第一篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)會(huì)議紀(jì)要

Meeting Minutes 一．Brief Introduction: Minutes are written as an accurate record of a group's meetings, and a record decision taken.They are useful because people can forget what was decided at a meeting if there is no written record of the proceedings.Minutes can also inform people who were not at the meeting about what took place.Before each meeting an agenda should be drawn up, detailing the matters to be discussed at the meeting.A set of minutes should normally include the following information: ·Name and topic of the meeting ·Time, date and place of meeting;·Chair/Host/Owner of the meeting ·List of people attending;·List of absent members of the group;·For each item in the agenda, a record of the principal points discussed and decisions taken;·Task List ·Whom will perform the tasks ·Deadlines ·Time, date and place of next meeting ·Name of person taking the minutes / Minutes Taker ·Topic for Discussion ·Voting Results ·Resolutions

二． 8 Tips for meeting minutes writing

會(huì)議紀(jì)要的8建議

1.根據(jù)會(huì)議議程表制定會(huì)議紀(jì)要大綱，并根據(jù)議題的討論順序做記錄。

2.在會(huì)議前向每位小組成員分發(fā)會(huì)議議程表，使每位成員都能對(duì)會(huì)議有所準(zhǔn)備。3.使用公司的固定格式。

4.提前根據(jù)議程表制定大綱，并預(yù)留足夠空間做筆記。當(dāng)一個(gè)議題記錄完畢，你可以迅速跳至下一個(gè)新議題。

5.會(huì)議紀(jì)要應(yīng)盡量簡(jiǎn)短扼要。不要過(guò)于繁瑣。如果你想記下會(huì)議中的每句話，你可以考慮對(duì)會(huì)議錄音，并在會(huì)后使你的會(huì)議紀(jì)要更詳盡。

6.為了確保能準(zhǔn)確記錄各位與會(huì)者的發(fā)言，應(yīng)事先編寫(xiě)一份座位表并請(qǐng)不熟悉的與會(huì)者做自我介紹。

7.應(yīng)在會(huì)后當(dāng)你的記憶還清晰的時(shí)候，盡快編寫(xiě)會(huì)議紀(jì)要。在會(huì)議紀(jì)要分發(fā)給每位成員前，確保會(huì)議主席已批閱。

8.切忌，會(huì)議紀(jì)要只需記錄會(huì)議中的重要議程。過(guò)于繁瑣的信息應(yīng)排除在會(huì)議紀(jì)要外。

當(dāng)你在編寫(xiě)會(huì)議紀(jì)要時(shí)，如果能遵照以上這些簡(jiǎn)單的建議，英語(yǔ)會(huì)議中的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容將被很容易地記錄下來(lái)

三．Especially in language ·formal tone of voice;·Generally passive verb;

·Wording maximize the use of commonly used words.·A In terms of the language, the language with the more formal, more emerged is more formal.Such as: so-so(satisfactory)B.Avoid abbreviations：Corp(Corporation)

C.Avoid using the person terms: our idea(the company’s proposal)

D.passive voice

Sample 1：

Agenda for the meeting of a board of directors

XYZ COMPANY Meeting of the Board of Directors to be held On Wednesday, April 3, 2009 at 10: 15 A.M.in The Company Boardroom.AGENDA 1.Apologies for absence.2.Minutes of the meeting held on March 2, 2009.3.Points arising from minutes as read.4.Report by the Chairman(a copy of the report is attached to this agenda).5.Resolution.6.Date of next meeting.7.To transact any other business that may come before the meeting.董事會(huì)會(huì)議議程

XYZ公司

事會(huì)會(huì)議將于2009年4月3日星期三早上10:15在公司會(huì)議室舉行

議程

1．缺席說(shuō)明。

2.2.2009年3月2日會(huì)議的紀(jì)要。3．以上紀(jì)要所產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題。

4．主席報(bào)告（本議程后附有報(bào)一份）。5．提議。

6．定下次會(huì)議日期。

7．處理下次會(huì)議之前的任何問(wèn)題。

四．Glossary of terms used in meetings: advisory committee, consultative committee 顧問(wèn)委員會(huì),咨詢(xún)委員會(huì) advisory opinion 顧問(wèn)意見(jiàn) adjourn 延會(huì) agenda 議程

alternate, substitute 副代表

Am I in order? 咱這樣做符合議程規(guī)定嗎? amendment 修正 appointment 任命 assembly 大會(huì) auditor 審計(jì)員 ballot 選票 banquet 酒宴

board of directors 董事會(huì) box supper 慈善餐會(huì)

budget committee 預(yù)算委員會(huì) buffet party 立食宴會(huì)

call to order 要求遵守秩序 casting vote 決定票 chairman 主席 clarification 澄清

closing speech 閉幕詞 closure 閉幕式

cocktail party 雞尾酒會(huì)

commemorative party 紀(jì)念宴會(huì) comment 評(píng)論

committee of experts 專(zhuān)家委員會(huì) committee, commission 委員會(huì) congress 代表大會(huì) consensus 意見(jiàn)

constitution, statutes 章程 consultant 顧問(wèn) convention 會(huì)議

dance(party), ball, fandango 舞會(huì) deadlock 僵局 decision 決定

declaration, statement 聲明

deputy director general 副局長(zhǎng),副處長(zhǎng) dinner party 晚餐會(huì)

director general 局長(zhǎng),處長(zhǎng) draft resolution 決議草案,提案 drafting committee 起草委員會(huì)

executive council, executive board 執(zhí)行委員會(huì) executive secretary 執(zhí)行秘書(shū) factual report 事實(shí)報(bào)告 fancy ball 化妝舞會(huì) fancy fair 義賣(mài)場(chǎng) farewell party 惜別會(huì) final sitting 閉幕會(huì)

first draft, preliminary draft 草案初稿

former chairman 前主席(美作:past chairman)full powers 全權(quán)

full-fledged member 全權(quán)代表 garden party 游園會(huì)

general committee, general officers, general bureau 總務(wù)委員會(huì) general debate 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的討論 governing body 主管團(tuán)體 hall 大會(huì)

head of delegation 代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng) honorary president 名譽(yù)主席 interim chairman 臨時(shí)主席 item on the agenda 議程項(xiàng)目 lie on the table 擱置 life member 終身成員

meeting in camera 秘密會(huì)議(美作:executive session)member as of right 法定代表 member 成員

membership 成員資格 memorandum 備忘錄 minutes, record 記錄 motivations 表明動(dòng)機(jī) motion 提議

notice board 布告牌 observer 觀察員 office 職務(wù) officials 官員

opening sitting 開(kāi)幕會(huì) opening 開(kāi)幕

operative part 生效部分 other business 其他事項(xiàng)

permanent delegate 常駐代表 plenary meeting 全會(huì) precis writer 記錄(員)presidency, chairmanship, chair 主席團(tuán) procedure 程序 proposal 建議 proxy 代理人

public gallery 旁聽(tīng)席 quorum 法定人數(shù) rapporteur 文書(shū),秘書(shū) reading party 讀書(shū)會(huì)

receivability 可以接受,可接納 report 報(bào)告

representative 代表 五． Functional Expressions: 會(huì)議是現(xiàn)代商務(wù)中的重要一部分。它可以集思廣益、將公司的智慧集中起來(lái)。作為一名會(huì)議主持人，該怎樣做才能保證會(huì)議順利進(jìn)行呢？首先語(yǔ)言使用必須恰到好處。下面是一些主持會(huì)議的常用表達(dá)： ● 宣布會(huì)議開(kāi)始

(1)Let’s call the meeting to order.(2)Let’s get things under way.(3)Let’s get things started.(4)Shall we begin? 如果與會(huì)者中有公司以外的人，可以這樣說(shuō)：Well，ladies and gentlemen，I think we should begin.也可以采用半正式的說(shuō)法：

(1)Perhaps we’d better get started / down to business.(2)All right, I think it’s about time we get started / going.(3)Right then, I think we should begin.較口語(yǔ)化的說(shuō)法有：

(l)Let’s begin /get going, shall we?(2)Shall we start? ●揭示討論要點(diǎn)

(1)Let me bring your attention to(what I see as)the main issues.(2)Let’s focus on the main issues.(3)Let me tell you what I believe to be the main issues.(4)Allow me to set out the main issues for you.●請(qǐng)專(zhuān)人發(fā)言

(1)To address this issue, I’d like to call on…(2)To discuss this matter, I’d like to call on…(3)To shed some light on this, I’d like to call on…(4)To provide us with more detail, I’d like to call on…

以下為可供參考的表達(dá)法，注意每種表達(dá)法的正式程度：(1)發(fā)表意見(jiàn)：

It seems to me that…（較為正式）在我看來(lái)，似乎?? I think…（較為非正式）我認(rèn)為??

