第一篇：2017年5月CATTI英語二級筆譯真題及漢譯英答案

2017年5月CATTI英語二級筆譯真題

The 2030 Agenda For SustainableDevelopment

This Agenda isa plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.It also seeksto strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.We recognize thateradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, includingextreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and anindispensable requirement for sustainable development.We areresolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty andheal and protect our planet.Weare determined to take the bold and transformative steps which areurgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilientpath.The 17Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we areannouncing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this newuniversal Agenda.They seek to build on the Millennium DevelopmentGoals and complete what these did not achieve.They seek to realizethe human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and theempowerment of all women and girls.They are integrated andindivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainabledevelopment: the economic, social and environmental.We are meetingat a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denieda life of dignity.Thereare rising inequalities within and among countries.Genderinequality remains a key challenge.Unemployment, particularlyyouth unemployment, is a major concern.Global health threats, morefrequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violentextremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forceddisplacement of people threaten to reverse much of the developmentprogress made in recent decades.Naturalresource depletion and adverse impacts of environmentaldegradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbatethe list of challenges which humanity faces.Climatechange is one of the greatest challenges of our time and itsadverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achievesustainable development.The MillenniumDevelopment Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an importantframework for development and significant progress has been made ina number of areas.But the progress has been uneven, particularlyin Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developingcountries, and small island developing States, and some of theMillennium Development Goals remain off-track, inparticular those related to maternal, newborn and child health andto reproductive health.Werecommit ourselves to the full realization of all the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, including the off-track Millennium DevelopmentGoals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistanceto least developed countries and other countries in specialsituations, in line with relevant support programs.The new Agendabuilds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to completewhat these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the mostvulnerable countries.二、英譯漢第二篇：出自2010年Economist

Entrepreneursin Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—theunique address of any file that is accessible via the internet.Butin the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning:Ubiquity first, Revenue Later.This pretty much describes thestrategy of most big online social networks, which over the pastfew years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worryingabout profits.Thathas allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised abig question-mark over their ability to make money from theaudiences they have put together.At issueis whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildlysuccessful form of advertising in the same way that Google has beenable to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that runalongside the search results it serves up.Without such a formula,runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will neveramount to much.Doubters claimthat the networks face two big handicaps.The first is that peoplelogged into social-networking sites are there to hang out withtheir friends, so they will pay no attention to ads.The second isthat because the sites let users generate their own content, theywill find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will notwant to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But thebroader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging.Onereason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites bytheir sheer scale.Facebook's audience is bigger than any TVnetwork that has ever existed on the face of the earth.Anotherthing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability totarget ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they holdon their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth.Althoughthere are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next toracy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that thenetworks' advertising proposition has become morecompelling.In addition toadvertising-driven business model, networks are already makinghealthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods.The beautyof this business for social networks is that the cost of producingand storing virtual inventory is minimal.Moreover, because theseare closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generatefat margins.To some, the notion that big money can be made fromselling make-believe items may seem bizarre.But the practicereplicates the physical presents that people give to one another tocement relationships in the real world.三、漢譯英第一篇：出自中國五礦集團公司介紹

本公司是全球最大最強的冶金建設運營服務商，擁有24萬在職員工，資產(chǎn)規(guī)模超7000億元，境外機構、資源項目與承建工程遍布全球60多個國家和地區(qū)。本公司有著獨特的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈競爭優(yōu)勢，公司在全球金屬礦業(yè)領域率先打通了從資源獲取、勘查、設計、施工、運營到流通、深加工的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，形成了為金屬礦產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供系統(tǒng)性解決方案和工程建設運營一體化全生命周期的服務能力。

本公司金屬礦產(chǎn)資源儲量豐富，在國內(nèi)外擁有一批世界級優(yōu)質礦山。在冶金工業(yè)建設領域，公司積累了貫穿各環(huán)節(jié)的核心技術優(yōu)勢和設計施工能力，承擔了中國大中型鋼鐵企業(yè)超過90%的設計施工任務和全球60%冶金建設任務，是冶金建設的“國家隊”。公司擁有遍布全球的貿(mào)易流通網(wǎng)絡，全球采購、全球營銷，金屬礦產(chǎn)品流通規(guī)模穩(wěn)居國內(nèi)第一。

