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      英語翻譯十大原則5篇

      時間:2019-05-15 08:14:21下載本文作者:會員上傳
      簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《英語翻譯十大原則》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《英語翻譯十大原則》。

      第一篇:英語翻譯十大原則

      翻譯十大原則

      1)

      動賓連接 原則:翻譯動賓短語時,先考慮賓語的成分

      中國人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國人民友好相處。

      The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.avoid the stupid and short-sighted traps

      擺脫束縛

      打破禁錮

      擺脫羈絆

      2)

      時態(tài)原則

      中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。

      The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中國過去是、現在是、將來是??

      China was, remains to be

      中國人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。

      The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.–led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.畢竟中國、古巴等一些在人權委員會中受到以美國為首批評的國家,總是投票或游說反對美國政府。

      虛擬語氣用“本應當??”

      3)

      主語確定原則

      這一目標的實現,最直接的應該是老百姓住得更寬敞了,更舒服了。

      The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.(重新確定主語)

      其實,撇開數學,繞過那一大堆公式,一門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline(of science)are understandable and appreciable.(增補主語)

      They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.無論是外人入境,或是文化入侵,政府都已無能為力。(重新確定主語,賓語變主語)

      注:there be 句型:狀語變主語

      They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一系列問題,美國政府總是對國際輿論置若罔聞,使得這些(倒戈)國家越來越失望/懊惱。

      4)

      謂語最小化原則

      今年的亞太經濟貿易合作組織會議將主要側重兩個方面:一是加強亞太經合組織成員之間的合作,共同應對可能出現的經濟衰退,重樹信心;二是繼續(xù)推進亞太經合組織貿易投資自由化進程,推動世界貿易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。

      The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence;the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.如何化解謂語:1、動詞變?yōu)槊~

      2、多使用介詞短語:with;through

      3、多使用分詞短語

      4、多使用to do sth.目的狀語

      5、最后一個謂語:使用“,which 引導的非限定性定語從句”

      顯然,許多美國的傳統(tǒng)支持國家沒有投票支持美國,以此對美國奉行單邊主義表示不滿。

      Many traditional U.S.supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S.unilateralism.5)

      動賓換序原則:

      處理較長賓語的方法:

      1、謂語變成能夠直接接賓語的表達形式

      The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.在新千年,經濟重心將向亞洲轉移,中國將迅速崛起,世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對此做出反應。

      2、先譯賓語,再譯主謂

      The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大學是否存在資金償還能力,這些都取決于項目預算。

      6)

      句群邏輯關系原則

      六種重要的邏輯關系:

      1、表原因關系,聯結詞:因為、所以、因此、由于

      2、轉折關系:雖然、但是、然而,不過

      3、條件關系:如果、假如、只要??就,一旦

      4、讓步關系:盡管、就算??也、即使??也

      5、時間先后關系:??之后,接著??

      6、結果關系:從而、導致

      經過二十多年的快速發(fā)展,中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質技術基礎,社會保持穩(wěn)定,市場經濟體制正在逐步建立和完善,為西部經濟持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。

      Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China

      中國將致力于建設國家創(chuàng)新體系,通過營造良好的環(huán)境,推進知識創(chuàng)新、技術創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新,這是中國實現跨世紀發(fā)展的必由之路。

      Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.7)

      連接原則

      不僅考慮邏輯關系,還要區(qū)分主謂語、次謂語

      書無所不讀,全無所惑,并不著急,教書做事,均甚認真,往往吃虧,也不后悔。

      Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.中國加入世界貿易組織的談判已經進行了15年了。中國的立場始終如一。

      China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.8)

      減少of原則

      經濟全球化的深入發(fā)展提高了人民的生活水平。The furthering economic globalization has improved people’s living standard.中國的富強和發(fā)展不會對任何國家構成威脅。

      A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.我們之間關系的發(fā)展,使我們不僅成為親密的朋友,而且成為兄弟。

      Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.樓的質量不好。

      The building is not well built.當of能夠轉化成’s的所屬關系時

      9)

      名詞詞組與分句互譯原則

      They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.基金會提供了一種方式,可以讓有錢人和大公司能實際支配花去稅款的方式。

      注:賓語中出現5w1h的從句,轉化成名詞詞組

      But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年蓋茨對此持懷疑態(tài)度,熱衷于施舍和政府援助。

      注:對于一般的形容詞短語,可以轉化簡單主謂分句

      The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大學是否存在資金償還能力,這些都取決于項目預算。

      注:of架構的名詞詞組,如果不表示所屬關系,極可能變成“是否”從句

      10)妖詞原則

      From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……

      本世紀初,基金會的數量并不多。

      Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亞洲國家的經濟總量將超過其他國家地區(qū)的總和。

      Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.這些國家雖然呈現出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢,但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢人口,還有少部分人口極端富有。

      The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.無論來自于政府或商界,項目資金的重要特點是其建立在契約上,即不同的項目可以爭取相同的項目資金,因此調研人員要取得獨立,就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項目。