In my opinion.*.（非正式）我的意見(jiàn)是??(2)提出新的看法：

I’d like to suggest that we.*.（較為正式）我想建議我們?? Let’s?（較為非正式）讓我們??

Why don’t we?？（非正式）為什么我們不??？(3)不同意剛才的意見(jiàn)： I’m sorry，but I just can’t agree with you there.（較為正式）對(duì)不起，但我不同意你那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)?? J disagree.（較為非正式）我不同意?? No，because..（非正式）不對(duì)，因?yàn)??(4)詢(xún)問(wèn)意見(jiàn)：

How do you feel about that idea?（較為正式）你對(duì)那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有何看法？ What do you think?（非正式）你怎么想的？

How do you feel about that?（較為非正式）你對(duì)此有什么感受？(5)同意剛才的意見(jiàn)：

I’d go along with you there.（較為正式）我同意你那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。I agree.（較為非正式）我同意。Sure.（非正式）當(dāng)然是那樣。(6)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)議程：

I suggest we move on to the next item?

（較為正式）我提議我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)議：程?? Let’s move on…（較為非正式）讓我們接下來(lái)??

Moving on to point two…（非正式）來(lái)看第二個(gè)觀點(diǎn)?? 7)不理解剛才的觀點(diǎn)：

Sorry, but I don’t quite follow you．（較為正式）對(duì)不起，但我沒(méi)有完全明白你的觀點(diǎn)。Sorry，l don’t understand.（較為非正式）對(duì)不起，我不明白。

Can you explain what you mean exactly?（非正式）你能解釋一下你的確切意思嗎？ 8)要求進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)?/p>

Would you mind telling us a little more about..*？（較為正式）你介意再告訴我們 I’d like to know more about…（較為非正式）我想多了解一些關(guān)于??的情況。Tell us a little more about…（非正式）再告訴我們一些關(guān)于??的情況吧！(9)詢(xún)問(wèn)是否全都同意：

Have we reached an agreement on this?（較為正式）我們對(duì)此達(dá)成共識(shí)了嗎？ Do we all agree?（較為非正式）我們大家都同意了嗎？ Is that OK with everyone?（非正式）大家都覺(jué)得可以嗎？

七． Exercises: 中翻英

董事會(huì)每月例會(huì)紀(jì)要

BZN公司

葦事會(huì)每月例會(huì)紀(jì)要，2009年IO月15日下午1:30在會(huì)議室舉行。出席：柯里蒂納·澤拉（主席）

羅恩·塞迪諾 托馬斯·科爾若 查爾斯·萊溫斯基 艾倫·諾瓦克 尼古拉斯，瑞恩 洛布特·沃格 缺席：麥克爾·菲拉斯

紀(jì)要：

2009年9月14日的會(huì)議紀(jì)要由洛布特·沃格宣讀，并得到通過(guò)。以下是對(duì)2009年8月16日會(huì)議紀(jì)要的補(bǔ)充。關(guān)于得利斯克及其合伙人公司提供管理咨詢(xún)的句子應(yīng)改成“雖然我們準(zhǔn)備接受服務(wù)的描述應(yīng)該只是鰛解釋悖性的，但是如果你們能提供一個(gè)建議，包括第一階的費(fèi)費(fèi)用和第二階段的費(fèi)用，BZN公司將不勝感謝”。

報(bào)告： 托馬斯·科爾若簡(jiǎn)述了他和哈德遜視聽(tīng)設(shè)備制造公司（哈德遜）的執(zhí)行總裁杰伊·茶斐遜的談話內(nèi)容，并表達(dá)了BZN公司對(duì)視聽(tīng)設(shè)備的興趣。在美陡國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)和歐盟其他國(guó)家，在教室使用視聽(tīng)設(shè)備是教育界的趨勢(shì)，并且數(shù)量有了顯著的增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)北美和西歐教育界人士的預(yù)測(cè)，這一趨勢(shì)應(yīng)該會(huì)繼續(xù)。

因?yàn)楣逻d能用很多種方式來(lái)幫助BZN公司開(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)際視聽(tīng)項(xiàng)目，能在英國(guó)和世界其他國(guó)家使用翻譯，科爾若先生建議對(duì)可行性進(jìn)行研究，該建議得到尼古拉斯·瑞恩的贊同，具體建議如下：

a)美國(guó)、加拿大和英國(guó)教育視聽(tīng)市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀及其增長(zhǎng)潛能。b)目前進(jìn)入這塊市場(chǎng)的公司及其市場(chǎng)份額。

c)不同視聽(tīng)設(shè)備的增長(zhǎng)模式及其繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)和變化的潛能。

報(bào)告：

關(guān)于對(duì)收購(gòu)北美和英國(guó)的視聽(tīng)設(shè)備公司的可行性，托馬斯·科爾若進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。（結(jié)果顯示還需要更進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查。

a)選擇能帶給BZN公司最好機(jī)會(huì)的公司，調(diào)查收購(gòu)的可能性。

b)BZN公司選擇的目標(biāo)公司，向所有入詢(xún)問(wèn)出售條件，并向BZN公司報(bào)告。

下次會(huì)議日期：

下次會(huì)議將評(píng)2009年II月12日上午9:30在會(huì)議室舉行，屆時(shí)將對(duì)視聽(tīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的可行性研究的建議進(jìn)行討論。

會(huì)議延遲至下午4：25結(jié)束。

此致

布特·沃格，記錄秘書(shū)

第二篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)邀請(qǐng)函

Letter of Invitation

在一般情況下，邀請(qǐng)有正式與非正式之分。非正式的邀請(qǐng)，通常是以口頭形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)的，書(shū)面形式的只寄給親朋好友或熟識(shí)的工作伙伴。相對(duì)而言，它顯得要隨便一些。正式的邀請(qǐng)，既講究禮儀，又要設(shè)法使被邀請(qǐng)者備忘，故此它多采用書(shū)面的形式，即禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的形式。

一、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的含義

禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函又稱(chēng)禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)信、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)書(shū)，是禮儀活動(dòng)主辦方（單位、團(tuán)體或個(gè)人）邀請(qǐng)有關(guān)人員出席隆重的會(huì)議、典禮，參加某些重大活動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的禮儀性書(shū)面函件。

凡精心安排、精心組織的大型活動(dòng)與儀式，如宴會(huì)、舞會(huì)、紀(jì)念會(huì)、慶祝會(huì)、發(fā)布會(huì)、單位的開(kāi)業(yè)儀式等等，只有采用禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函邀請(qǐng)佳賓，才會(huì)被人視之為與其檔次相稱(chēng)。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函有自己的基本內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)及寫(xiě)法上的一些要求。

二、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的基本內(nèi)容

1.讓客人知道活動(dòng)的“五W”：

1)Who is hosting the event?(誰(shuí)是主辦人？)

不管主辦人是你的公司、某個(gè)個(gè)人或某個(gè)團(tuán)體，務(wù)必把主辦人寫(xiě)出來(lái)。

2)What is the event?(什么活動(dòng)？)

清楚說(shuō)明這個(gè)活動(dòng)的功能——募捐、開(kāi)會(huì)、慶祝新品上市等。如果會(huì)有特別來(lái)賓演講或出席，或是有任何的特別活動(dòng)，也寫(xiě)出來(lái)。提有趣的細(xì)節(jié)，吸引讀者參加。

3)Where is the event?（在哪里舉辦？）

在邀請(qǐng)函中告訴對(duì)方活動(dòng)舉辦的地址。你還可以附上交通指南，但是這部分要與邀請(qǐng)函分開(kāi)，不要寫(xiě)在邀請(qǐng)函上。

4)When is the event?(什么時(shí)候舉辦？)

清楚寫(xiě)出活動(dòng)舉辦的日期與時(shí)間。

5)Why is the event being held and why is the reader being invited?

