第一篇：全球熱議奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的“美國(guó)就業(yè)法案”

全球熱議奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的“美國(guó)就業(yè)法案”

全球熱議奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的“美國(guó)就業(yè)法案” 作者：田大校 來(lái)源日期：2011-9-13 閱讀量：422次分享到 新浪微博 騰訊微博 抽屜 Twitter Facebook

“9·11”十周年前夕，在全球的關(guān)注下，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬于9月8日提出了“美國(guó)就業(yè)法案”，其核心是以擴(kuò)大薪水階級(jí)和雇主的薪資稅減稅，同時(shí)擴(kuò)大公共建設(shè)支出，總金額高達(dá)4070億美元，高于原先外界預(yù)期的3000到4000億美元之間。這帖藥方是否能把美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)從泥淖中拉拔出來(lái)，對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇有什么重大影響，不但引起了美國(guó)朝野和民眾的激烈爭(zhēng)論，也吸引了世界各國(guó)政府和媒體的熱情“圍觀”。中國(guó)選舉與治理網(wǎng)綜觀而言，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的“美國(guó)就業(yè)方案”是一步好棋也是一步險(xiǎn)棋，既充滿著機(jī)會(huì)、期待，但也藏著不少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與不確定性。為了幫助網(wǎng)民朋友了解相關(guān)情況，我們收集整理了各方觀點(diǎn)，與各位網(wǎng)友分享辨析。

一、既是促進(jìn)就業(yè)的好棋，也是贏得連任的妙棋。美國(guó)《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》引述穆迪分析公司的首席分析師馬克?贊迪的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，如果奧巴馬的就業(yè)計(jì)劃得到全面采納，那么美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)2012年將額外凈增200萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，并使失業(yè)率在11月選舉前降至約8%，這對(duì)美國(guó)廣大民眾來(lái)說(shuō)絕對(duì)是個(gè)好消息。中國(guó)時(shí)報(bào)發(fā)表評(píng)論指出，在整個(gè)就業(yè)方案中，減稅部分預(yù)估達(dá)2400億美元，另外有600億投入高速公路、機(jī)場(chǎng)、鐵路等建設(shè);有350億用于防止許多教師、警察等被裁員;另外也提供490億作為延長(zhǎng)給長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者的福利。這些措施不但有預(yù)防就業(yè)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步衰退，導(dǎo)致民間消費(fèi)信心更低、經(jīng)濟(jì)更難脫困的措施，也有積極增加就業(yè)市場(chǎng)職位的方法。因此方案是抓對(duì)了藥方，預(yù)料對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有一定的刺激與拉抬效果。甚至在奧巴馬45分鐘的演講過(guò)后，眾議院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖、共和黨人埃里克坎托的發(fā)言人說(shuō)：“共和黨人肯定可以與總統(tǒng)合作，共同實(shí)現(xiàn)他所提出的某些目標(biāo)。”路透社發(fā)表評(píng)論認(rèn)為，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)公布的就業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃對(duì)于他競(jìng)選連任至為關(guān)鍵。9.1%的失業(yè)率讓選民倍感沮喪，奧巴馬的民意支持率也創(chuàng)下新低。在這場(chǎng)孤注一擲的國(guó)會(huì)演講中，奧巴馬正力圖在他和共和黨的理念之爭(zhēng)中抓取主動(dòng)權(quán)，以緩解外界對(duì)他經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的質(zhì)疑。如果計(jì)劃過(guò)關(guān)，經(jīng)濟(jì)可能迅速獲得提振，讓他在政治上得利;但如果該計(jì)劃在意見(jiàn)分歧的國(guó)會(huì)受阻，他的策略將是指責(zé)共和黨阻撓經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。評(píng)論指出，從里根時(shí)代以來(lái)，沒(méi)有哪位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)在失業(yè)率高于7.2%的情況下，還能贏得連任。而奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的民意支持率日益嚴(yán)峻，目前已降至2009年1月上任以來(lái)的最低。一份調(diào)查顯示，奧巴馬不再是能贏得明年大選的最受歡迎人選。華盛頓郵報(bào)發(fā)表文章認(rèn)為，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)所發(fā)表的演講實(shí)際上是向共和黨發(fā)出挑戰(zhàn)，演講的最重要部分或許是他承諾將把他的就業(yè)信息傳遞給“全國(guó)每一個(gè)角落”的民眾，并闡明了他連任競(jìng)選的開(kāi)場(chǎng)主題。文章認(rèn)為，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)提出的措施相當(dāng)合理。誰(shuí)會(huì)反對(duì)修復(fù)全國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、對(duì)學(xué)校進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化改造以及為退伍老兵提供就業(yè)崗位呢?如果共和黨人抵制奧巴馬的就業(yè)計(jì)劃，他就可以告訴選民，他決不會(huì)停止為就業(yè)和繁榮而戰(zhàn)，而共和黨人也決不會(huì)停止為“百萬(wàn)富翁和億萬(wàn)富翁”減稅進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。文章特別提到，對(duì)民主黨人來(lái)說(shuō)，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)這次演講就是一種展示，讓他們看到“作為戰(zhàn)士的奧巴馬”，許多民主黨人感到自?shī)W巴馬2009年上任以來(lái)就一直缺乏這種形象。

二、既有可行性也有不確定性。路透社認(rèn)為，在提出就業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃后，奧巴馬面臨與共和黨人的一番苦斗。奧巴馬就業(yè)計(jì)劃的可行性有多高仍是個(gè)問(wèn)題。基本上，該計(jì)劃幾乎全部都要取決于是否能贏得掌控眾議院的共和黨人支持。但兩黨要達(dá)成協(xié)議可能很難，因?yàn)檎稳宋镆呀?jīng)把焦點(diǎn)放在了2012年11月舉行的總統(tǒng)和國(guó)會(huì)大選上。法新社發(fā)表評(píng)論指出，盡管奧巴馬在發(fā)表的演講中贊揚(yáng)了共和黨偶像人物林肯，但此舉未能改變持懷疑態(tài)度的共和黨人對(duì)他這篇就業(yè)演講的冷漠態(tài)度。評(píng)論提出，當(dāng)奧巴馬提到林肯時(shí)，共和黨人保持了沉默。當(dāng)奧巴馬請(qǐng)求他們支持修建道路、改建學(xué)校以及為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)減稅的計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們依然沉默不語(yǔ)。中國(guó)時(shí)報(bào)發(fā)表社論指出，這個(gè)方案存在諸多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就是兩黨惡斗，讓它難以出國(guó)會(huì)之門(mén);或是即使定案，也是七折八扣致先機(jī)盡失。其次則是減稅的效果難以掌握。相較于政府直接增加支出去搞建設(shè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)立即可挹注動(dòng)能、帶動(dòng)企業(yè)投資、增加就業(yè)，減稅的效果在學(xué)界一直有相當(dāng)?shù)臓?zhēng)議。如果民眾對(duì)未來(lái)信心不足，減稅后回到口袋的錢(qián)，可能被儲(chǔ)蓄起來(lái)放在銀行;這對(duì)增加民間消費(fèi)是毫無(wú)貢獻(xiàn)，在市場(chǎng)資金過(guò)剩之際，更無(wú)助投資。而給予企業(yè)增加雇用薪資達(dá)500萬(wàn)美元，其薪資稅率減半的;還有企業(yè)增加雇用或?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有雇員加薪，總額達(dá)5000萬(wàn)美元，則薪資稅全免，希望藉此帶動(dòng)企業(yè)增加雇用，其效果也有相當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因企業(yè)決斷是否投資、增加雇用員工，關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在對(duì)未來(lái)市場(chǎng)與獲利的預(yù)期;雖薪資稅率降低可減少企業(yè)負(fù)荷，但其影響的比重其實(shí)非常低。沒(méi)有企業(yè)會(huì)只為了能夠降低稅率而增加雇用，但對(duì)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、預(yù)期本身經(jīng)營(yíng)有成長(zhǎng)者，原本就要增加雇用，卻可藉此節(jié)省成本，其代價(jià)就是政府稅收減少。因此，此措施的總體效果存在著相當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。第三個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)則是降等風(fēng)暴后，為避免赤字?jǐn)U張過(guò)快，奧巴馬要再提出削減長(zhǎng)期赤字新計(jì)劃。如這個(gè)削減赤字計(jì)劃過(guò)嚴(yán)，且很快實(shí)施，不論是減少國(guó)防預(yù)算、或降低醫(yī)療、福利支出，都可能抵消擴(kuò)張財(cái)政支出與減稅的效果。至于對(duì)富人加稅，理論上一般薪水階級(jí)與富人的邊際消費(fèi)傾向不同，應(yīng)不至于抵消對(duì)薪水階級(jí)減稅的效果，但實(shí)際反應(yīng)仍待觀察。社論說(shuō)，真正最重要者是：奧巴馬尚未告訴外界，這四四七○億美元從那里來(lái)。如削減其它支出，可能讓方案效力大打折扣。其實(shí)，美國(guó)仍是全球最有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力經(jīng)濟(jì)體之一，現(xiàn)階段的低潮，主要是缺乏啟動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)的引擎。美國(guó)如果能把赤字問(wèn)題先擺一旁，以舉債因應(yīng)就業(yè)方案所需，忍受短期赤字上升，換取中長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)，則就業(yè)方案的確有可能達(dá)到振興經(jīng)濟(jì)的目標(biāo)。只是在現(xiàn)階段的政治氣氛下，不知可行與否?

三、既有期盼，也有忠告。作為與美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展聯(lián)系最緊密的國(guó)家，中國(guó)在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)這場(chǎng)就業(yè)法案爭(zhēng)論中，官方和媒體既沒(méi)有“失聲”，也不止于“圍觀”，而是從不同層面和角度直接表達(dá)了觀點(diǎn)。中央電視臺(tái)特約評(píng)論員指出，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)提出的就業(yè)刺激方案和減稅計(jì)劃備受關(guān)注，一個(gè)重要原因是它的額度高達(dá)4470億美元，這樣一個(gè)高額度的方案，美國(guó)政府能夠承擔(dān)得起?這個(gè)錢(qián)從哪兒來(lái)?在我來(lái)看，這個(gè)刺激就業(yè)方案方向非常明確，但是執(zhí)行能力有限。之所以說(shuō)方向明確，是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)方案主要針對(duì)目前整體的失業(yè)市場(chǎng)。幾個(gè)季度以來(lái)，美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)就業(yè)一直高位徘徊在9%以上，而且這個(gè)徘徊一直沒(méi)有向下好轉(zhuǎn)的跡象。一系列數(shù)據(jù)表明，高失業(yè)率是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)未來(lái)發(fā)展不確定性的阻礙。從另外一方面來(lái)看，要執(zhí)行這樣一個(gè)方案，要分兩部分。第一部分是減稅，包括個(gè)人所得稅和企業(yè)稅。第二部分是補(bǔ)貼，對(duì)于企業(yè)雇傭失業(yè)半年以上的工人給予一定相應(yīng)反補(bǔ)和補(bǔ)貼，這個(gè)錢(qián)從哪來(lái)?這無(wú)疑對(duì)美國(guó)已經(jīng)高額的赤字雪上加霜，同時(shí)會(huì)增大地方政府債務(wù)平臺(tái)的一系列壓力。所以,從整體上來(lái)看這個(gè)刺激方案有些類似于量化寬松2.5版。評(píng)論指出，之前的兩輪寬松貨幣政策主要投入的方向都是在資本市場(chǎng)，但是對(duì)于美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，一直沒(méi)有一個(gè)好辦法，所以把錢(qián)投入到美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上來(lái)，這個(gè)方向應(yīng)該說(shuō)是奧巴馬在明年大選之前，放手一搏的方案，但是這個(gè)方案具體在實(shí)行過(guò)程中，可能要解決赤字問(wèn)題，奧巴馬后續(xù)還要拿出新的方案來(lái)。我想這個(gè)時(shí)候伯南克是坐不住的，他一定會(huì)拿出相應(yīng)的配套方案，支持總統(tǒng)刺激就業(yè)。所以未來(lái)我們還會(huì)看到一系列方案出臺(tái)，使刺激就業(yè)方案真正執(zhí)行起來(lái)。評(píng)論認(rèn)為，這份提振就業(yè)方案的大多數(shù)決策執(zhí)行的年份是2012年，也就意味著如果整體刺激計(jì)劃有效的話，會(huì)逐漸在明年第二、三季度時(shí)間展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，直接會(huì)給明年上半年總統(tǒng)選舉投票產(chǎn)生非常重要的影響。所以從整體上來(lái)看這個(gè)方案執(zhí)行會(huì)和明年選舉政治直接相關(guān)。如果一個(gè)方案接著一個(gè)方案的拋出，都不能在完整意義上取得效果的話，對(duì)奧巴馬整體行政執(zhí)行能力和他的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策會(huì)造成非常重要的傷害，所以，這個(gè)刺激就業(yè)方案也是把雙刃劍。中共中央委員、重慶市市長(zhǎng)黃奇帆在一次會(huì)議講話中表示，美國(guó)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)剛剛提出的3000億美元刺激美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的做法，也許還不如學(xué)習(xí)重慶發(fā)展美國(guó)的微企，通過(guò)良性循環(huán)，逐步恢復(fù)美國(guó)低迷的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)狀。黃奇帆指出，奧巴馬想通過(guò)斥資2萬(wàn)億美元來(lái)增加就業(yè)的做法也不妥。因?yàn)樗麑⑦@些錢(qián)都投向了企業(yè)家，企業(yè)家卻對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不抱信心，他們將從政府拿來(lái)的錢(qián)，或用于向銀行還債，或用于亞洲等地區(qū)的投資，抑或只是投資到股票等領(lǐng)域。最終造成的惡性循環(huán)，則會(huì)產(chǎn)生跟多的死賬、爛賬，讓本已陷入泥潭的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)雪上加霜。