參考譯文：China Minmetals Corporation(CMC)is the largest and strongest in metallurgical construction and operation services globally.CMC, with 240,000 employeescontrols the total assets surpass RMB 0.7 trillion yuan.CMC’s foreign institutions, resource projects and construction projects are operating in more than 60 countries and regions.Enjoying unique competitive advantage, CMC takes the lead in running a whole industrial chain ranging from resources acquisition, exploration, project design, construction, operation, and circulation to intensive processing, and is able to provide systematic solutions to metals and minerals companies and render services for the whole lifecycle of project construction and operation.With abundant resources and reserves in metals and minerals, CMC owns a series of world-class mines with high quality at home and abroad.With core technology advantage as well as design and construction strength covering all sectors, the Corporation shoulders more than 90% of the design and construction work in China’s large-and-medium sized steel mills and 60% of metallurgical construction projects around the world, regarded as the “national team” in the metallurgical construction industry.Boasting fully-fledged trade and circulation network globally, the Corporation conducts procurement and marketing internationally and takes the first place in circulation scale of metals and minerals.四、漢譯英第二篇：出自李克強總理2016年夏季達沃斯論壇開幕式致辭

我們應該積極促進結構性改革，特別是供給側改革。中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨結構性的矛盾，供給和需求兩側都有，主要在供給側，我們要用改革的辦法推進結構調整，減少無效和低端的供給，擴大有效和中高端的供給，這既有利于經(jīng)濟轉型，也有利于促進經(jīng)濟增長。

其中重要的方面就是要淘汰嚴重過剩的產(chǎn)能，重點是抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業(yè)去產(chǎn)能，近年來已經(jīng)取得些許成就，生煤和生鐵產(chǎn)量下降，但還要進一步減少，主要是運用市場化和法治化手段，嚴格環(huán)保、質量、安全等標準。去產(chǎn)能最大的難題是人往哪里去。企業(yè)要采取多種措施使職工轉崗不下崗，中央和地方政府都要對職工分流安置給予必要的支持。產(chǎn)能過剩是一個全球性的問題，我們將主動采取行動去產(chǎn)能，這本身就表明中國是負責任的大國。

參考譯文：We need to advance structural reform，in particular that on the supply side.The structural problems facing the Chinese economy are about both the supply and demand sides，especially the supply side。We need to advance structural adjustment through reform，reduce inefficient and low-end supply，and expand effective and medium-to high-end supply.This is conducive to economic transformation as well as growth.A major task for us is to phase out outdated production capacity and address overcapacity，especially in steel，coal and other sectors that face difficulty in operation.Initial progress has been made in recent years，as is shown in the lowering production of raw coal and crude steel，but our efforts must well continue.We will adopt a market-based and rules-based approach and apply strict standards in environmental protection，quality and safety.The biggest challenge is how to address possible layoffs in this process.Businesses need to take multiple measures to ensure that their employees will get reemployed.Both the central and local governments should provide necessary support to take care of the affected employees.Overcapacity is a global challenge.The fact that we have taken the initiative to cut overcapacity demonstrates that China is indeed a responsible country.

第二篇：2017年5月CATTI英語二級筆譯實務真題

2017年5月CATTI英語二級筆譯實務真題

EC Passage 1

來源：聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標

This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda.They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve.They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls.They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.There are rising inequalities within and among countries.Gender inequality remains a key challenge.Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern.Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas.But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs.The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.EC Passage 2 來源：經(jīng)濟學人

Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet.But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later.This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits.That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up.Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much.Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps.The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads.The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging.One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale.Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth.Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth.Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods.The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal.Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins.To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre.But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.CE Passage 1

