第一篇：變式跟蹤之名詞、冠詞篇

變式跟蹤之名詞、冠詞篇

名詞是表示人?事物?抽象概念等名稱的詞,根據(jù)其詞匯意義,通常分為專有名詞和普通名詞?考生在復(fù)習(xí)中,需要掌握有關(guān)名詞的知識:名詞的數(shù)?名詞的格?短文改錯中對名詞的數(shù)的考查?對集合名詞的考查及名詞詞義辨析?

冠詞是用于名詞前用以說明該名詞含義的虛詞,通?？煞譃椴欢ü谠~?定冠詞和零冠詞,它的主要特點是表示泛指?類指和特指?專指?考生在復(fù)習(xí)中,需要掌握有關(guān)冠詞的知識:冠詞的位置?不定冠詞的用法?定冠詞的用法及零冠詞的用法?

名詞?冠詞是每年高考單項選擇必考題?在以往的高考中,對名詞?冠詞的考查,著重名詞詞義辨析,以及冠詞泛指?類指?特指?專指的用法和習(xí)語,特別是把不定冠詞?定冠詞?零冠詞?可數(shù)名詞?不可數(shù)名詞(具體化)結(jié)合起來考查?

例1.(2007陜西卷)

He and his wife are of the same______;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind

[解析]

句意:他和他的妻子有共同的想法;他們都希望兒子考入大學(xué)?soul 靈魂,心靈;spirit精神;heart 心,心臟;而mind=thoughts;a person’s way of thinking想法?答案D?

[知識鏈接]

一個名詞常有多種意思,考生在一個具體的句子中要把握好該名詞的正確意思?例如:

Beck is an honest businessman.Our company and his have had a lot of ______ in the past five years.A.deals B.arguments C.rewards D.sales

[解析]

句意:Beck是一個誠實的商人,在過去的5年里,我們公司和他的公司有許多交易?deals協(xié)議(尤指交易),如:make a deal with sb(與某人)達成一筆交易;arguments 協(xié)議;rewards報答,報酬,報償;sales 銷售額,銷售量?答案A?

[變式跟蹤]

1.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)______ of personal taste.A.affair B.event C.matter D.variety

例2.(2007福建卷)

— How aboutChristmas evening party?

— I should say it was ______ success.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;/ D.the;/

[解析]

句意:——這次的圣誕晚會辦得如何?——我認為是一個成功的晚會?根據(jù)句意可知Christmas evening party表特指,故用定冠詞?當(dāng)success表“成功”時是不可數(shù)名詞,但表“成功的人?成功的事”時是可數(shù)名詞(即抽象名詞具體化),在此句中,success意為“一個成功的晚會”,故用不定冠詞?答案B?

[易入誤區(qū)]

此題易誤選D?考生往往會把success當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞,而忽視抽象名詞具體化的問題?

[知識鏈接]

抽象名詞具體化通常使用的有:a success,a surprise,have a good time,have a good/full breakfast/lunch/supper,have a good knowledge of等,考生在考試中一定要注意?

[變式跟蹤]

2.walk is expected to last all day,so bring______packed lunch.A.The;a B.The;/ C.A;a D.A;/

例3.(2006全國二卷)

I know you don’t like ______ music very much.But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the

[解析]

句意:我知道你不喜歡音樂,但是你認為昨天我們看的那部電影中的音樂怎么樣?music是不可數(shù)名詞,在第一空處表泛指,不能與冠詞連用(即用零冠詞),但是在第二空處有定語“in the film we saw yesterday”修飾,表特指,用定冠詞the?答案D?

[知識鏈接]

不可數(shù)名詞表泛指時,其前不能用冠詞;可數(shù)名詞表泛指時,其前則要用不定冠詞a(n);表特指時,不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞均要用定冠詞the?

[解題技巧]

考生在真實交際中應(yīng)正確使用冠詞,對名詞的數(shù)的概念應(yīng)有清楚的認識?

