第一篇:形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則
形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則: 1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”,如quick---quickly 2.以“y”結(jié)尾的,先將“y”改成“i”,再加“l(fā)y”,如happy---happily 少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly。例如:true-truly等。
但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“輔y”改i加,“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。
分別舉例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 將y改為i后加ly easy-easily happy-happily heavy-heavily 單音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 直接加ly gay-gayly(gaily)
sly-slyly(slily)以ve結(jié)尾的詞 去e加ly true-truly 以le結(jié)尾的詞 去e加y gentle-gently
possible-possibly 其他以e結(jié)尾的詞 一律加ly nice-nicely wise-wisely polite-politely 以ll結(jié)尾的詞 只加y full-fully 以ic結(jié)尾的詞 加ally automatic-automatically energetic-energetically 其他形容詞 均加ly careful-carefully glad-gladly
表示否定的前綴
1.dis-加在名詞、形容詞,動(dòng)詞之前disadvantage(缺點(diǎn))dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容詞,名詞,動(dòng)詞之前 incorrect(不正確的),inability(無能,無力),inaccurate(不準(zhǔn)確的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不禮貌的),impudence(厚顏無恥)
4.il-加在以l開頭的詞前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,無文化的)illogical(不合邏輯的)
5.ir-加在以r開頭的詞前 irregular(不穩(wěn)定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解決的)
6.un-加在名詞,形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(無疑的)unemployment(失業(yè))
7.non-加在形容詞,名詞前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非電的)
8.mis-加在動(dòng)詞、名詞之前 misunderstand(誤解),misjudge(誤判),misleading(誤導(dǎo)),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加在動(dòng)詞之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武裝),disconnect(失去聯(lián)系)
注意:否定前綴不是否定詞,所以它不是否定句。
后綴 1.名詞后綴(1)具有某種職業(yè)或動(dòng)作的人
1)-an,-ain, 表示“……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian, 2)-al, 表示”具有……職務(wù)的人“ principal, 3)-ant,-ent, 表示”……者” merchant, agent, servant, student, 4)-ar, 表示“……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard,-art, 表示”做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(夸張者)
6)-arian, 表示“……派別的人,……主義的人”humanitarian, vegetarian 7)-ary, 表示”從事……的人“ secretary, missionary 8)-ant, 表示”具有……職責(zé)的人“ candidate, graduate 9)-ator, 表示”做……的人“ educator, speculator(投機(jī)者)
10)-crat, 表示”某種政體,主義的支持者“ democrat, bureaucrat 11)-ee, 表示”動(dòng)作承受者“ employee, examinee 12)-eer, 表示”從事于……人“ engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示”從事某種職業(yè)的人, 某地區(qū),地方的人“ banker, observer, Londoner, villager 14)-ese, 表示” ……國(guó)人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese 15)-ess, 表示“陰性人稱名詞,actress, hostess, manageress 16)-eur, 表示”……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表示“…地方人,信仰…教的人,從事…職業(yè)的人”Christian, physician,musician 18)-ician, 表示”精通者,……家,”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表示“……家,…….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist 20)-ic, 表示”……者,……師“ mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表示”愛,指小“ dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)
22)-ier, 表示”從事……職業(yè)” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黃銅匠)23)-ine, ian, 表示“陰性人稱” heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表示“從事……研究者,信仰……主義者” pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist 25)-ive, 表示“動(dòng)作者,行為者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表示”……學(xué)家,研究者“ biologist, geologist(地質(zhì)學(xué)家)27)-or, 表示”……者“ author, doctor, operator,28)-ster, 表示”做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(賭徒),songster 29)-yer, 表示“ 從事……職業(yè)者” lawyer(2).構(gòu)成,具有抽象名詞的含義
