第一篇：英語中委婉語氣的表達法

英語中委婉語氣的表達法

在每一個民族的語言里，或多或少有些關于更禮貌更客氣的表達方法，也就是委婉語氣表達（overtone of politeness）。西方人的委婉更是出了名的，英語學習者經過長期的英語學習和研究不難發(fā)現(xiàn)英語中有許多婉轉口氣的表達法，它使聽話者覺得說話者更有涵養(yǎng)或更容易接受其內容，也使自己顯得更有教養(yǎng)。那么如何講有禮貌的英語呢？下面就用一些例子對此做一些闡述。有關請求和命令的婉轉說法

這一類言語行為在不同程度上具有冒犯性，因此需要用禮貌的話把它淡化和緩解。試比較：

● Pass the water.(不禮貌)● Pass the water, please.（使對方容易接受。）

● Would you pass the water?（試探受話人是否樂意）

● Could your possibly pass the water?（詢問受話人是否有做某事的可能性，很客氣）

● I would be extremely grateful if your would pass the water.（假設語氣陳述句，很有禮貌）● I wonder if you would be good enough to pass the water.（假設語氣，很委婉）

受話人如何給對方答復，現(xiàn)分肯定回答和否定回答來研究。肯定回答：按禮貌程度由低到高排列。

● O.K.●(Yes,)certainly.● Yes, by all means.● Of course.I'll be only too pleased to.否定回答：當你被別人邀請參加聚會或其他等等活動而你因有事不能參加；或者人家有事相求你又確實幫不了，請求得不到滿足，回答使發(fā)話人不悅，這時你不妨試試下面這些軟否定： No, I'm afraid I can't;Well, I'd love to, but actually, I'm afraid I can't at present because...;I wish I could, but...;I'd love to, but...;I'd be glad to, but...;I'm afraid not,...;It's very kind of you to say, but...;I'd like to..., but...，etc.讓我們用一些對話做為例子 :

● A: We plan to go to the beach after class, want to come?

B: I'd love to, but Pro.Jones wants to speak with me.● A: It never fails, It's raining hard outside and I'm stuck without an umbrella.B: I'd like to let you have mine, but I have to go out soon.● A: Will you go to the movies with me tonight? B: I'd love to, but I've caught a cold.● A: Could you possibly do me a favor?

B: Sure, What is it?

A: I've got a problem.I have to fix my table and I don't have a hammer.Could I possibly borrow yours?

B: I'm sorry.I'm afraid I don't have one.A: Oh.Do you know anybody who does?

B: Yes.You should call Charlie.I'm sure he'll be happy to lend you his.A: Thank you.I'll call him right away.● A: It's such a fine day, shall we go to the park for a walk?

B: I'd like to join you, but I find it chilly to walk outside in spite of the sun.勸告的婉轉法

試比較下面句子（按從直截了當到較有禮貌的含蓄的勸告表達法排列）

● You ought to type this paper.(有強加于人的意向)

● You really should slow down at your office.● You'd better tell him the truth.● I'd advise you to take a vacation.● You should take your parents' advice, they know what's best for you.● If I were you , I'd buy another car without hesitation.（含蓄地達到勸告目的）

建議的表達法

試比較：

● I suggest you go for some advice.(不夠禮貌，用于熟悉的人)

● I would suggest starting the work at once.（較委婉）

● You can read the novel now if you like.（給人選擇余地，較客氣）

● You could/might have a look at the novel.（客氣）

● Why not call me next weekend?（有禮貌的建議）

● Why don't you find a decent job?（同 5））

● Can /may/Could/might I suggest that...?（使受話人容易接受）

● It would be better if you copy that again.（假設條件句，容易使人接受）

● I wonder if I might make the suggestion that...（用在正式場合，比如外交家的審慎的辭令風格）如何利用某些時態(tài)婉轉地表達自己種種想法

從上面所舉例子，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)英語中有些時態(tài)其實并不表示真正的時態(tài)，而是與英語中的委婉語氣密不可分的，例如：

4.1 某些實意動詞（want, wonder, think, hope等）的過去時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時表現(xiàn)在時比直接用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)更婉轉，如：

● A: Did you want me?