[變式跟蹤]

3.Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice,which they use asplatform for hunting seals.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D./;a

●模擬練習(xí)●

1.(2005遼寧五校聯(lián)考)

— I’d like to see the movie very much,but I have no money on me.— That’s OK.This is my______.A.offer B.treat C.turn D.service

2.(2005北京豐臺統(tǒng)練)

It is reported that great ______ made to look into the case have paid off.A.attentions B.troubles C.efforts D.cares

3.(2006江南十校聯(lián)考)

If we go on using energy so wastefully,______are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A.chances B.difficulties C.questions D.problems

4.(2006湖北聯(lián)考)

It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.A.situation B.expression

C.comprehenssion D.translation

5.(2006黃岡質(zhì)檢)

Micky bought an old car cheaply,cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a______.A.benefit B.bargain C.prize D.profit

6.(2007北京海淀4月)

Ding Junhui, most competitive snooker player,is ______ quite young man.A./;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.a;the

7.(2006青島)

Don’t worry too much about ______mistakes.They are ______ natural part of learning.A./;the B.the;/ C.the;the D./;a

8.(2005湖南師大附中)

He was suchgood speaker that he held our attention every minute of ______ three-hour lecture.A.a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.a;a

9.(2007湖南株洲)

money plays an important role in ______ material world.But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness.A.A;the B./;a C.The;the D./;the

10.(2007天津?qū)氎嬉荒?

The taxi driver was put in ______ prison because his car had knocked down a child.His wife went toprison to see him twice a month.A./;the B.the;the C./;/ D.the;/

參考答案:

[變式跟蹤]1—3 CAD

[模擬練習(xí)]1—5 BCAAD 6—10 CDADA

第二篇：名詞冠詞高考題專練

淮安市新馬高級中學(xué)2013屆高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)講義

名詞冠詞

1.名詞主要考查的知識點：

(1)名詞的詞義辨析

(2)可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式

(3)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)

(4)名詞所有格

(5)名詞作定語

2.冠詞主要考查的知識點：

(1)定冠詞的用法

(2)不定冠詞的基本用法。

(3)零冠詞的用法

(4)用冠詞與不用冠詞的特定情況

(5)冠詞的幾個特殊位置

2007年高考題

1.(2007北京卷)I looked under ______ bed and found _______ book I lost last week.A.the;aB.the: theC.不填;theD.the;不填

2.(2007福建卷)—How about __________ Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was __________ success.A.a;aB.The;aC.a;不填D.the;不填

3.(2007湖南卷)Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals.A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填

4.(2007江蘇卷)We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success.A.不填;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.a;a

5.(2007江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on ________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their day for exercise.A.a;不填B.the;aC.the;theD.不填;a

6.(2007全國II)—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.the;不填

7.(2007山東卷)_______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch.A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填

8.(2007陜西卷)In __________ film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a

9.(2007四川卷)How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a

10.(2007天津卷)I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station.A.an, theB.不填, theC.an, 不填D.the, a

2008年高考題

1.(2008安徽)To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _____”.A.SkyB.LifeC.ArtsD.Voices

2.(2008福建)What's the ____ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?

A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion

3.(2008湖北)The young man made a ______to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.A.predictionB.promiseC.planD.contribution

4.(2008湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_____.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon

5.(2008江西)---Shall we go out for a walk?

---Sorry.This is not the right ____ to invite me.I am too tired to walk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance

6.(2008山東)I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real ____.A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business

7.(2008天津)Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students ____ financial aid.A.in favour ofB.in honour ofC.in face ofD.in need of

8.(2008天津)Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ___ like coal, gas and oil.A.fuelsB.articlesC.goodsD.products

9.(2008天津)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _____.A.out of sightB.out of reachC.out of orderD.out of place

10.（2008浙江）Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A.senseB.viewC.meansD.idea

2009年高考題

1.（09安徽）We can never expect _____bluer sky unless we create ______less polluted world.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

2.（09北京）The biggest whale is ___ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ____ 9-story building.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a

3.（09江西）Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the world.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a

4.（09海南）Let’s go to_______cinema-that’ll take your mind off the problem for

________while

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a

5.（09陜西）What________pity that you couldn’t be there to receive_________prize!

