第一篇：2018年七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Unit9Myfavoritesubjectisscience第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)版

第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空

一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1．She____________(say)English is interesting.2．When____________(be)your classes? 3．I____________(have)history next Tuesday.4．When do your____________(class)finish? 5．Mr.Wang is our____________(China)teacher.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、冠詞或連詞填空。1．____________10：00，I have music.2．I am busy____________Thursday.3．We go to school from Monday____________Friday.4．Math is difficult____________interesting.5．We have____________art lesson after Chinese.6．She has a P．E.lesson____________an hour.三、閱讀下面材料，寫出括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式或填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)，將答案寫在短文后的答題處。

Dear Jenny，I am very busy 1 Friday.At 8：00 I have math.It is not fun.The teacher 2(say)it is useful，but I think it is difficult.Then 3 9：00 I have science.It is difficult 4 interesting.At 10：00 I have history.5 that，I have P．E.at 11：00.It is easy and fun.Lunch is 6 12：00 to 1：00，and after that we have 7(China)．It is my favorite subject.8(we)Chinese teacher，Mrs.Wang，is great fun.My 9(class)finish at 1：50，but after that I have 10 art lesson for two hours.It is really relaxing!How about you？When are your classes？What is your favorite subject?

Your friend，Yu Mei

1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

參考答案

一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1．says 解析：根據(jù)主語(yǔ)she是第三人稱單數(shù)可知?jiǎng)釉~應(yīng)該用says。2．a(chǎn)re 解析：根據(jù)后面的classes是復(fù)數(shù)可知be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用are。3．have 解析：根據(jù)主語(yǔ)I，動(dòng)詞用have。

4．classes 解析：根據(jù)do可知主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，class的復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該為classes。5．Chinese 解析：根據(jù)后面的teacher可知應(yīng)該用形容詞Chinese。

二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~、冠詞或連詞填空。1．At 2.on 3.to 4.but 5.an 6.for

三、閱讀下面材料，寫出括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式或填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)，將答案寫在短文后的答題處。

1．on 2.says 3.at 4.but 5.After 6.from 7．Chinese 8.Our 9.classes 10.an 2

第二篇：2018年七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)StarterUnits1_3第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)版

第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面材料，寫出括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式或填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)，將答案寫在短文后的答題處。

Bob：Good morning，Helen!Helen：Good morning，Bob!Bob：How 1(be)you? Helen：I 2(be)fine.And you? Bob：I'm OK.Helen：What's this 3 English? Bob：It's 4 orange.It's 5 big(大的)orange.Helen： 6(spell)it，please.Bob：O-R-A-N-G-E.Helen：What 7(color)is it? Bob：It's 8(orange)．

Helen：And 9(what)is that? Bob：It's a pen.Helen： 10(thank)!1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.________ 10.__________

參考答案

1．a(chǎn)re 解析：考查be動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)后面的主語(yǔ)you可知be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用are。2．a(chǎn)m 解析：考查be動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)前面的主語(yǔ)I 可知be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用am。

3．in 解析：考查介詞。表示“用、以”，應(yīng)該用介詞in。in English“用英語(yǔ)”。

4．a(chǎn)n 解析：考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)后面的名詞orange的發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭，可知應(yīng)該用冠詞an。5．a(chǎn) 解析：考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)后面名詞orange前面有big修飾，且big以輔音開頭，可知應(yīng)該用冠詞a。

6．Spell 解析：考查動(dòng)詞。spell是動(dòng)詞，并且在句首，第一個(gè)字母應(yīng)該大寫。

7．color 解析：考查名詞。What color is it？“它是什么顏色的？”是固定句型。所以不用變。8．orange 解析：考查形容詞。句意：它是橘色的。orange“橘色的”是形容詞，根據(jù)句意不要變。9．what 解析：考查疑問代詞。What is that？“那是什么？”是固定句型。所以不用變。

10．Thanks 解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。thank“謝謝”，作名詞時(shí)，常用作復(fù)數(shù)，且句子首字母應(yīng)大寫。

第三篇：2018年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Unit9IlikemusicthatIcandanceto第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)版

第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面短文，寫出括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式或填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)，將答案寫在短文后的答題處。

A

One day，Tina sat on the chair and 1(watch)her mother do the dishes in the kitchen.Tina noticed that her mother had some white 2(hair)on her head.She looked 3 her mother and asked，“Why do you have some white hairs，Mum？”

Her mother answered，“Well，every time you do something wrong and make me 4(sadly)，one hair turns white.If you don't make me sad any more，I 5(have)black hair.”

