第一篇:電大網(wǎng)考 小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)研究復(fù)習(xí)資料(范文模版)
【小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)研究】
1、案例分析:現(xiàn)實數(shù)學(xué)觀與生活數(shù)學(xué)觀世紀(jì),人們的生活日新月異,生活質(zhì)量是越來越高,上網(wǎng)時遇數(shù)學(xué)、旅游中用數(shù)學(xué)、消費 中有數(shù)學(xué)。正如華羅庚所說: “宇宙之大,粒子之微,火箭之速,化工之巧,地球之變,日用之繁,無 處不用數(shù)學(xué)”。數(shù)學(xué)將成為 21 世紀(jì)的每一位合格公民的基本素養(yǎng),簡單的消費能力以及調(diào)查研究等能 力將成為人們的基本素質(zhì)。既然數(shù)學(xué)與人們的生活聯(lián)系這么密切,作為小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教師,應(yīng)讓孩子從小 就學(xué)習(xí)有價值的數(shù)學(xué)知識,獲得實用的知識和技能。構(gòu)建智慧的重要基礎(chǔ),是人們已有的生活、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。為此,建構(gòu)主義教學(xué)論把“通過自己 的經(jīng)驗主動建構(gòu)”看成是其“靈魂”。還有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,對小學(xué)生來說,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識并不是“新知識”,在一定程度上是一種“舊知識”,在他們的生活中已經(jīng)有許多數(shù)學(xué)知識的體驗,學(xué)校數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)是他們生 活中有關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)象經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)與升華,每一個學(xué)生都從他們的現(xiàn)實數(shù)學(xué)世界出發(fā)與教材內(nèi)容發(fā)生交互 作用,構(gòu)建自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識。鑒于學(xué)生并不是一張“白紙”,教學(xué)時,我們應(yīng)充分利用其已有的學(xué)習(xí)、生活經(jīng)驗促使其主動建構(gòu)。例如,我在教學(xué)“一個數(shù)加上或減去接近整百、整千數(shù)的速算”時,我充分利用學(xué)生生活中 已有的購物付款時“付整找零”的經(jīng)驗,設(shè)計了這樣一道生活情境題: “六?一”節(jié),小明的媽媽帶了 136 元錢去新華書店買了 99 元一套精裝本的《上下五千年》,作為送給小明的節(jié)日禮物,媽媽可以怎 樣付錢,還剩多少元?討論該題時,學(xué)生想出了很多辦法,而首選的方法便是“先付 100 元,再用 36 元加上找回的 1 元錢”,而這恰恰就是“湊整簡算”的思想,原先不易被同學(xué)們所理解的“思想”由于 其生活經(jīng)驗的支撐得以主動建構(gòu)。又如,“年、月、日”的教學(xué),教學(xué)之前,學(xué)生在生活中已積累了年、月、日的許多“經(jīng)驗”,以此為起點,教學(xué)時,我讓學(xué)生以小組為單位,先個人觀察自己手中不同年份 的年歷卡,然后組內(nèi)交流,自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,待組際匯報時,一年有 12 個月,月又分為 31 天的大月和 30 天的小月以及二月的天數(shù)等知識都已被同學(xué)們所理解和掌握,在此基礎(chǔ)上我又出示了 1990 年至 2000 年來 2 月份的天數(shù)讓學(xué)生作再次的研究和探索,四年一閏,以及判斷平、閏年的方法又被同學(xué)們所發(fā) 現(xiàn)。學(xué)習(xí)是經(jīng)驗的組織和重新解釋的過程,而利用學(xué)生先前生活經(jīng)驗的學(xué)習(xí)則顯得更積極、更主 動,也更富有意義。荷蘭數(shù)學(xué)家弗賴登塔爾在他的《作為教育任務(wù)的數(shù)學(xué)》中闡明:數(shù)學(xué)來源于現(xiàn)實,也必須扎 根于現(xiàn)實,并且應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)實。數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的最終目的還是看學(xué)生能否運用所學(xué)的知識去解決問題,尤其 是一些簡單的實際問題。所以,我們應(yīng)及時提供把課堂上所學(xué)知識應(yīng)用到實踐中去的機會,讓學(xué)生在 應(yīng)用中更深刻地理解和掌握數(shù)學(xué)知識,在應(yīng)用中更深刻地感受數(shù)學(xué)的魅力,并通過應(yīng)用促使學(xué)生更主 動地觀察生活中的數(shù)學(xué),在學(xué)習(xí)和生活中更主動地運用數(shù)學(xué)。需要提及的是,平時的數(shù)學(xué)課能否體現(xiàn),又該怎樣體現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)的應(yīng)用價值呢?我認(rèn)為,對課本 練習(xí)題進行“生活化”處理,不失為既“經(jīng)濟”又“實用”的好辦法,以蘇教版第十一冊數(shù)學(xué)“工程 問題”為例,在例題的教學(xué)并進行了適量的鞏固練習(xí)后,我設(shè)計并出示了這樣一道題:李軍星期天進 城買文具,所帶的錢如果全部買筆記本,可以買 10 本,如果全部買鉛筆,可以買 15 支,現(xiàn)在他先買 了 4 本筆記本,剩下的錢還能買多少支鉛筆?通過對該題的解答,既培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生靈活運用知識解決問 題的能力,又使學(xué)生體驗到用數(shù)學(xué)知識解決生活問題帶來的愉悅和成功。生活是數(shù)學(xué)的大課堂,回歸生活學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)既使數(shù)學(xué)自身的魅力得到了充分的展現(xiàn),又讓學(xué)生積極主 動地學(xué)到了富有真情實感的、能動的、有活力的知識。但需要注意的是,回歸生活學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)絕非回到生 活中放任自流地學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),而應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮課堂的“主陣地”的作用,并重在數(shù)學(xué)與生活的有機結(jié)合。唯 有這樣,才能將《數(shù)學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的有關(guān)精神落到實處,更好地通過數(shù)學(xué)課程的學(xué)習(xí)來促進學(xué)生的發(fā) 展。
影響小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的基本因素有哪些? 影響小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的基本因素有哪些? 答:從知識體系看,前者是經(jīng)過人為加工和提煉、依據(jù)某一特殊人群特殊需要和經(jīng)驗、知識與能 力結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計的知識和思想體系;后者是完整的、獨立于任何人的任何知識結(jié)構(gòu)而存在的、特定的知 識和思想體系。從數(shù)學(xué)活動過程看,前者是一類專門人在某些專門人的引導(dǎo)幫助下的模仿探索、發(fā)現(xiàn) 與創(chuàng)造的活動過程;后者是一類專門人的一個完全獨立的探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)造的活動過程。從學(xué)習(xí)對象 特征看,前者對象是含有經(jīng)驗、直觀的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng);后者對象是完全由符號、概念和規(guī)則等構(gòu)成的 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)。從活動目的看,前者是為了“接受”已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造的數(shù)學(xué);后者是為了獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)和 創(chuàng)造數(shù)學(xué)。
2、案例分析:小學(xué)空間幾何學(xué)習(xí)的操作性策略。答: 小學(xué)空間幾何的學(xué)習(xí)是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的重要組成部分,它不僅是為了理解和掌握有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識,更重要的是發(fā)展空間觀念。小學(xué)幾何屬于經(jīng)驗幾何或?qū)嶒瀻缀?,包括簡單的幾何圖形的認(rèn)識、變換、位置與方向認(rèn)識、周長、面積與體積的計算及坐標(biāo)的初步體驗。這些內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)都是建立在小學(xué)生的 經(jīng)驗和活動基礎(chǔ)上的。我覺得影響學(xué)生空間能力發(fā)展的障礙有:
1、學(xué)生生活體驗有限。
2、空間識別力的差異。
3、空 間形象感知力的差異。只有了解學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上的障礙,才能確立發(fā)展小學(xué)生空間觀念的基本途徑,在 教學(xué)中需要多從空間幾何的操作性入手。首先,學(xué)生的幾何知識來自豐富的顯示原型,與現(xiàn)實生活關(guān)系非常緊密。例如三角形穩(wěn)定性和在 生活中的應(yīng)用;以及對稱性質(zhì)在實際生活中的應(yīng)用。其次,學(xué)生在實際生活中有許多幾何圖形,這是他們理解幾何圖形、發(fā)展其空間觀念的寶貴資源。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)幾何知識時,首先是聯(lián)系生活中熟悉的實際事物,也可以從生活中熟悉的實物中選材,通 過觀察、觸摸、分類,找出這些實物的主要的外形特征,形成對一些立體圖形的直觀認(rèn)識為進一步認(rèn) 識圖形打下基礎(chǔ)。聯(lián)系生活中實際事物的過程使幾何表象更加清楚,有利于建立相應(yīng)的幾何概念??臻g幾何的學(xué)習(xí),只靠觀察是不夠的,教師還必須引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進行操作實驗活動,讓他們?nèi)ケ纫槐取⒄垡徽?、剪一剪、拼一拼、畫一畫。根?jù)實驗研究結(jié)果,視覺、聽覺、觸覺等多種分析器共同活動,空間觀念便易于形成與鞏固。在直觀認(rèn)識長方形時,通過動手對折正方形紙片,就認(rèn)識到正方形“四 邊相等”這一特征。又如學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)三角形內(nèi)角和時,通過撕角、拼角把三角形紙片上的三個內(nèi)角拼 成一個平角,證明了三角形的內(nèi)角和是 180 度。又如,圍者教室走一圈,初步理解周長的概念。實踐 證明,操作實踐是發(fā)展學(xué)生幾何認(rèn)識的重要方法。如何處理抽象的幾何概念,一直是我在數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中比較重視的問題。常規(guī)的教學(xué)方法主要是從一 些“關(guān)鍵”的字詞入手引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析。實踐證明,這樣的方法本身就是抽象的,學(xué)生很難真正理解和 掌握,幾何概念在學(xué)生認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)中始終是一種模糊的識記。如果教學(xué)中充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主動性,讓學(xué) 生親自動手操作,把抽象的內(nèi)容形象化,就可以在思維過渡中找到支撐點。例如在教學(xué)“圖形的周長” 時,我設(shè)計了這樣的環(huán)節(jié):讓學(xué)生動手給長方形花壇安裝護欄,學(xué)生在動手過程中感受到了周長的概 念。接著設(shè)計了:聰明小屋里還有許多漂亮的圖形,你能找出它們的周長嗎?找出來之后讓學(xué)生動手 描出這些圖形的周長,學(xué)生進一步體會到周長的概念。然后設(shè)計了讓學(xué)生動手量周長,學(xué)生在動手操 作中又一次真切地體會到了周長,理解了周長的概念。在練習(xí)這一環(huán)節(jié)中我又用學(xué)生喜歡的游戲形式,讓學(xué)生玩拼圖,算周長,學(xué)生在拼拼算算中掌握了“圖形的周長”這一幾何概念。教學(xué)中學(xué)生始終參 與了幾何概念形成的思維過程,在認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)中形成了正確的表象,收到了良好的效果。在教學(xué)中,要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生經(jīng)常運用圖形的特征去想象,解決各種實際問題,發(fā)展他們的空間想象力。如向?qū)W生出示這樣一題:將一個長5厘米、寬4厘米、高3厘米的長方體,平均分成兩個小長方體后,表面積最多增加()平方厘米。最少增加()平方厘米。對于這樣的問題需要學(xué)生首先在頭腦中要想 象這樣一個長方體。長方體的六個面分別是由5×4、5×3、4×3組成,沿上下兩個面平均分,將會增加兩個上下面(5×4面)。沿左右兩個面平均分將會增加兩個左右面(4×3面)。學(xué)生有一 定空間想象力,在頭腦中就容易形成長方體的表象,頭腦中有了這樣的依托,再去想它的變化,按照 長、寬、高位置關(guān)系去理解平均分的方法,即沿大面平均分可多出兩個大面積。沿小面平均分可多出 兩個小面積。同時也可以理解到若不平均分同樣可多出兩個面積來。
為什么說兒童的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知起點是他們的生活常識? 為什么說兒童的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知起點是他們的生活常識? 生活是個大課堂,讓孩子在生活中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué),發(fā)現(xiàn)生活中的數(shù)學(xué),是學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的起點。平時,我善 于從生活中的細(xì)節(jié)去指導(dǎo)孩子學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。記得有一次,我指著 6 歲兒子自己畫的各種各樣,五顏六色的 圖形問兒子,如果讓你按形狀來分,可以分成哪幾類呢?兒子馬上就說: “可以有三角形、正方形、長 方形還有就是亂七八糟的形(也就是我們說的不規(guī)則圖形)”我再讓兒子仔細(xì)觀察,他說還可以按顏。色來分,比如紅色的、藍色的、綠色的、灰色的四類。我不停地夸兒子聰明,是個注意觀察的孩子。接著我又鼓勵孩子,能不能再觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)還可以怎么分類呢?只見他一邊看,比邊比,突然眼睛一亮,說: “媽媽,還可以按它們的大小來分呢?!蓖ㄟ^引導(dǎo),兒子發(fā)現(xiàn)了生活中事物的多中屬性,既提高了 數(shù)學(xué)水平,有培養(yǎng)了孩子的觀察能了。你看,現(xiàn)在我?guī)е鴥鹤咏∩砉珗@,他還就會說,這個高樹和這 個高建筑是一類,灌木和矮小的是一類……在家里還會邊擺鞋子別分類呢。真是有趣極了。生活中類 似的例子很多,再比如用生活中的買東西來學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)中的加減法,孩子不僅學(xué)得快,記得住,而且是 非常的感興趣,說完了一個還叫你再說一個,會不厭其煩地想與數(shù)學(xué)接觸。我想這就是我們說的“兒 童的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知起點是他們的生活常識”吧。
3、案例分析:教學(xué)活動中的巡視與評價
答:教師在數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)過程中,要多用激勵性的語言肯定學(xué)生的進步和努力。學(xué)生個體千差萬別,個性特征明晰可見,學(xué)生的思維發(fā)展水平存在差異,而與之緊密聯(lián)系的表達能力也參差不齊。面對這 樣的現(xiàn)狀,教師必須要給思維速度慢的學(xué)生有更多思考的空間,允許表達不清晰不流暢的學(xué)生有重復(fù) 和改過的時間,更重要的是允許學(xué)生有失誤和糾正失誤的機會。一時語塞或南轅北轍,立即請他坐下,便扼殺了學(xué)生的自尊心和自信心,使學(xué)生不敢想,不敢說,更不敢間。教師應(yīng)盡力做到待人至誠,與 學(xué)生平等相處。師生關(guān)系和諧,讓學(xué)生和教師交談時感到心理安全,心理自由,即使回答問題有錯誤,也能得到教師的指點和鼓勵,學(xué)生到處可見教師燦爛的笑容,親切的笑臉,到處可聽到“你真行!”、“你講得真棒”“大膽些,老師相信你一定能行”等鼓勵賞識的教學(xué)評價語,使學(xué)生體驗成功的快樂。從而調(diào)動起學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,增強學(xué)生的自信心,也讓教師有“送人玫瑰,手有余香”的愉悅之感。數(shù)學(xué)課中,教師對學(xué)生的評價應(yīng)注意的問題 小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂上,教師恰當(dāng)?shù)脑u價,對精心呵護學(xué)生的自尊心,增強學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情與興趣 非常重要。但如果評價得不合適宜,過于虛假不真實。那么,教師的評價對學(xué)生的發(fā)展和成長就沒有 價值。
(一)數(shù)學(xué)課上對學(xué)生的評價要有度,千萬不可濫用。如果學(xué)生很平常的行為,教師都大加贊賞,這樣的評價就失去了應(yīng)有的意義和價值。因為超值的嘉獎會讓學(xué)生產(chǎn)生惰性,學(xué)生往往就會“迷失自 我。”
(二)教師在數(shù)學(xué)課中對學(xué)生的評價、要具有個性化。教師在評價學(xué)生時,一定要有針對性,找 準(zhǔn)評價的切入點,關(guān)注學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的個性差異。讓課堂上的評價具有個性化特色,這樣才能讓每一 個孩子得到發(fā)展。當(dāng)然,我在學(xué)生課堂學(xué)習(xí)評價方面探索得還很不夠,今后我會繼續(xù)在這方面進行探討。我希望自 己通過這方面的學(xué)習(xí)和思考,在數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)中,能充分發(fā)揮評價激勵功能,達到提高學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)素 養(yǎng),增強學(xué)生學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的自信,最終促進學(xué)生全面發(fā)展。
4.下列不屬于兒童數(shù)學(xué)問題解決能力發(fā)展階段的是(學(xué)會解題階段)。
5.問題的主觀方面就是指(問題空間)。
6.下列不屬于小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)評價價值的是(甄別價值)。
7.從邏輯層面看,在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)中,主要包含“運算法則”、“運算性質(zhì)”和 運(算方法)等一些內(nèi)容。8.兒童形成空間觀念的主要知覺的障礙主要表現(xiàn)在“空間識別障礙”和(視覺知覺障 礙)等兩個方面。
9.數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的基本心理模式是“理解問題”、“設(shè)計方案”、(執(zhí)行方案)和“評價結(jié) 果”。
10.一般地看數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的過程,主要運用的策略有“算法化”、“頓悟”和(探究啟發(fā) 式)等。
11.皮亞杰的“前運算階段為主向具體運算階段過渡”階段,相對于布魯納的分類來說,就是(動作式階段)階段。
12.下列不屬于“客觀性知識”的是(圖形分解的思路)。
13.傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)具有“螺旋遞進式的體系組織”、“邏輯推理式的知 識呈現(xiàn)”和(模仿例題式的練習(xí)配套)等這樣三個特征。
14.兒童在數(shù)學(xué)能力的結(jié)構(gòu)類型中所表現(xiàn)出來的差異主要有分析型、幾何型和(調(diào)和型)三種。
15.屬于以學(xué)生面對新的問題,形成認(rèn)知沖突為起點,通過在教師引導(dǎo)下的自學(xué),并在集 體質(zhì)疑或小組討論的基礎(chǔ)上形成新的認(rèn)知為特征的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的活動結(jié)構(gòu)的是(以自學(xué)嘗試為 主線的課堂教學(xué)的活動結(jié)構(gòu))。
16.下列不屬于常見教學(xué)手段的是(音像資料)。
17.下列不屬于在建立概念階段的主要教學(xué)策略的是(生活化策略)。
18.在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則教學(xué)的規(guī)則的導(dǎo)入階段中常見的策略有“情境導(dǎo)入”、“活動導(dǎo)入”和(問題導(dǎo)入)等。
19.在兒童的幾何思維水平的發(fā)展階段中,處于描述(分析)階段被認(rèn)為是(水平2)。
20.兒童在解決數(shù)學(xué)問題過程中的理解問題階段也稱作(問題表征階段)。
21、請舉例說明,在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)中,如何發(fā)展學(xué)生的數(shù)感。答:數(shù)感代表著個人使數(shù)、數(shù)字系統(tǒng)和運算具有意義的觀念。準(zhǔn)確地說,數(shù)感實際上代表不同個體 因自己的經(jīng)驗、學(xué)習(xí)和能力而逐漸發(fā)展起來的關(guān)于“數(shù)”的良好的智力結(jié)構(gòu)。良好的數(shù)感是形成數(shù)量 概念和數(shù)理推理的基礎(chǔ),是理解和掌握運算規(guī)則的條件,是形成運算技能的重要保障。在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中,可以從多方面去發(fā)展兒童的數(shù)感。1.在實際的情境中形成數(shù)的意義 兒童是在自己的生活中,通過對具體物體對象的活動來認(rèn)識數(shù)的,學(xué)習(xí)中,要便兒童形成良好的 對數(shù)的意義的理解,應(yīng)當(dāng)將這種學(xué)習(xí)活動置于兒童具有生活經(jīng)驗的實際情境中。(1)在實際情境中認(rèn)識數(shù) 兒童在最初理解“數(shù)”的意義時,是以對大量的具有實物性質(zhì)的具體的“數(shù)”的感知開始的。(2)在實際情境中運用數(shù) 在實際情境中運用數(shù),可以進一步發(fā)展兒童對數(shù)的意義的理解。2.具有良好的數(shù)的位置感和關(guān)系感 良好數(shù)感的一個重要方面就是具有一定的數(shù)的位置感和數(shù)之間的關(guān)系的敏銳反應(yīng),這種良好的感 覺與敏銳的反應(yīng)能促進兒童對數(shù)的意義的進一步理解和對數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確的運用。(1)發(fā)展數(shù)的良好的位置感 數(shù)的位置感首先表現(xiàn)在對一個具體數(shù)在某個集合中的位置有敏銳的感覺,同時,對于這個數(shù)與相 鄰數(shù)之間的相對大小有一個敏銳的感覺。(2)對各種數(shù)的關(guān)系有敏銳的反應(yīng)
22、在課堂教學(xué)中教學(xué)方法的多樣化。答:在一個完整的課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中,可能有若干個學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié),不同的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)節(jié)其學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和目標(biāo) 是不同的,這就帶來了教學(xué)方法的多樣性和綜合性。教學(xué)方法是多種交替使用的。例如,在一堂“小 數(shù)認(rèn)識”的課堂學(xué)習(xí)中,可能會交替地采用“講解法”“實驗法”“發(fā)現(xiàn)法”等不同的教學(xué)方法,這
些方法的不同服從于每一階段學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)的不同和學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)的不同。同時,這種綜合還表現(xiàn)在同一個學(xué)習(xí)過程的模式中,會交織融合著多種教學(xué)方法。例如,一個探究學(xué)習(xí)的過程模式(或稱教學(xué)模式)中,可能會有談話(對話)、觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)、演示實驗等多種教學(xué)方法綜合運用。
1.下列不屬于數(shù)學(xué)性質(zhì)特征的是(客觀性)。
2.下列不屬于當(dāng)今國際小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)特征的是(注重解題能力)。
3.新世紀(jì)我國數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容從學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)切入可以分為“知識與技能”、“數(shù)學(xué)思考”、“解決 問題”以及(情感與態(tài)度)等四個緯度。兒童對數(shù)之間關(guān)系的一種敏銳的反應(yīng)實際上就是對數(shù)的多種理解。
1.發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式的基本流程是創(chuàng)設(shè)情境、提出假設(shè)、檢驗假設(shè)、以及總結(jié)運用 等四個階段。
2.發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中的運用要注意(創(chuàng)設(shè)的)問題情境(須)有效、注重兒童發(fā)現(xiàn)知識的過程以及(要)注意適時(的)指導(dǎo)等三個問題。
3.現(xiàn)代小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)中教學(xué)組織策略具有(運用)情境的方式呈現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)、數(shù)學(xué)活動是以任務(wù)來驅(qū)動的 以及探索是數(shù)學(xué)活動的重要形式等的特點。4.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計教學(xué)的主要策略有關(guān)注兒童對現(xiàn)實生活的經(jīng)歷、關(guān)注兒童對現(xiàn)實生活的經(jīng)歷 以及增強在數(shù)學(xué)活動中的體驗等。
5.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的認(rèn)知建構(gòu)的活動過程,是一種由定向環(huán)節(jié)、行動環(huán)節(jié)、反饋環(huán)節(jié)等三個 基本環(huán)節(jié)組成的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。
6.按評價的取向角度劃分,學(xué)習(xí)評價主要可以分為目標(biāo)取向的評價、過程取向的評價、主體取向 的評價、等三類。
7.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則在學(xué)習(xí)方式上具有淡化嚴(yán)格證明、強化合情推理以及 重要規(guī)則逐步深化、有些規(guī)則不給結(jié)語等一些特點。
8.空間定位包括對物體的空間方位、空間距離、以及空間大小等的識別。
9.從數(shù)學(xué)知識的分類角度出發(fā),可以將數(shù)學(xué)能力分為認(rèn)知(能力)、操作(能力)、以及 策略(能力)等三類。
10.探究教學(xué)模式的基本流程是(設(shè)置)問題情景、提出假設(shè)、獲得結(jié)論以及反 思評價等。
11.課堂教學(xué)中的學(xué)生參與主要指行為(參與)、情感(參與)、以及認(rèn)知(參與)等。
12. 兒童構(gòu)建數(shù)學(xué)概念能力的要素主要包括已有的生活經(jīng)驗和數(shù)學(xué)概念、數(shù)學(xué)思維能力、以 及數(shù)學(xué)的語言能力等。
13.按層次可以將思維分為動作(思維)、形象(思維)、抽象(思維)等三類。
14.在兒童的運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)的導(dǎo)入階段中主要可以采用情景(導(dǎo)入)、活動(導(dǎo)入)、以及 問題(導(dǎo)入)等策略。
15.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的運算技能的形成大致可以分為認(rèn)知、聯(lián)結(jié)、以及自動化等三個階段; 1.作為小學(xué)課程的數(shù)學(xué)是一種形式化的數(shù)學(xué) A.錯誤
2.重視問題解決是當(dāng)今國際小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)改革的一個顯著特點 B.正確
3.探究教學(xué)是一種在單位時間內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)效率最高的教學(xué)方式 A.錯誤
4.以共同在完成任務(wù)的過程中的多種表現(xiàn)為參照的一種評價是表現(xiàn)性評價 B.正確
5.“再創(chuàng)造”學(xué)習(xí)理論的核心就是“數(shù)學(xué)化”理論 A.錯誤 6.學(xué)生最基本的課堂參與形態(tài)是認(rèn)知參與 A.錯誤
7.不斷增加概念的內(nèi)涵而使其外延不斷縮小的思維過程稱之為強抽象 B.正確
8.所謂學(xué)業(yè)評價,就是指學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成就的評價 B.正確
9.數(shù)學(xué)是一門直接處理現(xiàn)實對象的科學(xué) A.錯誤
10.“敘述式講解法”就是指教師將知識講給學(xué)生聽 A.錯誤
11.所謂學(xué)業(yè)評價,就是指學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成就的評價 B.正確
12.認(rèn)識幾何圖形的性質(zhì)特征是兒童形成空間觀念的基礎(chǔ) B.正確
13.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識包含“客觀性知識” 和“主觀性知識” B.正確
14.15.16.17.教學(xué)方法是一個穩(wěn)定不變的程序結(jié)構(gòu) A.錯誤
學(xué)生已有的生活經(jīng)驗和數(shù)學(xué)概念是學(xué)生構(gòu)建數(shù)學(xué)概念能力的要素之一 概念是兒童空間幾何知識學(xué)習(xí)的起點 A.錯誤
認(rèn)識幾何圖形的性質(zhì)特征是兒童形成空間觀念的基礎(chǔ) B.正確 B.正確
