第一篇:高考英語(yǔ)名詞性從句教案-商南縣高級(jí)中學(xué)-李鞠萍大全
Noun clauses 名詞性從句復(fù)習(xí)教案
陜西省商南縣高級(jí)中學(xué) 李鞠萍
I.Teaching Aims.1、To review the definition and the classification of Noun Clauses.2、To know about key points of Noun Clauses in National Entrance Examination.3、To know about the differences between “that” and “what”,and master the usage of the two words.II.Teaching difficult and important points.1、The way to judge which clause the sentence includes.2.The differences between “that” and “what”,and master the usage of the two words.III.Teaching Method.Explanation,pictures, practise and conclusion ect.IV.Teaching Procedures.Step 1.考點(diǎn)透視
在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中,名詞性從句是復(fù)合句中構(gòu)成和分類(lèi)最為復(fù)雜的部分。根據(jù)近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)命題的走向,今后它將仍然是考查的熱點(diǎn)。其主要考點(diǎn)分布在:名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序、名詞性從句的連接詞的辨析、有關(guān)名詞性從句的常見(jiàn)句型等。
Step 2.Definition
名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞,可分別做主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此,名詞性從句可分為:
1、主語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞有:that,who,what,which,whose,whether,when,where,why
eg: What you said sounds reasonable.2、表語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ),放在系動(dòng)詞后面。引導(dǎo)詞有:that,who,what,which,whether,when,where,how,as if等。eg:The trouble is that he can't come.3、賓語(yǔ)從句:在復(fù)合句中位于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞后面充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞有:that,who,what,how,whether,if等。eg:Nobody knows who broke the glass.4、同位語(yǔ)從句:通常由that引導(dǎo),說(shuō)明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,也可以用where,when,how,why等詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)??山油徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞有:idea,news,fact,question,thought,decision等。
eg:The idea that we'll go out for a picnic is great.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞:
1、從屬連詞:that(無(wú)詞義,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)if/whether(有詞義“是否”,但不充當(dāng)任何成分
2、連接代詞:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever, whomever,whatever(有詞義,在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ))
3、連接副詞:when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever......(有詞義,在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ))
Step 3.Practice.(略)
① Ask students to identify the type of clause in the following sentences.② Find the clauses and tell the function of them.③ True or False Question.Step 4.Discussion Organize students to have a discussion about difficult points in Noun Clauses, thus making them to have a good knowledge of this part.高考重點(diǎn)---名詞性從句應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng):
1、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂鼍?,除what is/was the matter(the trouble/wrong)with sb 外。eg:I don’t know who he is.2、that 在名詞性從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,經(jīng)常被it替代,自己則“跑”到了句末。
eg:①That he will go to the USA is known to his friends.②It is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.(2009天津)A.as B.which C.whether D.that
3、what、whatever總是要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。eg:Do you remember what she said at the meeting?(what=the words that)
4、if 和whether的區(qū)別
if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,而whether可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,即用whether不用if的情況: ①作介詞賓語(yǔ) It depends on whether it is fine.②whether+to do eg:He hasn’t decided whether to go there by himself.③whether or not eg:We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.④作discuss的賓語(yǔ)
eg:We are discussing whether we will hold a meeting this weekend.5、doubt用于肯定句中,賓語(yǔ)從句可以用if或whether引導(dǎo)。eg:I doubt if/whether he will keep his word.doubt 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中,賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。eg:I never doubted that you would win.6、whatever,however,whichever,whoever,whomever,既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句:而no matter what,no matter how, no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom只可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。
Whatever(No matter what)difficulty we meet, we'll never give up.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
You are free to get whatever you want to.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
7、suppose, think, guess, believe, imagine, expect......引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句,把引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊疑問(wèn)詞提到句首。
What do you suppose has happened to her?