來源：中國五礦集團簡介

本公司是全球最大最強的冶金建設運營服務商，擁有24萬在職員工，資產(chǎn)規(guī)模超7000億元，境外機構、資源項目與承建工程遍布全球60多個國家和地區(qū)。本公司有著獨特的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈競爭優(yōu)勢，公司在全球金屬礦業(yè)領域率先打通了從資源獲取、勘查、設計、施工、運營到流通、深加工的全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，形成了為金屬礦產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供系統(tǒng)性解決方案和工程建設運營一體化全生命周期的服務能力。

本公司金屬礦產(chǎn)資源儲量豐富，在國內(nèi)外擁有一批世界級優(yōu)質礦山。在冶金工業(yè)建設領域，公司積累了貫穿各環(huán)節(jié)的核心技術優(yōu)勢和設計施工能力，承擔了中國大中型鋼鐵企業(yè)超過90%的設計施工任務和全球60%冶金建設任務，是冶金建設的“國家隊”。公司擁有遍布全球的貿(mào)易流通網(wǎng)絡，全球采購、全球營銷，金屬礦產(chǎn)品流通規(guī)模穩(wěn)居國內(nèi)第一。CE Passage 2

來源：李克強總理2016夏季達沃斯開幕式致辭

我們應該積極促進結構性改革，特別是供給側改革。中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨結構性的矛盾，供給和需求兩側都有，主要在供給側，我們要用改革的辦法推進結構調整，減少無效和低端的供給，擴大有效和中高端的供給，這既有利于經(jīng)濟轉型，也有利于促進經(jīng)濟增長。

其中重要的方面就是要淘汰嚴重過剩的產(chǎn)能，重點是抓好鋼鐵、煤炭等困難行業(yè)去產(chǎn)能，近年來已經(jīng)取得些許成就，生煤和生鐵產(chǎn)量下降，但還要進一步減少，主要是運用市場化和法治化手段，嚴格環(huán)保、質量、安全等標準。去產(chǎn)能最大的難題是人往哪里去。企業(yè)要采取多種措施使職工轉崗不下崗，中央和地方政府都要對職工分流安置給予必要的支持。產(chǎn)能過剩是一個全球性的問題，我們將主動采取行動去產(chǎn)能，這本身就表明中國是負責任的大國。

英語自由翻譯【查紅玉】提供 QQ：395334918 微信：zhahongyu182

第三篇：譯之靈翻譯培訓：2014年5月CATTI二級筆譯真題解析(漢譯英)

翻譯考試：2014年5月CATTI二級筆譯真題解析（漢譯英）

漢譯英第一篇原文：

上海合作組織成立12年來，成員國結成緊密的命運共同體和利益共同體。面對復雜的國際和地區(qū)形勢，維護地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定和促進成員國共同發(fā)展，過去、現(xiàn)在乃至將來相當長時期內(nèi)都是上海合作組織的首要任務和目標。

安全上，成員國要繼續(xù)堅定支持彼此維護國家安全和社會穩(wěn)定的努力，加大打擊“三股勢力”和毒品犯罪力度。值得注意的是，當前，地區(qū)恐怖主義和毒品犯罪相互勾結的現(xiàn)象愈演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成為需要雙管齊下的系統(tǒng)工程。中方認為有必要賦予上海合作組織地區(qū)反恐怖機構禁毒職能，加強其綜合打擊“毒恐勾結”的能力。

經(jīng)濟上，成員國要大力推動務實合作。我們維護地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定的最終目的是實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展繁榮。各方有必要加快實施交通、能源、通信、農(nóng)業(yè)等優(yōu)勢領域合作項目，加緊研究建立上海合作組織開發(fā)銀行，以解決項目融資難題和應對國際金融風險。

點評：

這是2013年9月4日《人民日報》刊發(fā)的關于習近平主席接受土、俄、哈、烏、吉五國媒體聯(lián)合采訪的報道，該篇翻譯節(jié)選了這一采訪的一小節(jié)。與三級筆譯實務的命題內(nèi)容相比，該篇的翻譯難度顯然要大一些，因為原文中出現(xiàn)的一些語匯可能會對考生形成一定的障礙。例如：“三股勢力”，“毒恐勾結”等。從譯文的句子結構的選擇而言，二級筆譯對考生的要求注定會比三級考生更加嚴格苛刻。根據(jù)我們以往的閱卷經(jīng)驗，二級筆譯實務的閱卷對于考生所使用的句法修辭手段有所要求。因此，如果說在三級筆譯考試中，一個漢語的句子被譯成英文，句子的語法結構沒有太大的問題，詞匯搭配基本得體即可，而在二級筆譯考試中，這個要求顯然是不夠的，它還要求考生根據(jù)原文的語氣的強調以及英語中的表達習慣來適當?shù)卣{整句子結構，使譯文更加吻合原文的色彩以及使句子的前后詞序顯得更加平衡。下面讓我們共同關注一下第一篇漢譯英語段中的重點語句的翻譯。