請舉例說明如何在小學(xué)統(tǒng)計教學(xué)中運用“游戲引導(dǎo)”策略。喜歡游戲是兒童的天性。很多時候,兒童是在游戲中體驗與建構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)知識的。因為游戲不僅能激 發(fā)兒童的思維,游戲還能促進兒童策略性知識的形成。如:教者在教義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)(蘇教版)一年級下冊第八單元《統(tǒng)計》時,通 過游戲活動,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,使學(xué)生在活動過程中用自己的方法進行記錄,經(jīng)歷簡單的統(tǒng)計過 程。然后通過擇優(yōu)選用簡便科學(xué)的方法,為以后學(xué)習(xí)用畫“正”字的方法收集數(shù)據(jù)打下基礎(chǔ)。在創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,回顧舊知。以舊引新,通過出示小動物的圖片,讓學(xué)生分一分、數(shù)一數(shù),體會初步 的統(tǒng)計思想,為下面探索統(tǒng)計的方法做好知識上和心理上的準(zhǔn)備的基礎(chǔ)上,繼而進行:統(tǒng)計圖形,探 索統(tǒng)計方法:
1、設(shè)計問題,激發(fā)統(tǒng)計興趣。?“每組小朋友的桌子上有一個盒子,里面有什么呢?”教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從盒子里摸出一個來看看,并告訴大家盒子里有許多這樣的圖形。(有正方形、三角形和圓。)“現(xiàn)在小朋友想知道什么呢?” 學(xué)生說出自己想知道的問題。?師:大家想知道這么多的問題,我們怎樣知道正方形、三角形和圓各有幾個?可以用分一分、再數(shù)一數(shù)的統(tǒng)計方法。
2、參與游戲,探索統(tǒng)計方法。? 我們一起來做一個游戲----“你來說,我來記”,做完游戲,大家想知道的問題,就會得到答 案了。? 老師對同學(xué)提出要求: 以小組為單位,一個同學(xué)說圖形名稱,其他同學(xué)用自己喜歡的方法記錄。? 學(xué)生分組活動搜集數(shù)據(jù)。? 小組匯報,教師按照學(xué)生回答的順序分別將記錄的結(jié)果編號,可能會出現(xiàn)以下幾種情況: ① □○△△□□○○△△ ② □□□□□ △△△△△△△ ③ □ ||||| ○ |||| △ ||||||| ④ □ √√√√√ ○ √√√√ △ √√√√√ ? 比較擇優(yōu),掌握方法。教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生比較記錄的方法,得出哪種方法更清楚,更簡便。學(xué)生可能會體會到第三種和第四種方法比較簡便,愿意使用。
3、整理數(shù)據(jù),學(xué)會應(yīng)用。我們把記錄的結(jié)果整理有表格里(出示表格)圖形 正方形 三角形 圓 一共 看圖:你從這個表中知道什么? 學(xué)生把表格填完整,根據(jù)表格中的數(shù)據(jù)找到自己想知道問題的答案。
1.我國 21 世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)新的課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)力圖在課程目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實施建議等方面全面體現(xiàn)知 知 識與技能、過程與方法 以及情感態(tài)度與價值觀 三位一體的課程功能。情感態(tài)度與價值觀
2.教學(xué)手段的抉擇與運用,主取決于于有利于學(xué)生的動機激發(fā)、有利于學(xué)生的探索與發(fā)現(xiàn)、有利于學(xué)生的動機激發(fā) 有利于學(xué)生的探索與發(fā)現(xiàn) 有利于學(xué)生對知識的理解 等這樣一些變量。
3.運算性質(zhì)根據(jù)其所起作用可分為改變參算的數(shù)的位置、改變運算順序 改變運算順序以及參算數(shù)的改變引起 改變參算的數(shù)的位置 改變運算順序 參算數(shù)的改變引起 運算結(jié)果的變化 等幾類。
4.發(fā)展兒童數(shù)學(xué)問題解決能力的主要策略有創(chuàng)設(shè)自由探究的空間、發(fā)展學(xué)生問題表征的能 創(chuàng)設(shè)自由探究的空間 發(fā)展學(xué)生問題表征的能 力、大膽提出假設(shè)和積極思考 等。
5.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中存在 陳述(概念)性(知識)、程序性(自動化技能)(知識)、策略 陳述(概念)知識)程序性(自動化技能)(知識))(知識 知識)性(知識)。等三種互相滲透與相互支持的不同的知識。
6.兒童在課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中的情感參與主要包括興趣、動機、自信心 以及態(tài)度等因素。興趣、興趣
7.空間定位包括對物體的(空間)方位、(空間)距離 以及(空間)大小 等的識別。(空間)(空間)(空間)
8. 小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計教學(xué)的主要策略有關(guān)注兒童對現(xiàn)實生活的經(jīng)歷、增強在數(shù)學(xué)活動中的體驗 以 關(guān)注兒童對現(xiàn)實生活的經(jīng)歷 及強化將知識運用于現(xiàn)實情境 等。強
9.按層次可以將思維分為 動作(思維)、形象(思維)、抽象(思維)等三類。動作(思維)形象(思維)思維)
10.發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中的運用要注意創(chuàng)設(shè)的情景必須有效、注重兒童發(fā)現(xiàn)知識過 創(chuàng)設(shè)的情景必須有效 程 以及 要注意適當(dāng)引導(dǎo) 等三個問題。
11.在兒童的運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)的導(dǎo)入階段中主要可以采用情景(導(dǎo)入)、活動(導(dǎo)入)以及問 情景(活動(導(dǎo)入)情景 導(dǎo)入)問 導(dǎo)入)等策略。題(導(dǎo)入)
12.兒童概率思想發(fā)展的過程具有 對事件可能性認(rèn)識是逐步發(fā)展的、對事件發(fā)生的可能性認(rèn) 識收到經(jīng)驗制約 以及 對事件發(fā)生的可能性認(rèn)識要通過直觀操作來支持 等這樣一些特征。
13.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的認(rèn)知建構(gòu)的活動過程,是一種由定向環(huán)節(jié)、行動環(huán)節(jié)、反饋環(huán)節(jié) 等 定向環(huán)節(jié) 行動環(huán)節(jié) 反饋環(huán)節(jié) 三個基本環(huán)節(jié)組成的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)。
14.按評價的取向角度劃分,學(xué)習(xí)評價主要可以分為目標(biāo)取向的評價、過程取向的評價、主體 目標(biāo)取向的評價 過程取向的評價 主體 取向的評價等三類。取向的評價 15.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則在學(xué)習(xí)方式上具有淡化嚴(yán)格證明,強化合情推理 重要規(guī)則逐步深化 淡化嚴(yán)格證明,重要規(guī)則逐步深化以及 淡化嚴(yán)格證明 強化合情推理、重要規(guī)則逐步深化 有些規(guī)則不給結(jié)語等一些特點。有些規(guī)則不給結(jié)語
16.空間定位包括對物體的空間方位、空間距離 以及空間大小 等的識別。空間方位 空間距離 空間大小
17.從數(shù)學(xué)知識的分類角度出發(fā),可以將數(shù)學(xué)能力分為認(rèn)知(能力)、操作(能力)、以及 策 認(rèn)知(操作(認(rèn)知 能力)操作 能力)能力)略(能力)等三類。
18.探究教學(xué)模式的基本流程是(設(shè)置)問題情景(設(shè)置)問題情景、提出假設(shè)、獲得結(jié)論 以及反思評價等。
19.課堂教學(xué)中的學(xué)生參與主要指行為(參與)、情感(參與)、以及 認(rèn)知(參與)等。行為(情感(參與)認(rèn)知(參與)行為 參與)
20.兒童構(gòu)建數(shù)學(xué)概念能力的要素主要包括已有的生活經(jīng)驗和數(shù)學(xué)概念、數(shù)學(xué)思維能力 以 已有的生活經(jīng)驗和數(shù)學(xué)概念 及 數(shù)學(xué)的語言能力 等。
三、判斷題 1.“再創(chuàng)造”學(xué)習(xí)理論的核心就是“數(shù)學(xué)化”理論(√)2.學(xué)生最基本的課堂參與形態(tài)是認(rèn)知參與(×)3.不斷增加概念的內(nèi)涵而使其外延不斷縮小的思維過程稱之為強抽象(√)4.所謂學(xué)業(yè)評價,就是指學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成就的評價(√)1.?dāng)?shù)學(xué)是一門直接處理現(xiàn)實對象的科學(xué)(×)2.“敘述式講解法”就是指教師將知識講給學(xué)生聽(×)3.所謂學(xué)業(yè)評價,就是指學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成就的評價(√)4.認(rèn)識幾何圖形的性質(zhì)特征是兒童形成空間觀念的基礎(chǔ)(√)1.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識包含“客觀性知識” 和“主觀性知識”(√)2.教學(xué)方法是一個穩(wěn)定不變的程序結(jié)構(gòu)(×)3.學(xué)生已有的生活經(jīng)驗和數(shù)學(xué)概念是學(xué)生構(gòu)建數(shù)學(xué)概念能力的要素之一(√)4.概念是兒童空間幾何知識學(xué)習(xí)的起點(×)
1、兒童的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知思維具有明顯的個性化特征(√)
2、源自于“啟發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)”的理論稱之為“發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)”(√)
3、課堂學(xué)習(xí)中教師的主導(dǎo)作用使通過控制予以體現(xiàn)的(×)
4、課堂教學(xué)評價的價值在于對教師教學(xué)行為的某種鑒定(×)
1、“再創(chuàng)造”學(xué)習(xí)理論的核心就是“數(shù)學(xué)化”理論(√)
2、一種教學(xué)策略就有若干固定的教學(xué)方法所組成(×)
3、常模參照評價是一種相對評價(√)
4、不同情境下的各種數(shù)據(jù)有著各自不同的處理策略和模式(√)
四、簡答題 1.簡述國際上小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的組織與呈現(xiàn)的發(fā)展有哪些共同性的特征 . ①在選擇上表現(xiàn)出“切近兒童生活”(的價值取向);②在呈現(xiàn)上表現(xiàn)出“強化過程體驗”(的價值 取向); ③在組織上表現(xiàn)出“注重探究發(fā)現(xiàn)”(的價值取向);
2.簡述在概念引入階段主要可以運用哪些策略? .簡述在概念引入階段主要可以運用哪些策略? ①生活化(策略)。(多樣化、豐富、情境、激發(fā)、活動)②操作性(策略)。(做數(shù)學(xué)、嘗試 操作)③情境激發(fā)(策略)。(主動觀察、積極思考、發(fā)現(xiàn)問題)④知識遷移(策略)。(利用數(shù)學(xué)結(jié) 構(gòu)精良特點、使數(shù)學(xué)概念系統(tǒng)化)
3.簡述兒童形成空間觀念的主要知覺的障礙。.簡述兒童形成空間觀念的主要知覺的障礙。①空間識別障礙(空間的方位感)兒童的空間識別能力是階段性發(fā)展的;兒童的空間識別能力 的發(fā)展是不平衡的;②視覺知覺障礙(不能有效地建立或運用視覺知覺符號與大腦中貯存的圖式與概 念迅速建立聯(lián)系的水平或策略)
4.簡述數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)的基本內(nèi)涵。.簡述數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)的基本內(nèi)涵。①懂得數(shù)學(xué)的價值;②對自己的數(shù)學(xué)能力有自信心;③有解決現(xiàn)實數(shù)學(xué)問題的能力;④學(xué)會數(shù)學(xué) 交流; ⑤學(xué)會數(shù)學(xué)的思想方法;
5.簡述可以構(gòu)建哪些促進學(xué)生發(fā)展的學(xué)業(yè)評估的策略? .簡述可以構(gòu)建哪些促進學(xué)生發(fā)展的學(xué)業(yè)評估的策略? ①過程性評價(多元化、生成性、即時性、差異性);②發(fā)展性評價(多樣化、開放性、體驗性)③表現(xiàn)性評價;
6.簡述小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則教學(xué)的主要模式。.簡述小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則教學(xué)的主要模式。①例-規(guī)教學(xué)模式(先向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)某一規(guī)則的若干例證,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的觀察、嘗試或討論等獲 得,來發(fā)現(xiàn)并概括出一般性的規(guī)則); ②規(guī)-例教學(xué)模式(先向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)某個規(guī)則,然后通過若干的實例來說明規(guī)則);
7.簡述課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動中學(xué)生參與的基本含義。.簡述課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動中學(xué)生參與的基本含義。①行為參與主要指(反映)學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)(過程)中的行為表現(xiàn); ②情感參與主要指學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)(過程)中所獲得的情感體驗; ③認(rèn)知參與主要指學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)(過程)中(通過學(xué)習(xí)方法)所表現(xiàn)出來的思維水平與層次;
8.簡述小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評估的目的主要有哪些? .簡述小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評估的目的主要有哪些? ①為學(xué)生了解自己的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)提供反饋的信息,以便讓學(xué)生通過反思自己的學(xué)習(xí)過程來調(diào)整自己 的學(xué)習(xí)(的行為、情感和策略的參與水平); ②幫助學(xué)生改善對數(shù)學(xué)以及數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)識(進一步了解數(shù)學(xué)以及數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的價值,發(fā)展自己的 數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)); ③幫助教師進一步了解兒童的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí); ④幫助教師與學(xué)生一起進一步完善數(shù)學(xué)課程;
9.簡述兒童形成空間觀念的心理特點主要有哪些? .簡述兒童形成空間觀念的心理特點主要有哪些? ①對直觀的依賴較大;②用經(jīng)驗來思考和描述性質(zhì)或概念;③(空間觀念的形成)依靠漸進的過 程; ④容易感知圖形的外顯性較強的因素;⑤對圖形性質(zhì)間關(guān)系有一個逐漸理解的過程;⑥對圖形的 識別依賴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式;
10.簡述我國 21 世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程變革主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面。世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程變革主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面。. ①素質(zhì)教育的理念落實到課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之中;②突破學(xué)科中心;③改善學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式; ④評價建議具有更強的指導(dǎo)性和操作性;⑤課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為教材的多樣性和教學(xué)創(chuàng)造性提供了空間;
11.簡述構(gòu)建教學(xué)策略的主要原則有哪些? .簡述構(gòu)建教學(xué)策略的主要原則有哪些? ①準(zhǔn)備原則 ②活動的原則 ③主動參與的原則 ④興趣性原則 ⑤個別適應(yīng)的原則(差異性原則)
12.簡述兒童概率思想發(fā)展的過程特征。.簡述兒童概率思想發(fā)展的過程特征。①對事件發(fā)生可能性的認(rèn)識是逐步發(fā)展的。(低年段兒童有時不能對事件的可能性作出預(yù)測,通 過操作、經(jīng)驗,則有可能預(yù)測;不一定需要通過舉例來說明)②對事件發(fā)生的可能性認(rèn)識受到經(jīng)驗的制約。(源于生活經(jīng)驗;需要舉例說明)③對事件發(fā)生的可能性認(rèn)識需要通過直觀操作來支持。(需要用舉例的方式來說明)
13.簡述在當(dāng)今的世界范圍,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容改革有哪些共同的基本特點? .簡述在當(dāng)今的世界范圍,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容改革有哪些共同的基本特點? ①注重問題解決;②注重數(shù)學(xué)運(應(yīng))用;③注重數(shù)學(xué)思想與數(shù)學(xué)交流;④注重信息處理; ⑤注重數(shù)學(xué)體驗;⑥注重數(shù)學(xué)活動;
14.簡述兒童的空間知覺能力的發(fā)展有哪些階段性的特征? 些階段性的特征? .簡述兒童的空間知覺能力的發(fā)展有哪些階段性的特征 ①方位感是逐步建立地;②空間感念地建立逐漸從外顯特征的把握發(fā)展到從本質(zhì)特征的把握; ③空間透視能力是逐步增強地;
15.簡述數(shù)學(xué)問題的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。.簡述數(shù)學(xué)問題的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。①條件信息;(問題已知的和給定的東西??梢允菙?shù)據(jù)、關(guān)系或狀態(tài));②目標(biāo)信息;③運算信 息;
五、論述題 1.請做一個 以問題解決為主線的課堂學(xué)習(xí)的活動結(jié)構(gòu) 的教學(xué)設(shè)計(只要設(shè)計出教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)并說 以問題解決為主線的課堂學(xué)習(xí)的活動結(jié)構(gòu)”的教學(xué)設(shè)計 .請做一個“以問題解決為主線的課堂學(xué)習(xí)的活動結(jié)構(gòu) 的教學(xué)設(shè)計(明該環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))。明該環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))。①創(chuàng)設(shè)情景環(huán)節(jié);②嘗試探究與問題解決環(huán)節(jié);③共同概括結(jié)論(討論、評析或總結(jié)等)環(huán)節(jié);
2.請做一個采用 例-規(guī)教學(xué)模式 來組織的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則的教學(xué)設(shè)計(只要設(shè)計出主要的 來組織的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則的教學(xué)設(shè)計 .請做一個采用“例 規(guī)教學(xué)模式”來組織的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則的教學(xué)設(shè)計(教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),并解釋每一個環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))。教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),并解釋每一個環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))。①(大量)實例(可以是帶情景的,可以是從舊知識引入的,可以直接給出的);②探究規(guī)律; ③總結(jié)規(guī)律; 3.試分析新世紀(jì)我國小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程多緯度的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)特征。.試分析新世紀(jì)我國小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程多緯度的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)特征。①從知識的領(lǐng)域切入:a:數(shù)與代數(shù)(數(shù)與式、方程與不等式、函數(shù));b:空間與圖形(現(xiàn)實世界 中的物體、幾何體和平面圖形的形狀、大小、位置關(guān)系及其變換);c:統(tǒng)計與概率(現(xiàn)實世界中數(shù)據(jù)、客觀世界的隨機現(xiàn)象、事件發(fā)生的可能性、數(shù)據(jù)收集整理、描述和分析、猜測);d:實踐活動或綜合 運用(綜合運用已有知識和經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)過自主探索、合作交流、解決問題); ②從數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)切入:a:知識與技能(即數(shù)與代數(shù)、空間與圖形、統(tǒng)計與概率);b:數(shù)學(xué) 思考(數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)核心、思維結(jié)構(gòu)、發(fā)現(xiàn)、解釋、描述、推理、證明、歸納、抽象);c:解決問題(數(shù) 學(xué)素養(yǎng)核心、能力結(jié)構(gòu));d:情感與態(tài)度(非智力因素結(jié)構(gòu)、好奇心、體驗、主動參與、克服困難)③從數(shù)學(xué)活動的素養(yǎng)切入:a:數(shù)感;b:符號感;c:空間觀念;d:統(tǒng)計觀念;e:應(yīng)用意識;f: 推理能力 ; 4.請實例說明三種不同的數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的主要方法。
①試誤法(嘗試錯誤法)。逐個嘗試每一種的可能性,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)某一嘗試是錯誤的,就改為另一 種嘗試,直到獲得問題解決。②逆推法。在問題解決的過程中,從問題目標(biāo)出發(fā),向著問題情境的初始狀態(tài)做反向推導(dǎo)。屬于 一種“分析”的思維路線。③逼近法(爬山法)。在問題解決的過程中,在問題情境的初始狀態(tài)與目標(biāo)狀態(tài)之間提出一些子 目標(biāo),利用不斷獲得子目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)來逼近問題目標(biāo)。屬于一種“綜合”的思維路線。
5.舉例說明如何發(fā)展兒童的比較能力? .舉例說明如何發(fā)展兒童的比較能力? 答案: 答案:①所謂比較,是借以認(rèn)出對象和現(xiàn)象的一種邏輯方法。②方法:利用數(shù)量關(guān)系進行比較; 利用易混概念做精細(xì)的比較;利用揭示本質(zhì)屬性進行比較;利用一些反思性活動來進行比較;
6.運用 通過游戲活動來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性 策略嘗試設(shè)計一個有關(guān)概率知識的課 通過游戲活動來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性”策略嘗試設(shè)計一個有關(guān)概率知識的課 .運用“通過游戲活動來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性 堂活動。堂活動。①利用游戲來引導(dǎo)兒童體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性以及等可能性是一個非常有效的策略。②活動要求:第一,具有游戲的特點;第二,通過游戲能體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性;
7.請做一個運用 概念形成 途徑獲得數(shù)學(xué)概念的教學(xué)設(shè)計(只要設(shè)計出主要的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),并解 概念形成”途徑獲得數(shù)學(xué)概念的教學(xué)設(shè)計 .請做一個運用“概念形成 途徑獲得數(shù)學(xué)概念的教學(xué)設(shè)計(只要設(shè)計出主要的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),釋每一個環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))釋每一個環(huán)節(jié)的主要任務(wù))①感知具體對象階段。(要設(shè)計一個具體的知覺對象)②嘗試建立表象階段。(設(shè)計的活動是學(xué)生對對象有一個整體的認(rèn)識)③抽象本質(zhì)屬性階段。(設(shè)計的活動就是學(xué)生找到對象的本質(zhì)屬性)④符號表征階段。(學(xué)生能用符號或命題的形式來表征對象的本質(zhì)屬性)⑤概念運用階段。(設(shè)計概念運用的活動要能表現(xiàn)學(xué)生進一步對概念內(nèi)涵和外延的理解)
8.簡要說明,兒童在空間幾何學(xué)習(xí)過程中的如下幾種反應(yīng),分別屬于幾何思維水平發(fā)展的哪個 .簡要說明,兒童在空間幾何學(xué)習(xí)過程中的如下幾種反應(yīng),階段? 階段? ① 因為這個(矩形)像門,而這個(三角形)不像門,所以它們是不一樣的。因為這個(正方形)像一塊手帕,而這個(菱形)也像一塊手帕,所以它們是相同的。② 因為長方形是對邊分別平行的四邊形,所以,長方形就是一種平行四邊形。答案: 答案:①直觀化階段(水平1 階段);②抽象(關(guān)聯(lián))階段(水平3 階段);
9.舉例說明如何發(fā)展兒童將數(shù)學(xué)運用到現(xiàn)實情境的能力? .舉例說明如何發(fā)展兒童將數(shù)學(xué)運用到現(xiàn)實情境的能力? 答案: 答案: ① 學(xué)會用數(shù)學(xué)的思想來考察現(xiàn)實。② 構(gòu)建普遍知識與特殊情境(情景)的聯(lián)系。
10.請用實例說明應(yīng)當(dāng)如何發(fā)展學(xué)生問題表征的能力。
①仔細(xì)審定問題情境(按基本成分分解問題情境;注意整體與部分關(guān)系)②學(xué)會深度表征(模型嘗試;原理聯(lián)想)簡答題 簡述作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)和作為學(xué)科的數(shù)學(xué)之間的不同。
簡述作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)和作為學(xué)科的數(shù)學(xué)之間的不同。從知識體系看,作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué),是一個完整的、獨立于任何人的任何知識結(jié)構(gòu)而存在的、特定的知 識和思想體系。而作為教育的數(shù)學(xué),則是一個經(jīng)過人為的加工和提煉的、依據(jù)某一特殊人群(學(xué)生)的特殊需要(即數(shù)學(xué)教育的目標(biāo))和經(jīng)驗、知識與能力結(jié)構(gòu)而設(shè)計的知識和思想體系;從數(shù)學(xué)活動過 程看,作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué),是一類專門的人(數(shù)學(xué)家)的一個完全獨立的探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)造的活動過程,而作為教育的數(shù)學(xué),則是一類專門的人(學(xué)生)在某些專門的人(教師)的引導(dǎo)和幫助下的一個模仿 探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)與創(chuàng)造的活動過程;從學(xué)習(xí)對象特征看,作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué),其對象是一個完全由符號、概 念和規(guī)則等構(gòu)成的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng),而作為教育的數(shù)學(xué),其對象則是含有經(jīng)驗、直觀的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng); 從活動的目的看,作為科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)活動,是為了獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造數(shù)學(xué),而作為教育的數(shù)學(xué)活動,是為 了“接受”已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)造的數(shù)學(xué)。生活數(shù)學(xué)對小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程的意義。生活數(shù)學(xué)對小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程的意義。兒童常常是通過探索他們自己的生活世界和精神世界來了解并獲得數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的,是通過自已的大量的 實踐活動來獲得數(shù)學(xué)知識的,是在許許多多的問題解決過程中來發(fā)展自已的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力的。兒童認(rèn) 識數(shù)學(xué)的起點往往不是由符號所組成的邏輯公理,而是他們自已的生活實踐所形成的經(jīng)驗。兒童的數(shù) 學(xué)活動也不是從觀察符號開始,用邏輯推理來進行的,而是從觀察現(xiàn)象開始,用特征歸納來進行的。兒童的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)與成人的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)在層次上有哪些不同。兒童的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)與成人的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)在層次上有哪些不同。成人往往用的是邏輯演繹,而兒童往往用的是經(jīng)驗歸納。
