經(jīng)常用的是“名稱,說法”。

      in terms of: “以?方式,以?衡量,就?而言”,這個(gè)詞的含義太靈活,因此在各種考試中幾乎都是被選擇頻率最高的詞組。

      thick: “煙霧稠密的”。

      thirst for: “渴望”。

      tie: 名詞,含義為“關(guān)系,聯(lián)系”,比如international tie。

      tip: “提示,指點(diǎn),內(nèi)部消息”。

      toast: 動(dòng)詞“慶賀,慶祝”。

      toilet: 名詞“洗漱化妝用品”。

      by the same token: 詞組“由于同樣原因”。top: 形容詞“最好的”。

      treat: 動(dòng)詞,名詞“請(qǐng)客”。touch: 動(dòng)詞“感動(dòng)”。

      trace to: “找到?的根源”。

      trim: “少量削減”。

      treasure: 動(dòng)詞“重視”。

      trust: 動(dòng)詞,“委托”。

      tube: 口語中是“電視”的意思,在英式英語中指“倫敦的地鐵系統(tǒng)”。

      uneasy: “不自在,憂慮擔(dān)心”。

      utter: 形容詞“純粹的,完全的”。

      value: 動(dòng)詞,“重視”。

      virtual: 首先,這個(gè)詞有“實(shí)際上”的含義,此外,在科技英語中,含義為“made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world”,中文翻譯成“網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬的,仿真的”,這兩個(gè)含義相差也非常遠(yuǎn)。如果想?yún)^(qū)分到底在上下文中這個(gè)詞如何翻譯,其實(shí)就可以看上下文中有沒有諸如“computer, internet”之類的詞匯,這就是我們說的詞的使用場(chǎng)合。

      voice: “用言語表達(dá),吐露”。

      wage: “進(jìn)行,從事”,通常與戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),戰(zhàn)役,大型運(yùn)動(dòng)搭配使用。

      want: Langman Dictionary of Contemporary English對(duì)這個(gè)詞的解釋之一是“to suffer because you do not have something”相對(duì)應(yīng)的例句為“In many poorer countries, people still want basic food and shelter”,中文可以翻譯為“嚴(yán)重缺乏”。

      wave: “高潮,新趨勢(shì)”。

      weigh: “權(quán)衡,認(rèn)真掂量”。

      when: 根據(jù)上下文可以翻譯為“如果”或者“然而”。

      when it comes to: “當(dāng)我們面臨或談到某個(gè)問題時(shí)”。

      while: 在閱讀理解內(nèi)容中基本都是“雖然”的含義。

      will: 名詞,“意志,意愿”。

      wind up: “(商業(yè)活動(dòng)等)結(jié)束”。wing: 建筑用語中指“一座建筑物的兩翼”。

      wisdom: 日常生活中的含義是“觀點(diǎn),意見”。

      word: 動(dòng)詞,“譴詞造句,措辭”。

      yield: 動(dòng)詞,“出產(chǎn),生產(chǎn)”,詞組yield to somebody / something則是“投降,屈從于或者妥協(xié)”的含義。

      第二篇:考研英語熟詞生義歸納(三)

      熟詞三

      1.work 1.n.工作,作品 2.v.努力;起作用

      2.yield: 動(dòng)詞,“ 出產(chǎn),生產(chǎn) ”,詞組 yield to somebody / something 則是“ 投降,屈從于或者

      妥協(xié) ”的含義。n.產(chǎn)量,收獲 How much can you yield from that field? 那塊田你能有多少的產(chǎn)

      量?He never yielded during the interrogation.他在整個(gè)審問過程中都沒有屈服。3.plague: 動(dòng)詞,“折磨,煩擾,肆虐”。

      4.plain: “十足,徹底”,有的時(shí)候也表示“淺顯易懂”,或者“太過普通”。5.plant:(重工業(yè))工廠,電站;造紙廠 paper plant;power plant 發(fā)電廠 6.play n.戲劇,playgoer戲迷;player 運(yùn)動(dòng)員 7.plug away at something: “埋頭苦干”。8.plunge: “急速下降,下跌”。9.point: 名詞“目的,意義”。

      10.poke fun at someone: “拿 … 尋開心”。11.policy: “原則”。

      12.polish: “雕琢,完善”。

      13.pop: 比較熟悉的含義是“流行音樂”,但是作為動(dòng)詞,它的含義是“爆炸,開槍”,詞組為“ pop

      up ”,含義為“突然出現(xiàn)”。

      14.pose: “造成,形成”,通常表達(dá)消極的含義,比如“ pose challenge ”或者“ post a

      threat ”。

      15.post: 名詞“崗位,職位”。v.郵寄,寄送;刊登,發(fā)布在 poster海報(bào)

      16.power: 1.力量 Knowledge is power.知識(shí)就是力量。2.“ 電力,動(dòng)力 ”。power failure 斷電;power-off 停電,關(guān)機(jī) 3.權(quán)利 The powerful is(真實(shí)題)17.practice: 名詞“慣例,(長(zhǎng)期一貫的)做法”。It is his practice/hobby to sleep late.晚睡是他的習(xí)慣。

      18.practise: 動(dòng)詞“長(zhǎng)期,大范圍地開展”。19.prescribe: 動(dòng)詞“規(guī)定,命令”。

      20.press: 名詞,“出版社,新聞界”。The Press Conference 記者招待會(huì)

      21.present n.禮物; adj.出席的,在場(chǎng)的 be present at the conference.v.出席,參加;陳

      述,闡述 Both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view.雙方從自

      身的角度坦誠(chéng)地陳述了自己的觀點(diǎn)。

      22.preserve n.權(quán)利,所專有的東西 special preserves 特殊的權(quán)利

      23.print: 動(dòng)詞“用印刷體書寫”。

      24.produce: 這個(gè)詞的翻譯非常靈活,需要看后面使用什么名詞,“ produce a book ”就是“寫了本

      書”,“ produce a film ”則是“拍了部電影”。3.agricultrual produce 農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 25.program: “教學(xué)或其他重要的活動(dòng)和項(xiàng)目”。

      26.project: 作為名詞的含義是“ 大型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目 ”,與 program “大型活動(dòng)性項(xiàng)目”正好相對(duì)。27.promise: 動(dòng)詞是“有前途,有指望”,因此“ promising ”是形容詞,“有前途的”含義。28.prompt: “敦促,鼓勵(lì)”。

      29.propose: 動(dòng)詞是“提議”,此外還有個(gè)別的詞組,比如“ propose a toast ”是“提議大家干一

      杯”。

      30.provided that: 連詞,“只要”。

      31.province n.領(lǐng)域,范圍

      32.pupil: 名詞,表示人的器官時(shí)指“瞳孔”。

      33.purpose: “好處,意義”,詞組為“ serve no purpose ”,中文翻譯為“沒有意義,沒有好

      處”。

      34.panel n.面,板;控制板,儀表盤;專門小組 Judge panel 裁判團(tuán)。35.proceeding n.[pl.] 會(huì)議錄,學(xué)報(bào)

      36.pattern:樣式 v.模仿,仿制 He patterned himself on a man he admired.他模仿一個(gè)他敬仰的人。

      37.particular:特別的 引申:講究的,挑剔的 be particular about:對(duì)…講究

      38.pool:水池 v.集資 合資 We pooled our money to build a house.我們集資建一座房子。39.preface:序言,前言 前奏,開端

      40.provision:供應(yīng),提供 條款或規(guī)定 according to the provision’s contract:根據(jù)合同的條款 41.provincial:省的,省級(jí)的 眼光狹隘的)42.property:財(cái)產(chǎn);性質(zhì),性能 Many plants have medical properties.很多植物有藥性/醫(yī)療性能。

      43.quarrel: 吵架,爭(zhēng)吵,中文可以翻譯成“爭(zhēng)論”。

      44.rage: 這個(gè)詞在翻譯中曾經(jīng)考察過,古英語中有“精神錯(cuò)亂”的含義,因此當(dāng)時(shí)的試題是“ kitchen

      rage ”,中文翻譯為“廚房狂躁癥”。

      45.raise: 舉起,升起,“養(yǎng)育,養(yǎng)殖,撫養(yǎng)”。46.rate: “速度,比率”。at any rate: “無論如何”。47.reach n.范圍,領(lǐng)域;夠得著;買得起

      48.ready: “ 輕易,毫無困難的 ”。樂意的,愿意的

      49.rear: 動(dòng)詞是“撫養(yǎng)”的含義,形容詞是“后面的”,指房間或交通工具的后半部分。比如汽車的后

      門就叫做“ rear door ”。

      50.reason: 名詞“理性,理智”;推理 51.receive: 動(dòng)詞,“接待,接風(fēng)”。

      52.be reduced to: 萬般無奈下只能”。

      53.refined: 形容詞,指人的時(shí)候表示“有修養(yǎng)”。

      54.reflect on / upon something: “認(rèn)真思考,仔細(xì)考慮”。

      55.regarding: 介詞,“關(guān)于”。with regard to: 介詞詞組,“就 … 而言,關(guān)于”。56.regard: 名詞有“尊敬,器重”的含義,比如詞組“ hold somebody in high regard ”或者“

      have a high regard for somebody ”。57.regular: “普通的”或者是“定期的”。

      58.reinforce: 這個(gè)詞的翻譯要根據(jù)中文的習(xí)慣了,比如詞組“ reinforce each other ”可以翻譯成

      “互相輝映,相得益彰”。

      59.relate: 動(dòng)詞含義之一是“敘述”。把聯(lián)系起來

      60.remain: “長(zhǎng)期保持 … 的狀態(tài),一直是 … ”。

      61.remote: 形容詞“很少的,細(xì)微的”,比如“ remote resemblance ”是“只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)相似之

      處”。relevant: “有關(guān)的,相關(guān)的”。

      62.remedy: 名詞,“補(bǔ)救措施”。

      63.render: 動(dòng)詞,用法非常靈活,首先從英語學(xué)習(xí)角度講,這個(gè)詞相當(dāng)與“ translate ”,是“翻

      譯”的含義,比如“ render it into English ”是“將其翻譯成英語”。另外,這個(gè)詞表示“給予,提供”。另外,在很多詞組中,這個(gè)詞表示“使 … 處于某種狀況”,比如“ Illness renders him

      rather weak ”,就是“生病讓他變得很虛弱”。

      64.repeat: 動(dòng)詞,“仿效,模仿”。

      65.resolve: 本身是“解決”,但在有些詞組中也要靈活處理,比如“ resolve difference /

      conflict ”,中文應(yīng)翻譯成“ 消除分歧 / 沖突 ”。

      66.resort: 名詞,日常生活中的含義是“旅游勝地”,詞組“ the last resort ”是“最后的手段,辦法”。動(dòng)詞詞組“ resort to something ”表示“借助于”。

      67.respect: 名詞“方面”,相當(dāng)于“ aspect ”。with respect to: “關(guān)于,談到”。68.rest on / upon: “在于,取決于”。

      69.review: 名詞和動(dòng)詞都有“評(píng)定,審查,評(píng)論”的含義。70.rewarding: 形容詞,“有收獲的”。

      71.rich: 形容食品時(shí)是“油膩”的意思。

      72.role: 翻譯的時(shí)候要根據(jù)上下文處理為“角色”,“職責(zé)”或者“作用”。

      73.roll: 名詞,“花名冊(cè)”,因此,如果我們看到“ on the pay roll ”這樣的詞組,就可以理解為

      “有工作,沒有失業(yè)”了。

      74.rough: 這個(gè)詞所有的意思都很常用,形容天氣是“有暴風(fēng)雨的,惡劣的”,形容道路是“崎嶇不

      平”,形容日常事物表示“簡(jiǎn)陋,沒有加工”,數(shù)字概念上又是“粗略的”。75.routine: 形容詞是“一成不變,無聊的”。名詞指“一成不變的,無聊的工作”。76.be rude about: “挑剔,對(duì) … 很苛刻”。77.rule: 動(dòng)詞和名詞都有“統(tǒng)治”的意思。78.run: “操作控制”或者是“經(jīng)營(yíng)管理”。79.reflect:v.反射,反應(yīng) 仔細(xì)考慮,反省 80.readily:adv.樂意地 容易地

      81.run:v.經(jīng)營(yíng),管理 競(jìng)選 in the long run從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看;in the short run:從短期來看;Run for

      the president.競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)。

      82.rest:休息 v.取決于,歸因于(寫作)rest on at least 2 factors.至少取決于2個(gè)因素。rely on = rest on 依靠

      83.principal:小學(xué)校長(zhǎng),主要的,資本,資金

      84.preparation:準(zhǔn)備;制劑或制品 a preparation for cleaning metals:一種清洗金屬的制劑 85.sack: 口語中這個(gè)詞是動(dòng)詞,表示“解雇”。86.be saddled with something: “承受 … 的負(fù)擔(dān)”。87.be safe from / be saved from: “不必?fù)?dān)心有 … 的危險(xiǎn)”。

      88.sanction: 這個(gè)詞的兩個(gè)含義相差甚遠(yuǎn),一個(gè)是“批準(zhǔn)”,另外一個(gè)是“制裁”,這也體現(xiàn)出英語詞

      匯含義的特點(diǎn),就是詞匯的含義具有任意性。89.satisfaction:n.滿足;賠償

      90.sandwich:n.三明治 v.加入或擠入 He was sandwiched between the two powers.他被夾在兩個(gè)權(quán)

      力之間。

      91.sample:n.樣本,標(biāo)本 v.體驗(yàn),嘗試 sample the country life:體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活

      92.second:第二 vt.贊成或附和 second sb.贊成/附和某人 second the proposal:贊成這項(xiàng)提議。

      93.scratch:抓,撓,搔,起跑線 Start from scratch.從頭開始

      94.scale: “規(guī)?!?。n.刻度,標(biāo)度;天平,磅秤;比例尺;音階;魚鱗

      95.school:學(xué)院,學(xué)校,學(xué)派 There are various schools on this subject.在這個(gè)專題/課題上有很

      多學(xué)派。school: 學(xué)術(shù)界指“流派”,生物學(xué)中是“水生動(dòng)物種群”。96.scope: “范圍,范疇”或者是“眼界,見識(shí)”。97.score: “成功”。得分

      98.screen: 動(dòng)詞,“阻擋,防止”。

      99.secure: 同“ certain ”一樣,也是“自信”。動(dòng)詞為“獲得,得到”

      100.sense: “道理,理智”,詞組“ make sense ”是“合理”,而“ make sense of something ”則

      是“理解”。

      101.sentence: 法律用語是“宣判”。名詞是“判刑,懲罰”

      102.service: 日常生活用語中是動(dòng)詞,表示“維修保養(yǎng)汽車”。

      103.setting: 名詞,“背景,環(huán)境”。

      104.settle: 動(dòng)詞,搭配能力非常強(qiáng),比如“ settle the account ”表示“結(jié)帳”,“ settle the

      problem ”則是“解決問題”。

      105.shame: “不象話,過不去,很遺憾”。

      106.shot: 名詞,口語有“注射”的意思,美式英語中還專門指“注射毒品”。

      動(dòng)詞,“擔(dān)負(fù)”。107.shuttle: 動(dòng)詞“往來于,穿梭于”。

      108.sight n.看見;at the sight of 一看見;out of sight 消失,看不見;視力;風(fēng)景,景點(diǎn) sightseer 觀光者

      109.signal: 動(dòng)詞,“向 … 示意”.110.sink: 名詞,日常生活中是“水池,水槽”的含義。111.size up: 動(dòng)詞詞組“估計(jì),揣度”。112.skirt: 名詞,“邊緣(地帶)”。113.slim: 形容機(jī)會(huì)等“很微小”。

      114.smooth: 形容詞,“順利,正?!?。

      115.soft: 形容經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)表示“疲軟”。

      116.solution: 名詞,化學(xué)領(lǐng)域是“溶液”的意思。117.sophisticated: “(機(jī)械設(shè)備等)復(fù)雜的”。118.sound: 形容詞,“健全合理”。

      119.spare: 動(dòng)詞,“節(jié)約,留出空閑”,有時(shí)也表示“原諒,饒恕”。120.a spell of time: “一段時(shí)間”。

      121.spot: 動(dòng)詞是“(偶然)發(fā)現(xiàn)”,名詞是“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”,詞組為“ on the spot ”。122.square: 形容詞,“公平,公正”。

      123.state n.1.州,國(guó)家 the Uniteds States 2.v.陳述,闡述 Americans frankly state what they want and what they expect to get.statement n.觀點(diǎn)

      statesman n.政治家

      124.stage: “階段”。

      125.stake: 這個(gè)詞最原始的含義是“火刑柱”或者是“賭注”,但是在考試的時(shí)候,通常都以詞組形式

      出現(xiàn),“ at stake ”表示“處于危險(xiǎn)”,“ have a stake in something ”則表示“在某件事務(wù)中

      得到利益”,這個(gè)詞很新。

      126.start: 動(dòng)詞,“驚嚇,吃驚”。通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)“ be started ”。127.state of mind: “思維方式”。128.stay: 系動(dòng)詞,“保持”。

      129.story: “ 情況 ”,如果是新聞?dòng)谜Z,則是“ 報(bào)道 ”。

      130.stress: 名詞“壓力”,動(dòng)詞是“強(qiáng)調(diào)”。詞組“ be stressed out ”表示“筋疲力盡”。131.strike v.打動(dòng),留下印象 What strikes me deeply in the cartoon is that … 這幅畫給我印象最深的是…,striking: 形容詞“明顯,顯著的”。132.study n./v.學(xué)習(xí),研究

      133.be stripped: “遭到掠奪和搶劫”相當(dāng)于中文中的俗語“挨宰”。

      134.subject: 科技用語中是“接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象”。Subject…to 讓/使…遭受/受到 135.subscribe to: 訂閱,訂購(gòu) 議論文中經(jīng)常遇到這個(gè)詞組,表示“同意,贊成”。136.succeed: 動(dòng)詞,“接在 … 后面發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)”。successor n.接替者,接班人 137.suck: 美式俚語中是“令人不快,討厭”的意思。

      138.suit: 1。西裝,2。單詞 lawsuit 的縮寫,“ 法律訴訟 ”的含義。

      139.support: “撫養(yǎng),贍養(yǎng)”。140.swell: 動(dòng)詞“自高自大”。

      141.sympathy: “同感”,同情 “ show sympathy for ”表示“同情”,而“ in sympathy with ”

      則是“有同感”

      142.sophisticated a.尖端的,先進(jìn)的;老練的,老于世故的

      143.specification n.[常pl.] 規(guī)格,說明書,規(guī)范 144.speculate v.投機(jī); 2。推測(cè)。猜想 145.start:n.開始 v.吃驚或驚喜

      146.spark:n.火花,火星 adj.微妙,一點(diǎn)兒 a spark of=a minute of 一點(diǎn)兒;spark the creativity:激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性

