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      奧巴馬訪華與中美關(guān)系分析

      時(shí)間:2019-05-15 08:05:08下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
      簡(jiǎn)介:寫寫幫文庫(kù)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《奧巴馬訪華與中美關(guān)系分析》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫(kù)還可以找到更多《奧巴馬訪華與中美關(guān)系分析》。

      第一篇:奧巴馬訪華與中美關(guān)系分析

      奧巴馬訪華與中美關(guān)系解析 ——兼談世界金融危機(jī)

      美國(guó)有人提出“兩國(guó)集團(tuán)”(G2)—— 中國(guó)和美國(guó),也有人提出中、日、美,還有人提出叫中、印、美,不管兩國(guó)還是三國(guó),都跟中國(guó)有關(guān)。

      歐盟有人就提出,只有美國(guó)同歐盟,兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體可以成為主導(dǎo)世界的核心力量。因?yàn)闅W盟的經(jīng)濟(jì)體比美國(guó)還大,而且美國(guó)同歐盟價(jià)值觀一致,美國(guó)怎么可以跟價(jià)值觀不一致的中國(guó)成為主導(dǎo)世界的核心力量呢,這是一種說(shuō)法。還有一種說(shuō)法,要么G3吧,就是美國(guó)、歐盟和中國(guó)一起來(lái)主導(dǎo)世界。在這種背景之下,奧巴馬總統(tǒng)來(lái)到東亞訪問(wèn),他訪問(wèn)了日本、中國(guó)、韓國(guó)和新加坡。

      中美關(guān)系正處在一個(gè)歷史上發(fā)展的重要時(shí)刻,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的總量一年產(chǎn)出去年是美國(guó)的三分之一不到,我們是4.4萬(wàn)億美元,美國(guó)是14.4萬(wàn)億美元。美國(guó)逼我們?nèi)嗣駧爬^續(xù)升值,全世界都預(yù)測(cè)奧巴馬此次中國(guó)行將會(huì)大力施壓中國(guó)政府。然后讓全世界非常吃驚的是,奧巴馬沒有施壓中國(guó)政府,世界感到不可想象的吃驚。美國(guó)國(guó)人非常失落,這個(gè)總統(tǒng)怎么對(duì)中國(guó)這么軟,太軟了。其實(shí),是我們這邊做了大量的工作,包括交大一百多學(xué)生表現(xiàn)得非常出色。

      但大家有所不知的是,就在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)結(jié)束的時(shí)候,中美還在尖銳地斗爭(zhēng)。見面會(huì)由復(fù)旦校長(zhǎng)主持,結(jié)束應(yīng)該由復(fù)旦校長(zhǎng)宣讀,但美國(guó)總統(tǒng)結(jié)束講話的時(shí)候把話筒遞給了美國(guó)駐華大使洪博培。楊校長(zhǎng)一步?jīng)_上去把話筒搶過(guò)來(lái),中方主持的主場(chǎng)怎么能讓客人主持呢,但人家就不給你主持。我們的人沖上去,他們保安就沖上來(lái),因?yàn)樗麄円Pl(wèi)自己的總統(tǒng),他們的保安沖上來(lái),我們的保安也沖上去,雙方斗爭(zhēng)到如此緊張的地步。我們還怕他在這個(gè)會(huì)場(chǎng)上講臺(tái)灣和西方問(wèn)題,如果奧巴馬跟四百個(gè)學(xué)生談臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題的話,那中美關(guān)系會(huì)非常緊張,我們事先做了大量的工作,他才保證不講。他這里不講,臺(tái)灣那里就很緊張。所以?shī)W巴馬到了北京,跟胡主席談話以后,在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上照樣講了臺(tái)灣,他這樣也是為了安慰臺(tái)灣的老朋友。

      下面,我們來(lái)看看中美兩國(guó)的發(fā)展。日本去年GDP4.8萬(wàn)億,今年到現(xiàn)在為止一路下降。我們4.4萬(wàn)億,我們保8%,日本保1.8個(gè)%,那么我們就超過(guò)他,所以今年一定超過(guò)日本,這還是按1:6.8算。1 / 12

      世界銀行認(rèn)為美元和人民幣應(yīng)該是1比2,國(guó)際貨幣基金組織也認(rèn)為是1比2,亞洲開發(fā)銀行認(rèn)為應(yīng)該1比3.5,美國(guó)中央情報(bào)局現(xiàn)在調(diào)整到1比3.7,如果用這協(xié)會(huì)率來(lái)算,中國(guó)現(xiàn)在的財(cái)富產(chǎn)出已經(jīng)是多少億?1000萬(wàn)億。所以這是一個(gè)基本面,我們實(shí)力很強(qiáng)大,政府的稅收一年就是五六萬(wàn)億。六七年前,2003年那屆人大結(jié)束的時(shí)候,朱熔基總理結(jié)束任期時(shí),一年是一萬(wàn)億人民幣的稅收,現(xiàn)在是六萬(wàn)億了,一年漲一萬(wàn)億,政府可以做很多事情。

      另一方面,看看美國(guó)怎么樣?美國(guó)正處在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來(lái)最困難的階段之一,那就是經(jīng)濟(jì)60多年來(lái)第一次絕對(duì)下降。本來(lái)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)年年上升,但是在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)這個(gè)大盤子中,它的比例逐步在下降,從二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后的占世界GDP的50%到現(xiàn)在的20%幾到30%,美國(guó)從全面掌控世界局勢(shì),到已經(jīng)逐步失去控制力了,所以他需要朋友,美國(guó)在世界上有31個(gè)盟國(guó)。

      從經(jīng)濟(jì)總量來(lái)看,美國(guó)去年走了下坡路。去年美國(guó)的GDP絕對(duì)是負(fù)的,增長(zhǎng)率是負(fù)的。從家庭收入來(lái)講,美國(guó)每個(gè)家庭平均年收入是4萬(wàn)多美元,交了稅以后一個(gè)月大約三千美元,用人民幣來(lái)算就是兩萬(wàn)人民幣,如果用1:1.2人民幣來(lái)算,平均一個(gè)家庭一個(gè)月收入就六千人民幣。但是去年又出現(xiàn)一個(gè)股市的損失,美國(guó)股市大約損失5萬(wàn)億美元。所以美國(guó)人均失去的財(cái)富是非常龐大的數(shù)字,一年失去了兩年的全年收入,這個(gè)失去都是在他買的股票里面失去的。美國(guó)人的財(cái)產(chǎn)一個(gè)是房產(chǎn),另外是銀行里面的存款的,再一個(gè)是股市。雖然瘦死的駱駝比馬大,但是全體國(guó)民或多或少出現(xiàn)了財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。

      另外,兩場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng):伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。安南在做聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)期間,公開指出美國(guó)的伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是非法的。聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)雖然不是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,但是他代表國(guó)際組織,說(shuō)話份量很重。美國(guó)立刻報(bào)復(fù),利用他們的關(guān)系在聯(lián)合國(guó)批準(zhǔn)的石油換美元的事情里面搞貓膩,傷害他的道德形象和正派形象。

      這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給美國(guó)帶來(lái)的傷害非常大,還有一場(chǎng)是表面上合法其實(shí)有問(wèn)題的阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。美國(guó)處在非常嚴(yán)峻的狀態(tài)。就是兩個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都打不贏,阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)就是越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。現(xiàn)在資訊非常發(fā)達(dá),美國(guó)政府很多人會(huì)把消息透出來(lái)?,F(xiàn)在的情況一天花3億美元,一年1千個(gè)人死掉,一年2500億美元花在伊拉克、阿富汗和美國(guó)本土的反恐上,2500億乘8就是2萬(wàn)億人民幣,什么概念?就是我們國(guó)家現(xiàn)在全部財(cái)政收入的45%。他現(xiàn)在正在做最后的賭博,賭贏了實(shí)現(xiàn)體面的撤軍,賭不贏還得經(jīng)歷痛苦的撤軍過(guò)程。

      同過(guò)去的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不一樣,朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是聯(lián)合國(guó)授權(quán)的合法戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是主權(quán)國(guó)家要求的(1950年12月23日,美國(guó)與法國(guó)及西貢政權(quán)簽訂關(guān)于軍事援助的正式協(xié)定),所以在國(guó)際上是合法的,但伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是非法的。美國(guó)在阿富汗表面上合法,其實(shí)他不懂恐怖分子的心理??植乐髁x 2 / 12

      有三個(gè)特征,一個(gè)是非法剝奪他人生命;第二個(gè)是攻擊政府,要宣傳他的主張。第三,關(guān)鍵是思想,恐怖主義者同恐怖分子是兩件事情,一個(gè)人非法奪走別人的生命叫恐怖行動(dòng),但恐怖主義有他的一套理論和思想,他們?cè)诜ㄍド线€要批判這些霸權(quán)主義者,他覺得美國(guó)是帝國(guó)主義。如果我們跟著美國(guó),我們的思維美國(guó)化,跟著美國(guó)去反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義,這就有點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單化了。美國(guó)不跟你反對(duì)一切恐怖主義,美國(guó)一定是做一套講一套。美國(guó)現(xiàn)在很痛苦,他無(wú)法一勞永逸地解決這個(gè)恐怖主義。他把恐怖分子打死了,而他的兒子又變成恐怖主義分子了,這樣一來(lái)這個(gè)仗就打不完。這些給了我們中國(guó)在本世紀(jì)有了巨大的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。我們的十六大召開時(shí)是在2002年11月,當(dāng)時(shí)美軍已經(jīng)開打阿富汗了,我們知道他打不好。過(guò)去英國(guó)就沒打好,蘇聯(lián)也沒打好,你這樣進(jìn)去也打不好。美國(guó)還要去打,現(xiàn)在他灰溜溜地準(zhǔn)備走了,這給了我們八年的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì),從2002年到2009年。

      現(xiàn)在奧巴馬面臨困境,由于他的這兩場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打得不仁不義不合法,所以他講話沒有人聽。美國(guó)的主要盟國(guó)堅(jiān)決反對(duì)美國(guó),這在過(guò)去從來(lái)沒有出現(xiàn)過(guò)。俄羅斯肯定反對(duì),中國(guó)也反對(duì),所以跟隨他打伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的30個(gè)國(guó)家基本上不出兵,只出一點(diǎn)錢。所以美國(guó)面臨國(guó)際形象的嚴(yán)重滑坡,60多年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)第一次絕對(duì)滑坡。問(wèn)題是這一次的金融危機(jī)到底有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,大家都不清楚。我們注意到上一次大的金融危機(jī)是1929年到1946年(17年),由于發(fā)生了第二次世界大戰(zhàn),打仗才拉動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì),才使得美國(guó)走出金融危機(jī)的困境?,F(xiàn)在美國(guó)的失業(yè)率超過(guò)10%,說(shuō)明金融危機(jī)較重,經(jīng)濟(jì)情況比較慘。

