第一篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案02烴的命名

第二課

烴的命名

一、有關(guān)單詞 alkanes 鏈狀烷烴 nomenclature 命名法 structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì) Prefix 詞頭，前綴 烷烴

飽和開(kāi)鏈（非環(huán)）烴（CnH2n+2）以-ane作為詞尾來(lái)命名，前四個(gè)烴采用俗名，其余烷烴英文名稱(chēng)的前面部分來(lái)自希臘文詞頭，表示碳原子數(shù)目，后接詞尾-ane。如果詞頭中最后一個(gè)字母為a，則將a省去。

Si前綴：

0.1 hemi 1 mono 1.5 sesqui 2 di(bis)3 tri(tris)4 tetra(tetrakis)5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca 11 undeca 12 dodeca 13 trideca 14 tetradeca 15 pentadeca 16 hexadeca 17 heptadeca 18 octadeca 19 nonadeca 20 icosa 21 henicosa 22 docosa 30 triaconta 31hentriaconta 32 dotriaconta 40 tetraconta 41 hentetraconta 42 dotetraconta 50 pentaconta 60 hexaconta 70 heptaconta 80 octaconta 90 nonaconta 100 hectaaconta 110 decahecta 120 icosahecta 130 triacontahecta 132 dotriacontahecta 烷烴命名：見(jiàn)課本

若側(cè)鏈烷基不只出現(xiàn)一次，用二(di-)、三(tri-)、四(tetra-)等表示。命名時(shí)，側(cè)鏈名稱(chēng)依字母順序（不包括倍數(shù)詞頭）列出。側(cè)鏈的名稱(chēng)按全稱(chēng)從第一個(gè)字母開(kāi)始考慮排列順序。

烷基的命名是把烷烴中的-ane變成-yl 注意詞頭異(iso-）、新(neo-)、仲(sec-)、叔(tert-)的用法，并注意外文何時(shí)使用斜體字。斜體詞頭不納入字母順序排列，因而仲丁基(sec-butyl)列在異丁基(tert-butyl)之前。

如：CH3CH2CH(CH3)2

2-methylbutane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3

3-methylpentane CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2C(CH3)3

5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)

3-ethyl-6-methyloctane CH3CH2CH2CH2C(C(CH3)3)2CH2CH(CH3)2

4,4-bis(tert-butyl)-2-methyloctane 亞基的命名：用-ylidene代替-ane。例外：對(duì)于甲烷而言，亞甲基methylene而不是methylidene。

Alkanes 烷烴

Ideally, every organic compound should have a name that clearly describes its structure and from which a structural formula can be drawn.最好每一種有機(jī)化合物都有一個(gè)能清楚的描述其結(jié)構(gòu)的名字，通過(guò)它的名字能畫(huà)出結(jié)構(gòu)式。For this purpose, chemists throughout the world have accepted a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC).為此，全世界的化學(xué)家們普遍接受一套由國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)建立的規(guī)則。This system is known as the IUPAC system, or alternatively, the Geneva system because the first meetings of the IUPAC were held in Geneva, Switzerland.這系統(tǒng)就是IUPAC 系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)镮UPAC的第一次會(huì)議在瑞士的日內(nèi)瓦舉行也叫Geneva系統(tǒng)。The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consists of two parts:(1)a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in the chain;and(2)the ending-ane, to show that the compound is an alkane.IUPAC 對(duì)不帶分支的碳原子鏈的命名分兩部分：（1）詞頭表明鏈中碳原子的數(shù)目；（2）后面的-ane表明化合物是烷烴。Prefixes used to show the presence of from one to 20 carbon atoms are given in Table 1 前綴用來(lái)表示1-20之間的碳原子數(shù)，如表1所示。

Table 1

prefixes used in the IUPAC system to indicate 1 to 20 carbon atoms in a chain 表1

IUPAC系統(tǒng)中表示鏈中有1-20個(gè)碳原子的前綴

Prefix number of carbon atoms碳原子的前綴 Prefix number of carbon atoms meth 1 undec 11 eth 2 dodec 12 prop 3 tridec 13 but 4 tetradec 14 pent 5 pentadec 15 hex 6 hexadec 16 hept 7 heptadec 17 oct 8 octadec 18 non 9 nonadec 19 dec 10 eicos 20 The IUPAC name of a substituted alkane consists of a parent name, which indicates the longest chain of carbon atoms in the compound, and substituted names, which indicate the groups attached to the parent chain.IUPAC對(duì)有取代的烷烴的命名由兩部分組成：主鏈名，表示化合物中最長(zhǎng)的碳鏈的碳原子數(shù)目；取代基名，表示連在主鏈上的取代基。

CH3－CH2－CH2－CH(CH3)－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH2－CH3 A substituent group derived from an alkane is called an alkyl group.由烷烴衍生而來(lái)的取代基叫做烷基。The letter R-is commonly used to show the presence of an alkyl group.通常用字母R-表示烷基的存在。Alkyl groups are named by dropping the-ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix-yl.烷基通常是通過(guò)去掉母烴的-ane并加上后綴-yl來(lái)命名的。For example, the alkyl substituent CH3CH2－ is named ethyl.例如，CH3CH2–被命名為乙基。