數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)的基本內(nèi)涵。數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)的基本內(nèi)涵。①懂得數(shù)學(xué)的價值②對自已的數(shù)學(xué)能力有自信心③有解決現(xiàn)實數(shù)學(xué)問題的能力 ④學(xué)會數(shù)學(xué)交流⑤學(xué)會數(shù)學(xué)的思想方法。
簡述普遍知識與特殊情境之間差異的基本表現(xiàn)。特殊的情境之中往往并不明確顯示那些規(guī)則性的成分,而要獲得特殊情境中的問題解決,卻又必須依 照某些規(guī)則。兒童的問題解決所產(chǎn)生的錯誤,在許多情況下往往并不是某些數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)則性知識的問題,而是不能抓住一般的數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)則性成分和其在特殊情境中的運用之間的聯(lián)系。例如,數(shù)學(xué)中的陳述性知 識雖然容易保持但卻較難檢索,因為它們往往是以嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)拿}或抽象的符號來呈現(xiàn)的,一旦需要將由 命題的推演或符號的證明轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實情境中的問題思考時,就會給問題的表征和知識的檢索帶來一定 的困難。再如,數(shù)學(xué)中的程序性知識是相對容易保持并易于檢索的,面對現(xiàn)實情境中的問題,似乎只 要能再現(xiàn)那些程序性知識就行了。而現(xiàn)實情境卻往往并不直接呈現(xiàn)所包含的那些程序性規(guī)則特征的信 息,這就容易阻礙學(xué)生在問題解決過程中對問題的表征和知識的檢索。在普通的數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)則和特殊情境 之間,惟一的橋梁是學(xué)生有意識地在現(xiàn)實情境下進行數(shù)學(xué)思維。簡述將數(shù)學(xué)運用到現(xiàn)實情境為基本能力的基本含義。
簡述將數(shù)學(xué)運用到現(xiàn)實情境為基本能力的基本含義。①學(xué)會用數(shù)學(xué)的思想來考察現(xiàn)實②構(gòu)建普遍知識與特殊情境的聯(lián)系。簡述我國傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程結(jié)構(gòu)的基本特征。簡述我國傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程結(jié)構(gòu)的基本特征。①課程開發(fā)——學(xué)術(shù)中心②課程組織——學(xué)科取向③課程結(jié)構(gòu)——螺旋式④課堂教學(xué)——記憶為主⑤ 學(xué)業(yè)評價——筆試考試為主。世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程變革主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面。
我國 21 世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程變革主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面。①素質(zhì)教育的理念落實到課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之中②突破學(xué)科中心③改善學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式④評價建議具有更強的 指導(dǎo)性和操作性⑤課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為教材的多樣性和教學(xué)創(chuàng)造性提供了空間。
影響小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的基本因素。①社會的進步對數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的影響②數(shù)學(xué)自身的發(fā)展對數(shù)學(xué)課 程目標(biāo)的影響③兒童的發(fā)展觀對數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的影響。當(dāng)今國際小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的變革主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面 ①注重問題解②注重數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用③注重數(shù)學(xué)交流④注重數(shù)學(xué)思想方法⑤注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的態(tài)度情感與自信 心。
新世紀(jì)我國小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程在對一般性的總體目標(biāo)論述中有哪些特點。①對數(shù)學(xué)知識的理解發(fā)生了變化——數(shù)學(xué)知識不僅包括“客觀性知識”,而且還包括從屬于學(xué)生自已的 “主觀性知識”,即帶有鮮明個體認(rèn)知特征的個人知識和數(shù)學(xué)活動經(jīng)驗。②強調(diào)了應(yīng)該掌握的基本數(shù)學(xué) 思想和方法。③強調(diào)在數(shù)學(xué)中存在的一種可以遷移到其他領(lǐng)域的東西,這就是數(shù)學(xué)思維方式。④強調(diào) 運用數(shù)學(xué)思維方式解決日常生活中的問題,增強應(yīng)用意識。
世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)在具體性的論述中有哪些特點。
①在知識與技能目標(biāo)中首次出現(xiàn)了過 程性目標(biāo)。②數(shù)學(xué)思考目標(biāo)所闡述的內(nèi)涵并非單純地指向純粹的數(shù)學(xué)活動本身,它應(yīng)當(dāng)直接指向?qū)W生 在與數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的一般思維水平方面的發(fā)展。③關(guān)于解決問題目標(biāo)所體現(xiàn)的內(nèi)涵并不等同于一般的解題 活動。④情感與態(tài)度目標(biāo)關(guān)系到對數(shù)學(xué)課堂中的素質(zhì)教育的認(rèn)識。
我國傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)與呈現(xiàn)有些什么樣的特征。①螺旋遞進式的體系組織②邏輯推理 式的知識呈現(xiàn)③模仿例題式的練習(xí)配套。世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容從知識的領(lǐng)域切入的結(jié)構(gòu)。我國 21 世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容從知識的領(lǐng)域切入的結(jié)構(gòu)。小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容分為數(shù)與代數(shù)、空間與圖形、統(tǒng)計與概率、實踐與綜合應(yīng)用四個領(lǐng)域,這構(gòu)成了數(shù) 學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的知識性結(jié)構(gòu)。
選擇小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的主要依據(jù)有哪些。①依據(jù)義務(wù)教育的性質(zhì)和需要②依據(jù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的 趨勢和社會發(fā)展的實際需要③依據(jù)小學(xué)生的年齡特征和接受能力。
選擇小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的基本原則有哪些。①基礎(chǔ)性原則②可接受性與發(fā)展性相結(jié)合的原則③統(tǒng)一性與靈活性相結(jié)合的原則④教育作用原則。
國際上小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的組織與呈現(xiàn)的發(fā)展有哪些共同性的特征。①在選擇上表現(xiàn)出“切近兒童生活”的價值取向②在呈現(xiàn)上表現(xiàn)出“強化過程體驗”的價值取向③在組織 上表現(xiàn)出“注重探究發(fā)現(xiàn)”的價值取向。
在當(dāng)今的世界范圍,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容改革有哪些共同的基本特點。①注重問題解決②注重數(shù)學(xué)運用③注重數(shù)學(xué)思想與數(shù)學(xué)交流④注重信息處理⑤注重數(shù)學(xué)體驗⑥注重數(shù) 學(xué)活動。
從數(shù)學(xué)知識的分類看,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)又可以分為哪些基本的類型? ①概念性知識(陳述性知識)的學(xué)習(xí)②技能性知識(程序性知識)的學(xué)習(xí)③問題解決(策略性知識)的學(xué)習(xí)。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)的過程和目標(biāo)的不同,學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)大致可以分為哪些類型? ①記憶操作類的學(xué)習(xí)②理解性的學(xué)習(xí)③探索性的學(xué)習(xí)。從學(xué)習(xí)的歸納水平來區(qū)分,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)主要有哪些水平級。從學(xué)習(xí)的歸納水平來區(qū)分,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)主要有哪些水平級。①零級水平:將呈現(xiàn)在面前的對象 作為一個信號來觀察其結(jié)構(gòu)。②一級水平:將一些符號作為觀察的對象。③二級水平:將一些關(guān)系的 邏輯特征作為觀察對象。④三級水平:能區(qū)分命題與逆命題。簡述數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)與學(xué)習(xí)層次的關(guān)系。
簡述數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)與學(xué)習(xí)層次的關(guān)系。①學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中所呈現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)層次,與認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)的任務(wù)和目標(biāo)要求有關(guān)。因為不同的學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知任務(wù)和 目標(biāo)要求,決定著不同的學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)知的思維水平。②學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的層次還與教師的教學(xué)組織策略有關(guān),教 師可能對教材作出不同的處理和對教學(xué)的不同組織,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)就可能存在不同的層次。③學(xué)習(xí)層次還 與學(xué)習(xí)者自已的學(xué)習(xí)策略直接相關(guān)。
認(rèn)知遷移的實現(xiàn)主要取決于哪些因素。①對象的共同因素②已有經(jīng)驗的概括水平③定勢的作用④學(xué)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)。
① 方位感是逐步建立的②空間概念的建立逐漸從外顯特征的把握發(fā)展到從本質(zhì)特征的把握③空間透視 能力是逐步增強的。②
從數(shù)學(xué)知識的分類角度出發(fā),數(shù)學(xué)能力主要有怎樣的分類?①認(rèn)知②操作③策略。
③ 兒童的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知能力的非層次性差異可以哪些角度來分類? ①具有個性特征的數(shù)學(xué)能力類別②在結(jié)構(gòu)類型中所表現(xiàn)出的能力差異③在數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格中所表現(xiàn)出的
能力差異。
④
程序教學(xué)的基本流程。①解釋——即向?qū)W生講清怎樣使用教學(xué)機器來學(xué)習(xí)。包括程序的使用、程序中指令的意義以及機器的 操作方式等。②顯示問題——即通過教學(xué)機器,將需要學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)的教材內(nèi)容,以問題的形式,循序 漸進地一個一個地呈現(xiàn)出來,期待著學(xué)習(xí)者的一個相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。③解答(反應(yīng))與確認(rèn)——即學(xué)習(xí)者 對機器呈現(xiàn)的問題作出自已的應(yīng)答(反應(yīng))并獲得機器的判定。
⑤
發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)的基本流程。創(chuàng)設(shè)情境——提出假設(shè)——檢驗假設(shè)——總結(jié)運用
⑥
發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)的主要特征有哪些。①發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式注重知識的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程,提倡讓學(xué)生自已發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,分析問題,解決問題,主動 獲取知識。②發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式強調(diào)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性,強調(diào)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知過程,重視認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)、知識 結(jié)構(gòu)和學(xué)生的獨立思考在學(xué)習(xí)中的重要作用。③發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式強調(diào)教師的作用不是提供現(xiàn)成的知識,而是促進學(xué)生積極地去思考并參與幫助學(xué)生知識的獲得。
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探究學(xué)習(xí)的主要特征有哪些。①強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)就是學(xué)生自已參與、卷入和經(jīng)歷分析與認(rèn)識的過程。②強調(diào)學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主體。③強調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)過程的開放性。④探究學(xué)習(xí)有別于發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)。
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探究學(xué)習(xí)的理論在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中運用時要注意的問題。①注意探究教學(xué)模式對學(xué)習(xí)主體的適用性。②注意學(xué)習(xí)材料的選擇與呈現(xiàn)。③注意教師引導(dǎo)的適度性。
④加強學(xué)生科學(xué)態(tài)度的養(yǎng)成和探究能力的發(fā)展。
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與發(fā)現(xiàn)教學(xué)模式相比,再創(chuàng)造教學(xué)模式具有以下一些特征: ①“發(fā)現(xiàn)法”是處于較低層次的一種“再創(chuàng)造” 活動,并未真正接觸數(shù)學(xué)思維的本質(zhì),它必須進一步發(fā)展。而“再創(chuàng)造”則是貫穿在整個數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)過程 中的一個教學(xué)原則。②“發(fā)現(xiàn)法”教學(xué)中,學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)就是讓學(xué)生去發(fā)現(xiàn)這些一個又一個客體。在實 施教學(xué)過程中,學(xué)生根據(jù)教師設(shè)計好的一個個問題去發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo),從某種角度說學(xué)生還是處在被動狀態(tài); 而“再創(chuàng)造”教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)是數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)實理論,認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)是由客觀世界與學(xué)生頭腦中的“數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)實”互相 作用融為一體的過程,數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的任務(wù)是不斷豐富和提高學(xué)生所擁有的“數(shù)學(xué)現(xiàn)實”。整個過程,學(xué)生 始終在主動、積極、創(chuàng)造的狀態(tài)之中,使得學(xué)生的主體性得到充分發(fā)揮。⑩
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)過程的基本特征。①數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)過程就是數(shù)學(xué)活動的過程②數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)過程就是師生以數(shù)學(xué)問題為媒介的相互作用 過程③數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)過程就是師生共同發(fā)展的過程。
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傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方式特點??腕w性;單一性;接受性;封閉性。
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倡導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)方式的多樣化,主要取決于哪些因素? ①由于生活經(jīng)歷以及個性差異,造成了每一個人對數(shù)學(xué)的理解是不完全相同的,對數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的理解也 并不是完全相同的,因而每一個人的學(xué)習(xí)方式也是有差異的。②不同的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)與目標(biāo)的不同,即便是同一個人,其實現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)意義的理解和形成數(shù)學(xué)能力的方式也是有差異的。③每一個人的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn) 識能力、水平、風(fēng)格乃至于數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的策略等具有明顯的個性差異特征。
? 課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動中學(xué)生參與的基本含義。主要是指學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中的身心投入,它反映的是學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中的心理活動方式和行 為努力的程度。它包 4 括行為參與、情感參與和認(rèn)知參與。學(xué)生參與對學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果的影響。①學(xué)生的行為參與對一般的計算和解答簡單的常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題(如應(yīng)用題)學(xué)生參與對學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果的影響。的成績影響較大,而對一些開放性的或綜合性的非常規(guī)問題解決的成績沒有顯著影響。②學(xué)生的認(rèn)知 參與對一般的常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的成績影響不大,甚至還表現(xiàn)為淺層次認(rèn)知參與對常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決 的成績的正面影響反而比深層次認(rèn)知參與的正面影響要大。但是,學(xué)生的認(rèn)知參與對具有開放性或綜 合性的非常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的成績影響較大。③學(xué)生的情感參與對一般的常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的成績沒 有顯著的影響,但是,學(xué)生的情感參與對一些具有開放性或綜合性的非常規(guī)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的成績影響 較大。?
在課堂教學(xué)中教師的作用和角色。①教師在課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動中起設(shè)計和組織的作用②教師在課堂教學(xué)活動中起引導(dǎo)、激勵和促進的作用③ 教師在課堂學(xué)習(xí)活動中起診斷和導(dǎo)向的作用。在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的師生相互作用方式。在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的師生相互作用方式。教師是課堂教學(xué)活動的主導(dǎo),而學(xué)生則是課堂教學(xué)活動的主體,他們之間是按主導(dǎo)與主體之間的不斷 錯位滑移來實現(xiàn)相互作用的。①教師的主導(dǎo)作用通過切合的引導(dǎo)予以體現(xiàn)②對話是小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的基本交互形式③課堂教學(xué)是一個人與人之間充分交流與分享的過程。
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構(gòu)成小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂活動的要素有哪些?這些因素構(gòu)成了哪些小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂活動的基本矛盾? ①教學(xué)活動的共同體②教學(xué)活動的對象③教學(xué)活動的過程特征。構(gòu)成如下三對矛盾:①教師的主導(dǎo)性 與學(xué)生的主體性之間的矛盾②學(xué)生認(rèn)知的心理特點與數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科特點之間的矛盾③兒童數(shù)學(xué)與成人數(shù)學(xué) 之間的矛盾。
構(gòu)建課堂教學(xué)策略的價值。①教學(xué)策略是教師確定教學(xué)組織過程的依據(jù)②教學(xué)策略有助于抉擇有效合理的教學(xué)方法③教學(xué)策略是 影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方式選擇的重要因素④教學(xué)策略是評價教師教學(xué)行為的一個重要依據(jù)。
構(gòu)建教學(xué)策略的主要原則有哪些? 準(zhǔn)備原則;活動的原則;主動參與的原則;興趣性原則;個別適應(yīng)的原則(也稱“差異性原則”)。
現(xiàn)代課堂學(xué)習(xí)中教學(xué)組織策略的特點。①運用情境的方式呈現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)②數(shù)學(xué)活動是以任務(wù)來驅(qū)動的③探索是數(shù)學(xué)活動的重要形式。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂學(xué)習(xí)中有哪些基本的教學(xué)組織類型。①接受型的教學(xué)組織:教師通過在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的各種提示性活動,如講解、提問、示范、演示等方法,來幫助學(xué)生接受并內(nèi)化既定的數(shù)學(xué)知識,形成既定的數(shù)學(xué)技能。②問題解決型教學(xué)組織:是以問題為 導(dǎo)向,以問題解決為目標(biāo),以教師與學(xué)生共同的對話與討論、實驗與嘗試等為手段,促進學(xué)生主動學(xué)習(xí)的一種教學(xué)組織。③自主型的教學(xué)組織:這種類型的教學(xué)組織,最大的特征就是在課堂學(xué)習(xí)的過程 中,教師的控制性被大大地減弱,學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)活動在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中占了主導(dǎo)地位。它通常都是由教 師先提出問題,或呈現(xiàn)一個問題情境由學(xué)生自已提出問題,然后由學(xué)生獨立的(或在一定的引導(dǎo)和幫 助下)去嘗試解決問題,從而使學(xué)生建構(gòu)數(shù)學(xué)知識,形成技能,發(fā)展數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)。
教學(xué)方法的多樣化主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面。①教學(xué)方法不是一個不變的程序結(jié)構(gòu)②不同的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和目標(biāo)可以有多樣化的教學(xué)方法③同樣的教學(xué) 方法可以有不同的行為方式④教學(xué)方法在一堂課中往往是交替使用的。
何通過教學(xué)方法的多樣化來改變學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式。①通過各種方式讓學(xué)生明確自已的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)和學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)②幫助學(xué)生依據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容確定自己的學(xué)習(xí)方式 ③注重兒童自已的經(jīng)驗、興趣和學(xué)習(xí)方式,寧可改變自已預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)計劃④鼓勵學(xué)生采用不同策略和 方式參與學(xué)習(xí)⑤讓學(xué)生運用各種方法去觀察對象,預(yù)見結(jié)果,檢驗假設(shè)⑥將學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中所呈現(xiàn) 出的不同反應(yīng)整合進自己的教學(xué)方法之中。
常見的教學(xué)手段有哪些。操作材料;輔助學(xué)具;電化設(shè)備;計算機技術(shù)。小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)評價的主要目的 主要目的。小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)評價的主要目的。①對小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)過程中教師與學(xué)生的活動質(zhì)量進行判斷,從而改善他們的行為方式和行為策略;② 對學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)成就和進步進行判斷,從而激勵他們進一步參與到數(shù)學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)過程之中;③為教師 與學(xué)生參與課堂學(xué)習(xí)提供諸如行為方式、策略以及手段等方面的信息反饋,從而幫助他們隨時修正或 發(fā)展;④使教師與學(xué)生能進一步明確數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的預(yù)期目標(biāo),并共同為達到這個目標(biāo)而努力;⑤促進教 師對兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式、行為方式以及情感的認(rèn)識,改善兒童對數(shù)學(xué)的價值、對學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度以及參與學(xué)習(xí)的情感。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)評價的價值主要有哪些? 導(dǎo)向價值;反饋價值;診斷價值;激勵價值;研究價值。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評估的目的主要有哪些。①為學(xué)生了解自已的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)提供反饋的信息,以便讓學(xué)生通過反思自已的學(xué)習(xí)過程來調(diào)整自已的學(xué)習(xí)行為、情感和策略的參與水平。②幫助學(xué)生改善對數(shù)學(xué)以及數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)識,進一步了解數(shù)學(xué)以及 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的價值,發(fā)展自已的數(shù)學(xué)素養(yǎng)。③幫助教師進一步了解兒童對數(shù)學(xué)的態(tài)度和情感,了解兒童 的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方式的多樣性和差異性,了解兒童數(shù)學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的水平,了解兒童形成數(shù)學(xué)自信心的過 程,從而改善教師的教學(xué)組織。④幫助教師與學(xué)生一起進一步完善數(shù)學(xué)課程,調(diào)整課程計劃,生成新 的學(xué)習(xí)。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評估的基本原則 發(fā)展性原則;過程性原則;全面性原則。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評估的基本內(nèi)容有哪些 對數(shù)學(xué)價值的了解;數(shù)學(xué)知識意義的建構(gòu);數(shù)學(xué)技能的形成;數(shù)學(xué)問題解決能力水平;數(shù)學(xué)思想與方 法的獲得;數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度與情感;數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的自信心。簡述可以構(gòu)建哪些促進學(xué)生發(fā)展的學(xué)業(yè)評估的策略。