注：匯編參考文章

《 美媒稱奧巴馬就業(yè)法案闡明其謀求連任主題》，新華網(wǎng)，作者為法新社、路透社、華盛頓郵報(bào)電訊;

《美國(guó)就業(yè)法案的效果與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)》，中國(guó)時(shí)報(bào)，作者為本社評(píng)論;

《 刺激就業(yè)方案靠譜嗎? 》，中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)，作者為周慶安;

《奧巴馬刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)不如學(xué)重慶發(fā)展微企》，重慶晨報(bào)，作者：楊新宇 周意立。(轉(zhuǎn)載本文請(qǐng)注明“中國(guó)選舉與治理網(wǎng)”首發(fā))0票0票

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第二篇：奧巴馬刺激就業(yè)法案演講原文

MR.OBAMA:

Mr.Speaker, Mr.Vice President, members of Congress, and fellow Americans: 議長(zhǎng)先生，副總統(tǒng)先生，國(guó)會(huì)議員，美國(guó)同胞們：

Tonight we meet at an urgent time for our country.We continue to face an economic crisis that has left millions of our neighbors jobless, and a political crisis that’s made things worse.我們今晚在我們國(guó)家的緊迫時(shí)刻舉行會(huì)議。我們?nèi)栽诿媾R一場(chǎng)使數(shù)百萬(wàn)同胞失業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)和一場(chǎng)使局勢(shì)更加惡化的政治危機(jī)。

This past week, reporters have been asking, “What will this speech mean for the President? What will it mean for Congress? How will it affect their polls, and the next election?”

在過(guò)去的一周，記者們一直在問(wèn)：“這次講演對(duì)于總統(tǒng)意味著什么？它對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)意味著什么？它是否影響他們的民調(diào)和明年的大選？”

But the millions of Americans who are watching right now, they don’t care about politics.They have real-life concerns.Many have spent months looking for work.Others are doing their best just to scrape by--giving up nights out with the family to save on gas or make the mortgage;postponing retirement to send a kid to college.但現(xiàn)在正在觀看的數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人不關(guān)心政治活動(dòng)，他們有真正的生活擔(dān)憂，許多人花了數(shù)個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)尋找工作。其他人則盡全力勉強(qiáng)度日，放棄和家人晚上一同外出娛樂(lè)的機(jī)會(huì)以節(jié)省汽油或者償還房貸，推遲退休日期以便將一個(gè)孩子送入大學(xué)。

These men and women grew up with faith in an America where hard work and responsibility paid off.They believed in a country where everyone gets a fair shake and does their fair share--where if you stepped up, did your job, and were loyal to your company, that loyalty would be rewarded with a decent salary and good benefits;maybe a raise once in a while.If you did the right thing, you could make it.Anybody could make it in America.這些男人和女人在成長(zhǎng)時(shí)抱有這樣一個(gè)信念，在美國(guó)，辛苦的工作和責(zé)任感會(huì)得到回報(bào)。他們相信，在美國(guó)，所有人都可以得到公正的回報(bào)，做他們分內(nèi)的工作。在這里，如果你展現(xiàn)自我，干好你的工作，忠于你的公司，這種忠誠(chéng)將會(huì)得到體面的工資和很好的福利獎(jiǎng)賞，可能還會(huì)偶爾升職。如果你做了正確的事情，你可能在美國(guó)獲得成功。For decades now, Americans have watched that compact erode.They have seen the decks too often stacked against them.And they know that Washington has not always put their interests first.但是在數(shù)十年后的今天，美國(guó)人看到這一契約被削弱，他們看到太多自己被算計(jì)的情況，他們知道華盛頓并不總是把他們的利益放在首位。

The people of this country work hard to meet their responsibilities.The question tonight is whether we’ll meet ours.The question is whether, in the face of an ongoing national crisis, we can stop the political circus and actually do something to help the economy.(Applause.)The question is--the question is whether we can restore some of the fairness and security that has defined this nation since our beginning.Those of us here tonight can’t solve all our nation’s woes.Ultimately, our recovery will be driven not by Washington, but by our businesses and our workers.But we can help.We can make a difference.There are steps we can take right now to improve people’s lives.I am sending this Congress a plan that you should pass right away.It’s called the American Jobs Act.There should be nothing controversial about this piece of legislation.Everything in here is the kind of proposal that’s been supported by both Democrats and Republicans--including many who sit here tonight.And everything in this bill will be paid for.Everything.(Applause.)

The purpose of the American Jobs Act is simple: to put more people back to work and more money in the pockets of those who are working.It will create more jobs for construction workers, more jobs for teachers, more jobs for veterans, and more jobs for long-term unemployed.(Applause.)It will provide--it will provide a tax break for companies who hire new workers, and it will cut payroll taxes in half for every working American and every small business.(Applause.)It will provide a jolt to an economy that has stalled, and give companies confidence that if they invest and if they hire, there will be customers for their products and services.You should pass this jobs plan right away.(Applause.)

Everyone here knows that small businesses are where most new jobs begin.And you know that while corporate profits have come roaring back, smaller companies haven’t.So for everyone who speaks so passionately about making life easier for “job creators,” this plan is for you.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill--pass this jobs bill, and starting tomorrow, small businesses will get a tax cut if they hire new workers or if they raise workers’ wages.Pass this jobs bill, and all small business owners will also see their payroll taxes cut in half next year.(Applause.)If you have 50 employees--if you have 50 employees making an average salary, that’s an $80,000 tax cut.And all businesses will be able to continue writing off the investments they make in 2012.It’s not just Democrats who have supported this kind of proposal.Fifty House Republicans have proposed the same payroll tax cut that’s in this plan.You should pass it right away.(Applause.)

Pass this jobs bill, and we can put people to work rebuilding America.Everyone here knows we have badly decaying roads and bridges all over the country.Our highways are clogged with traffic.Our skies are the most congested in the world.It’s an outrage.Building a world-class transportation system is part of what made us a economic superpower.And now we’re going to sit back and watch China build newer airports and faster railroads? At a time when millions of unemployed construction workers could build them right here in America?(Applause.)

There are private construction companies all across America just waiting to get to work.There’s a bridge that needs repair between Ohio and Kentucky that’s on one of the busiest trucking routes in North America.A public transit project in Houston that will help clear up one of the worst areas of traffic in the country.And there are schools throughout this country that desperately need renovating.How can we expect our kids to do their best in places that are literally falling apart? This is America.Every child deserves a great school--and we can give it to them, if we act now.(Applause.)

The American Jobs Act will repair and modernize at least 35,000 schools.It will put people to work right now fixing roofs and windows, installing science labs and high-speed Internet in classrooms all across this country.It will rehabilitate homes and businesses in communities hit hardest by foreclosures.It will jumpstart thousands of transportation projects all across the country.And to make sure the money is properly spent, we’re building on reforms we’ve already put in place.No more earmarks.No more boondoggles.No more bridges to nowhere.We’re cutting the red tape that prevents some of these projects from getting started as quickly as possible.And we’ll set up an independent fund to attract private dollars and issue loans based on two criteria: how badly a construction project is needed and how much good it will do for the economy.(Applause.)This idea came from a bill written by a Texas Republican and a Massachusetts Democrat.The idea for a big boost in construction is supported by America’s largest business organization and America’s largest labor organization.It’s the kind of proposal that’s been supported in the past by Democrats and Republicans alike.You should pass it right away.(Applause.)

Pass this jobs bill, and thousands of teachers in every state will go back to work.These are the men and women charged with preparing our children for a world where the competition has never been tougher.But while they’re adding teachers in places like South Korea, we’re laying them off in droves.It’s unfair to our kids.It undermines their future and ours.And it has to stop.Pass this bill, and put our teachers back in the classroom where they belong.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill, and companies will get extra tax credits if they hire America’s veterans.We ask these men and women to leave their careers, leave their families, risk their lives to fight for our country.The last thing they should have to do is fight for a job when they come home.(Applause.)

Pass this bill, and hundreds of thousands of disadvantaged young people will have the hope and the dignity of a summer job next year.And their parents--(applause)--their parents, low-income Americans who desperately want to work, will have more ladders out of poverty.Pass this jobs bill, and companies will get a $4,000 tax credit if they hire anyone who has spent more than six months looking for a job.(Applause.)We have to do more to help the long-term unemployed in their search for work.This jobs plan builds on a program in Georgia that several Republican leaders have highlighted, where people who collect unemployment insurance participate in temporary work as a way to build their skills while they look for a permanent job.The plan also extends unemployment insurance for another year.(Applause.)If the millions of unemployed Americans stopped getting this insurance, and stopped using that money for basic necessities, it would be a devastating blow to this economy.Democrats and Republicans in this chamber have supported unemployment insurance plenty of times in the past.And in this time of prolonged hardship, you should pass it again--right away.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill, and the typical working family will get a $1,500 tax cut next year.Fifteen hundred dollars that would have been taken out of your pocket will go into your pocket.This expands on the tax cut that Democrats and Republicans already passed for this year.If we allow that tax cut to expire--if we refuse to act--middle-class families will get hit with a tax increase at the worst possible time.We can’t let that happen.I know that some of you have sworn oaths to never raise any taxes on anyone for as long as you live.Now is not the time to carve out an exception and raise middle-class taxes, which is why you should pass this bill right away.(Applause.)

This is the American Jobs Act.It will lead to new jobs for construction workers, for teachers, for veterans, for first responders, young people and the long-term unemployed.It will provide tax credits to companies that hire new workers, tax relief to small business owners, and tax cuts for the middle class.And here’s the other thing I want the American people to know: The American Jobs Act will not add to the deficit.It will be paid for.And here’s how.(Applause.)The agreement we passed in July will cut government spending by about $1 trillion over the next 10 years.It also charges this Congress to come up with an additional $1.5 trillion in savings by Christmas.Tonight, I am asking you to increase that amount so that it covers the full cost of the American Jobs Act.And a week from Monday, I’ll be releasing a more ambitious deficit plan--a plan that will not only cover the cost of this jobs bill, but stabilize our debt in the long run.(Applause.)