      147.straw n.吸管,簽。稻草,稻草人 Draw straws/lots.抽簽。

      148.stroke n.擊,敲;報(bào)時(shí)的鐘聲;一擊,一劃,一筆;一次努力;中風(fēng);撫摸 He had a stroke at dinner.晚飯的時(shí)候他中風(fēng)了。

      149.tap n.塞子,龍頭;輕叩,輕拍 v.輕叩,輕敲;利用,開發(fā);搭線竊聽(電話等)150.tender a.嫩的;脆弱的;敏感的;溫柔的,溫厚的 v.提出,提供;投標(biāo) The president tendered his resignation.總統(tǒng)遞交了他的辭職信。151.by the same token 由于同樣原因,同樣地

      152.trust v.盼望,希望;委托 n.委托,信托;托拉斯(壟斷)trust: 動(dòng)詞,“委托”。153.table: “表格”。

      154.take advantage of: “利用”或者“欺侮”。

      155.tailor: 動(dòng)詞,“調(diào)整,修改,使 … 適合于”。

      156.take care of: 照顧,照看 中性詞組,貶義概念表示“教訓(xùn),處置”。157.tap: 動(dòng)詞“ 開發(fā)利用 ”,這個(gè)詞在報(bào)紙雜志中很常用,可以替代 exploit。158.tell: 動(dòng)詞含義中有“顯現(xiàn)”和“區(qū)分”兩個(gè)常用的含義。

      159.tend to: “ 往往,通常情況是 ”。不要總是將這個(gè)詞組理解成為“傾向于”。160.term: “ 名稱,說法,術(shù)語 ”。2.把…稱做

      161.in terms of: “ 以 … 方式,以 … 衡量,就 … 而言 ”,這個(gè)詞的含義太靈活,因此

      在各種

      考試中幾乎都是被選擇頻率最高的詞組。162.thick: “煙霧稠密的”。163.thirst for: “渴望”。

      164.tie: 名詞,含義為“ 關(guān)系,聯(lián)系 ”,比如 international tie。165.tip: “提示,指點(diǎn),內(nèi)部消息”。166.toast: 動(dòng)詞“慶賀,慶?!?。167.toilet: 名詞“洗漱化妝用品”。168.top: 形容詞“最好的”。169.treat: 動(dòng)詞,名詞“請(qǐng)客”。170.touch: 動(dòng)詞“感動(dòng)”。171.trace to: “找到 … 的根源”。172.trim: “少量削減”。173.treasure: 動(dòng)詞“重視”。

      174.tube: 口語中是“電視”的意思,在英式英語中指“倫敦的地鐵系統(tǒng)”。175.utter v.說,發(fā)出(聲音)a.徹底的,完全的 176.upset v.打翻,推翻 Upset a room.弄亂房間 177.uneasy: “不自在,憂慮擔(dān)心”。178.utter: 形容詞“純粹的,完全的”。179.variation n.變種,變異 180.value: 動(dòng)詞,“重視”。

      181.venture v.大膽表示 n.冒險(xiǎn)事業(yè) joint venture 合資企業(yè)

      182.virtual: 首先,這個(gè)詞有“實(shí)際上”的含義,此外,在科技英語中,含義為“ made, done,seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world ”,中文翻譯成 “網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬的,仿真的”,這兩個(gè)含義相差也非常遠(yuǎn)。183.voice: v.“用言語表達(dá),吐露”。

      184.wage v.進(jìn)行,開展 wage a war 發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) 185.want: 翻譯為“嚴(yán)重缺乏”。186.wave: “高潮,新趨勢(shì)”。187.watch n.手表,監(jiān)視,監(jiān)督

      188.weigh: v.“權(quán)衡,認(rèn)真掂量”。

      189.when: 根據(jù)上下文可以翻譯為“如果”或者“然而”。when it comes to: “當(dāng)我們面臨或談

      到某個(gè)問題時(shí)”。

      190.while: 在閱讀理解內(nèi)容中基本都是“ 雖然 ”的含義。191.will: 名詞,“ 意志,意愿 ”或“遺囑”。192.wind up: “(商業(yè)活動(dòng)等)結(jié)束 ”。

      193.wing: 建筑用語中指“ 一座建筑物的兩翼 ”。194.wisdom: 日常生活中的含義是“ 觀點(diǎn),意見 ”。195.word: 動(dòng)詞,“ 譴詞造句,措辭 ”。

      第三篇:考研英語熟詞生義歸納(一)

      考研英語熟詞生義歸納

      (一)1.abide(by)v.① 遵守,服從We must abide by the promise made by us.我們必須遵守我們作出

      的諾言。② 忍受,忍耐 You will have to abide by the consequences.你將必須忍受其后果。2.abroad adj.① 在國(guó)外,到國(guó)外;② everywhere遍布,到處 There is a rumor abroad that he is a liar.謠言到處說他是個(gè)騙子。

      3.above / beyond: 介詞,后面接抽象而不是具體名詞時(shí)表示“無法做到”,例如:“above

      comprehension”的意思是“無法理解”,beyond dispute毋庸置疑。4.in the absence of something: “缺少,沒有”,用于替代“in short of”或者“be

      lacking in”。

      5.be absorbed in something: “專注于某事”。

      6.abuse: 用在物品詞后面表示“過量使用”,比如drug abuse(藥物或毒品濫用),用在有生命的

      事物后面則表示“虐待”。systematic patient abuse(蓄意對(duì)病人的虐待)7.have access to something: 通道,通路;機(jī)會(huì)。比如“have access to town”表示“有道

      路通往市區(qū)”,“have access to the teacher”則是“有條件向老師請(qǐng)教”。

      8.account

      “帳戶,解釋,解說,敘述”。An agreed account 共識(shí);on account of 因?yàn)?9.account for

      “解釋,說明”,但常理解翻譯成“是…的原因”。10.acknowledge 答謝;承認(rèn)。

      11.acquire獲得,學(xué)會(huì),兼并,占有。比如,acquire bad habits”“養(yǎng)成壞習(xí)慣”,acquire a language(習(xí)得一門語言);acquire a firm(兼并一家公司)。12.in action 起作用

      13.adapt: 適應(yīng),(將某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究成果)應(yīng)用于(另一領(lǐng)域)”。14.address somebody: “對(duì)某人說話,發(fā)言”。

      15.afford: “承擔(dān)得起”,后面可以接表示金錢,時(shí)間或者情感的詞匯。

      16.agent: 代理人,代理機(jī)構(gòu),在生物化學(xué)領(lǐng)域,這個(gè)詞翻譯成“介質(zhì),載體”,而在計(jì)算機(jī)英語中則

      是“服務(wù)器”的意思。

      17.agree with: “使人或者身體的某個(gè)部分覺得舒適”。18.agreeable: “愜意,令人愉快,恰到好處”。19.agreement: 一致的意見,合同,條約。20.air 氣氛,氛圍

      21.in the air: 表示“懸而未決,仍在醞釀中”。22.allowance 津貼,補(bǔ)貼。

      23.alone: 閱讀中有時(shí)和“only”是同一個(gè)意思,即“僅僅”,但是要用在單詞或者句子后面。24.ambitious: 中性詞,“野心”或者“志向”的含義。

      25.amount to: 在翻譯或者閱讀考試中的含義經(jīng)常會(huì)是“竟然達(dá)到…的地步,程度”。

      26.anchor: 動(dòng)詞有“固定,安定”的含義,而名詞的用法中如果是用于新聞界,則表示“新聞播音

      員”。

      27.appeal to somebody: 吸引某個(gè)人的注意力;向…呼吁。28.appeal to court 法律用語,“上訴”。29.appearance: “狀況,現(xiàn)象,外表”。30.apply: 日常生活中是“涂抹,敷藥”的含義。31.apply to something: “適用于”。

      32.approach: 名詞表示“方法,手段”,動(dòng)詞則是“處理,處置”。33.appropriate to: “適用于,與之相應(yīng)”。

      34.argue: 在寫作中可以表示“認(rèn)為”,如果與介詞同時(shí)使用,如“argue for”表示“支持”,“argue against”表示“反對(duì)”。35.argument: “觀點(diǎn),主張”。

      36.arrest one’s attention: “引起某個(gè)人的注意”。37.art: “技術(shù),技能”。

      38.article: 日常生活購(gòu)物場(chǎng)景下表示“一件商品(東西)”,文章,條款。39.assert oneself: “表現(xiàn)自己”或“維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利”。40.association: 聯(lián)想;協(xié)會(huì)

      41.assume: 動(dòng)詞,“承擔(dān)任務(wù)或角色,任職”

      42.attachment: 依賴,眷戀;喜歡; 43.authorities: “政府當(dāng)局” 44.back up: “支持”

      45.balance: 在經(jīng)濟(jì)英語中指的是“帳面余額” 46.bargain: 表示“物超所值的商品,廉價(jià)品”。

      47.based in: 這個(gè)詞綴用在任何一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞的后面,表示“總部位于某個(gè)地方”。48.bear: 表示“承載,承受, 具有,擁有”。

      49.bearing: 用在人的身上指人的“品格,氣質(zhì)”,日常是“方向”的含義。50.better: 動(dòng)詞的意思是“優(yōu)于,勝過”。51.the better part of: “大多數(shù),大半個(gè)”。

      52.bid: 動(dòng)詞是“吩咐,命令”,名詞有的時(shí)候有“試圖,企圖”的含義。

      53.board: 名詞最常用的含義是“委員會(huì)”,動(dòng)詞,后接交通工具則是“上火車,上船,上飛機(jī)”。

      54.bold: 在印刷術(shù)語中是“粗體字”的含義。

      55.be born to do something: “天生有能力做某件事情”。56.be bound to do something: “一定會(huì)做某件事情”。

      57.branch: “分支機(jī)構(gòu)”,看上下文可以翻譯成為“分校,分公司,銀行分行”等等。58.brand–new: “嶄新的”。59.bridge the gap: “縮短差距”。

      60.brief: 動(dòng)詞可以表示“做簡(jiǎn)短介紹”,名詞則是“短會(huì)”。61.budget: 日常生活中可以翻譯成“購(gòu)物計(jì)劃”。

      62.build: 名詞,之“人的身材”,而且應(yīng)當(dāng)是比較健壯的身材,多用于男士。

      63.burst: 與其他一些單詞連接使用,如“burst into tears”或者“burst into laughter”,翻譯

      成“大哭”或者“大笑”。64.business: “事務(wù)”,事情。

      65.but: 后面接名詞時(shí)是“除…以外”,因此“anything but”中文為“就不是…”,而“nothing

      but”則為“就是…”。66.calculate: “盤算,估算”。67.camp: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“駐扎”。68.campaign: “(有益的大型)活動(dòng)”。

      69.cap: 本身的含義是“帽子”,但使用的時(shí)候則可以表示“最高部分,上限”。70.at capacity: 詞組,“全速地,完全地”。71.capture one’s attention: “吸引某個(gè)人的注意力”。72.plague: 動(dòng)詞,“折磨,煩擾,肆虐”。

      73.plain: “十足,徹底”,有的時(shí)候也表示“淺顯易懂”,或者“太過普通”。74.case: 通常的含義是“情況,病例“,如果在法律環(huán)境下則是“案例”。

      75.cast: 日常生活中的含義是“鑄造,塑造”,但是有一些固定的詞組搭配,比如“cast a glance

      at something / somebody”是“將眼光投向某個(gè)事物或某個(gè)人”,“cast light on something”是

      “提供新信息,幫助理解”,而“cast a shadow on something”則是“在某件事情上留下陰影”。76.cause: “事業(yè),目標(biāo)”。77.cease to: “不再出現(xiàn)某種情況”。

      78.ceiling: 在經(jīng)濟(jì)和數(shù)學(xué)用語中通常表示“上限”。

      79.cell: 電池,“cell phone”是“移動(dòng)電話”的美式用法,在生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域則是“細(xì)胞”的意思。80.cement: 作為動(dòng)詞,含義為“鞏固,加強(qiáng)”。81.center on: “以…為中心,圍繞”。

      82.certain: 在心理學(xué)環(huán)境下的英語解釋為“feeling confident about yourself and your

      abilities”,因此中文可以翻譯為“自信”。

      83.chair: 動(dòng)詞的意思是“主持”,相當(dāng)于“preside over”。84.challenge: 懷疑,質(zhì)疑

      85.chance: 科技英語中是“偶然性”的含義,因此“by chance”的意思是“偶然地”。86.channel: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“引導(dǎo)”,名詞是“渠道,路徑;海峽;頻道”的意思。

      87.charge: 動(dòng)詞含義有兩個(gè),在科技英語的環(huán)境下是“充電”,而在日常生活中是“索?。ㄙM(fèi)

      用)”。名詞通常是“電流”的含義。88.be in charge of: “對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé)”。89.check: “遏止,控制”。90.chew: “琢磨,考慮”。91.chip: “芯片”。

      92.choice: 形容詞的意思是“精選的”。

      93.claim: 如果這個(gè)詞后面接的是人,表示的含義是“讓人丟了性命”。94.class: 動(dòng)詞的含義同“classify”基本相同,表示“分類”。名詞意思為:種類 95.clause: 法律用語中是“條款”。96.click: 計(jì)算機(jī)用語中是“點(diǎn)擊”的含義 97.climate: “風(fēng)氣,風(fēng)俗”。98.climb up: 表示數(shù)字“緩慢上升”。

      99.cloudy: “渾濁,模糊不清”,如果指心情,則表示“低沉,陰郁”。100.coach: 動(dòng)詞,“給一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)或個(gè)人做教練或進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)”。

      101.coat: 生物、化學(xué)及醫(yī)藥用語中是“表面,外皮”的含義,因此例如“sugar coating”一類的詞就

      是“糖衣”的含義了。

      102.code: 法律用語中是“規(guī)則,法典”的含義。103.collect: 含義為“領(lǐng)取,接走”。

      104.colony: 生物學(xué)含義為“微生物的種群”。105.command: “掌握,擁有”;

      106.commercial: 名詞是“電視商業(yè)廣告”的含義,而“advertisement”一般指報(bào)紙中的廣告。107.commission: 通常的含義是“任務(wù)”,但是在商業(yè)用語中是“傭金,回扣”的含義。108.be committed to something: “決心做某件事情”。

      109.commitment: “決心”。

      110.communicate one’s idea: “表達(dá)某個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)”。

      111.community: 與其他名詞連用表示“界”,比如“scientific community”就是“科技界”,此外

      復(fù)數(shù)“communities”也有“社會(huì)”的含義。

      112.company: “同伴,一起”。in the company of=together with 113.complain: 在很多時(shí)候都是“投訴”的意思。114.file complaint: 這個(gè)詞組的含義也是“投訴”。

      115.complex: 如果用在建筑學(xué)上,是“一組建筑群”的含義。

      116.concerning: 介詞,“關(guān)于”,相當(dāng)于“with regard to”或者“regarding”。117.concerted: 形容詞,“共同的”,比如“make concerted efforts”表示共同努力。118.be conditioned to: 中文的含義有點(diǎn)象“習(xí)慣于,受…的影響”。

      119.conduct: 這個(gè)詞在英語學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中是非常重要的。首先,作為名詞,含義是“人的行為,品行,舉

      止”,而作為動(dòng)詞,它的含義與“do”基本一致,但主要用于褒義場(chǎng)合。

      120.consequence: 本身是“結(jié)果,后果”,在詞組“far-reaching consequence”中則是“影響,重

      要性”。

      121.constitution: “組成(成分)”,法律用語是“憲法”,因此詞組“constitutional right”

      就是“憲法賦予的權(quán)力”。

      122.consume: 除去其“消費(fèi),消耗”的含義外,如果是“be consumed with”后面接表示情緒的名

      詞,則表示“陷入,不能自拔”,123.contain: 如果這個(gè)詞后面出現(xiàn)的消極內(nèi)容,則表示“抑制,遏制”。

      124.context: 這個(gè)詞與“environment”表示“自然環(huán)境”的含義相對(duì),含義為“(抽象)環(huán)境”,“in the context”這個(gè)詞組在單項(xiàng)詞匯填空或者完型中被選的頻率還是相當(dāng)高的。125.contract: 如果后面接表示疾病的單詞,則做動(dòng)詞的含義是“得了(大病,急病)”。126.contribute: 需要注意這個(gè)詞,因?yàn)樗侵行栽~,如果在消極的場(chǎng)合中,就是“造成”的含義。

      127.conventionally: 字面含義是“常規(guī)上講”,但在閱讀中表示“過去”。128.copy: 動(dòng)詞,“仿效,模仿”。

      129.corner: 動(dòng)詞的含義是“逼迫”,另外在聽力考試中曾出現(xiàn)過“cut the corners”表示“走捷徑,用最簡(jiǎn)潔經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式做事”。

      130.count: 及物動(dòng)詞表示“計(jì)算”,不及物動(dòng)詞則是“算數(shù),起作用”。131.count on: “指望”。

      132.course: “河流的路徑”;課程,引申的含義是“事業(yè)”。

      133.court: 動(dòng)詞“追求”,名詞在法律用語中是“法庭”,體育用語中是“中型球場(chǎng)”,比如籃球,排

      球,網(wǎng)球等等。

      134.cover: “掩蓋”,含有貶義,此外在保險(xiǎn)業(yè)用語中“cover loss”表示“?!U(xiǎn)”。135.crack down upon: “嚴(yán)厲打擊”。

      136.credit: 詞組“give credit for / to”的含義非常靈活,總的來說是“表揚(yáng),嘉獎(jiǎng),歸功于”,但是理解時(shí)要看上下文。

      137.critical: “至關(guān)重要”,寫作中可以用來替代“important”。

      138.a crop of: 描述人的量詞,表示“一批”,替代過去常用的“a generation of”。139.cry: 詞組“a far cry”表示“相差甚遠(yuǎn)”。140.curse: “災(zāi)難,災(zāi)禍”。

      141.cushion: 這個(gè)詞做動(dòng)詞來用表示“減輕,緩和”。142.cut and dried: “輕而易舉的”,簡(jiǎn)潔明了 143.damage: 法律用語中是“賠償金”的含義。144.daring: “大膽,勇敢的”

      145.dawn: 名詞表示“開始,來臨”,動(dòng)詞詞組“dawn upon somebody”表示“理解,明白”。146.deal: 這個(gè)詞的構(gòu)詞能力很強(qiáng),中文只能隨著后面的名詞變化,比如“deal a heavy blow”就表示

      “給…以沉重的打擊”。

      147.defend: 國(guó)防中是“保衛(wèi)”,法律場(chǎng)合是“辯護(hù)”。148.deliberate: 這個(gè)詞做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候是“深思”。

      149.deliver: “發(fā)送,傳送”。多用于發(fā)送信息,消息,郵件等場(chǎng)合。

      150.deposit: 名詞“存款,押金”。

      151.deputy: 用在有些頭銜的前面表示“副職”,比如“deputy prime minister”是“副總理”。152.desert: 動(dòng)詞“拋棄”。