簡述可以構(gòu)建哪些促進學(xué)生發(fā)展的學(xué)業(yè)評估的策略。①過程性評價——評價的策略之一;②發(fā)展性評價——評價的策略之二;③表現(xiàn)性評價——評價的策 略之三。
課堂教學(xué)評價的目的有哪些 ①有利于學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展;②有利于教師的專業(yè)發(fā)展。
概念的主要特征。①概念是對兩種以上對象的共同特征的概括,即概念是反映兩種以上對象在本質(zhì)屬性上的聯(lián)系。②概 念主要是以詞的形式來標(biāo)志的,概念與詞匯實際上是內(nèi)容與形式的關(guān)系,但它們并不都是一一對應(yīng)的 關(guān)系。③概念是抽象與概括的結(jié)果。④概念就是對經(jīng)驗的加工。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)概念在學(xué)習(xí)上的主要特征 ① 在數(shù)學(xué)概念組織上的特征 小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)概念在組織上具有系統(tǒng)性的特征,這是由于數(shù)學(xué)自身的自然結(jié) 構(gòu)的精確性所決定的。②在數(shù)學(xué)概念獲得上的特征心理學(xué)家的大量研究表明,年齡稍低的兒童,往往只能建構(gòu)一級概念,對于形成和掌握大量的二級概念還有一定的困難。③在數(shù)學(xué)概念呈現(xiàn)上 的特征 在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科中,更多的是以圖或語言文字為主,并以描述的方式予以呈現(xiàn)。
小學(xué)生形成數(shù)學(xué)概念的主要途徑。(1)概念形成主要過程為:①感知具體對象階段。②嘗試建立表象階段。③抽象本質(zhì)屬性階段。④符號 表征階段。⑤概念的運用階段。(2)概念同化主要過程為:①喚起認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)中的相關(guān)概念。②進一步 抽象形成新概念。③分離新概念的關(guān)鍵屬性。兒童獲得數(shù)學(xué)概念的大致過程。①感知階段;②表象階段;③概念階段。
在概念引入階段主要可以運用哪些策略。生活化策略;操作性策略;情境激發(fā)策略;知識遷移策略。
在建立概念階段主要可以運用哪些策略。多例比較策略;表象過度策略;概括關(guān)鍵要素策略;表述交流策略;多次歸納的策略;操作分類策略; 導(dǎo)讀自悟策略。
語言對數(shù)學(xué)概念學(xué)習(xí)的影響。在形成數(shù)學(xué)概念的抽象或概括的過程中,語言具有加工的功能。從兒童形成概念的過程看,不同的階 段所使用的語言具有不同的特征。數(shù)學(xué)概念的學(xué)習(xí)和表示數(shù)學(xué)概念的語言學(xué)習(xí)是不同的。不能以為掌 握了這個詞匯就是理解了概念。有一定的對數(shù)學(xué)語言的理解能力,才能通過教材或教師給出的定義(或 結(jié)語),結(jié)合自已的知識和經(jīng)驗,正確理解數(shù)學(xué)概念。能用簡練、嚴(yán)密的語言表述數(shù)學(xué)概念的內(nèi)涵、外 延,才能構(gòu)建準(zhǔn)確、清晰的數(shù)學(xué)概念。
邏輯層面看,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則在學(xué)習(xí)方式上有哪些特點。運算法則;運算性質(zhì);運算方法。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則在學(xué)習(xí)方式上有哪些特點。(1)學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容特點:①以認(rèn)數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)為起點; ②以整數(shù)四則運算為主線; ③小數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)的性質(zhì)和運算規(guī)則 學(xué)習(xí)與認(rèn)數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)交織進行;④性質(zhì)與概念學(xué)習(xí)是伴隨著運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)而展開的。(2)學(xué)習(xí)方式的特點: ①淡化嚴(yán)格證明,強化合情推理;②重要規(guī)則逐步深化; ③有些規(guī)則不給結(jié)語。
口算與筆算有哪些區(qū)別和聯(lián)系??谒闩c筆算在思維過程和技能形成等方面都有一定的區(qū)別。主要表現(xiàn)在: ①規(guī)則制約運算的效果不同。②間接聯(lián)系的作用不同。③運用技能的性質(zhì)不同。④可變因素與不變因素的相互關(guān)系不同。⑤間接聯(lián) 系與直接聯(lián)系的轉(zhuǎn)變過程不同。⑥智力要求的不同。
兒童掌握計算規(guī)則的過程有哪些特點。(1)生活經(jīng)驗是理解運算意義的基礎(chǔ):①豐富的生活情境是理解運算意義的條件;②豐富的生活情境擴 展著對運算意義的理解。(2)規(guī)則的運用有明顯的階段性:①規(guī)則理解和掌握的階段性;②規(guī)則運用 的階段性。(3)從實物表征運算發(fā)展到符號表征運算。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則教學(xué)的主要模式。(1)例—規(guī)教學(xué)模式:就是指先向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)某一規(guī)則的若干例證,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的觀察、嘗試或討論 等獲得,來發(fā)現(xiàn)并概括出一般性的規(guī)則的教學(xué)模式,這種模式通常較為適用于規(guī)則的上位學(xué)習(xí)。(2)規(guī) —例教學(xué)模式:是指教師先向?qū)W生呈現(xiàn)某個規(guī)則,然后通過若干的實例來說明規(guī)則的一種教學(xué)模式,這 種教學(xué)模式往往比較適用于規(guī)則的下位學(xué)習(xí),其條件就是學(xué)生必須掌握構(gòu)建規(guī)則的必要概念。
在運算規(guī)則的導(dǎo)入階段主要可以運用哪些策略。①情境導(dǎo)入:是指教師創(chuàng)設(shè)一個具有現(xiàn)實意義的情境,而情境本身則蘊涵著某一個規(guī)則命題。情境刺 激著兒童的興趣和注意力,從而能積極地參與到各種感知與思維的活動中去。當(dāng)兒童獲得對規(guī)則的意 義理解的時候,同時也體驗到了規(guī)則本身的價值。②活動導(dǎo)入:就是教師先創(chuàng)設(shè)一個有趣的或有價值 的活動,讓兒童在活動中發(fā)現(xiàn)并提出問題,從而刺激學(xué)生去思考,去嘗試,去探究,最終獲得對某一 規(guī)則的理解和掌握。③問題導(dǎo)入:就是利用兒童已有的知識或經(jīng)驗,構(gòu)造出一些新的問題,從而引起 兒童的認(rèn)知沖突,刺激他們能主動的去探究新的命題。
可以從哪些方面去發(fā)展兒童的良好的數(shù)感。(1)在實際的情境中形成數(shù)的意義:①在實際情境中認(rèn)識數(shù);②在實際情境中運用數(shù)。(2)具有良好的數(shù) 的位置感和關(guān)系感:①發(fā)展數(shù)的良好位置感;②對各種數(shù)的關(guān)系有敏銳的反應(yīng)。(3)對數(shù)和數(shù)的運算 實際意義有所理解。
小學(xué)幾何學(xué)習(xí)的主要目標(biāo)從活動的特征可以如何描述。①能從實物的形狀想像出幾何圖形,或由幾何圖形想像出實物的形狀;②能從較復(fù)雜的圖形中分解出 基本的圖形,并能分析出其中的基本元素及其關(guān)系;③能描述出實物或圖形的運動和變化;④能采用 適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞矫枋鑫矬w間的位置關(guān)系,或能運用圖形形象地描述問題,并利用直觀來進行思考。
小學(xué)幾何學(xué)習(xí)的主要目標(biāo)從內(nèi)容的特征可以如何描述。①使學(xué)生獲得有關(guān)線、角、簡單平面圖形和立體圖形的知覺映象(空間表象);②使學(xué)生能建立有關(guān)長 度、面積或體積等的基本概念;③能夠?qū)Σ惶h的物體間的方位、距離和大小有較正確的估計;④能 從較復(fù)雜的圖形中辨別有各種特征的圖形。
小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)幾何學(xué)習(xí)的主要特點。經(jīng)驗是兒童幾何學(xué)習(xí)的起點;操作是兒童構(gòu)建空間表象的主要形式。兒童空間想象力的發(fā)展??臻g想像能力,是指對客觀事物的空間形式進行觀察、分析、歸納和抽象的能力。空間想像能力是以 良好的空間觀念為基礎(chǔ),而空間想像能力是以形成空間概念為目的的。它包含如下幾個要素:①依據(jù) 實物建立模型的能力;②依據(jù)模型還原實物的能力;③依據(jù)模型抽象出特征、大小和位置關(guān)系的能力。它具有兩個明顯的特征:①具有較強的抽象性;②具有較強的想像性。低年段的兒童,對空間圖形的 想像還需要依附一定的直觀物體的支持。經(jīng)過一段時間的學(xué)習(xí)后,到 3~4 年級的兒童,他們已經(jīng)開始 有可能根據(jù)對象的性質(zhì)特征,5 構(gòu)造反映這個對象性質(zhì)特征的模型,并以模型來思考。到了高年段,兒 童對圖形的認(rèn)識已經(jīng)開始更多地依賴模型的構(gòu)建了。
兒童形成空間觀念的心理特點主要有哪些? ①對直觀的依賴較大②用經(jīng)驗來思考和描述性質(zhì)或概念③空間觀念的形成依靠漸進的過程④容易感知 圖形的外顯性較強的因素⑤對圖形性質(zhì)間的關(guān)系有一個逐漸理解的過程⑥對圖形的識別依賴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式 ⑦依據(jù)平面再造立體圖形的空間想像能力是逐步形成的。
兒童形成空間觀念的主要知覺的障礙 空間識別障礙;視覺知覺障礙。
小學(xué)幾何教學(xué)中 強化動手操作 具體形式有哪些 搭建活動;剪拼與折疊活動;實物操作活動;測量活動;作圖活動。
數(shù)學(xué)問題的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主要由以下三種成分構(gòu)成:條件信息;目標(biāo)信息;運算信息。
數(shù)學(xué)問題的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 問題解決學(xué)習(xí)的意義有哪些 ①為學(xué)生的主動探索與發(fā)現(xiàn)提供一個空間與機會②是幫助學(xué)生實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展的有效途徑③發(fā)展自我 調(diào)控與反思修正能力的最佳方式④能有效地轉(zhuǎn)變學(xué)習(xí)方式。
數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的基本心理模式 ①理解問題;②設(shè)計方案;③執(zhí)行方案;④評價結(jié)果。數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的基本過程 ①指向階段;②形成階段;③執(zhí)行階段。
影響數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的主要因素 ①問題情境的刺激模式;②問題的表征;③定勢;④經(jīng)驗;⑤認(rèn)知策略;⑥個性心理特征。如何發(fā)展學(xué)生問題表征的能力。①仔細(xì)審定問題情境;②學(xué)會深度表征。
如何培養(yǎng)學(xué)生大膽提出假設(shè)和積極思考的能力。①嘗試猜測②多角度地猜測與思考③倡導(dǎo)開放性的思考。
簡述小學(xué)“概率與統(tǒng)計 學(xué)習(xí)的課程意義。形成合理解讀數(shù)據(jù)的能力;提高科學(xué)認(rèn)識客觀世界的能力;發(fā)展在現(xiàn)實情境中解決實際問題的能力。
簡述 統(tǒng)計與概率 在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的基本構(gòu)成。①知道數(shù)據(jù)在描述、分析、預(yù)測以及解決一些日常生活中的現(xiàn)象與問題的價值。②學(xué)會一些簡單的數(shù) 據(jù)收集、整理、分析、處理和利用的基本的能力。③會解讀和制作一些簡單的統(tǒng)計圖表。④認(rèn)識一些 隨機現(xiàn)象,并能運用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉眍A(yù)測這些隨機現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的可能性。
概率與統(tǒng)計”課程目標(biāo)所預(yù)示的教學(xué)組織的特點 簡述第一學(xué)段(1-3 年級)“概率與統(tǒng)計 課程目標(biāo)所預(yù)示的教學(xué)組織的特點。①低年段的兒童學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)計與概率知識,是以直觀的活動為主的,思考是伴隨在諸如分類、排列等操作 活動和直觀觀察之中的;②是以借助具體的操作和日常生活的例子來獲得數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、和分析 過程體驗為主的;③是通過對實例的嘗試性操作活動逐步形成一些初步的數(shù)據(jù)處理技能的;④是以學(xué) 生的經(jīng)驗為基礎(chǔ),并通過簡單的嘗試性試驗來初步感受事件發(fā)生的確定性和不確定性的。
簡述第一學(xué)段(4-6 年級)“概率與統(tǒng)計 課程目標(biāo)所預(yù)示的教學(xué)組織的特點。①中、高年段兒童的統(tǒng)計與概率知識學(xué)習(xí),還是以直觀的活動為主的,同時還是以體驗為基本目標(biāo)的; ②是通過諸如拋硬幣等操作活動來認(rèn)識所謂的等可能性的;③是通過諸如擲骰子等操作活動來做一些 簡單的事件發(fā)生的可能性的計算的。
兒童形成統(tǒng)計思想過程特征。①觀念是伴隨著操作活動逐步形成的;②數(shù)據(jù)的分析與利用能力的形成是漸進的;③對數(shù)據(jù)理解是逐 步發(fā)展的;④對統(tǒng)計樣本的理解缺乏經(jīng)驗的支持;⑤對數(shù)據(jù)特征的認(rèn)識集中在外部的明顯特征上。
兒童形成概率思想發(fā)展的過程特征。①對事件發(fā)生可能性的認(rèn)識是逐步發(fā)展的;②對事件發(fā)生的可能性認(rèn)識受到經(jīng)驗的制約;③對事件發(fā) 生的可能性認(rèn)識需要通過直觀操作來支持。
第二篇:電大網(wǎng)考
唐海電大2012年4月網(wǎng)考報考說明
二、報考與交費網(wǎng)站開通時間:2012年2月10日-2月29日
在報考時間內(nèi),按先約先考、約滿為止的原則報考繳費。
注意:學(xué)員自己報考,若確實有困難的可以到電大來報考
三、報考方法:
一、報考范圍:11春本科及以前沒有合格的學(xué)員可自愿報名參加本次考試。
1、去銀行辦理銀聯(lián)卡(系統(tǒng)所支持銀行名單見附件),存入相應(yīng)的款數(shù)(大學(xué)英語B 35元、計算機應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)35元,共計70元),并要求開通網(wǎng)上支付功能。
2、登錄中國遠程與繼續(xù)教育網(wǎng)點電大考生入口進入--點注冊----------按要求填寫并同意協(xié)議(用戶名和密碼一定記牢,報考、繳費、打印準(zhǔn)考證、成績查詢以及重新報考等都要用到)-------最后確定
連接信息《注意院校:河北廣播電視大學(xué)、學(xué)號為14位(09春及以前沒有合格的)或13位(09秋、10春、10秋)、身份證號為報名入學(xué)時的身份證號》-------連接成功后進入系統(tǒng)進行報考交費(強調(diào)已經(jīng)注冊過的直接登錄系統(tǒng)報考交費即可)
報考前在唐海電大網(wǎng)站上學(xué)習(xí)考生個人網(wǎng)上報考及繳費說明(2010.7上傳的)并認(rèn)真核對個人信息
考點:唐山廣播電視大學(xué)
科目:計算機應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)
大學(xué)英語(B)
四、考試時間:2012年4月21--24日
五、準(zhǔn)考證的打印:
于考前一周自己登陸系統(tǒng)打印或來唐海電大自帶A4紙打印
六、成績查詢
2012年5月25日左右登陸ww.cdce.cn查詢
若有疑問,請電話咨詢8611118丁老師
七、附件:
網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育統(tǒng)考網(wǎng)上繳費支持的銀行:中國郵政儲蓄、中國工商銀行、中國建設(shè)銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行、中國銀行等。
第三篇:電大網(wǎng)考計算機
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計算機應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)電大考試試題
一、單選題
1.不能輸入到Excel工作表的單元格中的是________答案:B A、=“20,12”
B、=20,12
C、20,12
D、=Sheet2!A1+12
2.以下哪個選項不是MPC對音頻處理能力的基本要求: ________。答案:B A、錄入聲波信號
B、保存大容量聲波信號
C、重放聲波信號
D、用MIDI技術(shù)合成音樂
3.______不是多媒體技術(shù)的典型應(yīng)用。答案:D A、教育和培訓(xùn)
B、娛樂和游戲
C、視頻會議系統(tǒng)
D、計算機支持協(xié)同工作
4.“32位微型計算機”中的32指的是________。答案:D A、微機型號
B、內(nèi)存容量
C、運算速度
D、機器字長
5.7位二進制編碼的ASCII碼可表示的字符個數(shù)為________。答案:D A、127
B、255
C、256
D、128 6.8個字節(jié)含二進制位________。答案:D、A、8個
B、16個
C、32個
D、64個
7.BBS有兩種訪問方式:Telnet(遠程登錄)方式和004km.cn,現(xiàn)發(fā)送一封電子郵件給shi@sina.com,發(fā)送完成后________。答案:D A、發(fā)件箱中有kao@sina.com郵件
B、已發(fā)送郵件中有kao@sina.com郵件
C、發(fā)件箱中有shi@sina.com郵件 共
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D、已發(fā)送郵件中有shi@sina.com的郵件
34.POP3服務(wù)器用來 郵件。答案:A A、接收
B、發(fā)送
C、接收和發(fā)送
D、以上均錯
35.PowerPoint的“視圖”按鈕在中。答案:A A、狀態(tài)攔
B、“格式”工具欄
C、垂直滾動條
D、菜單欄
36.PowerPoint的備注視圖和幻燈片的瀏覽視圖均可用來 ________。答案:D A、插入剪貼畫像圖。B、準(zhǔn)備講演。C、打印大綱。D、記錄演示文稿的定時。
37.PowerPoint的圖表是用于 ________。答案:A A、可視化地顯示數(shù)字。B、可視化地顯示文本。C、可以說明一個進程。D、可以顯示一個組織的結(jié)構(gòu)。
38.PowerPoint的旋轉(zhuǎn)工具 ________。答案: A、只能旋轉(zhuǎn)文本
B、只能旋轉(zhuǎn)圖形對象
C、能旋轉(zhuǎn)文本和圖形對象
D、能旋轉(zhuǎn)屏幕布局
39.PowerPoint的頁眉可以 ________。答案:B A、用作標(biāo)題。
B、將文本放置在講義打印頁的頂端。
C、將文本放置在每張幻燈片的頂端。D、將圖片放置在每張幻燈片的頂端。
40.PowerPoint中,當(dāng)在幻燈片中移動多個對象時 ________。答案:C A、只能以英寸為單位移動這些對象
B、一次只能移動一個對象
C、可以將這些對象編組,視它們?yōu)橐粋€整體
D、修改演示文稿中的各個幻燈片布局
41.PowerPoint中,演示文稿的作者必須非常注意演示文稿的兩個要素,這兩個要素是 ________。答案:A A、內(nèi)容和設(shè)計。
B、內(nèi)容和模板。
C、內(nèi)容和視覺效果。
D、問題和解決方法。
42.PowerPoint中,要隱藏某個幻燈片,應(yīng)使用 ________。答案:D A、選擇“工具”--“隱藏幻燈片”菜單命令。B、選擇“視圖”--“隱藏幻燈片”菜單命令。
C、左擊該幻燈片,選擇“隱藏幻燈片”。
D、右擊該幻燈片,選擇“隱藏幻燈片”。
43.PowerPoint中的預(yù)留區(qū)是________。答案:C A、一個用來指定特定幻燈片位置的書簽。B、一個待完成的空白幻燈片。
C、在幻燈片上為各種對象指定的位置。
D、在大綱視圖中用來存放圖片的。
44.PowerPoint自定義動畫中,不可以設(shè)置________。答案:B 共
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A、動畫效果。
B、動作循環(huán)的播放。
C、時間和順序。
D、多媒體設(shè)置。
45.ROM中的信息是________。答案:A A、由計算機制造廠預(yù)先寫入的B、在系統(tǒng)安裝時寫入的C、根據(jù)用戶需求不同,由用戶隨時寫入的D、由程序臨時寫入的46.RTP服務(wù)器一般使用的端口號是________。答案:A A、21
B、23
C、80
D、125
47.TCP/IP協(xié)議是Interent中計算機之間通信所必須共同遵循的一種________。答案:B A、信息資源
B、通信規(guī)定
C、軟件
D、硬件
48.TCP協(xié)議稱是________。答案:B A、網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 B、傳輸控制協(xié)議 C、Network內(nèi)部協(xié)議 D、中轉(zhuǎn)控制協(xié)議
49.URL的含義是________。答案:D A、信息資源在網(wǎng)上什么位置和如何訪問的統(tǒng)一的描述方法。
B、信息資源在網(wǎng)上什么位置及如何定位尋找的統(tǒng)一的描述方法。
C、信息資源在網(wǎng)上的業(yè)務(wù)類型和如何訪問的統(tǒng)一的描述方法。
D、信息資源的網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址的統(tǒng)一描述方法。
50.WINDOWS菜單操作中,如果某個菜單項的顏色暗淡,則表示________。答案:D A、只要雙擊,就能選中。
B、必須連續(xù)三擊,才能選中
C、單擊被選中后,不定期會顯示出一個方框要求操作者進一步輸入信息
D、在當(dāng)前情況下,這項選擇是沒有意義的,選中它不會有任何反應(yīng)
51.Windows操作系統(tǒng)的特點包括________。答案:D A、圖形界面
B、多任務(wù)
C、即插即用
D、以上都對
52.WINDOWS的某些窗口中,在隱藏工具欄的狀態(tài)下,若要完成剪切/復(fù)制/粘貼功能,可以________。答案:C A、通過“查看”菜單中的剪切/復(fù)制/粘貼命令.B、通過“文件”菜單中的剪切/復(fù)制/粘貼命令
C、通過“編輯”菜單中的剪切/復(fù)制/粘貼命令.D、通過“幫助”菜單中的剪切/復(fù)制/粘貼命令.53.Windows系統(tǒng)是________。答案:B A、單用戶單任務(wù)系統(tǒng).B、單用戶多任務(wù)系統(tǒng).C、多用戶多任務(wù)系統(tǒng)
D、多用戶單任務(wù) 共
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系統(tǒng)
54.WINDOWS中“畫圖'文件默認(rèn)的擴展名是________。答案:D A、.CRD
B、TXT
C、WRI
D、BMP
55.WINDOWS中”寫字板“文件默認(rèn)的擴展名是________。答案:B A、TXT
B、RTF
C、WRI
D、BMP
56.Windows中可以設(shè)置,控制計算機硬件配置和修改顯示屬性的應(yīng)用程序是________。答案:D A、Word
B、Excel
C、資源管理器
D、控制面板
57.Word的”文件“菜單底部顯示的文件名所對應(yīng)的文件是________。答案:C A、當(dāng)前被操作的文件
B、當(dāng)前已打開的所有文件
C、最近被操作過的文件
D、擴展名是.doc的所有文件
58.Word的”文件“菜單下部一般列出4個用戶最近用過的文檔名,文檔名的個數(shù)最多可設(shè)置為________答案:C A、6個
B、8個
C、9個
D、12個
59.Word的替換功能所在的菜單是:________。答案:B A、視圖
B、編輯
C、插入
D、格式
60.Word具有的功能是:________。答案:D A、表格處理
B、繪制圖形
C、自動更正
D、以上三項都是
61.Word文檔中,每個段落都有自己的段落標(biāo)記,段落標(biāo)記的位置在 :________。答案:B A、段落的首部
B、段落的結(jié)尾處
C、段落的中間位置
D、段落中,但用戶找不到的位置
62.004km.cn
B、http://foolish.6600.org C、Smtp://foolish.6600.org
D、tep://foolish.6600.org
336.在IE游覽器中,要迅速講網(wǎng)頁保存到收藏夾列表,請按_________。
答案:B A、BackSpace鍵
B、Ctrl+D鍵
C、Alt+鍵
D、F4鍵
337.在Internet Exporer 常規(guī)大小窗口和全屏幕模式之間切換,可按_________。
答案:B A、F5鍵
B、F11鍵
C、Ctrl+D鍵
D、Ctrl+F鍵
338.在Internet 上搜索信息時,下列說法不正確的是_________。
答案:D A、Windows and client表示檢索結(jié)果必須同時滿足Windows和client兩個條件
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B、windowws or client表示檢索結(jié)果只需滿足Windows和client中的一個條件即可
C、Windows not client表示檢索過程中不能含有client D、Windows client表示檢索結(jié)果中含有Windows或client 339.在Internetz中,主機的IP地址與域名的關(guān)系是_________。
答案:C A、Ip地址是域名中部分信息的表示
B、域名是IP地址中部分信息的表示 C、IP地址和域名是等價的D、IP地址和域名分別表達不同含義
340.在Internet上使用的基本通信協(xié)議是_________。
答案:B A、NOVELL
B、TCP/IP C、NetBIOS
D、IPX/SPX 341.在Internet上收發(fā)E-mail的協(xié)議不包括_________。
答案:C A、SMTP
B、POP3
C、ARP
D、IMAP 342.在Internet中,BBS是一種_________。
答案:C A、廣告牌
B、網(wǎng)址
C、在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上可以提供交流服務(wù)的平臺
D、Internet的軟件
343.在Internet中,搜索引擎其實也是一個_________。
答案:A A、網(wǎng)站
B、操作系統(tǒng)
C、域名服務(wù)器
D、硬件設(shè)備
344.在Internet中,下面的_________功能是一般的BBS上不能提供的。
答案:D A、和好友文字聊天
B、給好友發(fā)封E-mail
C、查找好友的帖子
D、和好友音頻聊天
345.在Internet中,協(xié)議_________用于文件傳輸。
答案:C A、HTML
B、SMTP
C、FTP
D、POP
346.在Outlook Express窗口中,新郵件的”抄送“文本框輸入的多個電子信箱的地址之間,應(yīng)用_________作分隔。
答案:A A、分號(;)
B、逗號(,)
C、冒號(:)
D、空格
347.在Outlook Express中,修改E-mail帳號參數(shù)的方法是_________。
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答案:C A、在”Internet帳號“窗口中選擇”添加“按鈕 B、在”Internet帳號“窗口中選擇”刪除“按鈕
C、在”Internet帳號“窗口中選擇”屬性“按鈕
D、以上途徑均可
348.在Outlook Express中設(shè)置惟一電子郵件賬號:kao@sin.com,現(xiàn)成功接收到一封來自shi@sina.com的郵件,則以下說法正確的是_________。
答案:B A、在收件箱中有kao@sina.com郵件 B、在收件箱中有shi@sina.com郵件
C、在本地文件夾中有kao@sina.com郵件
D、在本地文件夾中有shi@sina.com郵件
349.在PowerPoint的數(shù)字表中,數(shù)字默認(rèn)是_________。
答案:B A、左對齊
B、右對齊
C、居中
D、兩端對齊
350.在PowerPoint環(huán)境中,”常用“工具欄中的”新幻燈片“按鈕是用于_________。
答案:B A、為一個新用戶啟動一個快速預(yù)演教程。
B、插入一張新的幻燈片。
C、開始制作一個新的幻燈片。
D、把一類選中的摸板改成一種新摸板。
351.在PowerPoint環(huán)境中,”項目符號“ 按鈕通??梢蕴幵赺________。
答案: B A、”繪圖“ 工具欄
B、”格式“工具欄
C、”辦公“工具欄
D、”常用“ 工具欄
352.在PowerPoint中,按行列顯示,并可以直接在幻燈片上修改其格式和內(nèi)容的對象是_________。
答案:B A、數(shù)據(jù)表
B、表格
C、圖表
D、機構(gòu)圖
353.在PowerPoint中,不能將一個新的幻燈片版式加到_________。
答案:D A、在幻燈片視圖中的一個新的或已有的幻燈片中。
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B、在大綱視圖中的一個新的或已有的幻燈片中。
C、多個幻燈片上。
D、一個幻燈片的一部分。
354.在PowerPoint中,當(dāng)向幻燈片中添加數(shù)據(jù)表時,首先從電子表格復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù),然后用”編輯“菜單中的命令_________。
答案:C A、全選
B、清除
C、粘貼
D、替換
355.在PowerPoint中,當(dāng)向顏色中添加黑色或白色時,修改了_________。
答案:A A、亮度
B、色調(diào)
C、飽和度
D、配置
356.在PowerPoint2000中,當(dāng)要改變一個幻燈片的摸版時_________。
答案:A A、所有幻燈片均采用新摸版。
B、只有當(dāng)前幻燈片采用新摸版。
C、所有的剪貼畫均丟失。
D、除已加入的空幻燈片外,所有的幻燈片均采用新模板。
357.在PowerPoint中,當(dāng)在一張幻燈片中將某文本行降級時_________。
答案:B A、降低了該行重要性。
B、使該行縮進了一個大綱層。
C、使該行縮進了一個幻燈片層。
D、增加了該行的重要性。
358.在PowerPoint中,對幻燈片的重新排序,幻燈片間定時和過渡,加入和刪除幻燈片以及演示文稿整體構(gòu)思都特別有用的視圖是_________。
答案:C A、幻燈片視圖
B、大綱視圖
C、幻燈片瀏覽視圖
D、備注頁視圖。
359.在PowerPoint中,幻燈片集的背景色最好采用_________。
答案:C A、無色
B、深淺交替的顏色
C、統(tǒng)一的顏色
D、不一致的顏色
360.在PowerPoint中,會議可以記錄_________。
答案:A A、生成一張新幻燈片。
B、提醒你向觀眾提出問題。C、組織一個多個講演者的會議。
D、調(diào)配參加人的日程安排。
361.在PowerPoint中,可以改變單個幻燈片的背景的_________。
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答案:B A、顏色和底紋