      還有另外一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題,兩個(gè)國(guó)家在搞核武器。朝鮮搞核武器,伊朗搞核武器,當(dāng)然我們沒有抓到把柄,也沒公開這么說(shuō)。但是很多人認(rèn)為,他們確實(shí)在搞核武器。我們現(xiàn)在最關(guān)心的是中國(guó)國(guó)家主權(quán),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。朝鮮搞核武器不影響中國(guó)戰(zhàn)略,不影響我們對(duì)臺(tái)灣、新疆和西藏的主權(quán)訴求,也不影響我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)代化。這是美國(guó)最關(guān)切的問(wèn)題,他關(guān)切經(jīng)濟(jì)安全、金融危機(jī)、反恐等,這些都不對(duì)我們?cè)斐墒滓耐{,這些是我們可以同美國(guó)合作的一個(gè)方面。美國(guó)為了解決對(duì)他的首要威脅,就必須同一切可以團(tuán)結(jié)的力量合作,包括同中國(guó)的合作,向中國(guó)借錢。

      金融危機(jī)造成的一大問(wèn)題就是銀行倒閉,本來(lái)美國(guó)政府有規(guī)定,美國(guó)老百姓在美國(guó)的各個(gè)銀行儲(chǔ)蓄一個(gè)帳戶是十萬(wàn)美元以下,銀行倒閉以后美國(guó)政府擔(dān)保還給你這個(gè)錢,現(xiàn)在美國(guó)政府宣布不再擔(dān)保。這么多銀行倒閉,那么多人失去財(cái)產(chǎn),美國(guó)政府都給買單,他沒有這么多錢。錢拿不回來(lái),大家也不愿意把錢借給銀行。銀行拿不到錢,銀行的錢也不愿意借給別人,因?yàn)榻杞o你會(huì)不會(huì)還給我都不知道。廠家要向銀行貸款,銀行不知道廠家會(huì)不會(huì)倒閉,你倒閉我只能拍賣企業(yè),我拿回來(lái)的資金是有限的,所以有錢都不敢借,金融就轉(zhuǎn)不起來(lái)。沒有錢向中國(guó)借錢,要不然就自己印美元。中國(guó)為了不讓美國(guó) 3 / 12

      印美元,少印美元,就只好把錢借給他。但是我們很擔(dān)心,因?yàn)槲医杞o你,你又去借給破產(chǎn)公司,被他們拿去分年底紅利。所以我們還得擔(dān)心我們的國(guó)有資產(chǎn)是不是會(huì)被美國(guó)政府合適地使用,負(fù)責(zé)任地使用。美國(guó)這么多年來(lái)沒有碰到過(guò)的這么多的內(nèi)憂外患一起爆發(fā)的局面。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)薩科齊認(rèn)為美國(guó)的這種自由資本主義是不負(fù)責(zé)任的。象法國(guó)的這種國(guó)家資本主義,國(guó)家要管很多事情,雖然不象我們有五年經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃,但是他對(duì)很多東西要干預(yù)的,要監(jiān)管的,是負(fù)責(zé)任的資本主義。他甚至在G20峰會(huì)上直接向美國(guó)挑戰(zhàn)。你不答應(yīng)法國(guó)的一些做法,如加強(qiáng)對(duì)美國(guó)銀行監(jiān)管,那么法國(guó)就不同意一起搞聯(lián)合聲明,所以,資本主義世界的矛盾也是非常深的。

      美國(guó)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)現(xiàn)在有房子住,但是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)住的房子是借錢買的。突然整個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)不運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了,企業(yè)關(guān)閉了,華爾街證券公司也關(guān)閉了,中產(chǎn)階級(jí)從一年20萬(wàn)美元的收入一下子變成只有6千了,儲(chǔ)蓄沒多少,只能賣股票,大家都賣,股票爆跌?,F(xiàn)在還剩房產(chǎn),但房?jī)r(jià)也在下跌,銀行的損失巨大,你銀行貸款還不了,三個(gè)月后銀行就要收回房子,收回來(lái)的房子已經(jīng)不是原來(lái)的價(jià)格了,這樣不僅銀行損失巨大,而且中產(chǎn)階級(jí)也一下子變成了無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí),這就是美國(guó)的狀況。

      在這種情況下,美國(guó)人選奧巴馬當(dāng)總統(tǒng),如果沒有內(nèi)憂外患這兩件事情:金融危機(jī)和兩場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),奧巴馬是當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)的。美國(guó)的白人還是比較傲慢,看不起他。今天讓他成功登上總統(tǒng)寶座,明天也可能把他拉下來(lái)。如果美國(guó)人持續(xù)失業(yè),經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)下滑,接下來(lái)共產(chǎn)黨、社會(huì)黨,各種各樣的黨就會(huì)來(lái)了,就想要推翻資本主義制度。所以?shī)W巴馬要做的是,與其讓你們來(lái)推翻,還不如我自己來(lái)改良。改良的第一條,就是拿政府的錢來(lái)救你的企業(yè),企業(yè)活了,失業(yè)率就會(huì)下降。但是有一條企業(yè)高管不得拿獎(jiǎng)金。即使發(fā),一年也不能超過(guò)20萬(wàn)美元,就只能發(fā)你原來(lái)的一百分之一。另外,對(duì)這么多“房奴”怎么辦,與其讓房市崩潰,美國(guó)的制度崩潰,還不如現(xiàn)在不還錢也讓“房奴”繼續(xù)住,克服一切困難以后,讓他們慢慢還,不要把他們推向無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)。所以?shī)W巴馬這次搞社會(huì)改良,向歐洲的國(guó)家資本主義學(xué)習(xí)。政府借錢給你的,那就是政府參股了。資本主義越來(lái)越走到高級(jí)階段,政府要調(diào)節(jié)干預(yù),其實(shí)是保護(hù)弱勢(shì)群體。

      在這樣的背景下奧巴馬到中國(guó)來(lái)訪問(wèn)。今年已經(jīng)來(lái)了幾位高官,走的時(shí)候感謝中國(guó)政府,繼續(xù)保持人民幣有彈性的靈活的匯率增值。然而美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)在參議院的聽證會(huì)上說(shuō):我的總統(tǒng)說(shuō)了,中國(guó)在操縱匯率,那么我們要用美國(guó)法律給我們各種工具來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,就是制裁中國(guó)。中國(guó)政府立刻回應(yīng),這個(gè)話說(shuō)的不符合事實(shí)。

      中國(guó)現(xiàn)在一年向美國(guó)賣三千億東西,如果人民幣再升值,那么出去的同樣?xùn)|西就變成四千億美元。4 / 12

      美國(guó)人買同樣的東西,一年就要多付一千億美元。由于我們的東西便宜,美國(guó)的弱勢(shì)群體專買中國(guó)的東西,這樣他們本來(lái)要瀕臨崩潰的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況還可以對(duì)付下去,所以我們這種做法是保護(hù)了美國(guó)。不管是民主黨執(zhí)政還是共和黨執(zhí)政,他都要到中國(guó)來(lái)大量地采購(gòu)和外包,這對(duì)中國(guó)有好處,使得我們千百萬(wàn)人能夠上崗,這是互利互惠的。如美國(guó)人既要便宜東西過(guò)去,又不希望他的工作崗位轉(zhuǎn)移到中國(guó)來(lái),然后大家就博弈,不能博弈的,他就制裁我們,我們就報(bào)復(fù)他,最后大家都吃虧。所以大家非常清楚,就是一定要保護(hù)好這樣一種互利的關(guān)系,對(duì)于說(shuō)中國(guó)對(duì)人民幣匯率的操縱,我們是不能承認(rèn)的。奧巴當(dāng)時(shí)為了當(dāng)總統(tǒng),說(shuō)了那樣的話,是為了爭(zhēng)取美國(guó)的藍(lán)領(lǐng)同情他,作為一個(gè)有色人種競(jìng)選總統(tǒng),他需要大量選票。胡主席給他打電話,他說(shuō)那不是我做總統(tǒng)時(shí)講的話,是我在總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選時(shí)講的話。第二,我們正在制定評(píng)估有些國(guó)家有沒有操縱匯率,我們希望雙方合作。也就是正式評(píng)估的時(shí)候你給我做點(diǎn)事情,但是我會(huì)做出一個(gè)對(duì)你有利的結(jié)果。就是這樣一個(gè)博弈。

      美國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)后來(lái)到中國(guó)訪問(wèn),到北大做了演講,很客氣,真是學(xué)乖了,他在報(bào)告中說(shuō)中國(guó)沒有操縱匯率。但是我們希望中國(guó)繼續(xù)按照靈活的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的原則,把它的匯率能夠做得更加市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)化。這個(gè)財(cái)長(zhǎng)在北大做演講的最后,用中文講“中美應(yīng)該相互學(xué)習(xí),相互幫助,共同提高”。

      再后來(lái)美國(guó)眾議院的議長(zhǎng)(美國(guó)眾議院議長(zhǎng)南希·佩洛西女士訪問(wèn),2003年1月起任美國(guó)眾議院民主黨領(lǐng)袖,2007年1月首次當(dāng)選眾議院議長(zhǎng),2009年獲連任)十多年來(lái)第一次來(lái)華訪問(wèn)。十多年來(lái)她年年都要跟我們鬧點(diǎn)事,這次來(lái)中國(guó),美國(guó)主流媒體都報(bào)道了這一消息,幾乎所有報(bào)道都提到了佩洛西“反華”的歷史,緊盯著這位“反華”議長(zhǎng)是否會(huì)在訪問(wèn)期間就人權(quán)、西藏等問(wèn)題上向中國(guó)施壓。佩洛西被普遍視為是對(duì)中國(guó)最為嚴(yán)厲和最為公開的批評(píng)者。(上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代,她一直反對(duì)中美貿(mào)易關(guān)系正?;ツ暧趾粲醪际部偨y(tǒng)抵制北京奧運(yùn)。美國(guó)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》則稱,佩洛西的訪問(wèn)本身就“令人驚訝”,因?yàn)樗恢痹谌藱?quán)問(wèn)題上攻擊中國(guó),在去年拉薩事件后,她還公開會(huì)見了**。)與18年前佩洛西訪華時(shí)相比,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)了10倍,奧巴馬總統(tǒng)正在從氣候問(wèn)題到應(yīng)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退等問(wèn)題上尋求與中國(guó)的合作。而且《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》注意到了奧巴馬政府在人權(quán)問(wèn)題上的變化,稱雖然奧巴馬政府上臺(tái)只有幾個(gè)月,但目前為止它已經(jīng)淡化了人權(quán)問(wèn)題在美中關(guān)系中的重要角色。今年2月份美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿希拉里訪問(wèn)中國(guó)時(shí),很少公開談到這個(gè)問(wèn)題,而是專注于經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。此次佩洛西訪華只有一個(gè)目的,就是中美環(huán)保經(jīng)濟(jì)能源合作,(佩洛西女士到清華發(fā)表了演講,并與清華同學(xué)進(jìn)行了交流。)

      吳邦國(guó)委員長(zhǎng)去美國(guó)訪問(wèn),美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)第一次在大廳里面設(shè)宴宴請(qǐng)吳邦國(guó),這是一百多年來(lái)第一次,在他們辦公的地方設(shè)國(guó)宴。希拉里發(fā)表歡迎詞,說(shuō)希望吳邦國(guó)委員長(zhǎng)到美國(guó)首都,充滿著對(duì)他友好熱 5 / 12