A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the

6.（09四川）In order to find _____ better job, he decided to study ______second foreign language.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the

7．（09浙江）I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.A.the;aB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

8.（09重慶）Washing machines made by China have won______worldwide attention and Haier has become________popular name.A.a;theB./;aC./;theD.the;a

9.（09全國2）What I need is_______book that contains_______ABC of oil painting.A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;anD.a;the

2010年高考題

1.（10福建21）It’s ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them __________ pleasure.A.不填, aB.a, 不填C.the, aD.a, the

2.（10山東22）If we sit near ______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.A.不填； theB.不填；aC.the;aD.the；the

3.（10江蘇21）The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.A.不填； aB.不填；theC.the； aD.the； the

4.（10遼寧22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the

5.（10北京35）First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get _______ second chance to make _______ first impression.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a

6.（10重慶27）Everything comes with_______price;there is no such_______thing as free lunch in the world.A.a, aB.the, /C.the, aD.a, /

7.（10浙江2）Many lifestyle patterns do such _______great harm to health that they actually speed up ________weakening of the human body.A.a;/B./;theC.a;theD./;/

8.（10四川2）In ______most countries, a university degree can give you _____flying start in life.A.the;aB.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;a

2011年高考題

1.（2011?全國II）As he reached _____front door, Jack saw ______strange sight.A.the;不填B.a;theC.不填aD.the;a

2.（2011?陜西卷）As is know to all, _______People’s Republic of China is______ Biggest developing country in the world.A.the;不填B.不填 ；theC.the ；theD.不填；不填

3.（2011?四川卷）Dr.Peter Spemce, ________headmaster of the school,told us, _______fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A

4.（2011?江西卷）------It’s said John will be in a job paying over 860,00 _____ year

-----also get paid by _____ week.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a

5.（2011?全國新課標卷）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填

6.（2011?浙江卷）Experts think that ____recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.A.the.不填B.a;theC.a;不填D.the;a

7.（2011?山東卷）Take your time-it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.A.不填；theB.a;theC.the;aD.不填；a

8.（2011?重慶卷）In communication, a smile is usually ___________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.A.the, /B.a, anC.a, /D.the, an

2012年高考題

1.【2012江西卷】The Smiths don’t usually stay at few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.A．/;a B．the;the C．/;theD．the;a

2.【2012浙江卷】 _________________ The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A.不填, theB.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a

3.【2012安徽卷】Carl is studyingfood science at college and hopes to open upmeatprocessing factory of his own one day.A./ ； aB./ ；theC.the;aD.the;the

4.【2012重慶卷】Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.A./,/B.the,/C the theD./, the

5.【2012遼寧卷】 I woke up with bad headache, yet byevening the pain had gone.A.the;theB.the;anC.a;theD.a;an

6.【2012全國新課程】 A.不填；aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a

7.【2012山東卷】 Being able to afford _____ drink would be ______comfort in those tough times.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a

第三篇：英語語法---名詞、代詞和冠詞

英語語法---冠詞 冠詞基本用法 【速記口訣】

名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a或an，輔音前用a，an在元音前，若為特指時，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見，碰到代詞時，冠詞均不現(xiàn)?！久钫Z詮釋】

冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一，也是中考考查的主要對象。以上口訣包括的意思有：①名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用;②表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時要用定冠詞the;③如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指，名詞前有this，these，my，some等時就不用冠詞。英語語法---名詞

(一）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成 A.規(guī)則變化 1.單詞后加S 2.單詞后加ES(以CH等結(jié)尾的單詞)3.以F或FE結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閂E加S B.不規(guī)則變化

1.單復(fù)同形

deer sheep

fish

Chinese

Japanese

means 2.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

people

police

cattl

clothes

trousers，glasses 3.不規(guī)則變化

man----men

woman----women

foot-----feet

tooth-----teeth mouse------mice

child-----children

German------Germans 4.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 1)將后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)

Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemen policewoman----policewomen 2)將主要成分變成復(fù)數(shù)

looker-on----lookers-on

son-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一詞是man, woman，將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù) men doctors

women 小結(jié)

grown-up----grown-ups

名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 【速記口訣】

單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，規(guī)則要記住，一般加s，特殊有幾處： 【妙語詮釋】