The little girl thought for a while 6 then said，“Mum，I am going to listen to your words 7(careful)from today on and I would like 8(be)a good kid.Then you will not have so many white hairs，will you？” Her mother smiled and nodded.Tina's grandma 9(watch)TV in the living room.Tina glanced(看一眼)at her grandma and asked，“Mum，why is grandma's hair all white？Her children aren't good ones，are 10 ？” 1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

B

There are lots of jobs which we can do.Some are just ordinary(普通的)jobs and 1(other)are careers(職業(yè))，but each person likes something different.My favorite job is that of an 2(art)．You can paint beautiful 3 and you don't have to travel to get to work.Also，you don't have to do what other people tell you.You can decide what you are going to paint 4 then just do it.The only bad thing is that artists don't make 5 money.The 6(bad)job I can think of is a pilot's.You have to work for long hours and it's really 7(tired)and boring.If you make a serious mistake，things 8(go)wrong.It's so dangerous.The only good thing is that pilots 9(pay)a lot of money，but money isn't the most important thing about a job.In a word，every job 10(have)both good and bad things，but I think that artists have got the best job.1．__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．__________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

參考答案

A

1．watched 解析：該空與前面的sat是并列謂語(yǔ)，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致，故用一般過去時(shí)watched。2．hairs 解析：這里指一些白頭發(fā)，不是指整個(gè)一頭頭發(fā)，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式hairs。3．a(chǎn)t 解析：look at意為“看……”，是固定搭配，故填at。

4．sad 解析：“make sb.＋形容詞”是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故填sad。

5．will have 解析：這是if條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)態(tài)，故填will have。

6．a(chǎn)nd 解析：thought和said兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是先后承接關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用連詞and連接。

7．carefully 解析：該空作狀語(yǔ)，修飾前面的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“l(fā)isten to”，因此應(yīng)用副詞形式carefully。

8．to be 解析：would like to be/do...意為“愿意成為/做……”，是固定搭配。

9．was watching 解析：根據(jù)后一句“Tina glanced at her grandma”和該句的句意可知，這里表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而且是發(fā)生在過去，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。所以填was watching。10．they 解析：該句是反意疑問句，反問部分的人稱代詞要與前面的主語(yǔ)一致，該句主語(yǔ)是her children，故應(yīng)用第三人稱的復(fù)數(shù)代詞they。

B

1．others 解析：some...others是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“一些……另一些……”。

2．a(chǎn)rtist 解析：空格前由不定冠詞an修飾，且根據(jù)下文“You can paint beautiful...”可知，此處用artist最合適。

3．pictures 解析：上文提到最喜歡的工作是藝術(shù)家，因此此處指的是畫畫，故填pictures。4．a(chǎn)nd 解析：空前后為并列關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填連詞and。

5．much 解析：由“The only bad thing”可知，此處指的是缺點(diǎn)，由此可推斷，藝術(shù)家掙錢不多，money是不可數(shù)名詞，故用much修飾。

6．worst 解析：上文提到最喜歡的工作，因此此處指的是最差的工作，故應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)worst。7．tiring 解析：空格處和“boring”并列作表語(yǔ)，且用來說明事情，故填tiring。

8．will go 解析：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。9．a(chǎn)re paid 解析：“pay”和“pilots”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)are paid。10．has 解析：every修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填has。

第四篇：2018年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)Unit12Lifeisfulloftheunexpected第三節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空練習(xí)人教新目標(biāo)版

第三節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面短文，寫出括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式或填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)，將答案寫在短文后的答題處。

A

When I was young，I used to get into trouble with my classmates.My head teacher often said it was important 1(get)along well with others.However，I always thought I could do everything well by 2(my)．

At that time，I was not 3(interest)in my study at all.I really didn't want to go to school any longer.So I often slept in my classes.At last，nearly every teacher did not 4 attention to me.They gave me up.One day，my head teacher asked me to go to her office.To my surprise，she told me my classmates 5(choose)me to be the new monitor.I felt very happy 6 I had never been a monitor.I really wanted to be a good monitor.First，I made a 7(decide)to study hard.Even though I tried to work hard at every subject，I could not catch up 8 others.My classmates 9(help)me.I was moved.In the end，I got better at my study.And I took pride in 10(have)such good classmates.1．_________ 2._________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5._________ 6．_________ 7._________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10._________

B

Last week the manager of a jewelry shop received a letter from a 1(strange)．As he was very busy 2 his work then，the letter lay on his desk till teatime.He 3(open)it and 10 pounds dropped onto his desk.With the money was a letter which said： Dear Sir，I'm Peter.In 1935 I got engaged(訂婚)．But 4(unlucky)，I lost my job.Although I got 5 job again six months later，I was very short of money.I came to your shop 6(buy)a ring.The shop assistant showed some rings to me，but she 7(call)away for a moment，and I put one of the rings in my pocket.When she came 8，I said I didn't know the size of my girlfriend's finger.So I left the shop without 9(pay)for the ring.My wife died a short while ago and the fact that I never paid for the ring has been 10(heavily)in my heart all these years.At that time the ring cost two pounds，so I think that is ten pounds at today's price and I'm sending 10 pounds.Yours truly，A customer 1．_________ 2._________ 3.__________ 4.__________ 5.__________ 6．_________ 7._________ 8.__________ 9.__________ 10.__________

參考答案

A

1．to get 解析：It is＋adj.＋to do sth.是固定句式，意為“做某事是……的”。故此處填to get。2．myself 解析：by oneself是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。故此處填myself。

3．interested 解析：be interested in是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“對(duì)……感興趣”。故此處填interested。4．pay 解析：pay attention to是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“注意，留意”。故此處填pay。