      愛的心情,這么多年來(lái)這屆美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人講出來(lái)的話最溫暖。

      中美關(guān)系中,從中國(guó)來(lái)講堅(jiān)持三件大事,第一,你不反共,支持共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第二,要尊重我國(guó)主權(quán)。第三,不要逼我人民幣升值。而美國(guó)跟我們談的事情更多一點(diǎn)。第一要借錢;第二阿富汗問(wèn)題希望中國(guó)做點(diǎn)事,中國(guó)能不能不光幫美國(guó)和阿富汗一起訓(xùn)練阿富汗的警察,這些警察今天做警察明天回家去,做警察的時(shí)候還吸毒。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在正在幫助訓(xùn)練阿富汗的警察,但是我們的軍人不去,警察不去,我們把他們弄到中國(guó)來(lái)進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。同時(shí)美國(guó)希望我們能不能出動(dòng)飛虎隊(duì),我們堅(jiān)決不去。本來(lái)是美國(guó)的霸權(quán)主義同基地的恐怖主義兩惡相爭(zhēng),我們沒有必要去得罪一方,幫另外一方。除此以外,美國(guó)希望我們對(duì)制止朝鮮核武器的發(fā)展要加把力,讓我們少買伊朗石油。我們只同意對(duì)伊朗進(jìn)行核技術(shù)和導(dǎo)彈的制裁,但是我們要買以伊朗的石油。我們現(xiàn)在是第三大從伊朗進(jìn)口石油的國(guó)家,如果中國(guó)跟美國(guó)好,伊朗一生氣不給石油怎么辦?或者說(shuō)我們追隨美國(guó)不要伊朗石油了,體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)所要求的我們是一個(gè)“負(fù)責(zé)任”的國(guó)際形象,但是我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)就不要發(fā)展了?所以,這里邊有雙邊的、中美之間的,也有多邊的涉及到第三方的利益等等。

      這次發(fā)表的中美聯(lián)合聲明有6400多字,本來(lái)中國(guó)要竭力把它弄成中美第四個(gè)公報(bào),但沒有成功。兩國(guó)之間的法律文件是分等次,最重要的是法,如果是一個(gè)法,中美之間有一個(gè)文件,然后被美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)批準(zhǔn),那就是美國(guó)的法了,那是最高的,很可惜一個(gè)也沒有,只有美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)了一個(gè)臺(tái)灣關(guān)系法,那是沒有跟中國(guó)商量,自說(shuō)自話,而且又不是幫助中國(guó)統(tǒng)一,幫助中國(guó)繁榮發(fā)展,是威脅我們,有可能用武力干涉我的主權(quán),所以中國(guó)堅(jiān)決不能接受。但是美國(guó)說(shuō)我是法制國(guó)家,法是最高的。但中國(guó)說(shuō)國(guó)內(nèi)法要服從國(guó)際法,國(guó)際法最高的在二戰(zhàn)以后,國(guó)際法的法源,就是聯(lián)合國(guó)一切法的根源來(lái)自那個(gè)地方,這里邊一定有尊重國(guó)家法權(quán)。但美國(guó)說(shuō)自己是法制國(guó)家,只有國(guó)際法服從我美國(guó)的法,哪有我的法要聽國(guó)際法的,沒這個(gè)道理。對(duì)此我們不能接受。我們加入WTO,都是把國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)改成跟WTO一致。也就是任何國(guó)際法存在的理由都是維護(hù)我的國(guó)家利益,或者是兩邊要調(diào)適,我們有些地方作出妥協(xié),你們也要妥協(xié),大家都妥協(xié)。

      法和規(guī),都是法。一個(gè)是高位的,一個(gè)是低位的。全國(guó)人大定的是法,國(guó)務(wù)院制定的是規(guī),國(guó)務(wù)院不可以制定規(guī),但這個(gè)規(guī)是法的一部分,是低級(jí)的法,不需要人大通過(guò),但法律意義是法。中美建交公報(bào)1979年1月1日的是規(guī),是美國(guó)行政部門同中國(guó)行政部門,雙方?jīng)]有立法權(quán)的兩個(gè)部門定的一個(gè)規(guī)。但中國(guó)認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)國(guó)際法意義上的規(guī),所以是國(guó)際規(guī)。所以美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法必須要服從國(guó)際法,這是第三個(gè)公報(bào)。第一個(gè)公報(bào)是1972年在上海雙方發(fā)布的中美上海公報(bào)。第二個(gè),就是1982年8月17日 6 / 12

      中美通過(guò)的一個(gè)關(guān)于美國(guó)售臺(tái)武器的限制的公報(bào)。美國(guó)是三個(gè)公報(bào)加一個(gè)法,那就是與臺(tái)灣關(guān)系法,我們不太聽,我們覺得這是干涉中國(guó)內(nèi)政。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在回答一個(gè)學(xué)生提問(wèn)的時(shí)候,我們提了一個(gè)問(wèn)題,就是在網(wǎng)上有一個(gè)臺(tái)商提出,“美國(guó)向臺(tái)灣賣武器,是會(huì)影響兩岸之間和平的”。我們念給他聽,然后他就說(shuō)了,美國(guó)會(huì)處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他沒有直接回答,因?yàn)樗隙ㄟ€要賣。

      我們想搞第四個(gè)公報(bào),就是把你的手腳用另外一個(gè)文件捆起來(lái),奧巴馬很狡猾,他說(shuō)不行,我們只能搞聯(lián)合聲明。聯(lián)合聲明沒有規(guī)的法律意義,今天講明天就會(huì)失效。江主席訪問(wèn)美國(guó)的時(shí)候同美國(guó)聯(lián)合發(fā)布的聲明沒有法律意義,小布什和克林頓訪問(wèn)中國(guó)的時(shí)候跟我們聯(lián)合發(fā)布的聲明,有意義,但是沒有用,明天就可以忘掉的。只有法律是永存不變的。所以我們要用法來(lái)限制美國(guó)。奧巴馬在中美雙邊關(guān)系,地區(qū)和全球問(wèn)題,可持續(xù)發(fā)展環(huán)保等等談了很多問(wèn)題。第一個(gè),就是現(xiàn)在引起爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題,我們把這么多年來(lái)美國(guó)公開不愿意承認(rèn)的,跟我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人吃飯的時(shí)候私下里答應(yīng)的事情要奧巴馬寫在紙上。

      比如:江主席最后一次訪問(wèn)美國(guó),到布什家里去,然后召開記者招待會(huì),布什又講了,我們討論臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題,美國(guó)的意思是維持現(xiàn)狀。江主席就希望你在外面跟我講你剛才在跟我里面講的話,他就不肯講,他要留一手。江主席用了一個(gè)非傳統(tǒng)的做法,他說(shuō)剛才他在里面講反對(duì)臺(tái)獨(dú)。美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院副發(fā)言人說(shuō)不支持臺(tái)獨(dú),不等于反對(duì)臺(tái)獨(dú),這是兩件事情,你不要自作多情。布什基本是老實(shí)人,江主席一說(shuō)他就沒話說(shuō),他沒說(shuō)江主席這么說(shuō)是沒禮貌的。

      溫家寶總理,在江主席訪問(wèn)以后2004年年底在白宮見小布什總統(tǒng),溫家寶講話講的很重,他說(shuō)臺(tái)灣是我們的核心領(lǐng)域,不是美國(guó)的核心利益。為了保衛(wèi)我們的核心利益,我們不惜付出一切努力和代價(jià)。你美國(guó)有沒有必要為了一個(gè)不是你核心利益的問(wèn)題同中國(guó)攤牌?就這么直接談。中國(guó)的實(shí)力比伊朗、伊拉克、朝鮮、古巴、蘇丹等美國(guó)講的七個(gè)流氓國(guó)家加起來(lái)還要強(qiáng),你有必要有能力同這樣大的一個(gè)力量進(jìn)行對(duì)抗嗎?講得小布什很受震動(dòng),接下來(lái)開記者招待會(huì),美國(guó)總統(tǒng)公開宣布反對(duì)臺(tái)獨(dú)。他講最近臺(tái)灣領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有臺(tái)獨(dú)想法,對(duì)此美國(guó)表示反對(duì)。他沒有直接說(shuō)美國(guó)政府反對(duì),他把一句話拆成兩句講。溫總理很激動(dòng),這是美國(guó)政府在中美建交以后第一次這樣說(shuō)。溫總理一回到大使館就會(huì)見中資、中國(guó)外交部門。中國(guó)在那邊的留學(xué)生、訪問(wèn)學(xué)者都激動(dòng)的不得了,吼叫我贏了。這么多年跟美國(guó)斗爭(zhēng),就是要斗出這句話來(lái)。因?yàn)殛愃馔苿?dòng)臺(tái)獨(dú)太厲害,有些東西中國(guó)可以讓美國(guó),不是什么都能讓美國(guó)的,臺(tái)灣是我們的核心利益,如果損害我們的國(guó)家統(tǒng)一,我們是解決不答應(yīng)的。美國(guó)想來(lái)想去,中國(guó)沒有對(duì)美國(guó)構(gòu)成威脅。所以小布什用英語(yǔ)里面流氓的話罵陳水扁,臺(tái)灣的聯(lián)合報(bào)登出來(lái)了,就說(shuō)美國(guó) 7 / 12

      總統(tǒng)罵我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。這些問(wèn)題非常敏感。

      這次奧巴馬訪華,我們想把美國(guó)私下跟我們吃飯時(shí)候講過(guò)的,過(guò)去從來(lái)不肯講的話全寫下來(lái),寫到什么地步?中國(guó)要求美方按照中美關(guān)系的三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)的準(zhǔn)則,來(lái)認(rèn)真謹(jǐn)慎地處理與臺(tái)灣關(guān)系和臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō)美國(guó)承認(rèn)臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)的一部分,你賣武器給中國(guó)的一部分,顯然是干預(yù)內(nèi)政,那么你諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者有沒有講理講法。這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的思維。奧巴馬回國(guó)五天以后,原來(lái)美國(guó)駐上海總理事,美國(guó)在臺(tái)協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng),五天以后要到臺(tái)灣見馬英九等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人,安慰臺(tái)灣說(shuō)美國(guó)對(duì)臺(tái)灣關(guān)系一點(diǎn)沒有變。臺(tái)灣民進(jìn)黨黨首激動(dòng)了,他說(shuō)這是損害臺(tái)灣的主權(quán),因?yàn)槲覀儾皇侵袊?guó)一部分,你這么說(shuō)是你把我們臺(tái)灣放在中國(guó)的關(guān)系里邊,而且是你們兩家來(lái)討論我的命運(yùn),我的命運(yùn)不是你們背后可以決定的。