（為什么舉辦這個(gè)活動(dòng)？為什么邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方？）

說(shuō)明舉辦這個(gè)活動(dòng)的原因——例如展示新產(chǎn)品，或是討論某個(gè)議題。此外，也說(shuō)明為什 么你決定邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方——例如因?yàn)樗侵匾目蛻?，或者因?yàn)樗麑?duì)這個(gè)議題有深入的了解等。

2.說(shuō)明回復(fù)期限和回復(fù)方式

在邀請(qǐng)函的末尾，清楚說(shuō)明回回復(fù)的期限及回復(fù)的方式：郵寄、電子郵件、電話等。邀請(qǐng)函中請(qǐng)對(duì)方回復(fù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用語(yǔ)是RSVP，如“ Please RSVP by phone or email by December lOth.”(請(qǐng)?jiān)?2月1 0日前以電話或電子郵件回復(fù))。RSVP是法語(yǔ)，為“Repondez’s ilvous plait ” 的縮寫(xiě)，相當(dāng)于英文中“請(qǐng)回復(fù)”（please respond)之意。

3.增加親切感

在稱(chēng)呼的部分寫(xiě)出對(duì)方的名字，不要只寫(xiě)Dear Sir or Madam，有可能的話，親自在邀請(qǐng)函上簽名。稱(chēng)呼或結(jié)尾敬辭的部分甚至可以自己手寫(xiě)。

4.提供必要的交通、服裝或其他信息

想想你的客人會(huì)如何前來(lái)參加你的活動(dòng)。如果他們可能需要停車(chē)信息、旅館介紹或其他交通協(xié)助，可以附件的形式附上。

如果你的活動(dòng)有特殊印的著裝要求，記得在邀請(qǐng)函中寫(xiě)出來(lái)。此外，客人可能還會(huì)有其他問(wèn)題，例如可否偕伴參加等。盡量把客人可能想知道的信息提供完整。

三、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的特點(diǎn)

1.禮貌性強(qiáng)。邀請(qǐng)事務(wù)使用邀請(qǐng)函表示禮貌。禮貌性是禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的最顯著的特征和基本原則。這體現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的完全的贊美肯定和固定的禮貌用語(yǔ)的使用上，強(qiáng)調(diào)雙方和諧友好的交往。

2.感情誠(chéng)摯。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是為社交服務(wù)的專(zhuān)門(mén)文書(shū)，這使得它能夠單純地、充分地發(fā)散友好的感情信息，適宜于在特定的禮儀時(shí)機(jī)、場(chǎng)合，向禮儀對(duì)象表達(dá)專(zhuān)門(mén)誠(chéng)摯的感情。

3.語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中常用的一種日常應(yīng)用寫(xiě)作文種，要注意語(yǔ)言的簡(jiǎn)潔明了，看懂就行，文字不要太多太深?yuàn)W。

4.適用面廣。禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函使用于國(guó)際交往以及日常的各種社交活動(dòng)中，而且適用于單位、企業(yè)、個(gè)人，范圍非常廣泛。

四、禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的結(jié)構(gòu)寫(xiě)法

在應(yīng)用寫(xiě)作中禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函是非常重要的，尤其是社會(huì)交際空前廣泛和重要的當(dāng)代社會(huì)，寫(xiě)好它可以說(shuō)至關(guān)重要。對(duì)禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函的寫(xiě)法要注意格式和形式兩個(gè)方面。

首先是結(jié)構(gòu)上寫(xiě)法類(lèi)似公函。一般格式如下：

邀請(qǐng)函

尊敬的________________

您好!

___________單位將于____年____月____日在_________地，舉辦_____________活動(dòng)，特邀您參加，謝謝。

請(qǐng)看例文一：

邀請(qǐng)函

尊敬的×××教授：

我們學(xué)會(huì)決定于××年×月×日在省城××賓館舉辦民間文學(xué)理論報(bào)告會(huì)。恭請(qǐng)您就有關(guān)民間文學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展發(fā)表高見(jiàn)。務(wù)請(qǐng)撥冗出席。

順祝

健康!

××省文學(xué)研究會(huì)

聯(lián)系人：×××

××年×月×日

這是最常見(jiàn)的、標(biāo)題只以文種“邀請(qǐng)函”字樣出現(xiàn)的范例。

五、寫(xiě)禮儀活動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)函要注意的事項(xiàng)

1．“邀請(qǐng)函”三字是完整的文種名稱(chēng)，與公文中的“函”是兩種不同的文種，因此不宜拆開(kāi)寫(xiě)成“關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)出席×X活動(dòng)的函”。

2．被邀請(qǐng)者的姓名應(yīng)寫(xiě)全，不應(yīng)寫(xiě)綽號(hào)或別名。在兩個(gè)姓名之間應(yīng)該寫(xiě)上“暨”或“和”，不用頓號(hào)或逗號(hào)。網(wǎng)上或報(bào)刊上公開(kāi)發(fā)布的邀請(qǐng)函，由于對(duì)象不確定，可省略稱(chēng)呼，或以“敬啟者”統(tǒng)稱(chēng)。

3．嚴(yán)格遵守寫(xiě)作格式，稱(chēng)謂、邀請(qǐng)事由、具體內(nèi)容、活動(dòng)時(shí)間、活動(dòng)地點(diǎn)、相關(guān)事宜、聯(lián)系方式、落款等是必不可少的部分，不能丟漏信息。

4．邀請(qǐng)事項(xiàng)務(wù)必周詳，使邀請(qǐng)對(duì)象可以有準(zhǔn)備而來(lái)，也會(huì)使活動(dòng)舉辦的個(gè)人或單位減少一些意想不到的麻煩。

5．邀請(qǐng)函須提前發(fā)送，使受邀方有足夠的時(shí)問(wèn)對(duì)各種事務(wù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌安排。

Sample 1

Dear Sirs,We are staging an important exhibitionin Shanghai Exhibition Centre from October l to October 7.We would like to invite your corporation to attend.Full details on the Fair will be sent in a week.We look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to attend.Yours faithfully,敬啟者：

我們將于10月1日至7日在上海展覽中心舉辦一次重要的商品展覽。我們邀請(qǐng)貴公司參加。展覽的詳細(xì)資料將于一周內(nèi)發(fā)出。

請(qǐng)盡快回復(fù)我們，并希望您能參加。

敬上

六．Functional Expressions:

Making invitations:

You are cordially invited to the dinner party.We’re having a get-together on our lawn next Saturday

It would give us a great pleasure to have your presence at the meeting

It would be very nice if you and your wife could come and spend the weekend with usGeorge and I would be pleased if you and John would have dinner with us at our home onSunday

We would be delighted if you could find the time to join us for a small party we are having at our office to celebrate the coming newyear.We do hope you can join us

It would be an honor to me if you would accept our invitation

If I don’t hear from you before then, I’ll be expecting you that day

We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your presence

Do say you’ll come

We would be very pleased if you could come

If the date and time suggested above is not convenient to you, please suggest an alternative

Accepting Invitations:

Thank you for your invitation to the launch of...I would be delighted to attend.Thank you for your invitation to Samantha’s wedding.We will be very pleased to attend.Thank you for your invitation to...I am happy to confirm my attendance.I would be delighted to come

I will be very happy to accept your kind invitation

Nothing can prevent me.I’ll be there on time

It is with great pleasure that we shall come to your wedding

Declining invitations:

How regretful to have to turn down your invitation

Please accept my sincere regrets for not being able to join you at your birthday party

We regret that we can’t make it because of a previous engagement

Unfortunately, the pressure of urgent business will not allow me to be present on this

festival occasion

But heavy official duties prevent me from having the pleasure to join theparty.For this I amawfully sorry

七．Exercises:

1.邀請(qǐng)朋友共進(jìn)午餐 Inviting a friend to informal luncheon

Dear [Zhang Ying]:

Will you come to luncheon on [Friday, May the fifth], at [twelve o’clock]?

My niece [Mary] is visiting us and I think you will enjoy meeting her.She is a charming, very pretty girl … and very good company![John and Jane] will be here, and perhaps we can

[give a dance] after luncheon.Do say you’ll come!