第一段第一句：“上海合作組織成立12年來，成員國結成緊密的命運共同體和利益共同體?！?/p>

解析：此句的第一個意群“上海合作組織成立12年來”是一個時間狀語成分，我們可以將其譯成一個時間狀語短語，如：In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests.按照二級筆譯的修辭要求，如果考生能將這個時間狀語轉換成一個名詞短語作主語成分，譯文的質量將會提高很多，如：The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，然后我們在謂語動詞的位置上使用“see，witness，mark 或 signify，而后把原文中的主句部分轉換成一個較長的名詞短語作賓語，這個句子的譯文就會大大增色。The past 12 years since the founding of the SCO has marked a close community of common destinies and shared interests.第一段第二句：“面對復雜的國際和地區(qū)形勢，維護地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定和促進成員國共同發(fā)展，過去、現(xiàn)在乃至將來相當長時期內(nèi)都是上海合作組織的首要任務和目標?！?/p>

解析：該句的主句部分有這樣的一個時間表達式“過去，現(xiàn)在乃至將來相當長的時期內(nèi)”，如果我們將其譯成相關的時間狀語短語，如，in the past，at present and in the future，譯文會顯得相當笨拙。在此，我們應充分利用漢英語中的不同特點來應對此句，漢語中的謂語動詞是沒有時態(tài)變化的，而英語中謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化非常豐富。因此，我們可以把漢語中的時間狀語轉換成英語中的動詞謂語來體現(xiàn)：In the face of complex regional and international situation，maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states was，is and will still be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.這樣處理的方法是精簡了句子成分，又充分體現(xiàn)了英語動詞時態(tài)的特色。

第二段第一句：“安全上，成員國要繼續(xù)堅定支持彼此維護國家安全和社會穩(wěn)定的努力，加大打擊“三股勢力”和毒品犯罪力度?！?/p>

解析：在漢譯英過程中，我們經(jīng)常會遇到漢語中以數(shù)字加名稱短語的“縮略語”，如：三個代表，三農(nóng)，三通，八榮八恥，三好學生等，在翻譯之前，我們首先要弄清這些短語分別代表了什么具體內(nèi)容，然后再從英語中尋找相關含義的詞匯去對應。在我們二級筆譯實務的培訓中，我們曾詳細地給學生們介紹了應對策略：以“三農(nóng)”為例，當我們了解了其實際內(nèi)涵后，我們就可以將其譯為 the three issues—agriculture，countryside and farmers，也就是說，先用一個名詞對其加以概括，然后再逐一對應相關的名詞短語。當然，如果我們能想到相同的首字母對應的單詞，那就更好了。如：the three Fs—farming，farm and farmers。然而，在翻譯考試中，如果考生無法確定待譯短語的確切含義，那么，我們完全可以采取一種變通的方式來應對：定冠詞+數(shù)字+待譯短語的核心詞+related +issues，例如：the three agriculture-related issues。在第二段第一句中的“三股勢力”指的是恐怖主義（terrorism），分裂主義（separatism）和極端主義（extremism），我們可以譯為：the three forces—terrorism，separatism and extremism。如果在考試中我們無法把握該短語的內(nèi)涵，我們也可以將其簡化為：the three security-threatening forces，因為本段的主題內(nèi)容就是談論“安全問題”，這種理解和應對的策略是完全適當?shù)?，而且也完全符合英語的構詞規(guī)律。全句譯為：In terms of security，member states need to continue to firmly support each other’s endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat the three forces—terrorism，separatism and extremism(the three security-threatening forces)and drug-related crimes.第二段的第二句：“值得注意的是，當前，地區(qū)恐怖主義和毒品犯罪相互勾結的現(xiàn)象愈演愈烈，反恐和禁毒成為需要雙管齊下的系統(tǒng)工程?！?/p>