      153.deserted: 形容地點(diǎn)表示“荒無人煙的”,形容人的心情則表示“孤獨(dú),沮喪”。154.desirable: 理想的,想要的

      155.desperate: 形容人做事“拼命,買力氣”。156.detached 客觀的,公正的

      157.develop: 這個(gè)詞的英語解釋為“gradually form / acquire”,因此翻譯的時(shí)候要根據(jù)后面的名

      詞來處理,比如“develop an idea”表示“形成觀點(diǎn)”,“develop a disease”“得病”。158.devise: 動(dòng)詞,“設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)明”。

      159.dig: 動(dòng)詞詞組“dig up”在考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),是“搜集,發(fā)現(xiàn)”的含義。160.digest: 動(dòng)詞“理解”的含義。

      161.direct: 動(dòng)詞含義為“指導(dǎo),命令”,屬于指令性動(dòng)詞。162.discipline: 名詞是“學(xué)科”的意思。163.dismiss: 中文是“打消,否認(rèn)”的含義。

      164.disorder: 精神病學(xué)中這個(gè)詞是“精神錯(cuò)亂,失?!钡暮x。165.disposal: “垃圾”的意思。

      166.disturb: “mentally disturbed”這個(gè)詞組的含義是精神失常的意思。

      167.dive: 這個(gè)詞有“急速下降”的含義,比如“take a nose dive”。168.be divorced from: “分離,脫離”的含義。

      169.document: 動(dòng)詞,“記錄”。documentary: 名詞,“記錄片”。170.domestic: “國(guó)內(nèi)的”,“家中的,家庭的”。

      第四篇:考研熟詞僻義詞

      考研熟詞僻義詞

      (一)absorb /Eb5sR:b/ v [T] 忍耐;忍受: absorb the additional hardships(忍受額外的困苦)During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.[2007 Text 3](與此同時(shí),家庭成員的退休收入也要承擔(dān)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)【常見義】v [T]吸收;吸進(jìn)

      act /Akt/ n [C] 行為;舉動(dòng):This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman.(這種令人驚駭?shù)闹\殺純粹是瘋子的行為。)This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.[2007 Text 1](這次實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功,加上后來那些表明記憶力不是由遺傳決定的實(shí)驗(yàn),使埃里克森得出結(jié)論:記憶行為與其說是一種直覺活動(dòng),不如說是一種認(rèn)知活動(dòng)。)Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the“Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects? behavior.[2010 Section I](出人意料的是,人們最終以將這些研究的結(jié)果命名了為“霍桑效應(yīng)”——一種極具影響力的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為僅僅成為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象這一舉動(dòng)就足以使受試者的行為發(fā)生改變。)Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.[2008 Text 4](而僅僅在那之前的十年,這樣的行為在弗吉尼亞還需要得到立法機(jī)構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)。)n [C](立法機(jī)構(gòu)所立的)法案,法令:Parliament has passed an act which makes such sports illegal.(議會(huì)通過了一項(xiàng)法例,規(guī)定這些娛樂是非法的。)The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.[2013 Text 4](唯一主要的反對(duì)來自大法官安東寧·斯卡利亞,他為州特權(quán)提供了更加強(qiáng)有力的辯護(hù),這些州特權(quán)可回溯到《外國(guó)人與煽動(dòng)叛亂法》這一法案。)【常見義】v [I, T]扮演 v [I]行動(dòng)

      address /E5dres/ v [T](尤指正式地)向(某人或聽眾)講話: The chairman will now address the meeting.(現(xiàn)在由主席向與會(huì)者講話。)Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.[2002 Text 1](因此,談話對(duì)象不同,所談的問題也不同。)v [T] 提出;提交(口頭或書面的報(bào)告)以引起??的注意:address a protest to the faculty senate(向校評(píng)議會(huì)提交抗議書)Regrettably, however, the report?s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.[2014 Text 4](然而,令人遺憾的是,該報(bào)告未能指出文科教育面臨的危機(jī)的實(shí)質(zhì),故其帶來的弊大于利。)v [T] 應(yīng)對(duì);處理: Governments have been slow to address the problem of global warming.(政府在應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖問題上動(dòng)作遲緩。)Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notesthat the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.[2006 Section I](《波士頓環(huán)球報(bào)》的記者克里斯·里迪指出,只有通過綜合規(guī)劃來滿足無家可歸者的各種需求,情況才能夠得到改善。)【常見義】n [C]住址;地址

      agent /5eIdVEnt/ n [C] 原動(dòng)力;動(dòng)因: Technological advances are the chief agents;of change.(技術(shù)進(jìn)步是變革的主要推動(dòng)力。)Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent;of evolution has gone.[2000 Passage 2](由于大部分的變異是由基因引起的,所以又一個(gè)影響進(jìn)化的因素消失了。)【常見義】n [C]代理人,經(jīng)紀(jì)人

      air /eE/ n [C] 氣質(zhì),風(fēng)度:smile with a triumphant air(帶著勝利神情的微笑)Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert?s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” [2011 Text 1](甚至在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》上發(fā)表文章支持任命吉爾伯特的托馬西尼,都稱其為“一位謙遜的音樂家,在他身上沒有指揮家那種令人望而生畏的神態(tài)”。)【常見義】n [U]空氣

      anchor / 5ANkE(r)/ n [C] 主持人;主播: He signed off after nineteen years as CBS news anchor.(在做了 19 年哥倫比亞廣播公司新聞節(jié)目主持人后,他辭職不干了。)Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.[2006 Text 4](快餐食客們、新聞主播們以及發(fā)送短信息者,都在微笑,微笑,微笑。)【常見義】n [C]錨

      answer /5B:nsE(r)/ n [sing](地位、作用等方面的)對(duì)應(yīng)物;相當(dāng)?shù)娜耍?The press called her Britain?s answer to Marilyn Monroe.(新聞界稱她為英國(guó)的瑪麗蓮·夢(mèng)露。)[2013 Text 1] Overdressed is the fashion world?s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan?s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.[2013 Text 1] 邁克爾·波倫的《雜食者的困境》一書是維護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益的暢銷書,而《過度時(shí)裝消費(fèi)》則相當(dāng)于時(shí)尚界的《雜食者的困境》?!境R娏x】n [C]回答 v [I, T] 回答

      appeal /E5pi:l/ v [I](對(duì)某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感興趣:The idea of camping has never appealed to me.(對(duì)露營(yíng)這種想法我從來就不感興趣。)If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.[2007 Part C](如果有關(guān)法律的研習(xí)正開 始成為普通教育的重要組成部分,那么它的目的和方法應(yīng)該會(huì)即刻吸引新聞學(xué)教育者。)【常見義】v [I](向上級(jí)法院)上訴

      appetite /5ApItaIt/ n [C, U] 欲求: an insatiable appetite for books(對(duì)書籍永不滿足的欲望)Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.[2009 Part C](比如,宗教團(tuán)體的成立是為了保衛(wèi)統(tǒng)治階層的利益和抵御邪惡勢(shì)力;家庭生活的建立是為了滿足身體的欲望和維系家族長(zhǎng)久;有組織的勞動(dòng)的興起很大程度上是因?yàn)榕`制度的產(chǎn)生,等等。)【常見義】 n [U]胃口;食欲

      approach /E5prEUtF/ v [T] 處理;對(duì)付: Governments tend to approach the issue from different angles.(政府傾向于從多個(gè)角度處理這個(gè)問題。)Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally(or collaboratively)and innovatively.[2009 Text 1](20世紀(jì) 60 年代末,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人類生來具有四種主要的應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的方法:分析的方法、程式化的方法、相關(guān)聯(lián)的方法(也稱協(xié)作性方法)和創(chuàng)新性的方法。)The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing?s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.[2011 Text 3](如今消費(fèi)者對(duì)于做出購(gòu)買決定這一過程的處理方式,意味著市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的影響力來自于傳統(tǒng)付費(fèi)媒介以外的廣泛因素。)【常見義】n [C]道路;方法

      argue /5B:gju/ v [I, T] 堅(jiān)持,主張:The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.(講演者舉出理由證明應(yīng)該允許更多的移民入境。)If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.[2003 Text 3](他們認(rèn)為,如果鐵路公司對(duì)所有客戶平均收費(fèi),那些可以選擇貨運(yùn)汽車或其他運(yùn)輸方式的客戶就會(huì)另作選擇,從而使剩下的客戶承擔(dān)鐵路的運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。)Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? [2005 Text 1](還記得科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙會(huì)致人死亡,而懷疑者們卻堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我們對(duì)此尚不能確定的那些年嗎?)【常見義】v [I, T]爭(zhēng)論;爭(zhēng)吵

      arm /B:m / v [T] 提供(設(shè)備,信息等);配備: I?ll need to arm myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.(在與他們正式見面前,我需要了解所有的事實(shí)。)Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.[2004 Text1](有的人用它來密切關(guān)注對(duì)于本行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)需求或搜集有關(guān)薪水的信息以備加薪談判時(shí)胸有成竹。)【常見義】 n [C]手臂

      assume /E5sju:m/ v [T] 呈現(xiàn);具有(特定的性質(zhì)、外表或程度): Militant activity had assumed epidemic proportions.(軍事活動(dòng)呈蔓延之勢(shì)。)In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.[2013 Part C](從中,我們可以看到人類親近大自然的天性(對(duì)接觸非人類生命的渴望)呈現(xiàn)出一種奇特的表現(xiàn)形式。)【常見義】v [T]假定,認(rèn)為

      attack /E5tAk/ n [C,U] 抨擊;非難: an attack;on the government?s policies(對(duì)政府政策的抨擊)The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.[2000 Passage 5](對(duì)野心的抨擊比比皆是,并且角度各不相同;公開為雄心辯解的人則寥寥無幾,雖然他們不至于毫無吸引力,但卻無法給人留下深刻印象。)【常見義】v [I, T]進(jìn)攻;攻擊

      bar /bB: / n [S] 法律專業(yè)(人士),法律界: Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.[2014 Text 2](另一種提議是主張學(xué)生在法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)兩年后就進(jìn)行司法考試。)【常見義】n [C]棍,棒;酒吧

      bear /beE(r)/ v [T] 承擔(dān);擔(dān)負(fù): the expert?s fee shall be borne by the tenant(專家費(fèi)要由承租人負(fù)擔(dān))Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families?future healthcare.[2007 Text 3](醫(yī)療保健的絕對(duì)支出和家庭所承擔(dān)的份額都提高了,最近流行的健康儲(chǔ)蓄計(jì)劃正從立法機(jī)構(gòu)延伸到沃爾瑪員工中,該計(jì)劃增加了醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)扣減額,也增加了家庭未來醫(yī)療保健方面的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)【常見義】n [C]熊

      bill /bIl/ n [C](提交議會(huì)討論的)法案: propose a bill(提出一項(xiàng)議案)In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill;that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.[2001 Section II](為 了大力加強(qiáng)對(duì)報(bào)界的法律控制,大法官歐文勛爵將提交一份草案,提出向證人付費(fèi)將被視為非法,并且嚴(yán)格控制開庭前對(duì)案情的公開程度。)【常見義】n [C]賬單

      board /bR:d/ n [C] 委員會(huì);理事會(huì);董事會(huì): He sits on the company?s management board.(他是公司的管理委員。)He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.” [2002 Text 4](他說,行醫(yī)執(zhí)照頒發(fā)委員會(huì)“必須明確表明??病人痛苦的死亡可以推定為由于醫(yī)生治療不力造成的,應(yīng)該吊銷其行醫(yī)執(zhí)照?!保境R娏x】n [C]木板

      book /bUk/ v [T] 記載;把??記錄在冊(cè): book the loss(記錄損失)And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.[2010 Text 4](另外,缺少活力的市場(chǎng)在一定程度上反映銀行系統(tǒng)的癱瘓,為避免賬面損失,他們不愿意出售資產(chǎn),也不愿意收購(gòu)那些所謂的廉價(jià)資產(chǎn)。)【常見義】n [C]書;書籍

      branch /brB:ntF/ n [C](知識(shí)的)分科;(語言的)分系:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.[2003 Part B](社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支,它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣,用理性、有序、系統(tǒng)和冷靜的方式去研究人類及其活動(dòng)。)Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing;living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emersion would say, is something else.[2006 Part C](精通人類知識(shí)的某個(gè)分支是一回事;而生活在如愛默生所說的“公眾、卓越的思考”之中,又是另外一回事。)【常見義】n [C]樹枝

      buy /baI/ v [T]認(rèn)為合乎情理而接受(某事物);相信: No one will buy that excuse.(誰也不會(huì)相信那個(gè)借口。)Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.[2005 Text 2](許多美國(guó)人接受了這些無稽之談,結(jié)果在過去的三十多年里,差不多有一千萬煙民早早地進(jìn)了墳?zāi)埂#境R娏x】v [T]購(gòu)買;采購(gòu)

      canned /kAnd/ adj(音樂、笑聲或掌聲)預(yù)先錄好的: Is there any canned laughter in the TV programme?(在此電視劇中有預(yù)先錄制的笑聲嗎?)And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way.[2007 Part B](長(zhǎng)時(shí)間觀看帶有錄制好笑聲的電視節(jié)目只能讓孩子被動(dòng)地處理信息。)【常見義】adj 罐裝的

      capacity /kE5pAsEti/ n [C, U] 能力;才能: a child?s capacity for learning(孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力)“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men?s,” she observes,“it?s just that they?re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” [2008 Text 1](她指出:“她們承受壓力的能力甚至可能比男性更強(qiáng),只是她們要處理的事情更多,因此她們的疲態(tài)出現(xiàn)得更早、更明顯?!保境R娏x】n [U]容量

      carry /5kAri/ v [T] 備有(貨物)供銷售: The sports shop carries a full range of equipments.(這個(gè)體育用品商店有各類商品出售。)And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.[2010 Text 4](除非銀行出售的有毒資產(chǎn)在價(jià)格上足夠吸引買家,否則銀行系統(tǒng)的復(fù)興將十分艱難。)【常見義】v [T]攜帶;搬運(yùn)

      case /keIs/ n(語法)格(語言中用來表示形容詞、名詞、代詞與另一詞關(guān)系的形式):possessive case(所有格)Mr.McWhorter?s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005 Text 4](麥克沃特先生的專業(yè)是語言史與語言演變,他認(rèn)為諸如“whom”這一類詞的逐漸消失是自然的,與古英語中詞格尾綴的消失一樣沒什么可惋惜的。)【常見義】n [C] 事例;實(shí)例

      catch /kAtF/ n [U] 所捕獲的某事物(的量): a huge catch of fish(大量捕獲的魚)That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.[2006 Text 3](這表明更高比例的生物正在被捕撈,因此現(xiàn)在與過去的真正差異可能比記錄的捕撈量變化所體現(xiàn)的差異更大。)【常見義】v [T]抓住;接住

      celebrate /5selIbreIt/ v [T] 歌頌,贊揚(yáng):a sonnet that celebrates love(歌頌愛情的十四行詩)In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? [2011 Text 4](在一個(gè)一直歌頌生育的社會(huì)中,承認(rèn)后悔生育孩子就相當(dāng)于承認(rèn)自己支持殘殺幼貓,這有什么奇怪的嗎?)【常見義】v [T]慶祝

      cement /sI5ment/ v [T] 加強(qiáng);鞏固: cement a friendship(加強(qiáng)友誼)They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.[2014 Text 3](它們可能會(huì)使同行評(píng)審研究的現(xiàn)狀停滯不前。)【常見義】n [U]水泥

      chair /tFeE(r)/ v [T] 主持;監(jiān)管: Would you like to chair tomorrow?s meeting?(你愿意主持明天的會(huì)議嗎?)Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O?Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.[2003 Text 4](最高法院法官桑德拉·戴·歐康奈現(xiàn)在已經(jīng) 70 多歲了,而前衛(wèi)生局局長(zhǎng) C.埃弗雷特·庫伯 80 多歲時(shí)還擔(dān)任一家新興互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的負(fù)責(zé)人。)【常見義】n [C]椅子

      challenge /5tFAlIndV/ v [T] 質(zhì)疑:This new discovery challenges traditional beliefs.(這項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)觀念提出了異議。)We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other?s reasoning and each other?s conceptions of reason.[2012 Text 3](我們一起思考,一起懷疑、修正和完善彼此的推理過程,以及彼此對(duì)理性的理解。)n [C]質(zhì)問;懷疑:a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority(對(duì)首相的權(quán)威性鄭重提出的異議)Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.[2012 Text 3](新發(fā)表的看似至關(guān)重要且有說服力的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明和可靠發(fā)現(xiàn)總是會(huì)受到質(zhì)疑,并且可能會(huì)被后來的研究者修改或者反駁,這不足為奇。)【常見義】v [T]挑戰(zhàn) n [C] 挑戰(zhàn)

      check /tFek/ v [T] 阻礙;制止:check an impulse to laugh(抑止住想要笑的沖動(dòng))The police are failing to take adequate measures to check the growth in crime.[2000 Passage 5](警方未能采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣碜柚狗缸锫噬仙?。)【常見義】v [T]檢查

      clash /klAF/ n [C] 沖突;爭(zhēng)論: The plans put oil companies in a head-on clash;with environmentalists.(這些計(jì)劃使石油公司和環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者發(fā)生了正面沖突。)The astonishing distrust of the news media isn?t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash;of world views between reporters and their readers.[2001 Passage 3](對(duì)新聞媒體出奇的不信任并不是源于報(bào)道失實(shí)或報(bào)道水平欠佳,而是源于記者和讀者每天都發(fā)生著的世界觀的沖突。)【常見義】n [C]碰撞聲;撞擊聲

      class /klB:s/ v [T] 把??分類;將??歸類: Heroin and cocaine are classed as hard drugs.(海洛因和可卡因歸入硬毒品一類。)With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[2000 Passage 3](然而,對(duì)于未來主義詩歌而言,情況卻很難說。因?yàn)闊o論未來主義詩歌什么樣,即使承認(rèn)其理論依據(jù)可能是正確的,也很難將其歸類于文學(xué)。)n [C] 種類: a rare class of butterflies(一類稀有的蝴蝶)It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” [2010 Text 2](它“有可能導(dǎo)致一整類商業(yè)方法專利被撤銷”。)【常見義】n [C]階級(jí);班級(jí);課

      cloak /klEUk/ v [T] 隱藏;覆蓋;掩飾: She cloaked her embarrassment by rushing into speech.(她急忙開口說話,以掩飾自己的尷尬。)Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” [2011 Text 2](他沒有用一些常見的模棱兩可的借口掩飾自己的離開,反而坦言離職是為了“追求自己經(jīng)營(yíng)一家公司的目標(biāo)”。)【常見義】n [C]斗篷;披風(fēng)

      cloud /klaUd/ v [T] 毀壞(某事物);威脅: I hope this disagreement won?t cloud our friendship.(我希望這一分歧不會(huì)影響我們的友誼。)A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.[2011 Text 2](同時(shí),動(dòng)蕩的商業(yè)環(huán)境也使得高級(jí)經(jīng)理人格外小心,避免讓模糊不清的表態(tài)給自己的名譽(yù)蒙上陰影。)【常見義】n [C, U]云