B、顏色、圖案和紋理
C、圖案和字體
D、灰度、紋理和字體
362.在PowerPoint中,如果文本從其他應(yīng)用程序引入后,由于顏色對比的原因難以閱讀,最好_________。
答案:A A、改變文本的顏色
B、改變背景的顏色
C、減少字體的大小
D、改變幻燈片的模式
363.在PowerPoint中,如果在大綱試圖中輸入文本_________。答案:B A、該文本只能在幻燈片視圖中修改。
B、既可以在幻燈片視圖中修改,也可以在大綱視圖中修改文本。
C、在大綱視圖中用文本框移動文本。
D、不能在大綱視圖中刪除文本。
364.在PowerPoint中,若要改變手寫多邊形對象的形狀,應(yīng)該首先_________。
答案:D A、從菜單中選擇”編輯“
B、選擇該對象
C、從菜單中選擇”格式“
D、單擊該對象
365.在PowerPoint中,色調(diào)指的是_________。
答案:A A、顏色
B、顏色的強度
C、向顏色添加的黑色和白色的多少
D、一種明暗關(guān)系
366.在PowerPoint中,使用”文件“菜單中的”打開“命令的理由之一是_________。答案:A A、有些文件用”打開“按鈕是不能找到。
B、它比使用”打開“按鈕更快。
C、”打開“按鈕并不總在屏幕上。
D、它可以顯示近期使用過的文件。
367.在PowerPoint中,特殊的字體和效果_________。
答案:C A、可以大量使用,用得越多,效果越好。B、與背景的顏色相同。
C、適當(dāng)?shù)挠靡赃_到最佳效果。
D、只有在標(biāo)題片中使用。
368.在PowerPoint中,停止幻燈片播放的按鈕是_________。
答案:D A、Enter
B、Shift
C、Ctrl
D、Esc
369.在PowerPoint中,通過改變主幻燈片中的主要設(shè)計要素,就將模板改變?yōu)樽远x設(shè)計并自動將
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此設(shè)計應(yīng)用于所有的_________。
答案:B A、文本幻燈片
B、幻燈片
C、以后生成的演示文稿
D、當(dāng)前激活的多個演示文稿的標(biāo)題片
370.在PowerPoint中,為建立圖表而輸入數(shù)字的區(qū)域是_________。
答案:D A、邊距
B、數(shù)據(jù)表
C、大綱
D、圖形編譯器
371.在PowerPoint中,一般在_________視圖下復(fù)制幻燈片。
答案:A A、幻燈片瀏覽
B、幻燈片播放
C、預(yù)留框
D、注釋頁
372.在WINDOWS2000中,要設(shè)置屏幕保護程序,可以使用控制面板的_________圖標(biāo)命令。答案:D A、添加/刪除程序
B、系統(tǒng)
C、密碼
D、顯示.373.在Windows操作環(huán)境下,要將整個屏幕畫面全部復(fù)制到剪貼板中應(yīng)該使用_________鍵。答案:A A、Print Screen.B、Page Up
C、Alt+F4
D、Ctrl+Space
374.在Windows窗口的任務(wù)欄中有多個應(yīng)用程序按鈕圖標(biāo)時,其中代表應(yīng)用程序窗口是當(dāng)前窗口的圖標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)為_________狀態(tài)。答案:C A、”高亮“
B、”灰化“
C、壓下
D、起
375.在Windows的各種窗口中,單擊左上角的窗口標(biāo)識可以_________。
答案:A A、打開控制菜單
B、打開資源管理器
C、打開控制面板
D、打開網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器
376.在Windows的中文稿輸入方式下,在幾種中文輸入方式之間切換應(yīng)按_________鍵。答案:B A、Ctrl+Alt
B、Ctrl+Shift
C、Shift+Space
D、.Ctrl+Space
377.在Windows的資源管理器中,要創(chuàng)建文件夾,應(yīng)先打開的菜單是_________。答案:A A、文件
B、編輯
C、查看
D、插入
378.在Windows啟動漢字輸入法扣,在出現(xiàn)的輸入法列表框中選定一種漢字輸入法,屏幕上就會
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出現(xiàn)一個與該輸入法相應(yīng)的_________。
答案:D A、漢字字體列表框.B、漢字字號列表框
C、漢字輸入編碼框
D、漢字輸入法狀態(tài)欄.379.在Windows下,將某應(yīng)用程序中所選的文本或圖形復(fù)制到一個文件,在”編輯“菜單中可選擇的命令是_________。答案:C A、剪切
B、粘貼
C、復(fù)制.D、選擇性粘貼
380.在Windows中,”寫字板“是一種_________。
答案:A A、字處理軟件
B、畫圖工具.C、網(wǎng)頁編輯器
D、造字程序
381.在Windows中,”資源管理器“圖標(biāo)_________。答案:B A、一定出現(xiàn)在桌面上
B、可以設(shè)置到桌面上
C、可以通過單擊將其顯示到桌面上
D、不可能出現(xiàn)在桌面上.382.在Windows中,”寫字板“和”記事本“所編輯的文檔_________。
答案:A A、均可通過剪切、復(fù)制和粘貼與基他Windows應(yīng)用程序交換信息
B、只有寫字板可通過上述操作與其他Windows應(yīng)用程序交換信息
C、只有記事本可能過上述操作與其他Windows應(yīng)用程序交換信息
D、兩者均不能與其他Windows應(yīng)用程序交換信息
383.在Windows中,Alt+Tab鍵的作用是_________。
答案:C A、關(guān)閉應(yīng)用程序
B、撕開應(yīng)用程序的控制菜單
C、應(yīng)用程序之間相互切換
D、打開”開始“菜單.384.在Windows中,不能實現(xiàn)改變系統(tǒng)中的日期和時間的操作是_________。
答案:C A、在任務(wù)欄右下角時鐘位置上,單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵,在彈出的快捷菜單中選擇”設(shè)置日期/時間“選項.。
B、依次單擊”開始“---”設(shè)置“----”控制面板“,再選擇”日期/時間“選項.C、在桌面窗口空白處單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵,在彈出的快捷菜單中選擇”日期/時間“選項
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D、從”資源管理器“窗口,選定”控制面板“,再從”控制面板“窗口,選擇”日期/時間“選項.385.在Windows中,不屬于控制面板操作的是_________。
答案:C A、更改畫面顯示和字體
B、添加新硬件.C、造字
D、調(diào)整鼠標(biāo)的使用設(shè)置.386.在Windows中,打開一個菜單后,其中某菜單項會出現(xiàn)下屬級聯(lián)菜單的標(biāo)識是_________。
答案:B A、.菜單項右側(cè)有一組英文提示
B、菜單項右側(cè)有一個黑色三角形
C、菜單項左側(cè)有一個黑色圓點
D、菜單項左側(cè)有一個”V“符號
387.在Windows中,打開一個窗口后,通常在其頂部是一個_________。答案:A A、標(biāo)題欄
B、任務(wù)欄
C、狀態(tài)欄
D、工具欄
388.在Windows中,單擊”開始“按鈕,就可以打開_________。
答案:B A、一個快捷菜單
B、開始菜單
C、一個下拉菜單
D、一個對話框.389.在Windows中,當(dāng)任務(wù)欄在桌面屏幕的底部時,其右端的”指示器“顯示的是_________。
答案:D A、”開始“按鈕
B、用于多個應(yīng)用程序之間切換的圖標(biāo).C、快速啟動工具欄
D、輸入法,時鐘等
390.在Windows中,對已經(jīng)格式化過的軟盤_________。答案:D A、能做普通格式化,不能做快速格式化.B、不能做普通格式化,能做快速格式化
C、既不能做普通格式化,也不能做快速格式化
D、既能做普通格式化,也能做快速格式化.391.在Windows中,對桌面背景的設(shè)置可以通過_________。
答案:C A、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊”我的電腦“,選擇”屬性“菜單項
B、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊”開始“菜單
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C、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊桌面空白區(qū),選擇”屬性“菜單項
D、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊任務(wù)欄空白區(qū),選擇”屬性“菜單項.392.在Windows中,對桌面上的圖標(biāo)_________。
答案:A A、可以用鼠標(biāo)的拖動及打開一個快捷菜單對它們的位置加調(diào)整.B、只能用鼠標(biāo)對它們拖動來調(diào)整位置
C、只能通過某個菜單來調(diào)整位置.D、只需用鼠標(biāo)在桌面上從屏幕左上角向右下角拖動一次,它們就會重新排列.393.在Windows中,關(guān)于文件夾的描述不正確的是_________。
答案:D A、文件夾是用來組織和管理文件的B、我的電腦是一個文件夾
C、文件夾中可以存放設(shè)備文件
D、文件夾中不可以存入設(shè)備文件
394.在Windows中,剪貼板是用來在程序和文件間傳遞信息的臨時存儲區(qū),此存儲區(qū)是_________。答案:C A、回收站的一部分
B、硬盤的一部分
C、內(nèi)在的一部分
D、軟盤的一部分
395.在Windows中,可以查看系統(tǒng)性能狀態(tài)和硬件設(shè)置的方法是_________。
答案:C A、.在桌面上打開”資源管理器“.B、在桌面雙擊”我的電腦“ C、在”控制面板“中雙擊”系統(tǒng)“圖
D、在”控制面板“中雙擊”添加新硬件“圖標(biāo).396.在Windows中,某個窗口的標(biāo)題欄的右端的三個圖標(biāo)可以用來_________。
答案:D A、使窗口最小化,最大化和改變顯示方式.B、改變窗口的顏色,大小和背景
C、改變窗口的大小,形狀和顏色
D、使窗口最小化,最大化和關(guān)閉.397.在WINDOWS中,排列桌面項目圖標(biāo)的第一步操作是_________。
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答案:B A、按鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊任務(wù)欄空白區(qū)
B、按鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊桌面空白區(qū)
C、按鼠標(biāo)左鍵單擊桌面空白區(qū).D、按鼠標(biāo)左鍵單擊任務(wù)欄空白區(qū)
398.在Windows中,如果想同時改變窗口的高度和寬度,可以通過拖放_________實現(xiàn)。答案:A A、窗口角
B、窗口邊框
C、.滾動條
D、菜單欄
399.在Windows中,設(shè)置任務(wù)欄屬性的正確方法是_________。
答案:D A、單擊”我的電腦“,選擇”屬性,B、右擊“開始”按鈕
C、單擊桌面空白區(qū),選擇“屬性”
D、右擊任務(wù)欄空白區(qū),選擇“屬性” 400.在Windows中,雙擊驅(qū)動器圖標(biāo)的作用是_________。
答案:A A、查看硬盤所存的文件
B、備份文件
C、格式化磁盤
D、檢查磁盤驅(qū)動器
一、單選題
401.在Windows中,同時顯示多個應(yīng)用程序窗口的正確方法是_________。答案:A A、在任務(wù)欄空白區(qū)單擊鼠標(biāo)右鍵,在彈出快捷菜單中選'橫向平鋪“命令.B、在任務(wù)欄空白區(qū)單擊鼠標(biāo)左鍵,在彈出快捷菜單中選”排列圖標(biāo)“命令.C、按Ctrl+Tab進行排列.D、在資源管理器中進行排列.402.在Windows中,要把圖標(biāo)設(shè)置或縮略圖方式,應(yīng)在下面哪組菜單中設(shè)置_________。
答案:C A、文件
B、編輯
C、查看
D、工具.403.在Windows中,用戶建立的文件默認(rèn)具有的屬性是_________。答案:D A、隱藏
B、只讀.C、系統(tǒng)
D、存檔
404.在Windows中,在”記事本“中,保存的文件,系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的文件擴大展名是_________。
答案:A
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A、TXT
B、DOC
C、WPS
D、DOS
405.在Windows中快速獲得硬件的有關(guān)信息可通過_________。
答案:C A、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊桌面空白區(qū).選擇”屬性“菜單項.B、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊”開始“菜單.C、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊”我的電腦“,選擇”屬性“菜單項.D、鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊任務(wù)欄空白區(qū),選擇”屬性“菜單項
406.在Windows中下面的敘述正確的是_________。
答案:C A、”寫字板“是字處理軟件,不能進行圖文處理.B、畫圖是繪圖工具,不能輸入文字
C、寫字板和”畫圖“均可以進行文字和圖形處理.D、以上說法都不對.407.在Windows中要使用”計算器“進行高級科學(xué)計算和統(tǒng)計時,應(yīng)選擇_________。
答案:D A、”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型“
B、統(tǒng)計型'
C、高級型
D、科學(xué)型
408.在Windows狀態(tài)下啟動”控制面板“可用_________操作。
答案:D A、用鼠標(biāo)單擊桌面上的”開始“按鈕,在出現(xiàn)的菜單中單擊”設(shè)置“先項,再單擊級聯(lián)菜單中的”控制面板
B、雙擊桌面上“我的電腦”圖標(biāo),在出現(xiàn)窗口中,再雙擊“控制面板”圖標(biāo)
C、用鼠標(biāo)右鍵單擊桌面上的“開始”按鈕,在出現(xiàn)的快捷菜單中單擊“資源管理器”,找開資源管理器窗口后,在其左窗口中,先擇“控制面板”選項,再單擊
D、以上三種操作均可
409.在Windows桌面底部的任務(wù)欄中,可能出現(xiàn)的圖標(biāo)有_________。
答案:A A、“開始”按鈕,“快速啟動工具欄”,應(yīng)用程序圖標(biāo)及“指示器” B、資源管理器按鈕,“快速啟動工具欄”,應(yīng)用程序圖標(biāo)及“指示器”.C、開始按鈕,“資源管理器”快捷菜單,應(yīng)用程序圖標(biāo)及“指示器” D、開始按鈕,“快速啟動工具欄”,“指示器”及“屏幕設(shè)置”快捷菜單.43 共
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410.在Windows資源管理器中,格式化磁盤的操作可使用_________。
答案:B A、左擊磁盤目標(biāo),選“格式化”命令.B、右擊磁盤目標(biāo),選“格式化”命令.C、選擇“文件”“菜單下的”格式化“命令
D、選擇”工具“菜單下的”格式化“命令
411.在Windows資源管理器中,選定文件后,打開”文件屬性“對話框的操作是_________。
答案:A A、單擊”文件“---”屬性“菜單項.B、單擊”編輯“---”屬性“菜單項
C、單擊”查看“---”屬性“菜單項
D、單擊”工具“---”屬性“菜單項.412.在Windows資源管理器中選定了文件或文件夾后,若要將它們移動到不同驅(qū)動器的文件夾中,操作為_________。答案:B A、按下Ctrl鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
B、按下Shift鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
C、直接拖動鼠標(biāo)
D、按下Alt鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
413.在Windows資源管理器中選定了文件或文件夾后,若要將它們移動到同一驅(qū)動器的文件夾中,操作為_________。
答案:A A、按下Ctrl鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
B、按下Shift鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
C、直接拖動鼠標(biāo)
D、按下Alt鍵拖動鼠標(biāo)
414.在Word編輯狀態(tài),當(dāng)前編輯的文檔是C盤中的d1.doc文檔,要將該文檔復(fù)制到軟盤,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用_________。
答案:A A、”文件“菜單中的”另存為“命令
B、”文件“菜單中的”保存“命令
C、”文件“菜單中的”新建“命令
D、”插入“菜單中的、命令
415.在Word編輯狀態(tài),當(dāng)前正編輯一個新建文檔”文檔1“,當(dāng)執(zhí)行”文件“菜單中的”保存“命令后_________。
答案:B A、”文檔1“被存盤
B、彈出”另存為“對話框,供進一步操作
C、自動以”文檔1“為名存盤
D、不能以”文檔1“存盤
416.在Word編輯狀態(tài),為文檔設(shè)置頁碼,可以作用 菜單中的命令:_________。
答案:D
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A、工具
B、編輯
C、格式
D、插入
417.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,不可以進行的操作是_________。
答案:A A、對選定的段落進行頁眉、頁腳設(shè)置
B、在選定的段落內(nèi)進行查找、替換
C、對選定的段落進行拼寫和語法檢查
D、對選定的段落進行字?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計
418.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,對于選定的文字_________。
答案:C A、可以移動,不可以復(fù)制
B、可以復(fù)制,不可以移動
C、可以進行移動或復(fù)制
D、可以同時進行移動和復(fù)制
419.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,對于選定的文字不能進行的設(shè)置是_________。
答案:D A、加下劃線
B、加著重號
C、動態(tài)效果
D、自動版式
420.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,繪制一文本框,應(yīng)使用的下拉菜單是_________。答案:A A、插入
B、表格
C、編輯
D、工具
421.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,進行改變段落的縮進方式、調(diào)整左右邊界等操作,最直觀、快速的方法是利用:_________。
答案:D A、菜單欄
B、工具欄
C、格式欄
D、標(biāo)尺
422.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,若光標(biāo)位于表格之外右側(cè)的行尾處,按Enter(回車)鍵,結(jié)果為_________。
答案:C A、光標(biāo)移到下一列
B、光標(biāo)移到下一行,表格行數(shù)不變
C、插入一行,表格行數(shù)改變
D、在本單元格內(nèi)換行,表格行數(shù)不變
423.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,若要進行選定文本行間距的設(shè)置,應(yīng)選擇的操作是單擊 菜單項:_________。
答案:B A、”編輯“→”格式“
B、”格式“→”段落“ C、”編輯“→”段“
D、”格式“→”字體“
424.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,若要進行字體效果的設(shè)置(如上標(biāo)、下標(biāo)等),首先應(yīng)打開 下拉菜單:_________。
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答案:C A、編輯
B、視圖
C、格式
D、工具
425.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,若要在當(dāng)前窗口中打開(或關(guān)閉)”繪圖“工具欄,則可選擇的操作是單擊_________菜單項。
答案:D A、”工具“→”繪圖“
B、”視圖“→”繪圖“
C、”編輯“→”工具欄“→”繪圖“
D、”視圖“→”工具欄“→”繪圖“
426.在Word編輯狀態(tài)下,要將另一文檔的內(nèi)容全部添加在當(dāng)前文檔的當(dāng)前光標(biāo)處,應(yīng)選擇的操作是單擊_________菜單項。
答案:C A、”文件“→”打開“
B、”文件“→”新建“ C、”插入“→”文件“
D、”插入“→”超級鏈接“
427.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),按先后順序依次打開了d1.doc、d2.doc、d3.doc、d4.doc4個文檔,當(dāng)前的活動窗口是以下哪個文檔的窗口:_________。
答案:D A、d1.doc
B、d2.doc
C、d3.doc
D、d4.doc
428.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),被編輯文檔中的文字有”四號“、”五號“、”16“磅、”18“磅4種,下列關(guān)于所設(shè)定字號大小的比較中,正確是_________。
答案:A A、”四號“大于”五號“
B、”四號“小于”五號“ C、”16“磅大于”18“磅
D、字的大小一樣,字體不同
429.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),打開了w1.doc文檔,若要將經(jīng)過編輯后文檔以”w2.doc“為名存盤,應(yīng)當(dāng)執(zhí)行”文件“菜單中的命令是_________。
答案:C A、保存
B、另存為HTML
C、另存為
D、版本
430.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),打開了一個文檔,進行”保存“操作后,該文檔_________。
答案:A A、被保存在原文件夾下
B、可以保存在已有的其他文件夾下
C、可以保存在新建文件夾下
D、保存后文檔被關(guān)閉
431.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),打開文檔”ABC“,修改后另存為”ABD“,則文檔ABC_________。
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答案:D A、被文檔ABD覆蓋
B、被修改未關(guān)閉
C、被修改并關(guān)閉
D、未修改被關(guān)閉
432.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),對當(dāng)前文檔中的文字進行”字?jǐn)?shù)統(tǒng)計“操作,應(yīng)當(dāng)使用的菜單是_________。
答案:D A、”編輯“菜單
B、”文件“菜單
C、”視圖“菜單
D、”工具“菜單
433.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),進行字體設(shè)置操作后,按新設(shè)置的字體顯示的文字是_________。
答案:B A、插入點所在的段落中的文字
B、文檔中被選擇的文字
C、插入點所在行中的文字
D、文檔的全部文字
434.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),可以使插入點快速移到文檔首部的組合鍵是_________。
答案:A A、Ctrl+Home
B、Alt+Home
C、Home
D、PageUp
435.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),可以顯示頁面四角的視圖方式是_________。
答案:B A、普通視圖方式
B、頁面視圖方式
C、大綱視圖方式
D、各種視圖方式
436.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),利用_________菜單中的命令可以選定單元格。
答案:A A、表格
B、工具
C、格式
D、插入
437.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),能設(shè)定文檔行間距命令的菜單是_________。
答案:C A、”文件“菜單
B、”窗口“菜單
C、”格式“菜單
D、”工具“菜單
438.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),設(shè)置了一個由多個行和列組成的空表格,將插入點定在某個單元格內(nèi),單擊”表格“命令菜單中的”選定行“命令,再單擊”表格“命令菜單中的”選定列“命令,則表格中被選擇的部分是_________。
答案:D A、插入點所在的行
B、插入點所在的列
C、一個單元格
D、整個表格
439.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),文檔窗口顯示出水平標(biāo)尺,拖到水平標(biāo)尺上沿的”首行縮進“滑塊,則_________。
答案:B
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A、文檔中各段落的首行起始位置都重新確定
B、文檔中被選擇的各段落首行起始位置都重新確定
C、文檔中各行的起始位置都重新確定
D、插入點所在行的起始位置被重新確定
440.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),選擇了文檔全文,若在”段落“對話框中設(shè)置行距為20磅的格式,應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇”行距“列表框中的_________。答案:C A、單倍行距
B、1.5倍行距
C、固定值
D、多倍行距
441.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),要在文檔中添加符號☆,應(yīng)使用以下菜單中命令是_________。
答案:D A、文件
B、編輯
C、格式
D、插入
442.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),執(zhí)行”編輯“菜單中的”復(fù)制“命令后_________。
答案:B A、插入點所在的段落內(nèi)容被復(fù)制到剪貼板
B、被選擇的內(nèi)容被復(fù)制到剪貼板
C、光標(biāo)所在的段落內(nèi)容被復(fù)制到剪貼板
D、被選擇的內(nèi)容被復(fù)制到插入點處
443.在Word的編輯狀態(tài),執(zhí)行編輯命令”粘貼“后,_________。
答案:D A、將文檔中被選擇的內(nèi)容復(fù)制到當(dāng)前插入點處
B、將文檔中被選擇的內(nèi)容移到剪貼板
C、將剪貼板中的內(nèi)容移到當(dāng)前插入點處
D、將剪貼板中的內(nèi)容復(fù)制到當(dāng)前插入點處
444.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)打開了一個文檔,對文檔作了修改,進行關(guān)閉文檔操作后_________。
答案:D A、文檔被關(guān)閉,并自動保存修改后的內(nèi)容
B、文檔不能關(guān)閉,并提示出錯
C、文檔被關(guān)閉,修改后的內(nèi)容不能保存
D、彈出對話框,并詢問是否保存對文檔的修改
445.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)設(shè)置了標(biāo)尺,可以同時顯示水平標(biāo)尺和垂直標(biāo)尺的視圖方式是_________。
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答案:B A、普通方式
B、頁面方式
C、大綱方式
D、全屏顯示方式
446.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,編輯文檔中的”A2“,應(yīng)使用”格式“菜單中的_________命令。
答案:A A、字體
B、段落
C、文字方向
D、組合字符
447.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,對已經(jīng)輸入的文檔進行分欄操作,需要使用_________菜單。
答案:C A、編輯
B、視圖
C、格式
D、工具
448.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,對已經(jīng)輸入的文檔設(shè)置首字下沉,需要使用菜單是_________。
答案:C A、編輯
B、視圖
C、格式
D、工具
449.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,如果要輸入希臘字母Ω,則需要使用_________菜單。
答案:B A、編輯
B、插入
C、格式
D、工具
450.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,使插入點快速移動到文檔尾的操作是_________。
答案:C A、PageUp
B、Alt+End
C、Ctrl+End
D、PageDown
451.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,選定文檔某行內(nèi)容后,使用鼠標(biāo)拖動方法將其移動時,配合的鍵盤操作是_________。
答案:D A、按住Esc鍵
B、按住Ctrl鍵
C、按住Alt鍵
D、不做操作
452.在Word的編輯狀態(tài)中,粘貼操作的組合鍵是_________。
答案:C A、Ctrl+A
B、Ctrl+C
C、Ctrl+V
D、Ctrl+X
453.在Word的默認(rèn)狀態(tài)下,不用找開文件對話框就能直接打開最近使用過的文檔的方法是_________。
答案:D A、工具欄上”打開“按鈕
B、選擇”文件“菜單中”打開“命令
C、快捷鍵Ctrl+O
D、選擇”文件“菜單底部文件列表中的文件
454.在Word的文檔中插入數(shù)學(xué)公式,在”插入“菜單中應(yīng)選的命令是_________。
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答案:D A、符號
B、圖片
C、文件
D、對象
455.在Word中,的作用是決定在屏幕上顯示哪些文本內(nèi)容。
答案:A A、滾動條
B、控制按鈕
C、標(biāo)尺
D、最大化按鈕
456.在Word中,當(dāng)多少文檔打開時,關(guān)于保存這些文檔的說法中正確的是_________。
答案:A A、用”文件“菜單的”保存“命令,只能保存活動文檔
B、用”文件“菜單的”保存“命令,可以重命保存所有文檔
C、用”文件“菜單的”保存“命令,可一次性保存所有打開的文檔
D、用”文件“菜單的”全部保存“命令保存所有打開的文檔
457.在Word中,關(guān)于表格自動套用格式的用法,以下說法正確的是_________。
答案:B A、只能直接用自動有用套用格式生成表格
B、可在生成新表時使用套用格式或插入表格的基礎(chǔ)上使用自動套用格式
C、每種自動套用的格式已經(jīng)固定,不能對其進行任何自動套用格式
D、在套用一種格式后,不能再更格為其他格式
458.在Word中,如果插入表格的內(nèi)外框線是虛線,要想將框線變成實線,用_________命令實現(xiàn)。(假如光標(biāo)在表格中)。
答案:B A、菜單”表格“的”虛線“
B、菜單”格式“的”邊框和底紋“ C、菜單”表格“的”選中表格“
D、菜單”格式“的”制表位“
459.在Word中,如果要使文檔內(nèi)容橫向打印,在”頁面設(shè)置"中應(yīng)選擇的標(biāo)簽是_________。
答案:A A、紙型
B、紙張來源
C、版面
D、頁邊距
460.在Word中,若要計算表格中某行數(shù)值的總和,可以使用的統(tǒng)計函數(shù)是_________。
答案:A A、Sun()
B、Total()
C、Count()
D、Average()461.在Word中,下述關(guān)于分欄操作的說法,正確的是_________。
答案:A
第四篇:2011.12月電大網(wǎng)考英語試題
資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
Test 1 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.—How are you, Bob? —____________ Ted.A.How are you?