Affectionately yours,Li Ming

2.邀請(qǐng)朋友同他們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人一起共進(jìn)晚餐 Inviting friends to supper with the strangersDear [Susan]:

I know you are interested in [oil painting], so I’m sure you’ll be interested in [Mr.and Mrs.Lin dun]!They are coming here to supper [next Sunday night, October the twelfth], and we’d like you and [Walter] to come, too.[Mr.and Mrs.Lin Dun] are that very charming couple we met in [London] last summer.They have a wonderful collection of [oil paintings of various stages];and I understand that Mr.Lin Dun is quite an authority on [oil painting].I’m sure you and Walter will thoroughly enjoy and evening in their company.We’re planning supper at six;that will give us a nice long evening to talk.If I don’t hear from you before then, I’ll be expecting you on the [twelfth]!

Affectionately yours,Li Ming

6.Write an invitation letter.Invite a client, Karen Ellis, to the launch party for your new line of gaming systems.The party will be on Wednesday, June 3rd, 2009, at 6:30 pm.It will be held at your store.She may bring a guest.You would like her to RSVP by May 31st.Guests should bring this invitation letter to the

event.May 15th, 2009

Karen EllisNathan Road

Tsimshatsui, Kowfoon

Hong Kong

Dear Ms.Ellis:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第三篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)總結(jié)

術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯：

1、復(fù)式記賬double-entrybookkeeping2、會(huì)計(jì)循環(huán)accounting cycle3、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表financial statement4、會(huì)計(jì)恒等式accounting equation5、留存收益retainedearning6、凈利潤(rùn)凈損失net income/ net loss7、原始憑證source document8、日記賬（普通特種）general / special journal9、分類(lèi)賬（總明細(xì)）general /subsidiary ledger10、試算平衡表trial balance11、調(diào)整分錄adjusting entries12、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表附注 notes to the financial statements13、權(quán)益融資 equity financing14、債務(wù)融資 debt financing15、financial and security institution 金融和證券機(jī)構(gòu)

16、Accounting Standards For Business Enterprise企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

17、短期償債能力short-term liquidity18、長(zhǎng)期償債能力long-term solvency19、資本結(jié)構(gòu) capital structure20、壞賬準(zhǔn)備 provision for bad debts21、融資租入固定資產(chǎn)fixed assets financed by leasing22、流動(dòng)負(fù)債current liabilities23、construction in progress 在建工程

24、goods in process 在產(chǎn)品

25、deferred tax on debit/credit 遞延稅款/借款款項(xiàng)

26、accounts payable 應(yīng)付賬款

27、notes receivable 應(yīng)收票據(jù)

28、advances from customers 預(yù)收賬款

29、paid-in capital 實(shí)收資本

30、capital reserve資本公積

31、surplus reserve盈余公積

32、undistributed profit未分配利潤(rùn)

33、accrual-based accounting 權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制

34、cash-based accounting 現(xiàn)金收付制

35、先進(jìn)先出法（FIFO）first in first out36、后進(jìn)先出法（LIFO）last in first out37、加權(quán)平均法weighted average38、成本與市價(jià)孰低法（LCM）lower of cost and market39、lower of the carrying amount and recoverable amount 可收回金額與賬面金額孰低

40、成本法 cost method41、權(quán)益法 equity method42、issue a bond at a premium/discount 折價(jià)/溢價(jià)發(fā)行

43、本金 principal44、（債券的）票面價(jià)值face value45、殘值residual value46、累計(jì)折扣 accumulated depreciation47、銷(xiāo)售退回 return of sales48、銷(xiāo)售折讓 sales allowance49、銷(xiāo)售折扣 sales discount50、計(jì)劃成本法 planned costing51、定額成本法 norm costing52、成本差異 cost variance53、營(yíng)業(yè)外支出 non-operating expense54、所得稅 income tax55、投資損失（收益）investment loss（profit）

56、ROA資產(chǎn)收益率

57、ROE投資報(bào)酬率

58、ROI投資收益率

59、P/E ratio 每股市價(jià)/每股盈余

60、M/B value 市場(chǎng)價(jià)值與賬面價(jià)值的比例

61、EPS 每股盈余

62、working capital 營(yíng)運(yùn)資本

63、EBIT息稅前利潤(rùn)

64、capital gains 資本利得

65、market equilibrium 市場(chǎng)均衡

66、CAPM 資本資產(chǎn)定價(jià)模型capital assets pricing model67、capital cost 資本成本

68、貼現(xiàn)率discount rate69、業(yè)務(wù)憑證business document70、過(guò)賬 post71、固定資產(chǎn)減值準(zhǔn)備provision for impairment loss on fixed assets72、系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)system risk73、marketable security 可出售債券

74、共同比報(bào)表 common-size statement75、獨(dú)資 the sole proprietorship

句子與段落翻譯

1、Double-entry accounting is an old universally accepted system for recording accounting data.With double-entry accounting each transaction is recorded in a way that maintains the equality of the basic accounting equation: Assets =liabilities, + OwnersEquity.To summarize, the following are the important features of double entry accounting:

(1)Assets are increased(增加)by debits(借方)and decreased by credits(貸方).(2)Liabilities and owners, equity accounts are increased by credits and decreased by debits.(3)Owners’equity for a corporation include capital stock accounts and the retained earnings account。

(4)Revenues，expenses，and dividends relate to owners’equity through the retained earnings accounts.(5)Expenses and dividends are increased by debits and decreased by credits because owners equity.(6)Revenues are increased by credit and decreased by debits.(7)The difference between total and revenues and total expenses for a period is net income(loss),which increase(decrease)owners equity through retained earnings.復(fù)式記賬法是一種古老而被廣泛接受的會(huì)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)。復(fù)式記賬能確保每項(xiàng)交易的記錄都不影響會(huì)計(jì)基本恒等式的平衡：

資產(chǎn)=負(fù)債+所有者權(quán)益

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，復(fù)式記賬具有以下一些重要特點(diǎn)：

（1）資產(chǎn)增加計(jì)入借方，減少計(jì)入貸方。

（2）負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益賬戶增加計(jì)入貸方，減少計(jì)入借方。

（3）一家公司的所有者權(quán)益包括股票資本賬戶和留存收益賬戶。

（4）收入、費(fèi)用及股利通過(guò)留存收益賬戶與所有者權(quán)益相聯(lián)系。

（5）費(fèi)用和股利增加計(jì)入借方，減少計(jì)入貸方，因?yàn)樗鼈冇绊懰姓邫?quán)益。

（6）收入增加計(jì)入貸方，減少計(jì)入借方。

（7）每期收入總額與費(fèi)用總額之差為凈利潤(rùn)（損失），其透過(guò)留存收益增加（減少）所有者權(quán)益。

2、Depreciation is the process of computing expenses from allocating the cost of plant and equipment（long-term assets）over their expected useful lives in the production of revenues.Adjusting entries for depreciation expenses involve increasing(debiting)depreciation expenses and a subtraction and thus used to record the declining asset balance.The plant and equipment account is not credited for depreciation.折舊是在工廠設(shè)備(長(zhǎng)期資產(chǎn))預(yù)期可創(chuàng)造收入的使用年限內(nèi),對(duì)其成本進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)攤銷(xiāo)的過(guò)程,針對(duì)折舊費(fèi)用的調(diào)整分錄為增加(借記)折舊費(fèi)用,增加(貸記)一個(gè)稱(chēng)為“累計(jì)折舊”的專(zhuān)門(mén)賬戶，累計(jì)折舊屬于資產(chǎn)備抵賬戶，它作為資產(chǎn)的減項(xiàng)用以記錄資產(chǎn)余額的減損，廠場(chǎng)設(shè)備賬戶是不貸記折舊。

3、Financial reports are final products of accounting calculation.They are the written documents summarizing and reflecting the financial position and operating results of an enterprise, including a balance sheet, an income statement, a cash flow statement together with notes to the financial statements, and explanatory statement on financial condition.財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告是會(huì)計(jì)核算的最終產(chǎn)品,是匯總反映企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)狀況和經(jīng)營(yíng)成果的書(shū)面文件,包括資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、利潤(rùn)表、現(xiàn)金流量表以及一些補(bǔ)充表格，報(bào)表附注和有關(guān)財(cái)務(wù)情況的解釋性報(bào)表。