      第二篇:大原日本語學院特色

      1、和日本學生共同活動

      大原日本語學院主要活動都跟大原學院集團的全校生一起活動,每年秋天運動會在大型音樂廳的舞蹈館舉行的。畢業(yè)典禮則在渋谷會堂跟日本學生一起舉行。

      2、廣闊、潔凈的校舍

      大原日本語學校的校舍為本校所有,可以確保學生生活的寬??臻g。由學校法人旗下的公司大原Enterprise負責管理校內建筑的打掃,維修。所以環(huán)境一直保持干凈衛(wèi)生,對地震的危險也有專門的防備安全對策。

      3、徹底的班主任制度

      學校實施徹底地班主任制,不只指導學生的學習,生活,升學。而且班主任還會細心地管理學生打工和居住問題。

      4、升學和就業(yè)指導

      360教育集團表示,學校的母體大原??茖W校就業(yè)率達到是每年99%。還有本校的畢業(yè)生就業(yè)在日本企業(yè)和韓國優(yōu)秀企業(yè),利用到現在積累的???集團技術知識。大原日本語學校不只是指導升學,而且盡最大的努力讓學生們達到最終的就業(yè)目的。

      學習指派專門教員個別對應指導升學.尤其是通過大原??茖W校多樣的情報對希望升學??茖W校的學生提供確切的參謀,還有在計算機房有升學相關的材料,學生可以收集多樣的升學資料。

      5、留學生優(yōu)惠

      不同于其他日本語學校,學校法人大原日語學校的學生可以享受留學簽證的優(yōu)惠。比如東京內的地鐵,新干線,利用東京內的各種設施,甚至在影院,美術館等場所都可以和日本大學生享受一樣的學生優(yōu)惠待遇。

      6、留學生學習生活支援

      對掉隊學習進度的學生細心地管理。如果學生學習進度跟不上,下課后老師會提供單獨輔導。

      學校在事務局一律管理學生的居住和打工等,全體學生每個月可以了解詳細情況。如果有變更,根據這些基礎資料在入國管理局寫<留居資格外活動批準申請>,<再入國批準申請>,(留居期間更新申請>等的申請書,所以學生確認內容后只簽名以外不用寫繁復的文件。還有也可以迅速地發(fā)行在校證明書和出席成績證明書等的證明書。

      第三篇:十八屆三中全會熱詞英語翻譯

      十八屆三中全會公告

      各界期盼的十八屆三中全會,也被稱為“定調的大會”,各界期待中央推出一攬子改革方案,并明確推進時間表,真正拉開中國第四輪改革大幕。三中全會期間,哪些議題最熱,又涌現了哪些新的流行詞? 讓我們看看這些熱門詞匯用英文如何表達。公報 Communique

      回顧以往歷次三中全會,一般都會審議通過一份“決定”,會后有時還會發(fā)布“公報”。十八屆三中全會于11月12日閉幕并發(fā)布全會公報,中國未來十年改革路線圖隨之揭曉。回顧以往歷次三中全會,一般都會審議通過一份“決定”,會后有時還會發(fā)布“公報”。那么,全會通過的“決定”、“公報”等文件有什么區(qū)別呢? 《黨政機關公文處理條例》指出,“公報”(Communique)適用于“公布重要決定或者重大事項”,如,《中國共產黨第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議公報》(Communique of the Third Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee)?!皼Q定”(Decision)適用于“對重要事項作出決策和部署、獎懲有關單位和人員、變更或者撤銷下級機關不適當的決定事項”,如,《中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》(The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Important Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform)?!皼Q議”(Resolution)適用于“會議討論通過的重大決策事項”,如,《中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會關于十七屆中央委員會報告的決議》(Resolution of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the Report of its Seventeenth Central Committee)?!皥蟾妗保≧eport)適用于“向上級機關匯報工作、反映情況,回復上級機關的詢問”,如,《政府工作報告》(Report on the Work of the Government)?!耙庖姟保∣pinion)適用于“對重要問題提出見解和處理辦法”,如,《關于地方政府職能轉變和機構改革的意見》(Opinion on Functional Transformation and Institutional Reform of Local Governments)。

      政府改革 government reform

      如果說中央政府改革是上篇,地方政府改革就是下篇,需要整體構思、通盤考慮、上下貫通。國務院總理李克強在日前召開的地方政府職能轉變和機構改革工作電視電話會議上指出,如果說中央政府改革是上篇,地方政府改革就是下篇,需要整體構思、通盤考慮、上下貫通,把政府改革的整篇文章做好。

      李克強指出,政府改革(government reform)的主要目的,就是進一步理順政府和市場、政府和社會、中央和地方的關系(to clearly define the relations between government and the market, between government and society and between central and local governments),更好地發(fā)揮市場、社會的作用,更好地調動中央和地方兩個積極性,推動政府全面正確地履行職能(make sure that the government fully plays its part),加快現代政府建設(to accelerate the development of modern government),努力促進經濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展、社會不斷進步,不斷滿足人民群眾的新期待、新要求。

      在提到地方政府職能轉變(the transformation of local government functions)時,李克強講到以下幾點:

      1.要接好放好中央下放的審批事項(Local governments should properly take over or further release as required approval power delegated by the central government);

      2.要最大限度地取消地方行政審批事項(We should minimize the number of items subject to administrative review and approval by local governments);

      3.要加強地方政府管理服務職能(Local governments need to enhance their functions in both regulation and services);