B: Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help.● It's time you had a holiday.● I wish you lived closer to us.● If only you lent your book to me.● I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.● I'm wondering if I may have a word with you.● I was wondering /wondered if you'd like to come out with me one evening.● I was hoping / hoped you could send me some books.上面所舉例子實際上都可以用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替，但是就不如用一般過去時；現(xiàn)在進行時或過去進行時委婉。如：

I was wondering whether you could help me do something on our wedding.這是一句非常禮貌的話，比“ Could you help me do something on our wedding?"要客氣得多。它用的是過去進行時，表達的意思卻是現(xiàn)在。這句話可以翻譯成：“不知能否勞駕您在我們婚禮上幫我做點事情？”

如果我們沿用傳統(tǒng)的時態(tài)概念，把這句話改成后者，那么，整句話的語氣大變，顯得生硬。更遭的是，句子產生了兩種負面意義：我不知道你幫不幫我做這件事；對你否幫我做這事，我持懷疑態(tài)度。而用過去進行時，則不會產生以上錯誤理解。

4.2 一些情態(tài)動詞或其他動詞的過去時也用來表示委婉語氣，實際上是虛擬語氣，表假設、愿望、建議、猜測、懷疑而已。而沒有時間上的差別，如：

● She might have missed the train.（既是虛擬語氣，也表委婉）。

● We might all have been indulging in an illusion.● It might be an idea to try this one again.● I would suggest you copied this out again.● Sally couldn't love him.● It would be better if you wrote in ink..● You'd(You had)better be careful next time.● I'd rather you finished this off before Friday.● I'd rather you didn't look at the answer or ask others for help.● This handbag could be Mary's.● A: Could/might I smoke here?

B: Yes, of course you can./No, I'm afraid not.● Should I turn off the light?

● What should we do next?

● I should say he is just the right man for this job.● I should think your approach is correct.● I don't think he would be so absent－ minded.● It would be a pity to stop our work half－ way.● Would you like to stay here for the night?

● What would you advise me to do?

● If I had a chance, I'd major in economics.● It's a pity if they should be so obstinate

● I wouldn't go there unless they should force me to go.● We would reduce our price rather than lose the business.假如上面例子的時態(tài)變成現(xiàn)在時的話，意思雖然沒變，但語氣就不如用用過去式婉轉。這就需要多模仿例句，而不必過多地考慮語法。例如：

● Can you tell me how to get to the library?

Could you tell me how to get to the library?(更委婉)

● Will you please come and help me make up the missing class?

Would you please come and help me make up the missing class?(更委婉)

當然這些詞的過去式在一定的上下文當中還是有時間差別的，這里就不多舉例了。

英語的婉轉語氣表達還可借用其他許多方式，還讓我們在學習中多多體會和積累。最后以一段關于一郵遞員將一份有關兒子陣亡的電報送與一位母親的委婉勸慰來減少它對這位母親的打擊的幾句話結束此文。

“ Your son is dead.Maybe it’s a mistake.Everybody makes a mistake, Mrs.Sandoval.Maybe it wasn’ t your son.Maybe it was somebody else.The telegram says it was Juan Domingo.But maybe the telegram is wrong.”這兒你感覺到 maybe一詞在語氣上的婉轉了嗎？

參考書目：《綜合英語二》；

《新編英語語法教程》； 《朗文英英字典》； 《薄冰英語語法指南》； 《中學英語教材》

第二篇：英語中關于死亡的委婉表達

英語中關于“死亡”的委婉表達

我們中國人通常都很忌諱說“死”這個字，都會根據一個人的身份以及和自己的關系采用不同的說法。我們的古代會按照等級的劃分有“天子死曰崩，諸侯死曰薨，大夫死曰卒，士曰不祿，庶人曰死”的說法，我們現(xiàn)在會說一個人“離開了我們”，“去世了”、“不在我們身邊了”。同樣西方雖然有很直接的die這個詞，但也有很多比較委婉的說法。