1)-acy, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),境遇“ accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表示”狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果,總稱“ courage, storage, marriage 3)-al,a)表示”事物的動(dòng)作,過程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval b)表示具體的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance,-ence表示“性質(zhì),狀況,行為,過程,總量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy,-ency, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài),行為,過程“ frequency, urgency, efficiency, 6)-bility, 表示”動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ possibility, feasibility,7)-craft, 表示”工藝,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治國(guó)策)
8)-cracy, 表示“統(tǒng)治,支配” bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),職位,級(jí)別” bankruptcy(破產(chǎn)),supremacy 10)-dom, 表示“等級(jí),領(lǐng)域,狀態(tài)” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery,-ry, 表示“行為,狀態(tài),習(xí)性” bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)-ety, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” variety, dubiety(懷疑)
13)-faction,-facture, 表示”作成,……化,作用“ satisfaction, manufacture 14)-hood, 表示”資格,身份, 年紀(jì),狀態(tài)“ childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)-ice, 表示”行為,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)“ notice, justice, service 16)-ine, 表示”帶有抽象概念“ medicine, discipline, famine 17)-ing, 表示”動(dòng)作的過程,結(jié)果“ building, writing, learning
18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, 表示”行為的過程,結(jié)果,狀況“ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-ise, 表示”性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” exercise, merchandise(商業(yè))
20)-ism, 表示“制度,主義,學(xué)說,信仰,行為” socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 21)-ity, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 22)-ment, 表示”行為,狀態(tài),過程,手段及其結(jié)果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表示“動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,狀態(tài)” ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 25)-or,-our, 表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)” favor, error, 26)-osity, 表示“動(dòng)作,狀態(tài)” curiosity
27)-ship, 表示”情況,性質(zhì),技巧,技能及身份,職業(yè)” hardship, membership, friendship 28)-th, 表示“動(dòng)作,性質(zhì),過程,狀態(tài)” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 29)-tude, 表示“性質(zhì),狀態(tài),程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表示“行為,結(jié)果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手續(xù)),31)-y, 表示“行為的結(jié)果,狀態(tài),性質(zhì)” glory, history, victory, inquiry(3)帶有場(chǎng)所,地方的含義
1)-age, 表示”住所,地點(diǎn)“ village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示”住所,場(chǎng)地“ library, granary(谷倉)
3)-ery, ry, 表示”工作場(chǎng)所,飼養(yǎng)所,地點(diǎn)“ laundry, nursery, surgery(手術(shù)室)4)-ory, 表示”工作場(chǎng)所,住處“ factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory(4)帶有學(xué)術(shù),科技含義
1)-grapy, 表示”……學(xué),寫法” biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, ics, 表示“……學(xué)……法” logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)-ology, 表示“……學(xué)……論”biology, zoology, technology(工藝學(xué))4)-nomy, 表示”……學(xué)……術(shù)“ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生態(tài)學(xué))5)-ery, 表示”學(xué)科,技術(shù)“ chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)-y, 表示”……學(xué),術(shù),法” photography, philosophy(5)表示人和事物的總和,集合含義
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新聞界)3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood 4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(內(nèi)閣)5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6)表示物品和物質(zhì)名稱的含義
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant 2)-al, signal, pictorial(畫報(bào))3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)
4)-er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker 5)-ery, drapery(綢緞)6)-ing, clothing, matting,7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment(7)表示“細(xì)小”的含義
1)-cle, particle,2)-cule, molecule(分子)3)-el, parcel 4)-en, chicken, maiden 5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta,-ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)7)-kin, napkin)-ling, duckling, 9)-let, booklet 10)-y, baby, doggy 2.形容詞后綴
(1)帶有“屬性,傾向,相關(guān)”的含義