CH3CH3

CH3CH2－

ethane(parent hydrocarbon)

ethyl group(an alkyl group)Following are the rules of the IUPAC system for naming alkanes.下面是IUPAC體系命名的規(guī)則：

1.The general name of a saturated hydrocarbon is alkane.飽和的碳?xì)浠衔锿ǔＣ麨橥闊N。

2.For branched-chain hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon derived from the longest chain of carbon atoms is taken as the parent chain, and the IUPAC name is derived from that of the parent chain.對(duì)于支化型碳?xì)浠衔?，將含碳原子最多的最長(zhǎng)的碳鏈作為母體，IUPAC的名字就由母鏈而來(lái)。

3.Group attached to the parent chain is called substituents.Each substituent is given a name and a number.The number shows the carbon atom of the parent chain to which the substituent is attached.連在母鏈上的基團(tuán)叫做取代基。每個(gè)取代基都被賦予一個(gè)名字和一個(gè)數(shù)字。數(shù)字表示取代基是連在哪一個(gè)母鏈的碳原子上。

4.If the same substituent occurs more than once, the number of each carbon of the parent chain on which the substituent occurs is given.In addition, the number of times the substituent group occurs is indicated by a prefix di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and so on.如果不止一次相同的取代，就要給出母鏈上每一個(gè)碳原子發(fā)生該取代的次數(shù)。另外，取代基出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)的數(shù)字用前綴di-.tri-,tetra-,penta-等表示。

5.If there is one substituent, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives it the lower number.If there are two or more substituents, the parent chain is numbered from the end that gives the lower number to the substituent encountered first.如果只有一次取代，母鏈從給它最小數(shù)字的一端開(kāi)始標(biāo)記數(shù)字，如果有兩種或者更多的取代，母鏈從給第一個(gè)取代基最小數(shù)字的一端開(kāi)始標(biāo)記。

6.If there are two or more different substituents, they are listed in alphabetical order.When listing substituents, the prefixes iso-and neo-are considered in alphabetizing.The prefixes sec-and tert-are ignored in alphabetizing substituents.Further, the multiplying prefixes di, tri, tetra, and so on are also ignored in alphabetizing substituents.如果有兩種或者兩種以上不同的取代，取代依照字母的順序列出。當(dāng)按字母列出取代時(shí)，可以將前綴iso-和neo-考慮進(jìn)去。前綴sec-和tert-在按字母順序表示取代時(shí)是不采用的。此外，表示多倍的前綴di, tri, tetra等在這個(gè)體系中也不采用。

Alkenes烯烴

Alkanes have a single bond between the carbon atoms.烷烴碳碳原子間是單鍵。Alkenes have a double bond(two bonds)between two of the carbon atoms.烯烴的兩個(gè)碳原子間是雙鍵。

C=C Consider two carbon atoms connected by a double bond.考慮到兩個(gè)碳原子間由一個(gè)雙鍵連接。Since this double bond uses four electrons from both carbons, a total of only four hydrogen atoms will satisfy all of the remaining bonds.因?yàn)檫@種雙鍵要從兩個(gè)碳原子中占用四個(gè)電子，總共只要四個(gè)氫原子就能滿足所有其它的鍵。Recall that a single bond represents a pair of shared electrons;a double bond represents two pairs of shared electrons.回顧一下：?jiǎn)捂I表示一對(duì)共用的電子；雙鍵表示兩對(duì)共用的電子。This compound thus becomes CH2=CH2 因此這種化合物為CH2=CH2 And has the molecular formula C2H4.分子式為C2H4。It is called ethene.叫做烯烴。Alkynes炔烴

Consider two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond.考慮三鍵連接著的兩個(gè)碳原子 －C≡C－

How many hydrogen atoms must be connected to these two carbon atoms to satisfy all the bond requirements? 這樣的兩個(gè)碳原子必須連接多少氫原子才能滿足所有鍵的要求。The answer is two, so the molecular formula of this compound is C2H2.答案是兩個(gè)，因此這種化合物的分子式是C2H2。This compound is called ethyne.這種化合物稱(chēng)為炔烴。Its structure is 結(jié)構(gòu)是