4、An income statement is an accounting statement that reflects the operating results of an enterprise within an accounting period，as well as the distribution.The purpose for preparing the income statement is to provide users within accounting information on the operating results of the business.Functions of the income statement are as follow : to help explain, evaluate andpredict the operating results and profitability of a business ；to help explain，evaluate and predict

solvency；to help the management make operating decision；to evaluate the managements performance.利潤(rùn)表是反映企業(yè)某一會(huì)計(jì)期間,經(jīng)營(yíng)成果及其分配的會(huì)計(jì)報(bào)表.編制利潤(rùn)表的目的是為了向使用者提供有關(guān)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)成果的會(huì)計(jì)信息,利潤(rùn)表的功能包括:幫助解釋、評(píng)價(jià)、預(yù)測(cè)長(zhǎng)期償債能力，幫助管理層進(jìn)行經(jīng)營(yíng)決策，幫助評(píng)價(jià)管理層的業(yè)績(jī)。

5、Notwithstanding its usefulness，the balance sheet has some serious limitations.External users often need to know a company sworth.The balance sheet, however, does not generally reflect the current value of a business.Actually, many assets are reported at historical cost.which is usually less than market value, and other assets are not included in the balance sheet at all, accordingly, the balance sheet numbers are often a very poor reflection of what a company is worth.A related problem with the balance sheet is the instability of the measurement currency.An additional limitation of the balance sheet is that all companies do not classify and report all like items similarly.盡管資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表很有用，但也有一些嚴(yán)重的缺陷，外部使用者經(jīng)常需要知道一家公司的價(jià)值，但是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表一般并不反映企業(yè)的當(dāng)前價(jià)值，實(shí)際上，許多資產(chǎn)通常是按低于市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的歷史成本報(bào)告的，而另一些資產(chǎn)甚至都沒(méi)有包括在表內(nèi)，因此，通常資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表數(shù)字幾乎不反映公司的價(jià)值。與資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表相關(guān)的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是計(jì)價(jià)貨幣的不穩(wěn)定性。另一個(gè)缺陷是沒(méi)有做到所有公司對(duì)于相似的項(xiàng)目都采用類(lèi)似的方法進(jìn)行分類(lèi)和報(bào)告。

6、Based on the information from financial statement，we can calculate many financial ratios to provide information about following areas of financial performance：（1）short-term Liquidity，（2）long-term solvency and capital structure，（3）profitability，（4）efficiency，（5）growth，and（6）market value

財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的來(lái)的信息的基礎(chǔ)上，我們可以計(jì)算很多財(cái)務(wù)比率來(lái)給以下財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)領(lǐng)域提供信息

（1）短期償債能力（2）長(zhǎng)期償債能力和資本結(jié)構(gòu)（3）盈余能力（4）效率（5）增長(zhǎng)率（6）市場(chǎng)價(jià)值

7、The value of a stock is equal to the stream of cash payments discounted at the rate of return that investors expect to receive on securities。Common stocks do not have a fixed cash payments consist of an indefinite stream of dividends。The present

tvalue of acommon stock is PV=DIVt/（1+r）

股票價(jià)值等于按投資者預(yù)期從可比證券上獲得的回報(bào)率貼現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)金流出，普通股沒(méi)有固定的到期日，其現(xiàn)金支付由無(wú)限期的股利流組成，因此普通股的現(xiàn)值等于

8、The risk of an investment is best judged in a portfolio context.Most investors do not put all their eggs into one basket.They diversify.Thus the effective risk of any security cannot be judged by an examination of that security alone.Part of the uncertainty about the security s return is “diversified away” when the security is grouped with others in a portfolio.投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最好在投資組合中予以確定,大多數(shù)投資者不會(huì)把雞蛋放在同一個(gè)籃子里,他們會(huì)分散投資,因此僅靠對(duì)單個(gè)證券的體驗(yàn)并不能判斷出該證券的有效風(fēng)險(xiǎn).如果某一證券與其他證券組成投資組合,則該證券收益的不確定性將被部分”分散掉”.9、Beta measures the amount that investors expected the stock price to change for each additional 1 percent change in the market.The average beta of all stocks is 1.0.A stock with a beta greater than 1 is unusually sensitive to market movements;a stock with a beta below 1 is unusually insensitive to market.Thus a diversified portfolio invested in stocks with a beta of 2.0 will have twice the risk of a diversified portfolio with a beta of 1.0.β衡量了市場(chǎng)每增加變動(dòng)百分之一時(shí)投資者預(yù)期股價(jià)將變化的大小,所用股票的β平均值為1.0,貝塔值超過(guò)1的股票對(duì)市場(chǎng)的變化異常敏感,而貝塔值低于1的股票對(duì)市場(chǎng)的變化就不那么敏感.因此貝塔為2.0的股票組合的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是貝塔為1.0的股票組合風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的兩倍.10、The basic principles of portfolio selection boil down to a commonsense statement that investors try to increase the expected return on their portfolio and to reduce the standard deviation of that return.A Portfolio that gives the highest expected return for a given standard deviation, or the lowest standard deviation for a given expected return, is known as an efficient portfolio.投資組合選擇的基本原則歸結(jié)為一種常識(shí)性的說(shuō)法是，投資和力圖提高其投資組的期望并減少該收益的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差，有效投資組合是那些特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差下具有最高期望收益或特定期望收益與下具有最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的投資組合。

簡(jiǎn)答題

1、what are the two formats of balance sheet and the two formats of income statement separately？資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的兩種形式是什么?

The fundamental forms of balance sheet include account form and report form

An account form of balance sheet has two sides.The left side shows items of assets, the right side shows items of liabilities and owner s equity.It looks a “T” account, it is based on the equation stated as “assets=liabilities + owner s equity” The report form of the balance sheet states items of assets, liabilities and owner s equity horizontally, where assets are stated on the upper part of the balance sheet, liabilities and owner s equity on the lower part.It is based on the equation stated as “assets-liabilities=owner s equity”

2、How to calculate the following financial ratios? Please write down the formulas.如何計(jì)算下列財(cái)務(wù)比率,寫(xiě)出他們的公式

Current ratio=total current assets/total current liabilities

流動(dòng)比率=流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)總額/流動(dòng)負(fù)債總額

Quick ratio=quick assets/total current liabilities

速動(dòng)比率=速動(dòng)資產(chǎn)/速動(dòng)負(fù)債總額

Accounts receivable turnover=sales/accounts receivable

應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率=銷(xiāo)售收入/平均應(yīng)收賬款

Days inventory=days in period/inventory turnover

平均收賬期=天數(shù)/存貨周轉(zhuǎn)率

Debt ratio=total debt/total assets

負(fù)債比率=總負(fù)債/總資產(chǎn)

Equity multiplier=total assets/total equity權(quán)益乘數(shù)=總資產(chǎn)/總權(quán)益

Interest coverage=EBIT/interest expense

利息保障倍數(shù)=息稅前利潤(rùn)/利息費(fèi)用

ROA=net income/average total assets

資產(chǎn)收益率=凈利潤(rùn)/平均總資產(chǎn)

ROE=net income/average stockholder s equity

權(quán)益報(bào)酬率=凈利潤(rùn)/平均股東權(quán)益

Net profit margin=net income/total operating revenue

Payout ratio=cash dividends/net income

Total asset turnover=sales/average total assets

P/E ratio=market price per share/EPS

市盈率=每股市價(jià)/每股盈余

M/B vale=market price per share/book value per share

市值與賬面值比=每股市價(jià)/每股賬面價(jià)值

3、How to decompose the ROA and ROE according to the DuPont System？

通過(guò)杜邦分析體系來(lái)分解ROA，ROE

ROE=profitability * efficiency * leverage

=ROS * asset turnover * asset-to-equity ratio

=net income/sales * sales/asset * asset/equity4、what is NPV? And what is the NPV rule？什么是凈現(xiàn)值法則？