1)-able,-ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible 2)-al, natural, additional, educational 3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant,-ent, distant, important, excellent 5)-ar, similar, popular, regular 6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice,-atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical, 8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine 9)-ing, moving, touching, daring 10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish 11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive 12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il,-ile,-eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)(2)表示“相象,類似”的含義
1)-ish, boyish, childish)-esque, picturesque)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)-some, troublesome, handsome 6)-y, milky, pasty
(3)表示“充分的”含義
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 3)-ent, violent,(4)表示由某種物質(zhì)形成,制成或生產(chǎn)的含義 1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen 2)-ous, gaseous 3)-fic, scientific
(5)表示方向的含義
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward(6)表示“倍數(shù)”的含義
1)-ble, double, treble 2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold(7)表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義 1)-teen, thirteen 2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(8)表示國(guó)籍,語種,宗教的含義
1)-an, Roman, European 2)-ese, Chinese,3)-ish, English, Spanish(9)表示“比較程度”的含義
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish 3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(10)其他的含義-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3.動(dòng)詞后綴
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,變成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2)-en, 表示”使成為,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示”使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成為……,處理,作用” separate, operate, indicate 4.副詞后綴
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward,-wards, downward, inwards, upward 3)-ways, always, sideways 4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
第二篇:形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則
形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則:
一、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;
hopeful-hopefully;
slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly polite-politely, wide-widely
二、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily
noisy----noisily
;healthy----healthily
naughty, pretty ,thirsty ,lazy,三、以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加-y:如:
true-truly;
四、以le 結(jié)尾的形容詞,去e 加y 變成副詞: terrible-terribly;;probable—probably;
gentle-gently
possible-possibly
;
responsible—responsibly comfortable----comfortably
gentle----gently
simple----simply capable有能力的simple簡(jiǎn)單的 gentle溫柔enjoyable 快樂的
fashionable 時(shí)髦的 enjoyable 快樂的 comfortable 舒服的,舒適的
lovable 可愛的 washable 可洗的,耐洗的 suitable 適當(dāng)?shù)?相 1
配的
lovable 可愛的suitable 適當(dāng)?shù)?相配的
五、另外,副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)注意:
1.多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 將y改為i后加ly
easy-easily
happy-happily
heavy-heavily 2.單音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的詞 直接加ly
gay-gayly(gaily);
sly-slyly(slily)3.以ll結(jié)尾的詞 只加y full-fully 4.以ic結(jié)尾的詞 加ally
automatic-automatically ;energetic-energetically 5.其他形容詞 均加ly
careful-carefully ;glad-gladly 6.本身既是形容詞也是副詞,無需改變
fast----fast
early----early
high----high
hard----hard
late----late far----far
wide----wide
alone----alone、7.雖然以ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞,不能直接用來修飾動(dòng)詞 friendly
lively
lovely
lonely
likely 8.有些形容詞本身即為副詞,同時(shí)也有加ly的副詞形式。但加不加ly意思不一樣,使用時(shí)需注意
wide(形容詞,寬闊的,睜大的)----wide(副詞,睜大地)/widely(副詞,廣泛地)high(形容詞,高的)----high(副詞,高地)/highly(副詞,高度地)hard副詞容易寫成hardly, hardly意思為“幾乎不”,與hard無任何關(guān)系
9..形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“輔y”改i加,“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。
分別舉例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.