H－C≡C－H

第二篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案

專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案（其中放假1次，期中習(xí)題課1次）

Unit 1 TECTONICS(4課時(shí))（1：The structure of the earth 2：plate tectonic

3：Earthquakes）

一、Word and phrase core;mantle;crust 地核；地幔；地殼 continental crust

大陸地殼

granite;basalt

花崗巖；玄武巖 sial;sima硅鋁層；硅鎂層

surface waves;body..面波；體波 epicentre;focus

震中；震源

lithosphere

巖石圈 tectonic plate

構(gòu)造板塊 continetal drift

大陸漂移

asthenosphere

軟流層 ocean ridge 洋脊 ocean trench 海溝

subduction 俯沖作用

volcanism

火山作用

fold mountain

褶皺山脈

fold;fault

褶皺；斷層 sedimentary rocks 沉積巖

vent

火山口

lava

熔巖 volcanic cones 火山錐

parasitic cone

寄生火山錐

plug

巖頸

volcanic ash

火山灰

二、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

1..Within the crust, intricate patterns are created when rocks are redistributed and deposited in layers through the geologic processes of eruption and intrusion of lava, erosion, and consolidation of rock particles, and solidification and recrystallization of porous rock.2.The lithosphere is a relatively inflexible and buoyant layer.It is the layer which floats on the material underneath and as it moves carries the continents that produce continental drift.3.There are three types of plate boundaries:

Divergent(diverge, divergence)boundaries--where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.Convergent(converge, convergent)boundaries--where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.Transform boundaries--where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.4.Earthquakes occur when normal movement of the crust are concentrated into a single shock of a series of sudden shocks.三、詞匯解釋 ocean ridges continental rift rift valley convergent trench arc and back-arc-basin system transcurrent fault abyssal intrusion fold mountains sendimentary rock Unit 2 WEATHERING（4課時(shí)）

(1：Weathering 2：Controls on weathering)

一、Word and phrase mechanical weathering

機(jī)械風(fēng)化 chemical weathering

化學(xué)風(fēng)化 freeze-thaw

凍融

pressure release

卸荷釋重 limestone

石灰?guī)r

hydrolysis

水解作用 quartz

石英

hydration 水合作用 oxidation 氧化作用 alluvium

沖擊層 gravel

砂礫

denudation

剝蝕作用 precipitation

降水 climatic zone

氣候帶 mid-latitude

中緯度

semi-arid

半干旱

tropical wet-dry

熱帶干濕季氣候 watershed

分水嶺 drainage basin

流域

regolith

風(fēng)化層

二、重點(diǎn)

1.The disintegration(breaking into parts)of rock that takes place at or near the surface of the earth is called weathering.2.PHYSICAL WEATHERING It occurs when a force is applied to rock, causing it to disintegrate into its basic components(what it makes of).temperature changing--it expands and contracts rock particles to breaks rock apart.frost action--it condenses water vapor in cooling air to form water that seeps into cracks in rock.organic(have life)activity--plants or other organisms grow and burrow(go into)into cracks in rock, so the rock crumble over time.3.CHEMICAL WEATHERING The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.The agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain 4.WeatheringThe movement of weathered material from the site of weathering.Primary agent is gravity, but gravity acts in concert with running water.5.control on weathering-climate

-precipitation-variations in the depth of wreathing for climatic zones from the pole to the tropocs

-geology(chemical composition;the natural of cements in sedimentary rock;joint and bedding plants)

三、詞語(yǔ)翻譯 weathering crust weathering joint mineral deposit by weathering weathering of rock mass decomposition product decomposition reaction disintegration coefficient To move back and forth alternately.a mineral substance waste substance

A simple substance, mixture mechanical weathering landscape marble landscape ecosystem moisture equivalent

measurement of soil moisture constant.fluctuation of temperature

Unit 3 SLOPES（2課時(shí)）

(1：Slope

2：Slope controls 3：Theories of slope evolution movements)

一、words and phrase soil creep

土壤蠕動(dòng) mass movement

塊體運(yùn)動(dòng) strata

地層

overland runoff

地表徑流 sheet wash

片狀沖刷

pediment

山前侵蝕平原（山足面）rockfall山崩

landslide

滑坡

二、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

1.slope(definition)2.factor of controlling slope development-climate-geology-vegetation-soil cover-human activity 3.theories of slope evolution-slope decline:w.m.davies

4：Mass

-slope replacement:waltherpenck

-slope retreat:l.c.king

4.mass movement-small movement(soil creep)-fast movement(avalanches)

三、翻譯句子 Mass movements are part of a continuum of erosional processes between weathering and stream transport.Mass movement causes regolith and rock to move down-slope where sooner or later the loose particles will be picked up by another transporting agent and eventually moved to a site of deposition such as an ocean basin or lake bed.Unit 4 HYDTOLOGY（2課時(shí)）The river basin hydrological cycle 2：Drainage basin hydrology 3：Seasonal variations in river flow: the regime

一、words and phrase interception

截流

evapotranspiration 蒸發(fā)和蒸騰總量 capillary rise

毛管上升 aeration zone

包氣帶

overland flow;interflow;base flow

地表徑流；壤中流；地下徑流 water table

潛水面（水位）

basin length;area 流域長(zhǎng)度;流域面積 tributary 支流； trunk stream 干流

drainage density

河網(wǎng)密度

二、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

1.The basin hydrological cycle –input(precipitation)and outputs(evapotranspiration and runoff)-interception by vegetation-soil moisture and infiltration

2.The definition of the drainage basin is the area which drains into a particular river or river system.（precipitation via interception, soil moisture and groundwater storage, evapotranspiration）3.Basin plan