①大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s，也就是單詞如果以ch，sh，s，x等結(jié)尾)，則一般加es;②以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro，hero)兩菜(tomato，potato)加es外，其余一般加s;③以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f，fe變?yōu)関e再加s;④英語中還有些單詞沒有規(guī)則，需要特殊記憶，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox— oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。

（二）名詞所有格

1.表示有生命的東西的名詞，所有格在名詞后加’s Mr Li’s house

The cat’s food

James’ dog

The dogs’ food 2.表示無生命的東西的名詞，用of+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示 The leg of the desk

the cover of the magazine 3.在時間，距離，度量，價值等名詞后，可用名詞所有格。Two months’ time

Today’s newspaper

fifty pounds’ weight 4.表示店鋪或某人的家時，常在所有格后省去shop, home.The doctor’s

the tailor’s

my uncle’s

the barber’s 5.名詞前有冠詞，數(shù)詞，不定代詞或指示代詞時，用of詞組+所有格表示 a friend of John’s

that bike of Tom’s 6.某樣?xùn)|西為兩人或多人共有，在后一個名詞尾+’s.Jane and Fred’s mother

Jane’s and Fred’s mother Tom and Tim’s car

Tom’s and Tim’s car 小結(jié)

名詞所有格用法 【速記口訣】

名詞所有格，表物是“誰的”，若為生命詞，加“’s”即可行，詞尾有s，僅把逗號擇;并列名詞后，各自和共有，前者分別加，后者最后加;若為無生命詞，of所有格，前后須倒置，此是硬規(guī)則?！久钫Z詮釋】

①有生命的名詞所有格一般加s，但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾，則只加“’”;②并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時，分別加“’s”，如果是共有，則只在最后名詞加 “’s”;③如果是無生命的名詞則用of表示所有格，這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語不同，A of B要翻譯為B的A(三)主謂一致

主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，主語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)。He is a student.We are students.1

and 連接兩個名詞，看有無the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.2

主語單數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語單數(shù)

主語復(fù)數(shù)+ with/as well as/ but/except/besides/including …+謂語復(fù)數(shù) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.3.有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個整體，(如度量，距離，金額，時間，書名等）其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Two weeks ___(be)not enough to finish the work.1000 dollars ___(be)a large amount of money.4.There be 句型就近原則。

There ____ a pair of glasses on the desk.There ____ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.5.某些集體名詞，如family ,team 等做主語時，若當(dāng)一個整體看，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)，若就其中一個一個成員來看，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也類似

His family _____(be)a happy family.All the world ________(be)waiting for the good news.6.成雙成對構(gòu)成的東西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但與a pair一起構(gòu)成作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

7．each , every+名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。

Each boy and girl ________(want)to serve the people in the future.8．以 either …or , neither …nor , not only … but also，not…but…等連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。

Either you or he ______(be)to go.Not only he but also I ______(be)wrong.9.…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞單數(shù) + 謂語單數(shù)

…幾分之幾/。。百分之幾+of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 謂語復(fù)數(shù) Three-fifths of money _____(have)been used up.10.…one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語復(fù)數(shù)

…the only/the very one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +謂語單數(shù) He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.

第四篇：名詞與冠詞練習(xí)答案

專題一名詞與冠詞

1.解析:選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：布朗先生覺得要改善他的計劃，汲取一下工人的評論是一個很不錯的主意。comment評論，解釋;requirement 必需品；summary 總結(jié)；connection連接，均不符合題意。

2.解析:選B?？疾楣谠~的用法。句意為：中國從2008年金融風(fēng)暴中能學(xué)到什么，已經(jīng)成為我們的熱點話題。在the 2008 financial storm中，the修飾storm, 表示特指;a hot topic 一個熱點話題，表示范指。

3.解析:選C。考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：網(wǎng)上沖浪的挑戰(zhàn)在于你如何能判斷網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的信息是正確的還是錯誤的。從表語的內(nèi)容可判斷出，選challenge 挑戰(zhàn)。ability 能力；competition 競賽；knowledge 知識,均不符合題意。