      4.改革創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管方式,建立一套科學監(jiān)管的規(guī)則和方法(We also need to reform and innovate ways of supervision and establish a set of scientific rules and methods of supervision);

      5.搞好保障民生的基本公共服務(To ensure basic public services essential to people's livelihood);

      6.要更加重視基層政府建設(We need to place greater importance on the building of community-level governments)。

      講到地方機構改革(local institutional reform)時,李克強指出,這次地方政府機構改革,要著力搞好“控、調、改”。

      1.要嚴控機構編制總量(The size of government staffing must be put under rigorous control); 2.要調整優(yōu)化機構編制結構(The organization and staffing structure of government agencies should be adjusted and improved);

      3.要通過深化改革滿足事業(yè)發(fā)展的需要(Reform should be deepened to meet our needs for development)。

      產權多元化 ownership diversification 在全會結束后,將對國企進行改革。當前的改革方向是推進產權多元化,鼓勵私企入股國企。The restructuring and upgrading of State-owned enterprises is at a crucial stage, and Huang said further ownership diversification is “a high priority” that will benefit sustainable development of the Chinese economy.國資委副主任黃淑和說,國有企業(yè)的重組改制和優(yōu)化升級正處于關鍵階段,進一步推進產權多元化是優(yōu)先發(fā)展的重點方向,這將有益于中國經濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

      “產權多元化”就是ownership diversification,是國企未來的發(fā)展趨勢。其中一個途徑就是injecting private capital into State-owned assets(私企向國企注入資金)。

      當前State-owned enterprises(SOE,國企)和central SOEs(央企)正處于restructuring and upgrading(重組改制和優(yōu)化升級)的關鍵時期,推行diversified ownership(混合所有制)有利于中國經濟的sustainable development(可持續(xù)發(fā)展)。

      群眾路線 mass line

      群眾路線(mass line)就是一切為了群眾,一切依靠群眾,從群眾中來,到群眾中去。黨的群眾路線教育實踐活動工作會議6月18日在北京召開,中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平出席會議并發(fā)表重要講話,對全黨開展教育實踐活動進行部署。請看《中國日報》的報道:

      Xi, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, urged its members to adopt the “mass line” as they did during revolutionary times, in a move to improve ties with the public.中共中央總書記習近平要求全體黨員像在革命時期一樣走“群眾路線”,密切黨群關系。群眾路線(mass line)就是一切為了群眾,一切依靠群眾,從群眾中來,到群眾中去(doing everything for the masses, relying on them in every task, carrying out the principle of “from the masses, to the masses”)。

      習近平指出,目前黨內脫離群眾現象集中表現在形式主義(formalism)、官僚主義(bureaucratism)、享樂主義(hedonism)和奢靡之風(extravagance)這“四風”上。此次講話要點還包括:

      1.人心向背關系黨的生死存亡。

      Winning or losing public support is an issue that concerns the CPC's survival or extinction.2.黨只有始終與人民心連心、同呼吸、共命運,始終依靠人民推動歷史前進,才能做到堅如磐石。

      The CPC can only be stable when it dedicates its soul and mind to the people, and relies on the people to push forward historical advancement.3.照鏡子、正衣冠、洗洗澡、治治病

      Watch from the mirror, groom oneself, take a bath and seek remedies 全面深化改革 comprehensively deepening reform

      為期四天的十八屆三中全會將對全面深化改革作總體部署。

      十八屆三中全會于11月9日開幕,全面深化改革的藍圖即將展開。黨的十八大提出全面深化改革,十八屆三中全會將再次果敢抉擇,指引改革的方向。

      “Comprehensively deepening reform” means the reform will be more systematic, integrated and coordinated.The CPC will work to speed up the development of a socialist market economy, democracy, cultural development, social harmony and ecological progress.“全面深化改革”意味著改革將更加注重系統(tǒng)性、整體性、協(xié)同性。中國共產黨將加快發(fā)展社會主義市場經濟、民主政治、先進文化、和諧社會和生態(tài)文明。

      為期四天的十八屆三中全會將對全面深化改革(comprehensively deepening reform)作總體部署。中共中央政治局常委、全國政協(xié)主席俞正聲在會前表示,這一輪改革范圍之廣,力度之大,都將是空前的。全面深化改革可能涉及的領域有:投融資體制改革(reform of the investment and financing circulation system)、行政體制改革(reform of the administrative system)、財稅制度改革(reform of fiscal revenue and tax distribution system)、金融體制改革(reform of the financial system)、農業(yè)工作改革(agricultural reform)、民生領域改革(reform concerning people’s livelihood)、外貿體制改革(reform of foreign trade system)、城鎮(zhèn)化改革(urbanization reform)、產業(yè)政策改革(reform of industry policies)以及服務業(yè)改革(reform of the service industry)。其中,簡政放權(government streamlining)、收入分配制度改革(reform of income distribution system),以及戶口制度改革(reform of the household registration system)等均受到各界的廣泛關注。同時,外媒報道多數預測金融體制改革(reform of the financial system)將是本次全會的重要議題。

      投融資體制改革(reform of the investment and financing circulation system)主要涉及推動民間資本有效進入金 融、能源、鐵路、電信等領域,同時提出“嘗試由民間資本發(fā)起設立自擔風險的民營銀行”。