B.I’m fine.Thank you.C.How do you do?
D.Nice to meet you.2.—Thanks for your help.—____________ A.My pleasure.B.Never mind.C.Quite right.D.Don’t thank me.3.—Hello, I’m Harry Potter.—Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ____________.A.call my Charles
B.call me at Charles C.call me Charles
D.call Charles me 4.—Paul, ____________? —Oh, that’s my father!And beside him, my mother.A.what is the person over there
B.who’s talking over there C.what are they doing
D.which is that 5.—Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you? —____________, and how are you? A.Don’t mention it
B.Hm, not too bad C.Thanks
D.Pretty fast 6.—That’s a beautiful dress you have on!—____________ A.Oh, thanks.I got it yesterday.B.Sorry, it’s too cheap.C.You can have it
D.See you later.7.—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? —____________ A.Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower.B.Fine, I never go to birthday parties.C.Ha?ha, I don’t like birthday parties.D.Sorry, but my wife had a car accident 8.—Hi, welcome back!Had a nice trip? —____________ A.Oh, fantastic!Fresh air, and sunshine every day.B.Come on, I’ve got lots of fun.C.By the way, I don’t like Saturdays.D.Well, I’ll look forward to your phone call.9.—Haven’t seen you for ages!What are you busy doing now? —____________ A.I hate the weather here.B.My hair is getting a bit longer.C.Yeah, thanks for coming.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
D.I am working part time in a bookshop, you know.10.—Marilyn, I’m afraid I have to be leaving now.—____________ A.That sounds wonderful.B.Oh, so early? C.Not at all.D.Good luck!1-5 BACBB 6-10 ADADB
第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage 1 The French Revolution broke out in 1789.At the time France was in a crisis.The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable.King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes.But his effort failed.He ordered his troops to Versailles.The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force.On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept.Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day.Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia.However, he was caught and put in prison.In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished.In the same year, Louis was executed.A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off.The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe.Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France.The French raised republican armies to defend the nation.The Revolution went through a period of terror.Thousands of people lost their lives.In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte.(190 words)11.What’s this passage about? A.France.B.King Louis.C.The French Revolution.D.Europe.12.Which did not happen in 1789? A.The French Revolution broke out.B.The national economy was developing rapidly.C.The government wasn’t well run.D.King Louis XIV was in power.13.Where were the political prisoners kept? A.In Versailles.B.In Austria.C.In Prussia.D.In Bastille.14.What does the underlined word “abolished” mean? A.Put off.B.Established.C.United.D.Ended.15.What was NOT the effect of the Revolution? A.July 14 has become the French National Day.B.It brought some impact on the other European Kings.C.Louis’s wife, Marie was killed.D.The king tried to control the national parliament.11-15 CBDDD
Passage 2 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning.If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention.The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death.The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part.In the U.S.A.guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.But it is not true in all countries.In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently.Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example.If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible.In the U.S.no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite.A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.(260 words)16.What is the main idea of this passage? __________ A.It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S.B.The role of time in social life over the world.C.If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S.D.Not every country treats the concept of time as the same.17.What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? __________ A.A matter of work.B.A matter of life or death.C.You want to see him or her.D.You want to make an appointment with him or her.18.Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? __________ A.at 7: 00 am.B.at 4:00 pm.C.at the midnight.D.at 4:00 am.19.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? __________ A.In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.B.There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time.C.It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A..D.Promptness is valued highly in American life.20.From the passage we can safely infer that __________.A.it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time B.the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
C.it makes no difference in the U.S.whether you are early or late for a business party D.if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation 16-20 BBBDB
Passage 3 A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S.is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure.City people appear always to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands(任務(wù)).Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country.Working time is considered precious.Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed.Each person hurries to make room for the next person.If you don’t, waiters will hurry you.You also find drivers will be abrupt and that people will push past you.You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers.Don’t take it personally.This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain courtesy point.The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience.In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority.Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some returnbe this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest.Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life.Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, they will miss the ritual socializing that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee they may be traditional in their own country.They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffeehouse.Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks.We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies.Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.(348 words)21.Which of the following statements is wrong? __________ A.Americans seem to be always under pressure.B.Americans attach less importance to patience.C.Americans don’t care much about ritual socializing.D.Americans are impolite to their business colleagues.22.In the fourth paragraph, “a high priority” means __________.A.a less important thing
B.a first concern C.a good business
D.an attractive gift 23.Americans evaluate a business colleague __________.A.through social courtesy
B.through prolonged business talks C.by establishing business relations D.by learning about their past performance 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
24.This passage mainly talks about __________.A.how Americans treasure their time
B.how busy Americans are every day C.how Americans do business with foreigners D.what American way of life is like 25.We can infer from the passage that the author’s tone in writing is ___________.A.critical
B.ironical C.appreciative D.objective 21-25 DBDAC 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
26.Professor Smith promised to look ______ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.A.after
B.over
C.on
D.into 27.Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses ______.A.in between B.far apart C.among them D.from each other 28.As the bus came round the corner, it ran ______ a big tree by the roadside.A.into
B.on
C.over
D.up 29.On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several ______ a day.A.customers
B.supporters
C.guests D.clients 30.What is the train _____ to Birmingham? A.fee
B.tip
C.fare
D.cost 31.The students were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brian’s ______.A.money
B.pay
C.expense
D.loss 32.Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a ______ and disorder!A.mass
B.mess
C.guess
D.bus 33.If she wants to stay thin, she must make a ______ in her diet.A.change
B.turn
C.run
D.go 34.______ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony.A.Before
B.At
C.In
D.Between 35.You shouldn’t ______ your time like that, Bob;you have to finish your school work tonight.A.cut
B.do
C.kill
D.kick 36.When Lily came home at 5 p.m.yesterday, her mother ______ dinner in the kitchen.A.cooked
B.was cooking C.cooks
D.has cooked 37.Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato? A.who
B.which
C.whose
D.whom 38.Both the kids and their parents ______ English, I think.I know it from their accent.A.is
B.been
C.are
D.was 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
39.Never before ______ see such a terrible car accident on the road!A.I have
B.have I
C.I did
D.did I 40.John’s father ______ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University.A.taught
B.teaches
C.has taught D.is teaching 41.Every year thousands of lives ______ in road accidents because of careless driving.A.lose
B.lost
C.have lost
D.are lost 42.The young lady coming over to us ______ our English teacher;the way she walks tells us that!A.must be
B.can be
C.would be D.could be 43.Had you come five minutes earlier, you ______ the train to Birmingham.But now you missed it.A.would catch B.would have caught C.could catch D.should catch 44.Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ______ of fat.A.a large number
B.the large number C.a large amount
D.the large amount 45.No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.A.it was snowing hard
B.hard it was snowing C.how it was snowing hard
D.how hard it was snowing 26-30 BAADC 31-35 CBAAC 36-40 BCCDC 41-45 DABCD 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
There were once three sons of a wealthy businessman.46 they met, the two eldest, who were twins, 47 to quarrel about which of them should be his father’s heir(繼承人).The youngest, who was not 48 ambitious(野心勃勃的), took no part in their argument.As soon as they left home, the father arranged for an adequate income to be provided for 49 of them, but insisted that apart from this they were to be financially self-supporting.The 50 twin, who had the advantage of good looks and a striking personality, decided that he would take up the stage 51 a career.He 52 a small repertory company, acted in minor parts, was always unpunctual(不準(zhǔn)時)at rehearsals and was accordingly 53 with his fellow-actors.He earned little and so had to live mainly on his allowance.He occasionally thought of 54 his profession, but always put off 55 a decision, and he became increasingly bored and disillusioned.46.A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however 47.A.are used B.used
C.using
D.are using 48.A.at least B.at most
C.in the least D.in the most 49.A.every
B.all
C.each
D.none 50.A.first
B.older
C.younger
D.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
elder 51.A.is
B.as
C.be
D./ 52.A.joined
B.attended C.went
D.joined in 53.A.popular
B.unpopular C.welcome
D.unwelcome 54.A.living
B.turning
C.ending
D.changing 55.A.making
B.make
C.decide
D.deciding 46-50 BBCCD 51-55 BABDA 第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
請在20分鐘內(nèi)把下列5句英文翻譯成中文,把答案寫在答題紙上。
56.Wang Li’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University.57.Please give this book to whoever comes first.58.Though it was late, they kept on working.59.Bill hit his car into a wall last night.60.Would you please help me with this heavy box? 56.王麗的父親從北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就一直在這里教英語。57.請把這本書給最先來的人。
58.盡管已經(jīng)很晚了,他們還在繼續(xù)工作。59.昨晚比爾開車時車撞到了墻上。60.你能幫我拾一下這個很沉的箱子嗎? 第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
要求在30分鐘內(nèi),根據(jù)下面所給的題目和中文提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。
Sports 1.你喜歡什么運動。
2.你如何喜歡上這種運動。
3.運動對你有什么益處(工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活)。
Sports Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball.It’s part of my life.I began to play basketball in my childhood.I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school.Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport-playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger.I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life.When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed.If there were worries and cares from daily life.I went to the sports ground.There everything went away except basketball.It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood.Test 2 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.—Who’s that speaking? —This is Tom ____________ A.speaks
B.spoken
C.speaking
D.saying 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
2.—I’m sorry.I lost the key.—____________ A.Well, it’s OK.B.No, it’s all right.C.You are welcome.D.You are wrong.3.—It’s rather cold in here.Do you mind if I close the window? —____________ A.Yes, please.B.No, go ahead.C.Sure, please.D.I don’t like it.4.—____________ —He teaches physics in a school.A.What does your father want to do? B.Who is your father? C.What is your father?
D.Where is your father now? 5.—Excuse me, how much is the jacket? —It’s 499 Yuan.____________.A.Oh, no.That’s OK!
B.How do you like it? C.Which do you prefer?
D.Would you like to try it on? 6.—____________ —Well, they got there last Wednesday.So about a week.A.When did your parents arrive at Paris? B.How long have your parents been in Paris? C.Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday? D.When will your parents go to Paris? 7.—How often do you go dancing? —____________ A.I will go dancing tomorrow.B.Yesterday.C.Every other day.D.I’ve been dancing for a year.8.—You know, I have three kids now.—____________ A.Well, I’ve grown a mustache.B.That’s terrific!C.Say, you’ve really changed your hair.D.Well, I gave up drinking.9.—How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight? —____________ A.Forget it.B.Sorry, I like Mexican food.C.That’s great!
D.Glad you like it.10.—Madam, do all the buses go downtown? —____________ A.Wow, you got the idea.B.No, never mind.C.Pretty well, I guess.D.Sorry, I’m new here.1-5 CABCD
6-10 BCBCD 第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage 1 Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo.She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States.She spoke English very well.Though she was very happy she could go abroad, she was feeling 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
sad at leaving her family and fiends.As she was thinking all about this, she suddenly heard the airline employee asking her to pick up her luggage and put it on the scales(稱).Maria pulled and pulled.The bag was too heavy and she just couldn’t lift it up.The man behind her got very impatient.He, too, was waiting to check in his luggage.“What’s wrong with this girl?” He said, “Why doesn’t she hurry up?” He moved forward and placed his bag on the counter, hoping to check in fist.He was in a hurry to get a good seat.Maria was very angry, but she was very polite.And in her best English she said, “Why are you so upset? There are enough seats for everyone on the plane.If you are in such a hurry, why can’t you give me a hand with my luggage?”
The man was surprised to hear Maria speak English.He quickly picked up her luggage and stepped back.Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.(224 words)
11.Maria’s story happened ________.A.when she was leaving America B.on her way back to Santo Domingo C.before she left the USA
D.when she arrived at the airport 12.You believer that the work of the airline employee mentioned in the story is to _______ at the airport.A.help carry people’s luggage B.ask people to pick up the luggage C.check people’s luggage
D.take care of people’s luggage 13.“Why are you so upset?” Maria said to the man.She wanted to tell him that he should not be _______.A.surprised
B.sad
C.unhappy
D.sorry 14.“Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.” This sentence means that the people around felt _______.A.worried about Maria
B.worried about the man C.sorry for Maria’s manners
D.sorry for the man’s manners 15.The author mentioned Maria’s age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _________.A.she was young but behaved properly
B.she would not have left home alone C.everyone around her was wrong
D.it was not good that nobody offered to help her 11-15 DCCDA
Passage 2 There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
those that have been completed.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed.As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future.They might cover five years or more.Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.(221 words)16.Our long-term goals mean a lot ____________.A.If we cannot reach solid short-term goals
B.If we complete the short-term goals C.If we have dreams of the future
D.If we put forward some plans 17.New short-term goals are built upon ____________.A.a daily basis
B.your achievement in a week C.current activities
D.the goals that have been completed 18.When we complete each step of our goals, ____________.A.we will win final success
B.we are overwhelmed C.we should build up confidence of success
D.we should have strong desire for setting new goals 19.What is the main idea of this passage? ____________ A Life is a dynamic thing.B.we should set up long-term goals C.Different kinds of goals in life.D.The limitation of long-term goals.20.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? ____________ A.The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals B.The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.C.Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.D.We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.16-20 BDCCC
Passage 3 Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes.But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart.thLast Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100 anniversary(周年紀(jì)念)of the signing of a friendship agreement called the Entente Cordiality.The agreement marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership.But their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century.Just last 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
year, there were fierce disagreements over the Iraq war-which British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported despite French President Jacques Chirac speaking out against it.This discomfort is expressed in Blair and Chirac’s body language at international meetings.While the French leader often greets German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder with a hug(擁抱), Blair just receives a handshake.However, some political experts say the war in Iraq could in fact have helped ties.The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world.But this doesn’t stop 12 million Britons taking holidays in France each year.However, only 3 million French come in the opposite direction.Surveys(調(diào)查)show that most French people feel closer to the Germans than they do to the British.And the research carried out in Britain has found that only a third of the population believes the French can be trusted.Perhaps this bad feeling comes because the British dislike France’s close relationship with Germany, or because the French are not happy with Britain’s close links with the US.Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of “doubtful friendship”, they are at least able to make jokes about each other.Here’s one: What’s the best thing about Britain’s relationship with France? The English Channel.(320 words)
21.For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is ____________.A.friendly B.impolite C.brotherly D.a mixture of love and hate 22.The war in Iraq does ____________ to the relationship between France and Britain.A.good
B.harm
C.neither good nor harm
D.both good and harm 23.The British are not so friendly to ____________ and the French are not so friendly to ____________.A.Germany;America
B.America;Germany C.Germany;Germany
D.America;America 24.____________ are more interested in having holidays in ____________.A.American people?Britain
B.British people ? Germany C.French people ? Britain
D.British people ? France 25.What does the last sentence mean? A.As long as the English Channel exists, no further disagreement will form between France and Britain.B.The English Channel can prevent anything unfriendly happening in both France and Britain.C.France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them.D.The English Channel is the largest enemy between France and Britain.21-25 DDADC 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
26.I don’t know the park, but it’s ______ to be quite beautiful.A.said
B.told
C.spoken
D.talked 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
27.Mike is better than Peter ______ swimming.A.for
B.at
C.on
D.in 28.The baby is hungry, but there’s ______ milk in the bottle.A.little
B.a little
C.few
D.a few 29.Nancy is ______ girl.A.a eighteen-year-old
B.an eighteen-years-old C.a eighteen-years-old
D.an eighteen-year-old 30.Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ______ his mind.A.on
B.in
C.with
D.at 31.Do you know the man ______ under the apple tree? A.lay
B.lain
C.lying
D.laying 32.—Is the library ______ now? —No, it’s ______.A.open;close
B.opening;losing
C.open;closed D.opened;closed 33.—When shall we meet again? —______ it any day you like.It’s all the same to me.A.Do
B.Get
C.Meet
D.Make 34.______ girl dressed ______ black is her sister Rose.A.A;in
B.A;on
C.The;on
D.The;in 35.Although he did not know London well, he made his way ______ to the airport.A.easy enough B.enough C.easily enough D.enough easily 36.Two thousand dollars ______ enough for the car.A.being
B.were
C.are
D.is 37.They have learned about ______ in recent years.A.several hundreds English words
B.hundreds of English words C.hundred of English words
D.several hundred English word 38.With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action.A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether 39.—______? — She’s our history teacher.A.What’s she
B.Where does the woman work C.Who is she
D.How is the woman 40.Today’s weather is ______ worse than yesterday’s.A.very B.much
C.very much
D.much too 41.It is said that ______ boys in your school like playing football in their spare time, though others prefer basketball.A.quite a lot B.quite a few C.quite a bit D.quite a little 42.— What’s his mother like? —______.A.She’s very happy
B.She’s at home 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
C.She likes watching TV
D.She’s tall and thin 43.The new order means ______ overtime.A.works
B.worked
C.to work D.working 44.She has two best friends.______ of them is in the country.A.All
B.Both
C.No one D.Neither 45.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I ______ to half a dozen other groups before.A.was giving
B.am giving
C.had given D.have given 26-30 ABADA 31-35 CCDDC 36-40 DBBCB 41-45 BDDDC 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience.The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 46 the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, 47 reading material and giving out assignment.The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 48 what to write.Very often the student leaves the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and 49 become hard even for the students to understand.Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be 50 listeners and not-takers.If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 51 learners to practice these skills independently.In all cases it is important to 52 the problem before actually starting your studies.It is important to acknowledge that most students have difficulty
acquiring the language skills required in college study.One way of 54 these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year.Another basic strategy is to find a study partner 55 it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.46.A.extending B.illustrating C.performing
D.conducting 47.A.attributing B.contributing C.distributing D.explaining 48.A.suspects B.understands C.wonders
D.convinces 49.A.what B.those
C.as
D.which 50.A.effective B.passive
C.relative
D.expressive 51.A.enable B.stimulate
C.advocate D.prevent 52.A.evaluate B.acquaint C.tackle
D.formulate 53.A.in
B.on
C.of
D.with 54.A preventing B.withstanding C.sustaining
D.overcoming 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
55.A.in that B.for which
C.with whom
D.such as
46-50 BCCDA 51-55 ACADC 第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
56.Apples here like water and sunshine.57.Tom was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.58.Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.59.You needn’t go there anymore.He already knows about it.60.As is known to all, China is a developing country.56.這里的蘋果喜歡水和陽光。
57.湯姆是一個學(xué)習(xí)十分用功的學(xué)生,以至于不久他就成了班里學(xué)習(xí)最好的學(xué)生。58.泰德和威廉已經(jīng)在同一個屋檐下生活了五年了。59.你不必去了,他已經(jīng)知道那件事了。60.眾所周知,中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
要求在30分鐘內(nèi),根據(jù)下面所給的題目和中文提綱用英語寫出一篇不少于80詞的短文。
Water and Life 1.隨著工業(yè)化(industrialization)的推進,地球上的淡水(fresh water)越來越少。
2.生命沒水就要消亡(disappear),因此人類要珍惜(treasure)淡水。3.我們?nèi)绾喂?jié)約用水。
Water and Life While we are enjoying the rich fruits of modern industrialization, we are losing something precious on this planet.Fresh water, among others, is dwindling down day by day, owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the world.Just as sunshine is a necessity to life, so is fresh water.Without fresh water, our human society would come to a stop.As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society, we need to treasure it as we treasure our life, but how? First, our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industries that consume less water.Second, waste water must be recycled.Finally everyone of us should do his bit to save water.Test 3 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.—Could you help me with my physics, please? —____________ A.No, no way.B.No, I couldn’t
C.No, I can’t.D.Sorry I can’t.I have to go to a meeting right now.2.—Could I speak to Don Watkins, please? 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
—____________ A.I’m listening
B.Oh, how are you? C.Speaking, please.D.I’m Don.3.—Could I borrow your car for a few days? —____________ A.Yes, you may borrow.B.Yes, go on.C.Sure, here you are.Enjoy your journey.D.It doesn’t matter.4.—Thank you for inviting me.—____________ A.I really had a happy time.B.Oh, it’s too late C.Thank you for coming D.Oh, so slowly? 5.—May I see your tickets, please? —____________ A.No, they are mine.B.No, you can’t.C.Sure.D.Yes, you can.6.—Hello, may I talk to the director now? —____________ A.Sorry, he is busy at the moment.B.No, you can’t.C.Sorry, you can’t
D.I don’t know.7.—I was worried about my maths, but Mr.Brown gave me an A.—____________ A.Don’t worry about it.B.Congratulations!That’s a difficult course.C.Mr.Brown is very good.D.Good luck to you!8.—What can I do for you? —____________ A.I want a kilo of pears.B.You can do in your own way.C.Thanks.D.Excuse me.I’m busy.9.—Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the post office? —____________ A.Don’t ask that.B.Sorry, I’m a stranger here.C.No, I can’t say that.D.No, you’re driving too fast.10.—Oh, sorry to bother you.—____________ A.That’s Okay.B.No, you can’t.C.That’s good.D.Oh, I don’t know.1-5 DCCCC 6-10ABABA 第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage 1 Community service is an important component of education here at our university.We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate.A new community program called “One On One” helps elementary students who’ve fallen behind.Your education majors might be especially interested 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and English.You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester.You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both.Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors — he’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities.He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon.You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week.I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service ? and you’ll gain valuable experience at the same time.It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your community.If you’d like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge’s office this week.(220 words)11.What is the purpose of the talk? ____________ A.To explain a new requirement for graduation.B.To interest students in a new community program.C.To discuss the problems of elementary school students.D.To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program.12.What is the purpose of the program that the speaker describes? ____________ A.To find jobs for graduating students.B.To help education majors prepare for final exams.C.To offer tutorials to elementary school students.D.To provide funding for a community service project.13.What does Professor Dodge do? ____________ A.He advises students to participate in certain program.B.He teaches part-time in an elementary school.C.He observes elementary school students in the classroom.D.He helps students prepare their resumes.14.What should students who are interested in the tutorials do? ____________ A.Contact the elementary school.B.Sign up for a special class.C.Submit a resume to the dean.D.Talk to Professor Dodge.15.Whom do you think the speaker addresses? ____________ A.Faculty.B.Students.C.Residents D.Graduated students.11-15 BCADB
Passage 2 When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them.They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture.But they soon learned about a new system that more and more people are using.The renting of home furnishings(bed, tables, dishes, and so on)has become one of America’s fastest growing businesses.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are international business or government officials, foreign students, airline workers, young married couple – people whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another.They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time.They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes.Young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike.They prefer to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture that they really like.Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy.One family, who now have a large, beautiful home of their own, liked their rented furniture so much that they decided to keep renting it instead of buying new things.But usually people don’t like to tell others about it.The idea of renting home furnishings is still quite new, and they are not sure what their neighbors might think.(248words)
16.Which of the following has become one of America’s fastest growing businesses? ____________ A.Selling home furnishings.B.Renting furnished apartments.C.Selling used furniture.D.Renting home furnishings.17.Why do some people prefer to rent furniture? ____________ A.Because the furniture they get in this way is new.B.Because it saves them a lot of money.C.Because it saves them much trouble and money.D.Because they can always get better quality furniture in this way.18.What can you infer from the passage? ____________ A.The idea of renting furniture is not acceptable.B.Renting furniture is not popular in the couple’s home town.C.Only those who don’t have enough money to rent furniture.D.People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented.19.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? ____________ A.Rent or Buy?