4.Stream ordering

6.Drainage density

三、課后練習(xí)

Main components P

precipitation E

evaporation T

transpiration I

infiltration R

runoff G

ground water flow Ic

interception Unit 5 The long profile and Rivers as sediment systems（2課時(shí)）

一、words and phrase upper;middle;lower reach 上中下游 vertical erosion

下切侵蝕 headward erosion

溯源侵蝕 lateral erosion

側(cè)蝕 pot-hole

壺穴 meander

曲流 ox-bow lake

牛軛湖 delta

三角洲 lake basin

湖盆 levee

天然提

rill and gully erosion 細(xì)溝、沖溝侵蝕 clay;silt;sand;粘土；粉砂；砂

suspended sediment

懸浮沉積物 atmospherical fallout

大氣沉降 laminar flow

層流 turbulent flow

紊流 riffle;pool 淺灘；深槽

channel roughness

河道粗糙度

二、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容

1.As rivers evolve through time and over distance the stream passes through a series of distinct stages: youth(lakes, waterfalls, and rapids, initial uplift)middle youth(headward erosion, deepening of channel)early maturity(a smoothly profile, floodplain)approaching full maturity(meanders, river in equilibrium)full maturity(broad floodplain and freely menders)

2.critical erosion velocity

3.type of flow-laminar flow and turbulent flow

三、理解下圖內(nèi)容

Cross-sectional shape varies with position in the stream, and discharge.Thedeepest part of channel occurs where the stream velocity is the highest.Both width and depth increase downstream because discharge increases downstream.As discharge increases the cross sectional shape will change, with the stream becoming deeper and wider.Unit 6 Meanders and Deltas and estuaries（2課時(shí)）

sandbar

沙壩 thalweg中泓線 estuary 河口

lagoon

瀉湖 salinity

鹽度 coastline

海岸線 dune

沙丘

suspension;saltation;creep

懸移；躍移；蠕移 dust storm

塵暴 windward;leeward

迎風(fēng)；背風(fēng) prevailing wind

盛行風(fēng) deflation hollow

風(fēng)蝕凹地

二、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容 1.helicoidal flow

2.the wavelength of meanders is dependent on three majors of factors: channel width, discharge, and the nature of the bed and banks.3.factors of affect the formation of deltas: amount and calibre of load, salinity, gradient of coastline , vegetation, low energy river discharge.4.three forms of deltas: arcuate, cuspate, bird’s foot.5.estuaries occur where a coastal area has recently subsided or the ocean level has risen, causing the lower part of the river to be drowned.三、理解下列句子

TerracesGlaciers erode in several ways.:Abrasion and plucking.sediment transportation Glacial Deposition 4.Landforms produced by mountain: Cirques, Glacial Valleys, Arêtes, Horns.三、理解下列圖片內(nèi)容。

第三篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案

課程名稱(chēng)：計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) 授課教師：常文慧 教學(xué)課時(shí)：2學(xué)時(shí)

授課班級(jí)：計(jì)科1101-1105班

授課內(nèi)容：Basic Computer Hardware Components

一、教學(xué)要求

1、掌握計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部、外部常用部件名稱(chēng)

2、熟悉輸入設(shè)備（input devices）、輸出設(shè)備(output devices)的組成

3、了解計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)詞匯的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)

4、在對(duì)教材全文的翻譯過(guò)程中掌握專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的寫(xiě)作技巧

二、教學(xué)目的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)的一門(mén)必修課，通過(guò)讓學(xué)生閱讀、討論計(jì) 算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)等專(zhuān)業(yè)有關(guān)的英語(yǔ)詞匯和文章翻譯，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀、翻譯及寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的能力，擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)面和提高外語(yǔ)能力。

三、教學(xué)方法

以文字教材為基礎(chǔ)，以精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合強(qiáng)化教學(xué)的重、難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，結(jié)合課上與學(xué)生的互動(dòng)，以學(xué)生為主體進(jìn)行本門(mén)課的學(xué)習(xí)。

四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、課堂提問(wèn)

（5 minutes）提問(wèn)問(wèn)題“What are the main parts of the computer?”。

通過(guò)此問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出知道的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)詞匯或命令，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)入課文“Basic Computer Hardware Components”，在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)給學(xué)生插入熟悉的計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)，提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。

2、詞匯講解

（25 minutes）

復(fù)習(xí)熟悉的詞匯同時(shí)帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)陌生單詞，同時(shí)針對(duì)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)讀單詞難，記不住，采用第一次給學(xué)生寫(xiě)出音標(biāo)，領(lǐng)著讀的手段，同時(shí)向?qū)W生介紹單詞快速記憶方法。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：type

v.打字

n.類(lèi)型

bonkers

adj.瘋狂的identify

vt.識(shí)別，鑒別

accessory

n.附件 adj.附屬的

delicate

adj.精巧的，精密的 exotic

adj.外來(lái)的transfer

n.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)，轉(zhuǎn)移，傳遞

operation n.運(yùn)行，實(shí)施 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):