      行政體制改革(reform of the administrative system)主要涉及簡政放權,轉變職能,創(chuàng)新管理,以及加強政府信息公開回應社會關切提升政府公信力。2013年3月至11月 共取消下放334項行政審批等事項。

      財稅制度改革(reform of fiscal revenue and tax distribution system)涉及進一步擴大營業(yè)稅(business tax)改增值稅(value-added tas)試點范圍,暫免征收部分小微企業(yè)增值稅和營業(yè)稅。

      金融體制改革(reform of the financial system)涉及全面放開貸款利率管制,進一步擴大信貸資產證券化試點。2013年9月中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區(qū)正式掛牌成立,自貿區(qū)內金融試點包括:利率市場化、匯率自由匯兌、金融業(yè)的對外開放、產品創(chuàng)新等,也涉及一些離岸業(yè)務。

      農業(yè)工作改革(agricultural reform)涉及現代農業(yè)綜合配套改革試驗,選擇有條件的地方率先開展現代農業(yè)綜合配套改革試驗。

      民生領域改革(reform concerning people’s livelihood)涉及高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)、奶粉安全、大氣污染防治、以及收入分配制度改革等。

      外貿體制改革(reform of foreign trade system)涉及加大出口退稅支持力度,加快推進跨境貿易人民幣結算,改善融資服務、擴大信用保險支持,以及完善人民幣匯率形成機制等。城鎮(zhèn)化改革(urbanization reform)主要涉及全面放開小城鎮(zhèn)和小城市落戶限制,有序放開中等城市落戶限制,逐步放寬大城市落戶條件,合理設定特大城市落戶條件,逐步把符合條件的農業(yè)轉移人口轉為城鎮(zhèn)居民。

      產業(yè)政策改革(reform of industry policies)涉及加快發(fā)展節(jié)能環(huán)保產業(yè),促進信息消費,以及化解產能嚴重過剩矛盾等。服務業(yè)改革(reform of the service industry)涉及大力發(fā)展醫(yī)療服務。加快發(fā)展健康養(yǎng)老服務。積極發(fā)展健康保險。全面發(fā)展中醫(yī)藥醫(yī)療保健服務,支持發(fā)展多樣化健康服務。培育健康服務業(yè)相關支撐產業(yè)。健全人力資源保障機制。夯實健康服務業(yè)發(fā)展基礎。

      全能政府 omnipotent government

      全能政府指政府在經濟發(fā)展中同時扮演決策者、投資者、招商者、管理者、監(jiān)督者等角色。政府職能轉變,預計將是以部署全面深化改革為主題的中共十八屆三中全會的重要內容。不少專家認為,盡管政府職能轉變取得了一定成效,但要由全能政府真正變?yōu)橛邢拚?,還有很長的路要走。請看相關報道:

      Government omnipotence, which has become an obstacle to efficiency after powering China's staggering growth in past decades, is expected to be addressed in reforms outlined by the country's new leadership for the next decade.中國新一屆領導集體有望在未來十年通過改革解決全能型政府問題,全能型政府在過去幾十年帶動了中國高速增長,但現在已經成為影響經濟高效發(fā)展的阻力。

      Government omnipotence(全能型政府)也可以用omnipotent government表示,指政府在經濟發(fā)展中同時扮演著決策者(decision-maker)、投資者(investor)、招商者(franchiser)、管理者(regulator)、監(jiān)督者(supervisor)等等角色,各個領域都由政府主導,這種經濟發(fā)展模式不可避免地帶來了產能過剩(overcapacity)、環(huán)境污染(environmental pollution)、債務風險(debt crisis)、市場缺乏活力(market malfunctions)等問題。

      目前這種政府主導的增長模式(government-led growth model)已經嚴重阻礙了中國的經濟結構轉型(economic restructuring)和市場經濟進一步發(fā)展。

      與之相對的有限政府(limited government)是指政府自身在規(guī)模(scale)、職能(functions)、權力(power)和行為方式(work style)上受到法律和社會的嚴格限制和有效制約。

      近半年國務院取消和下放行政審批事項(administrative approval items)200多項,目前仍有約1500項,地方政府層面的審批項目則多達1.7萬項。每項審批權力的削減,必然會消解一部分人的利益,能不能破除這些阻力,將考驗改革的決心和意志(putting the reformers' determination and courage to the test)。日前,國務院發(fā)展研究中心(國研中心)首次向社會公開了其為十八屆三中全會提交的“383”改革方案總報告全文,勾勒出一幅詳盡的改革“路線圖”。

      The “383 plan” is named for its content: a “trinity reform” of market, government and enterprise, which will be spread across eight key areas, with three major breakthroughs to be made.所謂“383”方案是指橫跨八個領域涉及市場、政府以及企業(yè)的“三位一體改革”,并在三方面改革中取得重大突破。