This approach is basically the one I’ve been advocating for months.In addition to the trillion dollars of spending cuts I’ve already signed into law, it’s a balanced plan that would reduce the deficit by making additional spending cuts, by making modest adjustments to health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, and by reforming our tax code in a way that asks the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations to pay their fair share.(Applause.)What’s more, the spending cuts wouldn’t happen so abruptly that they’d be a drag on our economy, or prevent us from helping small businesses and middle-class families get back on their feet right away.Now, I realize there are some in my party who don’t think we should make any changes at all to Medicare and Medicaid, and I understand their concerns.But here’s the truth: Millions of Americans rely on Medicare in their retirement.And millions more will do so in the future.They pay for this benefit during their working years.They earn it.But with an aging population and rising health care costs, we are spending too fast to sustain the program.And if we don’t gradually reform the system while protecting current beneficiaries, it won’t be there when future retirees need it.We have to reform Medicare to strengthen it.(Applause.)

I am also--I’m also well aware that there are many Republicans who don’t believe we should raise taxes on those who are most fortunate and can best afford it.But here is what every American knows: While most people in this country struggle to make ends meet, a few of the most affluent citizens and most profitable corporations enjoy tax breaks and loopholes that nobody else gets.Right now, Warren Buffett pays a lower tax rate than his secretary--an outrage he has asked us to fix.(Laughter.)We need a tax code where everyone gets a fair shake and where everybody pays their fair share.(Applause.)And by the way, I believe the vast majority of wealthy Americans and CEOs are willing to do just that if it helps the economy grow and gets our fiscal house in order.I’ll also offer ideas to reform a corporate tax code that stands as a monument to special interest influence in Washington.By eliminating pages of loopholes and deductions, we can lower one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world.(Applause.)Our tax code should not give an advantage to companies that can afford the best-connected lobbyists.It should give an advantage to companies that invest and create jobs right here in the United States of America.(Applause.)

So we can reduce this deficit, pay down our debt, and pay for this jobs plan in the process.But in order to do this, we have to decide what our priorities are.We have to ask ourselves, “What’s the best way to grow the economy and create jobs?”

Should we keep tax loopholes for oil companies? Or should we use that money to give small business owners a tax credit when they hire new workers? Because we can’t afford to do both.Should we keep tax breaks for millionaires and billionaires? Or should we put teachers back to work so our kids can graduate ready for college and good jobs?(Applause.)Right now, we can’t afford to do both.This isn’t political grandstanding.This isn’t class warfare.This is simple math.(Laughter.)This is simple math.These are real choices.These are real choices that we’ve got to make.And I’m pretty sure I know what most Americans would choose.It’s not even close.And it’s time for us to do what’s right for our future.(Applause.)

Now, the American Jobs Act answers the urgent need to create jobs right away.But we can’t stop there.As I’ve argued since I ran for this office, we have to look beyond the immediate crisis and start building an economy that lasts into the future--an economy that creates good, middle-class jobs that pay well and offer security.We now live in a world where technology has made it possible for companies to take their business anywhere.If we want them to start here and stay here and hire here, we have to be able to out-build and out-educate and out-innovate every other country on Earth.(Applause.)

And this task of making America more competitive for the long haul, that’s a job for all of us.For government and for private companies.For states and for local communities--and for every American citizen.All of us will have to up our game.All of us will have to change the way we do business.My administration can and will take some steps to improve our competitiveness on our own.For example, if you’re a small business owner who has a contract with the federal government, we’re going to make sure you get paid a lot faster than you do right now.(Applause.)We’re also planning to cut away the red tape that prevents too many rapidly growing startup companies from raising capital and going public.And to help responsible homeowners, we’re going to work with federal housing agencies to help more people refinance their mortgages at interest rates that are now near 4 percent.That’s a step--(applause)--I know you guys must be for this, because that’s a step that can put more than $2,000 a year in a family’s pocket, and give a lift to an economy still burdened by the drop in housing prices.So, some things we can do on our own.Other steps will require congressional action.Today you passed reform that will speed up the outdated patent process, so that entrepreneurs can turn a new idea into a new business as quickly as possible.That’s the kind of action we need.Now it’s time to clear the way for a series of trade agreements that would make it easier for American companies to sell their products in Panama and Colombia and South Korea-– while also helping the workers whose jobs have been affected by global competition.(Applause.)If Americans can buy Kias and Hyundais, I want to see folks in South Korea driving Fords and Chevys and Chryslers.(Applause.)I want to see more products sold around the world stamped with the three proud words: “Made in America.” That’s what we need to get done.(Applause.)And on all of our efforts to strengthen competitiveness, we need to look for ways to work side by side with America’s businesses.That’s why I’ve brought together a Jobs Council of leaders from different industries who are developing a wide range of new ideas to help companies grow and create jobs.Already, we’ve mobilized business leaders to train 10,000 American engineers a year, by providing company internships and training.Other businesses are covering tuition for workers who learn new skills at community colleges.And we’re going to make sure the next generation of manufacturing takes root not in China or Europe, but right here, in the United States of America.(Applause)If we provide the right incentives, the right support--and if we make sure our trading partners play by the rules--we can be the ones to build everything from fuel-efficient cars to advanced biofuels to semiconductors that we sell all around the world.That’s how America can be number one again.And that’s how America will be number one again.(Applause.)

Now, I realize that some of you have a different theory on how to grow the economy.Some of you sincerely believe that the only solution to our economic challenges is to simply cut most government spending and eliminate most government regulations.(Applause.)

Well, I agree that we can’t afford wasteful spending, and I’ll work with you, with Congress, to root it out.And I agree that there are some rules and regulations that do put an unnecessary burden on businesses at a time when they can least afford it.(Applause.)That’s why I ordered a review of all government regulations.So far, we’ve identified over 500 reforms, which will save billions of dollars over the next few years.(Applause.)We should have no more regulation than the health, safety and security of the American people require.Every rule should meet that common-sense test.(Applause.)

But what we can’t do--what I will not do--is let this economic crisis be used as an excuse to wipe out the basic protections that Americans have counted on for decades.(Applause.)I reject the idea that we need to ask people to choose between their jobs and their safety.I reject the argument that says for the economy to grow, we have to roll back protections that ban hidden fees by credit card companies, or rules that keep our kids from being exposed to mercury, or laws that prevent the health insurance industry from shortchanging patients.I reject the idea that we have to strip away collective bargaining rights to compete in a global economy.(Applause.)We shouldn’t be in a race to the bottom, where we try to offer the cheapest labor and the worst pollution standards.America should be in a race to the top.And I believe we can win that race.In fact, this larger notion that the only thing we can do to restore prosperity is just dismantle government, refund everybody’s money, and let everyone write their own rules, and tell everyone they’re on their own--that’s not who we are.That’s not the story of America.Yes, we are rugged individualists.Yes, we are strong and self-reliant.And it has been the drive and initiative of our workers and entrepreneurs that has made this economy the engine and the envy of the world.But there’s always been another thread running throughout our history--a belief that we’re all connected, and that there are some things we can only do together, as a nation.We all remember Abraham Lincoln as the leader who saved our Union.Founder of the Republican Party.But in the middle of a civil war, he was also a leader who looked to the future--a Republican President who mobilized government to build the Transcontinental Railroad--(applause)--launch the National Academy of Sciences, set up the first land grant colleges.(Applause.)And leaders of both parties have followed the example he set.Ask yourselves--where would we be right now if the people who sat here before us decided not to build our highways, not to build our bridges, our dams, our airports? What would this country be like if we had chosen not to spend money on public high schools, or research universities, or community colleges? Millions of returning heroes, including my grandfather, had the opportunity to go to school because of the G.I.Bill.Where would we be if they hadn’t had that chance?(Applause.)

How many jobs would it have cost us if past Congresses decided not to support the basic research that led to the Internet and the computer chip? What kind of country would this be if this chamber had voted down Social Security or Medicare just because it violated some rigid idea about what government could or could not do?(Applause.)How many Americans would have suffered as a result? No single individual built America on their own.We built it together.We have been, and always will be, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all;a nation with responsibilities to ourselves and with responsibilities to one another.And members of Congress, it is time for us to meet our responsibilities.(Applause.)

Every proposal I’ve laid out tonight is the kind that’s been supported by Democrats and Republicans in the past.Every proposal I’ve laid out tonight will be paid for.And every proposal is designed to meet the urgent needs of our people and our communities.Now, I know there’s been a lot of skepticism about whether the politics of the moment will allow us to pass this jobs plan--or any jobs plan.Already, we’re seeing the same old press releases and tweets flying back and forth.Already, the media has proclaimed that it’s impossible to bridge our differences.And maybe some of you have decided that those differences are so great that we can only resolve them at the ballot box.But know this: The next election is 14 months away.And the people who sent us here--the people who hired us to work for them--they don’t have the luxury of waiting 14 months.(Applause.)Some of them are living week to week, paycheck to paycheck, even day to day.They need help, and they need it now.I don’t pretend that this plan will solve all our problems.It should not be, nor will it be, the last plan of action we propose.What’s guided us from the start of this crisis hasn’t been the search for a silver bullet.It’s been a commitment to stay at it--to be persistent--to keep trying every new idea that works, and listen to every good proposal, no matter which party comes up with it.Regardless of the arguments we’ve had in the past, regardless of the arguments we will have in the future, this plan is the right thing to do right now.You should pass it.(Applause.)And I intend to take that message to every corner of this country.(Applause.)And I ask--I ask every American who agrees to lift your voice: Tell the people who are gathered here tonight that you want action now.Tell Washington that doing nothing is not an option.Remind us that if we act as one nation and one people, we have it within our power to meet this challenge.President Kennedy once said, “Our problems are man-made –-therefore they can be solved by man.And man can be as big as he wants.”

These are difficult years for our country.But we are Americans.We are tougher than the times we live in, and we are bigger than our politics have been.So let’s meet the moment.Let’s get to work, and let’s show the world once again why the United States of America remains the greatest nation on Earth.(Applause.)Thank you very much.God bless you, and God bless the United States of America.這個(gè)國(guó)家的人民努力工作以盡他們的責(zé)任。今晚的問(wèn)題是我們是否能盡我們的責(zé)任。問(wèn)題在于，面對(duì)當(dāng)前發(fā)生的國(guó)家危機(jī)，我們能否停止政治游戲，真正地干些實(shí)事來(lái)幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們能否修復(fù)從一開(kāi)始就為美國(guó)定性的一些公正性和安全感。

我們今晚站在這里的人無(wú)法解決我們國(guó)家所有的問(wèn)題。最終，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)將不會(huì)由華盛頓來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)，而是我們的行業(yè)和我們的工人所驅(qū)動(dòng)。但我們可以提供幫助，我們能促成形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在我們可以采取一些行動(dòng)以幫助改善人們的生活。

我將向本屆議會(huì)提交一份你們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻通過(guò)的計(jì)劃。它被命名為美國(guó)人就業(yè)法。這份議案應(yīng)當(dāng)沒(méi)有任何爭(zhēng)議，里面列舉的所有措施都是得到民主黨人和共和黨人支持的提議，其中包括獲得今晚許多在座人士的支持。這一法案中的所有措施都將得到回報(bào)。

美國(guó)人就業(yè)法的宗旨很簡(jiǎn)單：即讓更多的人重新就業(yè)，讓那些正在工作的人收入增加。這將為建筑工人、教師、退伍老兵、長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)者創(chuàng)造更多的工作崗位。它為那些雇傭新員工的公司提供稅收優(yōu)惠，讓所有在職美國(guó)人和小企業(yè)的工資稅減半。它將為陷入失速狀態(tài)的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)提供動(dòng)力，給予公司信心，讓他們相信如果投資和招募新員工，它們的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)將會(huì)有客源。你們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻通過(guò)這項(xiàng)就業(yè)計(jì)劃。