1.pass away

Sadly, Georgia“s uncle passed away yesterday after a short illness.真?zhèn)?，喬治亞的叔叔昨天得了一場急病去世了?/p>

2.pass on

I”m sorry to learn that your dear mother has just passed on.很遺憾聽到你媽媽剛剛去世的消息。

pass away 和 pass on 都是暗指過世。

3.lose one"s life

一般指由于意外事故、戰(zhàn)爭等不可抗力而造成的死亡，為意外死亡。

How did he lose his life?

他是怎么死的？

4.depart

depart 也是死亡的委婉說法，意思是靈魂離開了肉體的存在去往另一個世界了。

Comrade Zhou Enlai finally departed from us.周恩來同志和我們永別了。

5.expire

expire的意思是呼氣，這里引申為呼出最后一口氣，暗指死亡。

The patient expired early this morning.這位病人今天早晨去世了。

6.perish

perish 指的是非自然死亡。

Many soldiers perish in battle.很多士兵在戰(zhàn)斗中死去了。

7.go to meet one’s Maker

注意這個Maker要大寫，有造物主的意思，所以去見造物主了就是靈魂回歸了，也就是死亡的委婉說法，就像我們也會說某人“去見馬克思了”。

He knew that he came into the world with nothing and that he would go to meet his Maker with empty hands.他知道他是一無所有的來到世上，也將會兩手空空的離開人間。

第三篇：委婉表達辭職原因

問題：

我在一家公司里工作,很努力的在工作,但是我有好的建議和看法公司都不采納,還有公司答應我過了試用期就要給我升工資,但是現(xiàn)在試用期過了兩個月了,但是還是沒有給我升工資,而且工作時間又長,誰幫我寫一下,要求寫得委婉一點，委婉表達辭職原因。

回答：

具體你自己寫，但是你要是有骨氣的話把這些意思寫進去

1.我來公司已近半年，于公司未做絲毫貢獻，于己倍感壓力，身心疲憊。

2.工作半年，言行舉止謹小慎微，必恭必敬，惟恐言行不當再遭人嗤，長此下去，堂堂七尺男兒，身上無半點血氣，做人做事也失原則，辭職報告《委婉表達辭職原因》。

3.公司想做強者，急需一批高素質人才充斥其中，人力資源總監(jiān)：cho.icxo.com而我卻庸人一個，無才無德，素質低劣，實不忍白拿工資在此度日，懇請離去。

4.本來我想在培養(yǎng)我的公司里工作終老，但是生活是殘酷的，巨大的生活壓力迫使我抬起頭來，去遙望那碧藍的天空。

5.本人家境窘迫，苦度十年寒窗，一家N口，上有八旬老人，下有兩歲子嗣，本想依靠在公司巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿ωS衣足食，何奈家中一雙雙饑寒的雙眼讓我實在不忍再空抱有幻想而拿著微薄的收入，實在有負與公司的大力器重……

這幾點很明白吧？

1.自己的創(chuàng)意全部被抹殺；

2.在公司沒有話語權；

3.表面求賢若渴的公司完全沒有誠意提升員工的待遇；

4.抱著美麗幻想的我決定不再受你的壓迫。

5.薪水太少！

第四篇：英語時間表達法

英語時間表達法

一 整點的表達：

o’clock 前用數字或文字均可。文字更正式，數字更鮮明，如：6點------6 o’clock------six o’clock

8點------8 o’clock------eight o’clock

二 非整點表達的兩種方法：

時 + 分

6：30 = six thirty

7：45 = seven forty-five

8：01 = eight 0 one(0 讀字母o 音)