      “383 plan”就是最近大家都在討論的“383”方案,是指包含“三位一體改革思路、八個重點改革領域、三個關聯性改革組合”的中國新一輪改革路線圖(reform roadmap)。其中,“三位一體改革”(trinity reform)指完善市場體系(improving the market system)、轉變政府職能(transforming government functions)、創(chuàng)新企業(yè)體制(creating new business structures)三方面的綜合改革;涉及的八個改革領域分別為管理體制(administrative system)、基礎產業(yè)(basic industries)、土地制度(land system)、金融體系(financial system)、財稅體系(fiscal revenue and tax distribution system)、國資管理(administration and management of State-owned assets)、激勵創(chuàng)新(promotion of innovation)、以及涉外經濟(foreign economy)。

      三方面改革目標為:降低市場準入門檻以吸引投資者并鼓勵競爭(lowering market entry barriers in order to attract investors and to foster competition); 為全體國民建立“國民基礎社保包(setting up a basic social security package for citizens); 以及允許集體土地在統(tǒng)一市場交易(allowing collective land to be traded on a unified market)。報告還給出了改革的“時間表(timetable)”,建議將改革分為三個階段,即2013年至2014年的近期改革、2015年至2017年的中期改革和2018年至2020年的遠期改革,以建立一個有活力、創(chuàng)新、包容、有秩序,及法制的社會主義市場經濟(to establish an energetic, innovative, inclusive, orderly and rule-by-law socialist market economy)。

      自上而下的改革 top-down reform

      李克強所說的cutting one's own wrist(壯士斷腕)指的就是政府自上而下的改革。李克強總理曾在一次新聞發(fā)布會上,把政府削權比作“壯士斷腕”,展示了他轉變政府角色的決心。這種自上而下的改革有望在當前召開的十八屆三中全會內容中得到體現。請看新華社的報道:

      At a press conference held in March right after the usher-in of the new leadership, Premier Li Keqiang compared reducing government power to “cutting one's own wrist” to demonstrate his resolve to transform government roles.在三月份新領導班子進駐后不久舉行的一次新聞發(fā)布會上,李克強總理將政府削權比喻成“壯士斷腕”,以展示他轉變政府角色的決心。

      李克強總理所說的cutting one's own wrist(壯士斷腕/自我斷腕)指的就是政府的top-down reforms(自上而下的改革)。自從改革開放以來,國家在體制改革上已經取得了顯著進展,但中國政府要成為一個de facto limited government(有限政府)還需要漫長的努力。今年中央政府已經廢棄了200多個administrative approval items(行政審批項目),這意味著一部分群體的利益將受到損害,這將考驗改革者的決心和勇氣。專家稱,現階段的改革實質上是carrying out reforms on the reformers themselves(對改革者自身的改革),關鍵在于mindset of the cadre team(干部隊伍的心態(tài))。

      城鎮(zhèn)化率 urbanization ratio

      城鎮(zhèn)化率(urbanization ratio)就是城鎮(zhèn)人口(population in urban areas)占總人口(entire population)的比例。

      根據國家統(tǒng)計局公布的數據,截至2012年年底,城鎮(zhèn)化率已達52.57%。然而,這只是基于城鎮(zhèn)常住人口的統(tǒng)計。在國家統(tǒng)計局第六次人口普查數據中,戶籍城鎮(zhèn)化率是27.7%。請看相關報道:

      China's urbanization ratio hit 52.57 percent in 2012, increasing almost 1 percentage point each year from 17.9 percent in 1978.2012年,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化率達到52.57%,幾乎是從1978年的17.9%每年遞增1個百分點。城鎮(zhèn)化率(urbanization ratio)就是城鎮(zhèn)人口(population in urban areas)占總人口(entire population)的比例?;诔擎?zhèn)常住人口(resident population in urban areas)的統(tǒng)計來看,中國的城鎮(zhèn)化率已超過50%;但是從戶籍(household registration)角度來看,城鎮(zhèn)化率僅為27.7%,超過3億農民工(migrant workers)居住在城市里卻沒有城鎮(zhèn)戶口,因此不能享受到相應的居民福利(residential welfare)。目前中國城鎮(zhèn)化進程中的主要障礙就是戶籍制度(household registration/hukou system)。

      國家發(fā)改委的一位研究人員指出,目前中國的城鎮(zhèn)化表現出三個特點:工業(yè)化緩慢(slow industrialization)、土地城鎮(zhèn)化迅速(fast land urbanization),以及重速度不重質量(prioritization of speed over quality)。

      工作作風 work style

      新一屆中央領導集體提出八項要求包括精簡會議、視察時減少交通管制,以及厲行節(jié)約等。中共新一屆中央領導集體履新以來,身體力行改進文風、會風,備受矚目。這股“新風”也已從上自下波及開來,各級會議紛紛以實際行動落實文風、會風的改進,引發(fā)輿論關注。請看《中國日報》報道:

      Many provincial Party committees have created detailed policies to improve their working style, as required by the country's core leadership.多省黨委均已按照中央領導集體要求,制定出改進工作作風的詳細政策。Working style就是“工作作風”,新一屆中央領導集體就改進工作作風提出八項要求,包括condense meetings(精簡會議)、reduce traffic control during inspection tours(視察時減少交通管制),以及practice thrift(厲行節(jié)約)等。

      隨后,中央軍委發(fā)布luxury dinner ban(豪華宴會禁令),明確指出,不安排宴請,不喝酒,不上高檔菜肴。各省也紛紛效仿,出臺規(guī)定,要求厲行節(jié)約,會議時不得擺放鮮花(displaying flowers),不得掛橫幅(welcoming banners)等。