5．had chosen 解析：該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“told”這一動(dòng)作之前，故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)即had chosen。6．because 解析：前后兩個(gè)分句為因果關(guān)系，前為果，后為因，故應(yīng)用連詞because。

7．decision 解析：空格處在句中作made的賓語(yǔ)，且前面有冠詞修飾，故應(yīng)用其名詞形式即decision。8．with 解析：catch up with是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“趕上”。故此處填with。9．helped 解析：根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)即helped。10．having 解析：空格處在句中作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填having。

B

1．stranger 解析：空前是冠詞a，因此該空用名詞單數(shù)形式，即stranger。

2．with 解析：be busy with sth.是固定搭配，意為“忙于……”。故此處填with。

3．opened 解析：該句是and連接的并列句，后一個(gè)分句是一般過去時(shí)，因此前面也用一般過去時(shí)，即opened。

4．unluckily 解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空是狀語(yǔ)，故用副詞形式即unluckily。

5．a(chǎn) 解析：根據(jù)句意可知，這里表示數(shù)量“一”，而且job的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。6．to buy 解析：此處用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)即to buy。

7．was called 解析：分析句子可知，call與主語(yǔ)she是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，因此要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即was called。

8．back 解析：上一句的“but she 7(call)away for a moment”說明她離開了，因此這里應(yīng)該表示“她回來的時(shí)候”。故填back。

9．paying 解析：without是介詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，即-ing形式即paying。

10．heavy 解析：空前是系動(dòng)詞be的完成形式，因此該空應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)即heavy。

第五篇：七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) 有關(guān)語(yǔ)法的巧計(jì)口訣 人教新目標(biāo)版

英語(yǔ)有關(guān)語(yǔ)法的巧計(jì)口訣 人教版下冊(cè)

一、冠詞基本用法

【速記口訣】

名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an，輔音前用a，an在元音前，若為特指時(shí)，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見，碰到代詞時(shí)，冠詞均不現(xiàn)。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一，也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有：①名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用；②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the；③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。

二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

【速記口訣】

單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，規(guī)則要記住，一般加s，特殊有幾處：

/s/結(jié)尾，es不離后，末尾字母o，大多加s，兩人有兩菜，es不離口，詞尾f、fe，s前有v和e；

沒有規(guī)則詞，必須單獨(dú)記。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 ①大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s，但如果單詞以/t?蘩/、蘩/、/s/發(fā)音結(jié)尾（也就是單詞如果以ch，sh，s，x等結(jié)尾），則一般加es；②以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人（negro，hero）兩菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f，fe變?yōu)関e再加s；④英語(yǔ)中還有些單詞沒有規(guī)則，需要特殊記憶，如child-children，mouse-mice，deer-deer，sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，ox-oxen，man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，tooth-teeth。

三、名詞所有格用法

【速記口訣】

名詞所有格，表物是“誰的”，若為生命詞，加“'s”即可行，詞尾有s，僅把逗號(hào)擇；

并列名詞后，各自和共有，前者分別加，后者最后加；

若為無生命詞，of所有格，前后須倒置，此是硬規(guī)則。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 ①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s，但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾，則只加“'”；②并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時(shí)，分別加“'s”，如果是共有，則只在最后名詞加“'s”；③如果是無生命的名詞則用of表示所有格，這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語(yǔ)不同，A of B要翻譯為B的A。

五、接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

【速記口訣】

Mrs.P Black missed a beef bag.（Ｐ?布萊克夫人丟了一個(gè)牛肉袋。）

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 該句話中每個(gè)字母代表了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞要求后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。這些動(dòng)詞分別是：

M=mind，r=risk，s=succeed in，P=practice，B=be busy，l=look forward to，a=admit，c=can't help，k=keep on，m=miss，i=insist on，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=be worth，a=advise，g=give up。

六、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省to的動(dòng)詞

【速記口訣】

一感，二聽，三讓，四看，半幫助

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 一感：feel；二聽：hear，listen to；三讓：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve；半幫助：help。

九、感嘆句用法

【速記口訣】

感嘆句，并不難，what、how放句前；

強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞用what，其余用how很簡(jiǎn)單。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句一般修飾名詞，而how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句一般修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。

十、賓語(yǔ)從句用法

【速記口訣】

賓語(yǔ)從句須注意，幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。

一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞，不同句子詞相異。

陳述句子用that；一般疑問是否（if，whether）替；特殊問句更好辦，引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。

二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)向前移。

三是語(yǔ)序要記清，從句永保陳述序。

【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】 賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意三點(diǎn)：①引導(dǎo)詞，陳述句一般由that引導(dǎo)，這時(shí)的that可以省略；一般疑問句則由if或whe-ther引導(dǎo)；而特殊疑問句則由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。②時(shí)態(tài)，主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)；但如果主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)所表示時(shí)間一般往前移一個(gè)時(shí)間段。③語(yǔ)序，賓語(yǔ)從句永遠(yuǎn)要用陳述句順序。初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 介詞用法口訣大全1 早、午、晚要用 in，at 黎明、午夜、點(diǎn)與分。

年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周，陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、帽 in。將來時(shí)態(tài) in...以后，小處 at 大處 in。有形 with 無形 by，語(yǔ)言、單位、材料 in。特征、方面與方式，心情成語(yǔ)慣用 in。