8、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用
①主語(yǔ)從句:在句型It be+important(strange/necessary/a pity/suggested/ordered,etc)+that...(should)②賓語(yǔ)從句:在某些動(dòng)詞(如insist、order、command、advise、suggest、demand、request、require...)的賓語(yǔ)從句中用should+v.③同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句:作某些詞(如:advice,request,order,suggestion...)的同位語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。
9、同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當(dāng)句子任何成分,但不能省略;而定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時(shí)又在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)that可省略。
eg:①The news(that)he told me is true.②I heard the news that our team had won the game.Step 5.Exercise.歷年高考真題
第二篇:2017高考英語(yǔ)——名詞性從句
2017年高考題
【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代詞,根據(jù)意思可知是人獲獎(jiǎng),故排除AD,因?yàn)樾枰鲋髡Z(yǔ),只能用主格代詞who,故選B??键c(diǎn):考查連詞?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】
主語(yǔ)從句 Subject Clauses(在主語(yǔ)的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問(wèn)詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)作do的賓語(yǔ)。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
? 區(qū)分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問(wèn)的意思;wh-ever有肯定強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter wh-來(lái)替換,但在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 試題分析:A.why 為什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么時(shí)候。句意:Jane漫無(wú)目的地走在兩旁栽樹(shù)的街道上,不知道她將去往何方,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處是表地點(diǎn)的,很容易就可選出答案B??键c(diǎn):考查連詞。
【2017·江蘇】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】
B.which
C.what
D.how
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
這里容易誤判為定語(yǔ)從句的“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu),需要注意的是,half of后面的價(jià)格是以前的價(jià)格。如果是定語(yǔ)從句,那么half of后面的價(jià)格則是$20的一半,即$10,再結(jié)合“down to”可知,原來(lái)的價(jià)格
高于$20,因此不是定語(yǔ)從句。
介詞of后跟賓語(yǔ),因此這里是賓語(yǔ)從句,通過(guò)分析句子成分可知,賓語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ),因此用what引導(dǎo)。
賓語(yǔ)從句
1.動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 1)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
后常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等
2)wh-,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
后常接wh-,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。3)“動(dòng)詞十間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句”
常使用此類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。
4)“動(dòng)詞+it十形容詞/名詞+that從句”
常見(jiàn)的后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式賓語(yǔ)的特殊句型
常見(jiàn)的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb.that...;take it for granted that.2.形容詞后賓語(yǔ)從句
后常接賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。
3.介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句
后常接賓語(yǔ)從句的介詞有on,about,in,but,except等。4.賓語(yǔ)從句需要注意的問(wèn)題
1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或者一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可根據(jù)句子意思選擇用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。2)當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句必須用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
3)但是當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)的是普遍真理或客觀規(guī)律時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,賓語(yǔ)從句的意義是否定時(shí),not要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中;但當(dāng)從句有否定意義的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等詞時(shí),否定詞不轉(zhuǎn)移。5)主句中謂語(yǔ)是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同時(shí),wh-連詞引導(dǎo)的表示疑問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)將連詞wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序,從句語(yǔ)序不變。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(錯(cuò)句)
6)當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是wish時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)詞是suggest,demand,require等詞時(shí),從句要用可省略should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
7)if??纱鎤hether,但是當(dāng)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用whether。
8)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that??墒÷裕钱?dāng)兩個(gè)that從句由and或or連接時(shí),第二個(gè)從句的that不能省略。考點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句
【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:他問(wèn)我是否已經(jīng)把書(shū)還給圖書(shū)館了,我承認(rèn)。我還沒(méi)有還。A.什么時(shí)候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根據(jù)句意,故選C 考點(diǎn):考查賓語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句中連詞的考查。對(duì)于賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞的確定,首先確定連詞的詞義,然后根據(jù)句意判斷出正確的連詞,本句的句意很明顯,確定為是否。
2016年高考題
1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:題目考查主語(yǔ)從句。helps是謂語(yǔ),“________ you can do”是主語(yǔ)部分,即主語(yǔ)從句,在主語(yǔ)從句中,do后缺少賓語(yǔ),表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引導(dǎo),故選C。考點(diǎn):考查主語(yǔ)從句 【名師點(diǎn)睛】
主語(yǔ)從句 Subject Clauses(在主語(yǔ)的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問(wèn)詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)作do的賓語(yǔ)。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever ? 區(qū)分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問(wèn)的意思;wh-ever有肯定強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter wh-來(lái)替換,但在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that
C.whether
D.why
考點(diǎn):考查表語(yǔ)從句 【名師點(diǎn)睛】
表語(yǔ)從句 Predictive Clauses(在be動(dòng)詞 后)
1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task.? This/That/It is because ?
I think it is because you are doing too much.? The reason why?is that?