      第四篇:英語翻譯

      英語1-4單元翻譯

      第一單元.這個嬰兒還不會爬,更不用說走了。The baby can not crawl,let alone walk.2 威爾聲稱謀殺案發(fā)生時他正在與一群朋友吃飯,但是我認為他在說謊。Will claimed that he was having a dinner with his friend when the murder happended,but in my opinion he is lying.he told lie.3 一定程度上閱讀速度與閱讀技巧密切相關;有了閱讀技巧,你就可以更好的應對課外閱讀了。

      To a certain extent ,the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills;and reading skills, you can better cope with outside class readingafter class reading.4 根據規(guī)則他們倆都可以參加比賽。

      According to the ruleregulation, they both can take part inparticipate the game.5 有些人想當然的認為日語中的每一個詞在漢語中都有對應的詞語。Some people assume that each word in Japanese has an equivalent in Chinese /Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for very Japanese word 6 我已將所有的相關信息告知了警方。

      We have already reported all relevant information to the police We have already passed all relevant information on the police 7 關于那件事你問我再多的問題也沒用,因為我是不會回答你的。It is no use asking me any more questions because I won’t answer 8 事先沒有仔細閱讀合同就簽了名是吉姆的錯誤。

      Singing the contract without reading it carefully was a mistake on Jim’s part It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading carefully 9 他們拒絕向我們提供所需要的全部信息。

      They refused to provide us with all information that we needed 10 這起事故與三年前發(fā)生的一起事故極為相似。

      This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago 11 這部影片是根據莎士比亞的戲劇改編的。

      The film /movies is based on a play of William Shakespeare 如果你過你的英語和電腦技能都掌握得好,那么你在謀職時一定比別人更有優(yōu)勢.You’ll surely /certainly have advantage over others in finding a job ,if you are good at /if you have a good command of both English and computer skills

      第二單元 很多老師不贊同這種做法

      Many /A lot of /A large number of teachers frowned on this practice 2 當我想從草地上穿過去的時候,有位老人在旁邊怒視著我。

      When I was about to /was trying to cross /cut across the lawn , an old man glared at me.3 當我提到我的父親,她臉上總是露出來認識我的笑容。

      When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face 4 我的大孩子比較聽話,而小的那個非常倔。我現在還回想起小的孩子在中學畢業(yè)后是如何執(zhí)意要出國讀書的。

      My older child/My firstborn was quit obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn.I can still recall how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after his graduation from middle school.5 當海嘯襲來時,許多東南亞國家遭受了巨大的損失。

      Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.6 每當做母親的那弟弟跟哥哥作比較,弟弟就要抗議。

      Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest 7 當他初到這個新學校的時候,發(fā)現自己與其他同學格格不入。

      He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school 8 她臉上氣急敗壞的表情實在把我嚇壞了。我再也不敢說個不字。The fury on her face terrified me.I dared not say no to her again.9 怪不得你最后闖出禍來,原來你從來不聽你父母的管教。No wonder you ended up in trouble.You never followed your parents’ advice.10 他發(fā)了整整兩年的時間才慢慢適應了這個新環(huán)境。It took him two years to adapt to the new environment

      第三單元 威廉非常喜歡那個女孩,所以他盡力討好她,并且很有信心可以贏得她的心。William likes the girl very much /a lot so he tires his best to impress her and is optimistic to min her heart.2 他有創(chuàng)造性,對未來也有很好的判斷力,可就是喜歡秘而不宣。He is creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes keep things to himself.3 他們來自一個貧窮的小山村,那里的人們遠離現代文明。

      They come from a poor little village where people were shut off from modern civilization.4 我們要努力工作,爭取達到我們是定下的目標.We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.5 我們應滿足于我們所擁有的一切,不該對周圍的事情過分吹毛求疵。We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.6 他們經常代表學校參加辯論比賽;今晚我們將聚會慶祝他們的成功。They often represent our school in debating competitions;tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.7 通過讀書,他不僅開闊了視野,而且學會了不斷完善自己的人格。Through reading ,not only has he expanded his horizons,but he also has learned to keep improving his character.8 為了把那個女孩從火中救出,兩名警察犧牲了他們的生命。

      Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.9 穩(wěn)定的;無沖突的夫妻關系對家庭中的孩子有好處。

      A stable relationship without conflict between husband and wife benefits the children in family.3

      第四單元 我們一知道成績就互相聯系吧!