解析：該句中“值得注意的是”可以被處理成一個名詞從句作主語，也可以將其處理為一個形式主語的被動結構，如：What merits caution/What deserves our attention或者It must be noted that?/It must be cautioned that?，然后再接一個表語從句或一個名詞從句作真正的主語。請看下面的2個譯文：

Version I.What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two-pronged approach.Version II.It must be noted/cautioned that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals conspiring /conniving with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts must be integrated with each other as a systematic program.原文中的“地區(qū)恐怖主義和毒品犯罪相互勾結的現(xiàn)象愈演愈烈”，不要把“恐怖主義”和“毒品犯罪”譯成抽象名詞，因為只有“恐怖主義分子”和“毒品罪犯”才能相互勾結，因此，要將這兩個名詞具體化。此外，我們在翻譯課上，反復強調：漢語中特別習慣于用“現(xiàn)象”二字，但英語中對該詞的使用頻率并不高，一般情況下，英語中更傾向于使用更具體的名詞，如：case，situation，instance，tendency等，當然，具體用哪一個詞還要看上下文的語境來確定。在此，我們使用“tendency”似乎更恰當些。

第二段第三句：“中方認為有必要賦予上海合作組織地區(qū)反恐怖機構禁毒職能，加強其

綜合打擊“毒恐勾結”的能力?！?/p>

解析：該句基本上沒有什么難度，句子結構也不復雜，只需考生注意 “賦予?的職能”，可以用give或delegate與function組合；“加強?的能力”在英語中的固定搭配即可。strengthen /enhance +ability，如果考生使用consolidate或deepen與ability搭配就屬于用處不當了。因此，這句可以譯為：

China believes that there is a need to delegate the function of anti-narcotics to the SCO Regional Counter-Terrorism Structure in order to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.第三段第一句：“經(jīng)濟上，成員國要大力推動務實合作?！?/p>

解析：該句可譯成主動語態(tài)，也可譯成被動結構。如：Economically，member states need to vigorously promote pragmatic cooperation.或 In terms of economy，great efforts must be made by member states to promote pragmatic cooperation.第三段第二句：“我們維護地區(qū)安全穩(wěn)定的最終目的是實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展繁榮?！?/p>

解析：該句中的“最終目的”這個短語在英語中可譯為形容詞+名詞，也可在句子中轉換成謂語動詞使用。正如我們在二級筆譯課上所強調的詞性轉換是翻譯的一大要點。從漢譯英的翻譯實踐而言，經(jīng)常使用的名詞轉動詞有：目標，目的，作用，功能，標志，特點，特征等。因此，該句可以譯成以下兩個版本：1.The ultimate purpose of maintaining regional security and stability is to achieve common development and prosperity.2.Regional security and stability is ultimately targeted at achieving common development and prosperity.第三段第三句：“各方有必要加快實施交通、能源、通信、農(nóng)業(yè)等優(yōu)勢領域合作項目，加緊研究建立上海合作組織開發(fā)銀行，以解決項目融資難題和應對國際金融風險?！?/p>

解析：該句中的動詞：加快?，加緊?都是我們在二級筆譯培訓中反復強調的同近義詞的積累，我們給學生提供了如下語匯：speed up，accelerate，step up，expedite，greatly facilitate等。我們之所以要給學生儲備許多相關的同近義詞，主要是針對漢譯英中頻繁出現(xiàn)的時政文章及我國領導人的講話稿的翻譯。在這類文章中，甚至在同一個語段中，會出現(xiàn)多次動詞的重復使用。但英語的行文習慣并不像漢語，連續(xù)使用相同的詞匯并非英語書面表達的特點，它需要將詞匯不斷地變化。因此，這也是二級筆譯的難度所在。由此，該句可譯為：Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport，energy，communications and agriculture，and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.第一篇漢譯英全文譯文：