B.A New Way of Getting Home Furnishings.C.Furnished Apartments.D.A New Idea.20.Young people liked renting home furniture in that __________.A.They have less money B.They don’t want to buy old furniture C.The new furniture is of good quality D.They don’t have much money and don’t want to buy the cheap furniture 16-20 DCBBD
Passage 3 Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man.Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
material to write on.The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed.Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly.In 1990 the world’s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year.Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year.Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China.In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400.The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant.Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year.Parchment was very strong;it was made from the skin of certain young animals.We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.(208words)
21.What’s the meaning for the word “parchment”? ____________ A.The skin of young animals.B.A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.C.The paper used by European countries.D.The paper of Egypt.22.Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper? ____________ A.More jobs could be provided than before.B.More people could be educated than before.C.More books could be printed and distributed.D.More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.23.When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? ____________ A.Around 1400.B.Around 1900.C.Around 400.D.Around 900.24.Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? ____________ A.China
B.Sweden
C.Egypt D.Japan 25.What is the main idea of this short talk? ____________ A.More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B.Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C.The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D.Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.21-25 BAABC 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
26.When the railway is completed, we ______ get to town much easily.A.must B.would C.are able to D.will be able to 27.You ______ buy some reference books when you go to college.A.could B.will have to C.must to
D.might 28.He didn’t pass the final examination.He ______ it.A.must have prepared for
B.ought to prepare for 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
C.ought to have prepared for
D.ought to prepare for 29.The atmosphere ______ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.A.composes of B.is made up C.consists of D.makes up of 30.Neither John ______ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A.nor
B.or
C.but
D.and 31.You don’t mind ______ you Xiao Li, do you? A.call
B.to call
C.to calling D.my calling 32.The girl is ______ of a film star.A.somebody B.something C.anybody D.anyone 33.Charles regretted ______ the TV set last year.The price has now come down.A.buying
B.to buy
C.of
D.from 34.I have the complacent feeling ______ I’m highly intelligent.A.what
B.which
C.that
D.this 35.It was on the beach ______ Miss White found the kid lying dead.A.that
B.this
C.it
D.which 36.We all thought ______ pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.A.that
B.which
C.this
D.it 37.I had my meals ______ when I was ill in bed with a bad cold.A.to bring B.bring
C.brought
D.bringing 38.What a bad memory I’ve got!I even forgot ______ the book with me.A.took
B.taking
C.take D.taken 39.The dean of the Philosophy Department requested that the visiting scholar ______ a lecture on the philosopher Sartre.A.gave
B.give
C.would give D.had given 40.After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ______ all sorts of awkward questions.A.answer
B.answering C.answered D.to answer 41.Jane’s dress is similar in design ______ her sister’s.A.like
B.with
C.to
D.as 42.I was satisfied with her explanation, ______.A.so my classmates were
B.so were my classmates C.so my classmates did
C.so did my classmates 43.The sports meeting was put off till the next week ______ rain.A.in spite of
B.so
C.because
D.because of 44.I will count three hundred and not one of you ______ move a bit.A.is to
B.are to
C.is
D.are 45.His salary as a driver is much higher than ______.A.a porter B.is a porter C.that of a porter D.as a porter 26-30 DBCCA 31-35 DBACA 36-40 DCBBD 41-45 CBDAC 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
One day when Jamie came home after school, his mother had on her worry face.He knew she was thinking of 46 “It’s bad out there.Black clouds are coming from the sea,” Jamie said.“ Yes.I’m thinking of those fishing boats at sea,” she said.At that moment 47 went out.Jamie and his mother were in the dark.“The coastline will be in the dark,” Jamie’s mother said.She got more worried.48 always come in threes.I broke my best glasses this morning, and my sister has the cold.“Now, don’t worry, mum.They’re right.” They’re 49 to come through this all right.But Jamie really worried about those fishing boats himself.The fishing boats would 50 the cove(海灣)in the dark.Jamie took flare and rushed into the wind.There was a cliff by the sea.He started to climb.He 51 himself up hand over hand.At last he reached the top.He 52 three times.On the fourth try he fired off one of the flares.It rose and cut into the black sky in bright light.Then he saw an answering flare up at sea.Jamie fired off two more.He saw another answering flare up, then another, then another.The answering flares from the fishing boats showed they 53 the entrance to the cove but then changed course and were 54 sailing into the cove.They were almost home.Jamie helped 55 the fishermen of the village.46.A.the wind B.the clouds
C.the rain D.the weather 47.A.Jamie
B.his mother C.the fire D.the lights 48.A.Messages B.Accidents C.Troubles D.Q uestions 49.A.sure
B.lucky
C.safe
D.ready 50.A.lose
B.miss
C.leave
D.forget 51.A.pushed
B.pulled
C.carried
D.climbed 52.A.made B.tried
C.failed
D.finished 53.A.were at
B.had found C.had passed by D.were going into 54.A.now
B.then
C.once
D.again 55.A.answer
B.save
C.find out D.look for 46-50 DDCAB 51-55 BCCAB
第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
請在20分鐘內(nèi)把下列5句英文翻譯成中文,把答案寫在答題紙上。
56.A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used.57.In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to correct the students’ test papers.58.The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
59.The plan has been over fulfilled by now.60.The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc.56.那個山區(qū)有許多自然資源有待于開發(fā)利用。57.外語系用閱卷機給學(xué)生批卷。58.老師鼓勵學(xué)生多聽,多讀,多寫。59.目前,已經(jīng)超額完成計劃。
60.大氣中的氣體、水、巖石等都是無機物中最普通的實例。第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
st
A Get-together on May 1
1.了解對方近日的情況。2.你的近況并通知他(她);五一長假有一個同學(xué)聚會。3.邀請對方參加。
st
A Get-together on May 1
April 15, 2007 Dear Wang Hong: How is everything getting along with you? It is almost one year since we graduated from university.I miss you very much.What have you been doing all these days? I have been a middle school teacher in my hometown since graduation.Teaching always keeps me busy, but I like my students and I love teaching, you know.So everything is fine here.There will be a former classmates’ getting together during this May Day holiday at my school.You are my best friend.I never forget those happy days we spent together.I hope you can come to my school when the time is due and you are free.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours truly,Li Hua
Test 4 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.— Please help yourself to the seafood — _______ A.No, I can’t.B.Sorry, I can’t help.D.Thanks, but I don’t like the C.Well, seafood don’t suit for.seafood.2.— Can you go to the concert with us this evening? — _______ A.No, I already have plans.tonight.B.I’d love to, but I’m busy 21 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
C.No, I really don’t like being with you.go out.D.I’m ill, so I shouldn’t 3.— Congratulations!You won the first prize in today’s speech contest.— _______.A.Yes, I beat the others.B.No, no I didn’t do it well.C.Thank you.D.It’s a pleasure.4.— Must I take a taxi? — No, you _______.You can take my car.A.had better to C.must not
B.don’t D.don’t have to 5.— We are going to have a singing party tonight.Would you like to join us? — _______ A.I’m afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.B.Of course not.I have no idea.C.No, I can’t.D.That’s all set.6.— May I use your bike for a moment? — _______ A.It’s well.B.It doesn’t matter.C.By all means.D.I have no idea.7.— How do you do? Glad to meet you.— _______ A.Fine.How are you?
B.How do you do? Glad to meet you, too.D.Nice.How are you? C.How are you? Thank you!8.— Hi, is Mary there, please? — _______ A.Hold on.I’ll get her.C.Yes, she lives here.B.No, she isn’t here.D.Yes, what do you want? 9.— Do you mind changing seats with me? — _______ A.Yes, you can.B.Of course, I like to.D.Certainly, please do.C.No, I don’t mind.10.— Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? — _______ A.I’d rather stay here if you don’t mind.B.Sorry, I don’t like neither.22 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
C.Certainly, why not? 1-5: DBCDA
D.Yes, we like these two places.6-10: CBACA 第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage1 Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag.Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use.All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag.This may vary somewhat from the general rules.The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand.Do not raise the flag while it is folded.Unfolded the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole.Lower it slowly and with dignity.Place no objects on or over the flag.Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform.Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchief, paper napkins or boxes.A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US.When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn’t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled.If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony.Take every precaution to prevent the flag from soiled.It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects.11.How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag? A.By making laws.B.By enforcing discipline.C.By educating the public.D.By holding ceremonies.12.What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag? A.It should be raised by soldiers.hand.B.It should be raised quickly by C.It should be raised only by Americans.D.It should be raised by mechanical means.13.How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony? A.It should be attached to the status.B.It should be hung from the top of the monument.C.It should be spread over the object to be unveiled.D.It should be carried high up in the air.14.What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag? A.There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag.B.The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag.C.There are precise regulations and customs to be followed.D.Americans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
15.What is Americans’ attitude towards their National Flag? A.Arbitrary.11-15: ABDCB
B.Respect.C.Happy.D.Brave.Passage 2 It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become “in”.Between the hours of 11 a.m.and 4:30 p.m., college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can’t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters.Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite;they’re a youth favorite.When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets.One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials.During the 1960’s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas.The mood of the sixties was very different from now.It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance.Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun.Young people want to be happy.It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people’s lives.But soap opera is enjoyment.Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it.And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems.16.What is soap opera? A.Plays based on science fiction stories.B.Plays based on non-fiction stories.C.The daytime serial dramas on TV.D.Popular documentary films on TV.17.What can be the best title of the passage? A.College student viewers.B.Favorite TV serials.C.Soap opera fans.D.College-age viewers.18.Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes “in” according to the passage? A.Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.B.Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people.C.Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.D.Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.19.What can learn from the passage? A.College students like soap operas more than any other social groups.B.Young people of sixties like soap operas more than people today.C.Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.D.The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain.20.What message does the author want to convey to us? A.The people’s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time.B.The people’s favorites to drama works change along with the times.C.The people’s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
D.The people’s favorites have changed the drama works.16-20: CCDCB
Passage 3 How men first learnt to invent words is unknown;in other words, the origin of language is a mystery.All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other;and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down.Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the thing they bring up before our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions.This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style.Above all, the real poet is a master of words.He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.21.The origin of language is _______.A.a legend handed down from the past B.a matter that is hidden or secret C.a question difficult to answer
D.a problem not yet solved 22.What is true about words? A.They are used to express feelings only.B.They can not be written down.C.They are simply sounds.D.They are mysterious.23.The real power of words lies in their _______.A.properties
B.characteristics
C.peculiarity
D.representative function 24.By “association”, the author means _______.A.a special quality
B.a joining of ideas in the mind C.an appearance which is puzzling D.a strange feature 25.Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? A.He is no more than a master of words.B.He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.C.He can move men to tears.D.His style is always charming.21-25: DCDBA 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
此部分共有20個未完成的句子,針對每個句子中未完成的部分有4個選項,請從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并用鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)字母涂黑。示例[A] [B] [C] [D] 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
26.It’s time we _______ the lecture because everybody has arrived.A.will start B.shall start
C.start
D.started 27._______ these honors he received a sum of money.A.Except
B.But
C.Besides
D.Outside 28.Would you let _______ to the park with my classmate, Mum? A.me go
B.me going C.I go
D.I going 29.The policeman gave the thief a blow in _______ stomach.A.his
B./
C.the
D.that 30.I have been looking forward to _______ from my parents.A.hear
B.being heard
C.be heard D.hearing 31.A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to _______ paying his fare.A.avoid B.reject
C.refuse
D.neglect 32.While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.A.it
B.which
C.that
D.what 33.This kind of material expands _______ the temperature increasing.A.to
B.for
C.with
D.at 34.People at the party worried about him, because no one was aware _______ he had gone.A.of where
B.of the place where C.where D.the place 35.A sudden noise of a fire-engine made him _______ to the door.A.hurrying
B.hurried
C.hurry
D.to hurry 36.I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow.A.will attend B.would attend C.had attended D.is going to attend 37.You object _______, don’t you? A.that they come B.that they came C.to their come D.to their coming 38._______ his examination of the patient, the doctor wrote out a prescription.A.Having finished B.Finishing
C.Finished D.Having been finished 39.Each person at the reunion was required to talk to other relatives to find out if they would buy one of the histories _______ it were printed.A.whether
B.if
C.when
D.after 40.Hardly _______ on stage _______ the audience started cheering.A.he had come / than
B.he had come / when
C.had he come / when
D.had he come / than 41.There was so much noise in the classroom that the teacher couldn’t make himself _______.A.heard
B.hearing
C.to hear
D.hear 42.It is the best _______ I have seen.A.that
B.who
C.whom D.which 43.The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she _______ mad.A.was
B.is
C.are
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44.My wallet is nowhere to be found.I _______ in the store.A.must drop it
B.must have dropped it C.should have dropped it
D.ought to have dropped it 45.I would rather _______ two weeks earlier.A.you should come here
B.you come here C.you came here
D.you had come here 26-30: DCACD 31-35: ABCAC 36-40: BDABC 41-45: AADBD 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
More and more teachers and parents have noticed another kind of pollution, 46 came from the printed papers sold on streets.These printed things look like newspaper but have hardly anything to do with them.You can only find reading materials badly 47 there-some are too strange for anyone to believe, 48 are frightening stories of something even worse.However, many of the young students are getting absorbed in such poisonous reading, which costs them what they should pay for their breakfast and bring them nightmares and immoral ideas 49 return.Homework is left undone, daily games lost.These sellers shout on streets selling their papers well.The writes, publishers and printers, 50 they are, we never know, are making their silent money.The sheep skinned wolf’s stories seem to have been forgotten once again.Why not forbid this kind of things at school? Yes, both teachers and parents have
each other for more strict control of the young readers.Yet unfortunately, 52 you want to forbid it, the more they want to have a look at it.Sometimes you may even find several children share one patched paper, which has traveled from one had to 53 driven by the curious nature.It really does harm to our society.It has already formed a sort of moral pollution.The 54 teachers and parents need more powerful support.Meanwhile, the young readers need more interesting books to help them 55 these ugly papers.46.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.this pollution 47.A.made of
B.made up
C.made from
D.made in 48.A.the others B.others
C.the other
D.some others 49.A.as
B.in
C.for
D.from 50.A.however B.whoever
C.whichever
D.however 51.A.warned
B.advised
C.persuaded
D.asked 52.A.if
B.the more C.one
D.only when 53.A.the others B.some others
C.another
D.others 54.A.puzzled
B.disappointed C.anxious
D.worried 55.A.destroy
B.throw away C.fight against D.get rid of 46-50: CBBBB 51-55: DBCDD 第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
56.There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction.57.This place has plentiful material resources.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
58.Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics.59.Transistors are small in size and light in weight.60.John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant.56.由于摩擦而損耗了大量的能量。57.這個地方有豐富的物質(zhì)資源。58.各種材料的磁性有很大的不同。59.晶體管的體積小,重量輕。
60.盡管約翰和他哥哥在年紀(jì)上相差不大,但他們的個性卻不相同。第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
Help Me to Buy A Spoken English Book 1.介紹你的近況。
2.請他幫你買英語口語書。3.歡迎他方便時來訪。
Oct.16 2007 Dear Li Hua, It’s long time we haven’t seen each other.I miss you very much.How’s everything going on with you? I am busy preparing for PETS 4.I would appreciate if you could help me buy PETS English oral textbook which was issued by the Beijing Press, because the books were sold out here.Drop in when you are free.I often think of those happy days we spent together when we were at University.Please let me know as soon as possible once you get the book.My best wishes.Yours truly,Wang Lei
Test 5 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.— How was your trip to London, Jane? — _______ A.Oh, wonderful indeed.B.I went there alone.C.The guide showed me the way.D.By plane and by bus.2.— Hey, Tom, what’s up? — _______ A.Yes, definitely!
B.Oh, not much.C.What is happening in you life? D.You are lucky.3.— Do you mind my smoking here? — ______ A.No, thanks.B.Yes, I do.C.Yes, I’d rather not.D.Good idea.4.— David injured his leg playing football yesterday.資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
— Really? ______ A.Who did that?
B.What’s wrong with him? C.How did that happen?
D.Why was he so careless? 5.— This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.— _______ A.You may ask for help.B.Let me give you a hand.C.Please do me a favor.D.I’d come to help 6.— How are you feeling? — Much better._______ A.Thanks for coming to see me.B.You look great.C.You are so kind.D.Don’t mention it.7.— Oh, Betty, we will be having a buffet party next Saturday, and we’d like you to join us.— _______, Susan.What’s the occasion? What time do you want me to come? A.I’d love to
B.No way C.By no means
D.I’m afraid not 8.— Tomorrow is my birthday.— _______ A.Oh, I have no idea.B.I’m glad you like it.C.Many happy returns of the day!D.You must be very happy.9.— Could you be so kind as to turn down that rock “n” roll? I’m preparing for tomorrow’s exam.— _______ A.It’s none of your business.B.What are you doing? C.Sure.Sorry to disturb you.D.No, I don’t think so.10.— Are you getting a new flat this year? — _______ I can’t afford to pay my bills, let alone buy a new flat.A.Without question.B.You must be joking.C.Good idea!
D.Are you sure? 1-5: ABBCB 6-10: AACCB 第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage 1 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper.Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent.With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own.Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives.Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country.If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden.Then, when the flowers and vegetables come 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature.Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants.Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London.An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s(two weeks)visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.11.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city.B.All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country.C.Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London.D.Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside the city.12.With the same money needed for _______, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country.A.getting a small flat with a garden B.having a small flat with a garden C.renting a small flat without a garden D.buying a small flat without a garden 13.When the garden is in blossom, the one _______ has been rewarded.A.living in the country
B.having spent time working in the garden C.having a garden of his own D.having been digging, planting and watering 14.People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that _______ if they had to live outside London.A.their life was meaningless
B.their life was invaluable C.they didn’t deserve a happy life
D.they were not worthy of their happy life 15.The underlined phrase get away from in the 3rd paragraph refers to _______.A.deal with B.do away with C.escape from D.prevent from 11-15: BCBAC
Passage 2 By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others-they are people against whom we measure others.They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation’s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them.Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us – an artifact of the past.Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one.Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science.Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them.They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity(明星), who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic.But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That’s hard to answer.In part, their lives have the quality of a story 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
to tell.For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love.Good looks certainly help.So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media.But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death – such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F.Kennedy, and Princess Diana.16.The passage mainly deals with _______.A.life and death
B.heroes and heroines C.heroes and icons
D.icons and celebrities 17.Heroes and heroines are usually _______.A.courageous
B.good example to follow C.self-sacrificing
D.all of the above 18.Which of the following statements is wrong? A.Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth.B.Superstars are famous for being famous.C.One’s look can contribute to being famous.D.Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times.19.Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love _______.A.when she was 19
B.when she became a princess C.just before her death
D.after she gave birth to a prince 20.What is more likely to set an icon’s status? A.Good looks.B.Tragic and early death.C.Personal attraction.D.The quality of one’s story.16-20: CDDCB
Passage 3 Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people.A person’s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and they way a person behaves affects other people’s reactions.In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.They need reassurance that they are doing “the right thing.” Shy people are very sensitive to criticism;they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority.They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, “You’re just saying that to make me feel good.I know it’s not true.” It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence.Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteems, it is important for people to accept their weakness as well as their strengths.31 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Let’s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.21.What does the author try to prove by citing “what kind of impression am I making?”