介詞 at 和 to 表方向，攻擊、位置、惡、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng)、值日 on，關(guān)于、基礎(chǔ)、靠、著論。

著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，準(zhǔn)。特定時(shí)日和“一……就”，on 后常接動(dòng)名詞。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of 之前 on 代 in。

步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 則用 in。at 山腳、門口、在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落、價(jià)、核心。工具、和、同隨 with，具有、獨(dú)立、就、原因。就……來說賓譯主，對(duì)、有、方狀、表細(xì)分。

海、陸、空、車、偶、被 by，單數(shù)、人類 know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣。over、under 正上下，above、below 則不然，若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無關(guān)。

beyond 超出、無、不能，against 靠著，對(duì)與反。besides，except 分內(nèi)外，among 之內(nèi) along 沿。同類比較 except，加 for 異類記心間。

原狀 because of, owing to，due to 表語(yǔ)形容詞。Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。Before，after 表一點(diǎn), ago，later 表一段。before 能接完成時(shí)，ago 過去極有限。

since 以來 during 間，since 時(shí)態(tài)多變換。與之相比 beside，除了 last but one。

復(fù)不定 for、找、價(jià)、原，對(duì)、給、段、去、為、作、贊。快到、對(duì)、向 towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、北、上、南。but for 否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。ing 型由于鑒，除了除外與包合。

之后、關(guān)于、在……方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。in 內(nèi) to 外表位置，山、水、國(guó)界 to 在前。

如大體掌握如上介詞用法口訣，就不易出錯(cuò)。當(dāng)然，至于介詞的詳盡用法，同形詞又是連詞及副詞等內(nèi)容此章不講。下面對(duì)該口訣分別舉例幫助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用 in 例：in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天

at 黎明、午、夜、點(diǎn)與分

例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時(shí)候

at noon 在中午at night 在夜間at midnight 在午夜 以上短語(yǔ)都不用冠詞

at six o'clock 在6點(diǎn)鐘

at 7：30(seven thirty)在7點(diǎn)半 at half past eleven 在11點(diǎn)半 at nine fifteen 在9點(diǎn)15 分

at ten thirty a.m.在上午10點(diǎn)30分也可以寫成 seven to five 5點(diǎn)差7分(半小時(shí)以上)five minutes after two 2點(diǎn)過5分 at a quarter to two 1點(diǎn)45分 at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周

即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日則用 on)，在四季，在第幾周等都要用 in。

例；in 1986 在1986 年 in 1927 在1927 年 in April 在四月 in March 在三月

in December, 1986 1986年12月 in July, l983 1983年7月

in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季

in the fist week of this semester 這學(xué)期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周 陽(yáng)光、燈、影、衣、冒 in，即在陽(yáng)光下，在燈下，在樹陰下，穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用 in。例：Don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。

They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light.他們?cè)诿髁恋臒艄庀聫?fù)習(xí)功課。They are sitting in the shade of a tree.他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。a prisoner in irons 帶著鐐銬的囚犯

He went in the rain to meet me at the station.他冒雨到車站去接我。

The poor dressed(clothed)in rags in old society.舊社會(huì)窮人們衣衫襤褸． 以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽(yáng)光下 a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人

the woman in white(black, red, yellow)穿著白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女 in uniform 穿著制服 in mourning 穿著喪服

in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋 in his shirt sleeves 穿著襯衫

將來時(shí)態(tài) in … 以后

例: They will come back in 10 days.他們將10天以后回來。I'll come round in a day or two.我一兩天就回來。We'll be back in no time.我們一會(huì)兒就回來。

Come and see me in two days' time.兩天后來看我。(從現(xiàn)在開始)

After …(從過去開始)小處 at 大處 in 例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well.Don't worry.李和我平安地到達(dá)黑山縣，一切很好，勿念。

I live in a great city(big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)，而我的父母則住在農(nóng)村。I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan.我住在遼寧省鞍山市． 有形 with 無形 by，語(yǔ)言、單位、材料 in 4

例：The workers are paving a road with stone.工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera.<<智取威虎山>>是-出好戲。(無形)The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.這種產(chǎn)品是用蒸餾分離出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法--無形)I really can't express my idea in English freely in

I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我確實(shí)不能用英語(yǔ)流利地表達(dá)我的思想。(表示某種語(yǔ)言用 in)I wrote a novel in Russian.我用俄語(yǔ)寫了一本小說。(同上)The kilometre 公里“>kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)度單位。(表示度、量、衡單位的用 in)The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.長(zhǎng)度是以米、公里、厘米為單位來計(jì)算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronze not in gold.這個(gè)牌匾是銅鑄的，不是金鑄的。特征、方面與方式、心情、成語(yǔ)慣用 in 特征或狀態(tài)：

例: The Democratic Party was then in power.那時(shí)民主黨執(zhí)政。They found the patient in a coma.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)病人處于昏迷狀態(tài)。

He has not been in good health for some years.他幾年來身體一直不好。

Many who came in despair went away in hope.許多人帶著絕望情緒而來，卻滿懷希望而去。

The house was in ruins.這房屋成了廢墟。

The poor girl was in tears.這個(gè)貧苦女孩淚流滿面。Her clothes were in rags.她的衣服穿破了。His shoes were in holes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun.我說這話只是開玩笑的。