In the past 12 years since the founding of the SCO，member states have forged a close community of common destinies and shared interests.In the face of complex regional and international situation，maintaining regional security and stability and promoting common development of member states has been，is and will continue to be SCO's top priority and objective for quite a long time to come.On security，member states need to continue to firmly support each other's endeavor to safeguard national security and social stability and intensify efforts to combat terrorism，separatism and extremism and drug-related crimes.What merits caution is that there is a growing tendency of terrorists and drug criminals colluding with each other in the region.Therefore，counter-terrorism and anti-narcotic efforts should be integrated with a two-pronged approach.China believes that there is a need to give the SCO Regional Counter-Terrorism Structure the

function of anti-narcotics to enhance its overall ability to fight both terrorism and drug trafficking.On economy，member states need to vigorously promote pragmatic cooperation.The ultimate purpose of maintaining regional security and stability is to achieve common development and prosperity.Parties need to accelerate the implementation of cooperation projects in such advantageous areas as transport，energy，communications and agriculture，and expedite studies on setting up an SCO development bank to resolve project financing difficulties and address international financial risks.漢譯英第二篇原文：

改革開放以來，中國金融業(yè)伴隨現(xiàn)代化建設而快速成長，但實現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展依然任重道遠。目前，中國金融業(yè)資產(chǎn)已超過１５０萬億元人民幣，外匯儲備達３．４萬億美元，盤活金融資產(chǎn)、激活金融市場潛力很大。下一步，我們將堅定不移推進金融市場化改革，健全現(xiàn)代金融體系，加快發(fā)展多層次資本市場，穩(wěn)步推進利率市場化、匯率市場化的改革。同時，深化境外戰(zhàn)略投資者與中資銀行的合作，穩(wěn)步推進股票、債券、保險市場對外開放，促進人民幣跨境使用，逐步實現(xiàn)人民幣資本項目可兌換，拓展金融業(yè)對外開放的廣度和深度。以開放促改革發(fā)展、促轉型創(chuàng)新，實現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，也會給世界經(jīng)濟增長及金融業(yè)發(fā)展提供機遇。

點評：

我們在二級筆譯實務課上特別告誡學生：要想做好漢譯英，就一定要把握好四門功課，也可以說要把握好“4C”，即，Connotation，Collocation，Context and Culture。Connotation指的是“內(nèi)涵”，漢語表達的很多意思在英語中沒有完全對應的說法，因此，在動筆之前，考生一定要先將漢語的句子內(nèi)涵弄清楚，然后再根據(jù)其意到英語中找最為接近的詞語，以提高表達的精確度。Collocation指的是漢語中的詞語搭配與英語中的詞語搭配的差異。我們在二級筆譯實務課上要求考生掌握的并非那些簡單的詞匯搭配用法，例如，一個動詞后搭配什么介詞或副詞，一個形容詞后搭配什么介詞等，這些都是英語學習過程中學生理應積累的東西，而我們要求考生積累的則是更高要求的詞匯搭配，這類詞匯搭配的積累能從根本上最終幫助考生消除漢化英語的痕跡。因此，我們從開課的第一天就向學生介紹了美國出版的The Word Finder這本詞典。讓我們來看一個例子：英語中的形容詞“感興趣的”，在學生積累這個單詞的搭配時，基本上都是記住該詞后面的介詞搭配be interested in sth./sb.，然而，這只是最基本的搭配。我們要求的更高層次的詞匯搭配是：在英語中哪些副詞可以修飾interested這個形容詞，而這才是我們在翻譯中經(jīng)常遇到的搭配。通過查閱The Word Finder這本詞典，我們得知：deeply，keenly，intensely，profoundly，curiously可以修飾interested，而如果考生使用strongly以表達“濃厚地”詞義來與interested搭配，那就注定會犯漢化英語的錯誤。Context指的是在翻譯過程中要充分考慮語句的上下文語境該使用什么樣的連詞使語句表達得更加順暢自如。漢語的表達中連詞的使用頻率較低，但英語行文中連詞的使用頻率非常高。因此，我們在理解漢語原文的意思時，還要更加細致地考慮漢語句子的字里行間的邏輯關系及語氣，從而在譯文中添加適當?shù)倪B詞。由于這個問題涉及到整個語篇的連接方法，在此暫不贅述。Culture 在翻譯中也是我們所要考慮的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。中國與英語國家的文化存在著較大的差異，在翻譯過程中如果遇到一些特別是以動物或顏色的名稱作為比喻的時候，我們必須注意這些文化方面的差異，要及時地，適當?shù)卣{整表達方式，以求譯入語的讀者能夠很好地理解原文所要表達的意思。如：漢語中 “亞洲四小龍”，如果譯成The Four