      根據(jù)我們的理解,中美三個(gè)公報(bào)說(shuō)臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)一部分,這是自作多情的說(shuō)法。根據(jù)他的說(shuō)法和解釋,上海公報(bào)說(shuō)中國(guó)政府認(rèn)為世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó),那就是中華人民共和國(guó),臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分,美國(guó)說(shuō)住在這個(gè)大陸的上的人是中國(guó)人,住在臺(tái)灣的人是中國(guó)人,他說(shuō)這兩個(gè)人都是中國(guó)人,就是臺(tái)灣海峽兩岸的中國(guó)人都說(shuō)世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó),這是你說(shuō)的,我沒有支持,但是我也沒有反對(duì),不反對(duì)不代表支持。再有一個(gè),還是沒有解決誰(shuí)是老大的問(wèn)題。我們認(rèn)為美國(guó)只要不反對(duì)臺(tái)灣跟大陸合起來(lái)是中國(guó),有這個(gè)立場(chǎng)那也是一個(gè)進(jìn)步了。上海公報(bào)這么說(shuō)的,中文版,還是前面套話,世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó),那就是中華人民共和國(guó),臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割一部分。但是注意,我們從來(lái)不說(shuō)臺(tái)灣是中華人民共和國(guó)不可分割的一部分,我們只說(shuō)臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。因?yàn)橐徽f(shuō)中華人民共和國(guó),大家馬上就不同意了。中文版繼續(xù)讀下去,美國(guó)承認(rèn)中方立場(chǎng)。英文版不是這樣的,美國(guó)認(rèn)知中國(guó)的立場(chǎng),是中方利用了英文里邊的一詞多意,翻成是承認(rèn)。美國(guó)知道中方這么做,美國(guó)對(duì)此不持異議。我們只能把中美建交的四原則縮小成三原則。荷蘭賣武器給臺(tái)灣,我們把大使撤回,荷蘭換領(lǐng)導(dǎo)向我們道歉。但是美國(guó)賣了多少武器,我們從來(lái)沒有關(guān)閉過(guò)大使館,既沒關(guān)閉過(guò)這里的,也沒關(guān)閉過(guò)那里的,也沒有說(shuō)這是降低外交關(guān)系,因?yàn)檫@里頭的利益太大。我們有很大的合作的利益,有得利的地方,但是也有很大的爭(zhēng)議。美國(guó)說(shuō),我們從來(lái)只承認(rèn)我們認(rèn)知中方立場(chǎng),對(duì)于所謂的承認(rèn)接受,他安慰臺(tái)灣我們從來(lái)沒有接受過(guò)一個(gè)中國(guó)。因?yàn)槲覀冝D(zhuǎn)過(guò)的實(shí)力越來(lái)越大,美國(guó)總統(tǒng)一邊跟我們說(shuō)了,一邊又派一個(gè)地位不如總統(tǒng)高的人,讓他去安慰臺(tái)灣,讓臺(tái)灣感到一定的平衡和舒服,這就是美國(guó)目前玩的手法。

      我們?cè)賮?lái)看國(guó)家層面的影響。原計(jì)劃在日本兩天訪問(wèn)時(shí)間,美國(guó)基地出現(xiàn)刺殺事件,總統(tǒng)推遲一 8 / 12

      天訪問(wèn),日本縮減為一天,中國(guó)三天,所以日本覺得很不平衡。

      上海有同學(xué)問(wèn),你是不是用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等等。他說(shuō):說(shuō)老實(shí)話,我不用。奧巴馬非常聰明,我太忙了哪有時(shí)間用。但是我不反對(duì)人家用,而且我也聽了很多意見。他手段比較高,很委婉,但是還是表達(dá)了這個(gè)東西,就是聽意見是好事。包括他跟胡主席同記者的見面會(huì)上,他還是很婉轉(zhuǎn)地講,布什總統(tǒng)2001年說(shuō)聯(lián)邦大學(xué)的工作人員都是美國(guó)的工人階級(jí),他說(shuō)我相信一個(gè)政治不開放的國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是有限度的,他的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不可能無(wú)限地成長(zhǎng)。潛臺(tái)詞是,中國(guó)別太得意,現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)搞的不錯(cuò),但是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是有限度的,因?yàn)檎问欠忾]的。他也沒點(diǎn)中國(guó)名,但他這么說(shuō)。

      奧巴馬這次訪華在上海的行程是星期天晚上到上海,星期一見市領(lǐng)導(dǎo),然后到浦東科技館,下午到北京,晚上赴胡主席宴會(huì)。第二天,雙方會(huì)談,談完以后開記者招待會(huì),還有一個(gè)參觀長(zhǎng)城,頭一天還忙里偷閑地去參觀故宮,大致是這樣一個(gè)行程。在聯(lián)合聲明里面中方拿到了我們多年來(lái)在美國(guó)私下非正式的東西,應(yīng)該說(shuō)我們大獲全勝。出乎我們意料,全世界都很出乎意料,奧巴馬到中國(guó)怎么這么軟。其實(shí),奧巴馬可能會(huì)認(rèn)為對(duì)中國(guó)不是一次會(huì)談就能搞定的。你看他已經(jīng)多次同胡主席進(jìn)行會(huì)談,今年4月1日在倫敦,之后在G20的第二次峰會(huì),明年胡主席回訪美國(guó),我想那時(shí)候應(yīng)該是國(guó)事訪問(wèn)。所以他把這個(gè)作為一個(gè)過(guò)程,但在同時(shí)給中國(guó)戴高帽子,帽子戴的非常之高。就是美國(guó)民間提出G2,中國(guó)不接受,這次美國(guó)總統(tǒng)同中國(guó)人大常委會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)和溫總理都有會(huì)見,我們不接受G2。但是我們感覺美國(guó)已經(jīng)內(nèi)心上把中國(guó)作為一個(gè)不對(duì)稱的不平等的G2成員對(duì)待了,也就是把你的地位已經(jīng)提高了。

      舉一個(gè)例子,奧巴馬現(xiàn)在在全球推行六個(gè)議程,包括:零核武器、全球氣侯變化談判、反恐怖主義等等。明年4月份要召開一個(gè)會(huì)議,名單里面有30幾個(gè)國(guó)家,美國(guó)第一個(gè)邀請(qǐng)的是胡主席,放在4月份,你定好哪一天,我再通知其它各國(guó)。象日本、德國(guó),就不是跟你商量了,而是你愛來(lái)不來(lái)不管。對(duì)胡主席則是,我給你半年的時(shí)間,你總歸可以把時(shí)間調(diào)出來(lái)。這個(gè)我相信美國(guó)是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的,他認(rèn)為中國(guó)事情最多,中國(guó)最忙,他避開你3月份的“兩會(huì)”,所以我想這個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在是對(duì)中國(guó)的尊重。這次雖然只拿了一個(gè)聯(lián)合聲明,沒拿到聯(lián)合公報(bào),但是這是當(dāng)前中美關(guān)系中能拿到的最主要的東西。

      到底臺(tái)灣是不是中國(guó)的一部分,現(xiàn)在這個(gè)分歧已經(jīng)公開化了。另外,去年布什總統(tǒng)下臺(tái)之前賣了臺(tái)灣一批軍火,陳水扁的綠派控制著行政院,國(guó)民黨的泛藍(lán)控制著立法權(quán),在這八年里面臺(tái)灣沒有買到一個(gè)武器。

      / 12

      老布什總統(tǒng)在下臺(tái)前,賣了150架F16戰(zhàn)機(jī),一個(gè)是為了給自己連任得克薩斯州鋪路,結(jié)果還是輸了,但是他給克林頓帶來(lái)了好處,克林頓上來(lái)不需要賣武器,美國(guó)兩黨斗爭(zhēng)兩黨還配合。奧巴馬上臺(tái)以后,去年賣了武器以后,美軍同我們的解放軍的兩軍高級(jí)的交流就停止了。我本來(lái)要參加中美高層的軍方對(duì)話,也終止了,要到下個(gè)月在北京才能恢復(fù)。一直到幾個(gè)星期以前,副總長(zhǎng)率高級(jí)軍官代表團(tuán)去美國(guó)訪問(wèn),10月份拖到11月。胡主席明年要去,如果在去之前又賣一批武器,那馬上不一樣。但是聽說(shuō)美國(guó)要調(diào)整策略,將來(lái)是多批次小數(shù)量,把一批幾十億美元拆成幾批,不斷地賣,每一批數(shù)量不多,但是讓你發(fā)不了火,他又在改變一些策略。很顯然現(xiàn)在國(guó)民黨同時(shí)控制著行政院,這時(shí)候國(guó)民黨采購(gòu)美國(guó)武器,沒有制度上的困難。當(dāng)然我們也不怕,我們的第四臺(tái)戰(zhàn)機(jī)再隔一段時(shí)間就出臺(tái)了。美國(guó)又不敢向臺(tái)灣賣F22、F25。

      **的問(wèn)題,是我們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的。我們講話講的非常之重,但是還是有可能在奧巴馬回國(guó)以后,用一種方式會(huì)見**。因?yàn)槲覀儼言捴v的很重,現(xiàn)在大家都很難辦。如果他堅(jiān)持見,我們?cè)趺崔k,前面講的要不要兌現(xiàn)。你傷他就是傷自己,中美之間相互關(guān)系非常依賴。你的軍人不過(guò)去,你也沒有了解他,對(duì)你也不利。另外一個(gè),我們能不能鎮(zhèn)住他,他有他的基本的選民人群。他的選民群,就是迷信**,西方的老百姓對(duì)美國(guó)官員的壓力很大。比如我到圣路易斯出差,機(jī)場(chǎng)上廣告牌上都是**,農(nóng)村里面的稻田邊的廣告牌上也是**。**走到了美國(guó)農(nóng)村,這些人看到他光著膀子,是個(gè)和尚,始終在笑,始終講非暴力,覺得挺好,所以**在占領(lǐng)美國(guó)市場(chǎng)。我們認(rèn)為他是分裂國(guó)家的人,西方跟我們的想法不一樣,他們都說(shuō)我支持他不是支持西藏獨(dú)立。他說(shuō)西藏是中國(guó)一部分,但我們說(shuō)他是口是心非,他實(shí)際上的行動(dòng)是要搞西藏獨(dú)立。這是一個(gè)比較重大的分歧。

      再講一個(gè)人民幣升值。其實(shí)現(xiàn)在美國(guó)處境我們還是看不懂,他的股市上升,他的實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有上升,實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)是第三季度有3%的上升,可以看看第四季度上不上升。實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)上升以后,才有更多的人上崗,美國(guó)的失業(yè)率才會(huì)下降。這是一種好的可能,但是也有可能繼續(xù)出現(xiàn)不利的情況,所以不好說(shuō)。但中國(guó)是世界上大家非??春玫?,八年里面花了兩年的人民幣在市場(chǎng)上五千億人民幣流動(dòng),市場(chǎng)上錢很多,這樣一來(lái)看不出什么蕭條危機(jī),店里到處都是人,我們靠這種強(qiáng)行輸血,硬是把這一年撐起來(lái),肯定不可持續(xù)的。如果我們接下來(lái)救回來(lái)了,那么萬(wàn)事大吉。所以整個(gè)世界還有相當(dāng)?shù)牟淮_定性,但確定的事情是,美國(guó)犯嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤的這個(gè)階段結(jié)束了。美國(guó)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)希望重整國(guó)力和國(guó)家形象的正面階段。所以?shī)W巴馬要同世界各國(guó)對(duì)話,承認(rèn)對(duì)股票的政策是錯(cuò)誤的,同伊朗、緬甸關(guān)系還在改善。給我們帶來(lái)了壓力。緬甸是我們的奶酪,為了改善同美國(guó)的關(guān)系,緬甸軍政府在果敢最近動(dòng)了我 10 / 12