Build into 使??成為組成部分

show up 露出，露面

Find out

找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)識(shí)到

come up with 提出，拿出

Refer to 提到，談到，打聽(tīng)

floppy disk 軟盤(pán)

Home computer 家用計(jì)算機(jī)

away from 遠(yuǎn)離 簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)詞匯

CPU(Central Processing Unit)中央處理器

CD(Compact Disc)光盤(pán) 在詞匯及短語(yǔ)的講解中，需結(jié)合例句對(duì)重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行講解。

The keyboard is the part with the letters and numbers, where you put your hands and type.鍵盤(pán)是印有字母和數(shù)字的部件，你可以把手指放在這些字母和數(shù)字上來(lái)輸入它們。

The keyboard may be attached to or built into one of the computer.鍵盤(pán)可能會(huì)連接或內(nèi)置于計(jì)算機(jī)上。

Calling the mouse an accessory is just one of those gooly things technical people do, and it’s best not to disturb their delicate sensibilities.將鼠標(biāo)叫做附件是技術(shù)人員做的傻事，最好不要碰觸他們敏感的神經(jīng)。

3、文章翻譯講解

（50分鐘）在此環(huán)節(jié)，主要以學(xué)生為主體，采用以下教學(xué)手段。

（1）由于在“Basic Computer Hardware Computer”中，共涉及到了七個(gè)大的段落，分別為計(jì)算機(jī)的不同組成部分，主要分為“Keyboard”“,Monitor”，“Computer or CPU Box”，“Mouse”，“External Drives”，“External Modem”及“Printer”幾個(gè)部分，故可針對(duì)每個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容找出一名學(xué)生進(jìn)行閱讀，針對(duì)不正確的發(fā)音進(jìn)行糾正。

（2）對(duì)每個(gè)段落中涉及到的重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行講解說(shuō)明，通過(guò)舉例使學(xué)生加深對(duì)重難點(diǎn)詞匯的理解，包括“cellular phone”，“be attached to”，“part”，“know about”，“human being”，“be supposed to”，“take up”，“depend on”，“persist in”等重點(diǎn)詞匯，通過(guò)對(duì)單詞短語(yǔ)的意思進(jìn)行解釋為進(jìn)一步的文獻(xiàn)翻譯奠定基礎(chǔ)。（3）對(duì)七個(gè)不同的段落分別請(qǐng)七個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行翻譯，并針對(duì)翻譯中出現(xiàn)的具體問(wèn)題進(jìn)行糾正講解，在講解翻譯的過(guò)程中穿插專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)翻譯及寫(xiě)作的注意事項(xiàng)，為學(xué)生在將來(lái)專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的閱讀及寫(xiě)作奠定基礎(chǔ)。

4、課堂小結(jié)

（10分鐘）（1）帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生一起對(duì)本節(jié)課講解的重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行總結(jié)，同時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生在翻譯中出錯(cuò)的段落進(jìn)行重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)。

（2）請(qǐng)兩個(gè)學(xué)生分別用兩分鐘時(shí)間結(jié)合新學(xué)的詞匯對(duì)本次課的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部、外部的常用部件及課程中涉及到的專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)翻譯、寫(xiě)作的注意事項(xiàng)。

5、課后作業(yè) 課后題：1,2

五、課程難點(diǎn)

計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯及外圍設(shè)備相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ) 計(jì)算機(jī)各外圍設(shè)備的作用

六、教學(xué)方式和手段

強(qiáng)調(diào)口語(yǔ)的教學(xué)，通過(guò)分組討論激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的積極性 結(jié)合多媒體動(dòng)畫(huà)、錄像、課件及板書(shū)進(jìn)行講解 通過(guò)課堂提問(wèn)強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生的課堂參與性

七、參考文獻(xiàn)

1、張強(qiáng)華，司愛(ài)俠.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2007.2、朱龍.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:人民郵電出版社,2012.3、任偉.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等譯.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典.牛津大學(xué)出版社,2009.5、周生炳.計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)教程.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2005.課程名稱(chēng)：計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) 授課教師：常文慧 教學(xué)課時(shí)：2學(xué)時(shí)

授課班級(jí)：計(jì)科1101-1105班

授課內(nèi)容：Word:Working With Text and Style

一、教學(xué)要求

1、掌握word的文本使用與樣式設(shè)置

2、熟悉文本及樣式操作的相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯及短語(yǔ)

3、通過(guò)對(duì)全文的翻譯理解掌握專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的寫(xiě)作格式

4、掌握專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的寫(xiě)作技巧

二、教學(xué)目的本次課主要通過(guò)對(duì)word中文本與樣式設(shè)置的講解，使學(xué)生在技術(shù)上熟悉具體軟件操作的同時(shí)，對(duì)涉及到的專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯進(jìn)行了深入掌握，通過(guò)對(duì)文章的閱讀翻譯，掌握專(zhuān)業(yè)文檔的寫(xiě)作技巧，提高學(xué)生翻譯及寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)業(yè)文獻(xiàn)的能力。