      code /kEUd/ n [C] 行為準(zhǔn)則;行為規(guī)范: The profession has a strict code of practice.(這一行有嚴(yán)格的行業(yè)守則。)The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.[2002 Text 4](醫(yī)學(xué)界正采取措施讓年輕的醫(yī)生在晚期病人療養(yǎng)所接受培訓(xùn),檢驗(yàn)各種大膽的鎮(zhèn)痛療法方面的知識(shí),為醫(yī)院所提供的臨終關(guān)懷制定醫(yī)療收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),同時(shí)也為評(píng)估和處理病人彌留之際的病痛建立新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)Part of the problem is that the justices are not bound by an ethics code.[2012 Section I](部分原因在于法官并不為道德規(guī)范所約束。)【常見義】n [C, U]密碼;代碼

      comb /kEUm/ v [T] 細(xì)查;搜尋: Police combed the area for the murder weapon.(警察在這個(gè)地區(qū)仔細(xì)搜索兇器。)In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers? stores in Athens, Greece.19[2014 Part B](世紀(jì)末期,英國(guó)考古學(xué)家亞瑟·埃文斯爵士逐一搜尋了希臘雅典的古玩店。)【常見義】n [C]梳子

      community /kE5mju:nEtI/ n [CGp](由同宗教、同種族、同職業(yè)或其他共同特征的人組成的)團(tuán)體;界:The police haven?t really done anything for the black community in particular.(警方并沒有特別為黑人團(tuán)體做什么。)On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002 Text 4](另一方面,許多醫(yī)學(xué)界的人承認(rèn),協(xié)助病人自殺的爭(zhēng)論之所以升溫,部分原因是病人的絕望情緒。對(duì)他們來說,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)只是延長(zhǎng)了他們彌留之際肉體上的苦痛。)n [C](生態(tài))群落:communities of insectivorous birds(食蟲鳥類群落)Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.[2010 Part C](然而,這些生物卻是生物群落的成員,如果生物群落的穩(wěn)定性取決于其完整性,那么這些生物就有權(quán)繼續(xù)生存下去。)【常見義】n [C] 社會(huì);社區(qū)

      company /5kQmpEnI/ n [U] 陪伴:I enjoy his company.(我喜歡和他在一起。)As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.[2002 Section II](正如前面所講的,直到 19 世紀(jì),報(bào)紙才繼小冊(cè)子和圖書之后,與期刊一起,成為電子時(shí)代到來之前的最重要的傳播媒介。)【常見義】n [C]公司;商行

      conceive /kEn5si:v/ v [I, T] 懷孕;受孕:She was told she couldn't conceive.(她得知自己不能懷孕。)Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania.[2007 Text 1](酷愛足球運(yùn)動(dòng)的父母更有可能在春季懷孕,因?yàn)槟鞘且荒曛凶闱蚩駸岬膸p峰季節(jié)。)【常見義】v [I, T]構(gòu)思;想象

      constitutes /5kCnstItju:t/ v [T] 是;被算作: The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.(犯罪率上升是對(duì)社會(huì)的威脅。)A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.[2001 Passage 1](只要比較一下過去的一個(gè)半世紀(jì)里的英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),不僅僅是研究的首要地位越來越受到強(qiáng)調(diào),而且學(xué)術(shù)文章的發(fā)表標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也在發(fā)生改變。)【常見義】 v [T]組成;構(gòu)成

      考研熟詞僻意

      (二)contend /kEn5tend/ v [T] 主張(某事物);爭(zhēng)辯;認(rèn)為,聲稱: I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.(我認(rèn)為失業(yè)是我們社會(huì)最為嚴(yán)重的弊病。)Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” [2002 Text 4](蒙特非奧爾醫(yī)療中心主任南希·道布勒認(rèn)為,這一原則將庇護(hù)那些醫(yī)生——他們“直到現(xiàn)在還堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為,如果加大劑量可能會(huì)加速病人死亡,他們總不能給病人足夠的藥物來控制他們的痛苦?!保㊣t is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town?s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.[2006 Text 2](皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)聲稱,看戲的人為小鎮(zhèn)帶來了大量的收入,因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诖诉^夜(有些甚至住四到五個(gè)夜晚),把大把大把的錢花在酒店以及飯店中。)But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.[2012 Text 1](但是蒂娜?羅森堡在其新書《加入俱樂部》中主張,通過她所說的社會(huì)治療,朋輩壓力也可以成為一種積極的力量。在社會(huì)治療的過程中,各機(jī)構(gòu)及官員運(yùn)用群體動(dòng)力來幫助個(gè)人改善生活,并有可能改變世界。)【常見義】v [I, T]爭(zhēng)斗;競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

      course /kR:s/ n [S](時(shí)間的)進(jìn)程,過程:In the course of my long life I've known many changes.(我在漫長(zhǎng)的一生中飽經(jīng)滄桑。)Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course.[2005 Text 3](并設(shè)想你期望的另一種結(jié)局;下次再做類似的夢(mèng)的時(shí)候,努力及時(shí)醒來以控制夢(mèng)的進(jìn)程。)His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.[2006 Part C](他的職責(zé)與法官相似,必須承擔(dān)這樣的責(zé)任:用盡可能明了的方式來展現(xiàn)引導(dǎo)自己作出決定的推理過程。)n [C](船只或飛行器的)航向,航線:The course of the ship was due north.(這條船的航行方向是正北。)Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.[2015 Part C](有時(shí)候風(fēng)暴使船只嚴(yán)重偏離航線,而風(fēng)平浪靜又常常使他們陷入漫長(zhǎng)得難以忍受的淹留之中。)【常見義】n [C] 課程

      cover /5kQvE(r)/ v [T](新聞?dòng)浾撸﹫?bào)道: The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.(英國(guó)廣播公司將報(bào)道這次錦標(biāo)賽的所有重要賽事。)In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.[2010 Text 1](在那段遙遠(yuǎn)的歲月里,人們認(rèn)為各大報(bào) 紙的評(píng)論家應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)他們所報(bào)道的事件予以詳盡全面的描述。)【常見義】v [T]覆蓋;遮蓋

      coverage /5kQvErIdV/ n [C, U] 新聞報(bào)道: media / newspaper / press coverage(媒體 /報(bào)紙 / 報(bào)刊的報(bào)道)Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.[2010 Text 1](在過去的 25 年中,英文報(bào)紙發(fā)生的影響最為深遠(yuǎn)的變化可能就是藝術(shù)報(bào)道的范圍勢(shì)不可擋的縮減和其嚴(yán)肅性的下降。)【常見義】n [U]范圍

      craft /krB:ft/ v [T] 精心制作: He crafted the chair lovingly.(他精心制作了這把椅子。)To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students? ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.[2014 Text 4](為了激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和競(jìng)爭(zhēng),該報(bào)告呼吁增加科研投入,精心設(shè)計(jì)條理清晰的課程,以提高學(xué)生在 21 世紀(jì)解決問

      題的能力和有效溝通的能力,呼吁增加對(duì)教師的投入,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)者應(yīng)用他們的研究來應(yīng)對(duì)如今的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。)【常見義】n [C]手藝,工藝

      critical /5krItIkl/ adj 重要的;緊要的;關(guān)鍵性的: It is absolutely critical for us to know the truth.(我們知道真相是極其重要的。)“How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.[2007 Text 2](斯滕伯格在《智力測(cè)試有多準(zhǔn)?》一文中指出,傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試能夠很好地評(píng)估分析能力和語言能力,但無法衡量創(chuàng)造力和實(shí)踐能力,而這些也是解決問題和獲得成功的關(guān)鍵因素。)【常見義】adj 批評(píng)的;非難的

      criticism /5krItIsIzEm/ n [C, U](文學(xué)、藝術(shù)等的)評(píng)論: Literary and art criticism is a complex question which requires a great deal of special study.(文藝批評(píng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題,需要大量專門的研究。)It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.[2010 Text 1](對(duì)于 40 歲以下的普通讀者而言,他們難以想象一個(gè)可以在大多數(shù)大城市的報(bào)紙上讀到高質(zhì)量的藝術(shù)評(píng)論的時(shí)代。)【常見義】n [U]批評(píng);指責(zé)

      crop /krCp/ v [T] 收割;收獲: the number of trout cropped each year(每年鱒魚的捕獲量)That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.[2006 Text 3](而發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變化很重要,因?yàn)槔碚摫砻饕粋€(gè)漁場(chǎng)只有在目標(biāo)捕撈物種的生物量保持在原始基數(shù)的 50%左右時(shí),才能獲得最大可持續(xù)捕撈量。)【常見義】n [C]莊稼;農(nóng)作物

      cultivate /5kQltIveIt/ v [T] 力求獲得某人的友誼或支持:You must cultivate people who can help you in business.(你得結(jié)交在業(yè)務(wù)上對(duì)你有用的人。)They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.[2012 Section I](法官被授予終身職位,這樣他們可以無所顧慮地去觸碰當(dāng)權(quán)者,同時(shí)無需尋求政治支持。)【常見義】v [T]培養(yǎng);栽培

      curb /k:b/ n [C] 控制;約束: government curbs on spending(政府對(duì)開支的限制)Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.[2010 Text 2](對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利申請(qǐng)的控制將是聯(lián)邦巡回法院[對(duì)該類專利]態(tài)度的徹底轉(zhuǎn)變,因?yàn)檎锹?lián)邦巡回法院自身在1998 年所謂“道富銀行案”的裁決中引入了這類專利,當(dāng)時(shí)法院批準(zhǔn)對(duì)某種共同投資資產(chǎn)的管理方法授予專利。)Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.[2013 Text 1](盡管有些快速時(shí)裝消費(fèi)品公司已經(jīng)在為抑制對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境的影響而努力,比如 H&M 公司推出了“環(huán)保意識(shí)時(shí)尚”系列,但克萊因認(rèn)為,只有消費(fèi)者才能帶來持久的改變。)【常見義】n [U]路緣

      deliver /dI5lIvE(r)/ v [T] 發(fā)表(正式講話): He will deliver a lecture on endangered species.(他將做一個(gè)關(guān)于瀕危物種的講座。)Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002 Text 1](你可以輕松、自然地在談話中加進(jìn)一些隨意的、看似即興的評(píng)論。)【常見義】v [T]遞送、傳送(信件、包裹、貨物等)

      discipline /5dIsIplIn/ n [C]學(xué)科;教學(xué)科目:When did sociology emerge as a distinct discipline?(社會(huì)學(xué)是何時(shí)成為獨(dú)立學(xué)科的?)Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.[2003 Part C](人類學(xué)是一門以實(shí)地研究為導(dǎo)向的學(xué)科,它大量使用比較分析的方法。)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities.[2007 Part C](幾百年來,法律研習(xí)在歐洲大學(xué)中一直被認(rèn)為是一門基礎(chǔ)的知識(shí)學(xué)科。)【常見義】n [U] 紀(jì)律

      dismiss /dIs5mIs/ v [T] 拒絕考慮;否認(rèn): He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.(他只是笑了笑,認(rèn)為我的建議不切實(shí)際,拒絕考慮。)Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.[2009 Text 1](我們不必把自己看作一成不變的習(xí)慣性生物,相反,我們可以通過有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣來主動(dòng)地作出改變。)【常見義】v [T]開除;解雇

      dramatic /drE5mAtIk/ adj 突然的;巨大的;令人吃驚的: The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices.(這則公告對(duì)房屋價(jià)格產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。)The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.[2011 Text 3](同樣劇烈的技術(shù)變革為營(yíng)銷人員提供了更多的且不同的通訊選擇,同時(shí)也增加了風(fēng)險(xiǎn),因?yàn)榍榫w激動(dòng)的消費(fèi)者會(huì)以更快、更明顯和更具破壞性的方式表達(dá)他們的意見。)【常見義】adj 戲劇的

      dumb /dQm/ adj 愚蠢的: a dumb decision(愚蠢的決定)It?s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.[2011 Text 4](很難想象,很多人會(huì)愚蠢到僅僅因?yàn)槿疖绾桶布惸仁股⒆涌瓷先ス怩r迷人就想要生孩子:多數(shù)成年人都明白,養(yǎng)孩子可不像剪頭發(fā)那樣簡(jiǎn)單。)【常見義】adj 啞的

      embrace /Im5breIs/ v [T] 欣然接受(或支持)(某種信仰、理論、改變等):Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railroads.(許多國(guó)家都已經(jīng)熱情高漲地接受了高速鐵路這一概念。)Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.[2010 Text 3](營(yíng)銷人員支持“二級(jí)傳播”理論,因?yàn)樵摾碚摫砻髦灰麄兡苷业缴鐣?huì)中有影響力的人,并對(duì)其施加影響,那么這些挑選出來的人就可以為他們完成大部分的工作。)【常見義】v [T]擁抱

      end /end/ n [C] 目的;目標(biāo): She?ll do anything to achieve her own ends.(她會(huì)全力以赴實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。)“Our main end was to catch fish.”“我們主要是來這里捕魚的?!盵2009 Text 4] 【常見義】n [C]結(jié)束;終端 v [T]結(jié)束;終止

      exploit /Ik5splRIt/ v [T](為獲取利益而)利用: We need to exploit every opportunity for media coverage.(我們需要利用每一個(gè)媒體宣傳的機(jī)會(huì)。)While traditional “paid”media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.[2011 Text 3](雖然傳統(tǒng)的“付費(fèi)”媒介——比如電視廣告和平面廣告——仍然扮演著重要的角色,但如今企業(yè)還可以利用許多其他形式的媒介。)【常見義】v [T]剝削

      fabricate /5fAbrIkeIt/ v [T] 編造,虛構(gòu): fabricate an excuse(編造借口)The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well-studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.[2004 Part B](這些新近被描述的語言往往與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲語言及東南亞語言極其不同,以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾偽造資料。)【常見義】v [T]制作;創(chuàng)造

      fair /feE/ n [C] 集市;廟會(huì):Every autumn I go to the county fair.(每個(gè)秋季我都去縣里的集市。)For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animal—no meat, no fur, no medicines.[2003 Text 2](舉例來說,在最近的一次街頭集市上,一位張羅了一個(gè)動(dòng)物權(quán)利宣傳攤的老太太在發(fā)小冊(cè)子,鼓勵(lì)人們不要使用來自動(dòng)物或者在動(dòng)物身上做過實(shí)驗(yàn)的任何東西——不吃肉,不穿毛皮,也不吃藥。)【常見義】adj 公平的;公正的

      fashion /5fAFn/ v [T] 改革;改變: fashion the social institutions of the old(改變舊的社會(huì)習(xí)俗)Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.[2013 Text 4](而亞利桑那州試圖改變州政策,欲與已存在的聯(lián)邦法令并駕齊驅(qū)。)v [T] 形成;設(shè)計(jì)或制作某物: He fashioned a box from a few old pieces of wood.(他用幾塊舊木頭做了個(gè)盒子。)There is no doubt that gardens evidence an irrepressible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge.[2013 Part C](毫無疑問,花園證實(shí)了一種不可遏制的想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作、表達(dá)、設(shè)計(jì)和美化的強(qiáng)烈愿望,并印證了自我表達(dá)是人類的基本需求。)If the Administration won?t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.[2005 Text 2](如果政府沒有率先立法,國(guó)會(huì)就應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助制定相應(yīng)的保護(hù)措施。)【常見義】n [C, U]風(fēng)尚,時(shí)尚

      father /5fB:TE(r)/ v [T] 做??的父親;生養(yǎng): He fathered three children.(他有三個(gè)孩子。)They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.[2008 Text 4](科學(xué)家開始這方面的研究在一定程度上是由于在 1998 年獲取的 DNA 證據(jù),這些證據(jù)幾乎毫無疑問地表明托馬斯?杰斐遜和自己的奴隸賽莉?海明斯至少生過一個(gè)孩子。)【常見義】n [C]父親

      feature /5fi:tFE(r)/ n [C](尤指報(bào)刊、節(jié)目的長(zhǎng)篇)特寫,特別報(bào)道: a special feature on children?s reference books(一篇關(guān)于兒童參考讀物的專題文章)As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.[2014 Text 3](據(jù)《自然》雜志的一篇新聞專題文章論述,近年來有一系列為研究人員設(shè)立的巨額獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)加入到諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的行列。)v [T] 以??為特色;是??的特征: The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm.(最新款的特色是合金車輪和電子報(bào)警器。)Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.[2006 Text 4](雜志上總是刊登著笑容滿面的名人們以及住在漂亮房子里幸福美滿的家庭。)v [T] 特寫;突出表現(xiàn): This month?s magazine features the new James Bond on the front cover.(本月雜志封面上有新的詹姆斯·邦德的特寫。)Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.[2011 Text 4](實(shí)際上,每周雜志上都至少有一位面帶笑容的明星媽媽或者準(zhǔn)媽媽的特寫。)【常見義】n [C]特點(diǎn),特征

      feed /fi:d/ v [T] 供給;供應(yīng): The public baths are fed by natural springs.(該公共浴池的水來自天然泉水。)If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.[2007 Text 1](如果你再檢查為世界杯和職業(yè)球隊(duì)輸送人才的歐洲國(guó)家青年隊(duì),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)奇怪的現(xiàn)象更為明顯。)【常見義】v [T]喂養(yǎng);飼養(yǎng)

      fertile /5f:taIl/ adj(人、動(dòng)植物)能受孕的;能生育的,有繁殖力的:Karen carefully calculated the period when she was most fertile.(卡倫仔細(xì)地計(jì)算了自己的最佳受孕期。)There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.[2000 Passage 2](還有另一種方式扼殺了人類自身的進(jìn)化:壽命延長(zhǎng),但卻少生孩子。現(xiàn)在沒有幾個(gè)人像過去的人那樣具有旺盛的生育能力了。)【常見義】adj(土壤、土地)肥沃的

      fetch /fetF/ v [T] 售得;賣得: The land could fetch over a million pounds.(這塊地售價(jià)可超過100萬英鎊。)These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.[2010 Text 4](這些準(zhǔn)則規(guī)定,銀行必須以第三方愿意支付的價(jià)格評(píng)估資產(chǎn),而不應(yīng)以價(jià)格管理者們和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)期望售出的價(jià)格來評(píng)估資產(chǎn)。)【常見義】v [T]接來;取來

      field /fi:ld/ v [T] 回答: He fielded some awkward questions very skillfully.(他非常巧妙地回答了幾個(gè)尷尬的問題。)So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, what?s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [2007 Text 2](因此,當(dāng)莎凡回答智商為 100 的普通人提出的諸如“愛與喜歡有何區(qū)別?”或“運(yùn)氣和巧合的本質(zhì)是什么?”這類問題時(shí),人們不禁感到困惑。)【常見義】n [C]田地,牧場(chǎng)

      figure /5fIgE/ n [C] 人物(尤其是著名人物):a famous historical figure(一位著名的歷史人物)Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.[2005 Text 4](美國(guó)人已經(jīng)不再期待公眾人物在演講或?qū)懽髦羞\(yùn)用技巧和文采來駕馭英語了。)Among the commission?s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.[2014 Text 4](該委員會(huì)的 51 名成員包括頂尖大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)、學(xué)者、律師、法官、企業(yè)家,以及來自外交、電影制片、音樂和新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域的杰出代表。)【常見義】n [C]數(shù)字