      們一下,果敢是我們的奶酪,本來(lái)是中國(guó)的,但是劃邊界的時(shí)候我們送給他了,但是那邊住的人還是中國(guó)人。我們很生氣,你要改善同美國(guó)關(guān)系,你別這么傷害我們這邊的華人。所以我們跟他之間進(jìn)入新的一輪博弈。

      總體評(píng)價(jià)奧巴馬訪華,我想應(yīng)該是成功的,是多年來(lái)歷屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)訪華里面,中方得利比較多的一次。一個(gè),這同中國(guó)國(guó)力上升有很大關(guān)系。4.4萬(wàn)億美元,用過(guò)去2000年到08年我們實(shí)現(xiàn)翻兩番,從1萬(wàn)億美元到4萬(wàn)億美元,這是希望我們?cè)?0年里面做到的,我們8年里面做到20年要做的事。社會(huì)主義小康達(dá)到了,接下來(lái)是進(jìn)入高級(jí)階段。當(dāng)然我們市場(chǎng)不均衡發(fā)展,生態(tài)、環(huán)保等各種各樣的事情很多,還有很多要去補(bǔ)課,所以不僅僅是兩個(gè)GDP的數(shù)字表現(xiàn)出的,是整體的。按照過(guò)去的8年不可持續(xù)的發(fā)展模式,如果再來(lái)個(gè)8年,再來(lái)兩翻意味著2016年我們拿到4千億多少萬(wàn)億美元,而美國(guó)絕對(duì)不可能經(jīng)過(guò)8年時(shí)間,他可以從14.4走到18萬(wàn)億,他做不到的,而我們不一定做不到。造成的后果是青藏高原的冰山積雪融化,大量的燒煤,我們購(gòu)買石油太多,因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)太猛烈,我們獲得更多的國(guó)家財(cái)富去發(fā)展軍力,威脅臺(tái)獨(dú)有更大力量。但另外一點(diǎn)馬六甲海峽越來(lái)越重要。我們從緬甸拉一條輸油管線,使得中國(guó)將來(lái)的油船可以少走這些國(guó)際危險(xiǎn)水域。這就得跟緬甸搞好關(guān)系。我們對(duì)世界的依賴越大,我們?cè)谑澜缟嫌梦覀兊囊庵舅茉靹e人對(duì)我們友好的行為可能變大,但同時(shí)我們的脆弱性變大,也就是說(shuō)中國(guó)越來(lái)越和平,和平的原因是因?yàn)槲覀兊拇嗳酢?/p>

      胡主席同奧巴馬講,哥本哈根的聯(lián)合國(guó)關(guān)于氣侯變化的峰會(huì)要開,現(xiàn)在看著美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是不是去開,我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不說(shuō)我們會(huì)不會(huì)去開,先看。小布什領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的美國(guó)從京都議定書退出,現(xiàn)在美國(guó)不想承擔(dān)責(zé)任,他退出。這樣一來(lái)正中中國(guó)下懷,我本來(lái)就沒指標(biāo)?,F(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題他說(shuō)要變,要減排,但是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員不答應(yīng)。中國(guó)的財(cái)富產(chǎn)出還是美國(guó)三分之一,但是我們消耗能源已經(jīng)跟美國(guó)的距離在縮小。美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)認(rèn)為如果中國(guó)不減排,而美國(guó)傻乎乎的就他發(fā)展技術(shù),他去減排,GDP下降,美國(guó)人民可以見到的生活水平下降,其實(shí)他的生活從整體的角度來(lái)講生活質(zhì)量上升,但是人都是現(xiàn)實(shí)的。中國(guó)的國(guó)務(wù)院堅(jiān)決反對(duì),如果要我們減排,就意味著我們經(jīng)濟(jì)更減少,GDP下降,就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)減少,共產(chǎn)黨下臺(tái),這怎么可以做呢,這是核心利益,而我們現(xiàn)在的國(guó)力還沒有到我們?cè)敢饣ù罅康腻X做基礎(chǔ)開發(fā)。我們認(rèn)為目前可能還是得不償失,所以我們?cè)趪?guó)際上要分享共同的,但是有區(qū)別的責(zé)任。這個(gè)責(zé)任是這樣的,大家減排是人類共同的,但是要有區(qū)別。你的人均GDP比我高,你的總體國(guó)力比我大,你以前的排放歷史積累比我多,你今天投入技術(shù)的能力比我強(qiáng),你先做,你多做一點(diǎn)。中國(guó)政府也做,我們相對(duì)減排,我們叫緩解,經(jīng)濟(jì)還在保8,如果同比的話你二氧化碳同比是不是增加8%,我們說(shuō)不,可能7%、11 / 12

      6%,絕對(duì)不會(huì)超過(guò)8%。就是我的增排的相對(duì)數(shù)比經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)相對(duì)數(shù)要來(lái)的快,總比不做來(lái)的好。我們什么時(shí)候決定減排,溫總理表態(tài)過(guò),2050年。2050年中國(guó)的GDP可能是現(xiàn)在的十倍,不是四萬(wàn)億,是四十萬(wàn)億美元。日本、韓國(guó)現(xiàn)在都提出,大概到2020年他們退回到1990年,也就是近來(lái)繼續(xù)發(fā)展,但是我能源使用的效率提高,我少用能多辦事,另外少用化石能量,所以能源總量是增加的,但是這些對(duì)人類有害的能源少用一點(diǎn),這也是中國(guó)發(fā)展的方向。所以我們不光是同美國(guó)斗爭(zhēng),我們還要同要求我們減排的發(fā)展中國(guó)家斗爭(zhēng)。同印度不光在**問(wèn)題上是有分歧,同時(shí)同印度要結(jié)成聯(lián)盟,在哥本哈根會(huì)議上要同印度堅(jiān)定地團(tuán)結(jié),抵制發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要求中國(guó)減排的能力。臺(tái)灣在推動(dòng)臺(tái)獨(dú),我們?cè)黾訉?dǎo)彈,臺(tái)灣趕緊讓美國(guó)來(lái)救,總體上來(lái)講我們周邊格局發(fā)展對(duì)我們是不利的,我們同印度的邊界的問(wèn)題,恐怕徹底解決不了。同日本之間關(guān)系現(xiàn)在雙方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人不來(lái)往。這兩年日本經(jīng)濟(jì)不怎么樣,老百姓思想保守,所以在下降。另外一個(gè)中國(guó)三十年不對(duì)外動(dòng)武,由于臺(tái)灣穩(wěn)定,牽制我們的作用沒有發(fā)揮出來(lái),由于我們30年韜光養(yǎng)晦,美國(guó)賣武器給臺(tái)灣,我們做潛艇,臺(tái)灣的鄰海就是我們的鄰海,我們的潛艇埋在里面把他打掉完全是可以的?,F(xiàn)在實(shí)力顯著加強(qiáng),我們軍費(fèi)700億是世界第二大軍費(fèi)大國(guó),美國(guó)是6800億。

      中國(guó)給了美國(guó)8000億美元的貨幣,我們答應(yīng)在未來(lái)的國(guó)庫(kù)券沒有成熟的時(shí)間,8千億美元不投放市場(chǎng)的,這救了美國(guó)。他認(rèn)為這才是最最重要的。多搞幾件武器有什么了不起的,美國(guó)人民上崗就業(yè)要靠中國(guó)和日本去購(gòu)買國(guó)庫(kù)券,而中國(guó)買的比日本還多,這一切解釋了為什么美國(guó)趨向?qū)ξ覀兏雍途彽碾p邊關(guān)系。

      我們還要抓住一個(gè)新的戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期,第一個(gè)戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期是美國(guó)誤打阿富汗,給了我們8年。第二個(gè),他會(huì)不會(huì)誤打伊拉克伊朗。再一個(gè)阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),他能不能避免重復(fù)錯(cuò)誤,就是為了面子不斷地征兵,想著撤兵,但是撤不了,這種痛苦你是看短期利益,還是看長(zhǎng)期利益。就看這個(gè)奧巴馬智慧怎么樣。奧巴馬有很多理想化的東西,說(shuō)實(shí)話真不錯(cuò)。但是理想太高尚,肯定很難做到。他做不到說(shuō)實(shí)話美國(guó)人受苦,世界人受苦。我們也只能是理想主義和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義結(jié)合,希望美國(guó)平安,但是又希望他有點(diǎn)事情。希望我們?cè)僮プ∈陸?zhàn)略機(jī)遇期,這十年我們經(jīng)濟(jì)起碼按照7%翻一番,按照8%是八年翻一番,但如果我們走的更好9%,那就七年翻一番。如果到2020年,只是我們剛趕上2010年的美國(guó),差距就縮小10年。這里面還有人民幣不可兌換購(gòu)買力的影響。

      / 12

      第二篇:奧巴馬訪華上海演講

      2009年11月16日, 首次訪華的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在上??萍疾┪镳^與數(shù)百名中國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)話,在對(duì)話前,奧巴馬發(fā)表了演講。以下為奧巴馬演講的中英文對(duì)照全文。

      PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)奧巴馬總統(tǒng):你們好。能夠有機(jī)會(huì)在上海跟你們大家交談,我深感榮幸。我要感謝復(fù)旦大學(xué)的楊校長(zhǎng),感謝他的款待和熱情的歡迎。我還要感謝我們出色的大使洪博培,他代表了我們兩國(guó)之間的深遠(yuǎn)聯(lián)系和相互尊重。我不知道他剛才說(shuō)什么,但是希望他說(shuō)得不錯(cuò)。(笑聲)

      What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天準(zhǔn)備先做一個(gè)開場(chǎng)白,但我真正希望做的是回答問(wèn)題,不但回答在座的學(xué)生提出的問(wèn)題,同時(shí)也回答從網(wǎng)上提出的一些問(wèn)題,這些問(wèn)題由在座的一些學(xué)生和洪博培大使代為提出。很抱歉,我的中文不如你們的英文,但我期待著這個(gè)和你們對(duì)話的機(jī)會(huì)。

      This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.這是我首次訪問(wèn)中國(guó),看到你們壯麗的國(guó)家,我感到很興奮。在上海,我們看到了全球矚目的發(fā)展——高聳的大廈、繁忙的街道、創(chuàng)業(yè)的動(dòng)態(tài)。這些都是中國(guó)步入21世紀(jì)的跡象,讓我感到贊嘆。同時(shí),我也期盼看到向我們展現(xiàn)中國(guó)悠久歷史的古跡。明天和后天我會(huì)在北京,希望有機(jī)會(huì)看到壯觀的故宮和奇跡般的長(zhǎng)城。的確,這是一個(gè)既有豐富的歷史,又對(duì)未來(lái)的希望充滿信心的國(guó)家。