The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情況
* 在表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中 * 在介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 從句中有or not時(shí)
He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江蘇】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what
C.as
D.that
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句:由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,在大多數(shù)情況下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主語(yǔ)來(lái)代替它的位置。常見(jiàn)的以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句的句型有三種。1.It + be + 形容詞+that從句
適用于這種句型的常見(jiàn)形容詞有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。
1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明顯,他們急需援助。
2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最終我們能完成這項(xiàng)工程是有可能的。
表語(yǔ)為 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式一般為“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”
3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握電腦。
4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自殺了 2.It +be +名詞詞組+ that從句
常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你沒(méi)有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。
2)―Tom has a bad cold.湯姆患了重感冒。
―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――難怪他看起來(lái)臉色蒼白。
3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷鋼筆,真是太丟臉了。shame 所用的句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3.It + be+ 過(guò)去分詞+ that從句
常有的過(guò)去分詞有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.據(jù)報(bào)道這兩個(gè)國(guó)家就貿(mào)易問(wèn)題達(dá)成協(xié)議。
過(guò)去分詞表示:建議,命令,愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等詞時(shí),從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。動(dòng) 詞形式為:should + 原型。
1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人請(qǐng)求王先生表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。
2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建議我們應(yīng)該討論一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題??键c(diǎn):考查主語(yǔ)從句
4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:句意:經(jīng)理提出一個(gè)建議,我們應(yīng)該有個(gè)助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明suggestion 的內(nèi)容,而且同位語(yǔ)從句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引導(dǎo),that不作成分,只是起著連接的作用。故選 B。
考點(diǎn):考查同位語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】解答這類(lèi)題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu),知道引導(dǎo)詞的使用習(xí)慣。通過(guò)判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分,來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。連接同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問(wèn)詞(what how where when...)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的同位語(yǔ)從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的同位語(yǔ)從句。判斷是否是同位語(yǔ)從句,還可以用同位詞+is+同位語(yǔ)從句,如果可以講的通,一般就是同位語(yǔ)從句,例如這題中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考題
1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that
C.where
D.who
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】判斷是什么句子最關(guān)鍵,這個(gè)句子是由know引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有連接代詞和連接副詞。因?yàn)閺木洳糠秩鄙贍钫Z(yǔ)成分,答案就出來(lái)了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表達(dá)。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where
C.what
D.why
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查名詞性從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語(yǔ)從句在考試中也是很常見(jiàn)的,要注意賓語(yǔ)是句子的一個(gè)重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)句子就稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)從句。一般情況下,賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ) 的賓語(yǔ),也可做主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來(lái)判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)從句中的for后缺少賓語(yǔ),用what引導(dǎo),what與for連用,表示目的。故選A?!究键c(diǎn)定位】考查名詞性從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種,名詞性從句還包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。可以根據(jù)從句在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥?lái)判斷名詞性從句的類(lèi)型。isn’t后跟一個(gè)從句作表語(yǔ),what在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);why和when作狀語(yǔ)。介詞for后缺少賓語(yǔ),因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what
B.who
C.that D.whoever B.whom
C.why
D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,請(qǐng)確定查看水面下有什么?通??傆幸恍┦^或樹(shù)枝藏在水里。此處的what指代的是樹(shù)枝或石頭,B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)用于指人,that 只有語(yǔ)法意義。句式上,該句用了(If 從句,祈使句)的句式,非謂語(yǔ)to investigate 后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的表達(dá)。分析賓語(yǔ)從句的成分可以發(fā)現(xiàn),空格所做的成分是主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)下一句的表述中的樹(shù)枝和石頭,可以得出答案是what.【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
【名師點(diǎn)睛】判斷是什么句子最關(guān)鍵,這個(gè)句子是由investigate引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)閺木洳糠謎s 前面缺少成分,答案就出來(lái)了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表達(dá)。
5.【2015·重慶】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:我們必須弄明白什么時(shí)候來(lái),因此我們能給他預(yù)定房間。Find out 后面跟著賓語(yǔ)從句。
C.where D.why 根據(jù)句意選when。【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】 賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞的考查,賓語(yǔ)從句一共分為三類(lèi),一由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句;二是由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,who,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。三由if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。首先要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)確實(shí)是哪一類(lèi),再根據(jù)具體的信息來(lái)確實(shí)用哪一個(gè),是否符合當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)境。
6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。通常情況下,賓語(yǔ)從句如果是由陳述句變來(lái)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo);如果由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)則用whether/if;而由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)則用特殊疑問(wèn)詞。通過(guò)四個(gè)選項(xiàng),排除1、2兩種情況。而特殊疑問(wèn)詞的選擇則要求對(duì)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容有著全盤(pán)的掌握。此句中,主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)并不缺少,故選項(xiàng)C、D是錯(cuò)誤的,再根據(jù)句意,只有B最為恰當(dāng)。
7.【2015·陜西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】
【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種,解答這類(lèi)題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。確定這是什么從句,再通過(guò)判斷從句中缺少的內(nèi)容決定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。通常如果名詞性從句缺少主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候用what連接。
8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句中I是主語(yǔ),wonder是謂語(yǔ),how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中做賓語(yǔ)。連接副詞How是賓語(yǔ)從句中的方式狀語(yǔ)。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的,所以是針對(duì)方式題提問(wèn)的,故用how。根據(jù)句意---我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎么保持著身材的。--通過(guò)每天鍛煉。故選C 【考點(diǎn)定位】考查賓語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】賓語(yǔ)從句算是高考中一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的考點(diǎn),引導(dǎo)詞主要的選擇方法是看賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在主句中做什么成分,不同的引導(dǎo)詞表達(dá)的意思也不相同。通常賓語(yǔ)從句的前面會(huì)有一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞后面可以直接接上賓語(yǔ),但是也要結(jié)合具體情況進(jìn)行具體分析。