Little Dragons of Asia，英語讀者就會感到一頭霧水，因為在英語中dragon一詞只有“邪惡”，“魔鬼”等含義，而沒有褒義的內(nèi)涵，因此，我們要本著入鄉(xiāng)隨俗的態(tài)度將該短語譯為：The Four Little Tigers of Asia。再比如，漢語中“青山綠水”，譯成英文：bluemountains and green water，就是漢化的英語，英語國家的人習慣以green mountains and blue water來表達該含義。

下面讓我們看看此次考試中的第二篇漢譯英。此篇語段節(jié)選自2013年5月25日李克強在瑞士經(jīng)濟金融界人士午餐會上的演講稿。

第一句：“改革開放以來，中國金融業(yè)伴隨現(xiàn)代化建設而快速成長，但實現(xiàn)持續(xù)發(fā)展依然任重道遠?！?/p>

解析：該句可以將“改革開放以來”處理成譯文中的名詞主語，將主句譯為該句的賓語：The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China’s financial sector together with the modernization of the country.However，it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth.雖然漢語是一個完整的語句，但我們注意到，漢語中的前后兩個意群的主語并不一致，而且還有轉折的關聯(lián)詞。因此，我們可以將其拆分成兩個單句來譯。

第二句：“目前，中國金融業(yè)資產(chǎn)已超過１５０萬億元人民幣，外匯儲備達３．４萬億美元，盤活金融資產(chǎn)、激活金融市場潛力很大?！?/p>

解析：該句同樣應該拆分成兩個句子，因為前半句講的是中國金融業(yè)的貨幣量，而后半句講的是金融市場的潛力。在該句的翻譯中，我們要注意貨幣單位名稱的表達方式及其位置：Currently，China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$ 3.4 trillion.There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.第三句： “下一步，我們將堅定不移推進金融市場化改革，健全現(xiàn)代金融體系，加快發(fā)展多層次資本市場，穩(wěn)步推進利率市場化、匯率市場化的改革?！?/p>

解析：該句是由四個意群連接的一個并列句，只要把握好詞語的選擇就可以。

Going forward，we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector，build a sound modern financial system，accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market，and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.第四句：“同時，深化境外戰(zhàn)略投資者與中資銀行的合作，穩(wěn)步推進股票、債券、保險市場對外開放，促進人民幣跨境使用，逐步實現(xiàn)人民幣資本項目可兌換，拓展金融業(yè)對外開放的廣度和深度。”

解析：在這句話中，“廣度”，“深度”等詞語的翻譯要提醒考生注意，漢語中常使用比較抽象的名詞，在翻譯界，我們常將類似的抽象名詞短語戲稱為“性感度”?！靶浴保喝纾厥庑?，重要性，必要性，“感”：如，使命感，責任感，成就感，“度”：如，高度，廣度，深度等。在譯成英語時，切忌將這些漢語的詞語一股腦地譯成抽象名詞，可以考慮將這些詞語轉換成相關的形容詞或動詞，以求譯文表達的地道。如果譯成expand the breadth and depth of opening-up in the financial sector，這就是典型的漢化英語，我們可以調整詞性為兩個動詞：broaden and deepen

In the meantime，we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors，open the stock，bond and insurance markets in an orderly way，promote the cross-border use of the RMB and，gradually achieve the RMB’s convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector.第五句：“以開放促改革發(fā)展、促轉型創(chuàng)新，實現(xiàn)中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，也會給世界經(jīng)濟增長及金融業(yè)發(fā)展提供機遇?！?/p>