She spoke in grief rather than in anger.與其說她講得很氣憤，不如說她講得很傷心。還有一些短語(yǔ)也用 in，如： in jest 詼諧地，in joke 開玩笑地，in spite 惡意地，in fairness 公正地，in revenge 報(bào)復(fù), in mercy 寬大，in sorrow 傷心地等。

His mind was in great confusion.他腦子里很亂。

Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都興高采烈，沒有一個(gè)情緒低落的。

She and her classmates are in flower ages.她和她的同學(xué)都正值妙齡。The campaign was in full swing.運(yùn)動(dòng)正值高潮中。方面：

例：We accepted the item in principle.我們?cè)谠瓌t上接受了這個(gè)條款。

They are never backward in giving their views.他們從來不怕發(fā)表自己的意見。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.這個(gè)落后的地區(qū)在糧食方面已能自給。

A good teacher must be an example in study.一個(gè)好的教師必須是學(xué)習(xí)的模范。

方式：

例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.所有報(bào)告都用速記記錄下來了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.黨一貫以愛國(guó)主義和國(guó)際主義精神教育我們。如下成語(yǔ)慣用 in 例：in all 總計(jì) in advance 事前

in the meantime 與此同時(shí) in place 適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

in hopes of(或 in the hope of)懷著……希望 in connection with 和……有關(guān) in contact with 和……聯(lián)系 in addition to 除……以外 in case of 倘若，萬一

in conflict with 和……沖突 in force 有效的，大批 in depth 徹底地 in regard to 關(guān)于

in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近in retrospect 回顧，一想起 in behalf of 代表……利益 in the least 一點(diǎn)，絲毫 in alarm 驚慌、擔(dān)心

in the opinion of 據(jù)……見解 in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)說來 in one's opinion 在……看來 in word 口頭上 in a word 總之

in vain 無益地, 白白地 in case 如果，萬一，以防 in detail 詳細(xì)地 in haste 急急忙忙地 in conclusion 總之 in spite of 盡管

in other words … 換句話說 in return 作為回報(bào)

in the name of 以……名義 be confident in 對(duì)……有信心 be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣 in doubt 懷疑 in love 戀愛中 in debt 負(fù)債

in fun(jest、joke)玩笑地 in hesitation 猶豫不決

in wonder 在驚奇中

in public(secret)公開他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情緒)好

”介詞 at、to 表方向，攻擊、位置、善、惡、分“。

介詞 at 和 to 都可以表示方向;用 at 表示方向時(shí)，側(cè)重于攻擊的目標(biāo)，往往表示惡意；用to 表示方向時(shí)，突出運(yùn)動(dòng)的位置或動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，側(cè)重表示善意。試比較下列各句：

1.A．She came at me.她向我撲過來。

B．She came to me.她向我走過來。

2．A．Jake ran at John.杰克向約翰撲過去。

B．Jake ran to John.杰克朝約翰跑去。

3．A.He rushed at the woman with a sword.他拿著劍向那婦女撲過去。

B.He rushed to the woman with a sword.他帶著劍向那婦女跑過去。

4．A．He shouted at the old man.他大聲喝斥那老人。

B.He shouted to the old man.他大聲向那老人說。

5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li.我聽見她在抱怨小李。

B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li.我聽見她在同小李低聲說話。

6．A.She talked at you just now.她剛才還說你壞話呢。

B．She talked to you just now.她剛才還同你談話呢.7．A．She threw a bone at the dog.她用一塊骨頭砸狗。

B．She threw a bone to the dog.她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。

8．A．He presented a pistol at me.他用手槍對(duì)著我。

B．He presented a pistol to me.他贈(zèng)送我一支手槍。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚;以下皆用 on。

例: on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日

on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日

on May the first 5月1日

on the first 1號(hào)

on the sixteenth 16號(hào)

on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日

on a summer evening 在夏天的一個(gè)夜晚

on Boxing Day 在節(jié)禮日(圣誕節(jié)次日)

on New Year's Day 在元旦

on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays 在圣誕節(jié)假期;in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀(jì);in ancient times 在古代;in earlier times 在早期;in modern times 在現(xiàn)代，則用 in，at the present time 現(xiàn)在，at the present day 當(dāng)今 則用 at。

on May Day 在”五?一“節(jié)

on winter day 在冬天

on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日

on Sunday 在星期天

on Monday 在星期一

on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨

on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午

on Friday evening 星期五晚上

但 last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上;on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，in time 及時(shí)，等則不同。

年月日，加早午晚，of 之前 on 代 in

例：on the morning of 18th 18日早晨

on the evening of 4th 4日晚上

On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech.他們?cè)谂R行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會(huì)，他們的團(tuán)長(zhǎng)發(fā)表了告別講話。

收音、農(nóng)場(chǎng)，值日 on

例：Did your supervisor like the story over(or on)the radio last night?

您的導(dǎo)師喜歡昨天從收音機(jī)里聽到的故事嗎?