9.【2015·江蘇】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:李白是中國(guó)一位偉大的詩(shī)人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不愿接受這一事實(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位語(yǔ),is前面是主語(yǔ)從句。比較選項(xiàng)只有where符合句意,where在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)。【考點(diǎn)定位】名詞性從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】此題由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得稍顯復(fù)雜,因此要求考生能夠排除結(jié)構(gòu)干擾,看清考點(diǎn)還是考查名詞性從句連接詞的選擇,然后根據(jù)“從句部分缺什么補(bǔ)什么的原則選則連接詞”這一根本原則,同時(shí)結(jié)合句意,迅速鎖定正確答案。
10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how
C.why
D.If
【考點(diǎn)定位】主語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】主語(yǔ)從句分多種,解題時(shí)要分析原題空中缺少的是何種狀語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)題考生首先要利用主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系判別,尤其是連詞在從句中的功能,由于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞功能有所分別,較為容易抉擇,但有的連詞的形式一樣,但具有不同意思,這就需要考生仔細(xì)甄別,充分利用與之相關(guān)內(nèi)容或與其搭配相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)的意思。
2014年高考英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)解析精編版
專(zhuān)題10名詞性從句
1.【2014·全國(guó)大綱卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意:準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō),土豆是什么時(shí)候被傳到歐洲的還不確定,但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)??键c(diǎn):考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】從句分多種,主語(yǔ)從句在考試中也是很常見(jiàn)的,要注意主語(yǔ)是句子的一個(gè)重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)句子就稱(chēng)之為主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來(lái)判斷出是何種名詞性從句。從而來(lái)選出合適的連接詞。
2.【2014·重慶卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】
項(xiàng)。故本題選擇B項(xiàng)。why表示“原因”。考點(diǎn):考查同位語(yǔ)從句的用法?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】 一般來(lái)說(shuō),在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后,用以說(shuō)明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本題中的idea可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞,做好此類(lèi)題先分析從句的成分,然后再選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。
3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句,考查方式為連接詞。句意:有些人認(rèn)為以前或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情將來(lái)還會(huì)重復(fù)發(fā)生。根據(jù)題干信息,“過(guò)去發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情,將來(lái)仍然會(huì)重復(fù)”,賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),并且指的是事件,所以選用A。考點(diǎn):考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
【名師點(diǎn)睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語(yǔ)從句在考試中也是很常見(jiàn)的,要注意賓語(yǔ)是句子的一個(gè)重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí),這個(gè)句子就稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)從句。一般情況下,賓語(yǔ)從句可作謂語(yǔ) 的賓語(yǔ),也可做主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來(lái)判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】
B.when B.whenever.D.however
D.why
考點(diǎn):考查表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查表語(yǔ)從句的用法,表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+ 連系動(dòng)詞+ 關(guān)聯(lián)詞+ 表語(yǔ)從句”。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)該分析句子成分,指出主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ),看缺少何種成分。
5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:我認(rèn)為關(guān)于他的畫(huà)給我印象最深的是他使用的顏色。在主語(yǔ)從句中what做主語(yǔ),指代物;that 只起連接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一個(gè);who做主語(yǔ),指代人;本從句中缺少主語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,物做主語(yǔ)。所以選A??键c(diǎn):考查主語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況。主語(yǔ)從句是在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句,這個(gè)從句就叫做主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)。所以做此類(lèi)題時(shí)看題中是否缺少成分,在選擇連接詞。
6.【2014·山東卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:imagine后需要一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),“l(fā)ife was like?”做imagine的賓語(yǔ)需要一個(gè)不做句子成分的引導(dǎo)詞,同時(shí)這個(gè)句子中l(wèi)ike缺少賓語(yǔ),所以空格處缺少一個(gè)兼詞what。句意為:很難想象古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。故答案選B??键c(diǎn):考查賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況,賓語(yǔ)從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi):動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句.What, whatever,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),做題時(shí)看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判斷出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
考點(diǎn):考查定語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中which的用法,which所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等也就是說(shuō)做題時(shí)要注意句子中是否缺少主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)等成分,然后判斷關(guān)系代詞,學(xué)生要注意分析定語(yǔ)從句在不同情況下的應(yīng)用,才能面對(duì)更多的題型。
8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when
B.how
C.why
D.where 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析: A何時(shí);B誰(shuí);C為什么;D哪兒。系動(dòng)詞is后是表語(yǔ)從句,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為連接副詞,故判斷缺少狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)題干中給出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”說(shuō)的是出生的地點(diǎn),故答案選D。句意:奶奶指著醫(yī)院說(shuō),“那就是我出生的地方。” 考點(diǎn):考查表語(yǔ)從句的用法。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查表語(yǔ)從句的用法,表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+ 連系動(dòng)詞+ 關(guān)聯(lián)詞+ 表語(yǔ)從句”。做此類(lèi)題時(shí)應(yīng)該分析句子成分,指出主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ),看缺少何種成分。
9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
【知識(shí)拓展】
在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi):動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問(wèn)詞(what,how,where,when...)。
考點(diǎn):考查賓語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況,賓語(yǔ)從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi):動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句.What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),做題時(shí)看句子中是否缺少成分。學(xué)生必須仔細(xì)斟酌句子成分,然后再作判斷。
10.【2014·江蘇卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句用法。本題考查的是表語(yǔ)從句,注意動(dòng)詞make后接雙賓語(yǔ),即make sb.sth.故用關(guān)系詞what來(lái)引導(dǎo)。句意:——怎么這么亂??!你總是這么懶!——我不應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備,媽媽。我是你使得我這樣的。故B正確??键c(diǎn):考名詞性從句用法
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查考生對(duì)名詞性從句的掌握情況,做名詞性從句的題時(shí),先劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出從句是什么,然后看主句完整不完整,如果主句不完整,就是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句三者之一;如果主句完整,就是同位語(yǔ)從句。這里就是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句,從句子成分中分析出正確答案。
11.【2014·陜西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】試題分析:考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:被延誤的航班何時(shí)起飛依天氣而定。題干中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為depends,為此前面是主語(yǔ)從句。Why在主語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ);when在主語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);that在主語(yǔ)從句中不做任何成分;what在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷主語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故選B.When