注意：

用“時 + 分”的方式表示時間，后面決不可有o’clock。分 + past + 時：表示“幾點幾分”，不超過半小時（包括半小時half）

分 + to + 時 ：表示超過半小時的 “幾點差幾分”一刻（十五分）用quarter

如：一點一刻： a quarter past one;one fifteen兩點半： half past two;two thirty

三點四十五分：a quarter to four;three forty-five七點二十： twenty past seven;seven twenty

九點四十： twenty to ten;nine forty

a.m.= in the morning 如：上午九點： 9 a.m.9：00 a.m.nine a.m.p.m.= in the afternoon

各色各樣的時間表達法

(1)In time for……及時到……／做……“If you go now, you will be in time for the meeting.(2)On time:準時的“Don't go to the examination late.Make sure you are on time.”

(3)Pressed for time：時間不足“I must hurry up, I am pressed for time at the moment.”

(4)Buy time：爭取時間“There are ten seconds left, but Jordan carried the ball steadily to buy time instead of passing it out.”

(5)For the time being：暫時地“The company has just been formed.For the time being, it is run by the company partners.”

(6)From time to time：偶爾“They visited us from time to time, but we have never been to their house.”

(7)In the nick of time：及時“All the passengers got on board in the nick of time.”

(8)In no time：很快地“The police caught a thief and sent him to prison in no time.(9)Kill time：消磨時間“While waiting for my turn to do something,I often read something to kill time.”

(10)Time and again：屢次“Motorists were warned time and again not to throw rubbish from their cars.”

(11)Time alone will tell：時間可以證明一切“No one is certain if it is wise to emigrate to the West;time alone will tell.”

(12)Time's up：時間到了“Time's up.Stop writing and hand in your answer books now.”

(13)At the best of times：當情況最佳時“Samuel's Mandarin is not good at the best of times, not to mention when he has to speak if impromptu.”

(14)At times：有時“l(fā)ife as a spinster or bachelor is care-free, but the problem is that he or she may feel lonely at times.”

(15)Behind the times：過時的“Maggie's dressing style is a bit behind the times.She should try to keep up with the times by wearing fashionable dresses.”

(16)Move / keep up with the times：趕上時代“Some people's mode of thinking is outdated.They should try to move with the times so as to better fit in the present society.”

(17)The time is ripe for……的時機成熟了“The political leaders of the two countries have communicated with each other.Time is therefore ripe for closer cooperation.”

(18)With time to spare：比預期時間早“As there was no traffic

congestion, we reached the destination with time to spare.”

(19)With time/Given time：假以時間“Don't feel depressed!Things will improve with time.(20)For any length of time：短暫而已“Tom likes to work in different companies.Evidence shows that he has not held on to the same job for any length of time.”