      Let’s get in touch as soon as we know the result of the testexam 2 那音樂激起他強烈的思鄉(xiāng)之情。

      The music aroused an intense feeling of homesickness in him.3 你已經工作一個上午了,該休息一下了

      You’ve been working all morning---you;deserve a rest now.4 我剛躺下,電話鈴就響了。

      I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rangNo sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.5 醫(yī)生說我疲勞過度,勸我不要在接受更多的工作

      My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take on any more work 6 珍妮自愿負責聚會后的清潔工作。

      Jenny volunteered to clear up after the gathering.7 演講的題目提前一個星期宣布,但是演講者的名字不會提前告知。The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.8 你的考試成績沒有達到所要求的標準,換句話說,你考試不及格。Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard----in other words, you failed.9 她病得很厲害,必須停止工作。She was so ill that she had to leave off work.10 現在沒辦法知道結果會怎樣,案子的決定權在法官手里,我們所能做的就是等待

      There is no way to tell what is going to happen.The case is in the hands of the judge, and all we could do is to wait.4

      第五篇:英語翻譯

      翻譯:

      在2011年7月,我加入了海航集團這個大家庭并成為海南新生信息有限公司北京分公司的一員,領導給我的職位是客戶服務主管,在這個短短的半年中,我嚴格要求自己并較好的執(zhí)行自己本職的工作,有收獲,也有不足的地方,在公司領導的幫助下,我從一個對自己的工作一知半解,到現在我可以自己獨當一面,現將自己的工作狀況以及個人體會總結如下:工作介紹:

      在這半年中,我們公司主要的工作重點都放在北京錦繡大地物流港,我們的工作主要是在錦繡大地開展第三方支付業(yè)務,海航在2011年5月16日全國首批取得 《中華人民共和國支付業(yè)務許可證》,在2011年1月24日獲得《支付系統(tǒng)安全認證證書》并以此為基礎開發(fā)科一個支付系統(tǒng)簡稱“新生支付”系統(tǒng)。通過這個系統(tǒng)為錦繡大地的商戶們提供代收代付服務等相關金融服務。

      而我的工作主要為:對商戶以及公司客戶進行新生支付系統(tǒng)的了解推廣以及介紹,為商戶及公司申請新生支付賬號,對新生支付進行使用以及對錦繡大地的一些正在使用新生支付系統(tǒng)的公司進行操作上的培訓以及解答,給錦繡大地管理員進行錦繡大地結算卡的培訓與使用介紹。

      ① 新生支付業(yè)務了解及推廣

      在我剛開始接觸新生支付系統(tǒng)的時候我只是通過從大新華易物流總部那個得到的相關資料對新生支付系統(tǒng)僅有初步的了解,之后我通過聯系易物流總部運營部的蘇珊周嘉華等人,對新生支付系統(tǒng)有了更深刻的了解,同時,錦繡大地的一些公司對新生支付也比較有興趣,這正好可以讓我在實際操作中了解新生支付以及對其進行推廣,在推廣過程中,我了解到了客戶的信息,并準備通過他們提交的信息為他們申請支付平臺的賬號。

      ② 新生賬號的申請

      從向總部的相關人員咨詢中我了解到,只有申請到了新生平臺賬號才能在新生平臺進行業(yè)務的使用。申請賬號時需要備其以下資料:商戶信息調查表完整填寫,營業(yè)執(zhí)照副本,稅務登記證,組織機構代碼證,法人身份證(都需要復印件),同時要簽訂協(xié)議并上報公文,在協(xié)議中,要明確的是結算時間,這個主要跟客戶在使用平臺時付款的到賬時間有關,一般為T+1。了更好更快的推廣新生支付平臺,我通過以上的要求在1個半月的時間里為錦繡大地的5家公司開了新生平臺賬號。

      ③ 新生支付平臺的使用培訓

      在申請完新生支付平臺賬號后,我將幫助客戶進行賬號的注冊,登陸密碼和支付密碼啊的設定,之后就可以在使用了。一般的客戶主要在平臺上進行大額款項的往來、單比付款、批量付款。單筆付款主要是面向個人或者是一家公司,批量付款則是這個系統(tǒng)的一大優(yōu)點,在一張excel表里可以把所有付款信息填入里面,無論多少人,多少公司都可以,這時,需要在設置另一個操作員的賬號,由于批量付款涉及金融較大,數量較多,所有對系統(tǒng)會在批量付款時需要業(yè)務復核。在這半年里,這5家公司通過批量付款進行過工資發(fā)放,退付款的發(fā)放等等,而且他們每天都在新生平臺進行金額的代收代付業(yè)務。

      ④ 錦繡大地結算卡

      我們在錦繡大地推廣新生系統(tǒng)的同時,為了給商戶們帶來更便利的金融服務,我們推出了錦繡大地結算卡,這是一張預付費卡,可記名可掛失。商戶們可以通過這張卡在錦繡大地的結算中心進行現金存取,存支票,轉賬等業(yè)務。在領導把這張結算卡的主要功能給我們講解完后,在半個月的時間里,我們基本上把這張卡的功能全部了解了。在領導的要求下,我們分層給錦繡大地的管理員們進行培訓,之后找到每層的大商戶,分層分批次的跟他們進行結算卡的推廣。我們以錦繡大地聯合農副產品批發(fā)市場有限公司名,為其申請了新生平臺賬號,結算中心通過錦繡大地的新生平臺進行代收代付的業(yè)務。

      感受與不足

      在進入海航集團的這半年里我感受到了海航大家庭的溫暖,體會到了海航精神,體會到了“共同理想、共同信仰、共同追求、共同理念”,體會到海航將追求品質貫穿到每位海航人的每件工作中,以“誠信、業(yè)績、創(chuàng)新”為理念,賦予了“海航”這個符號高品質的形象,奠定了海航事業(yè)長青不凋的基石。在領導和同事的幫助下,自己成長了許多也成熟了許多,領導交給自己的任務,自己可以獨立完成,做到獨當一面。體會到了海航精神里面的為自己做點事,為他們做點事。