C.That
D.What B.what
C.that
D.who B。
考點(diǎn):考查主語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查考生對(duì)主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句是在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句,這個(gè)從句就叫做主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。本題 when在主語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),所以做此類(lèi)題時(shí)看題中是否缺少成分,再選擇連接詞。
12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what
D.where
考點(diǎn):考查名詞性從句用法
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查考生對(duì)名詞性從句的掌握情況,定語(yǔ)從句作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞或整個(gè)句子,同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容的句子。本題中說(shuō)的那個(gè) “句子中賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)用一個(gè)句子來(lái)代替就是該種從句”用一個(gè)句子來(lái)代替賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ),那就屬于主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)性從句了。所以做題時(shí)仔細(xì)分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】
【知識(shí)拓展】這四個(gè)詞在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,它在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,它在從句中作狀語(yǔ);that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,它在從句不做成分,沒(méi)有詞義;whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,它在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不做成分,但是有“是否”的含義??键c(diǎn):考查表語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】本題考查考生對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的掌握情況,表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。
表語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。表語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)句子在整個(gè)句子中處于表語(yǔ)的位置,通常情況下放在系動(dòng)詞之后。英語(yǔ)中的系動(dòng)詞不多,放在系動(dòng)詞后面的句子、單詞、詞組通常作的是表語(yǔ)。最常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞。所以做題時(shí)仔細(xì)分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
2013年高考英語(yǔ)試題分類(lèi)匯編之單項(xiàng)填空
專(zhuān)題10—名詞性從句
1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句,指代belief的具體內(nèi)容,同時(shí)從句中不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo),這里選B項(xiàng)。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句不一樣,同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)同位詞內(nèi)容的說(shuō)明不是修飾,同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中做成分,做賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候可以省略。注意二者的區(qū)別。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處you said 需要賓語(yǔ)。describes a bright future for the company需要主語(yǔ),只有what能滿(mǎn)足要求。句意:你會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話(huà)是對(duì)公司發(fā)展前景的一個(gè)很好的描述。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】考查名詞性從句的連接詞要學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分。如果主語(yǔ)從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語(yǔ)從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 試題分析:考查名詞性從句。題干中it作形式主語(yǔ),所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分,但其意思是:是否,用whether引導(dǎo),故選D。句意:新成立的委員會(huì)的政策是否能夠付諸實(shí)施還有待觀察。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。根據(jù)句意可知需要whether,而且It remains to be seen whether可以當(dāng)成固定句型記憶。
4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A.That B.It C.What D.Which 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。________ struck me most 是主語(yǔ)從句,在這個(gè)從句中缺主語(yǔ),因此用what引導(dǎo)。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看從句的成分。如果從句缺少主賓表,用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學(xué)生要會(huì)分析句子成分。
5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where
C.how
D.what 的數(shù)量,故選D。句意:警察已經(jīng)找到了好像是失蹤的古代雕像的東西。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據(jù)found可知后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,只起到連接的作用,不做成分。
6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that
C.which
D.where 【答案】A 【解析】
【名師點(diǎn)睛】解答名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據(jù)tell可知后面是賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句中形容詞close前面缺少修飾語(yǔ)。用how對(duì)它進(jìn)行修飾。
7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。句中的it是形式主語(yǔ),________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主語(yǔ),用引導(dǎo)詞that。句意:非常高興知道,我們不在的時(shí)候這些狗會(huì)被照顧得很好?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類(lèi)題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。
8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句中主語(yǔ)從句連接詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知,此句的謂語(yǔ)是is,其前是主語(yǔ)從句,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞want后缺賓語(yǔ),故用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意:我想告訴你的是我對(duì)我父母的深深的愛(ài)和尊敬。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】如果主語(yǔ)從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語(yǔ)從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學(xué)生要會(huì)分析句子成分。表語(yǔ)從句也是這樣。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A.why B.how C.because D.whether 【答案】C 【解析】 試題分析:考查表語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)境中“地球表面約71%被水覆蓋”和“從太空上看,地球是藍(lán)色的”之間是因果關(guān)系,故用because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。解答這類(lèi)題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。is之前為主語(yǔ)從句,該從句缺主語(yǔ),指的是事物,所以選B?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句,通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類(lèi)題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。連接主語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問(wèn)詞(what how where when...)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的主語(yǔ)從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”,引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句。連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述。連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。believe后的賓語(yǔ)從句陳述的是一個(gè)事實(shí),并且從句中不缺成分,所以只需填入關(guān)系詞that即可。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】賓語(yǔ)從句屬于名詞性從句一種,賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that, whether, if在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,只起連接作用;連接代詞who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever)在句中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ);連接副詞when, why, where, how,在句中做狀語(yǔ)。應(yīng)從上下句的句法關(guān)系著手分析,同時(shí)注意賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題。
第三篇:名詞性從句教案
名詞性從句包括:
主語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句
? The question is who can complete the difficult task.? He has no idea what a remarkable woman Mary is.? That she was able to come made us very happy.? He objected that it was impossible.一、主語(yǔ)從句
1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)
That she was chosen made us very happy.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.【注】 “that”在主語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分,但放在句首時(shí)不能省略。
2、問(wèn):怎么才能 that 不放在句首呢?