      fold /fEUld/ v [I] 屈服;抵擋不?。?a team that never folded under pressure(一支從不屈服于壓力的隊(duì)伍)The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.[2010 Text 4](但該委員會(huì)表示不愿在沒有總體規(guī)劃的情況下貿(mào)然行動(dòng),可是到今年稍晚些時(shí)候,當(dāng)IASB 完成自身規(guī)則的改造時(shí),其屈服的壓力將會(huì)很大。)【常見義】v [T]折疊

      forge /fR:dV/ v [T] 形成,建立(關(guān)系): The two women forged a close bond.(兩位女士形成緊密同盟。)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.[2007 Part C](另一方面,它把這些概念同日常生活聯(lián)系起來,其方式與新聞?dòng)浾呙刻靾?bào)道和評(píng)論新聞時(shí)的做法是一樣的。)【常見義】v [T]鍛造;打鐵

      fortune /5fR:tFu:n/ n [C] 財(cái)產(chǎn):She pursued her fortune in another country.(她到他鄉(xiāng)尋求她的財(cái)富。)Consumers say they?re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.[2004 Text 3](消費(fèi)者說,盡管報(bào)紙的頭條新聞很嚇人,他們并不感到絕望,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)自己的財(cái)富狀況仍然感覺良好。)But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.[2007 Text 3](但是今天,家庭收入的減少再也不能靠以前待在家里的伴侶出去賺取額外收入而得到彌補(bǔ)。)【常見義】n [U]運(yùn)氣;機(jī)會(huì)

      frame /freIm/ n [C] 身體;體形: She has quite a small frame.(她身材很瘦小。)The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.[2008 Text 3](近年來,那些從事重要體育項(xiàng)目的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身體發(fā)生了巨大變化,俱樂部的經(jīng)理們也非常樂意調(diào)整隊(duì)服的尺寸以適應(yīng)不斷增多的越來越大、越來越高的身軀。)【常見義】n [C]構(gòu)架

      fuel /5fju:El/ v [T] 維持;煽動(dòng)(激烈的情感或活動(dòng)): His resignation fuelled speculation of an imminent cabinet reshuffle.(他的辭職激起了人們對(duì)內(nèi)閣將隨之重組的猜測(cè)。)On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.[2002 Text 4](另一方面,許多醫(yī)學(xué)界的人承認(rèn),協(xié)助病人自殺的爭(zhēng)論之所以升溫,部分原因是病人的絕望情緒。對(duì)他們來說,現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)只是延長(zhǎng)了他們彌留之際肉體上的苦痛。)【常見義】n [C, U]燃料

      game /geIm/ n [U] 野禽;獵物: game birds(供獵捕的鳥)The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.[2006 Text 3](這些生長(zhǎng)緩慢的大型動(dòng)物很容易被獵殺,所以很快就被獵殺殆盡。)【常見義】n [C]游戲;運(yùn)動(dòng)

      gift /gIft/ n [C] 天賦;稟賦;才能: He has a gift for languages.(他有語言天賦。)“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ?journalism? as ?a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.?” [2010 Text 1](“擁有足夠的智力或文學(xué)天賦來堅(jiān)持新聞寫作的作家是如此之少,”紐曼寫道,“以致我忍不住把?新聞業(yè)?定義為?不受讀者歡迎的作家對(duì)那些廣受歡迎的作家的輕蔑之辭??!保境R娏x】n [C]禮物

      grasp /grB:sp/ v [T] 全面理解(某事);全面領(lǐng)會(huì): I hadn?t really grasped what they were talking about.(我沒有真正明白他們?cè)谡務(wù)撌裁?。)Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.[2004 Text 4](智力尋求的是領(lǐng)會(huì)、操控、重新安排和調(diào)整,而智慧旨在審視、思考、懷疑、推理、批判和想象。)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.[2014 Part C](這也解釋了為何當(dāng)我們力圖用語言描述音樂時(shí)只能說清對(duì)它的感受,而無法領(lǐng)會(huì)音樂本身。)【常見義】v [T]抓?。话盐?/p>

      ground /graUnd/ n [C esp pl]說、做或相信某事的原因或理由:They had no grounds to arrest him.(他們沒有理由逮捕他。)Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone?s cost.[2003 Text 3](鐵路公司認(rèn)為對(duì)“受制約的”托運(yùn)商實(shí)行差別收費(fèi)是合理的,理由是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看,所有人的成本都會(huì)減少。)But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.[2014 Text 2](然而,沒有哪一個(gè)國(guó)家的客戶能比美國(guó)人更有理由抱怨。)【常見義】n [U]土地 n [S]地面

      guide /gaId/ n [C] 有指導(dǎo)意義的事物;準(zhǔn)則: As a rough guide, allow half a cup of rice per person.(大致定個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),就是每人半杯米。)The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.[2011 Text 3](過去,市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷成功的大致準(zhǔn)則就是一分錢一分貨。)【常見義】v [T]引導(dǎo);指導(dǎo)

      handsome /5hAnsEm/ adj 相當(dāng)大的;可觀的: a handsome reward(一筆可觀的報(bào)酬)The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.[2008 Text 2](這份由澳大利亞維多利亞大學(xué)的約翰?霍頓和經(jīng)合組織的格雷姆?維克利合作撰寫的報(bào)告讓那些迄今一直獲利豐厚的出版商讀起來心情沉重。)【常見義】adj 英俊的

      harness /5hB:nIs/ v [T] 統(tǒng)治;管理;支配: If you can harness your energy, you will accomplish a great deal.(如果你能控制你的精力,你將獲得巨大成功。)And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.[2005 Text 3](其中一位重要的權(quán)威人士表示,夢(mèng)這種極為強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)不僅能被控制,事實(shí)上還能被人類有意識(shí)地控制,以使我們睡得更好,感覺更好。)【常見義】v [T]給(馬等)上挽具;套(馬等)hawk /hR:k/ v [T] 叫賣;兜售: Street traders were hawking costume jewellery.(街頭小販正在叫賣不值錢的仿造珠寶。)“There?s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist.[2009 Text 2](紐約大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家特洛伊·迪斯特說:“那些聲稱可以提供血統(tǒng)鑒定的人在兜售虛假的準(zhǔn)確度”。)【常見義】n [C]鷹;隼

      hijack /5haIdVAk/ v [T]把持,控制,使用(本不屬于自己的東西): Environmentalists were accused of hijacking the rally to promote their own aims.(環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者被指控通過操縱這一集會(huì)來促進(jìn)自身目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。)Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.[2011 Text 3](例如,社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的用戶正認(rèn)識(shí)到,他們可以通過控制媒介來對(duì)最初創(chuàng)建這些媒介的企業(yè)施壓。)【常見義】v [T]劫持(飛機(jī)或車輛)

      hit /hIt/ v [T] 達(dá)到(某事物);至: The yen hit a record high in trading today.(在今日的交易中,日元升值到了歷史新高。)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.[2014 Section I](許多人一步入中年,往往就開始注意到他們的記憶力沒有以前好了,頭腦也不如以前清晰了。)【常見義】v [T]打擊;撞擊

      考研英語一熟詞僻意

      (三)hold /hEUld/ v [T] 持有;懷有(觀點(diǎn)或信念): Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease.(專家們對(duì)該病的起因各持己見。)Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.[2002 Text 4](雖然裁決規(guī)定,憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)力,但最高法院實(shí)際上還是支持“雙重效應(yīng)”的醫(yī)學(xué)原則的。這個(gè)延續(xù)了數(shù)百年的道德原則認(rèn)為:當(dāng)某個(gè)行為可能出現(xiàn)兩種結(jié)果時(shí)——一個(gè)是希望達(dá)到的好的結(jié)果,另一個(gè)是可以預(yù)見到的壞的結(jié)果——如果行為的執(zhí)行者期待的只是好的結(jié)果,那么這個(gè)行為是被允許的。)On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately“occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal?s privileged powers.[2013 Text 4](在被推翻的條款中,大多數(shù)法官認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)早已有意“占領(lǐng)了這塊領(lǐng)地”,因此亞利桑那州侵犯了聯(lián)邦政府享有的特權(quán)。)【常見義】v [T]握住;拿住

      honor /5CnE(r)/ v [T] 給??以榮譽(yù);向??表示尊敬: We are here today to honor the men and women who gave their lives for their country.(今天我們?cè)诖讼蚰切樽鎳?guó)獻(xiàn)出生命的人們表示敬意。He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.[2010 Text 1](他于 1967 年被授予爵士稱號(hào),是第一個(gè)獲此殊榮的音樂評(píng)論家。)【常見義】n [U]尊敬;榮譽(yù)

      immune /I5mju:n/ adj 不受某事物影響;不易感受某事物:immune to criticism(不為批評(píng)所動(dòng)搖)Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.” [2006 Text 1](羅德里格斯指出,全世界偏遠(yuǎn)山村的孩子們都是像阿諾·施瓦辛格與加思·布魯克斯這樣的超級(jí)巨星的影迷或歌迷,然而“一些美國(guó)人卻擔(dān)心,居住在美國(guó)境內(nèi)的許多移民不知為何仍對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的同化有免疫力”。)【常見義】adj 有免疫力(因接種疫苗或自發(fā)的)

      inform /In5fR:m/ v [T] 影響(某人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)): Her experience as a refugee informed the content of her latest novel.(她的難民經(jīng)歷影響了她最新推出的小說的內(nèi)容。)Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.[2015 Part B](最理想的是,不同閱讀方式互相影響,彼此作為有用的參照,或相互制約。)【常見義】v [T]通知

      interest /5IntrEst/ n [U]利息:pay interest on a capital sum(付一筆資金的利息)Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.[2000 Part II] 當(dāng)然,他想要設(shè)法獲得低利率貸款,但這種貸款不是經(jīng)常能借到的。

      n [C uss pl] 好處;利益:It is in your best interest to cooperate.(合作對(duì)你最有利。)As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.[2001 Passage 2](隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)日益商業(yè)化,普及上網(wǎng)符合商家利益——因?yàn)椋暇W(wǎng)的人越多,潛在客戶就越多。)For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.[2007 Part C](比如,有關(guān)證據(jù)和事實(shí)、基本權(quán)利和公眾利益這樣的概念在新聞判斷和新聞制作過程中所起的作用就像在法庭上一樣。)【常見義】n [U, sing]興趣

      juggle /5dVQgl/ v [I, T](尤指吃力地)同時(shí)應(yīng)付(幾份工作、多項(xiàng)活動(dòng)等): It?s hard trying to juggle a job with kids and the housework.(既要上班,又要帶孩子、做家務(wù),實(shí)在是太辛苦了。)I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of“juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.[2001 Passage 5](我發(fā)現(xiàn),放棄“為生活打拼”的信條轉(zhuǎn)向“低速生活”,會(huì)帶來遠(yuǎn)比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位更為豐厚的回報(bào)(凱爾西因不堪不斷增加的壓力辭去了《她》雜志編輯的職務(wù)——這件事曾被廣泛報(bào)道),此后,她或許會(huì)與我有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)。)【常見義】v [I, T]玩雜耍

      ladder /5lAdE(r)/ n [C](事業(yè)等發(fā)跡、進(jìn)身、晉升等的)階梯,途徑,門路:He is still on the bottom rung of the political ladder.(他尚處于政治階梯的最低一級(jí)。)The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[2000 Passage 4](戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的一代人進(jìn)入成年以及女性進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑,為進(jìn)所好學(xué)校、找份好工作而攀登日本殘酷的社會(huì)階梯所付出的巨大代價(jià),是否真的值得。)【常見義】n [C]梯子

      lame /le?m/ adj 無說服力的;蹩腳的: Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late.(睡得過久而遲到,這個(gè)借口站不住腳。)They should start by discarding California?s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone—a vast storehouse of digital information—is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect?s purse.[2015 Text 2](智能手機(jī)是一個(gè)龐大的數(shù)字信息儲(chǔ)存庫,而加州論稱,翻查嫌犯的智能手機(jī)如同翻查他們的錢包,法官們首先要做的就是摒棄這個(gè)毫無說服力的論述。)【常見義】adj 瘸的;跛的

      launch /lR:ntF/ v [T] 使(某人、某事物)行動(dòng);使開始: The company is launching a new model next month.(這家公司下個(gè)月將推出新型號(hào)產(chǎn)品。)People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th century department stores that offered ast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.[2006 Text 1](人們沉迷于由19世紀(jì)百貨商店所創(chuàng)造的“消費(fèi)文化”中,這類商店“在一種優(yōu)雅的環(huán)境中供應(yīng)琳瑯滿目的商品”。)【常見義】v [T]使(新船)初次下水

      league /li:g/ n [C] 里格(舊時(shí)長(zhǎng)度單位,約 3 英里或 4.8 公里): Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”(一位事件記錄者說道:“百里之外傳來的氣息猶如鮮花初放的花園那樣芬芳迷人。”)【常見義】n [C]聯(lián)盟

      lean /li:n/ adj(行業(yè)、公司)高效精干的: Staff were pruned, ostensibly to produce a leaner and fitter organization.(裁員表面上是讓公司更有效率,更健康。)Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.[2003 Text 1](在奧斯汀,弗里德曼依靠一個(gè)只有 20 名員工的精干團(tuán)隊(duì)。)【常見義】adj(指人或動(dòng)物)瘦的

      line /lain/ n [C] 行業(yè);行當(dāng): the stresses unique to their line of work(他們這一行業(yè)所特有的壓力)Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.[2004 Text 1](有的人用它來密切關(guān)注對(duì)于本行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)需求或搜集有關(guān)薪水的信息以備加薪談判時(shí)胸有成竹。)n [sing](產(chǎn)品的)類型,種別: This shop has a nice line in winter coats.(這家商店的冬裝大衣很好。)Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.[2013 Text 1](盡管有些快速時(shí)裝消費(fèi)品公司已經(jīng)在為抑制對(duì)勞動(dòng)力和環(huán)境的影響而努力,比如 H&M 公司推出了“環(huán)保意識(shí)時(shí)尚”系列,但克萊因認(rèn)為,只有消費(fèi)者才能帶來持久的改變。)【常見義】n [C]線條;線

      live /laIv/ adj(音樂表演)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的: There is traditional live music played most nights.(大多數(shù)夜晚都有現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂表演。)Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.[2011 Text 1](那些忠實(shí)的音樂會(huì)觀眾反駁說現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出絕非唱片所能替代,但是他們沒有看到問題的實(shí)質(zhì)。)【常見義】v [I]活;生存;居住

      lobby /5lCbi/ v [I, T] 游說: lobby for stronger environmental safeguards(為加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)而游說)Unfortunately, banks? lobbying now seems to be working.[2010 Text 4](令人遺憾的是,銀行的游說如今似乎已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了作用。)n [C] 游說團(tuán)體: a powerful anti-smoking lobby(聲勢(shì)浩大的反吸煙團(tuán)體)That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? [2005 Text 2](還記得他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為反吸煙游說團(tuán)體是在破壞我們的生活方式,而政府應(yīng)當(dāng)置身事外的那些年嗎?)【常見義】n [C]門廳,前廳

      loom /lu:m/ v [I](問題或困難)逼近,臨近: An economic crisis is looming on the horizon.(經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)正在逼近。)My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.[2001 Passage 2](我和我的妻子二十年前就對(duì)這種即將來臨的危險(xiǎn)做過演講。)【常見義】n [C]織布機(jī)

      lot /lCt/ n [C] 命運(yùn)(一般用單數(shù)形式): schemes to improve the lot of the disadvantaged(改善弱勢(shì)群體命運(yùn)的方案)But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.[2013 Text 3](但是我們目前已經(jīng)掌握了足夠多的知識(shí)來減少許多曾威脅過早期人類生存的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及改善后人的命運(yùn)。)【常見義】pron 大量,許多

      margin /5mB:dVIn/ n [C] 利潤(rùn): We?re working to rather tight profit margins.(我們只要求能獲得薄利。)Wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often.[2010 Part B](隨著越來越多的歐洲人更加頻繁地外出就餐,食品服務(wù)業(yè)的批發(fā)需求也迅速增長(zhǎng)。)【常見義】n [C]邊緣;邊界;空白頁邊

      might /maIt/ n [U] 力量;威力: We fear the military might of the enemy.(我們懼怕敵人強(qiáng)大的軍事力量。)The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.[2001 Passage 4](這股浪潮從異?;钴S的美國(guó)席卷到歐洲,并以無與倫比的威力波及到新興國(guó)家。)【常見義】v [aux]可能

      model /5mCdl/ v [T] 以某人/某事物作榜樣;仿效:The design of the building is modelled on classical Greek forms.(那建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)是模仿希臘的古典形式。)What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain?s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.[2002 Text 2](在試圖模擬人類思維的過程中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),人腦中約有一千億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞遠(yuǎn)比以前想象的更聰明,人類的感知方式也遠(yuǎn)比想象中更復(fù)雜。)This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.” [2015 Text 3](這種影響不僅體現(xiàn)在《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的論文上,而且有希望影響到更多想要效仿《科學(xué)》雜志做法的其他出版機(jī)構(gòu)。)【常見義】n [C] 模型

      modest /5mCdIst/ adj(數(shù)量、體積等)不大的,適度的:live on a modest income(靠不高的收入生活)Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy?s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.[2004 Text 3](消費(fèi)者似乎只是有些擔(dān)心,還沒有恐慌,并且很多人還說就在他們稍稍勒緊腰帶的時(shí)候,他們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)前景還是樂觀的。)Politicians have repeatedly“backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.[2012 Text 4](一些政治家再三“變相地提高”公共部門工資協(xié)議中承諾的薪酬待遇——薪資增長(zhǎng)的幅度不大,但增加了假期,尤其是增加了本已非常豐厚的養(yǎng)老金。)【常見義】adj 謙遜的;質(zhì)樸的

      monitor /5mCnItE(r)/ n [C] 監(jiān)測(cè)器;監(jiān)視器: a monitor for radioactivity(放射量探測(cè)器)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.[2001 Section IV](屆時(shí),將會(huì)出現(xiàn)由機(jī)器人主持的電視訪談節(jié)目,及裝有污染監(jiān)測(cè)器的汽車,一旦汽車污染超標(biāo),監(jiān)測(cè)器就會(huì)使其停駛。)【常見義】n [C]班長(zhǎng)

      move /mu:v/ n [C] 措施;行動(dòng): Abolishing the tax altogether would be a bold move.(完全廢除該稅收將會(huì)是一項(xiàng)大膽的舉措。)In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.[2010 Text 2](聯(lián)邦巡回上訴法院宣布將利用某一特定案例,展開對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利的廣泛復(fù)審,這一舉措引起了專利律師們的紛紛議論。)It?s a stunning move.[2012 Text 2](安特吉公司的這一舉動(dòng)令人震驚。)【常見義】v [I]移動(dòng);搬遷