在座的各位都知道小企業(yè)是新就業(yè)崗位的最大來(lái)源。你知道，當(dāng)大公司的利潤(rùn)水平恢復(fù)時(shí)，較小規(guī)模的公司的利潤(rùn)水平并未得到恢復(fù)。所以，對(duì)于那些發(fā)表有關(guān)讓“創(chuàng)造就業(yè)者”的生活更加容易的熱情講演者來(lái)說(shuō)，這一計(jì)劃是為你們制訂的。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，從明天開(kāi)始，如果小企業(yè)招募新員工或者提高工人工資，它們將會(huì)得到稅收優(yōu)惠。所有小企業(yè)老板明年將看到他們的工資稅減半。如果你有50名拿普通工資的員工，那么你將減少8萬(wàn)美元稅款支出。所有企業(yè)將能繼續(xù)沖銷2012年的投資。

這些提議不僅僅得到民主黨的支持。50名眾議院共和黨議員提出了同樣的工資稅減稅措施。你應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻通過(guò)這一計(jì)劃。

通過(guò)這項(xiàng)就業(yè)法案，我們可以讓人們就業(yè)，以便重建美國(guó)。在座的各位都知道我們?nèi)珖?guó)各地的道路和橋梁已年久失修。我們的高速公路擁擠不堪。我們的天空是世界上最擁擠的天空。

這是不可原諒的。建設(shè)一個(gè)世界級(jí)的運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)是使我們成為經(jīng)濟(jì)超級(jí)大國(guó)的一部分。我們現(xiàn)在要坐下來(lái)，看到中國(guó)建設(shè)更多的航空港和更快的鐵路？在數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)建筑工人失業(yè)的情況下，他們可能在美國(guó)建設(shè)這些設(shè)施么？

美國(guó)各地都有想獲得業(yè)務(wù)的私營(yíng)建筑公司。俄亥俄州和肯塔基州的一所橋梁需要翻修，它是北美交通流量最大的一個(gè)橋梁。休斯敦的一個(gè)公共運(yùn)輸項(xiàng)目將幫助解決美國(guó)交通最擁堵的一個(gè)地區(qū)。全國(guó)各地有多所學(xué)校迫切需要翻新。我們?nèi)绾文芷诖覀兊暮⒆釉谝粋€(gè)幾乎要倒塌的學(xué)校里取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)？這是美國(guó)，每個(gè)孩子都應(yīng)當(dāng)有一所非常好的學(xué)校。如果我們現(xiàn)在采取行動(dòng)，我們可以讓每個(gè)孩子都擁有一所非常好的學(xué)校。

美國(guó)人就業(yè)法將對(duì)至少35000所學(xué)校進(jìn)行修繕并使其具有現(xiàn)代化設(shè)施，它將立刻使人們重新工作，修理學(xué)校的房頂和窗戶，安裝科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在全國(guó)各地的教室安裝高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。它將使那些在喪失贖回權(quán)危機(jī)中遭到最沉重打擊的社區(qū)居民和企業(yè)恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。它將立刻啟動(dòng)全國(guó)各地的數(shù)千個(gè)運(yùn)輸項(xiàng)目上。為了確保經(jīng)費(fèi)得到妥善使用和使得其所，我們已在進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)已就位的改革措施。沒(méi)有指定用途的款項(xiàng)，沒(méi)有無(wú)聊的工作，沒(méi)有不通往任何地方的橋梁。我們將減化使一些項(xiàng)目無(wú)法立刻開(kāi)工的審批手續(xù)。我們將設(shè)立一個(gè)獨(dú)立基金以吸引私人資金并根據(jù)兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)放貸：建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的迫切性，它對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)將會(huì)有多大益處。

這一想法來(lái)自得州的一名共和黨人和馬薩諸塞州一名民主黨人所寫(xiě)的議案。推動(dòng)大規(guī)模建設(shè)得到了美國(guó)最大商業(yè)組織和美國(guó)最大勞工組織的支持。這是得到民主黨人和共和黨人同樣支持的提議。你們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻通過(guò)它。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，各州的數(shù)千名教師就能重返崗位，這些男女教師負(fù)責(zé)讓我們的孩子為世界作好準(zhǔn)備，這個(gè)世界的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)正變得越來(lái)越激烈。但在韓國(guó)等其它國(guó)家增加教師的數(shù)量時(shí)，我們卻在大量解雇教師。這對(duì)于我們的孩子是不公平的。這損害了他們和我們的未來(lái)。這種情況需要被制止。通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，讓我們的老師重新回到他們所屬的教室。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，如果公司招募美國(guó)的退伍老兵，它們將得到額外的稅收優(yōu)惠。我們要求這些男女離開(kāi)他們的職業(yè)，離開(kāi)他們的家人，冒著生命危險(xiǎn)為我們的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)斗。他們最不應(yīng)該面臨的情況是當(dāng)他們回國(guó)后還要去四處尋找工作。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，數(shù)十萬(wàn)弱勢(shì)年輕人將有明年獲得夏季工作的希望和尊嚴(yán)。他們的父母，那些非常想獲得工作的低收入美國(guó)人將得到走出貧困的更多階梯。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，如果公司招募任何一位已尋找工作六個(gè)月以上的失業(yè)人士，它們將獲得4000美元的稅收優(yōu)惠。我們得采取更多行動(dòng)以幫助那些長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人士找到工作。這一就業(yè)計(jì)劃是喬治亞州一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的升級(jí)版，數(shù)位共和黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人曾強(qiáng)調(diào)了該項(xiàng)目，那些拿失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的人們參與臨時(shí)工作，在培養(yǎng)他們的技能的同時(shí)尋找一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的工作。這一計(jì)劃還將失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)延長(zhǎng)一年。如果數(shù)百萬(wàn)失業(yè)美國(guó)人停止獲得失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)，停止使用失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)基本必需品，這將是對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的災(zāi)難性打擊。民主和共和黨議員在過(guò)去曾多次支持失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目。在困難局面仍在持續(xù)的情況下，你應(yīng)當(dāng)再次立刻通過(guò)這一項(xiàng)目。

通過(guò)這一就業(yè)法案，一個(gè)典型的工薪家庭明年將得到1500美元稅收減免。1500美元稅款將重新回到你的口袋，這將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大民主黨和共和黨人今年通過(guò)的稅收減免措施。如果我們讓稅收減免措施到期，如果我們拒絕采取行動(dòng)，中產(chǎn)階層家庭將在最糟糕的時(shí)候遭到提高稅收的打擊。我們不能讓這樣的事情發(fā)生。我知道你們其中的一些人曾發(fā)誓稱只要活著就不會(huì)提高任何人的稅收。現(xiàn)在不是采取例外措施，提高中產(chǎn)階層稅收的時(shí)候，這就是你們應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻通過(guò)這一法案的原因。

這是美國(guó)人就業(yè)法案。它將為建筑工人、老師、退役士兵、營(yíng)救人員、年輕人、長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人員提供更多就業(yè)崗位。它將為招募新員工的公司提供稅收信貸，為小企業(yè)老板提供稅務(wù)抵減，為中產(chǎn)階層減稅。我還想美國(guó)人民知道一件事：美國(guó)人就業(yè)法將不會(huì)增加赤字，它有資金來(lái)源，以下是如何得到落實(shí)這一法案的資金來(lái)源。

我們七月通過(guò)的協(xié)議將使政府開(kāi)支在未來(lái)十年減少1萬(wàn)億美元，它還要求本屆國(guó)會(huì)在圣誕節(jié)之前提出額外的1.5萬(wàn)億美元減支計(jì)劃。我今晚請(qǐng)求你們提高減支額度，以便為美國(guó)人就業(yè)法提供資金。我將在下周一的那周公布一個(gè)規(guī)模更大的赤字計(jì)劃，這個(gè)計(jì)劃不僅將覆蓋這一就業(yè)法案的開(kāi)支，而且將從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度使我們的債務(wù)穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。

這一方法與我過(guò)去數(shù)個(gè)月來(lái)一直推動(dòng)的方法基本一致。除了我已簽署成法律的萬(wàn)億美元開(kāi)支削減之外，這是一個(gè)平衡的計(jì)劃，它通過(guò)更多的開(kāi)支削減措施，微幅調(diào)整醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度和公共醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助制度等衛(wèi)生保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目、改革我們的稅收制度以要求最富有美國(guó)人和最大規(guī)模的公司來(lái)支付公正的稅款來(lái)降低赤字。此外，開(kāi)支削減措施不會(huì)突然發(fā)生，以防止它們拖累經(jīng)濟(jì)或者阻止我們幫助小企業(yè)和中產(chǎn)階層立刻重新站起來(lái)。

現(xiàn)在，我意識(shí)到我所屬的民主黨內(nèi)有一些人認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度和公共醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助制度作任何調(diào)整，我理解他們的擔(dān)心。但以下是事實(shí)，數(shù)百萬(wàn)美國(guó)人在退休時(shí)依賴醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度，未來(lái)也將有更多的人要依賴這一制度。他們?cè)诠ぷ麟A段為獲得這一福利付錢(qián)。他們有權(quán)獲得這一福利。但隨著人口的老齡化和醫(yī)療開(kāi)支的高漲，我們花錢(qián)的速度太快了。如果我們不逐步改革這一制度而保護(hù)當(dāng)前的受益者，當(dāng)未來(lái)的退休人士需要這一制度時(shí)，這一制度可能已不存在了。我們需要改革醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度以強(qiáng)化它。

我也知道許多共和黨人不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)從那些最幸運(yùn)、最有能力承受稅付的人士征稅。但以下是所美國(guó)人都知道的。雖然美國(guó)大多數(shù)人正在艱難度日，一些最富有的個(gè)人和公司卻在享受其他人沒(méi)有享受的稅收優(yōu)惠和漏洞。巴菲特要承擔(dān)的稅率低于他的秘書(shū)，他已請(qǐng)求我們解決這一難以置信的現(xiàn)象。我們需要一個(gè)所有人都得到公平負(fù)擔(dān)的稅制。我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)富有的美國(guó)人和首席執(zhí)行官們?cè)敢膺@樣作，如果它能幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，恢復(fù)我們金融機(jī)構(gòu)的秩序的話。

我也將提供改革公司稅收制度的想法，公司稅收制度長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直受華盛頓特別利益的影響。通過(guò)取消漏洞和減免，我們可以降低世界上最高的公司稅率。我們的稅收制度不應(yīng)當(dāng)使那些有能力支付游說(shuō)人士費(fèi)用的公司享有優(yōu)勢(shì)。它應(yīng)當(dāng)使那些在美國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位的公司獲得優(yōu)勢(shì)。

所以，我們可以降低赤字，為我們的債務(wù)支付首付款，提供創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位所需經(jīng)費(fèi)。但為了作到這一點(diǎn)，我們將不得不確定我們的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。我們得問(wèn)我們自己：“什么是使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的最佳方法？”

我們是否應(yīng)當(dāng)為石油公司保留稅收漏洞？或者我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把那筆錢(qián)給小企業(yè)老板作稅務(wù)抵減，當(dāng)他們招募新員工時(shí)？因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有錢(qián)同時(shí)作兩件事。我們是否應(yīng)當(dāng)保留百萬(wàn)富翁和億萬(wàn)富翁的稅收優(yōu)惠？或者我們是否應(yīng)當(dāng)讓教師重返工作，以便讓我們的孩子能夠從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，獲得好的工作？目前，我們沒(méi)有財(cái)力同時(shí)作這兩件事。

這并不是政治上的嘩眾取寵，這不是階層戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的算數(shù)問(wèn)題。這是我們要作到的真正選擇。我非常確定我知道大多數(shù)美國(guó)人將會(huì)作出何種選擇。它甚至不會(huì)很接近。現(xiàn)在是我們?yōu)槲覀兊奈磥?lái)作正確的事情的時(shí)候了。