      The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.我們兩國(guó)的關(guān)系也是如此。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),上海在美中關(guān)系史上是一個(gè)具有重大意義的城市。正是在這里,37年前發(fā)布的《上海公報(bào)》(Shanghai Communique)開啟了我們兩國(guó)政府和兩國(guó)人民接觸交往的新篇章。然而,美國(guó)與這個(gè)城市以及這個(gè)國(guó)家的紐帶可以追溯到更久遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去,直至美國(guó)獨(dú)立初期。

      In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.1784年,我們的建國(guó)之父喬治·華盛頓主持了“中國(guó)女皇號(hào)”(Empress of China)的下水儀式。這條船前往中國(guó)海岸,尋求與清朝通商。華盛頓希望看到這條懸掛美國(guó)國(guó)旗的船前往世界各地,與像中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家締結(jié)新的紐帶。這是通常的美國(guó)人的愿望——希望達(dá)到新的地平線,建立新的、互利的伙伴關(guān)系。

      Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在此后的兩個(gè)世紀(jì)中,歷史洪流使我們兩國(guó)關(guān)系向許多不同的方向發(fā)展,但即使在動(dòng)蕩的歲月中,兩國(guó)人民也抓住機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展了深入的、甚至極不平凡的關(guān)系。例如,美國(guó)人民永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記,二戰(zhàn)期間,美國(guó)飛行員在中國(guó)上空被擊落后,中國(guó)公民冒著失去一切的危險(xiǎn)護(hù)理他們。參加過(guò)二戰(zhàn)的中國(guó)老兵仍然熱情歡迎故地重游的美國(guó)老兵,他們?cè)?jīng)在那里作戰(zhàn),幫助中國(guó)從占領(lǐng)下獲得解放。

      A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.”近40年前,簡(jiǎn)單的乒乓球比賽帶來(lái)了兩國(guó)關(guān)系的解凍,使我們兩國(guó)建立起另一種聯(lián)系。這種接觸令人意外,但卻恰恰促成了其成功,因?yàn)楸M管我們之間存在許多分歧,但是我們共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以從中顯現(xiàn)。正如一位美國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)員在回憶對(duì)中國(guó)的訪問(wèn)時(shí)所說(shuō):“那里的人民和我們一樣……這個(gè)國(guó)家和美國(guó)有許多相似之處,也有很大區(qū)別?!?/p>

      Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.無(wú)須贅言,這個(gè)小小的契機(jī)帶來(lái)了《上海公報(bào)》的問(wèn)世,并最終促使美中兩國(guó)在1979年建立正式外交關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看在此后的30年,我們?nèi)〉昧硕嗝撮L(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展。

      In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年,美中貿(mào)易額約為50億美元,今天,貿(mào)易額已經(jīng)超過(guò)4000億美元。貿(mào)易在許多方面影響著兩國(guó)人民的生活,美國(guó)電腦中的許多元件以及我們身穿的服裝都是從中國(guó)進(jìn)口的,我們向中國(guó)出口你們的工業(yè)需要的機(jī)器。這種貿(mào)易可以在太平洋兩岸創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),讓我們的人民過(guò)上質(zhì)量更高的生活。隨著需求趨于平衡,繁榮的范圍將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。

      In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.1979年,美中之間的政治合作主要立足于雙方共同面對(duì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手蘇聯(lián)。如今我們享有積極的、建設(shè)性的、全面的關(guān)系,為我們?cè)诋?dāng)今時(shí)代的關(guān)鍵性全球問(wèn)題上建立伙伴關(guān)系打開了大門,這些問(wèn)題包括:經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇和清潔能源開發(fā)、制止核武器擴(kuò)散和氣候變化的影響、在亞洲及全球各地促進(jìn)和平與安全。所有這些問(wèn)題都是我明天與胡主席會(huì)談的內(nèi)容。

      And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年,我們兩國(guó)人民的聯(lián)系十分有限。今天,我們看到當(dāng)年乒乓球隊(duì)員的好奇心已經(jīng)化為許多領(lǐng)域的紐帶,中國(guó)留學(xué)生在美國(guó)的人數(shù)名列第二,而在美國(guó)學(xué)生中,學(xué)中文的人數(shù)增加了50%。我們兩國(guó)有近200個(gè)友好城市,把我們的社區(qū)連接在一起。美中科學(xué)家合作進(jìn)行新的研究與發(fā)現(xiàn)。而姚明是我們兩國(guó)人民都熱愛籃球的僅僅一個(gè)標(biāo)志而已——令我遺憾的是,此行中我不能觀看上海大鯊魚隊(duì)的比賽。

      It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.我們兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系相伴著一個(gè)積極變化的時(shí)期,這不是偶然的。中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)了億萬(wàn)人民脫貧,這一成就史無(wú)前例,同時(shí),中國(guó)在全球問(wèn)題中也在發(fā)揮更大的作用。美國(guó)在促使冷戰(zhàn)順利結(jié)束的同時(shí),經(jīng)濟(jì)也取得了增長(zhǎng),人民的生活水平提高。

      There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中國(guó)有句名言:“溫故而知新。”當(dāng)然,過(guò)去30年中我們也曾遇到挫折和挑戰(zhàn),我們的關(guān)系不是沒有分歧和困難。但是,“我們必然是對(duì)手”的概念并非是注定不變的——回顧過(guò)去不會(huì)是這樣。由于我們的合作,美中兩國(guó)都更加繁榮、更加安全。我們已經(jīng)看到我們本著共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

      And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.可是,這種接觸的成功取決于理解,取決于繼續(xù)進(jìn)行開誠(chéng)布公的對(duì)話,相互了解,相互學(xué)習(xí)。正如前面提到的那位美國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)員所說(shuō)——作為人,我們有著許多共同之處,但是我們兩國(guó)在某些方面存在著差別。

      I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我認(rèn)為每個(gè)國(guó)家都必須規(guī)劃自己的前進(jìn)方向。中國(guó)是一個(gè)文明古國(guó),文化深遠(yuǎn)。而美國(guó)相對(duì)而言是一個(gè)年輕的國(guó)家,它的文化由來(lái)自許多不同國(guó)家的移民以及指導(dǎo)我國(guó)民主制度的建國(guó)綱領(lǐng)所形成。這些綱領(lǐng)中提出了對(duì)人類事務(wù)的簡(jiǎn)單明了的矚望,并包含了一些核心原則——不論男女人人生而平等,都享有某些基本權(quán)利;政府應(yīng)當(dāng)反映民意,并對(duì)人民的愿望作出回應(yīng);商貿(mào)應(yīng)該是開放的,信息應(yīng)該自由流通;司法保障應(yīng)該來(lái)自法治而不是人治。

      Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.當(dāng)然,我國(guó)的歷史也并非沒有困難的篇章。在很多方面,在很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里,我們要通過(guò)斗爭(zhēng)去實(shí)現(xiàn)這些原則對(duì)全體人民的承諾,締造一個(gè)更趨完善的聯(lián)邦。我們?cè)蜻^(guò)一場(chǎng)很痛苦的南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),將我國(guó)的一部分人口從奴役下解放出來(lái)。婦女獲得投票權(quán)、勞工贏得組織權(quán)、來(lái)自世界各地的移民得到完全的接納——這些都是經(jīng)過(guò)了一段時(shí)間才實(shí)現(xiàn)的。非洲裔美國(guó)人即使在獲得自由后依然生活在被隔離和不平等的條件下,他們經(jīng)過(guò)不懈努力才最終贏得全面、平等的權(quán)利。

      None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有這些都不曾輕而易舉。但是,由于我們對(duì)這些核心原則的堅(jiān)定信念,我們?nèi)〉昧诉M(jìn)步,這些原則指引我們沖過(guò)了最黑暗的風(fēng)暴。這就是為什么林肯能在南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中挺身而出并宣布,這是一場(chǎng)考驗(yàn)一個(gè)孕育于自由之中、“忠實(shí)于人人生而平等這一原則”的國(guó)家能否永存的斗爭(zhēng)。這也就是為什么馬丁·路德·金博士能夠站立在林肯紀(jì)念堂的臺(tái)階上,要求我們的國(guó)家實(shí)踐自身信仰的真正含義。這也就是為什么來(lái)自從中國(guó)到肯尼亞的各國(guó)移民能夠在我國(guó)的土地上安家;為什么所有努力尋求機(jī)會(huì)的人都能獲得機(jī)會(huì);為什么像我這種在不到50年前在美國(guó)的某些地方連投票都遇到困難的人,現(xiàn)在能夠出任這個(gè)國(guó)家的總統(tǒng)。

      And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.這就是為什么美國(guó)一直在全世界為這些核心原則而大聲疾呼。我們不尋求把任何政治體制強(qiáng)加給任何別的國(guó)家,但是我們也不認(rèn)為我們主張的這些原則是我們國(guó)家所獨(dú)有的。表達(dá)自由和宗教信仰自由——獲得信息和政治參與的自由——我們認(rèn)為這些自由都是普世的權(quán)利,所有人都應(yīng)當(dāng)享有,包括少數(shù)民族和宗教少數(shù)派,不管是在美國(guó)、中國(guó)還是在任何其他國(guó)家。正是對(duì)普世權(quán)利的尊重指導(dǎo)著美國(guó)向其他國(guó)家開放,尊重各種不同的文化,致力于遵守國(guó)際法,并對(duì)未來(lái)抱有信念。

      These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.這些都是你們應(yīng)當(dāng)了解的美國(guó)的情況。我也知道中國(guó)有很多有待我們了解的情況。環(huán)顧一下這座偉大的城市——環(huán)顧一下這個(gè)大廳——我確信我們兩個(gè)國(guó)家有一個(gè)很重要的共同點(diǎn),那就是我們對(duì)未來(lái)的信念。美國(guó)和中國(guó)都不想滿足于已取得的成就,止步不前。雖然中國(guó)是一個(gè)古老的國(guó)家,但你們顯然也對(duì)未來(lái)滿懷信心、雄心和使年輕一代能比這一代人更有作為的決心。

      In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.我們不但欽佩中國(guó)日益增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì),還贊賞你們?cè)诳茖W(xué)研究方面極不平凡的努力——從你們建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施到你們使用的技術(shù),均體現(xiàn)出這種努力。中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是世界上最大的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用國(guó)——這也是我們今天很高興能把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為此次活動(dòng)的一部分的原因。這個(gè)國(guó)家目前擁有世界上最大的移動(dòng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò),它正在投資發(fā)展既能維持可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),又能應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的新型能源——我期待著明天在這個(gè)至關(guān)重要的領(lǐng)域中深化兩國(guó)的合作關(guān)系。然而,最重要的是,我在你們身上看到了中國(guó)的未來(lái)——年輕一代的聰明才智、獻(xiàn)身精神和夢(mèng)想將為塑造21世紀(jì)發(fā)揮巨大作用。

      I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我已說(shuō)過(guò)多次,我相信我們現(xiàn)在的世界是緊密相連的。我們所做的工作,我們所建設(shè)的繁榮,我們所保護(hù)的環(huán)境,以及我們所尋求的安全——所有這一切都是共有的。鑒于這種相互聯(lián)系,在21世紀(jì),權(quán)力不應(yīng)再成為一場(chǎng)零和游戲;一國(guó)的成功發(fā)展不應(yīng)以他國(guó)為代價(jià)。這也就是為什么美國(guó)堅(jiān)決表示我們不謀求遏制中國(guó)的崛起。恰恰相反,我們歡迎中國(guó)成為國(guó)際社會(huì)中一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、繁榮、成功的成員——一個(gè)從你們這樣的每個(gè)中國(guó)人的權(quán)利、實(shí)力和創(chuàng)造力中獲得力量的中國(guó)。