A.Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance.B.People’s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions.C.It’s natural that shy people don’t believe other’s compliments.D.Shy people think they are different from others.22.According to the writer, self-awareness is _______.A.a good quality
B.the cause of unhappiness C.harmful to people
D.a weak point of shy people 23.When being praised, shy people feel that it is _______.A.good
B.unreal
C.very reasonable D.harmful 24.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A.Shyness helps us to develop our potential.B.Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better.C.Shyness can block our chances for a rich life.D.Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem.25.It can be inferred from the passage that shy people _______.A.should find more of their weakness
B.should understand themselves in the right way C.had better ignore their weakness
D.can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem 21-25: BABCB 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)26.The manager will not _______ us to use his car.A.have
B.let
C.agree
D.allow 27._______ her and then try to copy what she does.A.Mind
B.See
C.Stare at D.Watch 28.Will you _______ me a favor, please? A.do
B.make
C.bring
D.give 29.It’s bad _______ for you to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.A.behavior
B.action
C.manner D.movement 30.— It’s a good idea.But who’s going to _______ the plan? — I think John and Peter will.A.carry out
B.get through
C.take in D.set aside 31.Before the final examination, some students have shown _______ of tension.They even have trouble in sleeping.A.anxiety
B.marks
C.signs
D.remarks
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32.The problem is not _______ so easy as you think.It’s far from being settled.A.hardly B.almost
C.nearly
D.scarcely 33.— It’s time to tidy your room, Harry!— See the tidy room, Mum!_______ is where it should be.A.Something B.Anything C.Everything
D.Nothing 34.— What will you buy for your boyfriend’s birthday? — I want to buy a _______ wallet for him.A.black leather small
B.small black leather C.small leather black
D.black small leather 35.The young actor who had been thought highly of _______ to be a great disappointment.A.turned up B.turned out
C.turned down D.turned in 36.He is fond of playing _______ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _______ music.A./;the B./;/
C.the;/
D.the;the 37.— Don’t you feel surprised to see George at the meeting? — Yes.I really didn’t think he _______ here.A.has been B.had been C.would be D.would have been 38.Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _______ bad for their mental development.A.that is
B.which is C.as is
D.what are 39.— Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.— Oh, really? I _______.I _______ visit her.A.didn’t know;will go to
B.don’t know;will go to C.didn’t know;am going to
D.haven’t known;am going to 40.— Take this medicine twice a day, Peter? — Do I have to take it? It _______ so terrible.A.is tasting B.is tasted
C.tastes D.has tasted 41.The young _______ interested in pop music.A.is
B.have
C.has
D.are 42.Important _______ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.A.when
B.until
C.as
D.although 43.— Why does he look sad? — There are so many problems _______.A.remaining to settle
B.remained settling C.remaining to be settled
D.remained to be settled 44.— The physics exam is not difficult, is it? — _______.Even Harry _______ to the top students failed in it.A.Yes;belongs B.No;belonged C.Yes;belonging D.No;belonging 45._______ tomorrow’s lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.A.Not preparing B.Not having prepared
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C.Not to prepare D.Being not prepared 26-30: DDAAA 31-35: CCCBB 36-40: CCCAC 41-45: DCCCB 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
It is always interesting to visit another country, especially for those who have never traveled a great deal.Foreign 46 can be very educational for anyone if he is interested enough to make preparations beforehand.Learning the language of the new country would be difficult for the traveler, 47 the benefits of such an effort would become obvious immediately 48 his arrival.It may not seem important to him when he comfortably stays at home, but knowing how to 49 a meal or book a room is necessary for the newcomer in a strange country.Without knowing the language, it is very difficult 50 the stranger to understand the people of the new country and their customs.Of course, in our small world it is often possible to find someone
understands our own, but this is only second-best for the traveler.To be sure, he can see places and things 52 the use of a language, but places and things 53 not the heart of any country.To get the greatest benefit from a trip 54 another country, it is how important for the visitor to 55 an understanding of the language.46.A.travel
B.country
C.language D.people 47.A.when B.so
C.and
D.but 48.A.on
B.before
C.while
D.at 49.A.buy
B.order
C.eat
D.book 50.A.of
B.to
C.for
D.in 51.A.who
B.where
C.which
D.whom 52.A.without
B.with
C.by
D.that 53.A.is
B.are
C.were
D.had 54.A.of
B.in
C.to
D.on 55.A.has
B.having
C.had
D.have 46-50: ADABC 51-55: AABCD 第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
56.The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience.57.Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.58.In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.59.If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.60.Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great patient painters of the past.56.我們的激情越多,我們有可能體驗到的快樂就越多。57.歷史每重演一次,代價就增加(一分)。
58.在這個物質(zhì)財富充裕的時代,我們感到精神上的饑渴。59.如果你決定學(xué)一門新的語言,你必須全身心地投入。60.卡什被人們譽為人像大師,由于受到歷史上一些著名畫家的影響,他在拍攝中經(jīng)常運用黑白攝影。
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第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
Bad Manners in Public 1.列舉人們在公共場所的不良現(xiàn)象。
2.對其中某一種現(xiàn)象陳述你的看法,并簡單說明理由。
Although we consider ourselves as highly advanced being living in a civilized society, bad manners can still be found here and there.For example, some cyclists run the red traffic lights, many passengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourists attractions, let alone spit on the street.In the cinema, some audience talk loudly on cell phones in front of others.I’m strongly against talking loudly in the cinema, for this behavior shows no respect at all to others;what’s worse, it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun.Test 6 第一部分:交際用語(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)1.— I wonder if I could use your computer tonight? — _______ I’m not using it right now.A.Sure, go ahead.B.I don’t know.C.It doesn’t matter.D.Who cares? 2.— Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office? — _______ Oh yes!Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue.You can’t miss it.A.I beg your pardon?
B.What do you mean? C.You’re welcome.D.Mm, let me think.3.— Wow!This is a marvelous room!I’ve never known you’re so artistic.— _______ A.Great, I am very art-conscious.B.Don’t mention it.C.Thanks for your compliments.D.It’s fine.4.— Is it possible for you to work late tonight? — _______ A.I like it.B.I’ll do that.C.I’d love to.D.I think so.5.— Unbelievable!I have failed the driving test again!— _______ This is not the end of the world.A.Good luck.B.Cheer up.C.Go ahead.D.No problem.6.— Would you like another slice of Christmas cake? — _______ I’m full.A.Yes, please.B.No more, thanks.C.Why not?
D.Nothing more.7.— Susan is absent from today’s class.— _______ As far as I know, she has never missed a class.35 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
A.How come?
B.So what? C.Why?
D.What for? 8.— If you like I can mail this letter for you.— _______.A.That’s very kind of you
B.You are so kind C.Please give me a hand
D.You are great 9.— I’m terribly sorry that I’ve spilled some coffee on the carpet.— _______ A.Sorry.B.It doesn’t matter.C.That’s right.D.Don’t mention it.10.— Doctor, I don’t feel well.— _______ A.You are fine.B.It doesn’t matter.C.What’s the matter?
D.Don’t take it seriously.1-5: ADCDB 6-10: BAABC 第二部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
Passage 1 Places to stay in Britain are as varied as the places you visit.Whatever your budget is the choice — from basic barn to small hotel, from tiny cottage to grand castle — is all part of fun.Hostels Cheap, good-value hostels are aimed at all types of like-minded travelers, who prefer value over luxury and you don’t have to be young or single to use them.Britain’s independent hostels and backpackers hostels also offer a great welcome.Facilities and prices vary, especially in rural areas, where some hostels are a little more than a bunkhouse(臨時住房)while others are remarkably comfortable — almost like bargain hotels.Youth Hotels Founded many years ago to “help all, especially young people of limited means, to a greater knowledge, love and care of the countryside”, the Youth Hotels
stAssociation is still going strong in the 21 century.The network of 230 hotels is a perfect gateway for exploring Britain’s towns and countryside.B&Bs The B&Bs(bed and breakfasts)is a great British institution.In essence you get a room in somebody’s house, and small B&Bs house, and small B&Bs may only have one guest room, so you’ll really feel like part of the family.Larger B&Bs may have four or five rooms and more facilities, but just as warm as a welcome.In country areas your B&Bs might be in a village or an isolated farm surrounded by fields.Prices reflect facilities: and usually run from around £12 to £ 20 per person.City B&Bs charge about £25 to £ 30 per person, although they’re often cheaper as you go further out to the suburbs.Pubs & Inns As well as selling drinks and meals, Britain’s pubs and inns sometimes offer B&Bs, particularly in country areas.Staying a night or two can be great fun and
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puts you at the heart of local community.Rates range from around £15 to £ 25 per person.Pubs are more likely to have single rooms.11.In this passage the author mainly _______.A.tells us where to stay while visiting Britain B.advises readers to pay a visit to Britain C.introduces the wonderful public services in Britain D.gives us some information about British life 12._______ are mainly built for young visitors.A.Pubs & Inns B.Youth Hotels C.Hostels
D.B&Bs 13.If you travel alone and want to know better family life in Britain, you’d better stay in _______.A.Pubs & Inns B.Youth Hotels C.Hostels
D.B&Bs 14.If you are interested in traveling with your friends but only with limited means, where is the better place for you to stay? A.Pubs & Inns B.Youth Hotels C.Hostels
D.B&Bs 15.Which of the following is NOT true according to the last part of the passage? A.Pubs and inns usually provide visitors bed and breakfast.B.All pubs and inns offer visitors bed and breakfast.C.Pubs and inns charge a visitor £ 25 at the most.D.If you want a single room, you are more likely to get one in pubs.11-15: ABDCB
Passage 2 What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”.It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter.You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone.The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons.He also works to fit the answer he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientist’s knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of this mathematics was later tested through investigations, Einstein’s ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.37 資料編輯由 學(xué)長特供 完成 可以百度“學(xué)長特供” 更多九月統(tǒng)考輔助
16.What makes a scientist according to the passage? A.The tools he uses.B.The way he uses his tools.C.His way of learning.D.The various tools he uses.17.“The scientist, however, goes one step further?”.The author says this to show _______.A.the importance of information
B.the importance of thinking C.the difference between scientists and ordinary people D.the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs 18.A sound scientific theory should be one that _______.A.works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times B.does not allow any changes even under different conditions C.can be used for many purposes D.leave no room for improvement 19.The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate _______.A.that measurements are keys to success in science B.that accuracy of mathematics C.that the investigations are important in science D.that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations 20.What is the main idea of the passage? A.The theory of relativity.B.Exactness is the core of science.C.Scientists are different from ordinary people.D.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.16-20: BCACD
Passage 3 A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands.While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.This attitude toward manual(體力的)labor is now still seen many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously(豪華地)furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house.His wife
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may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.21.From paragraph 1, we know that in America _______.A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man B.people can always rise to the top through their own efforts C.college professors win great respect from common workers D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors 22.According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _______.A.servants in American are hard to get
B.she takes pride in what she can do herself C.she can hardly afford servants
D.It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food 23.The expression “wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_______”.A.work in a furniture shop
B.keep accounts for a bar C.wait to lay the table
D.serve customers in a restaurant 24.The author’s attitude towards manual(體力的)labor is _______.A.positive
B.negative C.humorous D.critical 25.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? A.A Respectable Self-made Family.B.American Attitude toward Manual Labor.C.Characteristics of American Culture.D.The Development of Manual Labor.21-25: ABDAB 第三部分:詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
26.Two days is not enough for him to finish the work.He needs _______ day.A.other
B.the other
C.the third
D.a third 27.The red flower goes from one to _______ in the class.A.the other
B.others C.another
D.other 28.The computer system _______ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A.broke down B.broke out
C.broke up D.broke in 29.There’s lots of fruit _______ the tree.Our little cat is also in the tree.A.in
B.at
C.under
D.on 30.How can he _______ if he is not _______? A.listen;hearing
B.hear;listening
C.be listening;heard
D.be hearing;listened to 31.In _______, the northerners have a particular liking for dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.A.common B.total
C.general
D.particular 32._______ no need _______ the radio as I’m used to studying with it on.A.It’s;to turn down
B.It’s;turning up
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C.There’s;to turn off
D.There’s;turning off 33.How much has the company _______ this year? A.brought in B.brought down C.brought out D.brought out 34.The old houses are being pulled down to _______ a new office block.A.make room for B.make use of C.take the place of D.supply with 35.The Chinese women volleyball players _______ both in and out of China.A.are thought good of
B.are highly thought of C.are well thought
D.are ill thought of 36.Would you like something _______? A.drink
B.to drink C.drinking D.for drinking 37.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _______ the desert.A.covering
B.covered
C.cover
D.to cover 38._______ is the population of Paris? A.How many B.How much C.How
D.What 39.As the busiest woman there, she made _______ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.A.this
B.that
C.one
D.it 40.It was getting _______, he had to stop to have a rest.A.very darker
B.dark and dark
C.darker and darker D.darkest and darkest 41.This overcoat cost _______.What’s more, they are _______ small for me.A.very much;very B.too much;much too C.much too;too much D.very much;too much 42.The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village.A.when
B.where
C.that
D.until 43.— Did the medicine make you feel better? — No.The more _______, _______ I feel.A.medicine I take;and the worse B.medicine I take;the worse C.I take medicine;the worse
D.I take medicine;worse 44.It is not until you have lost your health _______ you know its value.A.until
B.when
C.what
D.that 45.It’s high time that he settled down in the country and _______ a new life.A.start
B.started
C.starting D.to start 26-30: DCADB 31-35: CDAAB 36-40: BADDC 41-45: BABDB 第四部分:完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
Did you sleep well last night? Maybe many people will answer: No.In fact, in the world about one in three people do not have good sleep.46 you say you do not have good sleep, it means waking early and not getting back to sleep, often interrupted short period of sleep, or hours of wakefulness.You 47 get tired, worried, and anxious.Your memory and ability to remember things will be 48.Then what should you do when you have the trouble? Do not worry about it too much.First, let’s see whether you can sleep yourself.The ways are as follows:
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First, 49 that your bedroom isn’t too cold or too hot.Keep it dark and quiet.Second, check your lifestyle: Do not drink tea, coffee, cola or chocolate four hours before 50.Drink less liquid so that you can have no or fewer visits to the toilet.Set your body clock well by getting up and going to bed at the fixed time every day.You 51 take any daytime naps.Develop a relaxing bedtime habit.Read or 52 music, then take a warm bath.If you really can not sleep, try some bread, rice 53 milk.They will help you fall asleep.Go for a daily walk.Natural light help you to put your body clock into correct habit, 54 do exercise outdoors if you can.Forget the worries of the day.Write down any worries, thoughts or questions before you go to bed.With these written down, you will have 55 to think about and your sleep will become easier.46.A.When B.In case
C.If
D.As 47.A.might
B.may
C.must
D.should 48.A.affected B.damaged C.destroyed D.endangered 49.A.determined B.make sure C.watch out D.look into 50.A.sleeping B.going to sleep C.going to bed D.falling asleep 51.A.won’t
B.wouldn’t better C.had better D.had better not 52.A.listen to
B.listen
C.hear D.see 53.A.and
B.or
C.with
D.on 54.A.neither
B.but
C.so
D.however 55.A.harder
B.fewer
C.more D.less 46-50: CBABC 51-55: DABCD 第五部分:英翻漢(滿分15分)
56.In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one.57.I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang.58.All that glitters is not gold.59.He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China.60.All things are difficult before they are easy.56.像這種植物在世界上的其他任何一個國家中都找不到。57.我在睡覺時,電話鈴?fù)蝗豁懥恕?8.閃光的東西,未必都是金子。
59.他告訴我:在來中國前他在美國已生活十年了。60.凡事總是由難到易。
第六部分:寫作(滿分15分)
My Opinion on Cell Phones 1.使用手機的好處。2.使用手機的弊端。3.我的看法。
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Cell phones do play an important role in people’s daily life, but every coin has its two sides.To start with, as a wireless mobile phone, it’s convenient for the user at any time to contact others.Secondly, it’s helpful companion.With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can easily surf the net, downloading what he needs.However, the cell phone has many disadvantages.For one thing, the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly, not to mention its global service.For another, the radiation from the mobile phones might do harm to the user’s heath.In my opinion, with its expenses being reduced sharply after China’s entry into the WTO, its development will have a brighter future.Therefore its advantages will far outweigh its disadvantages.42
第五篇:數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)研究復(fù)習(xí)資料
《小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)研究課程》試卷 單項選擇題
.以功利為價值取向的數(shù)學(xué)教育價值追求可以稱之為(C 算法化)。
2.下列不屬于當(dāng)今國際小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)特征的是(C 注重邏輯推理)。
3.下列不屬于小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的編排原則的是(A 統(tǒng)一性原則)。
4.下列不屬于 兒童數(shù)學(xué)問題解決能力發(fā)展階段的是(C 學(xué)會解題階段)。
5.下列不屬于傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方式特點的是(B 思考性)。
6.主要通過教師在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的各種提示性活動,來幫助學(xué)生接受并內(nèi)化既定的數(shù)學(xué)知識,形成既定的數(shù)學(xué)技能的屬于(A 接受型的教學(xué)組織)的教學(xué)組織類型。
7.以自然主義和人本主義為哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)的評價是(D 質(zhì)性的評價)。
8.從正方形中抽象出長方形的過程稱之為(C 弱抽象)。
9.不屬于小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則學(xué)習(xí)特點的是(D 注重命題)。
10.兒童幾何學(xué)習(xí)的起點主要是(B 生活經(jīng)驗)。
二、多項選擇題(本大題共 5 小題,每小題 2 分,共 10 分。在每小題列出的五個選項中有二至五個選項是符合題目要求的,請將正確選項前的字母填在題后的括號內(nèi)。多選、少選、錯選均無分。)
1.從課堂學(xué)習(xí)中教師、學(xué)生、教材和環(huán)境相互作用的基本模式看,小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課堂教學(xué)組織主要有(ADE)幾種類型。
A 接受型的教學(xué)組織 D 問題解決型教學(xué)組織
E 自主型的教學(xué)組織
2.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)評價從評價的功能角度可以分為(BE)。
B 形成性評價
E 總結(jié)性評價
3.數(shù)學(xué)概念至少具有(BD)這樣一些特征。
B 精確性 D 抽象性
4.在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)運算規(guī)則的導(dǎo)入階段主要可以運用(ACD)等策略。
A 情境導(dǎo)入
C 活動導(dǎo)入 D 問題導(dǎo)入
5.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)問題解決學(xué)習(xí)的意義主要有(BCDE)。
B 能 為學(xué)生的主動探索與發(fā)現(xiàn)提供一個空間與機會
C 能 發(fā)展學(xué)生自我調(diào)控與反思修正能力
D 能促進學(xué)生有效地轉(zhuǎn)變學(xué)習(xí)方式 E 能幫助學(xué)生實現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展
三、填空題:
1.對學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中的行為參與程度和方式影響最大的因素是__課程內(nèi)容的組織與呈現(xiàn)方式、教師在課堂學(xué)習(xí)中的教學(xué)策略與方法、__ 以及__對學(xué)生參與課堂學(xué)習(xí)的要求與評價___ 等。
2.具體地看空間想象能力,其至少包含_2.依據(jù)實物建立模型的能力;依據(jù)模型還原實物的能力;依據(jù)模型抽象出特征、大小和位置關(guān)系的能力_ 以及“能將模型或?qū)嵨镞M行分解與組合的能力”等幾個要素。
3.數(shù)學(xué)問題解決的基本心理模式是 __理解問題、設(shè)計方案、執(zhí)行方案 ____ 以及“評價結(jié)果”等四個心理過程。
4.小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)概率教學(xué)的主要策略有 _通過大量的活動來獲得對事件可能性的體驗、通過游戲活動來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生體驗事件發(fā)生的可能性、_ 以及____通過讓學(xué)生嘗試設(shè)計方案去體驗事件的可能性__等。
四、判斷題(本大題共 5 小題,每小題 2 分,共 10 分。只要在每小題的括號內(nèi)填上√或×即可。)
1.作為兒童生活的數(shù)學(xué),是一種非完全形式化的數(shù)學(xué)。(√)
2.我國 21 世紀(jì)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程的基本觀念是突出體現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)性、普及性和發(fā)展性(√)
3.傳統(tǒng)的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容具有“螺旋遞進式體系組織”的特征。(√)
4.“同化”和“順應(yīng)”是遷移的兩種主要形式。(√)
5.探究教學(xué)是一種在單位時間內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)效率最高的學(xué)教學(xué)方式。(×)
五、名詞解釋(本大題共 5 小題,每小題 4 分,共 20 分)
情感參與 :認(rèn)知參與主要是指學(xué)生在課堂學(xué)習(xí)過程中通過學(xué)習(xí)方法所表現(xiàn)出來的思維水平與層次。
啟發(fā)式談話法 :啟發(fā)式談話法,也叫對話法,它是指通過教師與學(xué)生之間的對話來引發(fā)學(xué)生的探索和思考,從而形成新的認(rèn)知的一種教學(xué)方法。
形成性評價 :形成性評價,是一種以學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容以及具體的過程目標(biāo)為參照的評價,它主要是伴隨在系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)過程之中的。
強抽象 :強抽象也叫“強化結(jié)構(gòu)式抽象”,即指在原型中引入新的本質(zhì)特征來強化原來結(jié)構(gòu)的一種抽象。這時,抽象出來的概念就是原來概念中的一個特例。
估算 :估算,實際上就是一種無需獲得精確結(jié)果的口算,是個體依據(jù)條件和有關(guān)知識對事物的數(shù)量或運算結(jié)果作出的一種大致的判斷。
六、簡答題(本大題共 3 小題,每小題 6 分,共 18 分)
1.簡述認(rèn)知遷移的實現(xiàn)主要取決于哪些因素。
認(rèn)知遷移的實現(xiàn)主要取決于如下四個因素。對象的共同因素;已有經(jīng)驗的概括水平;定勢的作用;學(xué)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)。
2.簡述 探究學(xué)習(xí)的理論在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中運用時要注意的問題。
探究學(xué)習(xí)的理論在小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)中運用時要注意以下幾個問題: 第一,注意探究教學(xué)模式對學(xué)習(xí)主體的適用性。第二,注意學(xué)習(xí)材料的選擇與呈現(xiàn)。第三,注意教師引導(dǎo)的適度性。第四,加強學(xué)生科學(xué)態(tài)度的養(yǎng)成和探究能力的發(fā)展。
3.簡述兒童形成統(tǒng)計思想過程特征。兒童在形成統(tǒng)計思想方法過程中,主要會表現(xiàn)出如下一些特征:
(1)觀念是伴隨著操作活動逐步形成的(2)數(shù)據(jù)的分析與利用能力的形成是漸進的(3)對數(shù)據(jù)理解是逐步發(fā)展的(4)對統(tǒng)計樣本的理解缺乏經(jīng)驗的支持(5)對數(shù)據(jù)特征的認(rèn)識集中在外部的明顯特征上。
七、論述題
1.試分析我國小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容在呈現(xiàn)方式上的改革。
在新一輪的基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革中,我國對小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程內(nèi)容的呈現(xiàn)方式上也進行了革命性的變革,主要體現(xiàn)在以下六個方面 :(每個方面要有簡要的分析)
(1)體現(xiàn)價值的主體性
(2)體現(xiàn)知識的現(xiàn)實性
(3)體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)的探究性
(4)體現(xiàn)經(jīng)歷的體驗性
(5)體現(xiàn)過程的開放性
(6)體現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn)的多樣性
當(dāng)然,教材呈現(xiàn)的多樣性,還表現(xiàn)在材料呈現(xiàn)形式上的多樣性,即呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生的,可以是一些問題情境、小故事、操作性作業(yè)等,也可以是一些小課題(直接呈現(xiàn)任務(wù))等,讓學(xué)生能 主動地、靈活地和創(chuàng)造性地運用已有的經(jīng)驗去嘗試,去探究,去建構(gòu)。
2.對新世紀(jì)我國小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)課程目標(biāo)的特點進行分析。
《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》在對一般性的總體目標(biāo)論述中,有幾點特別值得注意:
對數(shù)學(xué)知識的理解發(fā)生了變化——數(shù)學(xué)知識不僅包括“客觀性知識”(如乘法運算法則、三角形面積公式等),而且還包括從屬于學(xué)生自己的“主觀知識”,即帶有鮮明個體認(rèn)知特征的個人知識和數(shù)學(xué)活動經(jīng)驗。如對“數(shù)”的作用的認(rèn)識、解決某種數(shù)學(xué)問題的習(xí)慣性方法等。
② 強調(diào)了應(yīng)該掌握的基本數(shù)學(xué)思想和方法。如函數(shù)思想、方程思想等。
③ 強調(diào)在數(shù)學(xué)中存在的一種可以遷移到其他領(lǐng)域的東西,這就是數(shù)學(xué)思維方式。如合情推理、直覺思維和發(fā)散思維等。
④ 強調(diào)運用數(shù)學(xué)思維方式解決日常生活中的問題,增強應(yīng)用意識。更為關(guān)注是否向?qū)W生提供了具有現(xiàn)實背景的數(shù)學(xué),包括他們生活中的數(shù)學(xué)。
《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》在對具體性的目標(biāo)論述中,值得注意的是:
① 在知識與技能目標(biāo)中首次出現(xiàn)了過程性目標(biāo)。
② 數(shù)學(xué)思考目標(biāo)所闡述的內(nèi)涵并非單純地指向純粹的數(shù)學(xué)活動本身,它應(yīng)當(dāng)直接指向?qū)W生在與數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的一般思維水平方面的發(fā)展。其應(yīng)包括思考數(shù)學(xué)和進行數(shù)學(xué)的思考兩方面。
③ 關(guān)于解決問題目標(biāo)所體現(xiàn)的內(nèi)涵并不等同與一般的解題活動。
④ 情感與態(tài)度目標(biāo)關(guān)系到對數(shù)學(xué)課堂中的素質(zhì)教育的認(rèn)識。