美國(guó)人就業(yè)法回答了立刻創(chuàng)造就業(yè)崗位的迫切需要，但我們不能止步于此。正如我在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)時(shí)就一直所說(shuō)的那樣，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)不局限于目前的危機(jī)，開(kāi)始建設(shè)一個(gè)將能在未來(lái)持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)，一個(gè)創(chuàng)造好的中產(chǎn)階層工作崗位的經(jīng)濟(jì)，這些崗位的收入不錯(cuò)，而且安全。我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個(gè)技術(shù)能使公司在任何地方發(fā)展的世界。如果我們想讓它們?cè)谶@里起步，留在這里并雇傭這里的人，那么我們必須能夠比世界任何其它國(guó)家提早建設(shè)，提早教育，提前創(chuàng)新。

這一使美國(guó)從長(zhǎng)期角度更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的任務(wù)是我們所有人的工作，是政府和私營(yíng)公司、各州、當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，每位美國(guó)人的任務(wù)。我們所有人都要加入其中。我們所有人都要改變我們作事的方式。

我的政府能夠和將采取一些措施以我們自身的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。例如，如果你是一家與聯(lián)邦政府有合同的小型公司老板，我們將確保你能盡快獲得款項(xiàng)。我們還計(jì)劃減少審批手續(xù)，太多快速增長(zhǎng)的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司在籌集資本和上市方面面臨審批手續(xù)的制約。為了幫助負(fù)責(zé)任的業(yè)主，我們將與聯(lián)邦住房金融局幫助更多人來(lái)重新安排房貸，房貸的利率現(xiàn)在接近于4%。這一措施將使一家人每年多獲得2000美元，推動(dòng)仍受制于房?jī)r(jià)下跌的經(jīng)濟(jì)。

其它步驟將需要國(guó)會(huì)的行動(dòng)。今天你們將通過(guò)將加速過(guò)時(shí)專利審批進(jìn)程的改革措施，這樣企業(yè)家就能把一個(gè)新想法盡快轉(zhuǎn)變成新商機(jī)。這是我們需要采取的行動(dòng)。目前為了一系列貿(mào)易協(xié)議鋪平道路的時(shí)候了，這將使美國(guó)公司能夠更加容易地在巴拿馬、哥倫比亞、韓國(guó)出售他們的產(chǎn)品，同時(shí)也將幫助那些在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中工作職位受到影響的員工。如果美國(guó)人可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)起亞和現(xiàn)代車(chē)，我想讓韓國(guó)人駕駛福特、雪佛蘭、克萊斯勒。我想看到更多的美國(guó)制造產(chǎn)品在世界各地出售。

在所有提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的努力方面，我們需要尋找到與美國(guó)行業(yè)并肩合作的方法。這就是我為什么組建了一個(gè)由來(lái)自各個(gè)行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人組成的就業(yè)委員會(huì)，他們正在制訂一系列新想法以幫助公司成長(zhǎng)和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。

我們現(xiàn)在已動(dòng)員了行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人通過(guò)公司實(shí)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目來(lái)每年訓(xùn)練1萬(wàn)名美國(guó)工程師。其它行為將為那些在社區(qū)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)新技能的員工提供學(xué)費(fèi)。我們將確保下一代的制造業(yè)在美國(guó)扎根，而不是在中國(guó)或歐洲。如果我們提供正確的激勵(lì)措施和支持，如果我們確保我們的貿(mào)易伙伴公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，我們可以制造出從節(jié)油汽車(chē)、先進(jìn)生物燃料、暢銷世界各地的半導(dǎo)體在內(nèi)的所有東西。這是美國(guó)如何能再次作到世界第一的方法。這是美國(guó)將再次成為世界第一的方法。

現(xiàn)在我認(rèn)識(shí)到你們中的一些人可能對(duì)如何使經(jīng)濟(jì)成長(zhǎng)有不同的理論，你們中的一些人真誠(chéng)地相信，解決我們經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)的唯一方法是削減大部分政府開(kāi)支，取消大多數(shù)政府規(guī)定。

我認(rèn)同我們已支付不起浪費(fèi)性的開(kāi)支，我將繼續(xù)與國(guó)會(huì)合作以斷絕這一現(xiàn)象。我也認(rèn)為一些規(guī)則和規(guī)定使一些企業(yè)在它們最無(wú)力承擔(dān)的時(shí)候承受了毫無(wú)必要的負(fù)擔(dān)。這就是我為什么下令對(duì)所有政府規(guī)則進(jìn)行重新評(píng)估的原因。到目前為止，我們已確定了500項(xiàng)改革措施，這將在未來(lái)幾年節(jié)省數(shù)百億美元。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)所有規(guī)則都是為了確保美國(guó)人民健康、安全、安保所制訂的。所有規(guī)則都必須經(jīng)受住常識(shí)的考驗(yàn)。

但是我們不能做，我也不會(huì)做的事是讓經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)作借口來(lái)取消美國(guó)人數(shù)十年一直依賴的基本保護(hù)。我拒絕有關(guān)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓人們?cè)诰蜆I(yè)和安全性方面作出選擇的想法。我不認(rèn)同那些稱為了使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)弱化用戶不受信用卡公司隱藏收費(fèi)困擾的保護(hù)措施，或者那些使我們的兒童遠(yuǎn)離水銀的規(guī)定，或者防止保險(xiǎn)公司坑騙病人的法律。我不認(rèn)同那些為了在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就要?jiǎng)儕Z工資集體協(xié)商權(quán)的想法。我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)向下競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，提供最廉價(jià)的勞工和最糟糕的污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。美國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)向上全速行進(jìn)。我認(rèn)為這是一場(chǎng)我們能夠贏得的比賽。

事實(shí)上，有關(guān)我們恢復(fù)繁榮的唯一方法是解散政府，歸還所有人的錢(qián)，讓所有人制訂自己的規(guī)劃，告訴所有人要只憑借自身力量的理念不是美國(guó)人的想法。這不是美國(guó)的故事。

是的，我們是堅(jiān)定的個(gè)人主義者。是的，我們很強(qiáng)大，自力更生。我們工人和企業(yè)家的干勁和創(chuàng)意使我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)成為世界的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，令其它國(guó)家感到羨慕。

但我們的歷史中一直存在著另一條主線：一個(gè)我們所有人都是相聯(lián)系的，我們作為國(guó)家只能一起合作共事才能完成的一些事情。

我們都記得林肯是一位挽救了我們聯(lián)盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。但在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)進(jìn)行到中期的時(shí)候，他也是一位展望未來(lái)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，一位動(dòng)員政府來(lái)建設(shè)跨洲際鐵路、建立國(guó)家科學(xué)院、組建首批贈(zèng)地大學(xué)的共和黨總統(tǒng)。兩黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人追隨了他所創(chuàng)立的榜樣。

問(wèn)一下你們自己，如果先前坐在這里的人沒(méi)有決定建設(shè)我們的高速公路和橋梁，我們的水壩和我們的機(jī)場(chǎng)，我們現(xiàn)在會(huì)在哪里？如果我們沒(méi)有選擇投資于公立中學(xué)或者研究性大學(xué)或者社區(qū)大學(xué)，這個(gè)國(guó)家將會(huì)是什么樣？包括我祖父在內(nèi)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)退伍老兵由于美國(guó)士兵法案而獲得了上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。如果他們沒(méi)有那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我們現(xiàn)在會(huì)在哪里？

如果往屆國(guó)會(huì)決定不支持產(chǎn)生互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和計(jì)算機(jī)芯片的基礎(chǔ)研究，我們將會(huì)損失多少工作崗位？如果本屆國(guó)會(huì)只是因?yàn)橛嘘P(guān)政府行為的僵化觀念而否決社?；蛘哚t(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度，這個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)是什么樣子？有多少美國(guó)人將會(huì)因此受苦？

沒(méi)有哪個(gè)個(gè)人憑借自身的力量建設(shè)了美國(guó)，我們共同建設(shè)了它。我們過(guò)去將來(lái)也一直是一個(gè)國(guó)家，在上帝的看護(hù)下，不可分裂，所有人都能享受自由和正義，一個(gè)對(duì)我們自身和彼此負(fù)有責(zé)任的國(guó)家。國(guó)會(huì)議員們，現(xiàn)在是我們負(fù)起責(zé)任的時(shí)候了。

我今晚提出的每項(xiàng)提議過(guò)去都曾得到民主黨人和共和黨人的支持，我所提出的所有提議都有經(jīng)費(fèi)保護(hù)。所有提議就是為了滿足我們?nèi)嗣窈蜕鐓^(qū)的迫切需要所制訂的。

我知道人們對(duì)目前的政治活動(dòng)是否允許的我們通過(guò)就業(yè)計(jì)劃或者任何這方面的計(jì)劃存在一些疑問(wèn)。我們已看到和過(guò)去一樣的媒體聲明和推特言論。媒體已宣稱我們無(wú)法克服我們的分歧。人們中的一些人可能認(rèn)為，分歧是如此地大，我們將只能通過(guò)投票箱來(lái)解決這些分歧。

但是應(yīng)當(dāng)知道這一點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在距離下一次選舉只有14個(gè)月的時(shí)間，把我們送到這里的人們，那些雇傭我們?yōu)樗麄児ぷ鞯娜藗儾](méi)有等待14個(gè)月時(shí)間的奢侈。他們中的一些人正在艱難度日，他們需要幫助，他們現(xiàn)在就需要幫助。

我不想假裝認(rèn)為這一計(jì)劃將能解決所有問(wèn)題，它不應(yīng)當(dāng)也不會(huì)是我們所提議的最后一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)方案。從危機(jī)的一開(kāi)始指導(dǎo)我們行動(dòng)就不是尋找靈丹妙藥。它一直是持續(xù)關(guān)注，不斷地嘗試能夠奏效的新想法，聽(tīng)取所有好的提議，不管是哪一個(gè)黨提出的。

不管我們過(guò)去或者將來(lái)有何爭(zhēng)論，這一計(jì)劃是我們現(xiàn)在要做的正確事情。你們應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)它。我想把這一信息傳播到美國(guó)的各個(gè)角落。我也請(qǐng)所有對(duì)此持支持態(tài)度的美國(guó)人發(fā)言，告訴議員們，你需要立刻采取行動(dòng)。告訴華盛頓，什么事不做不是一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。提醒我們，如果我們作為一個(gè)國(guó)家和一個(gè)人民來(lái)行動(dòng)，我們有能力應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。

肯尼迪總統(tǒng)曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我們的問(wèn)題是人為的，因此它們可以被人們所解決。心有多廣大，人就有多強(qiáng)大?！?/p>

現(xiàn)在對(duì)我們國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)這是困難的歲月，但我們是美國(guó)人，我們要比我們生活的時(shí)代更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，我們要比我們的政治活動(dòng)更偉大。所以，讓我們迎接這一時(shí)刻。讓我們工作，向世界再次表明，美國(guó)仍是世界上最偉大的國(guó)家。謝謝你們，上帝保佑你，愿上帝保佑美國(guó)。(

第三篇：美國(guó)第44任總統(tǒng)奧巴馬就職典禮中英文對(duì)照

美國(guó)第44任總統(tǒng)奧巴馬就職典禮中英文對(duì)照

Barack Obama's Inaugural Address My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today.We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisionsnot only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.All this we can do.And all this we will do.Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitionsthat the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it worksto spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of dayand that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity;on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing hearteven greater cooperation and understanding between nations.We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan.With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness.We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindusknow that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy.To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history;but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow;to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect.For the world has changed, and we must change with it.As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains.They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service;a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.And yet, at this momentit is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies.It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours.It is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.Our challenges may be new.The instruments with which we meet them may be new.But those values upon which our success dependsthese things are old.These things are true.They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.What is demanded then is a return to these truths.What is required of us now is a new era of responsibilitythe knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed-why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled.In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river.The capital was abandoned.The enemy was advancing.The snow was stained with blood.At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].America.In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words.With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come.Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter;and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.美國(guó)東部時(shí)間1月20日中午12時(shí)左右，美國(guó)第44任總統(tǒng)貝拉克·奧巴馬發(fā)表就職演說(shuō)，全文如下：