I heard the news over(or on)the radio.我從收音機(jī)里聽到了這一條消息。

talk over the radio 由無線電播音

on TV 從電視里……

hear something on the wireless 在無線電里聽到

My brother works on an Army reclamation farm.我哥哥在一個(gè)軍墾農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。

The students are working on a school farm.學(xué)生們正在校辦農(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)。

This is a farmer's house on a farm.這是農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)舍。

Who is on duty, today? 今天誰值日?

We go on duty at 8 a.m.我們上午8點(diǎn)鐘上班 例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我們要聽關(guān)于國(guó)際形勢(shì)的報(bào)告。

Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.申教授將給我們做關(guān)于美國(guó)之行的報(bào)告。

You are wrong on all these issues.在這些問題上你的看法都錯(cuò)了。

The belief is based on practical experience.這種信念是以實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的。Theory must be based on practice.理論必須以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)。The people in the south live on rice.南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries.城市人靠薪金生活。

You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month． 靠月薪100 元的收入，你是買不起奢侈品的。

Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food． 她用精飼料喂養(yǎng)她心愛的狗。

He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people.他正是一個(gè)小偷，?？繐p害別人過日子。

Keep the kettle on the boil(=boiling).讓水壺的水一直開著。The enemy are on the run(=running).敵人在逃跑。

On 后接 the 加上一個(gè)作名詞的動(dòng)詞．其意義與現(xiàn)在分詞所表達(dá)的相近。類似例子很多如： on the march 在行軍中，on the mend 在好轉(zhuǎn)中，on the prowl 徘徊，on the move 活動(dòng)中，on the scrounge 巧取豪奪(俚語(yǔ))，on the go 活躍，忙碌，on the lookout 注意, 警戒，on the watch 監(jiān)視著。on the hop 趁不備抓住某人等等。

on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<實(shí)踐論>>和<<矛盾論>> on the People's Democratic Dictatorship <<論人民民主專政>> 8

”on Coalition Government“<<論聯(lián)合政府>> 著、罷、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、準(zhǔn)

注：口訣中的”著“是指著火，”罷“指罷工，”偷“指偷偷地，”公“指出差、辦公事；”假“指休假，”準(zhǔn)“指準(zhǔn)時(shí)。

例：The house next to mine was on fire.我鄰居的房子著火了。

The workers of the railway station were on strike.鐵路工人罷工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。

Do something on the sly(quiet).秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。I've come here on business.我是有公事來的。

They went to Bern on a mission.他們到伯爾尼去執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)使命。They have been away on a long trip.他們出去做一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。I'll go home on leave next month.下月我將休假回家。

I went on business to Shanghai.I did not take leave.我是公出去上海的，不是不告而別。

She came to see you on purpose.她是專程來看你的。

He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.他到這來是要與你討論這件事的。”This lunch is on me.“"這頓午飯我付錢。” “No.let's go Dutch.”“不，還是各付各的?！?On the contrary, it was very easy to understand.相反，這事兒很容易理解。P1ease come on time.(on schedule).請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來。注：in time 是“及時(shí)”的意思。

The train arrived on schedule.火車準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。

特定時(shí)間和“一……就”，左右 on 后動(dòng)名詞

例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling.氣體加熱時(shí)膨脹，冷卻時(shí)收縮。(特定時(shí)間)On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.一進(jìn)屋，他就發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朋友們?cè)谟淇斓靥琛?/p>

On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang.一到城里他就給老楊打了一個(gè)電話。I'll write to him on hearing from you.我接到你的來信就給他寫信。(一……就)以及 on the left, right 向左向右，on the stair 在臺(tái)階上等。步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 用 in 例：On foot 步行;on horse 騎馬;on donkey 騎驢。

He rode on, blood flowing from his side.他騎著馬，鮮血從腰部流下來。

The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.為趕上部隊(duì)，那位八路軍戰(zhàn)士騎馬日行百里。Go on horse back!騎馬去！

You are having me on!你和我開玩笑呢!in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。at 山腳、門口在當(dāng)前，速、溫、日落價(jià)核心

即在山腳下、在門口、在目前，速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時(shí)、在……核心要用at。例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.在山腳下，有我們30 個(gè)同志。

There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山腳下有一個(gè)美麗的湖。At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.門口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。

Who's standing there at the door? 誰站在門口? I don't need the dictionary at present.我現(xiàn)在還不需要這本詞典。He is at present in Washington.他目前正在華盛頓。

The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour.火車每小時(shí)行駛50 公里。We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.我們以最低的投資，最高的速度修建了該工廠。at home 在國(guó)內(nèi)，在家里

at ten degrees centigrade 在攝氏10 度

at minus ten degrees centigrade 攝氏零下10 度

Water freezes at 0°centigrade.水在攝氏零度結(jié)冰。

Water usually boils at 100°.水通常在攝氏100 度沸騰。at zero 在零度

at the rate of 45 miles an hour at full speed 全速 at a good price 高價(jià) at a low cost 低成本

at a great cost 花了很大代價(jià) at that time 在當(dāng)時(shí)

Evaporation takes place at all temperatures.蒸發(fā)在任何溫度下都能發(fā)生。at 1000 RPM(revolution per minute)每分鐘1000 轉(zhuǎn) at a high speed 高速