三、教學(xué)方法

通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)際軟件的操作結(jié)合本文進(jìn)行講解，由于學(xué)生對(duì)word的操作相對(duì)較為熟練，因此以此為教學(xué)方法能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，同時(shí)通過(guò)與與學(xué)生的互動(dòng)，在活躍的課堂氣氛下進(jìn)行本門(mén)課的學(xué)習(xí)。

四、教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、知識(shí)回顧

（5 minutes）

對(duì)在“Basic Computer Hardware Components”學(xué)習(xí)中涉及到得重點(diǎn)詞匯及翻譯難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，從而能夠?qū)W(xué)生的課下學(xué)習(xí)情況進(jìn)行掌握。

2、課堂提問(wèn)

（5 minutes）提問(wèn)問(wèn)題“How to set the text and style with word?”。

通過(guò)此問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出知道的word操作方法，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)入課文“Word：Working With Text and Style”，在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)給學(xué)生插入熟悉的word操作知識(shí)，并通過(guò)與學(xué)生的互動(dòng)來(lái)提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。

3、詞匯講解

（25 minutes）在此環(huán)節(jié)，同樣根據(jù)“溫故而知新”的原則，復(fù)習(xí)熟悉詞匯的同時(shí)帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)陌生單詞，同時(shí)針對(duì)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)讀單詞，采用第一次給學(xué)生寫(xiě)出音標(biāo)，領(lǐng)著讀的手段。

重點(diǎn)詞匯：

shortcut

n.捷徑

arrow

n.箭頭記號(hào)，箭 keystroke n.鍵擊，按鍵

attribute

n.屬性，品質(zhì)，特征

deselect

n.取消選定

demonstrate v.示范，展示，演示

stationary adj.固定的，不動(dòng)的remain

vi.保持，保留 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ): Hold down

保持按下，持續(xù)按住

drag and drop 拖拽 Drop-down menu 下拉菜單

format painter 格式刷 Dialog box 對(duì)話框

paragraph symbol 段落符 在詞匯及短語(yǔ)的講解中，需結(jié)合例句對(duì)重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行講解。

I couldn't let the team take that shortcut.我不能允許我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)走此捷徑 Neither attribute seems particularly beneficial for their clients.這兩種特征似乎 都不是特別有利于他們的客戶(hù)。

Experimental psychologists use such exercises to demonstrate cognitive illusions.實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)家利用這種練習(xí)來(lái)證明認(rèn)知錯(cuò)覺(jué)。

it.你可以在煙火迸發(fā)的地點(diǎn)上面或者附近找個(gè)固定的物體對(duì)焦。Unemployment will remain structurally high.失業(yè)率仍然保持結(jié)構(gòu)性高位。

4、文章翻譯講解

（50分鐘）為了鍛煉學(xué)生在以后的學(xué)習(xí)及工作中閱讀及書(shū)寫(xiě)專(zhuān)業(yè)文檔的能力，在此環(huán)節(jié)，主要以學(xué)生為主體，教師輔助教學(xué)的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行講授，從而不但調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的積極性，也增加了課堂的活躍性。

（1）在“Word：Working With Text and Style”全文中，關(guān)于“Working With Text”的描述共有4個(gè)小節(jié)，分別敘述如何進(jìn)行“輸入文本”，“刪除文本”，“選擇文本”及“文本格式設(shè)置”，在關(guān)于“Styles”共涉及到6個(gè)小節(jié)在此段落，故需分別請(qǐng)10位學(xué)生進(jìn)行閱讀，并針對(duì)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行糾正。

（2）對(duì)各段落中涉及到的重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行講解說(shuō)明，主要包括“blinking cursor”，“be located”，“highlighted”，“depressed”，“increase indent”，“access”，“be recommended”，“make changes from”等重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ)，并在講解的同時(shí)通過(guò)舉例使學(xué)生加深對(duì)重難點(diǎn)詞匯的理解。

（3）分別請(qǐng)10個(gè)同學(xué)對(duì)不同段落進(jìn)行翻譯，在糾正學(xué)生翻譯問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中利用多媒體結(jié)合word軟件對(duì)相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)、段落的翻譯進(jìn)行講述，同時(shí)針對(duì)在專(zhuān)業(yè)文檔寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，以避免學(xué)生在后續(xù)專(zhuān)業(yè)文檔的翻譯寫(xiě)作中出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。

5、課堂小結(jié)

（10分鐘）（1）通過(guò)利用多媒體演示word軟件，采用邊操作邊對(duì)本次課相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)的手段，帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生對(duì)本次課的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行回憶。

（2）請(qǐng)學(xué)生到講臺(tái)，對(duì)其他學(xué)生進(jìn)行word軟件的演示，并配合英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的講述，講述完成后，臺(tái)下學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，說(shuō)明存在的問(wèn)題及正確答案。隨后教師針對(duì)存在的問(wèn)題再次進(jìn)行講解。

6、課后作業(yè)

課后題：1,2

五、課程難點(diǎn)

本次課涉及到的專(zhuān)業(yè)名詞較多，在學(xué)生對(duì)文檔的翻譯中，需一邊查看單詞一邊進(jìn)行翻譯，故在此環(huán)節(jié)，需要學(xué)生加強(qiáng)課下對(duì)相關(guān)詞匯的記憶。

六、參考文獻(xiàn)

1、張強(qiáng)華，司愛(ài)俠.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2007.2、朱龍.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:人民郵電出版社,2012.3、任偉.計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ).北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2011

4、[英]霍恩比著,王玉章等譯.牛津高階英漢雙解詞典.牛津大學(xué)出版社,2009.5、周生炳.計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)教程.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2005.