第五篇：英語中的委婉語

（1）Death(死亡）

to be asleep in the Arms of God(本義）安睡在上帝的懷中

to be at peace(本義）平靜了

to be at rest(本義）在休息

to be called to God(本義）被召喚到上帝那

to be called home(本義）被召回家

to be home and free(本義）到家自由了

to be taken to paradise(本義）被送進天堂

The call of God(本義）上帝的召喚

to depart(本義）離去

The final departure(本義）最后離去

final sleep(本義）最后一覺

to go home(本義）回家

to go to heaven(本義）進天堂

to go to one's long home(本義）回到永久之家

to go to one's own place(本義）回老家

happy land(本義）樂土

to have fallen asleep(本義）入睡了

to have found rest(本義）得到安息

to have gone to a better place(land,world,life)到一個更好得地方

in heaven(本義）在天堂

to join one's ancestors(本義）加入先人的行列

join the Great majority(本義）加入大多數

to leave this world(本義）離開今世

to pay one's fee(本義）付費

to rest(本義）休息

to rest in peace(本義）安息

to return to dust(本義）歸之塵土

to sleep(本義)長眠

with God(本義)和上帝在一起

with their Father(本義)與圣父在一起

to fall(本義)倒下了

to do one's bit(本義)盡職了

to lay down one's life(本義)放下自己的生命

to be no longer with us(本義)不再與我們在一起了

to be out of pain(本義)擺脫痛苦

to breathe one's last(本義)呼了最后一口氣

to cancel one's account(本義)銷帳

pay one's last debt(本義)付最后一筆債

kick the bucket 翹辮子

pop off(the hooks)翹辮子

get off the hooks 脫身了

to fade away(本義)消失

to make one's exit(本義)退場

to kick off(本義)開球

to be free(本義)解脫了

to be gone(本義)去了

to be no more(本義)不復存在to close one's eyes(本義)瞑目

to come to an end(本義)結束

to go beyond(本義)到遠方去

to expire(本義)呼氣

to go off(本義)離去

to go one's last(本義)走到自己的終點

to go one's place(本義)回老家

to go to one's resting place(本義)到休息地去

to go to west(本義)西去

to kick the bucket(本義)踢翻水桶

to lose one's life(本義)失去了生命

to pass away(本義)離去

to stop living(本義)停止生存

to take one's rest(本義)休息

to shut up the shop(本義)關門（4）灰色職業(yè)

shoe maker 補鞋匠 → shoe rebuilder 重整鞋者

dish washer 洗盤子的人 → utensil maintenance 器皿保全工 garbage man 清掃垃圾的人 → sanitation engineer 清潔工程師 butcher 屠夫 → meat technologist 肉類技術專家 hair-dresser 理發(fā)師 → cosmetologist

美容師 undertaker 承辦喪事的人 → funeral director 殯儀負責人 prostitute 妓女 → pavement princess

馬路天使

maid/ housekeeper(女仆/ 女管家)→domestic help / day-help 家務助手，day-help 白天幫工，live-in help 住家?guī)褪?optician(眼鏡商)→vision engineer(視力工程師

bedding manufacturer(床具制造商)→ mattress engineer(床墊工程師)或sleep engineer(睡眠工程師)School principal(中小學校長)→ educational engineer(教育工程師)tree surgeon

花木外科醫(yī)師 beautician

美容師

street orderly / sanitary engineer 街道清潔師/衛(wèi)生工程師 maintenance engineer（維修工程師）→房屋管理員； landscape-architect（風景建筑師）→園林工人； tree-surgeon（樹木手術師）→修樹剪枝的工人； shoe-rebuilder（鞋子再造者）→修鞋匠； sanitation engineer（衛(wèi)生工程師）→垃圾工人； pipe engineer（管道工程師）→ 管道工 heating engineer（水暖工程師）→管工；

telephone engineer（電話工程師）→修理電話的技工； extermination engineer（除害工程師）→滅鼠工人； beautician（美容師）→理發(fā)師；

household executive（家政委員）→家庭婦女（7）排泄物

to be caught short(本義）給了個冷不妨

the call of nature(本義）自然的需要

Can I add some powder?(本義）我可以茶點粉嗎?

to cash(write)a check(本義）兌(開)張支票

to do a job for oneself(本義）做點私事

do one's business(本義）干自己的活

to do one's duty(本義）盡職

to ease oneself(本義）自我輕松一下

to eliminate(本義）逐出

evacuation(本義）排空

to excrete(本義）排泄

to find a haven of rest(本義）尋找安息所

to fix one's face(本義）化裝

to freshen up(本義）梳洗打扮

to get some fresh air(本義）去呼吸一點新鮮空氣

to give oneself ease(本義）使自己舒服一下 to pass water（去排水）→ 小便 to see the stars（看星星）→方便 to get some fresh air（呼吸新鮮空氣）to relieve or to relieve nature（去空身）、to wash one’s hand（去洗手或凈手）to see one’s aunt（去看阿姨）answer nature’s call（響應自然的召喚）go to wash－room（去洗手間）go to the bank（去銀行）spend a penny（去花點小錢）to pay a call（拜訪）see john（去看約翰）