我的同胞們：

今天我站在這里，看到眼前面臨的重大任務(wù)，深感卑微。我感謝你們對(duì)我的信任，也知道先輩們?yōu)榱诉@個(gè)國(guó)家所作的犧牲。我要感謝布什總統(tǒng)為國(guó)家做出的貢獻(xiàn)，以及感謝他在兩屆政府過(guò)渡期間給與的慷慨協(xié)作。

迄今為止，已經(jīng)有44個(gè)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)宣誓就職?？偨y(tǒng)的宣誓有時(shí)面對(duì)的是國(guó)家的和平繁榮，但通常面臨的是烏云密布的緊張形勢(shì)。在緊張的形勢(shì)中，支持美國(guó)前進(jìn)的不僅僅是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的能力和遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，也在于美國(guó)人民對(duì)國(guó)家先驅(qū)者理想的信仰，以及對(duì)美國(guó)立國(guó)文件的忠誠(chéng)。

前輩們?nèi)绱?，我們這一代美國(guó)人也要如此。

現(xiàn)在我們都深知，我們身處危機(jī)之中。我們的國(guó)家在戰(zhàn)斗，對(duì)手是影響深遠(yuǎn)的暴力和憎恨；國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)也受到嚴(yán)重的削弱，原因雖有一些人的貪婪和不負(fù)責(zé)任，但更為重要的是我們作為一個(gè)整體在一些重大問(wèn)題上決策失誤，同時(shí)也未能做好應(yīng)對(duì)新時(shí)代的準(zhǔn)備。

我們的人民正在失去家園，失去工作，很多且要倒閉。社會(huì)的醫(yī)療過(guò)于昂貴、學(xué)校教育讓許多人失望，而且每天都會(huì)有新的證據(jù)顯示，我們利用能源的方式助長(zhǎng)了我們的敵對(duì)勢(shì)力，同時(shí)也威脅著我們的星球。

統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的指標(biāo)傳達(dá)著危機(jī)的消息。危機(jī)難以測(cè)量，但更難以測(cè)量的是其對(duì)美國(guó)人國(guó)家自信的侵蝕——現(xiàn)在一種認(rèn)為美國(guó)衰落不可避免，我們的下一代必須低調(diào)的言論正在吞噬著人們的自信。

今天我要說(shuō)，我們的確面臨著很多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，而且在短期內(nèi)不大可能輕易解決。但是我們要相信，我們一定會(huì)度過(guò)難關(guān)。

今天，我們?cè)谶@里齊聚一堂，因?yàn)槲覀儜?zhàn)勝恐懼選擇了希望，摒棄了沖突和矛盾而選擇了團(tuán)結(jié)。

今天，我們宣布要為無(wú)謂的摩擦、不實(shí)的承諾和指責(zé)畫(huà)上句號(hào)，我們要打破牽制美國(guó)政治發(fā)展的若干陳舊教條。

美國(guó)仍是一個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家，借用《圣經(jīng)》的話說(shuō)，放棄幼稚的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)了。重拾堅(jiān)韌精神的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)，我們要為歷史作出更好的選擇，我們要秉承歷史賦予的寶貴權(quán)利，秉承那種代代相傳的高貴理念：上帝賦予我們每個(gè)人以平等和自由，以及每個(gè)人盡全力去追求幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。

在重申我們國(guó)家偉大之處的同時(shí)，我們深知偉大從來(lái)不是上天賜予的，偉大需要努力贏得。(我們的民族一路走來(lái))，這旅途之中從未有過(guò)捷徑或者妥協(xié)，這旅途也不適合膽怯之人、或者愛(ài)安逸勝過(guò)愛(ài)工作之人、或者單單追求名利之人。這條路是勇于承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)者之路，是實(shí)干家、創(chuàng)造者之路。這其中有一些人名留青史，但是更多的人卻在默默無(wú)聞地工作著。正是這些人帶領(lǐng)我們走過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)崎嶇的旅行，帶領(lǐng)我們走向富強(qiáng)和自由。

為了我們，先輩們帶著微薄的細(xì)軟，橫渡大洋，尋找新生活；為了我們，先輩們?nèi)倘柝?fù)重，用血汗?jié)茶T工廠；為了我們，先輩們?cè)诨氖彽奈鞑看蟮匦燎诟?，定居他鄉(xiāng)；為了我們，先輩們奔赴(獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的)康科德城和葛底斯堡、(二戰(zhàn)中的)諾曼底、(越戰(zhàn)中的)Khe Sahn，他們征戰(zhàn)、死去。

一次又一次，我們的先輩們戰(zhàn)斗著、犧牲著、操勞著，只為了我們可以生活得更好。在他們看來(lái)，美國(guó)的強(qiáng)盛與偉大超越了個(gè)人雄心，也超越了個(gè)人的出身、貧富和派別差異。

今天我們繼續(xù)先輩們的旅途。美國(guó)依然是地球上最富裕、最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。同危機(jī)初露端倪之時(shí)相比，美國(guó)人民的生產(chǎn)力依然旺盛；與上周、上個(gè)月或者去年相比，我們的頭腦依然富于創(chuàng)造力，我們的商品和服務(wù)依然很有市場(chǎng)，我們的實(shí)力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，輕歌曼舞的時(shí)代、保護(hù)狹隘利益的時(shí)代以及對(duì)艱難決定猶豫不決的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。從今天開(kāi)始，我們必須跌倒后爬起來(lái)，拍拍身上的泥土，重新開(kāi)始工作，重塑美國(guó)。

我目之所及，都有工作有待完成。國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況要求我們采取大膽且快速的行動(dòng)，我們的確是要行動(dòng)，不僅是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造就業(yè)，更要為(下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì))增長(zhǎng)打下新的基礎(chǔ)。我們將造橋鋪路，為企業(yè)鋪設(shè)電網(wǎng)和數(shù)字線路，將我們聯(lián)系在一起。我們將回歸科學(xué)，運(yùn)用科技的奇跡提高醫(yī)療質(zhì)量，降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。我們將利用風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能和土壤驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輛，為工廠提供能源。我們將改革中小學(xué)以及大專院校，以適應(yīng)新時(shí)代的要求。這一切，我們都能做到，而且我們都將會(huì)做到。

現(xiàn)在，有一些人開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑我們的野心是不是太大了，他們認(rèn)為我們的體制承載不了太多的宏偉計(jì)劃。他們是健忘了。他們已經(jīng)忘了這個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)取得的成就；他們已經(jīng)忘了當(dāng)創(chuàng)造力與共同目標(biāo)以及必要的勇氣結(jié)合起來(lái)時(shí)，自由的美國(guó)人民所能發(fā)揮的能量。

這些懷疑論者的錯(cuò)誤在于，他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到政治現(xiàn)實(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)耗掉我們太多精力的陳腐政治論爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)不再適用。今天，我們的問(wèn)題不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否起作用，政府能否幫助家庭找到薪水合適的工作、給他們可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起的醫(yī)療保障并讓他們體面地退休。哪個(gè)方案能給與肯定的答案，我們就推進(jìn)哪個(gè)方案。哪個(gè)方案的答案是否定的，我們就選擇終止。而掌管納稅人稅金的人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)起責(zé)任，合理支出，摒棄陋習(xí)，磊落做事，這有這樣才能在政府和人民之間重建至關(guān)重要的相互信任。

我們面臨的問(wèn)題也不是市場(chǎng)好壞的問(wèn)題。市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富、拓展自由的能力無(wú)可匹敵，但是這場(chǎng)危機(jī)提醒我們，如果沒(méi)有監(jiān)管，市場(chǎng)很可能就會(huì)失去控制，而且偏袒富人國(guó)家的繁榮無(wú)法持久。國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成敗不僅僅取決于國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的大小，而且取決于繁榮的覆蓋面，取決于我們是否有能力讓所有有意愿的人都有機(jī)會(huì)走向富裕。我們這樣做不是慈善，而是因?yàn)檫@是確保實(shí)現(xiàn)共同利益的途徑。

就共同防御而言，我們認(rèn)為國(guó)家安全與國(guó)家理想的只能選其一的排他選擇是錯(cuò)的。面對(duì)我們幾乎無(wú)法想像的危險(xiǎn)，我們的先輩們起草了確保法治和個(gè)人權(quán)利的憲章。一代代人民的鮮血夯實(shí)了這一憲章。憲章中的理想依然照亮著世界，我們不能以經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談放棄這些理想。因此我想對(duì)正在觀看這一儀式的其他國(guó)家的人民和政府說(shuō)，不論他們現(xiàn)在各國(guó)偉大的首府還是在如同我父親出生地一般的小村落，我想讓他們知道：對(duì)于每個(gè)追求和平和自尊的國(guó)家和個(gè)人而言，美國(guó)都是朋友，我們?cè)敢庠俅晤I(lǐng)導(dǎo)大家踏上追尋之旅。

回想先輩們?cè)诘挚狗ㄎ魉怪髁x之時(shí)，他們不僅依靠手中的導(dǎo)彈或坦克，他們還依靠穩(wěn)固的聯(lián)盟和堅(jiān)定的信仰。他們深知單憑自己的力量我們無(wú)法保護(hù)自己，他們也深知我們強(qiáng)大并不足以使我們有權(quán)利為所欲為。他們明白，正是因?yàn)槭褂弥?jǐn)慎，我們的實(shí)力才不斷增強(qiáng)；正是因?yàn)槲覀兊氖聵I(yè)是公正的、我們?yōu)槭澜鐦?shù)立了榜樣，因?yàn)槲覀兊闹t卑和節(jié)制，我們才安全。

我們繼承了這些遺產(chǎn)。在這些原則的再次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們有能力應(yīng)對(duì)新的威脅，我們需要付出更多的努力、進(jìn)行國(guó)家間更廣泛的合作以及增進(jìn)國(guó)家間的理解。首先，我們將以負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度，將伊拉克交還給伊拉克人民，同時(shí)鞏固阿富汗來(lái)之不易的和平。對(duì)于老朋友和老對(duì)手，我們將繼續(xù)努力，不遺余力，削弱核威脅，遏制全球變暖的幽靈。我們不會(huì)為我們的生活方式感到報(bào)歉，我們會(huì)不動(dòng)搖地捍衛(wèi)我們的生活方式。對(duì)于那些企圖通過(guò)恐怖主義或屠殺無(wú)辜平民達(dá)成目標(biāo)的人，我們要對(duì)他們說(shuō)：我們的信仰更加堅(jiān)定，不可動(dòng)搖，你們不可能拖垮我們，我們定將戰(zhàn)勝你們。

因?yàn)槲覀冎?，我們的多元化遺產(chǎn)是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，而非劣勢(shì)。我們國(guó)家里有基督徒也有穆斯林，有猶太教徒也有印度教徒，同時(shí)也有非宗教信徒。我們民族的成長(zhǎng)受到許多語(yǔ)言和文化的影響，我們吸取了這個(gè)星球上任何一個(gè)角落的有益成分。正是因?yàn)槲覀兠褡逶H嘗過(guò)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和種族隔離的苦酒，并且在經(jīng)歷了這些黑色的篇章之后變得更加強(qiáng)大更加團(tuán)結(jié)，因此我們不由自主，只能相信一切仇恨終有一天都會(huì)成為過(guò)去，種族的劃分不久就會(huì)消失，而且隨著世界變得越來(lái)越小，我們相信終有一天人類共有的人性品德將會(huì)自動(dòng)顯現(xiàn)。在迎接新的和平時(shí)代到來(lái)的過(guò)程中，美國(guó)需要發(fā)揮自己的作用。

思索前方的路，我們無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不在銘記那些遠(yuǎn)征沙漠和偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的英勇美國(guó)戰(zhàn)士，對(duì)他們充滿了感激之情，他們和那些安息在阿靈頓國(guó)家公墓之下的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)英雄們一樣，給與我們啟示。

我們尊敬他們，不僅因?yàn)樗麄兪亲杂傻氖刈o(hù)者，還因?yàn)樗麄兇淼氖菫閲?guó)家服務(wù)的精神，他們自愿追尋比自身的價(jià)值更偉大的意義(美國(guó)國(guó)家之偉大)。此時(shí)此刻，在這個(gè)要塑造一代人的時(shí)刻，我們需要的正是這樣一種精神。