NPV is present value plus any immediate cash flow

NPV rule：the financial manager cannot affect the interest rate but can increase,stockholders wealth.The way to do so is to invest in assets having

positive net present values

第四篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀

Bull market :牛市 bear market熊市 budget 預(yù)算balance sheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 income statement收益表。損益表 working capital 周轉(zhuǎn)資金 inventory control 庫(kù)存控制。儲(chǔ)量控制quality assurance 質(zhì)量保證 just-in-time delivery 適時(shí)原料輸送multinational corporations 跨國(guó)公司 commercial paper 商業(yè)票據(jù)leverage 借款投機(jī)。杠桿作用 market segmentation 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分distribution channels銷(xiāo)售渠道 exclusive distribution獨(dú)家經(jīng)銷(xiāo)competitive advantage 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)

product differentiation產(chǎn)品差異化break-even Point 盈虧臨界點(diǎn)。保本點(diǎn) brand 牌名，品牌intellectual property 知識(shí)財(cái)產(chǎn) agency 代理breach of contract合同

horizontal organization 橫向管理體系division of labor職責(zé)分工 downsizing 裁員flextime 彈性工作制

board of directors 董事會(huì)chief executive officer 首席執(zhí)行官 acquisition 收購(gòu)employee stock options 職工股票先購(gòu)權(quán) performance appraisal system 工作表現(xiàn)評(píng)估制 gross domestic product國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值profit 利潤(rùn) supply供給sole proprietorship獨(dú)資企業(yè)

unlimited liability 無(wú)限責(zé)任shareholders 股東。股票持有人 equilibrium price均衡價(jià)格，平衡價(jià)格pure competition 純自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng) oligopoly 寡頭壟斷monopoly壟斷

fiscal policy 財(cái)政政策democratic leader 民主型領(lǐng)導(dǎo) crisis management 危機(jī)管理private corporation 私營(yíng)企業(yè) subsidiary corporation附屬公司，子公司 中譯英

翻譯題一：大熊貓是一種溫順的動(dòng)物，長(zhǎng)著獨(dú)特的黑白皮毛。因其數(shù)量極少，大熊貓已被列為瀕危物種。大熊貓對(duì)于世界自然基金會(huì)有著特殊意義。

自1961年該基金會(huì)成立以來(lái)，大熊貓就一直是它的徽標(biāo)。大熊貓是熊科中最稀有的成員，主要生活在中國(guó)西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大約有1000只大熊貓。這些以竹為食的動(dòng)物正面臨許多威脅。因此，確保大熊貓的生存比以往更重要?！敬笮茇垼簠⒖甲g文】: The giant panda is a docile animal with unique black and white fur.Because of their small number, giant pandas have been listed as an endangered species.The giant pandas are of special significance for WWF(World Wildlife Fund).Since the establishment in 1961, the fund has been using the giant panda as its logo.The giant panda is the rarest member of the bear family.They mainly live in the forests of southwestern China.Currently,there are about 1,000 giant pandas in the world.The bamboo-eating animals are facing many threats.Therefore, to ensure the survival of the giant panda is more important than ever.翻譯題二：中國(guó)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是全世界發(fā)展最快的，2010年，中國(guó)大概有4.2億網(wǎng)民，而且人數(shù)還在迅速的增長(zhǎng)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的日漸流行帶來(lái)了重大的社會(huì)變化，中國(guó)的網(wǎng)民往往不同與國(guó)外的網(wǎng)民，美國(guó)的網(wǎng)民更都多的是受實(shí)際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件，買(mǎi)賣(mài)商品，科學(xué)研究，規(guī)劃形成或者付款，中國(guó)網(wǎng)民更多都是出于社交的原因使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因而更廣泛的使用論壇、博客，聊天室等?！净ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)：參考譯文】

The Internet community of China is developing in the fastest way in the world.China has about 420 million netizens in 2010,and the number is still growing rapidly.The growing popularity of Internet has brought significant changes to the society.And Chinese netizens are often different from the netizens in America.American netizens are more motivated by actual needs, using the Internet as a tool to send e-mails, buying and selling goods, plan trips or payment.Chinese netizens are more use the Internet for social reasons.Hence they use QQ and chat-rooms for a wider range.翻譯題三：越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)年輕人正對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)生興趣，這是近年來(lái)的新趨勢(shì)。年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界 的好奇心，隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了。他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引。有些人甚至選擇長(zhǎng)途背包旅行。最近調(diào)查顯示，很多年輕人想要通過(guò)旅行來(lái)體驗(yàn)不同的文化，豐富知識(shí)，拓展視野。旅游：參考譯文】

More and more young people are interested in Chinese tourism, which is a new trend in recent years.Increasing number of young tourists, they can be attributed to the rapid increase of income and to explore the world outside of curiosity, with travel much, young people in big city and famous scenic spots to spend less time.Instead they are more attracted to a remote place.Some people even choose long backpacking trip.According to a recent survey, many young people who want to experience a different culture, travel through the rich knowledge, the development field of vision.英譯中 【1】道德行為的實(shí)施

通常一個(gè)組織表現(xiàn)出較高的道德行為，這個(gè)CEO比起他周?chē)娜擞兄_(kāi)放、明確的道德管理體系。在一個(gè)致力于的實(shí)現(xiàn)高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公司，其董事會(huì)是通過(guò)以下方面來(lái)傳達(dá)自身的承諾：公司道德規(guī)范、公司公開(kāi)致辭和出版物、針對(duì)不道德行為的處理政策、高管的行為以及為保證員工服從而采取的行動(dòng)。高層主管要求他們手下的職員不止要遵守道德規(guī)范，還要舉報(bào)那些不遵守規(guī)范的員工。對(duì)于已經(jīng)有這些道德規(guī)章制度的公司，會(huì)鼓勵(lì)員工來(lái)遵守道德規(guī)范。盡管執(zhí)行的過(guò)程是CEO來(lái)引導(dǎo)，但是需要高管的參，來(lái)加強(qiáng)對(duì)下屬道德的管理和是否順從。“灰色區(qū)域”要被明確規(guī)定，并和員工公開(kāi)討論，同時(shí)需要設(shè)立引導(dǎo)解決爭(zhēng)議的機(jī)構(gòu)。管理的人員不能假設(shè)員工已經(jīng)被道德管理或已按照道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行。管理人員可以用一些方法來(lái)鍛煉道德領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，第一、最重要的是他們要在自己的行為中設(shè)立良好的道德規(guī)范的例子并且設(shè)立廉正的傳統(tǒng)。公司的決定應(yīng)被視為道德上的“行動(dòng)勝于語(yǔ)言”。第二，管理人員和雇員應(yīng)當(dāng)被教導(dǎo)什么是道德的而什么不是；道德訓(xùn)練的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)當(dāng)被設(shè)立而且“灰色地帶”應(yīng)當(dāng)被討論和確定。所有人應(yīng)當(dāng)被鼓勵(lì)提出有關(guān)道德的事件并且討論他們。第三，高層管理人員應(yīng)該明確的參照公司的道德規(guī)范并且在道德事件上有一個(gè)強(qiáng)力的立場(chǎng)。第四，高層管理必須做好在巨大爭(zhēng)議中作為最后仲裁者的準(zhǔn)備；這意味著要將人員調(diào)離關(guān)鍵崗位或者讓他們離職因?yàn)樗麄兊倪`反規(guī)定。這也意味著需要斥責(zé)那些在監(jiān)控和執(zhí)行道德服從上松懈的人。在追求道德的不端行為中不能采取快速和果斷的行動(dòng)被視為是缺乏真正的承諾。一個(gè)成熟的程序，以確保遵守道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通常包括：（1）董事會(huì)的監(jiān)督委員會(huì)，通常由外部董事組成。（2）對(duì)一個(gè)委員會(huì)的高級(jí)管理人員直接進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練、履行和遵從。（3）每年審計(jì)經(jīng)理的結(jié)果和正式報(bào)告來(lái)彌補(bǔ)經(jīng)理的不足行為。（4）定期要求員工簽署需要服從的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件?！?】行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的五力模型

由麥克波特發(fā)明的“五力模型”已經(jīng)是作為測(cè)試競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的最常使用的分析工具。它用五種基礎(chǔ)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)描述競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境： 1潛在進(jìn)入者是威脅。

2供應(yīng)商的討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的威脅。3消費(fèi)者討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的威脅。4替代品的威脅。5行業(yè)內(nèi)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的威脅。