答:有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免“頭重腳輕”,常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面。
It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.試試看:新產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售得好不好取決于它的質(zhì)量和價(jià)格。
It作形式主語(yǔ)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu):
1、It+ be +形容詞+ that從句
It is strange that he knows nothing about it.2、It+ be +名詞+ that從句
It is a pity that they have failed in the match.3、It+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+ that從句
It depends on its quality and price whether a new product sells well.4、It+動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)+ that從句
It is still unknown which team will win the match.作文常用句式:
1、It turned out that...結(jié)果是?
2、It has been proved that...已經(jīng)證明?
3、It is well-known that...眾所周知?
4、It must be pointed out that...必須指出?
二、表語(yǔ)從句
1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ)
The reason is that you don’t trust her.This is where I disagree.例:The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied. reason 后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that 引導(dǎo), 不能用because 引導(dǎo), 但reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句可以用why。
2、表語(yǔ)從句不能用if引導(dǎo),但可用as if引導(dǎo)。例如: He looked as if he was going to cry.三、賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從
句一般放在動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞后。
She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.【注】
① 有時(shí)要用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把賓語(yǔ)從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.①
如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問(wèn)詞引
導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)詞要放在句首。
What do you think is going on outside? ③
I/We(don’t)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語(yǔ)從句
時(shí),反義疑問(wèn)句要與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? ④ 在賓語(yǔ)從句中,引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一樣,但介詞后的賓語(yǔ)
從句多用whether。
It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.⑤ 動(dòng)詞doubt如用于肯定句,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用if/whether引導(dǎo),如用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句,則賓語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。
I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match.I don’t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.四、同位語(yǔ)從句
在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problemin, formation 等名詞后面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.?
引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞用that時(shí),不能省略,不能用which替代
1.引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別
? what從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等)what=all that/everything that ? that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.2.引導(dǎo)詞if和whether的區(qū)別
? whether或if均可表示“是否”的情況如下:
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.? 只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情況:
? 在表語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.? 在同位語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.Answer my question whether you are coming.? 在主語(yǔ)從句中。例如:
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.如果用it作形式主語(yǔ),則whether和if都能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
例如:It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.? 用于句型“名詞+as to + whether”中。例如:
There is some question as to whether the public should be told about the accident.? 后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如:
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.? 后面緊接or not時(shí)。例如:
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.? 用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)。例如:
Please let me know if you like it.該句有兩個(gè)意思 “請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡”或 “如果你喜歡,請(qǐng)告 訴我”用了 whether就可以避免歧義。3.引導(dǎo)詞who與whoever的區(qū)別
whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于anyone who或those who,它
既是從句的主語(yǔ),又是主句的主語(yǔ)。而who只作從句的主語(yǔ),它
引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語(yǔ)。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesn’t make much difference to me.4.引導(dǎo)詞what與whatever的區(qū)別
whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),與what差不多,只是語(yǔ)氣上更強(qiáng)
些,有“任何一切??”之意。
? This is exactly what I want.? It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.5.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
同位語(yǔ)從句本身完整,定語(yǔ)從句不完整,因此其前的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中通常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.從結(jié)構(gòu)看,同位語(yǔ)從句常由連接詞that引導(dǎo),雖在從句中不充 當(dāng)任何成分,但不可省略。而定語(yǔ)從句中由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),代替先行 詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)),充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)??墒÷?。6.It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較
將 “it is/was?that?”去掉后,句子仍然成立的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.7.whoever與no matter who;whatever與no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)
從句;no matter who和no matter what只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whatever(=No matter what)you may think,I’m going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.9.名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)氣
(1)在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...+that從句中,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+原形動(dòng)詞”表虛擬語(yǔ)氣,且should 可省略。
It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.(2)表示“建議、命令、要求”意義的動(dòng)詞,后接that從句時(shí),從句
中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“should+原形動(dòng)詞”,且should 可省略。
Bob’s doctor suggests that he(should)rest for a few days.(3)表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞,后接that從句時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。
這類(lèi)名詞有:advice,agreement,command,decision,demand, determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.同樣,如主語(yǔ)是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞,那么that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
Her suggestion was that they(should)carry on their conversation in French.