4.解析:選C?？疾楣谠~的用法。從句中“一輛漂亮的車”和“一輛人人都喜歡的車”這兩個含義都應(yīng)用不定冠詞,表示泛指。

5.解析:選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：那個巨大的半獅半魚的噴水塑像名叫“魚尾獅”，是新加坡的象征。故選A。sign 跡象；手勢；signal 信號；scene場景，場面。

6.解析:選D。考查冠詞的用法。句意為:當(dāng)有消息傳來說他因為超速被禁駕時，他困惑不解。at a loss 困惑不解，word單獨使用時意為“消息”，相當(dāng)于news。

7.解析:選D?？疾楣谠~的用法。句意為：在中國，汽車正在成為一種流行的交通工具。the car表示類指，它從是“車”而不是別的什么的角度說的類指概念。a means of一種方式。

8.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：中央新聞大廈發(fā)生的大火引起了人們對在城市燃放鞭炮的關(guān)注。故選C。attention 注意，多指全神貫注；expectation 期盼，盼望；standard 標準;concern擔(dān)心;憂慮;關(guān)注。

9.解析:選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。從句意提醒對方不要忘了交報道，可知此處應(yīng)指上交報道的最后期限，故選deadline。summary 總結(jié)；regulation 規(guī)則,管理；agreement 同意。

10.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：這對雙胞胎雖然個性不同但在音樂方面的趣味相同。故選taste。

11.解析:選B。考查不可數(shù)名詞的具體化用法。a drink指在長頸鹿喝水時，表示一次飲水，故選a;第二空的water是特指，故用the。

12.解析:選D。考查名詞詞義辨析。由語境可知，此處指人類的語言，而語言是人類說的，因此用voices。故選D。

13.解析:選B?？疾楣谠~的用法。根據(jù)語境判斷，對方已經(jīng)遲到，原因是交通擁擠和遇上了大雨。這是造成遲到的兩種情況，因此都是特指概念，前面需加定冠詞。

14.解析:選D。the Internet因特網(wǎng)，為固定搭配;as a resource作為一種資源，此處用a表示泛指。

15.解析:選A。考查冠詞的用法。根據(jù)語境判斷，落在他頭上的蘋果并非特指，因此前面用不定冠詞； 后面是冠詞的固定用法，表示“打在身體部位的名詞”前，應(yīng)該用定冠詞。

16.解析:選B?？疾楣谠~的用法。by sea經(jīng)海路,是固定用法，相當(dāng)于by ship, 名詞前不加定冠詞，后面的大陸是特指概念，因此用定冠詞。

17.解析:選A。考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，說話人在抱怨一個公共場所，不能在里面吃飯、喝酒和逗留，這樣的場所有什么意義，因此用sense。opinion意見，觀點，一般與人搭配；case 情形，情況，都不符合題意。

18.解析:選B?？疾樵~義辨析。根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”買的裙子很便宜，因此用bargain, 意為“便宜貨”。exchange 交換；trade 貿(mào)易；business 商業(yè)，均不符合題意。

19.解析:選B?？疾槊~辨析。句意為:這位年輕人向他父母許下諾言，畢業(yè)后要獨立生活。因此用promise。make a promise 許下諾言，是固定搭配。

20.解析:選B。考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，Kelly向我描述旅行的情況。explanation 解釋；imagination 想象，想象力；idea注意，念頭。account一般表示“賬目，賬戶”，但還可以表示“記述，描述”，相當(dāng)于description。

21.解析:選C。be in trouble處于困境中；句中trouble為泛指，不用冠詞;

lose(one’s)heart為固定搭配，表示“失去信心”，heart前不用冠詞。

22.解析:選A。2010年上海世博會為特指，前面用the;抽象名詞honour單純表示一種概念時是不可數(shù)名詞，但與a(an)連用時，抽象名詞具體化，就成為可數(shù)名詞。

23.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：——只要你在比賽中拿到第一名，你就能得到一部蘋果手機?！@是承諾嗎？我希望別讓我失望。trick詭計，欺騙；decision決定;決心;promise諾言，約定;goal目標。

24.解析:選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意為：到現(xiàn)在為止，我還沒有適應(yīng)東京快節(jié)奏的現(xiàn)代生活方式。step步驟；style風(fēng)格;pace步伐；步調(diào)；manner方式，風(fēng)格。