第三篇:以e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞
e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞 形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣: 一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“輔y”改i加,“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。
具體規(guī)則如下:
1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”,如: quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;imediate-immediately;recent-recently 2.少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly。如:
絕大多數(shù)輔音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ly。如:
polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-wisely;nice-nicely
3.以“y”結(jié)尾的,且讀音為 / i /,先將“y”改成“i”,再加“l(fā)y”,如:
happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 但是如果讀音為 / ai /,直接加ly,如:
4.以ic 結(jié)尾的詞,加ally,如: economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是public-publicly 例外。5.以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí),去e加y,如:
simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly gentle-gently;possible-possibly;
incredible-incredibly impossible-impossibly 元音字母加le時(shí)加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例 外。
6.以-ll結(jié)尾時(shí),只須加 –y,如:dull-dully;shrill-shrilly 需注意: 有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如:
friendly people;motherly care;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;a manly sport
第四篇:形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則
形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則:
①一般直接加,“ue”去e加,“輔y”改i加,“l(fā)”結(jié)尾照樣加(ly)。
②“l(fā)l”結(jié)尾,只加y,“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。
分別舉例:
wise—wisely true—truly,happy—happily,real—really;helpful--helpfully full—fully possible—possibly.1.一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”,如quick---quickly,wise-wisely,polite-politely,nice-nicely ,glad-gladly, 形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,其變化有規(guī)律可循,請(qǐng)記住以下口訣:
另外:
一、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;hopeful-hopefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly
二、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞,如果讀/i/要變y為i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily ,happy-happily, hungry-hungrily,如果讀/ai/就直接加ly
如 shy-shyly dry-dryly sly-slyly
三、某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e如le結(jié)尾先去掉e,然后再加-y和以
-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,-ly。如元音字母加ly時(shí)直接加ly如sole-solely如: terrible-terribly;true-truly;simple, terrible, incredible, probable,gentle-gently
另外,副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)
此外,部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:part-partly。
例句: It is partly her fault.有部分是她的錯(cuò)。
需注意: friendly;motherly;lovely等詞是形容詞而非副詞。
再看轉(zhuǎn)化副詞。在英語中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud等。由于這類詞詞性雖不同,但詞形卻一樣,這就需要大家學(xué)會(huì)在特定語境中判斷它們各自的詞性。例句:Thank you very much.(adv.)多謝。There is much water in the river.(adj.)河里有很多水。The music is too loud.Please turn it down.(adj.)音樂聲太大,請(qǐng)調(diào)低點(diǎn)。He speaks loud enough.So everyone in the room can hear what he said.(adv.)
他說話的聲音很大,所以房間里每個(gè)人都能聽到他的話。
另外,還有一類副詞和形容詞詞義相同,但拼寫卻不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English.他講一口流利的英語。He speaks english well.現(xiàn)在分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成,這是規(guī)則的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。如work-working。但在下列情況下,拼寫應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化:1,以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,須去掉e再加-ing,如come-coming,write
-writing。但當(dāng)將-e去掉會(huì)引起發(fā)音變化時(shí),最后的-e就應(yīng)保留,如agree-agreeing,see-seeing。另外,-e為元音時(shí),-e應(yīng)保留,如canoe-canoeing。2,動(dòng)詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞,或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),這個(gè)輔音字母須雙寫,再加-ing,如sit-sitting,run-running;begin-beginning,foget-fogetting。3,少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,須變-ie為y,再加-ing,如die-dying,tie-tying,lie-lying。
動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去
式和過去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成,如work-worked。在以e結(jié)尾 的動(dòng)詞后加-d,如hope-h(huán)oped,agree-agreed。在以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后先將y變?yōu)閕后再加-ed,如carry-carried,study-studied。以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母式,須雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed,如clap-clapped,plan-planned,admit-admitted。少數(shù)雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,盡管重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié),仍雙寫末尾的輔音字母,然后再加-ed(現(xiàn)在分詞亦如此)。如
travel-travelled,program-programmed。