      movement /5mu:vmEnt/ n [C](音)樂章:a symphony in four movements(一首四樂章的交響曲)It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.[2014 Part C](《葬禮進(jìn)行曲》不是《英雄交響曲》的最后樂章而是第二樂章,這并非偶然,這樣一來,痛苦就不會(huì)是最終結(jié)局。)n [CGp, C](在政治、社會(huì)或藝術(shù)等方面持共同見解的)運(yùn)動(dòng): a movement toward world peace(爭(zhēng)取世界和平運(yùn)動(dòng))When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[2000 Passage 3](當(dāng)一場(chǎng)新的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)成為某種潮流時(shí),我們應(yīng)弄清 楚其倡導(dǎo)者的目的所在。因?yàn)闊o論他們的準(zhǔn)則現(xiàn)在看來是多么的牽強(qiáng)附會(huì),不合情理,在將來都有可能被視為正常的事物。)Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research.[2003 Text 2](因?yàn)樯镝t(yī)學(xué)研究依賴于公共資金,而很少有人了解醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的研究過程,所以動(dòng)物權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將矛頭指向了生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究。)【常見義】n [C, U] 移動(dòng);運(yùn)動(dòng);活動(dòng)

      name /neIm/ v [T]提名某人或指定某人任一職務(wù):She has been named as the new director.(她已被任命為新董事。)Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.[2011 Text 2](在離職還不到兩周的時(shí)間,他就與哈特福德金融服務(wù)集團(tuán)董事會(huì)進(jìn)行了首次會(huì)談,9 月 29 日,該公司任命他為首席執(zhí)行官兼董事長(zhǎng)。)【常見義】n [C] 名字;名稱

      nature /5neItFE/ n [U] 本質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);特性:It?s her duty to help them to realize the nature of their problems.(幫助他們認(rèn)識(shí)他們問題本質(zhì)是她的職責(zé)。)Regrettably, however, the report?s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.[2014 Text 4](然而,令人遺憾的是,該報(bào)告未能指出文科教育面臨的危機(jī)的實(shí)質(zhì),故其帶來的弊大于利。)So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe(whose IQ is 100)as, what?s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? [2007 Text 2](因此,當(dāng)莎凡回答智商為 100 的普通人提出的諸如“愛與喜歡有何區(qū)別?”或“運(yùn)氣和巧合的本質(zhì)是什么?”這類問題時(shí),人們不禁感到困惑。)【常見義】n [Mass] 大自然,自然界

      note /nEUt/ v [T] 特別提到;指出: The judge noted that Miller had no previous criminal record.(法官指出米勒沒有前科。)Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation?s assimilative power.” [2006 Text 1](羅德里格斯指出,全世界偏遠(yuǎn)山村的孩子們都是像阿諾·施瓦辛格與加思·布魯克斯這樣的超級(jí)巨星的影迷或歌迷,然而“一些美國(guó)人卻擔(dān)心,居住在美國(guó)境內(nèi)的許多移民不知為何仍對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的同化有免疫力”。)He notes that each individual has many ancestors—numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.[2009 Text 2](他指出每個(gè)人都有許多祖先——僅上溯幾百年,祖先的數(shù)目就可達(dá)數(shù)百位。)【常見義】n [C]筆記;摘記 v [T]記下

      novel /5nCvl/ adj 新奇的;新穎的;新的: a novel idea, fashion, design, experience(新的觀念、風(fēng)尚、設(shè)計(jì)、經(jīng)驗(yàn))Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.[2012 Text 3](有時(shí)候,真正新的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要數(shù)年才能被接受和重視。)He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.[2015 Text 3](他之所以同意加入是因?yàn)樗翱吹搅顺闪⑦@個(gè)委員會(huì)是一種先見之明,它前所未有而又別具一格,很有可能產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。)【常見義】n [C]小說

      objective /Eb5dVektIv/ n [C]目標(biāo);目的:Everest is the climber's next objective.(埃佛勒斯峰是這個(gè)登山者的下一個(gè)目標(biāo)。)In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training.[2005 Part C] 為達(dá)到這些目標(biāo),我們必須更加關(guān)注聯(lián)合制作、新聞交流、文獻(xiàn)服務(wù)和培訓(xùn)?!境R娏x】adj 客觀的

      obscure /Eb5skjUE(r)/ v [T] 使??不分明,使含糊;遮掩,隱藏: These figures obscure the fact that a lot of older people live in great poverty.(這些數(shù)字掩蓋了許多老人生活在極度貧困中這一事實(shí)。)The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.[2008 Text 3](然而,體育界的這一趨勢(shì)或許掩蓋了一個(gè)不為人知的事實(shí):美國(guó)人的身高總體上已經(jīng)停止了增長(zhǎng)。)Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.[2014 Text 4](然而其報(bào)告卻沒有弄清國(guó)會(huì)要求其闡明的問題的深度和廣度,很可能會(huì)阻礙改革的步伐。)【常見義】adj 黑暗的,光線不足的

      observe /Eb5z:v/ v [T] 評(píng)論;說: In his book he observes that the President was an able diplomat.(在書中他評(píng)述說總統(tǒng)是個(gè)外交能手。)“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men?s,” she observes, “it?s just that they?re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” [2008 Text 1](她指出:“她們承受壓力的能力甚至可能比男性更強(qiáng),只是她們要處理的事情更多,因此她們的疲態(tài)出現(xiàn)得更早、更明顯?!保境R娏x】v [T]注意,察覺;觀察

      考研英語熟詞僻意

      (四)panel /5pAnl/ n [C] 評(píng)判小組;專業(yè)討論小組: a panel of judges(評(píng)審團(tuán))The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth?s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.[2005 Text 2](最近的行動(dòng)是由白宮召集的來自國(guó)家科學(xué)院的專家組告訴人們,地球氣候的確在變暖,而這一問題在很大程度上是由人類造成的。)【常見義】n [C]鑲板;嵌板;儀表板

      parallel /5pArElel/ adj 相似的;相同的;對(duì)等的:A close parallel to this behaviour is found in dolphins.(在海豚身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了與此極為相似的行為。)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.[2007 Part C](另一方面,它把這些概念同日常生活聯(lián)系起來,其方式與新聞?dòng)浾呙刻靾?bào)道和評(píng)論新聞時(shí)的做法是一樣的。)A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.[2010 Part C](肉食哺乳動(dòng)物和捕食魚的鳥類也存在類似的情形。)n [C, U]極相似的人、情況、事情:a career without parallel in modern times(當(dāng)代無匹的業(yè)跡)There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.[2005 Text 2](就在科學(xué)家們前仆后繼,試圖使人們意識(shí)到全球氣候變暖所帶來的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅時(shí),類似的令人擔(dān)憂的情況又出現(xiàn)了。)【常見義】adj平行的

      physical /5fIzIkl/ adj 身體的: The ordeal has affected both her mental and physical health.(痛苦的經(jīng)歷損害了她的身心健康。)Strangely, it has involved little physical change.[2000 Passage 2](奇怪的是,這一過程幾乎沒有涉及任何身體上的變化。)【常見義】adj物理的;物理學(xué)的

      plain /pleIn/ adv [用于強(qiáng)調(diào)] 絕對(duì)地;簡(jiǎn)直: That is just plain stupid.(那簡(jiǎn)直是愚不可及。)Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.[2002 Text 2](自從擁有創(chuàng)造力之初,人類已設(shè)計(jì)出了越來越巧妙的工具,以應(yīng)付那些危險(xiǎn)、乏味、繁重或簡(jiǎn)直是讓人討厭的工作。)【常見義】adj 【常見義】n [C]平原 adj 清楚的;明白的

      plant /plB:nt/ n [C] 工廠: a nuclear / chemical plant(核電廠 / 化工廠)In 1924 America?s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.[2010 Section I](1924 年,美國(guó)國(guó)家研究委員會(huì)派出兩名工程師到芝加哥附近的霍桑電話機(jī)配件廠指導(dǎo)一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。)【常見義】n [C]植物

      policy /5pClEsI/ n [C] 保險(xiǎn)單:a fire-insurance policy(火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)單)With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.[2005 Text 2](風(fēng)險(xiǎn)日漸清晰,步步逼近,一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的民族現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份保單了。)【常見義】n [C, U]方針;政策

      pool /pu:l/ v [T](多人或組織)把(錢或其他資金)集中共用: They entered a contract to pool any gains and invest them profitably.(他們簽了一個(gè)合同,將贏利集中起來并進(jìn)行贏利性投資。)Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.[2005 Part B](所有省份資源共享,與渥太華合作創(chuàng)建一個(gè)國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu),改變目前每個(gè)省都有各自的獲批藥物清單、機(jī)構(gòu)、程序以及有限的議價(jià)能力的局面。)Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.[2010 Text 2](對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利申請(qǐng)的控制將是聯(lián)邦巡回法院對(duì)該類專利態(tài)度的徹底轉(zhuǎn)變,因?yàn)檎锹?lián)邦巡回法院自身在1998 年所謂“道富銀行案”的裁決中引入了這類專利,當(dāng)時(shí)法院批準(zhǔn)對(duì)某種共同投資資產(chǎn)的管理方法授予專利。)【常見義】n [C] 水塘;游泳池

      pose /pEUz/ v [T] 引起;造成;提出: Heavy traffic poses a problem in many old towns.(交通擁擠是許多老城鎮(zhèn)的難題。)But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge.[2002 Text 2](但是如果想要機(jī)器人達(dá)到發(fā)揮節(jié)約人力作用的更高階段,它們必須能在更少的人力監(jiān)控下進(jìn)行工作,并且至少具備獨(dú)立做出一些決定的能力——這些目標(biāo)才是真正的挑戰(zhàn)。)【常見義】n [C]姿勢(shì);姿態(tài)

      post /pEUst/ n [C]職位;工作:He was appointed to the post of general manager.(他獲任命為總經(jīng)理。)In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.[2011 Text 2](在最近幾個(gè)星期,雅芳以及美國(guó)運(yùn)通公司的二把手們紛紛以期望找到首席執(zhí)行官的職位為由辭職。)Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school.There are simply too few posts.[2011 Part B](同樣不足為奇的是,得到博士學(xué)位的人中,最后只有半數(shù)的人能夠獲得他們進(jìn)入研究生院心有所圖的教授職位。職位確實(shí)是太少了。)【常見義】n [U]郵政;郵遞 v [T]投遞;郵寄

      press /pres/ n [U] 報(bào)界;新聞界: The Press;were not allowed to attend the trial.(新聞界人士不得出庭旁聽。)In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press;, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.[2001 Section II](為了大力加強(qiáng)對(duì)報(bào)界的法律控制,大法官歐文勛爵將提交一份草案,提出向證人付費(fèi)將被視為非法,并且嚴(yán)格控制開庭前對(duì)案情的公開程度。)【常見義】n [S]按;壓;擠 v [T] 擠壓

      prime /praIm/ n [U] 全盛時(shí)期;盛年: When is a man in his prime?(一個(gè)人的盛年在什么時(shí)候?)When Hoffa?s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union;now 36% do.[2012 Text 4](1960 年,霍法領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的國(guó)際卡車司機(jī)兄弟會(huì)正處于全盛時(shí)期,當(dāng)時(shí)只有 10%的美國(guó)政府員工是工會(huì)成員,而現(xiàn)在達(dá)到 36%。)【常見義】adj 主要的;基本的

      principal /5prInsEpl/ adj 重要的,主要的;首要的: The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe.(多瑙河是歐洲的主要河流之一。)They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”—the widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.[2010 Text 3](他們發(fā)現(xiàn),要實(shí)現(xiàn)所謂的“全球傳播”——社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中影響的廣泛傳播,最關(guān)鍵的條件不是少數(shù)有影響力人士的存在,而是大量易受影響人群的廣泛參與。)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.[2015 Part C](美國(guó)是兩種主要力量結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物:一個(gè)是思想、習(xí)俗和民族特征各不相同的歐洲移民,另一個(gè)是這個(gè)新國(guó)家在融合上述特征之后所帶來的影響。)【常見義】n [C]校長(zhǎng);院長(zhǎng)

      pursuit /pE5sju:t/ n [C] 職業(yè);事業(yè): She has time now to follow her various artistic pursuits.(她現(xiàn)在有時(shí)間從事各種藝術(shù)活動(dòng)了。)Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer.[2007 Text 1](于是,埃里克森和他的同事開始研究包括足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在內(nèi)的各行各業(yè)的優(yōu)秀人才。)【常見義】n [U]追求;尋求

      put /pUt/ v [T] 表達(dá);陳述:I put my objections bluntly.(我直率地表明了我的反對(duì)意見。)As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, “There has to be coordination of programs.What we need is a package deal.” [2006 Section I](正如馬薩諸塞州本特利學(xué)院社區(qū)服務(wù)部主任愛德華·茲洛特科瓦斯基所說:“各種規(guī)劃必須協(xié)調(diào)進(jìn)行。我們所需要的是一攬子計(jì)劃?!保㎡r, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.[2007 Text 1](或者,換種說法,優(yōu)秀人才——無論是在記憶方面還是外科手術(shù)方面,在芭蕾舞方面還是計(jì)算機(jī)編程方面——幾乎都是后天培養(yǎng)的,而非天生的。)adj 固定的;不變的:stay put(留在原處不動(dòng))John Donahue at Harvard?s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.[2012 Text 4](哈佛大學(xué)肯尼迪學(xué)院的約翰·多納休指出,西方公務(wù)員制度中的文化模式只適合那些追求安穩(wěn)、不求上進(jìn)的人,然而對(duì)于那些成績(jī)顯著的人來說是十分不利的。)【常見義】v [T]放置;使處于

      quarter /5kwR:tE(r)/ n [C](通常用復(fù)數(shù))人;人群: Concern has been expressed in some quarters about this policy.(有些人已經(jīng)表達(dá)了對(duì)這項(xiàng)政策的關(guān)注。)Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it?s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.[2005 Text 2](就像吸煙問題一樣,來自各方的聲音仍堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,目前關(guān)于全球氣候變暖的科學(xué)研究還不完善,因此,在我們得以證實(shí)之前,可以繼續(xù)向大氣中排放廢氣。)n [C] 季度: Our gas bill for last quarter was unusually high.(我們上季度的煤氣費(fèi)異常高。)In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research.[2011 Text 2](利伯倫研究公司的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,由于憂心忡忡的董事會(huì)緊緊依靠著公司現(xiàn)有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),第三季度首席執(zhí)行官更換率與一年前相比下降了23%。)【常見義】n [C]四分之一;四等分

      question /5kwestFEn/ v [T](對(duì)某事物)表示或感到懷疑: Her sincerity has never been questioned.(她的誠(chéng)意從未受到懷疑。)The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[2000 Passage 4](戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的一代人進(jìn)入成年以及女性 進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑,為進(jìn)所好學(xué)校、找份好工作而攀登日本殘酷的社會(huì)階梯所付出的巨大代價(jià),是否真的值得。)【常見義】n [C]問題

      quiet /5kwaIEt/ v [I, T] 變安靜: The child wouldn?t quiet down for me.(這孩子不肯為我安靜下來。)In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.[2004 Text 3](在舊金山,瘋狂的高價(jià)搶購(gòu)現(xiàn)象雖然已經(jīng)平息,房?jī)r(jià)仍然在上漲。)【常見義】adj 安靜的

      raise /reIz/ v [T] 養(yǎng)育: I was raised by my aunt on a farm.(我是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)由姨媽撫養(yǎng)大的。)Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” [2011 Text 4](盡管撫養(yǎng)孩子的日常生活令人心力交瘁,珍妮弗·西尼爾寫道:“正是此時(shí)此刻這些令我們心情沮喪的事情,日后才成為幸福和喜悅的來源”。)【常見義】v [T]舉起;升起;抬起

      rear /rIE(r)/ v [T] 養(yǎng)育;撫養(yǎng): It?s a good place to rear young children.(這是個(gè)撫養(yǎng)小孩的好地方。)It?s no surprise that Jennifer Senior?s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.[2011 Text 4](珍妮弗·西尼爾撰寫的見解獨(dú)到并富于煽動(dòng)性的雜志封面故事《我愛我的孩子們,我討厭我的生活》引起人們紛紛議論,這并不讓人覺得意外。)【常見義】n [S]后面;背后

      reason /5ri:zn/ v [I, T] 思考;推斷: He reasoned that if we started at dawn, we would be there by noon.(他推斷,我們要是黎明出發(fā),中午就能到。)He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.[2004 Part B](他推理說,在某種特定的語言中,更容易形成某些特定的概念,所以該語言的使用者便只會(huì)順著一種特有的思路來思考問題。)【常見義】n [C, U]原因;理由

      reflect /rI5flekt/ v [I] 深思,反?。篐e reflected with sadness on the unhappiness of his marriage.(他憂傷地反思自己不幸的婚姻。)McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.[2011 Text 2](麥吉說在沒有找到新的工作之前就辭職,給了他時(shí)間思考自己想經(jīng)營(yíng)什么樣的公司。)【常見義】v [T]反射;反映

      respect /rI5spekt/ n [C] 方面;著眼點(diǎn):In many respects this is an important decision.(這在許多方面都是一項(xiàng)重要的決定。)Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years.[2008 Part C](在生命的最后一年里,他在著述中表示,在過去的二三十年間,他的思想在兩三個(gè)方面發(fā)生了變化。)【常見義】n [U] 尊敬;敬重

      rest /rest/ v [I] 依靠或依賴:That argument rests on a false assumption.(那個(gè)論點(diǎn)是基于錯(cuò)誤的前提。)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.[2007 Part C](但是,新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀羁痰乩斫夥?,這種觀點(diǎn)是基于對(duì)新聞媒體既有慣例和特殊責(zé)任的理解。)v [I]在于,歸屬于:The final decision rests with the chairperson.(由主席做最后決定。)Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.[2008 Text 2](論文的版權(quán)歸期刊出版商所有,其他想要了解研究成果的研究人員只能訂閱該期刊。)【常見義】n [C, U]休息 v [I] 休息

      return /rI5t:n/ n [C, U] 收益;利潤(rùn): The return on the money we invested was very low.(我們投資獲得的收益很低。)The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access.[2008 Text 2](知識(shí)的價(jià)值和公眾投資在科研領(lǐng)域中的回報(bào)在一定程度上依賴于知識(shí)和科研成果的廣泛傳播和方便獲取。)【常見義】n [C, U]歸還 n [S]返回 v [I]返回 v [T]歸還