      To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.回到前面提到的那句古語(yǔ)——回顧過(guò)去。我們知道,大國(guó)之間選擇合作而非對(duì)抗會(huì)帶來(lái)更大的惠益。這是人類不斷汲取的一個(gè)教訓(xùn),我們兩國(guó)的關(guān)系史中也不乏其例。我深信,合作必須不止于政府間的合作。合作必須植根于我們的人民——植根于我們共同進(jìn)行的研究,我們的商貿(mào)活動(dòng),我們所學(xué)到的知識(shí),乃至我們的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。這些橋梁必須由你們這樣的年輕人和美國(guó)的年輕人共同構(gòu)筑。

      That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutelyconfident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.因此,我高興地宣布,美國(guó)準(zhǔn)備將在中國(guó)留學(xué)的美國(guó)學(xué)生人數(shù)大幅度增加到10萬(wàn)人。這種交流是對(duì)在我們兩國(guó)人民之間建立聯(lián)系的明確承諾,毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),你們將幫助決定21世紀(jì)的命運(yùn)。我完全相信,對(duì)美·來(lái)說(shuō),再好的使者莫過(guò)于我們的年輕人。因?yàn)樗麄兒湍銈円粯?,才華橫溢,充滿活力,對(duì)有待書寫的歷史篇章充滿樂(lè)觀。

      So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.那么,就讓這個(gè)舉措成為我們穩(wěn)步尋求合作的下一個(gè)步驟,這種合作有利于我們兩國(guó)乃至整個(gè)世界。如果能從今天的對(duì)話中得到一點(diǎn)啟示的話,我希望那就是致力于今后繼續(xù)進(jìn)行這種對(duì)話。

      So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)非常感謝諸位?,F(xiàn)在我希望回答你們大家提出的一些問(wèn)題。非常感謝。(掌聲。)

      第三篇:奧巴馬訪華致辭(中英對(duì)照)

      [馬朝旭]:現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)致辭。

      MODERATOR: Now we would like to give the microphone to President Obama.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.I want to start by thanking President Hu and the Chinese people for the warmth and hospitality that they have shown myself and our delegation since we arrived.We had a wonderful day in Shanghai yesterday, a wonderful discussion with China’s young men and women, and I’m looking forward to the conversations we’ll have and the sights that we’ll see here in Beijing over the next two days.奧巴馬總統(tǒng):下午好。首先我要感謝胡主席和中國(guó)人民從我們到來(lái)后給予我和代表團(tuán)的熱情款待。昨天,我們?cè)谏虾6冗^(guò)了非常愉快的一天,同中國(guó)男女青年進(jìn)行了一次十分愉快的討論。我期待著我們今明兩天將在北京進(jìn)行的會(huì)談和景點(diǎn)參觀。

      We meet here at a time when the relationship between the United States and China has never been more important to our collective future.The major challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to nuclear proliferation to economic recovery, are challenges that touch both our nations, and challenges that neither of our nations can solve by acting alone.我們是在美中關(guān)系對(duì)我們的共同未來(lái)具有前所未有的重要性的時(shí)刻在這里舉行會(huì)晤。21世紀(jì)的各項(xiàng)重大挑戰(zhàn),無(wú)論是氣候變化、核擴(kuò)散還是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,都與我們兩個(gè)國(guó)家相關(guān),而且哪個(gè)國(guó)家都不能通過(guò)單獨(dú)行動(dòng)來(lái)對(duì)付這些挑戰(zhàn)。That’s why the United States welcomes China’s efforts in playing a greater role on the world stage--a role in which a growing economy is joined by growing responsibilities.And that’s why President Hu and I talked about continuing to build a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship between our nations.這就是為什么美國(guó)歡迎中國(guó)努力在世界舞臺(tái)上發(fā)揮更大的作用——這個(gè)作用意味著伴隨經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而增長(zhǎng)的責(zé)任。這也就是為什么胡主席和我都談到要繼續(xù)建立積極合作全面的美中關(guān)系。

      As President Hu indicated, we discussed what’s required to sustain this economic recovery so that economic growth is followed by the creation of new jobs and lasting prosperity.So far China’s partnership has proved critical in our effort to pull ourselves out of the worst recession in generations.如胡主席所說(shuō),我們討論了要使經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇持續(xù)所必須采取的措施,以便使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)持久繁榮。迄今,與中國(guó)的伙伴關(guān)系被證明在我們?yōu)閿[脫幾代人以來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的衰退所作的努力中至關(guān)重要。

      Going forward, we agreed to advance the pledge made at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh and pursue a strategy of more balanced economic growth--a strategy where America saves more, spends less, reduces our long-term debt, and where China makes adjustments across a broad range of policies to rebalance its economy and spur domestic demand.This will lead to increased U.S.exports and jobs, on the one hand, and higher living standards in China on the other.展望未來(lái),我們同意推進(jìn)我們?cè)谄テ澅?0國(guó)集團(tuán)峰會(huì)上所作的保證,實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)更平衡增長(zhǎng)的策略。根據(jù)這一策略,美國(guó)要增加儲(chǔ)蓄,降低消費(fèi),減少長(zhǎng)期債務(wù),而中國(guó)則要進(jìn)行各項(xiàng)政策調(diào)整以平衡經(jīng)濟(jì),刺激內(nèi)需。這樣,將一方面增加美國(guó)的出口和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),另一方面提高中國(guó)的生活水平。

      As President Hu indicated, we also agreed that maintaining open market and free flows of commerce in both our nations will contribute to our shared prosperity.And I was pleased to note the Chinese commitment, made in past statements, to move toward a more market-oriented exchange rate over time.I emphasized in our discussions, and have others in the region, that doing so based on economic fundamentals would make an essential contribution to the global rebalancing effort.如胡主席所說(shuō),我們還一致認(rèn)為,保持我們兩國(guó)市場(chǎng)的開放和商貿(mào)的自由流通將能增進(jìn)我們的共同繁榮。我很高興地注意到,中國(guó)多次表示了對(duì)逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)在更大程度上由市場(chǎng)決定匯率的承諾。我在雙方以及在與地區(qū)其他各方的討論中強(qiáng)調(diào),這樣按照基本經(jīng)濟(jì)原理行事將是對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的重新平衡的重大貢獻(xiàn)。President Hu and I also made progress on the issue of climate change.As the two largest consumers and producers of energy, there can be no solution to this challenge without the efforts of both China and the United States.That’s why we’ve agreed to a series of important new initiatives in this area.As President Hu indicated, we are creating a joint clean energy research center, and have achieved agreements on energy efficiency, renewable energy, cleaner uses of coal, electric vehicles, and shale gas.胡主席和我在氣候變化問(wèn)題上也取得了進(jìn)展。作為能源的最大消費(fèi)國(guó)和生產(chǎn)國(guó),沒有中美兩國(guó)的共同努力就無(wú)法成功地應(yīng)對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)。因此我們同意在這一領(lǐng)域采取一系列新的重要行動(dòng)。胡主席已說(shuō)明,我們將設(shè)立一個(gè)清潔能源聯(lián)合研究中心,我們還就能效、可再生能源、清潔使用煤炭、電動(dòng)車輛和頁(yè)巖氣等問(wèn)題達(dá)成一致。We also agreed to work toward a successful outcome in Copenhagen.Our aim there, in support of what Prime Minister Rasmussen of Denmark is trying to achieve, is not a partial accord or a political declaration, but rather an accord that covers all of the issues in the negotiations, and one that has immediate operational effect.This kind of comprehensive agreement would be an important step forward in the effort to rally the world around a solution to our climate challenge.And we agreed that each of us would take significant mitigation actions and stand behind these commitments.我們還同意為哥本哈根會(huì)議取得成果而努力。為支持丹麥?zhǔn)紫嗬鼓律≧asmussen)所爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo),我們將不是致力于一項(xiàng)局部性的協(xié)議,也不是一份政治宣言,而是一項(xiàng)包含談判涉及的所有問(wèn)題的協(xié)議,一項(xiàng)可立即運(yùn)作的協(xié)議。這樣的全面協(xié)議將使動(dòng)員全世界共同應(yīng)對(duì)氣候挑戰(zhàn)的努力向前跨出重要一步。我們同意,雙方都將采取重大的減緩行動(dòng),堅(jiān)定地履行這些承諾。On the issue of nonproliferation, President Hu and I discussed our shared commitment to stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and I told him how appreciative I am of China’s support for the global nonproliferation regime as well as the verifiable elimination of North Korea’s nuclear weapons program.在防擴(kuò)散問(wèn)題上,胡主席和我討論了制止核武器擴(kuò)散的共同承諾,我向胡主席表示了我對(duì)中國(guó)支持全球防擴(kuò)散制度和可驗(yàn)證地消除北韓核武器項(xiàng)目的極大贊賞。

      We agreed on the importance of resuming the six-party talks as soon as possible.As I said in Tokyo, North Korea has a choice: It can continue down the path of confrontation and provocation that has led to less security, less prosperity, and more isolation from the global community, or it can choose to become a full member of the international community, which will give a better life to its people by living up to international obligations and foregoing nuclear weapons.我們一致認(rèn)為盡快恢復(fù)六方會(huì)談是重要的。正如我在東京說(shuō)過(guò)的,北韓面臨一個(gè)選擇:它可以繼續(xù)沿著對(duì)峙挑釁的道路走下去,結(jié)果只會(huì)是安全更少,繁榮更小,在全球社會(huì)中更加孤立;它也可以選擇成為國(guó)際社會(huì)的正式成員,恪守國(guó)際義務(wù),放棄核武器,讓自己的人民過(guò)上更好的生活。

      In the same way, we agreed that the Islamic Republic of Iran must provide assurances to the international community that its nuclear program is peaceful and transparent.On this point, our two nations and the rest of our P5-plus-1 partners are unified.Iran has an opportunity to present and demonstrate its peaceful intentions, but if it fails to take this opportunity there will be consequences.同樣地,我們也一致認(rèn)為伊朗伊斯蘭共和國(guó)必須向國(guó)際社會(huì)提供保證,保證其核項(xiàng)目是和平而且透明的。在這一點(diǎn)上,我們兩國(guó)和五常加一的其他伙伴國(guó)意見一致。伊朗有此機(jī)會(huì)展示和表明其和平的目的,但如果它沒能利用這次機(jī)會(huì),則將面臨后果。

      President Hu and I also discussed our mutual interest in security and stability of Afghanistan and Pakistan.And neither country can or should be used as a base for terrorism, and we agreed to cooperate more on meeting this goal, including bringing about more stable, peaceful relations in all of South Asia.胡錦濤主席和我還討論了我們對(duì)阿富汗和巴基斯坦的安全和穩(wěn)定的共同利益。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都不能也不應(yīng)該成為恐怖分子的基地。我們同意為達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)加深合作,包括在整個(gè)南亞建設(shè)更穩(wěn)定、和平的關(guān)系。