因?yàn)闊o(wú)論美國(guó)政府能做多少，必須做多少，美國(guó)國(guó)家的立國(guó)之本最終還是美國(guó)人的決心和信念。于防洪堤壩決堤之時(shí)收留陌生受難者的善意，于在經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的時(shí)候?qū)幵笢p少自己工時(shí)也不肯看著朋友失業(yè)的無(wú)私，正是他們支撐我們走過(guò)黑暗的時(shí)刻。消防隊(duì)員沖入滿是濃煙的樓梯搶救生命的勇氣，父母養(yǎng)育孩子的堅(jiān)持，正是這些決定了我們的命運(yùn)。

我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)也許是新的，我們應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的措施也許也是新的，但那些長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)指導(dǎo)我們成功的價(jià)值觀——勤奮、誠(chéng)實(shí)、勇氣、公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、包容以及對(duì)世界保持好奇心，還有對(duì)國(guó)家的忠誠(chéng)和愛(ài)國(guó)主義——卻是歷久彌新，這些價(jià)值觀是可靠的。他們是創(chuàng)造美國(guó)歷史的無(wú)聲力量。我們現(xiàn)在需要的就是回歸這些古老的價(jià)值觀。我們需要一個(gè)新的負(fù)責(zé)任的時(shí)代，一個(gè)覺(jué)醒的時(shí)代，每個(gè)國(guó)人都應(yīng)意識(shí)到即我們對(duì)自己、對(duì)國(guó)家和世界負(fù)有責(zé)任，我們不應(yīng)該不情愿地接受這些責(zé)任，而應(yīng)該快樂(lè)地承擔(dān)起這些責(zé)任。我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)定這一認(rèn)識(shí)，即沒(méi)有什么比全身心投入一項(xiàng)艱巨的工作更能鍛煉我們的性格，更能獲得精神上的滿足。

這是公民應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)，應(yīng)做出的承諾。

我們自信源于對(duì)上帝的信仰，上帝號(hào)召我們要掌握自己的命運(yùn)。

這就是我們自由和信仰的意義，這也是為何不同種族、不同信仰、不同性別和年齡的人可以同聚一堂在此歡慶的原因，也是我今天能站在這里莊嚴(yán)宣誓的原因，而在50多年前我的父親甚至都不能成為地方餐館的服務(wù)生。

所以，讓我們銘記自己的身份，鐫刻自己的足跡。在美國(guó)誕生的時(shí)代，那最寒冷的歲月里，一群勇敢的愛(ài)國(guó)人士圍著篝火在冰封的河邊取暖。首都被占領(lǐng)，敵人在挺進(jìn)，冬天的雪被鮮血染成了紅色。在美國(guó)大革命最受質(zhì)疑的時(shí)刻，我們的國(guó)父?jìng)冞@樣說(shuō)：

“我們要讓未來(lái)的世界知道??在深冬的嚴(yán)寒里，唯有希望和勇氣才能讓我們存活??面對(duì)共同的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們的城市和國(guó)家要勇敢地上前去面對(duì)?！?/p>

今天的美國(guó)也在嚴(yán)峻的寒冬中面對(duì)共同的挑戰(zhàn)，讓我們記住國(guó)父?jìng)儾恍嗟恼Z(yǔ)言。帶著希望和勇氣，讓我們?cè)僖淮斡赂业孛鎸?duì)寒流，迎接可能會(huì)發(fā)生的風(fēng)暴。我們要讓我們的子孫后代記住，在面臨挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，我們沒(méi)有屈服，我們沒(méi)有逃避也沒(méi)有猶豫，我們腳踏實(shí)地、心懷信仰，秉承了寶貴的自由權(quán)利并將其安全地交到了下一代的手中。

第四篇：美國(guó)首任黑人總統(tǒng)奧巴馬競(jìng)選演講稿(中英)

美國(guó)首任黑人總統(tǒng)奧巴馬競(jìng)選演講稿（中英）網(wǎng)友常用標(biāo)簽（共4個(gè)）：

中英對(duì)照奧巴馬美國(guó)競(jìng)選黑人總統(tǒng)

美國(guó)首任黑人總統(tǒng)奧巴馬競(jìng)選演講：我們需要的變革。

Obama: The Change We Need

This is a defining moment in our history.We face the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression--760,000 workers have lost their jobs this year.Businesses and families can't get credit.Home values are falling, and pensions are disappearing.Wages are lower than they've been in a decade, at a time when the costs of health care and college have never been higher.At a moment like this, we can't afford four more years of spending increases, poorly designed tax cuts, or the complete lack of regulatory oversight that even former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan now believes was a mistake.America needs a new direction.That's why I'm running for president of the United States.Tomorrow, you can give this country the change we need.My opponent, Senator McCain, has served his country honorably.He can even point to a few moments in the past where he has broken from his party.But over the past eight years, he's voted with President Bush 90% of the time.And when it comes to the economy, he still can't tell the American people one major thing he'd do differently from George Bush.It's not change to come up with a tax plan that doesn't give a penny of relief to more than 100 million middle-class Americans--a plan that even the National Review and other conservative organizations complain does far too little to benefit the middle class.It's not change to add more than $5 trillion to the deficits we've run up in recent years.It's not change to come up with a plan to address our housing crisis that puts another $300 billion of taxpayer money at risk--a plan that the editorial board of this newspaper said 'raises more questions than it answers.'

If there's one thing we've learned from this economic crisis, it's that we are all in this together.From CEOs to shareholders, from financiers to factory workers, we all have a stake in each other's success because the more Americans prosper, the more America prospers.That's why we've had titans of industry who've made it their mission to pay well enough that their employees could afford the products they made--businessmen like Warren Buffett, whose support I'm proud to have.That's why our economy hasn't just been the world's greatest wealth creator--it's been the world's greatest job generator.It's been the tide that has lifted the boats of the largest middle class in history.To rebuild that middle class, I'll give a tax break to 95% of workers and their families.If you work, pay taxes, and make less than $200,000, you'll get a tax cut.If you make more than $250,000, you'll still pay taxes at a lower rate than in the 1990s

--and capital gains and dividend taxes one-third lower than they were under President Reagan.We'll create two million new jobs by rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure and laying broadband lines that reach every corner of the country.I'll invest $15 billion a year over the next decade in renewable energy, creating five million new, green jobs that pay well, can't be outsourced, and can help end our dependence on Middle East oil.When it comes to health care, we don't have to choose between a government-run system and the unaffordable one we have now.My opponent's plan would make you pay taxes on your health-care benefits for the first time in history.My plan will make health care affordable and accessible for every American.If you already have health insurance, the only change you'll see under my plan is lower premiums.If you don't, you'll be able to get the same kind of plan that members of Congress get for themselves.To give every child a world-class education so they can compete in this global economy for the jobs of the 21st century, I'll invest in early childhood education and recruit an army of new teachers.But I'll also demand higher standards and more accountability.And we'll make a deal with every young American: If you commit to serving your community or your country, we will make sure you can afford your tuition.And when it comes to keeping this country safe, I'll end the Iraq war responsibly so we stop spending $10 billion a month in Iraq while it sits on a huge surplus.For the sake of our economy, our military and the long-term stability of Iraq, it's time for the Iraqis to step up.I'll finally finish the fight against bin Laden and the al Qaeda terrorists who attacked us on 9/11, build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century, and restore our moral standing so that America remains the last, best hope of Earth.None of this will be easy.It won't happen overnight.But I believe we can do this because I believe in America.This is the country that allowed our parents and

grandparents to believe that even if they couldn't go to college, they could save a little bit each week so their child could;that even if they couldn't have their own business, they could work hard enough so their child could open one of their own.And at every moment in our history, we've risen to meet our challenges because we've never forgotten the fundamental truth that in America, our destiny is not written for us, but by us.So tomorrow, I ask you to write our nation's next great chapter.I ask you to believe--not just in my ability to bring about change, but in yours.Tomorrow, you can choose policies that invest in our middle class, create new jobs, and grow this economy so that everyone has a chance to succeed.You can choose hope over fear, unity over division, the promise of change over the power of the status quo.If you give me your vote, we won't just win this election--together, we will change this country and change the world.現(xiàn)在是美國(guó)歷史的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。我們面臨著大蕭條以來(lái)最為嚴(yán)重的一場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)：今年以來(lái)已經(jīng)有76萬(wàn)人失業(yè)；企業(yè)和家庭無(wú)法獲得信貸；房?jī)r(jià)不斷下滑，養(yǎng)老金日益縮水；工資降到了十年來(lái)的最低水平，同時(shí)醫(yī)療和教育成本卻漲到了有史以來(lái)的最高點(diǎn)。

在眼下這樣的危急時(shí)刻，我們承受不起又一個(gè)四年的支出增長(zhǎng)、千瘡百孔的減稅措施、或是監(jiān)管全無(wú)──即使是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)（Fed）前主席格林斯潘（Alan Greenspan）現(xiàn)在也承認(rèn)那是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。美國(guó)需要一個(gè)新的方向。這也正是我競(jìng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的原因所在。

明天，也就是周二，你們將有能力賦予這個(gè)國(guó)家我們所需要的變革。

Corbis我的競(jìng)選對(duì)手麥凱恩參議員為美國(guó)作出的貢獻(xiàn)令人尊敬。他甚至可以指出他過(guò)去曾有幾次與自己的黨派分道揚(yáng)鑣。然而，在過(guò)去八年中，他十之八九都贊同布什總統(tǒng)的主張。而在經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題上，他仍然無(wú)法向美國(guó)民眾說(shuō)明，他與布什的做法會(huì)有什么太大區(qū)別。

如果提出的稅收計(jì)劃沒(méi)有讓1億多美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)獲得一分錢(qián)的稅項(xiàng)減免，這不是變革──即使是《國(guó)家評(píng)論》（National Review）雜志和其他保守派組織也抱怨說(shuō)，這個(gè)計(jì)劃對(duì)造福中產(chǎn)階級(jí)貢獻(xiàn)寥寥。在近年來(lái)不斷累積的財(cái)政赤字上再添5萬(wàn)億美元，這不是變革。如果解決房市危機(jī)的計(jì)劃又將另外3,000億美元納稅人的錢(qián)置于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之中，這不是變革──《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》編輯委員會(huì)稱這一計(jì)劃“產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題比解決的問(wèn)題多”。

如果說(shuō)我們從此次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)中學(xué)到了什么的話，那就是我們要患難與共。從首席執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)到公司股東，從金融家到工廠工人，我們每個(gè)人都休戚相關(guān)，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的民眾越富足，美國(guó)才會(huì)越繁榮。

這就是為什么我們有些企業(yè)巨頭把提高員工薪酬作為自己的一項(xiàng)使命，讓員工能買(mǎi)得起自己生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品，比如巴菲特（Warren Buffett）這樣的商界人士。我對(duì)能有他的支持感到自豪。這就是為什么美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不僅是世界上最偉大的財(cái)富創(chuàng)造者，也是世界上最偉大的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)制造者。它一直托舉著有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)之舟。

為了重塑美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，我將給予95%的工人及其家庭稅收減免待遇。如果你工作，就交稅；如果年收入不足20萬(wàn)美元，你會(huì)獲得減稅；即使你的年收入超過(guò)了25萬(wàn)美元，你所負(fù)擔(dān)的稅率也比上世紀(jì)九十年代要低──資本利得稅和股息稅要比里根總統(tǒng)時(shí)期低三分之一。

通過(guò)重建日益破敗的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、在美國(guó)的各個(gè)角落接通寬帶，我們將創(chuàng)造200萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。未來(lái)的十年中，我將每年在可再生能源領(lǐng)域投資150億美元，進(jìn)而新增500萬(wàn)個(gè)崗位；這些工作環(huán)保、薪酬豐厚、不能外包，而且能幫助我們擺脫對(duì)中東石油的依賴。