      review /rI5vju:/ v [T]回顧:review one?s progress(回顧自己的進(jìn)程)Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.[2007 Part B](首先,定期同孩子一起回顧他顯露的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),然后共同克服不足之處,比如不善于有效溝通或合作。)v [T]檢查,審查,評(píng)估:The Home Secretary was called on to review Britain?s gun laws.(內(nèi)政大臣被要求審查英國(guó)的槍支法。)But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission(NRC)reviews the company?s application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth.[2012 Text 2](但當(dāng)美國(guó)核能管理委員會(huì)審核該公司的申請(qǐng)時(shí),會(huì)考量安特吉公司的承諾有多少可信度。)They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.[2014 Text 3](它們可能會(huì)使同行評(píng)審研究的現(xiàn)狀停滯不前。)n [C, U] 審查,評(píng)估:All areas of the company will come under review.(公司的各種 活動(dòng)都將受到審查。)In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.[2010 Text 2](聯(lián)邦巡回上訴法院宣布將利用某一特定案例,展開對(duì)商業(yè)方法專利的廣泛復(fù)審,這一舉措引起了專利律師們的紛紛議論。)n [C](對(duì)書籍、電影等的)評(píng)論:The play got splendid reviews.(該劇受到高度的評(píng)價(jià)。)Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.[2010 Text 1](然而,在 20 世紀(jì)出版的大量最重要的評(píng)論文集中,很大一部分都是報(bào)紙?jiān)u論。)【常見義】v [T]復(fù)習(xí);檢查 n [C] 溫習(xí)

      rocket /5rCkIt/ v [I] 迅速增加;飛漲: Unemployment levels have rocketed to new heights.(失業(yè)率猛然上升到了新的水平。)The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.[2006 Text 2](但很明顯,(劇院需要補(bǔ)貼的)原因是開支飛速上漲,而票價(jià)則一直較低。)【常見義】 n [C]火箭

      row /rEU/ n [C] 大聲而激烈的爭(zhēng)論;吵架: the continuing row over the Government?s defence policy(關(guān)于政府防務(wù)政策的無休止的爭(zhēng)論)On May 31st Microsoft set off the row.[2013 Text 2](5 月 31 日,微軟使這一爭(zhēng)論激化。)【常見義】n [C]一排,一行

      rule /ru:l/ v [T] 做出裁決或裁定: The court ruled the action to be illegal.(法庭判定這種行為非法。)Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.[2002 Text 4](雖然裁決規(guī)定,憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)力,但最高法院實(shí)際上還是支持“雙重效應(yīng)”的醫(yī)學(xué)原則的。這個(gè)延續(xù)了數(shù)百年的道德原則認(rèn)為:當(dāng)某個(gè)行為可能出現(xiàn)兩種結(jié)果時(shí)——一個(gè)是希望達(dá)到的好的結(jié)果,另一個(gè)是可以預(yù)見到的壞的結(jié)果——如果行為的執(zhí)行者期待的只是好的結(jié)果,那么這個(gè)行為是被允許的。)【常見義】v [T]統(tǒng)治;操縱

      run /rQn/ v [I, T](被)出版;(被)刊登: When the story ran, there was a big to-do.(這篇報(bào)道刊登出來時(shí),引起了一場(chǎng)騷動(dòng)。)“As soon as that report runs, we?ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor.[2003 Text 1](“一旦這個(gè)報(bào)道發(fā)布出去,我們就會(huì)立即獲得500個(gè)來自烏克蘭的新網(wǎng)絡(luò)注冊(cè)用戶,”前政治學(xué)教授弗里德曼說。)【常見義】v [I]跑;奔跑

      sacrifice /5sAkrIfaIs/ n [C] 犧牲 We must all be prepared to make sacrifices.(我們大家都必須準(zhǔn)備好做出犧牲。)The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan?s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.[2000 Passage 4](戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的一代人進(jìn)入成年以及女性進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),這些都限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。這些青少年已經(jīng)開始質(zhì)疑,為進(jìn)所好學(xué)校、找份好工作而攀登日本殘酷的社會(huì)階梯所付出的巨大代價(jià),是否真的值得。)

      save /seIv/ prep 〈文〉除了: Nothing was required of him on this ship save to entertain his guests.(在這條船上,除了招待客人以外沒有什么事情需要他去做。)Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.[2010 Text 1](然而,如今他的著作僅有一本仍可購(gòu)得,他大量的音樂評(píng)論也僅為專業(yè)人士所知。)【常見義】v [T]救助;節(jié)省

      secular /5sekjElE(r)/ adj 長(zhǎng)期的: secular trend(長(zhǎng)期的趨勢(shì))But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.[2008 Text 3](但是隨著飲食和健康狀況的改善,兒童和青少年的身高平均每 20 年就會(huì)增加約 1.5 英寸,這就是通常所說的身高增長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)的模式。)【常見義】adj 現(xiàn)世的;世俗的

      secure /sI5kjUE/ v [T] 獲得,取得:secured a job(找到一份工作)Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.[2009 Part C](由于我們對(duì)年輕人的主要職責(zé)是使他們能夠融入共同的生活,因此我們不禁要考慮自己是否在形成讓他們獲得這種本領(lǐng)的能力。)v [T] 保護(hù);確保:The troops secured the area before the civilians were allowed to return.(在百姓返回之前軍隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)這個(gè)地區(qū)。)Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences;family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity;systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.[2009 Part C](比如,宗教團(tuán)體的成立是為了保衛(wèi)統(tǒng)治階層的利益和抵御邪惡勢(shì)力;家庭生活的建立是為了滿足身體的欲望和維系家族長(zhǎng)久;有組織的勞動(dòng)的興起很大程度上是因?yàn)榕`制度的產(chǎn)生,等等。)【常見義】adj 安全的 see /si:/ v [T] 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受: Both of them have seen a great deal of life, and are excellent company.(他們倆都是飽經(jīng)世故的,和他們相處,再好不過了。)But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.[2000 Passage 4](但是日本人傳統(tǒng)的職業(yè)道德觀正在日益衰退。)【常見義】v [T]看見,察覺

      sentence /5sentEns/ v [T] 判決;宣判: He has been sentenced to pay a fine of £1,000.(他被判罰款 1,000 英鎊。)Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995.[2001 Section II](1995 年韋斯特被判處 10 次終生監(jiān)禁,此后,買通證人就成了一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)。)For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.[2013 Section I](例如,西蒙松博士從理論上推測(cè),如果一位擔(dān)心對(duì)犯罪行為表現(xiàn)得太過仁慈的法官在一天當(dāng)中已經(jīng)對(duì)五六名被告只判處了強(qiáng)制性社區(qū)服務(wù),那么他更有可能會(huì)將接下來的被告送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。)【常見義】n [C]句子

      shape / FeIp / v [T] 決定??的形成;影響??的發(fā)展: These events helped to shape her future career.(這些事促成了她后來從事的事業(yè)。)This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[2012 Part B](這是因?yàn)槁?lián)網(wǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)下載和上傳[被動(dòng)消費(fèi)和主動(dòng)創(chuàng)造]之間的秘密戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果將影響我們共同的未來,而這種影響的方式是我們之前難以想象的。)v [T] 塑造;使成形: Most caves are shaped by the flow of water through limestone.(大部分洞穴是水流經(jīng)石灰?guī)r形成的。)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.[2002 Part B](我們僅在一百多年前才闡明自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用,而認(rèn)識(shí)和研究環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為方面的選擇性作用則剛剛開始。)【常見義】n [C, U]形狀,樣子

      sharp /FB:p/ adj 輪廓鮮明的;清晰的: The TV picture isn?t very sharp.(電視圖像不太清晰。)As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became“personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing.[2002 Section II](隨著時(shí)間的推移,計(jì)算機(jī)的體積越來越小,功能卻越來越強(qiáng)。而且隨著顯示效果越來越清晰及存儲(chǔ)量越來越大,計(jì)算機(jī)不僅普遍應(yīng)用于公共機(jī)構(gòu),而且還普及到了個(gè)人。)【常見義】adj 鋒利的;尖銳的

      sheer /FIE/ adj 完全的;十足的: a sheer waste of time(純粹浪費(fèi)時(shí)間)But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.[2015 Part C](但是美國(guó)獨(dú)特的地理?xiàng)l件,不同種族之間的相互影響,以及在這個(gè)原始的新大陸維持原有生活方式的極大難度,引起了巨大的變化。)【常見義】adj 陡峭的

      shield /Fi:ld/ v [T] 保護(hù);庇護(hù): The police officer shielded the child with her body.(那名警察用她的身體保護(hù)了小孩。)Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.” [2002 Text 4](蒙特非奧爾醫(yī)療中心主任南?!さ啦祭照J(rèn)為,這一原則將庇護(hù)那些醫(yī)生——他們“直到現(xiàn)在還堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為,如果加大劑量可能會(huì)加速病人死亡,他們總不能給病人足夠的藥物來控制他們的痛苦?!保㏒hielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it?s useless.[2003 Text 4](因?yàn)獒t(yī)療費(fèi)由第三方買單,我們會(huì)要求盡可能地用上一切手段為我們治療,即使這種治療毫無用處。)【常見義】n [C]盾牌

      shoulder /5FEUldE(r)/ v [T] 承擔(dān);承當(dāng): shoulder the blame for his friends(為他的朋友承擔(dān)斥責(zé))If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.[2003 Text 3](他們認(rèn)為,如果鐵路公司對(duì)所有客戶平均收費(fèi),那些可以選擇貨運(yùn)汽車或其他運(yùn)輸方式的客戶就會(huì)另作選擇,從而使剩下的客戶承擔(dān)鐵路的運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。)【常見義】n [C]肩;肩膀

      sit /sIt/ v [I] 在職;擔(dān)任(職務(wù)): She sat on a number of committees.(她曾同時(shí)在幾個(gè)委員會(huì)中任職。)Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can?t think of a single search I?ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” [2011 Text 2](光輝國(guó)際的大股東丹尼斯·凱里說:“我所做過的每一次招聘,董事會(huì)都會(huì)要求我首先注意那些在職的首席執(zhí)行官們?!保境R娏x】v [I, T]坐;就座

      考研英語熟詞僻意

      (五)soft /sCft/ adj(過分)有同情心的;心腸軟的:If you appear to be soft, people will take advantage of you.(如果你表現(xiàn)得太過心軟,別人就會(huì)占你便宜。)For example, he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.[2013 Section I](例如,西蒙松博士從理論上推測(cè),如果一位擔(dān)心對(duì)犯罪行為表現(xiàn)得太過仁慈的法官在一天當(dāng)中已經(jīng)對(duì)五六名被告只判處了強(qiáng)制性社區(qū)服務(wù),那么他更有可能會(huì)將接下來的被告送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。)【常見義】adj 柔軟的;輕柔的

      solid /5sClId/ adj 牢靠的;堅(jiān)實(shí)的: She gives another solid performance as an unemployed single mom.(作為失業(yè)的單身母親,她再一次表現(xiàn)出色。)In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.[2000 Passage 1](到了 1995 年,當(dāng)日本還在苦苦掙扎的時(shí)候,美國(guó)已經(jīng)連續(xù)五年穩(wěn)步發(fā)展了。)【常見義】n [C]固體

      sound /saUnd/ adj 合理的;正確的:It was a financially sound investment.(這項(xiàng)投資財(cái)政穩(wěn)健。)If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.[2005 Text 2](如果我們要保護(hù)大氣,那么,至關(guān)重要的是這些新發(fā)電站對(duì)環(huán)境是無害的。)【常見義】n [U]聲音 n [C, U] 聲音;聲響 v [I]發(fā)出響聲

      spark /spB:k/ v [T] 引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)致:The incident sparked a controversy.(這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)端。)This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading—between passive consumption and active creation—whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[2012 Part B](這是因?yàn)槁?lián)網(wǎng)計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)下載和上傳[被動(dòng)消費(fèi)和主動(dòng)創(chuàng)造]之間的秘密戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果將影響我們共同的未來,而這種影響的方式是我們之前難以想象的。)【常見義】n [C]火花;火星

      spell /spel/ v [T] 導(dǎo)致;意味著: Their unwise investment could spell financial ruin.(他們所作的不明智的投資可能導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)上的崩潰。)But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.[2005 Text 4](但“做自己的事情”,這種對(duì)本色以及個(gè)性的崇拜導(dǎo)致了正式演講、寫作、詩歌及音樂的衰亡。)n [C](某事物持續(xù)的)一段時(shí)間:a long spell of warm weather(持續(xù)很久的溫暖的天氣)Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.[2002 Text 2](盡管在 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代和 70 年代人們?cè)羞^一段最初的樂觀時(shí)期,因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)看來,似乎到 2010 年,晶體管電路和微處理器就有可能復(fù)制人類的思維活動(dòng),但是最近研究人員已開始把這一預(yù)言推遲了幾十年,甚至是幾百年。)【常見義】v [T] 拼寫

      spread /spred/ v [I, T] 傳播;(使)流傳: He spread the news around the town.(他在鎮(zhèn)上到處傳播這一消息。)More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread;Internet access.[2001 Passage 2](由于害怕自己的國(guó)家落后,越來越多的政府想擴(kuò)大互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用范圍。)【常見義】v [T]展開;鋪開

      squeeze /skwi:z/ v [T](尤用于金融或商業(yè))破壞;扼制: The economy is being squeezed by foreign debt repayments.(償還外債給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來了壞的影響。)On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.[2002 Text 3](另一方面,新興的石油進(jìn)口國(guó)——重工業(yè)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到這些國(guó)家——能源密集程度變得更大,從而可能面臨更大的壓力。)【常見義】v [T]用力擠壓;榨取

      state /steIt / v [T] 規(guī)定;陳述,聲明: The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.(規(guī)則要求樣本必須裝在兩個(gè)水密容器中。)As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn?t ease the challenge of line-drawing.[2015 Text 2](而情況通常是這樣的,制定準(zhǔn)則也很難劃定實(shí)際界限。)【常見義】n [C]國(guó)家;州;情形

      stem /stem/ v [T] 阻止;遏制: The government had failed to stem the tide of factory closures.(政府沒有控制住工廠紛紛倒閉的勢(shì)頭。)Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[2013 Part B](例如,遏制氣候變化不僅需要開發(fā)清潔能源,同樣也需要我們改變消費(fèi)模式和推動(dòng)人們接納稅收。)【常見義】n [C] 植物、灌木的)莖,干 v [I]起源于

      stop /stCp/ n [C] 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào);(尤指)句號(hào): full stop(句號(hào))We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops;, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.[2000 Passage 3](我們必須使用大量的基本詞匯,而不 受標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的約束。)【常見義】 v [I, T](使)停止,中止

      strength /streNW/ n [C, U] 優(yōu)點(diǎn);長(zhǎng)處: His strength was his obsessive single-mindedness.(他的長(zhǎng)處是非常專心。)At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors.[2013 Section I](乍一看,這似乎是一種優(yōu)點(diǎn),它使人們能夠排除外部因素的影響,從而做出公正的判斷。)【常見義】n [U]力量;力氣

      stress /stres/ v [T] 著重于;強(qiáng)調(diào):He stressed the point very strongly that all these services cost money.(他重強(qiáng)調(diào)所有這些服務(wù)都是要花錢的。)While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.[2000 Passage 4](雖然日本的教育因強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)而經(jīng)常受到外國(guó)人的贊揚(yáng),但是它往往強(qiáng)調(diào)考試和機(jī)械的學(xué)習(xí)而忽視了創(chuàng)造力和自我表達(dá)。)Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.[2014 Text 4](因?yàn)榇h制政府預(yù)先提出全民要接受教育,所以這份報(bào)告提倡全面提高國(guó)民的素質(zhì),強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)歷史和政體,尤其是美國(guó)歷史和美國(guó)政體,鼓勵(lì)使用新的數(shù)字技術(shù)。)【常見義】n [C, U]壓力

      stretch /stretF/ n [C]一段時(shí)間:a four-hour stretch(連續(xù)四小時(shí))At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.[2007 Part B](同時(shí),長(zhǎng)時(shí)間用耳機(jī)聽單調(diào)的節(jié)奏會(huì)讓孩子沉浸在自己的幻想里,而不致力于其他追求。)【常見義】v [I]伸展

      stripe /straIp/ n [C] 種類;類型: Politicians of all stripes complained about the plan.(形形色色的政客都抱怨這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。)Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.[2007 Text 3](學(xué)者、決策者以及形形色色的評(píng)論家都討論了這種變化的社會(huì)影響,但是很少有人看到其副作用:家庭所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也隨之提高。)【常見義】n [C]條紋;長(zhǎng)條

      subject /5sQbdVIkt/ n [C]實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,受治療者:The experiment involved 12 subjects.(這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)用了十二個(gè)研究對(duì)象。)The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1932 unique subjects which compared pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.[2015 Section I](這項(xiàng)研究在基因組范圍內(nèi)分析了 1,932 個(gè)獨(dú)特的受試,將成對(duì)的沒有親屬關(guān)系的朋友與沒有親屬關(guān)系的陌生人進(jìn)行了比較。)The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.[2015 Section I](同時(shí),研究小組通過對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)來核查受試的血統(tǒng)。)/sEb5dVekt/ v [T] 使臣服或順從:Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe to its rule.(古羅馬帝國(guó)征服了歐洲大部分。)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.[2003 Part B](而且,人類有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而使所有其他生命形態(tài)服從于人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。)At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary.[2010 Section I](但最起碼,法院應(yīng)遵守適用于其他聯(lián)邦司法系統(tǒng)的行為準(zhǔn)則。)/sEb5dVekt/ v [T] 使使經(jīng)歷或遭受某事物:She was repeatedly subjected to torture.(她不斷地受到折磨。)His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.[2008 Section I](他認(rèn)為,這些人不同尋常的歷史使他們?cè)馐芰撕币姷倪M(jìn)化壓力,正是這種壓力導(dǎo)致了這種矛盾狀態(tài)的產(chǎn)生。)After several decades, the same data were subjected to econometric analysis.[2010 Section I](幾十年之后,研究人員對(duì)這些照明實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。)/5sQbdVIkt/ adj 易于??的;傾向于??的:Are you subject to colds?(你?;几忻皢?)All theories, however, are tentative and are subject to criticism.[2004 Section II](然而,所有理論都只是試探性的,易遭到批判。)/5sQbdVIkt/ adj 服從的;支配的:We are subject to the law of the land.(我們須遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆?。)In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.[2009 Text 2](此外,檢測(cè)公司用以判定血緣關(guān)系的計(jì)算機(jī)程序可能申請(qǐng)了專利保護(hù),不必受同行的評(píng)審或外界的評(píng)估。)In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant?s license be subject to Vermont legislature?s approval.[2010 Text 2](2006 年該州進(jìn)一步提出要求,任何核電站的許可證的延期都要獲得佛蒙特立法機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)。)【常見義】 n [C]學(xué)科;主題

      suggest /sE5dVest/ v [T] 表明;暗示;意味著:But particularly when viewed against America?s turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.[2006 Text 1](但如今的社會(huì)幾乎沒有顯示出社會(huì)環(huán)境黑暗和每況愈下的跡象,尤其是當(dāng)與美國(guó)動(dòng)蕩的過去相比時(shí)更是如此。)This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an advantage in not being too bright.[2009 Section I](這表明暗淡的燈泡[笨腦瓜]更耐用,不夠十 分明亮[聰明]也有好處。)【常見義】v [T]提議;建議