      Finally, as I did yesterday in Shanghai, I spoke to President Hu about America’s bedrock beliefs that all men and women possess certain fundamental human rights.We do not believe these principles are unique to America, but rather they are universal rights and that they should be available to all peoples, to all ethnic and religious minorities.And our two countries agreed to continue to move this discussion forward in a human rights dialogue that is scheduled for early next year.最后,如同我昨天在上海時(shí)一樣,我向胡錦濤主席談了美國(guó)的基本信念,即人人都有某些最基本的人權(quán)。我們不認(rèn)為這些原則是美國(guó)特有的,它們是普遍的權(quán)利。各國(guó)人民,各個(gè)少數(shù)民族和宗教少數(shù)派都應(yīng)該享有。我們兩國(guó)同意在定于明年年初舉行的人權(quán)對(duì)話中繼續(xù)推動(dòng)這種討論。

      As President Hu indicated, the United States respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China.And once again, we have reaffirmed our strong commitment to a one-China policy.正如胡錦濤主席指出的那樣,美國(guó)尊重中國(guó)的主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。我們?cè)俅沃厣陮?duì)一個(gè)中國(guó)政策的承諾。

      We did note that while we recognize that Tibet is part of the People’s Republic of China, the United States supports the early resumption of dialogue between the Chinese government and representatives of the Dalai Lama to resolve any concerns and differences that the two sides may have.We also applauded the steps that the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan have already taken to relax tensions and build ties across the Taiwan Strait.我們的確指出,盡管我們承認(rèn)西藏是中華人民共和國(guó)的一部分,但美國(guó)支持中國(guó)政府與**喇嘛的代表早日恢復(fù)對(duì)話,以解決雙方存在的擔(dān)憂和分歧。我們也對(duì)中華人民共和國(guó)和臺(tái)灣已經(jīng)采取的緩和緊張局勢(shì)和建立海峽兩岸聯(lián)系的步驟表示贊賞。

      Our own policy, based on the three U.S.-China communiqués and the Taiwan Relations Act, supports the further development of these ties--ties that are in the interest of both sides, as well as the broader region and the United States.基于美中三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)和《臺(tái)灣關(guān)系法》,我們自身的政策是支持繼續(xù)發(fā)展這些關(guān)系——這些關(guān)系有利于雙方,有利于更廣大的地區(qū)和美國(guó)。

      These are just some of the issues that President Hu and I discussed.But we also know that the relationship between our two nations goes far beyond any single issue.In this young century, the jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek, all these things are shared.這些只是胡錦濤主席和我討論的問(wèn)題的一部分。但是,我們也知道,我們兩國(guó)的關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出任何單一問(wèn)題。置身這個(gè)世紀(jì)的初期,我們所做的工作,所創(chuàng)建的繁榮,所保護(hù)的環(huán)境,所尋求的安全——所有這一切都是共同分享的。Given that interconnection, I do not believe that one country’s success must come at the expense of another.That’s why the United States welcomes China as a strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations.鑒于這種相互關(guān)聯(lián),我不認(rèn)為一個(gè)國(guó)家的成功必須以犧牲另一個(gè)國(guó)家的利益為代價(jià)。這就是為什么美國(guó)歡迎中國(guó)成為國(guó)際社會(huì)中一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、繁榮和成功的成員。

      Our relationship going forward will not be without disagreement or difficulty.But because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and secure.We’ve seen what’s possible when we build upon our mutual interests and engage on the basis of equality and mutual respect.And I very much look forward to deepening that engagement and understanding during this trip and in the months and years to come.我們未來(lái)的關(guān)系不會(huì)沒有分歧和困難。但由于我們的合作,美國(guó)和中國(guó)都更繁榮、更安全。我們已經(jīng)看到,當(dāng)我們?cè)诨ダ幕A(chǔ)上發(fā)展、在平等和相互尊重的基礎(chǔ)上往來(lái)時(shí)能夠取得什么樣的成果。我非常期待在這次訪問(wèn)中和在未來(lái)的歲月里,加深這種交往和理解。

      [馬朝旭]:中美兩國(guó)元首共同會(huì)見記者結(jié)束。謝謝大家。

      MODERATOR: This concludes the meeting with the news media.Thank you.

      第四篇:奧巴馬訪華胡主席致辭全文

      奧巴馬訪華胡主席致辭全文

      2010-02-21

      尊敬的奧巴馬總統(tǒng),各位記者朋友,女士們,先生們:

      很高興和各位記者朋友在這里見面,首先我代表中國(guó)政府和人民,對(duì)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)來(lái)華進(jìn)行國(guó)事訪問(wèn)表示熱烈歡迎。

      剛才我和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了很好的會(huì)談,雙方就發(fā)展中美雙邊關(guān)系和共同關(guān)心的重大國(guó)際和地區(qū)問(wèn)題,深入交換了意見,達(dá)成了廣泛共識(shí),會(huì)談是坦誠(chéng)的、建設(shè)性的、富有成果的。

      我和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)都認(rèn)為,當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)繼續(xù)發(fā)生復(fù)雜深刻變化,全球性的挑戰(zhàn)不斷增多,世界各國(guó)相互依存日益緊密。為此,需要加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作。

      在新的形勢(shì)下,中美兩國(guó)在事關(guān)人類和平與發(fā)展的一系列重大問(wèn)題上,有著廣泛的共同利益和廣闊的發(fā)展空間。

      我和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)都積極評(píng)價(jià)美國(guó)新一屆政府就職以來(lái)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展,一致同意堅(jiān)持從戰(zhàn)略的高度和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度出發(fā),加強(qiáng)對(duì)話、交流、合作,共同努力建設(shè)21世界積極合作全面的中美關(guān)系。并將采取切實(shí)行動(dòng),穩(wěn)固建立應(yīng)對(duì)共同挑戰(zhàn)的伙伴關(guān)系,為促進(jìn)世界的和平穩(wěn)定和繁榮而努力。

      我們都認(rèn)為,保持兩國(guó)高層的密切交往,和其他各個(gè)級(jí)別的對(duì)話蹉商,對(duì)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要,雙方同意兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人繼續(xù)通過(guò)互訪、通話、通信,或在多邊場(chǎng)合會(huì)晤等方式,保持密切溝通。

      雙方高度評(píng)價(jià)中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話機(jī)制在加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)互信合作方面發(fā)揮的重要作用,雙方將繼續(xù)落實(shí)好今年七月首輪對(duì)話的成果,并且盡早著手為明年夏天在北京舉行的第二輪對(duì)話作準(zhǔn)備。

      我們就當(dāng)前的國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融形勢(shì)交換了看法,認(rèn)為當(dāng)前的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了企穩(wěn)回升的積極跡象,但復(fù)蘇的基礎(chǔ)并不牢固。雙方重申將繼續(xù)在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)對(duì)話和合作,堅(jiān)持通過(guò)平等協(xié)商妥善處理兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦問(wèn)題,共同維護(hù)雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。

      我向奧巴馬總統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào),當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下,我們兩國(guó)應(yīng)該有更加堅(jiān)決的態(tài)度,反對(duì)和抵制各種形式的保護(hù)主義。

      我們都積極評(píng)價(jià)二十國(guó)集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)在應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)方面發(fā)揮的重要作用,我們兩國(guó)將與其他成員一道,全面落實(shí)這次峰會(huì)的成果,不斷加強(qiáng)二十國(guó)集團(tuán)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理當(dāng)中的作用,推進(jìn)國(guó)際金融體系改革,完善全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理,以防范和應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)的危機(jī)。

      我們同意擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)在氣侯變化、能源、環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的合作,在共同但有區(qū)別的原則和各自能力的基礎(chǔ)上,同有關(guān)各方一道推動(dòng)哥本哈根大會(huì)取得積極成果。

      中美兩國(guó)的有關(guān)部門已簽署中美關(guān)于加強(qiáng)氣候變化、能源和環(huán)境合作的諒解備忘備等合作文件,并且正式啟動(dòng)了中美清潔能源聯(lián)合研究中心。

      我和奧巴馬總統(tǒng)都表示,愿意在雙向互利的基礎(chǔ)上,深化兩國(guó)反恐、執(zhí)法、科技、航天、民用航空、高速鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域的合作,并繼續(xù)推動(dòng)兩軍關(guān)系取得更大的進(jìn)展。

      我們還就擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)的人文交流,特別是青年交流進(jìn)行了探討,支持雙方建立人文交流機(jī)制,并且加強(qiáng)互派留學(xué)生合作。

      我們都表示堅(jiān)持通過(guò)對(duì)話協(xié)商,解決朝鮮半島核問(wèn)題。符合包括中美兩國(guó)在內(nèi)的有關(guān)各方的共同利益,雙方將同有關(guān)各方一道,堅(jiān)持半島無(wú)核化和六方會(huì)談進(jìn)程,維護(hù)東北亞和平穩(wěn)定。

      我們強(qiáng)調(diào)維護(hù)國(guó)際核不擴(kuò)散體系,通過(guò)對(duì)話談判,妥善解決伊朗核問(wèn)題,對(duì)維護(hù)中東和海灣地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定十分重要。

      在會(huì)談中,我向奧巴馬總統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào),中美兩國(guó)國(guó)情不同,雙方存在一些分歧是正常的,關(guān)鍵是要尊重和照顧雙方的核心利益和重大關(guān)切。

      中方贊賞奧巴馬總統(tǒng)多次重申堅(jiān)持一個(gè)中國(guó)政策,遵守中美三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào),在臺(tái)灣等問(wèn)題上尊重中國(guó)主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整。

      雙方重申互相尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完整這一根本原則,雙方均不支持任何勢(shì)力破壞這一原則的任何活動(dòng)。我們將繼續(xù)本著平等、相互尊重、互不干涉內(nèi)政的精神,就人權(quán)和宗教等問(wèn)題開展對(duì)話交流,以增進(jìn)了解,減少分歧,擴(kuò)大共識(shí)。

      中美關(guān)系十分重要,維護(hù)和促進(jìn)中美關(guān)系是雙方的共同責(zé)任。中方愿意同美方一道,推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系持續(xù)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,以更好地造福世界人民。

      第五篇:奧巴馬訪華演講稿2009

      奧巴馬訪華演講稿2009.11

      Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador Jon Huntsman who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions not only from students who are in the audience but also we've received questions online which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here in Shanghai we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai of course is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here 37 years ago that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784 our founding father George Washington commissioned the Empress of China a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America but still very different.”

      Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades just look at how far we have come.In 1979 trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979 the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today we have a positive constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979 the connections among our people were limited.Today we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past and you shall know the future.” Surely we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed because of our cooperation both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation with a deeply rooted culture.The United States by comparison is a young nation whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open information freely accessible;and that laws and not simply men should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote workers to win the right to organize and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation conceived in liberty and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States China or any nation.Indeed it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence ambition and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do the prosperity we build the environment we protect the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights strengths and creativity of individual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share the business that we do the knowledge that we gain and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they just like you are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

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