英語動(dòng)詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加ed構(gòu)成,而不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化因
詞而異。
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表
A---A---A型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞同形)
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式)過去式 過去分詞
cost cost cost 花費(fèi)
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 讓
put put put 放下
read read read 讀
hurt hurt hurt 傷
2.A---A---B型(現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形)
beat beat beaten 打
3.A---B---A型(現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形)
come came come 來
become became become 變
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome征服,打敗,克服
4.A---B---B型
(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
burn burnt burnt 燃燒
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 學(xué)習(xí)
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 聽見
(2)把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借給
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花費(fèi)
(3)
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 說
(4)
bring brought brought 帶來
buy bought bought 買
fight fought fought 戰(zhàn)斗
think thought thought 想
(5)
sleep slept slept 睡
feel felt felt 覺得
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 掃
(6)
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
(7)
win won won 得勝
(8)
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
(9)
find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn)
get got got 得到
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 離開
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇見
shoot shot shot 射擊
dig dug dug 挖
(10)
shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,聞
shine shone/shined shone/shined 發(fā)光
(11)
tell told told 告訴
sell sold sold 賣
(12)
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
5.A---B---C型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同)
(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 給
freeze froze frozen 凍結(jié)
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看見
write wrote written 寫
ride rode ridden 騎
drive drove driven 駕駛
throw threw thrown 拋,扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生長(zhǎng)
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飛
draw drew drawn 拉,繪畫
show showed shown 展示
(2)過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。
speak spoke spoken 說話
break broke broken 破碎,折斷
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 選擇
forget forgot forgotten 忘記
(3)變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”(過去式)和“u”(過去分詞)。
begin began begun 開始
ring rang rung 按鈴
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 飲
(4)其他不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。
be(am, is)was/ were been 是
be(are)were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿
第五篇:英語中形容詞變副詞的方法
.英語中形容詞變副詞的方法
一、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。
如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;quick-quickly;
二、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily
三、以e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞時(shí),一般有以下三種情況:
1.一般情況下,直接在后面加ly,如:completely,strangely等;
2.以-ble結(jié)尾的形容詞,將-ble變成bly.如:possibly,probably等; 3.去掉e,加ly的情況極少數(shù),truly是比較常見的。
口訣:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“輔y”改i加,“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y。分別舉例如下: quick—quickly, true—truly, happy—happily, possible—possibly.注意:
一、不是所有的形容詞都可以這樣變成副詞,例如:
hard a.硬的, 堅(jiān)固的,(問題, 工作等)困難的, 艱苦的, 猛烈的, 確實(shí)的 adv.努力地, 辛苦地, 堅(jiān)硬地, 牢固地, 接近地, 猛烈地
hardly adv.剛剛, 幾乎不 也就是說hardly不是hard 的副詞形式。friendly;motherly;lovely等詞是形容詞而非副詞
二、英語中有很多詞既是形容詞也是副詞
low a.低的, 淺的, 消沉的, 微弱的, 粗俗的, 卑賤的, 體質(zhì)弱的 adv.低下地, 謙卑地, 低聲地, 低價(jià)地
三、副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a-得來,如:loud(adj.)-aloud(adv.)部分名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:part-partly。
4.5 副詞及其基本用法
副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、副詞的位置: 1)在動(dòng)詞之前。
2)在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。3)多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。注意:
a.大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長(zhǎng),副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.二、副詞的排列順序:
1)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2)方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly and carefully.3)多個(gè)不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))I very like English.(對(duì))I like English very much.注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.初中英語語法專題講座——副詞
【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】