25.解析:選B。amusement的讀音是以元音開頭的，且后面的park為單數(shù)形式，故用an。

第五篇：名詞 冠詞考點講解

2012高考總復(fù)習(xí)（15）：名詞、冠詞考點透析與精煉考試要求：

對名詞、冠詞的考查，在每年高考都有涉及，是高考大綱語法部分的重要內(nèi)容。不但在單項選擇部分對這兩類詞有直接考查，在其他各大題型尤其是書面表達題型也涉及名詞、代詞的運用。近年高考加大了對名詞詞義辨析的考查，但是考生丟分往往很多。本篇資源主要對名詞冠詞的考點和易錯點進行歸納，并給同學(xué)們提供一些精選的練習(xí)。知識總結(jié)： 名詞考點主要集中在下列方面：

一、名詞的辨析，包括同義詞、近義詞、形似義異的名詞辨析。

這類題主要考查名詞同義詞、近義詞的辨析，詞形相似而意義相異的名詞辨析，這些名詞可能有相同的前綴或后綴，甚至有相同或相近的詞干。這就要求在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，必須要重視詞義及詞義辨析，收集大量的語言實例，反復(fù)記憶，用心領(lǐng)悟，掌握好名詞近義詞之間的細微區(qū)別。另外做題時還要充分注意語境的具體要求。

同義詞：選項中的幾個名詞意思大致相同，但是各個詞之間有著細微差別或者在用法上完全不同。

近義詞： 選項中幾個詞意義不同，但比較接近。

形似義異名詞：選項中幾個詞在拼寫上有類似之處，這類詞在意義上往往差別較大。

二、名詞的搭配：名詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與動詞的搭配、名詞的慣用法。

這類題主要考查名詞與介詞的搭配，以及動詞與名詞的搭配關(guān)系等。這些搭配主要是依據(jù)語法和慣用法，由于沒有任何規(guī)律可言。同學(xué)們在平時的復(fù)習(xí)中對一些常用名詞的搭配要注意積累與總結(jié)歸納。

三、語境

詞的語境指的是詞語在特定語境中的含義、感情色彩和表達作用。要理解詞語的語境意義，讀懂句子是關(guān)鍵，當(dāng)然要進行聯(lián)系、比較和體會。這類題是名詞考查的一個趨勢，現(xiàn)在越來越多的考題屬于這種情況。

四、名詞的轉(zhuǎn)義：把抽象意義轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能;把具體意義的名詞抽象化。

轉(zhuǎn)義名詞主要分為兩類：把抽象意義的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義，因而賦予其可數(shù)功能；把具體意義的名詞抽象化，從而賦予其不可數(shù)性。

抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“??的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等，指“一種”、“一場”及“多種”、“多場”時，有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months.抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體：a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of,a matter of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等，用心 愛心 專心

1都是可數(shù)名詞，可以有具體的意義，如a school, three schools。但go to school, go to church中的名詞為抽象名詞。

具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象：day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色時，表達抽象概念(注意其前不用冠詞)。如：Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.冠詞考點主要集中在下列方面：

近年高考重點考查冠詞的基本用法，尤其在冠詞表示泛指、特指方面考查較多；對冠詞的習(xí)慣用法的考查也是高考的熱點之一；冠詞的靈活運用是高考的難點之一。同學(xué)們在備考的過程中一定要重點掌握和理解冠詞的基本用法，例如泛指、特指、類指、專指等用法。當(dāng)然要特別注意在具體的語境中體會冠詞的用法。

一、序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用

強調(diào)順序時用定冠詞；當(dāng)不強調(diào)順序，而是表示“又，還，再”時用不定冠詞。

二、school, bed等前面冠詞的使用

像bed, table, class, school, college, church, hospital, prison等名詞，在指這些家具、建筑或場所本身時用冠詞，但若抽象地指它們所具有的作用或功能時，則不用冠詞，此時多用于go to或者be in / at之后。

三、專有名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，如John, China等。但以下幾種情況用冠詞：