to go somewhere（到什么地方去一下）、consult Mr.Jones（請教瓊斯先生）pow－der one’s nose（在鼻子上擦點粉）o have a BM（=bowel movement大便）

want to make oneself comfortable（想去使自己舒服點）

to go(本義）

to go into retreat(本義）去僻靜

to go somewhere(本義）出去一下

to go to Egypt(本義）到埃及去

to go to one's private office(本義）到私人辦公室去

to go to bathroom(本義）到洗澡間

May I adjourn?(本義）我可以變換一下地方嗎？

May I please be excused?(本義）失陪了

natural necessity(本義）自然的需要

nature stop(本義）自然需要停車

to pluck a rose(本義）摘朵玫瑰

powder one's nose(本義）搽點粉

to relieve oneself(本義）輕松一下

to wash one's hands(本義）洗洗手 廁所

powder room（化妝室）、convenience（方便去處）、cloakroom（存衣室）、loo(=waterloo, 滑鐵盧)、toilet（盥洗室）、gentlemen（男士）、gents’（男士房間）、ladies（女士）、ladies’（女士房間）bathroom（浴室）、restroom（休息室）、men或men’s（男士或男士房間）、women或women’s（女士或女士房間）、comfort station（休息處）

ugly：

homely 不好看 plain 平常

plain-looking 長相一般 ordinary looking

長相一般 fat: heavyset 敦實的,富態(tài) chubby

豐滿的 plump豐滿的 , 圓胖的 stout

壯實的 thin: slender 苗條的 slim 苗條的 willowy 苗條的

svelte 亭亭玉立的，身材細長的 lean

精干的

lithe

敏捷的，輕快的

她懷孕了。

She has cancelled all her social engagement.She is in an interesting condition.She is in a delicate condition.She is knitting bootees.She is in the family way.She is expecting.She is in a hn~ly way． 她快要當家了。She is knocked up． 她有了。A hole out in one(本義)一擊入洞 An accident(本義)事故 Awkward(本義)行動不便的 To be caught(本義)被捉住 to be gone（本義）已過去了 to beget（本義）產生

break one's ankle（本義）腳骨折了 clucky（本義）抱窩的

eating for two（本義）吃雙份飯 full of heir（本義）懷有繼承人

to have a hump in the front（本義）前身有塊隆肉 fragrant（本義）香噴噴的 full of heir（本義）懷有繼承人

to have a hump in the front（本義）前身有塊隆肉 to have one watermelon on the vine（本義）藤上有瓜了 to have one on the way（本義）有人要來 in a bad shape（本義）身體不佳

in a certain condition（本義）身處某種狀態(tài) in a delicate condition（本義）身體虛弱 in a(the)family way（本義）家常打扮 in a familiar way（本義）熟悉地

in a particular condition（本義）處于特殊狀態(tài)

in an interesting condition(situation, state)（本義）處于有趣狀態(tài) in trouble（本義）惹上麻煩 infanticipating（本義）期望得子 irregularity（本義）不規(guī)則現(xiàn)象 knitting（本義）絨衣 to knock up（本義）敲門叫人

lady-in-waiting（本義）有所期待的女子 to learn all about diaper folding（本義）學疊尿布 a mother-to-be（本義）未來的母親 on the nest（本義）在抱窩

preparing the bassinet（本義）準備搖籃 rattle shopping（本義）采購玩具 rehearing lullabies（本義）練唱催眠曲 to spoil a woman's shape（本義）壞了女子體型 to sprain an ankle（本義）扭傷腳踝

to swallow a watermelon seed（本義）吞了棵西瓜子 that way（本義）那樣

waiting for the patter of little feet（本義）等待小腳丫聲 to wear the apron high（本義）圍裙系高 a waiting woman（本義）等待中的婦女 with a baby window（本義）有個凸窗肚 with child（本義）懷孩子了 未婚先育