The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.戰(zhàn)士們?cè)谌章鋾r(shí)對(duì)敵人發(fā)起了攻擊。at daybreak 日出時(shí)

The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們事業(yè)的核心力量是中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨。

The atom has a nucleus at its core.在原子的中心有一個(gè)原子核。

At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us.這學(xué)期開始，我們的班主任老師對(duì)我們要求非常嚴(yán)格。

以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China.在中華人民共和國(guó)第一次全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)第一次會(huì)議上.常用的 at 短語(yǔ)有: at first 首先，開始時(shí) at least 至少

at all events 無論如何 at home 在家，無拘束 at one stroke 一下子 at a loss 不知怎辦 at any rate 不管怎樣 at length 詳細(xì)地

be at high tide 處于高潮期

at our invitation 應(yīng)我們的邀請(qǐng) at our request 應(yīng)我們的請(qǐng)求 at the news 聽到這消息 at the risk of 冒……危險(xiǎn) at a great expense 以巨大費(fèi)用 at a stroke 一舉 at intervals of 每隔 at liberty 有權(quán)，隨意 at the sight of 一見到 at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到 at the speed of 以……速度

at the cost(price)of 以……為代價(jià) at leisure 閑著、失業(yè)

at the disposal of 任憑……使用 at stake 在危險(xiǎn)中、在成敗關(guān)頭 at bottom 實(shí)際上、本質(zhì)上 at short notice 一得到通知 at seeing us 看到我們

at the happy tidings 聽到喜訊 at sixteen 在16歲時(shí)

at the present stage 在現(xiàn)階段 at the weekend 周末 at all times 永遠(yuǎn)

at 405 Victory Road 在勝利路405號(hào)

工具、同、和、隨 with，具有，獨(dú)立、就、原因

例：We write with ball pens.我們用油筆寫字。(工具)

但 He write in blue ink.他用藍(lán)水筆寫字(墨水用 in 不用 with)

Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理論必須同實(shí)踐相結(jié)合。(同)

He is talking with friends.他正同朋友們談話。(同)

I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.我喜歡同朋友共同進(jìn)餐。

We must co-operate closely with them.我們必須同他們緊密合作。(同)

We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours.我們雖然就要走了，但是友誼卻在我們之間扎了根，我們的心和你們的心是緊緊相連的。(和或同〕

A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必須和群眾打成一片。

I'm with you.我同意你。

An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope.原子太小，即使用顯微鏡也看不見它。(工具)

In the past I had to part with my wife.舊社會(huì)我不得不和妻子離別。(和)

The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社會(huì)主義革命日益深入。(隨著)

They sail with the wind.他們順風(fēng)航行。(隨著)

With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be 11

transformed too.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的改變，上層建筑也必須改變。(隨著)

With the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.滑鐵盧一戰(zhàn)，拿破侖對(duì)歐洲的統(tǒng)治就完蛋了。

The modern electron tube.隨著電子管的發(fā)明而誕生了現(xiàn)代電子工業(yè)．

She is with child.= She is in a very interesting condition.= in a family way, = She is pregnant(in pregnancy).她懷孕了。(有)

但 She is with a child．意為:“她領(lǐng)著一個(gè)孩子?！?/p>

China is a very large country with a long history.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的大國(guó)。(具有)

China is a country with a population of ten billion people.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有10 億人口的國(guó)家。（具有）

What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就，關(guān)于)

How is it with you? 你怎么啦？(就，關(guān)于)

Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。(就……)

It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.由于聚集了大量的能，所以閃光非常強(qiáng)烈。（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

注；即分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用 with。

With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only.由于新的焊接技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，不銹鋼的使用就不僅僅局限在微小的物件上了。(獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))

With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.由于激光的光束同步，所以它具有普通光所沒有的特殊性質(zhì)。(獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))

Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another.沒有溫度或壓力的變化，物質(zhì)永遠(yuǎn)不能以一種狀態(tài)變到另一種狀態(tài)。(獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu))

The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那個(gè)萬惡的地主嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。(原因)

My wife's hands were rough with work.我愛人因?yàn)槔细苫?，手很租糙?原因)．

With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice of America and B.B.C every day.借助于我同學(xué)的錄音機(jī)，我每天收聽美國(guó)之音和B.B.C。(原因)

With television, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres.因?yàn)橛辛穗娨暎覀冏诩依锞湍芸吹礁鞣N節(jié)目, 而不必去影院、戲院了。(原因)

就……來說賓譯主，對(duì)、有、方狀、表細(xì)分

這里的 with 后邊的賓語(yǔ)常譯成主語(yǔ)。

例：How are the things with you? 你情況怎樣？

What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦?