總之，這些力量確定了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的性質(zhì)和程度，還有一個(gè)行業(yè)的潛在利潤(rùn)。管理者應(yīng)該懂得在他們這些公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中如何用這些五個(gè)力量中的任何一個(gè)去影響行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境。就像一種理解會(huì)根本上的使這個(gè)管理者去決定對(duì)于這個(gè)行業(yè)中最適合的和最有保護(hù)效果的戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢(shì)。

第五篇：大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)求職信

Letter of Application

一．求職信簡(jiǎn)介

求職信是求職者寄給公司以應(yīng)聘職位的信。求職信通常會(huì)跟簡(jiǎn)歷一起寄出，因此求職信也常稱(chēng)為“簡(jiǎn)歷封面頁(yè)”（cover letter）。求職信的功能是用來(lái)向?qū)Ψ阶晕医榻B，顯示你非常適在該公司工作，并且是該職位的最佳人選。

求職信一般分兩種：

自薦（冷）求職信，即在某公司并未公布任何招聘職位的情況下，郵寄給公司表示愿意在該公司任職的信函；

回復(fù)職位招聘求職信，回復(fù)某公司在報(bào)紙或雜志上刊登的某特定職位的招聘廣告。

二． 求職信內(nèi)容

(1)在信中你必須簡(jiǎn)要表達(dá)你對(duì)所應(yīng)聘工作感興趣的原因。

(2)告訴收信人你是從何處獲悉招聘信息，例如報(bào)紙廣告或電臺(tái)、廣告牌等。

(3)告訴對(duì)方你的教育背景、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，甚至是與此有關(guān)的個(gè)人興趣、嗜好等。如果剛離開(kāi)校門(mén)，也不妨告訴對(duì)方你曾做過(guò)何種暑期兼職工作，雖然并不一定有關(guān)聯(lián)，但起碼向?qū)Ψ奖硎灸憔哂幸欢ǖ墓ぷ髂芰Α?/p>

(4)提供你的個(gè)人資料，例如年齡、種族、婚姻情況、興趣愛(ài)好、你所參與的團(tuán)體活動(dòng)等。

(5)必要的話提供兩三個(gè)推薦人的姓名及其電話號(hào)碼。他們對(duì)你的為人及工作情況應(yīng)有所了解，最好是你的前雇主或以前的老師。

(6)表示你很想獲得面試機(jī)會(huì)，如果你前去面試的時(shí)間有所限制，也需于信中說(shuō)明，但不要把時(shí)間限制得太緊。

(7)措辭要禮貌，但不要太過(guò)分謙卑或拐彎抹角。表達(dá)盡量顯得客觀，不要過(guò)于自夸品學(xué)兼優(yōu)、工作態(tài)度認(rèn)真等，這些應(yīng)該是推薦人說(shuō)的話，不是你自己說(shuō)的話。

(8)以上內(nèi)容要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行增刪。

三． 求職信寫(xiě)作技巧

I．求職信要求“投其所好”，作為應(yīng)聘者，最好針對(duì)所應(yīng)聘的工作有目的性地寫(xiě)求職信

2．語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該謙虛有禮，既要表現(xiàn)出對(duì)對(duì)方的尊重，又不要有討好、迎合之嫌。也可以把語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)得優(yōu)美一點(diǎn)，避免使用太公式化的語(yǔ)言，這樣比較容易打動(dòng)招聘者的心。

3．由于從學(xué)校畢業(yè)的約學(xué)生大部分沒(méi)有工作經(jīng)歷，因此作為畢業(yè)生的求職信應(yīng)該主要介紹自己在大學(xué)里所學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)以及課外活動(dòng)情況，或者暑期工或義工等所獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，來(lái)突顯自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和長(zhǎng)處。

4.在求職信中應(yīng)該盡量展現(xiàn)自己各方面的能力，最好能用一些具體事例來(lái)加以說(shuō)明，讓?xiě)?yīng)聘方覺(jué)得你對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是程有潛力、有價(jià)值的。

5.在求職信中，應(yīng)該盡量實(shí)事求是，不要太謙虛，也不要夸大事實(shí)。

6.對(duì)于一些跳槽求職的人來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)明離職原因因時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不要批評(píng)目前的工作單位或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)自己跳槽的原因是為了更好的發(fā)展，如果是因?yàn)楸唤夤投x職，盡量不要在求職信中提到被解雇的經(jīng)歷。

7.盡量不要在求職信中談到薪水問(wèn)題。

8.在寫(xiě)求職信的時(shí)候，要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)，盡量不要犯拼寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法方面的錯(cuò)誤：以免給招聘方留下馬虎、不認(rèn)真的印象。

Sample 2

Cover letters responding to employment advertisements

回復(fù)招聘廣告的求職信

Date

Name / Title

Business / Organization

Address

City, State Zip Code

Dear Name:

I read your advertisement for a bilingual personal secretary in the September 9th issue of The Los Angeles Times with considerable interest.This position sounds quite interesting and I have the qualifications that you are seeking.I am therefore submitting my resume for your review and consideration.I am looking for a challenge and feel that I can meet the exacting standards you require.Since 1999, I have been the personal secretary for the Director of the international department at the American-Scandinavian vestment Bank in Los Angeles.In addition to the usual secretarial duties, I am also responsible for the smooth running of the department’s secretarial pool.My job includes the supervision of a small team of secretaries, extensive preparation of cost and expense reports, and constant it liaison with New York headquarters.It also demands word processing skills, desktop publishing,a sound knowledge ofEXCEL, and strong personal qualities of initiative, maturity, loyalty, diplomacy, and confidentiality.If my experience and qualifications are of interest, I would be delighted to meet with you to further explore career opportunities with your company.Sincerely ,Name

日期

姓名／頭銜

公司／機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)

地址

城市，州郵政編碼

尊敬的（姓名）：

在9月9日的《洛杉礬時(shí)報(bào)》上看貴公司招聘一名私人雙語(yǔ)秘書(shū)的廣告，并對(duì)此非常感興趣。我認(rèn)為這個(gè)位很有意思，而且我也符合您的招。所以我遞交簡(jiǎn)歷供您瀏覽和考慮，我在尋找挑戰(zhàn)并感覺(jué)我完全符合您的要求。

從1999年起，我開(kāi)始擔(dān)任洛杉礬的美國(guó)—斯堪的納維亞投資銀行國(guó)際部總監(jiān)的私人秘書(shū)。除通常的秘書(shū)職責(zé)外，我負(fù)責(zé)部門(mén)秘書(shū)組的順利運(yùn)行。我的工一個(gè)秘書(shū)小組、成本和花費(fèi)報(bào)告的全面準(zhǔn)備工作，以及與紐約總部的經(jīng)常性聯(lián)絡(luò)。這個(gè)工作還要求文字處理技能、桌面出版系統(tǒng)、熟知EXCEL，還要具備很強(qiáng)的個(gè)人素質(zhì)，主觀能動(dòng)舊動(dòng)性、成熟、忠誠(chéng)、交際技巧和保密性。

如果您對(duì)我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資質(zhì)感興趣，我非常高興與您面談以便探討在貴公司的職業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。真誠(chéng)地

姓名

四．Functional Expressions:

Beginning開(kāi)頭

(l)With reference to your advertisement in(newspaper)of May 2 for a clerk,I offer

myself for the post．本人于5月2日XX報(bào)上的廣告欄得知公司招聘一位職員，特寫(xiě)信應(yīng)聘。

(2)In reply to your advertisement in today’s(newspaper)for an accountant, I am wanting to apply for the post．拜讀今日XX報(bào)上貴公司招聘會(huì)計(jì)的廣告，本人特寫(xiě)信應(yīng)聘該職。

(3)I should like to / I wish to apply for the position mentioned in your advertisement in(newspaper)of July 22．本人想應(yīng)聘貴公司7月22日在XX報(bào)上刊登的招聘職位。

(4)In reply to your advertisement in Beijing Youth Daily of December 25, I respectfully offer my services for the situation.貴公司12月25日在《北京青年報(bào)》刊登招聘廣告，本人特備此函應(yīng)征該職位。