第四篇：專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案10酶

Lesson 10 Enzymes酶

Enzymes are gigantic molecules with typical molecular weights ranging from about 6000 to more than 600,000.酶是大分子，大多數(shù)分子量在6000到60萬(wàn)間。Moreover, enzymes are much more complex structurally than the catalysts considered thus far in the section, and their catalytic sites are far more intricate.而且，酶在結(jié)構(gòu)上比這章中迄今所討論的催化劑要復(fù)雜的多，他們的催化位置也十分復(fù)雜。Enzymes have evolved by the life process to be extremely specific catalyst;each enzyme is a catalyst for only one biological reaction or, sometimes, one class of reaction.生命過(guò)程中酶是十分特殊的催化劑，每個(gè)酶是只催化一種（有時(shí)是一類(lèi)）生物反應(yīng)的催化劑。The typical enzyme has a catalytic site that bonds specifically to a single reactant and activates it.典型的具有一個(gè)催化點(diǎn)，只能健合特定的單一反應(yīng)物并激活它。The catalytic site is multifunctional, bonding to the reactant at more than one position, almost to the exclusion of all but closely similar molecules(often products), and these similar molecules are reaction inhibitors.催化位置是多功能的，鍵合到反應(yīng)物上多于一個(gè)位置，除了相似的分子或產(chǎn)品外，幾乎排除所有的位置，這些相似的分子是反應(yīng)阻聚劑。Enzymes catalyze conversion of biological molecules with very high selectivities and at high rates, typically in the range of 10 to l000 molecules/(enzymes).酶以高選擇性高速度催化生物分子的轉(zhuǎn)化，每個(gè)酶催化的典型范圍為10到1000分子

Each enzyme has a unique three-dimensional structure that usually includes a pocket or cleft presenting an array of functional groups positioned to bond to complementary functional groups of the reactant molecule.酶具有獨(dú)一無(wú)二的三維結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)包括缺陷，能夠與反應(yīng)物分子的功能團(tuán)完全結(jié)合。The region of the cleft is a three-dimensional microenvironment, and the bonding of the reactant is comparable to a highly specific chemisorption.缺陷的區(qū)域是三維的微環(huán)境，對(duì)于反應(yīng)物的鍵合具有高化學(xué)選擇性。Nature's process of Darwinian selection has led to the biosynthesis of individual enzyme molecules each of which is in essence a unique multifunctional catalytic site that allows bonding and conversion of a particular reactant or class of reactants.達(dá)爾文的自然進(jìn)化論導(dǎo)致了單個(gè)酶分子的生物合成，允許特定反應(yīng)物的轉(zhuǎn)化。Other chemical properties of enzymes besides those of the catalytic site are important also: the functional groups on the outer surface, for example, determine the enzyme's affinity for particular locations in the biological cell, such as the aqueous environment of the cytoplasm or the hydrophobic environment of a cell wall or other membrane.除了催化位置外，酶的其它化學(xué)性質(zhì)也很重要：外部空間的官能團(tuán)決定了生物細(xì)胞特定位置酶的親和性，如細(xì)胞質(zhì)的水性環(huán)境或細(xì)胞壁或其它膜的疏水性。

Enzymes catalyze biological reactions;and since living organisms usually exist only at relatively mild temperatures, most enzymes function only under these conditions.由于生物體通常存在于相對(duì)溫和的環(huán)境下，酶催化的生物反應(yīng)通常在這樣的條件下進(jìn)行。Enzymes are delicate and do not retain their structures under conditions much outside the range characteristic of living organisms, although they may function in vitro in atypical environments such as nonaqueous solvents.雖然酶的結(jié)構(gòu)在生物體以外的范圍內(nèi)不能保證，但是也可能在體外這種非水性溶劑的環(huán)境中起作用。Some organisms, such as those living in hot springs, have adapted to relatively high temperatures, and they could not exist without enzymes that are stable and active at these temperatures.在溫泉中存在的某些有機(jī)體已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了相對(duì)高的溫度，在這樣的溫度下，如果沒(méi)有酶，有機(jī)體會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定。