      自己在很多方面都有不足的地方,首先我認為我對第三方支付的這個概念了解的不是很全面,而且對金融這方面的知識了解的不是很多,自己應該在周末和休息時間多學一些金融方面的知識,多看一些金融方面的書籍。海航是一個競爭力很強的企業(yè),如果不學習不總結經驗早晚會被海航淘汰,在海航一定要多學習,多總結經驗和教訓,使自己不斷成長,這樣才能讓自己站得住腳。自己在工作中可能還是有些馬虎大意,這在以后工作中是一定不行的,自己所涉及的都是金額較大的工作,所以一定要認真。

      今年馬上就要過去了,明天可能會有更多更有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作等著我來完成,我自己也很期待去鍛煉自己,讓自己變的更成熟穩(wěn)重,可以幫助領導和同事排憂解難,自已一定要積極貫徹“海航十則”精神,團結同事,聽取別人的意見和建議,多學習,多總結經驗和教訓,為海航的發(fā)展多出一份力!

      In July 2011, I joined the Haihang group,and become a new member of Hainan new information co., LTD., Beijing branch, my position is customer service director.During this short half a year, I am strict with myself and do my job, I have learnt a lot as well as shortcomings.Under the leadership of firm, I change from a girl knows nothing about business to a girl who can make it, now I will share my working conditions and personal experience with all of you, as follows:

      Work Introduction:

      During this half year, our company mainly focuses on the Beijing big country logistics port, our main task is to develop the third party payment business in the big country.Haihang first obtains the People's Republic of China payment business license in the May 16, 2011 ,and in 2011 January 24th it wins payment system security authentication certificate and, on this basis, developing a payment system called” the new payment system”.By which big businessmen in the country are able to conduct collect and pay service and other related financial services

      My work is mainly as follows: introduce the new payment system to merchants and customers, help them to apply for new payment account, operate the training for the new-pay-users as well as to the big country of new payment system, and introduce the using methods for the to big country managers.(1)understanding and promotion for the new payment business

      I just started to contact new payment system via the Xinhuayi logistics headquarters and the relevant information, with the help of ZhouJiaHua, Susan and other acquaintances, I have a deeper understanding of the new payment systems.Meanwhile, some companies are interested in new payment, in which I am able to promote it and have a picture of clients in the real operation, and prepare to submit for their payment platform account through their information

      (2)Application for the new account

      By the relevant consulting from the heads, I learned that only apply for the new platform account can use it for business.Apply for the account calls for the following material: complete merchant information questionnaire, duplicate of business license, tax registration

      certificate, organization code certificate, legal person's ID card(all need copy), and at the same time they need to sign the agreement, and hand in it.What shall be clearly is the main settlement time, which customers in the use of platform payment should account the time, generally for T + 1.In order to promote new payment platform, I opened new platform account for 5 big companies through the above requirements in one and a half months.(3)training for the use of new payment platform

      In the application for the new account payment platform, I will help customers account registration, password, then can be in use.The general

      customers are mainly in the platform of the large amount of money than current, single payment, batch payment.Single payment mainly is for an individual or company, batch payment system is the one of the great strengths and, a piece of excel list can put all the payment information inside, no matter how many people and company, at this time, we need to set up another operator account, due to the batch payment involves more quantity, all of the system in batch payment need business review.During this half year, the five companies made salary, pay back the issue, and so on through the batch payment, and they everyday in the new platform for amount of collection and payment business.(4)the big country debit card

      We promote new system, at the same time, in order to bring more financial services to traders, we have launched the big country debit card, this is a prepaid card, which can be registered and can report the lost.Traders of the settlement center can have cash access, deposit check, transfer, etc through the card in the big country.After the leader introduces the functions of this debit card, we have a good grasp of it in the coming half month.Under the leadership, we give the detailed training to managers and big fishes about the debit card.Our big country,agricultural and sideline products wholesale market co., LTD., applies for the new platform account, settlement center collects and pays business through the new platform.Feeling and shortage

      During the half year in Haihang group, I felt the warm of this family, and realize the process of spirit, “same ideal, same beliefs, same pursuit, and same idea”, realize to the Haihang will pursue the quality through the process of each piece of work, take “the faith, performance,innovation” for the concept, shape “Haihang” the image of high quality, laid the solid foundation of the development.With the help of leadership and colleagues, I grow up and become mature.I am able to finish the task on myself which realize the spirit “one for all, all for one”.I have some shortcomings, to begin with, I don’t have a clear picture of third party payment and also lack for financial knowledge, I should spare the weekend time to do more reading and learn more about them.Haihang is a very competitive enterprise, without learning and summing up experiences one is easily be eliminated.In this company, I must learn the lessons to make myself grow up, only in this way I will earn a position here.I am careless sometimes in the work, which is not allowed because it is involved in the large amount of money, so I must serious.This year will be the past, more challenges are waiting for me, I, myself, also looking forward to exercise myself, and learn to be more mature.I can help leaders and colleagues to solve problems, and I do stick for the spirit, I will unify colleagues, take their suggestions and advise, learn to sum up experience and lessons to make a contribution to Haihang!

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