(5)Having heard that the situation of salesman in your company is vacant.I wish to offer my services for it.據(jù)悉貴公司推銷(xiāo)員一職出缺，特備函應(yīng)征。

(6)I have been told by Mr.John, Manager of the Business Book Publishing, with whom I believe you are acquainted, that you are expecting to make some additions to your company in September.據(jù)商業(yè)圖書(shū)出版社經(jīng)理約翰先生稱(chēng)，貴公司擬于今年九月份職員若干名，本人擬參加此等職務(wù)應(yīng)征。

(7)So I must to say that I have long been hopeful of working for your hospital after

graduation, I am sure that I have the privilege of serving in your hospital, I will greatly increase my experience and my education.貴院是本地區(qū)最有名氣的一所醫(yī)院，我早已渴望能畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入貴院工作，如有這份榮幸，我確信，對(duì)我提高行醫(yī)能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)必有極大裨益。

(8)Dear Sir, after my graduation from college this fall, I am desirous of securing a position that will offer me opportunity in the field.本人將于今年秋天大學(xué)畢業(yè)，現(xiàn)擬謀求與國(guó)際貿(mào)易有關(guān)的工作，我對(duì)貴公司的業(yè)務(wù)范圍較為熟悉，閣下也許能為我安排一份工作。

(9)In reference to your advertisement in the newspaper for an accountant, I believe that I have the qualifications to fit your position.閱讀日?qǐng)?bào)上貴公司的廣告，得悉貴公司招聘會(huì)計(jì)，我深信符合該項(xiàng)職務(wù)所列條件。

Introducing oneself：about age and experience介紹自己的年齡和經(jīng)驗(yàn)

(1)I have had 5 years’ experience with a company as a salesman.本人曾在某公司擔(dān)任推銷(xiāo)員，前后有五年之久。

(2)I am 25 years of age, and have had two yearsexperience in my present post, which I am leaving to better myself本人今年25歲，已在目前的職位工作兩年，為更上一層樓，準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)此職位。

(3)I am twenty-three years of age and graduated from the University of Michigan of the class of 2004.我今年23歲，2004年畢業(yè)于密執(zhí)安州州立大學(xué)。

(4)Needless to say, I will have completed a standard course in psychology before I graduate in July.In addition, I have chosen to elect all the courses available at my school in this field.我堅(jiān)信，在今年七月畢業(yè)前，我將順利完成所有學(xué)業(yè)。同時(shí)我還涉獵了大學(xué)里與心理學(xué)相關(guān)的所有課程。

（5）I am a graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University.I won a scholarship and the

first prize in speech contest in the University.本人畢業(yè)于北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)，在校期間曾獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和演講比賽冠軍。

（6）I am to graduate this July from Beijing Commercial College, having completed the

four-year commercial course.During my summer vacation I was employed in the accounting department of a Chemical Company.今年七月本人將從北京商學(xué)院畢業(yè)，讀完四年的商科課程。在暑假期間，曾受雇于某化

學(xué)公司會(huì)計(jì)部。

（7）I am twenty-three years old, and have been employed for the last years by Poly

Technologies.INC.Aircraft Support Division, in the general clerical work of the office.今年23歲，在過(guò)去的四年中一直為保利科技有限公司航空維修部服務(wù)，擔(dān)任普通文職工作。

About personal ability敘述個(gè)人的能力

(1)I am a good accountant and have a thorough knowledge of the English language 本人是一

個(gè)優(yōu)秀的會(huì)計(jì)員，同時(shí)對(duì)英文也頗為精通。

(2)I have received a good education, and know English, Spanish and shorthand.本人曾接受

良好的教育，熟悉英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)以及速記。

(3)The companies for which I have worked have given me permission to refer you to

them for information about the quality of the work I did while in their employ.此外，本人自信英文能力頗強(qiáng)，可以符合貴公司的需要。

(4)Since 2003 I have been responsible for all office details in the administration of sales.In the course of my work.I have become familiar with the various sales territories, and have also in my spare time experience of handling business problems other than my proper sphere.本人自2003年起，一直擔(dān)任售貨業(yè)務(wù)工作。在工作期間，除正式業(yè)務(wù)范圍外，還與各

地區(qū)客戶頗有來(lái)往，并利用公余時(shí)間，學(xué)習(xí)了許多有關(guān)商業(yè)問(wèn)題的處理。

(5)While working with China Trading Company, I have a good chance to know many

clients in this area.My connections built with them in the past may also enable me to get more business for your firm if you will employ me as a salesman.在中國(guó)貿(mào)易公司工作期間，由于業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系，常與很多客戶來(lái)往，并與他們建立了良好的關(guān)系。如蒙貴公司錄用我擔(dān)任推銷(xiāo)員工作，必將對(duì)貴公司業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展有利。

About enclosure附件

(1)You will find enclosed an outline of my education and business training and copies of two

letters of recommendation．有關(guān)本人的學(xué)歷、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等項(xiàng)的概要，附上兩封推薦函，請(qǐng)審閱。

(2)Enclosed please find a resume and a photo．隨函寄上簡(jiǎn)歷一份及相片一張。

(3)I attach schedule of my qualification and experience．隨信附上我的履歷表。

About salary薪酬待遇

(1)I am quite willing to start with a small salary.起薪多少，本人并不計(jì)較。

Reasons for leaving離職原因

(1)My reason for leaving the company is that I wish to get into the advertising business．本人離

職的原因是希望在廣告業(yè)方面發(fā)展。

(2)I am leaving our office to be with my mother and care for my aged mother in a distant city.我為照顧遠(yuǎn)在異地的老母親而申請(qǐng)辭職。

(3)My reason for leaving my present employment is simple because I see no chance of

advancement.本人離職的理由很簡(jiǎn)單，本人深知在原職位上沒(méi)有發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)。

Ending: request for an interview結(jié)尾，請(qǐng)求面談

(1)If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, on any and at any time you

may appoint．如貴公司有意面試，本人一定遵照所指定的時(shí)日前往拜訪。

(2)Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview如對(duì)本人之應(yīng)

聘優(yōu)先考慮，懇請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)予面試。

(3)I hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably.懇請(qǐng)惠予考慮本

人之申請(qǐng)為盼。

(4)I shall be able to call for an interview at your convenience and shall be able to supply any necessary or examples of my previous work.只要閣下時(shí)間方便，我隨時(shí)都可晉見(jiàn)，并隨時(shí)提供我過(guò)去工作情況的所有資料。

(5)I would be very happy to work under your supervision if it is possible.Thank you very much for your kind attention.Please send me an answer at your earliest convenience.如能為貴公司效力，本人將不勝榮幸。閣下耐心讀完這篇申請(qǐng)，本人至為感激，并請(qǐng)盡速惠函示知。

(6)I wish to assure you that, if successful, I would endeavor to give you every satisfaction.如蒙不棄，惠予錄用，本人將盡最大努力工作，爭(zhēng)取諸事滿意。

(7)My duties included compiling reports for the chief engineer on production in the various departments.因希望節(jié)省交通時(shí)間，故想在紐約謀得一職。隨函寄上簡(jiǎn)歷表及近照各一份。

(8)I believe that you will consider this application favorably and I wish to assure you that I should make every effort to be worthy of the confidence you may place in me.若貴公司對(duì)我求職應(yīng)征能予以考慮，本人可作出保證，將盡力為貴公司效勞，敬頃信賴(lài)。

五．Exercises:

1.敬啟者：

貴公司于于4月13日刊登在《商業(yè)日?qǐng)?bào)》上招聘證券經(jīng)紀(jì)人的廣告引起了本人的興趣，我認(rèn)為我可以填補(bǔ)貴公司的一個(gè)空缺。

我現(xiàn)年23歲，男性，將于今年7月份畢業(yè)。在大學(xué)里，我學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)是證券交易。大學(xué)期間，我曾兼職經(jīng)紀(jì)人，并因此獲得了一些經(jīng)紀(jì)方面的實(shí)踐踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

如我所知，貴公司在金融領(lǐng)域聞名全國(guó)，我一直以極大的興趣關(guān)注著貴公司的發(fā)展。我很想獲得在貴公司工作的殊榮，并深信我能在貴公司干好工作。

隨函附寄我的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷和大學(xué)成績(jī)單。