There is a great variety of biological reactions, including, for example,(1)the break down of proteins and sugars occurring in the digestive tracts of animals,(2)the biosynthetic reactions that lead to growth and replacement of living organisms,(3)photosynthesis, and(4)oxidations that proceed by intricate pathways that convert food(e.g., sugars, proteins, etc.)into CO2 water and energy in a biologically useful form.例如，有大量的生物反應(yīng)，（1）動(dòng)物的消化道內(nèi)發(fā)生蛋白質(zhì)和糖的斷裂，（2）生物合成反應(yīng)導(dǎo)致活的有機(jī)體的生長(zhǎng)和取代，（3）光合作用，（4）通過(guò)氧化，以錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的方式把食物轉(zhuǎn)化為CO2，水和生物利用形式的能量。

Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place in biological cells.許多酶催化反應(yīng)發(fā)生在生物細(xì)胞內(nèi)。

The contents of cells are organized into well-defined domains.細(xì)胞是很好的界定區(qū)域。The cytoplasm is an aqueous biological soup with many molecules, including reactants, products, and enzymes in solution.細(xì)胞質(zhì)是由許多分子的水相細(xì)胞漿，包括反應(yīng)物，產(chǎn)品，酶。The membranes are much more highly structured.膜是高度構(gòu)造的。Enzymes are also present in membranes and in cellular subunits called organelles.酶也包含在膜和細(xì)胞子單元中，稱(chēng)為細(xì)胞器。These bound enzymes are sometimes present in arrays that can be described as assembly lines.這些酶有機(jī)以序列的形式出現(xiàn)，被描述為裝配線。Evidently, the product of reaction in one enzyme is transported to the next enzyme in line so that a sequence of reactions takes place efficiently.很明顯地，一個(gè)酶反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行裝配線的下一個(gè)酶，使反應(yīng)高效的依次發(fā)生。Nature's catalysts function in highly sophisticated reactors.在高度復(fù)雜的反應(yīng)器中發(fā)生自然的催化反應(yīng)。

Enzymes are usually named for the reactions they catalyze.酶通常以其催化的反應(yīng)命名。For example, lysozyme catalyzes reactions that lead to the breakdown by hydrolysis(lysing)of polysaccharides;isomerases catalyze isomerization reactions;dehydrogenases catalyze dehydrogenation reactions;and so forth.例如，溶菌酶催化的反應(yīng)使多糖水解，異構(gòu)酶催化異構(gòu)化反應(yīng)，脫氫酶催化脫氫反應(yīng)，等等。More specifically, alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze alcohol dehydrogenations, and L-lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the dehydrogenation of L-lactate(to give pyruvate).更特別的是，醇脫氫酶催化醇的脫氫，L－乳酸脫氫酶催化L－乳酸的脫氫（得到丙酮酸鹽）。Because the composition and structure of one kind of enzyme from one plant, animal, or bacterium may be different from those of the same kind of enzyme from another plant, animal, or bacterium, a further specification includes the source, for example, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.因?yàn)橹参?、?dòng)物或細(xì)菌中酶的組成和結(jié)構(gòu)不同于其它植物、動(dòng)物或細(xì)菌中相同類(lèi)型的酶，所以需要更進(jìn)一步的分類(lèi)，例如，馬肝醇脫氫酶。

第五篇：旅游專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教案1

Unit one

World Tourism Organization

Teaching Objectives

1.Become familiar with World Tourism Organization 2.Become familiar with Key Benefits of Tourism 3.Be able to make the conversations at the Guests’ Arrival 4.Understand some sentence structures and patterns

Teaching Approaches 1.Introduce the history of the Tourism 2.Tell them something about the World Tourism Organization 3.Describe briefly the benefits of tourism 4.Let the students read the materials about tourism 5.Discuss the process of Guests’ Arrival at the airport 6.Homework

Focus on

1．World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism 2.Guests’ Arrival

Time Allocations World Tourism Organization A Conceptual Framework：

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism(3 periods)Guests’ Arrival(3 periods)

Teaching Difficulties The new words Usages Some useful expressions Difficulties

Teaching Methods

Teacher’s Explanations Questions Discussing Exercises

Teaching Procedures

World Tourism Organization & Key Benefits of Tourism

常用英語(yǔ)及詞匯

Travelingat airport 常用語(yǔ)句

我該到哪里辦聯(lián)合航空 706 次班機(jī)登機(jī)手續(xù)？ Where may I check in for United flight number 706?

什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始登機(jī)？

What time will boarding start? 我要轉(zhuǎn)法國(guó)航空 123 號(hào)班機(jī)。

I'm connecting with AF123.哪里可以詢(xún)問(wèn)轉(zhuǎn)接班機(jī)的事情？

Where can I get information on a connecting flight?

基礎(chǔ)詞匯

護(hù)照 Passport 簽證 Visa

入境記錄卡 Embarkation Card 出境記錄卡 Disembarkation Card 入境大廳 Arrival Lobby 出境大廳 Departure Lobby 登機(jī)門(mén)號(hào)碼 Gate Number 登機(jī)證 Boarding Card 機(jī)場(chǎng)稅 Airport Tax 商務(wù)簽證 Business Visa

旅客登機(jī)報(bào)到處 Check in Counter 觀光簽證 Tourist Visa