解析：我們要注意該句的前半部分應該處理成主句，后半部分應該處理為目的狀語。We will promote reform，development，economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.第二篇漢譯英全文譯文：

The reform and opening-up has witnessed rapid growth of China’s financial sector together with the modernization of the country.However，it still remains a long and arduous task for China to sustain this momentum of growth.Currently，China’s financial sector has a total asset of over RMB 150 trillion and a foreign exchange reserve of US$3.4 trillion.There is a huge potential for revitalizing/liquidizing/ China’s financial assets and reinvigorating the financial market.Going forward，we will unswervingly advance market reform of the financial sector，build a sound modern financial system，accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market，and steadily step up the reform in the marketization of interest rate and exchange rate.In the meantime，we will deepen cooperation between Chinese banks and their foreign strategic investors，open the stock，bond and insurance markets in an orderly way，promote the cross-border use of the RMB and，gradually achieve the RMB’s convertibility under the capital account and broaden and deepen the opening-up in the financial sector.We will promote reform，development，economic transformation and innovation in the course of opening-up to achieve the sustainable and healthy growth of the Chinese economy and to create opportunities for the economic growth and development of the financial industry of the world.筆譯培訓

第四篇：二級聽力真題答案

1、女的什么意思？ B

2、jack的感覺 cecited3、什么關系 teacher and student4、準備做什么？ 買冰箱

5、下一輛發(fā)車時間 11：106、在哪兒？ 在家！

7、先做什么？ 整理房子

8、女的是什么？ 護士

9、讓她做什么？ 讓baby高興

10、對她怎么樣？ 鼓勵

11、打電話是的誰？ 鄰居

12、男的怎么了？ ill13、教授要做什么？ paper14、女的找工作為了什么？ 掙生活費

15、下女的在哪里工作？ shelves16、女的表現(xiàn)怎么樣？ 成績好

17、工作時間？ 8：30—0：1018、有幾條？ 1219、用什么標記？ 顏色

20、迷失方向干什么？ 下站下

拓展閱讀：

PETS 二級考試由筆試試卷和口試試卷組成。

筆試試卷（120分鐘）包括四部分：聽力、英語知識運用、閱讀理解和寫作。

（一）聽力

該部分由A、B兩節(jié)組成，考查考生理解英語口語的能力。

（二）英語知識運用

該部分由A、B兩節(jié)組成，考查考生對英語語法、詞匯知識和較為簡單表達方式的掌握情況。

（三）閱讀理解

測試考生理解書面英語的能力。

（四）寫作

該部分由A、B兩節(jié)組成，考查考生的書面表達能力。

（五）口試

口試分A、B、C三節(jié)，測試考生英語口語的交際能力。

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第五篇：英語四級真題及答案

1991年6月大學英語四級真題及答案

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other

(B)more(D)other

42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment

(B)reaction(D)opinion

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing

(B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing

44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false

(B)unnatural(D)unreal

45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides

(B)affects(D)effects

46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

(A)in relation to(C)in excess of

(B)in contrast to(D)in favor of

47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose

(B)in person(D)by nature

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have

(B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having

49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking

(B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke

50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going

(B)than going(D)rather than to go

51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited

(B)to have invited(D)being invited

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account

(B)counting(D)observation

53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done

(B)must not have done(D)can not have done

54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up

(B)takes over(D)takes in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away

(B)got across(D)got over

56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace

(B)speed(D)growth

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is

(B)rarely is(D)is scarcely

58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing

(B)being known(D)known

59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused

(B)neglected(D)denied

60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough

(B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large

61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to

(B)hold to(D)see to

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than

(B)then(D)until

63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that

(B)which(D)whose

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to

(B)enough to(D)much so as to

65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed

(B)guilty(D)miserable

66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during

(B)at(D)over

67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

(A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose

(B)you suppose(D)you would suppose

68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except

(B)Besides(D)Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having

(B)has(D)to have

70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself

(B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A

61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A