She is in trouble． 她碰到麻煩。She has been unwise． 她不夠明智。She has been too friendly．她過于友善。

老年人———高級市民（senior citizens）、年長者（the elderly）、the mature(成熟)，不再很年輕（no longer very young）

distinguished gentleman(尊貴的先生，婉指老人);grande dame（貴婦人，婉指老年婦女，老婦）;seasoned man（經驗豐富的人，歷經滄桑的人，婉指老人）;senior citizen（高齡公民，資深公民，婉指老人

capital punishment

死刑

industrial action /industrial dispute 勞工行動/ 勞資糾紛

失業(yè)現(xiàn)象→underutilization(未充分利用人才)或human es underdevelopment(人力資源未充分開發(fā))。pension(救濟金)→ welfare bene一 6ts(社會福利)

poor nations（窮國）→ back nations(滯后國家), underdeveloped nations(欠發(fā)達國家), developing nations(發(fā)展中國家), emerging nations(新興國家)； wiretapping or bugging(偷聽電話或竊聽)→“electronic surveillance”(電子監(jiān)督)；

wiretappers(竊聽者)→“ESE”(Electronic Surveillance Experts)economic crisis 經濟危機→recession(經濟衰退)，depression； strike（罷工）→industrial action，industrial dispute（工業(yè)上的爭端）； dismiss解雇→lay off / ease out / give sb.the walking ticket

停止雇用/免職/把解雇書給某人

unemployed mother失業(yè)的母親→ welfare mother（領取福利金的母親）侵略戰(zhàn)爭→ international armed conflict（國際武裝沖突），air attack（空襲）→ air support（空中增援），air strike（空中打擊），overflight(越 界飛行)nuclear bomb(核彈)→nuclear device(核裝置)；

War Department（戰(zhàn)爭部門）→Defense Department（國防部）

be defeated（戰(zhàn)?。鷏ight and scattered action（潰散行動），incomplete success（不圓滿的勝利）；

對別國的入侵invasion →rescue mission（營救使命），wasting the enemy（消耗敵人），pacification（安撫，平息），active defense(積極防御)，preventive war(防御戰(zhàn)爭)。

Walt"(戰(zhàn)爭)→ massive exchange(大規(guī)模的交火)steal或embezzle（貪污）→They misuse public funds(濫用公共資金)

cancer(癌)→

the Big C，long illness leprosy(麻風病)→ Hansen S disease，mad(瘋了)→ mentaproblem，a little confused（有點反常，神志迷亂）Blind(盲的)→ sightless，constipation(便秘)→ irregularity，crippled(殘疾)→physically handicapped，disabled；

crippled(瘸子)→physically handicapped(有生理缺陷的)； disabled／the inconvenience the deaf(聾子)→imperfect hearing(聽覺不完美的)，hard of hearing（耳沉）the blind(瞎子／盲人)→visually retarded(視力有障礙的)； retarded（智力遲鈍的）→men tal lhandicapped(心智有缺陷的)AIDS(艾滋病)→social disease(社會疾病)Tuberculosis（肺結核)→lung trouble(肺部毛病)pneumonia（肺炎）→the old man’s friend（老年之交）

poor students（學習成績差的學生）→below average students（低于一般水平的學生）；

stupid or lazy students（愚笨或懶惰的學生），而說→underachievers（未充分發(fā)揮出自己潛力的學生）；

poor（窮）→needy（拮據）、underprivileged（經濟狀況低下的）、disadvantage（處于不利地位的）；

sloppy and careless（粗心大意的人）→absent-minded（心不在焉的）； lie（撒謊）→not tell the truth（沒講實話）；

what horror!（多可怕?。鷕ather a nuisance!（真討厭?。?/p>

A fire has broken out.（失火了。）→There has been a fire situation.（出現(xiàn)火情。）； steal（偷）→take other people’s things without permission（未經許可拿了別人的東西）； cheat in class（課堂考試作弊）→depend on others to do his or her work（考試靠別人），