第四篇:名詞性從句教案
新課程與創(chuàng)新教學(xué)活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)大賽
類(lèi)型: 語(yǔ)法
烏魯木齊外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校(第十二中學(xué))
趙麗
名詞性從句學(xué)案
一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
1、本階段大綱要求
近年來(lái),引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞及連接副詞為高考必考項(xiàng)目。此語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目除單選外,完形,短文改錯(cuò)也考。另外學(xué)好它,對(duì)閱讀理解是大有好處的。名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句
2、本階段重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)
1表命令建議order,(命令),suggestion, advice(建議)
的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句 2.that.whether的區(qū)別 3.What, that, which 4:that 的省略
5: whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 6:because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 7: 名詞性從句皆用陳述語(yǔ)序
二、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)體系、重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容、題的類(lèi)型及解題方法等 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)體系
名詞性從句的連接詞按其在從句中所起的作用分為:
1)連接代詞:who(-ever), what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose 2)連接副詞:when, where, why, how 3)連接詞:that, whether, if 連接代詞和連接副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,而連接詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用
名詞性從句的難點(diǎn)把握
1由whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句相當(dāng)于帶有定語(yǔ)從句的名詞詞組:
whoever=anyone who?“任何??的人”;whomever是whoever的賓格形式 whatever=anything that? “任何??的物”
whichever=any ? that? “任何??的(已知范圍內(nèi)的或上文提到過(guò)的)人或物” that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.The suggestion(that/which)he raised at the meeting is very good.對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)上句中的that只起連接作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,因此它引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,其中that不能省略;下句中that不僅起引導(dǎo)作用,同時(shí)在從句中還充當(dāng)了動(dòng)詞raised的賓語(yǔ),因此它是定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)that可用which代替,又因其在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),故又可省略。
2.名詞性從句中的what和that what和that的選用一直是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),正確選擇的關(guān)鍵是看該從句結(jié)構(gòu)是否相對(duì)完整、是否缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分而定。he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.That he said nothing at the meeting surprised everybody present.The problem is what we should do to protect the ear What th.The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth.3.名詞性從句中的whether和if 在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中遇“是否”句用whether引導(dǎo)而不用if;在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether和if??蓳Q用。4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議或要求”等詞義出現(xiàn)時(shí),不管是在哪一種從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形,其中should可省略。常用詞有insist, suggest, order, demand等。三. 教學(xué)步驟。1.復(fù)習(xí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。
帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)一下英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中的五種簡(jiǎn)單句型結(jié)構(gòu)以及主從復(fù)合句和并列句,并分清楚他們之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。
簡(jiǎn)單句 S + V
He fled.S + V + O
He didn’t invite me.S + V + P
I am a teacher.S + V + Oo
He promised me a bike as my birthday gift.S + V + O + C
I want you to assist me.簡(jiǎn)單句 + 并列連詞
+簡(jiǎn)單句
→ 并列句
簡(jiǎn)單句 + 并列連詞
+ 主從復(fù)合句 → 并列句
2.分辨句子。從以下所給的例題中選出名詞性從句并標(biāo)明是哪種名詞性從句。
1.The people invited to the ball may dress __ they please.賓從
A.however
B.whatever
C.wherever
D.whenever 2.I can't quite remember __ you started doing the work.賓從
A.that it was when
B.when it was that C.when was it that
D.that was it when 3.Please tell me ________ you would like to have your coffee, black or white? 賓從
A.what
B.whether
C.when
D.how 4.Is this the factory _______ you visited the other day? 定從 A.in which
B.which
C.where
D.the one 5.But the fact remains ________ we are behind other groups.同位語(yǔ)從句 A.that
B.when
C.what
D.it 6.We leave it to your own judgment _______ you should do it.賓從 A.because
B.that
C.whether
D.what 7.This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.定從 A.where
B.which
C.that
D.in that A.regard that
B.consider that
C.look that
D.treat what 8.____ has made China ____ she is today? 主從
A.What, that
B.That, what
C.What, what
D.That, that 9.______ frightened us ____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness.主從 表從
A.It was, that B.What, most was that
C.It, mostly that
D.What, most was what 10.They are good friends.____ is no wonder that they know each other so well.主從
A.This
B.That
C.There
D.It 11.It was ______ he said ______ that disappointed me.強(qiáng)調(diào)句 主從
A.what;that
B.that;that
C.what;what
D.that;what 12.He has given us a suggestion ____ we should buy a cottage in the country with the money _________we have saved.同位語(yǔ)從句 定從
A.that , what
B.which, which
C./, which
D.that, /
13.She is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ______you have told him.賓從 定從
A.that, that
B.what, that
C.what, which
D.which, what 14.The reason __ we were late is __ we missed the train.定從 表從
A.why;because
B.why;that
C.why;why
D.that;that 因高三為復(fù)習(xí)課,所以在復(fù)習(xí)完基本句型的基礎(chǔ)上作此練習(xí),可以幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)一步去熟悉句型結(jié)構(gòu),為名詞性從句的掌握打下基礎(chǔ)。三.做題,討論,自我總結(jié)。