1．“the＋姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”表示“某某夫婦”或“姓某的一家人”；

2．“a(n)+人名”表示“??式的人物”或“有一個名叫??的人”，如He is a Lei Feng.(他是一

個雷鋒式的人物。)A Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.(有一個叫史密斯的人在門口等你。)。

3.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前通常要加the，如the Summer Palace, the United Nations。但若是

在“專有名詞(人名或地名)＋普通名詞”構(gòu)成的專有名詞前不用冠詞，如Beijing University,Yale University。

4.表示特指時專有名詞前也可能用the，如the Gorge of China(中國的高爾基)，the China of the

1960s(20世紀60年代的中國)，the Smith you’re looking for(你在找的那個史密斯)。

四、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前冠詞的使用

一般不用冠詞，如We all need water.(我們都需要水。)但是下列情況要用冠詞：

1.特指時要加the；

2.有的抽象名詞具體化后，前面要加不定冠詞，如a surprise一件預(yù)料之外的事，a pity / shame(一

件令人遺憾的事), a success(一件成功的事或一個成功的人)，a pleasure(一件快樂的事)，a time(一段時間)。

3.不定冠詞可在coffee, tea, beer, drink等物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”。如I’d like a tea(=a cup of tea), please.我要來杯茶。

五、表示三餐的名詞前的冠詞使用

breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠詞，但若受形容詞修飾時用a / an；特指時要用the。如a good lunch(豐盛的午餐)How do you like the lunch? 你覺得這頓午餐怎么樣？

六、play后的樂器和球類名詞的冠詞使用

play后接西洋樂器名詞時，要加定冠詞。但像erhu(二胡)之類的漢語拼音的中國民樂名稱前就不用冠詞；play后面接球、棋、牌等之類的名詞前也不用冠詞，如play football / chess / bridge踢足球 / 下棋 / 打橋牌。

七、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期的名詞前的冠詞使用

一般不用冠詞，但特指時用the；受形容詞修飾表示具有某種特點時可用a / an。如the spring of 1998(1998年的春天)，a hard winter(一個嚴寒的冬天)。

八、表示節(jié)日的名詞前的冠詞使用

含有day的節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞，如May Day, New Year’s day, Christmas Day, April Fool’s Day, Mother’s Day等；但僅中國才有的傳習(xí)統(tǒng)節(jié)日名稱前常用the，如the Spring Festival(春節(jié)), the Mid-autumn Festival(中秋節(jié))。

九、有后置定語的名詞前的冠詞使用

特指某人或某物時用the；但若指一類事物時用a / an。如：

I’d like to buy a present that is useful but not expensive.我想買一件價格不貴但又有用的那樣一類禮物。

十、兩個并列名詞前冠詞的使用

指同一人、物或同一概念時，第二個名詞前不用冠詞，如a teacher and writer(一位教師兼作家)，a horse and cart(一輛馬車)，a knife and fork(一付刀叉)；但若是指兩個人時，第二個名詞前一般也要加冠詞，如a man and a woman(一個男人和一個女人)。易錯點點撥：

1.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的特殊形式

child——children, foot——feet, man——men, mouse——mice,stomach——stomachs, tooth——teeth, woman——women, sheep——sheep,deer——deer, Chinese——Chinese, a man doctor——men doctors,a woman doctor——women doctors, looker-on——lookers-on,grown-up——grown-ups

誤：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2.?？疾豢蓴?shù)名詞

advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather,knowledge, jewelry, progress

誤：What a fine weather it is!

正：What fine weather it is!

3.可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可，但意思不同

experience 經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）；經(jīng)驗（不可數(shù)）

room 房間（可數(shù)）；空間（不可數(shù)）

exercise 練習(xí)（可數(shù)）；鍛煉、運動（不可數(shù)）

誤：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有：

few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of?

誤：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有：

little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of?

誤：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：

trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings?誤：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8.復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)意思的有：

plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics?

誤：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting.9.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups

誤：There're many boys students in my class.正：There're many boy students in my class.10.名詞做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)

police, cattle, clothes, goods

誤：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market.11.幾個應(yīng)該特殊注意的名詞。

people(民族，人)； village(村莊，村民)；man(男人，人類)；youth(年輕人，青年男子，青春)