      supplement /5sQplImEnt/ n [C](報(bào)紙、雜志等的)增刊: the Sunday color supplements(周日彩色增刊)For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” [2007 Text 2] 過去幾年,周日?qǐng)?bào)紙?jiān)隹队涡小烽_辟了一個(gè)專欄叫“問問瑪麗蓮”?!境R娏x】n [C]補(bǔ)充

      surface /5s:fIs/ v [I] 引起注意;公開化: The argument first surfaced two years ago.(這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論最初在兩年前就引起了人們的注意。)The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont?s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon.[2012 Text 2](安特吉公司與佛蒙特州政府之間的沖突早在 2002 年就引起了人們的注意,當(dāng)時(shí)該公司購(gòu)買了佛蒙特州唯一的一座核電站,一個(gè)位于弗農(nóng)市的陳舊的核反應(yīng)堆。)【常見義】n [C](物體的)表面

      sweep /swi:p/ v [I, T] 迅速蔓延;風(fēng)行: Youngsters are risking their lives in a dangerous craze which is sweeping the country.(青少年正在一陣席卷全國(guó)的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)尚中拿自己的生命冒險(xiǎn)。)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.[2000 Passage 1](外國(guó)制造的汽車和紡織品也大舉涌入美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。)The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.[2001 Passage 4](這股浪潮從異?;钴S的美國(guó)席卷到歐洲,并以無與倫比的威力波及到新興國(guó)家。)【常見義】v [T]打掃;清理

      swell /swell/ v [I, T] 增加;增長(zhǎng): Total employment swelled by almost 50%.(就業(yè)總?cè)藬?shù)增加了差不多 50%。)According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.[2013 Part B](根據(jù)《2010 年世界社會(huì)科學(xué)報(bào)告》,自 2000 年以來,全球社會(huì)科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生數(shù)量每年以大約 11%的速度增長(zhǎng)。)【常見義】v [I]腫脹;膨脹

      sympathy /5sImpEWI/ n [U](感情上的)支持,贊同: I?m sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal.(我確信她一定贊成你的建議。)Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.[2002 Text 1](你的幽默必須與聽眾相關(guān),而且有助于表明你是他們中的一員,或者表明你了解他們的處境并且贊同他們的觀點(diǎn)。)【常見義】n [U]同情

      systematic /7sIstE5mAtIk/ adj 有預(yù)謀的;蓄意的: a systematic attempt to ruin his reputation(蓄謀破壞他的名譽(yù))“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes“systematic patient abuse.” [2002 Text 4](“許多醫(yī)生似乎對(duì)病人遭受不必要的、可以預(yù)見的痛苦漠不關(guān)心”,其嚴(yán)重程度已經(jīng)構(gòu)成“蓄意虐待病人”。)【常見義】adj 有系統(tǒng)的;系統(tǒng)化的

      tap /tAp/ v [T] 開發(fā)(資源): These magazines have tapped into a target market of consumers.(這些雜志已經(jīng)開發(fā)了消費(fèi)者目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)。)For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers;they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited;or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry.[2000 Section IV](例如,他們可以鼓勵(lì)不同形式的研究,包括建立他們自己的研究中心。他們可以改變教育結(jié)構(gòu);或是通過干預(yù)減少自然資源的浪費(fèi),開發(fā)迄今尚未開發(fā)的資源;政府也可以直接在科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)及工業(yè)領(lǐng)域廣泛開展國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目。)【常見義】v [T] 輕拍 n [C]輕拍;龍頭

      tell /tel/ v [I] 產(chǎn)生影響(尤指有害的影響): These late nights are really beginning to tell on him.(這些天的熬夜真的開始讓他吃不消了。)Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell.[2000 Passage 4](城市里的日本人長(zhǎng)期忍受著漫長(zhǎng)的通勤(上下班往返路程)和擁擠不堪的居住條件,隨著舊的群體觀念和家庭觀念的削弱,生活的不如意開始產(chǎn)生影響。)【常見義】 v [I, T]告訴;講述

      temper /5tempE(r)/ v [T] 緩和;調(diào)劑: Their idealism is tempered with realism.(他們的理想主義因現(xiàn)實(shí)主義有所沖淡。)From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.[2004 Text 3](由于消費(fèi)者們削減開支,從汽車經(jīng)銷商到蓋普商店,銷售額幾個(gè)月來一直在下滑。)Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was unprepared for self-rule and democracy.[2007 Section I](平等主義的情緒常常因擔(dān)心大眾尚未為自治與民主做好準(zhǔn)備而有所緩和。)【常見義】n [C]脾氣;性情

      term /t:m/ n [C] 專門名詞;名稱;術(shù)語:“The nick” is a slang term for “prison”.(the nick 一詞是俚語, 意為“班房”。)Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate.[2004 Part B](后來,這一觀點(diǎn)成為了著名的薩皮爾沃爾夫假說,但這個(gè)術(shù)語有點(diǎn)不恰當(dāng)。)The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.[2007 Text 2](雖然人們已經(jīng)不像以前那樣頻繁地使用智商測(cè)試了,但是智商分?jǐn)?shù)似乎仍然是定義人類智力的術(shù)語。)【常見義】n [C](學(xué)校的)學(xué)期;期限

      thumb /WQm/ v [T]翻閱,翻查: I?ve thumbed my address book and found quite a range of smaller hotels.(我翻看我的通訊錄,發(fā)現(xiàn)里面記了一長(zhǎng)串的小旅館。)It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.[2004 Text 2](人們?cè)缇椭?,顧客翻查電話?hào)碼簿的時(shí)候,與名為 Zodiac 的出租車公司相比,名為 AAAA 的出租車公司占有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。)【常見義】n [C] 拇指

      traffic /5sAkrIfaIs/ n [U](通訊系統(tǒng)的)通信(量),信息流量: Internet traffic(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的信息流量)“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.[2004 Text 1](CareerSite 市場(chǎng)部副總裁賽思·皮茨說:“我們發(fā)送這些信息的第二天網(wǎng)站訪問量就急劇增長(zhǎng)。”)We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.[2011 Text 3](我們將這種售出媒介定義為流量巨大、可以吸引其他機(jī)構(gòu)前來投放內(nèi)容或電子商務(wù)引擎的自有媒介。)【常見義】n [U]往來于街道的車輛;交通

      treat /tri:t/ v [T](以食物或娛樂等)款待某人或使自己獲得享受:We were treated to the unusual sight of the Prime Minister singing on TV.(我們有幸目睹首相上電視一展歌喉的難得場(chǎng)面。)Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply.[2000 Passage 5](相反,我們目睹了大量極為虛偽的現(xiàn)象,現(xiàn)在這些現(xiàn)象似乎比以往任何時(shí)候都要多。)v [T]把某事物看作;視某事物為:I decided to treat his remark as a joke.(我決定把他的話當(dāng)作玩笑話。)Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.[2014 Text 4](如今,教授們通常把對(duì)歷史的革新性解讀和主張改革的公共政策作為正確的研究課題,而認(rèn)為保守或古典的自由主義思想[比如自由市場(chǎng)和自力更生]已經(jīng)超出常規(guī),有時(shí)甚至超出了正當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)研究的范圍。)【常見義】v [T]對(duì)待;醫(yī)治

      trust /trQst/ n [C] 壟斷企業(yè);托拉斯(為減少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、壟斷價(jià)格等而成立的企業(yè)聯(lián)合組織): anti-trust laws(反托拉斯法)Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.[2001 Passage 4](將近一個(gè)世紀(jì)前,美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油托拉斯被迫解體。人們因此擔(dān)心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)受到威脅。不過很難想象,今天幾家石油公司的合并會(huì)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)構(gòu)成同樣的威脅。)【常見義】n [U]相信 v [T] 相信

      twist /twIst/ n [C] 歪曲;曲解: His political opponent gave a twist to everything he said.(他的政敵對(duì)他所有的話都加以歪曲。)A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don?t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.[2002 Text 1](可以故意歪曲一下大家熟知的話,比如說“如果一開始不成功,那就放棄好了”,或者玩文字游戲,或就一個(gè)情景開玩笑。)【常見義】v [T]繞;卷

      underline /7QndE5laIn/ v [T] 突出;強(qiáng)調(diào): The improvement in retail sales was underlined by these figures.(這些數(shù)字突出了零售量的增加。)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.[2005 Part C](僅這一點(diǎn)就足以表明,在電視行業(yè)生存下來并非易事,統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字也突顯了這一事實(shí),統(tǒng)計(jì)表明,1989 年在 80 家歐洲電視網(wǎng)中,多達(dá)一半出現(xiàn)了虧損。)【常見義】 v [T]在(詞等)下面畫線

      uniform /5ju:nIfR:m/ adj 統(tǒng)一的;一致的:Cut down between the bones so that all the chops are of uniform size.(在骨頭之間砍削,使所有的排骨大小一致。)The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.[2013 Text 4](憲法認(rèn)為只有華盛頓才有權(quán)力“建立一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的歸化入籍條例”,而且聯(lián)邦法律高于州法律,這些憲法的原則是無可爭(zhēng)議的。)【常見義】n [C, U]制服

      universes /5ju:nIv:s/ n [C] 領(lǐng)域: In this book, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries.(在這本書里,牛頓闡述了萬有引力和力學(xué)三大定律,接下來的三個(gè)世紀(jì),這些理論在物理科學(xué)領(lǐng)域占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。)It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail.[2012 Part C](然而,考慮到它可能會(huì)涉及的范圍和領(lǐng)域,人們?cè)絹碓讲淮_定這樣的理論會(huì)是一種簡(jiǎn)化的規(guī)則。)【常見義】n [S]宇宙;世界

      upset /9Qp5set/ v [T] 打亂;擾亂:The dam will upset the ecological balance.(大壩會(huì)擾亂生態(tài)平衡。)They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.[2012 Section I](法官被授予終身職位,這樣他們可以無所顧慮地去觸碰當(dāng)權(quán)者,同時(shí)無需尋求政治支持。)If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.[2013 Text 2] ③如果它在企圖挑戰(zhàn)幾乎完全依賴廣告業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)營(yíng)的谷歌的話,那么它的方法并不直接:沒有人能保證將 DNT 設(shè)為默認(rèn)會(huì)成為業(yè)內(nèi)規(guī)范?!境R娏x】adj 心煩的;苦惱的

      value /5vAlju/ v [T] 尊重;重視: She had come to value her privacy and independence.(她開始重視自己的隱私和獨(dú)立地位。)The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything.[2007 Section I](獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)早期領(lǐng)袖的理想通常是平等主義,即強(qiáng)調(diào)一切事物的平等。)【常見義】n [C, U]價(jià)值

      weather /5weTE(r)/ v [T]平安渡過;經(jīng)受?。?weather a crisis(平安渡過危機(jī))This“added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.[2007 Text 3](這種“附加勞動(dòng)力效應(yīng)”會(huì)增強(qiáng)由失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)或傷殘保險(xiǎn)組成的安全保障,幫助家庭渡過難關(guān)。)【常見義】n [U]天氣;氣象

      weigh /weI/ v [T] 權(quán)衡;斟酌:We weighed the cost of advertising against the likely gains from increased business.(我們權(quán)衡了廣告成本和業(yè)務(wù)增加可能帶來的收益。)“Benefits”have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes.[2002 Section II](人們把它帶來的益處和產(chǎn)生的弊端進(jìn)行了權(quán)衡。)【常見義】v [T]稱某物的重量

      will /wIl/ n [C] 遺囑: Have you made your will?(你立遺囑了嗎?)Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.[2008 Text 4](華盛頓看到黑人士兵在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英勇表現(xiàn)后,開始相信人人生而平等,于是不顧親人的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),在遺囑中給了奴隸們自由。)【常見義】v [aux]將會(huì);可能

      yield /ji:ld/ v [I]屈服;讓步:The government has not yielded to public opinion.(政府并未向輿論讓步。)Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.[2000 Passage 1](盲目自大取代了自我懷疑。)n [C, U] 產(chǎn)量:What is the yield per acre?(每英畝的產(chǎn)量是多少?)That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.[2006 Text 3](而發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變化很重要,因?yàn)槔碚摫砻饕粋€(gè)漁場(chǎng)只有在目標(biāo)捕撈物種的生物量保持在原始基數(shù)的50%左右時(shí),才能獲得最大可持續(xù)捕撈量。)【常見義】v [T]生產(chǎn)

      第五篇:六級(jí)熟詞生義表

      英語常見熟詞生義100個(gè)

      act n.法案,行為;v.行動(dòng) address v.演說,致辭 agent n.動(dòng)因

      anchor n.主持人,主播

      appeal n.吸引力;v.呼吁,上訴 appropriate v.挪用

      apprehensive adj.憂慮的 authority n.權(quán)利機(jī)構(gòu),當(dāng)局

      board n.委員會(huì);食宿;v.登,上(船、飛機(jī)等)bold n.粗體字;adj.大膽的 branch n.分支機(jī)構(gòu) buy v.聽信,認(rèn)同 cause n.理想,事業(yè)

      charge v.充電;管理;控訴;n.費(fèi)用 check v.阻止

      claim n./v.索賠;主張 class n.階級(jí);種類 classified adj.機(jī)密的

      compose v.創(chuàng)作(文學(xué)、歌曲)conceive v.懷孕

      contract v.感染,得(?。ヽonvention n.大會(huì)

      course n.過程;方針,路線 deliberate adj.深思熟慮的 discipline n.學(xué)科 distinction n.名譽(yù) duty n.稅

      economy n.國(guó)家(經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體)

      even adj./n.一致的,平均的;相等的 fair n.交易會(huì);adj.(膚色)白皙的,干凈的 fashion v.塑造,制定 feature v.特定,突出

      fertile adj.能繁殖的,多產(chǎn)的

      figure n.名人,人物;數(shù)字;v.考慮,計(jì)算 fine adj.細(xì)微的;精美的;v.罰款 fortune n.財(cái)產(chǎn) game n.獵物 ground n.理由,根據(jù)(on the ground that…)handsome adj.可觀的,大量的 hold v.認(rèn)為 import n.重要性 industry n.勤奮

      interest n.利益;利息

      issue v.出版,發(fā)行;n.(刊物)期,號(hào) keep n.生計(jì),謀生 late adj.已故的 law n.定律,規(guī)律

      lean adj.瘦的,貧乏的;歉收的 long v.渴望 might n.力量

      mirror v.反映,反射 means n.手段,方法 modest adj.適度的 nature n.天性;本質(zhì)

      note n.紙幣;音符;暗示;v.注意到 novel adj.新穎的

      objective n.目標(biāo),目的 obscure v.掩蓋

      odd adj.奇數(shù)的,單只的;古怪的 panel n.專家小組 passage n.經(jīng)過,通過 plain adj.平常的,樸素的 pool v.匯聚,集中 post n.職位;v.駐扎 press n.報(bào)刊,出版社

      principal n.校長(zhǎng);adj.主要的;n.資本,本金 prize v.珍惜

      promise n.前途,希望(常用promising)pronounced adj.顯著的 pupil n.瞳孔

      put v.表達(dá);adj.固定不動(dòng)的 reason n.理性,理智 reflect v.思考,反省 relate v.敘述

      respect n.方面(=aspect)schools n.魚群

      secure v.獲得,得到 second v.贊成,附和 sentence v.宣判

      sound adj.健全的,合理的

      spell v.意味著;n.一段時(shí)間(a spell of…)spoil v.寵壞,溺愛 start v.驚嚇,吃驚

      state n.狀態(tài),情況;v.陳述 stock n./v.庫存 stop n.句號(hào)

      stress v.強(qiáng)調(diào)

      subject n.被試者;adj.易受…影響的(be subject to)subscribe v.捐款;訂閱;贊成 tailor v.調(diào)整,修改 tap v.開發(fā),開采 term n.條款;術(shù)語 thumb v.迅速翻閱 treasure v.重視

      treat v.治療;v./n.款待,請(qǐng)客

      trust n.托拉斯(一種企業(yè)組織形式)uniform adj.相同的 universal adj.普遍的

      volume n.容積,體積;卷,冊(cè);音量 weather v.經(jīng)受(風(fēng)雨),度過(難關(guān))weigh v.權(quán)衡,掂量

      where conj.然而(=whereas)

      yield v.放棄,投降;n.產(chǎn)量,收益

      閱讀理解高頻詞一覽

      (按文類編排,適用考研英語、CET-6)

      一、高頻詞:經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章

      commerce commercial industry industrial industrialization corporation enterprise employer employee unemployment retailer wholesale contractor production productivity competition management executive finance investment stock fund bond consumption accountant inflation deflation recession stagnation bubble peak bottom boom prosperity thrive flourish depression tendency fluctuation ascend descend monopoly rate relief parachute retiree downscale slowdown real estate crude oil barrel indicator council insurance bonus subsidy dividend fiscal deficit surplus intellectual property venture investment mortgage capital monetary policy overbid entrepreneur shareholder security bankruptcy transparency budget shortage belt-tightening loan pension auction rent revenue

      二、高頻詞:法律類文章

      attorney lawyer legal legislation witness proof prosecute sentence plaintiff defendant accuse suspect penalty trial preliminary trial provision prohibit mercy impartial offender detain jury shield law bypass amendment apprehension confess guilty sinful innocent convict set term of / life imprisonment deprive capital punishment corporal punishment criminal victim lawsuit fraud money laundry plagiarism prostitution bribe scandal

      三、高頻詞:管理類文章

      mission objective efficiency priority director assessment prejudice dynamic motivation feedback strategy tactic aggressive arrogant inspire impetus democracy notorious appraisal authority bureaucracy domain supervisor invoice receipt acquisition merger negotiate promotion tariff discount affiliation branch recruitment subordinate resentment loyalty devote evaluation representative receptionist secretary auditor staff / stuff dimensional interpreter liability facilitate status quo pros and cons

      四、高頻詞:教育類文章

      academic diploma tuition curriculum scholarship compulsory courses optional courses extracurricular activity bachelor master doctor graduate undergraduate lecturer associate professor tutor dean freshman sophomore junior senior liberal art offspring descendant nursery / infant / elementary school semester dormitory seminar symposium credit internship faculty certificate qualification grant / confer enrollment dropout syllabus questionnaire register thesis hypothesis scan / skim teenager adolescent

      五、高頻詞:醫(yī)學(xué)類文章

      physician surgeon anthropologist psychiatrist therapy prescribe symptom diagnosis treatment injection antibody pneumonia diabetes obesity hypertension malformation stroke paralysis chromosome chronic / acute insane vaccine infectious antibiotics hormone 附:??奸L(zhǎng)詞50個(gè)

      administration atmosphere appropriate consequence circumstance conservation accommodation fluctuation infrastructure compensation contemporary controversy deliberate equivalent interference inevitable indispensable incompatible approximate flexibility fundamental superficial subscription supplement subsequent revolution discrimination compromise sophisticated intervention phenomenon perspective alternative distinction predominant investigation permanent acknowledge orthodox unprecedented curiosity stimulation simultaneous institution constitution substitution mechanism fabricate guarantee disproportionate

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