在這一板塊,先給學(xué)生8分鐘時(shí)間完成上述題目,之后三人小組討論進(jìn)行答案分析,然后老師給出正確答案,并對(duì)學(xué)生自己無(wú)法解決的題目進(jìn)行講解。然后,再次進(jìn)入討論環(huán)節(jié),并進(jìn)行自我總結(jié),總結(jié)出在做名詞性從句當(dāng)中須注意的點(diǎn)。1.連詞的選用。1.名詞性從句的連接詞按其在從句中所起的作用分為:
1)連接代詞:who(-ever), what(-ever), which(-ever), whom(-ever), whose 2)連接副詞:when, where, why, how 3)連接詞:that, whether, if 連接代詞和連接副詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,而連接詞在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用
2.名詞性從句需使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。3.連詞if和 whether 的區(qū)別。
A 在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。
B 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。
C 在介詞后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔(dān)心是否會(huì)失去工作。
D 賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用whether。如:
例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。
E 用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
5.表命令建議order,(命令),suggestion, advice(建議)
的詞后跟的從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣sb should do, should 可以省略 一主張:insist 二命令:order command 三建議:suggest advise recommend 四命令:desire demand require request 6.that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.The suggestion(that/which)he raised at the meeting is very good.對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)上句中的that只起連接作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,因此它引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,其中that不能省略;下句中that不僅起引導(dǎo)作用,同時(shí)在從句中還充當(dāng)了動(dòng)詞raised的賓語(yǔ),因此它是定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)that可用which代替,又因其在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),故又可省略。四.鞏固練習(xí)。五.課后反思。
因?yàn)槭歉呷膶W(xué)生,所以本節(jié)課主要以復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí)和鞏固練習(xí)為主,而且在整節(jié)課中以學(xué)生為主體,讓學(xué)生去活動(dòng)以得出最后的知識(shí),效果較好。但是因?yàn)橛械膶W(xué)生基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)較差,在活動(dòng)中參與性不強(qiáng)。
第五篇:名詞性從句 (教案)
名詞性從句(教案)
在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句,通稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渥又兴鸬淖饔?,可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
關(guān)于what 所引導(dǎo)的名詞從句
what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),可表示兩種意義:一是疑問(wèn)意義,即“什么”;二是表示“?的東西”、“?事情”,相當(dāng)于the thing which.Do you know what that is ? This is what he has asked for.主語(yǔ)從句
主語(yǔ)從句可以直接放在主語(yǔ)的位置上;也可以用it 作形式主語(yǔ),而將從句放在句末。That 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的尤為多見(jiàn)。1)That light travels in straight lines is known to all.It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.2)When the plane is to take off has not been announced.It has not been announced when the plane is to take off.用it 作形式主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)
it 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句已經(jīng)形成下面的四種固定用法: 1)It is +名詞+從句 It is a fact that ? 2)It is +形容詞+從句 It is necessary that.? 3)It is +過(guò)去分詞+從句 It is said ?
4)It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句 It seems that ?
注意:不要將強(qiáng)調(diào)句里的強(qiáng)調(diào)詞it 和形式主語(yǔ)it 混淆起來(lái)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句是it is(was)+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that(who)?。John bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.It was John that(who)bought a toy plane for his son yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))
It was a toy plane that John bought for his son yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))
It was for his son that John bought a toy plane yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ))
It was yesterday that John bought a toy plane for his son.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
賓語(yǔ)從句
1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ):
Everybody knows that matter takes up space.2.作介詞賓語(yǔ):
This depends on how hard you work.3.作形容詞賓語(yǔ):
They are confident that they can do it well.4.要注意的問(wèn)題:
1)引導(dǎo)詞that的省略:
I think(that)you are right.2)形式賓語(yǔ)it:
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.3)否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移:
think, believe, suppose, expect, I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.4)插入語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)句:
I think that John will arrive at five o’clock.When do you think John will arrive? They said that they had cleaned the classroom.What did they say they had done?
表語(yǔ)從句
1.和be, seem, remain, look聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用的表語(yǔ)從句:
My idea is that this plan should be carried out immediately.It looks that it is going to rain.2.Where, why, how 等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句: That is why we called off the meeting.This is how we did it.注:主語(yǔ)是reason的表語(yǔ)從句that 要用引導(dǎo),不要誤用because: The reason(why)he was late was that he missed the bus.(不能用because)
同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句用于表示名詞的內(nèi)容,對(duì)其加以解釋。常見(jiàn)的詞有:fact, idea, news, conclusion.The doctor came to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from cancer.The discovery that every heavenly body has gravity was made by Newton.注:同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明;定語(yǔ)從句則是對(duì)前面名詞的修飾和限定。
The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定語(yǔ)從句)