在醫(yī)療問(wèn)題上，我們不必在政府運(yùn)營(yíng)的體系和目前這種我們難以負(fù)擔(dān)的體系之間進(jìn)行選擇。我的競(jìng)選對(duì)手提出的方案會(huì)令美國(guó)人有史以來(lái)首次為自己獲得的醫(yī)療福利納稅。我的計(jì)劃則會(huì)讓醫(yī)療保健成為每個(gè)美國(guó)人都負(fù)擔(dān)得起、享受得到的服務(wù)。根據(jù)我的計(jì)劃，如果你已經(jīng)有了醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，你將看到的唯一一個(gè)變化是保費(fèi)降低；如果你還沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，你將能與國(guó)會(huì)議員們享受到同樣的醫(yī)療福利。

為了讓每個(gè)孩子享受到世界級(jí)的教育，讓他們能在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)21世紀(jì)的工作崗位，我將投資早期教育，并且增加師資力量。不過(guò)，我同時(shí)也會(huì)要求更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和更多的責(zé)任。我們向每個(gè)美國(guó)年輕人作出承諾：如果你致力于服務(wù)你的社區(qū)或是你的國(guó)家，我們將確保你能負(fù)擔(dān)得起自己的學(xué)費(fèi)。

在國(guó)防安全問(wèn)題上，我將負(fù)責(zé)任地結(jié)束伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，這樣我們就不必在這個(gè)國(guó)家享有巨額財(cái)政盈余的情況下每月卻要在那里花費(fèi)100億美元。為了美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、美國(guó)的軍隊(duì)和伊拉克的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定，現(xiàn)在是伊拉克人站出來(lái)的時(shí)候了。我將最終完成對(duì)本·拉登（Bin Laden）和基地組織恐怖分子的打擊，正是這些人制造了9/11恐怖襲擊，同時(shí)我還會(huì)建立新的合作關(guān)系、擊退21世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)的威脅，恢復(fù)我們的道德威望，讓美國(guó)仍然是地球上最后也是最好的希望。

這些事情沒(méi)有一件是輕而易舉能辦到的，也不是一朝一夕能完成的。但是，我堅(jiān)信我們能成功，因?yàn)槲覍?duì)美國(guó)深信不疑。是美國(guó)使我們的父輩相信，即使他們自己無(wú)法上大學(xué)，也可以每周積攢下一些錢(qián)來(lái)，讓他們的孩子接受好的教育；即使他們不能擁有自己的企業(yè)，也可以通過(guò)努力工作讓自己的孩子創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)。在美國(guó)歷史的每個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們都勇敢地站起來(lái)面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)槲覀儚膩?lái)沒(méi)有忘記過(guò)這樣一個(gè)基本真理：在美國(guó)，我們的命運(yùn)并非天定，而是掌握在我們自己的手中。所以，明天，我懇請(qǐng)你們書(shū)寫(xiě)美國(guó)下一個(gè)偉大的篇章。我懇請(qǐng)你們不只相信我?guī)?lái)變革的能力，還有你們自己的能力。明天，你們可以選擇這樣一種政策──向美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)進(jìn)行投入、創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)崗位、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)讓人人都有成功的機(jī)會(huì)。你們可以選擇希望而非恐懼、選擇團(tuán)結(jié)

而非分裂、選擇變革的希望而非墨守成規(guī)。如果你們投我的票，我們將不僅贏得此次競(jìng)選，還將一起改變這個(gè)國(guó)家、改變這個(gè)世界。

第五篇：從奧巴馬當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)看美國(guó)選舉文化

從奧巴馬當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)看美國(guó)選舉文化

學(xué)號(hào)：0801010223

姓名：田智超

摘要：美國(guó)實(shí)行總統(tǒng)制，總統(tǒng)選舉每四年舉行一次?？偨y(tǒng)選舉的程序與過(guò)程極為錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，包括預(yù)選、黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)、總統(tǒng)候選人競(jìng)選、全國(guó)選民投票選出總統(tǒng)“選舉人”、“選舉人”成立選舉人團(tuán)正式選舉總統(tǒng)和當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)就職典禮等幾個(gè)階段。

關(guān)鍵詞：奧巴馬 選舉制度 選舉文化

2008年11月5日，四年一度的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉終于落下帷幕，巴拉克·侯賽因·奧巴馬正式當(dāng)選為美國(guó)第56屆總統(tǒng)。奧巴馬作為美國(guó)歷史上第一位非洲裔的黑人總統(tǒng)，他的競(jìng)選歷程更能夠全方位地展現(xiàn)出美國(guó)選舉文化諸方面的特點(diǎn)，其深刻的內(nèi)涵以及對(duì)美國(guó)乃至全世界所產(chǎn)生的重大影響，值得我們對(duì)此進(jìn)行深入的研究。

美國(guó)選舉文化的歷史起源

18世紀(jì)中葉，北美的13個(gè)英國(guó)殖民地逐漸形成，他們?cè)谟?guó)的最高主權(quán)下有各自的政府和議會(huì)。這13個(gè)殖民區(qū)因氣候和地理環(huán)境的差異，造成了各地經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)、政治制度與觀念上的差別。18世紀(jì)中葉，英國(guó)在美洲的殖民地與英國(guó)之間，已有了裂痕，殖民地萌生了獨(dú)立的念頭。

1773年，波士頓傾茶事件成為了美國(guó)獨(dú)立運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)始。1774年，來(lái)自12個(gè)州的代表聚集在費(fèi)城，召開(kāi)了第一次大陸會(huì)議，希望能尋出一條合理的途徑，與英國(guó)和平解決問(wèn)題。然而英王卻堅(jiān)持殖民地必須無(wú)條件臣服于英王，并接受處分。1775年，獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)火在馬薩諸塞州萊克星頓點(diǎn)燃。1776年5月，在費(fèi)城召開(kāi)第二次大陸會(huì)議發(fā)表了著名的《獨(dú)立宣言》。1787年，在費(fèi)城舉行聯(lián)邦會(huì)議，會(huì)中華盛頓被推為主席。在獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束之際，軍官們?cè)皠襁M(jìn)”華盛頓，擁戴他“王袍加身”。華盛頓拒絕并加申斥，他的舉動(dòng)，使美國(guó)避過(guò)了君主制和軍國(guó)制。1789年，華盛頓當(dāng)選為第一任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。

由此可見(jiàn)，美國(guó)民主選舉文化的歷史起源是與其獨(dú)特的歷史背景和地理?xiàng)l件息息相關(guān)的。在脫離英國(guó)統(tǒng)治的獨(dú)立斗爭(zhēng)中，美國(guó)人逐漸形成了“不自由，毋寧死”的民主文化觀念。華盛頓拒絕君主專制，除他本人高風(fēng)亮節(jié)外，也是民主選舉文化的發(fā)展使然：18世紀(jì)后期的北美，君主專制在廣大民眾中已不得人心。

美國(guó)選舉文化的發(fā)展

美國(guó)發(fā)展的歷史背景、公民成份的組成和政治體制的特殊性，使得美國(guó)民主選舉文化的發(fā)展十分復(fù)雜和曲折。美國(guó)誕生于與英國(guó)決裂的過(guò)程中，國(guó)家機(jī)制的創(chuàng)建和公民群體的創(chuàng)建同時(shí)進(jìn)行，民主選舉文化的建立不僅深受英國(guó)文化的影響，而且與公民資格本身的界定也有密切的關(guān)系。雖然美國(guó)宣示的立國(guó)原則是自由與平等，但其民主選舉權(quán)力從一開(kāi)始就帶有鮮明的排斥性。

美國(guó)民主選舉文化的再一次重要轉(zhuǎn)變開(kāi)始于二十世紀(jì)二十年代。1920年，第19條憲法修正案使婦女獲得了選舉權(quán)。1965年，聯(lián)邦政府又積極干預(yù)，通過(guò)新的憲法修正案和選舉權(quán)法，幫助南部黑人重新獲得了選舉權(quán)。

可見(jiàn)，美國(guó)的民主選舉文化是在曲折中不斷發(fā)展的。民主選舉權(quán)力的擴(kuò)大，使得美國(guó)民主選舉文化更加具有包容性。在本次美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉中，奧巴馬成為了美國(guó)第一位黑人總統(tǒng)，更是體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)民主選舉文化的不斷進(jìn)步。

美國(guó)選舉文化與選舉制度的關(guān)系

美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)選舉制度是西方所有民主政體中，耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)、最為獨(dú)特的一個(gè)選舉制度。美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)大選一般分三個(gè)階段，第一個(gè)階段是從大選年的每年2月開(kāi)始初選，然后在初選之后，要經(jīng)歷美國(guó)兩個(gè)主要政黨，民主和共和兩個(gè)政黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)對(duì)黨內(nèi)的候選人進(jìn)行正式提名，然后在全國(guó)代表大會(huì)結(jié)束之后，才開(kāi)始有兩黨的主要候選人，進(jìn)行正式的全國(guó)大選，所以整個(gè)美國(guó)大選年的總統(tǒng)大選耗時(shí)10個(gè)月，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)長(zhǎng)于德國(guó)、法國(guó)、意大利、英國(guó)等西方國(guó)家。這些國(guó)家的平均政府首腦的大選的時(shí)間大概是在四到六個(gè)星期左右，而美國(guó)卻要十個(gè)月。在今年的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉中，奧巴馬就曾經(jīng)到美國(guó)各地進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的巡回演說(shuō)。

盡管有部分美國(guó)民眾抱怨現(xiàn)有的總統(tǒng)選舉制度耗時(shí)太長(zhǎng)，過(guò)于繁瑣，要求將總統(tǒng)選舉方式加以改進(jìn)、縮短，但大部分美國(guó)人對(duì)民主自由受到損害的擔(dān)憂遠(yuǎn)甚于對(duì)大選耗時(shí)過(guò)長(zhǎng)的擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)樵谒麄兛磥?lái)，在考慮清楚后做出正確的選擇，維護(hù)好自己的民主自由權(quán)利才是最重要的。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉的較長(zhǎng)耗時(shí)，是美國(guó)選舉文化的一個(gè)獨(dú)特體現(xiàn)。

美國(guó)選舉文化與奧巴馬身份的特殊性的關(guān)系

奧巴馬當(dāng)選成為美國(guó)歷史上第一位黑人總統(tǒng)，是美國(guó)選舉史上一個(gè)歷史性的時(shí)刻。黑人在美國(guó)社會(huì)上曾長(zhǎng)期受到不公正待遇，1861年至1865年南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后黑奴雖然獲得解放，但美國(guó)黑人在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、就業(yè)、居住等方面仍然受到諸多的歧視與限制，無(wú)法做到與白人真正的平等，仍處于社會(huì)的底層。奧巴馬的當(dāng)選，打破美國(guó)200多年歷史中一直存在的嚴(yán)重的種族偏見(jiàn)，反映美國(guó)民眾的思想正在發(fā)生深刻變化。這個(gè)新局面勢(shì)將對(duì)美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)政治生活產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。奧巴馬獲勝反映了美國(guó)選舉文化的進(jìn)步，標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開(kāi)始。

結(jié)語(yǔ) 我認(rèn)為，導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人選舉出首位黑人擔(dān)任美國(guó)下屆總統(tǒng)，是種族意識(shí)在起作用，不過(guò)這個(gè)種族意識(shí)不再是種族歧視，而是美國(guó)全民族的種族融合意識(shí)。

持這種觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)美國(guó)白人和黑人都認(rèn)為，是時(shí)候顯示美國(guó)真正進(jìn)步到種族平等時(shí)代了。奧巴馬不僅贏得了絕大多數(shù)有色人種的選票，也贏得了原本是共和黨天下的中部保守白人選票，這表明相當(dāng)數(shù)量的白人選民接受了美國(guó)種族融合的共同價(jià)值觀。奧巴馬的當(dāng)選，對(duì)美國(guó)選舉文化的發(fā)展有著重大意義。

參考文獻(xiàn)：科學(xué)文化教育網(wǎng)