和形容詞一樣,副詞在句中也屬于修飾范疇。形容詞主要修飾名詞,而副詞則主要用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句,以表示程度、方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及對(duì)話語的態(tài)度等。例如: ①.修飾動(dòng)詞的詞語就是副詞,如beat it heavily中的“heavily”就是副詞,修飾“beat”,狠狠地打擊。
②.還有的副詞是修飾形容詞的,常常表示程度。如extremely beautiful中的“extremely”修飾形容詞“beautiful”,“極其漂亮的”
③.還有的副詞本身修飾副詞,和修飾形容詞類似。He plays football very well.④.較特殊情況的副詞可以放在句首,表一種伴隨狀態(tài)。例如:“Fortunately,I managed it in time“中的fortunately。幸運(yùn)的,我最后及時(shí)的完成了(那件事情)。
1.副詞的構(gòu)成:
從形態(tài)上看,大多數(shù)副詞都是由“形容詞+后綴-ly”構(gòu)成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。形容詞變副詞:
①.在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly。如:real-really;helpful-helpfully;careful-carefully;slow-slowly;quick-quickly;quiet-quietly ②.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily ③.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gently 注意: friendly;motherly;lovely,weekly,lively等詞是形容詞而非副詞。④.英語中還有少數(shù)與形容詞同形的副詞,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。請(qǐng)比較它們的詞義和用法: the high jump 跳高項(xiàng)目(形容詞)to jump high 跳得高(副詞)a fast car 行得快的汽車(形容詞)to drive fast 開快車(副詞)an early riser 早起的人(形容詞)to get up early 起得早(副詞)a straight line直線(形容詞)Go straight ahead.一直朝前走。(副詞)注意:兼有兩種形式的副詞 ①.late 與lately:
late意思是”晚“; lately 意思是”最近“。例如:You have come too late.What have you been doing lately? ②.deep與deeply:
deep意思是”深“,表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,”深深地“。例如:He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.③.high與highly:
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much。例如:The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.④.wide與widely:
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是”廣泛地“,”在許多地方"。例如:He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.2.副詞的位置:
①.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),通??梢苑旁诰涫?、句中或句末。如:Usually I do my homework in the evening.(句首)通常我晚上做家庭作業(yè)。I often get up at six.(句中)我常在6點(diǎn)起床。Please speak slowly.(句末)請(qǐng)慢慢說。注意:頻度副詞通常置于系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。例如: Mary is always late for the meeting.瑪麗開會(huì)老是遲到。We must always remember our friends.我們必須牢記我們的朋友。
I have never been to London.我從未去過倫敦。My mother often does morning exercises in the morning.我媽媽經(jīng)常在早上做早操。
②.副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常放在形容詞或副詞的前面,但也有例外。如:These flowers are quite beautiful.(在形容詞前)這些花相當(dāng)漂亮。He works very hard.(在副詞前)他工作很努力。She is old enough to go to school.(在形容詞后)她已到了上學(xué)的年齡。注意:
A.副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。例如:(錯(cuò))I very like English.(對(duì))I like English very much.B.副詞enough應(yīng)放在所修飾的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如:The boy is old enough to go to school.這個(gè)男孩到上學(xué)的年齡了。I know him well enough.我非常了解他。
He didn't get up early enough to catch the early bus.他起床不夠早,沒有趕上早班車。C.注意順序: quite/rather a good player=a very good player.一個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的球員。③.按一般規(guī)則,如果有幾個(gè)時(shí)間狀語,單位大的應(yīng)放在單位小的后面。如:The film will begin at seven o’clock this evening.電影今晚7點(diǎn)開演。I was born at two o’clock on the morning of May15.④.按一般規(guī)則, 既有地點(diǎn)狀語又有時(shí)間狀語時(shí),地點(diǎn)狀語應(yīng)放在時(shí)間狀語之前。如:We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.我們昨天下午在教室開了一個(gè)會(huì)。He watched TV at home last night.他昨晚在家看電視。
3.副詞的基本用法:
副詞在句中主要用作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或句子。⑴ 修飾動(dòng)詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式、頻度等。一般位于動(dòng)詞之后,如果動(dòng)詞有賓語,則要位于賓語之后。頻度副詞常位于助動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞be 之后或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞之前。例如:He arrived only yesterday.他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor.地板上到處都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day.我一整天都非常為你擔(dān)心。She plays the piano very well.她鋼琴彈得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money.那個(gè)男孩老是向他父母要錢。She never goes to the cinema.她向來不看電影。
⑵ 修飾形容詞、副詞、介詞短語,一般前置,只有enough例外,需要后置。例如:She seems quite happy.她看上去相當(dāng)愉快。You’ve done rather badly in the test.你考得夠糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces.風(fēng)迎面吹來。This girl is not old enough to go to school.這個(gè)女孩還沒有到上學(xué)的年齡。He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不夠快,沒有趕上火車。
⑶ 用作表語,多為與介詞同形的副詞和表示方位的副詞。例如:Is anybody in? 里面有人嗎?有人在家嗎?Father is away.父親離家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs.我住樓下,我哥哥住樓上。My friend is still abroad.我的朋友還在國(guó)外。
⑷ 少數(shù)表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的副詞還可用作定語,一般位于名詞之后。例如:I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.希望你在這里過得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home.在我回家的路上,我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你覺得昨天的會(huì)開得怎樣?
⑸ 副詞的比較等級(jí)用法與形容詞一樣,請(qǐng)參見《初中英語語法專題講座——形容詞》有關(guān)內(nèi)容。