Something is wrong with my hands.我手出點(diǎn)毛病。

Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進(jìn)行得很順利。

Parents must be strict with their children.父母對(duì)子女要嚴(yán)格。(對(duì))

The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位醫(yī)生對(duì)患者非常耐心。(對(duì))

I'm quite satisfied with your answer.我對(duì)你的回答很滿意。(對(duì))12

Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas.許多帶有革命傾向的知識(shí)分子都投奔解放區(qū)了。(有)

These apartment houses are for workers with families.這些住宅樓是給有家屬的工人蓋的。

He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他兩手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(狀語(yǔ))獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.它們是高度機(jī)械化的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，所有工作都由機(jī)器進(jìn)行。(狀語(yǔ))獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

上兩句是 with 引出的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

I will be with you again in half an hour.過半個(gè)鐘頭我還會(huì)跟你們?cè)谝黄鸬摹?/p>

(with 的介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。另注意 in 將來時(shí)態(tài) in 以后)

Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution.我們是非常同情“文革”中被“四人幫”迫害的青年學(xué)生的。(with 的介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ))。

海、陸、空、車、偶、被 by，單數(shù)人類 known to man

例: by land(air, sea, water, bus)陸路(航空，水陸，水路，乘公共汽車)

by micro bus 坐小面包車(微型汽車)

by mini bus 坐小面包車

by train 坐火車

by trolley bus 坐無軌電車

by tram 坐有軌電車

by bike 騎自行車

by motor car 騎摩托車

by tube 坐地鐵

by airbus 坐大型客機(jī)(空中汽車〕

by jeep 坐吉普車

by chance 偶然

by accident 偶然，無意中

以及 by virtue of 靠、由于

by leaps and bounds 大幅度地

by way of 經(jīng)由

by the book 按常規(guī)

The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book.偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以寫一本很厚的書。(偶然)

The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein.相對(duì)論是愛因斯坦創(chuàng)立的。(被動(dòng))

The book was written by Mr.Zhang.這本書是張先生寫的。(被動(dòng))

That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man.1969 年第一顆人造衛(wèi)星上了天是眾所周知的。

這里用 to man 而不用 by。即當(dāng)單數(shù)又無冠詞的 man 和 known 搭配時(shí)，表示人類不用 by。

this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one 13

接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習(xí)慣

例：一天 one day(不說 on one day)

one summer 在一個(gè)夏天

one year 一年

last night 昨天夜里

last Friday 上個(gè)星期五

last month 上月

last year 去年

yesterday afternoon 昨天下午

tomorrow afternoon 明天下午

tomorrow evening 明天晚上

next month 下個(gè)月

next week 下周 next year 明年

next Saturday 下星期六

this morning 今天早晨

this year 今年

this Tuesday 本星期二

this Autumn 今年秋天

that morning 那天早上

that evening 那天晚上

無論前面介詞 in、on 還是 at，通通可省略，不能說 at last night, on last Friday, in last month, in this year 這些都是不對(duì)的，須去掉介詞。

over, under 正上下，above, below 則不然

若與數(shù)量詞連用，混合使用亦無關(guān)

例：There is a picture over the window.窗戶上面有一幅畫。(正上方)

The plane flew above the city.飛機(jī)飛過城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方)

A lamp was hanging over the table.一盞燈是在方桌上方。(正上方)

The moon was now above the trees in the east.這時(shí)月亮已經(jīng)在東邊樹林的上方。(非正上方)

Don't stand above the masses.勿高踞于群眾之上。(比喻一一非正上方)

The mountain is 700 feet above sea level.這座山海拔700米。(非正上方)

There is a small building below the hill.山下有座小樓房。(非正下方)

There is a submarine under the water.水下有艘潛水艇。(正下方)

Water was found ten feet below the surface.在地面下10英尺處找到了水。(非正下方)

The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees.農(nóng)民們正在樹下乘涼。(正下方)

over under 正上下，低高 below 與 above

The temperature in the room is below(or under)30℃.室溫是攝氏30度以下。(數(shù)量詞兩者皆可)

Do you have anything in the way of computers below(under)$10000? 14

你們有哪些價(jià)格低于10000美元的計(jì)算機(jī)?

（數(shù)量詞兩者皆可〕

beyond 超出、無、不能

例：It's quite beyond me(It is more than I can understand).這我完全不懂。

Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外呆到10點(diǎn)以后還不回家。

But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control.發(fā)自肺腑的對(duì)學(xué)生們和我的老同事們的感激之心使我毫不緊張，毫不拘束；

Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.你的成績(jī)是贊揚(yáng)不盡的。

That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.那樣開玩笑太過火了。

They were touched beyond words.他們被感動(dòng)得無法形容。(無)

To do this was quite beyond all doubts.辦這事我無能為力。(超出)

This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.這是必然的，毫無疑義的。(無)

另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.句子中的 beyond 是“那邊”的意思。

against 靠著，對(duì)與反

例: In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door.立柜前面是兩把沙發(fā)椅，靠著南城門附近。（靠著）

She leaned wearily against the railings.她疲憊地靠著欄桿站著。(靠著)

A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.新總統(tǒng)以274票對(duì)110票的多數(shù)當(dāng)選。(對(duì)……)

besides, except 分內(nèi)外，among 之內(nèi) along 沿

例：The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.除費(fèi)用低外，該設(shè)計(jì)還有許多其他優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括在內(nèi))

He had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.他沒有時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備講稿，而且他的身體也不大舒適。

Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition.除她外，我們都去參觀了展覽會(huì)。

He gets up early every day except Sunday.除星期日外他每天早起。

Nobody was late except me.除我以外，沒人遲到。