第一篇:系動詞的分類及用法大全
新概念英語:系動詞的分類及用法大全
系動詞
系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞(Link Verb),作為系動詞,它本身有詞義,但不能單獨用作謂語,后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語),構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明:
有些系動詞又是實義動詞,該動詞表達(dá)實義時,有詞義,可單獨作謂語,例如: He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞,后跟補足語,說明主語情況。)He fell off the ladder.他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞,單獨作謂語。1)狀態(tài)系動詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞,例如: He is a teacher.他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)2)持續(xù)系動詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.他開會時總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一個謎。3)表像系動詞
用來表示“看起來像”這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired.他看起來很累。
He seems(to be)very sad.他看起來很傷心。4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft.這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.這朵花聞起來很香。5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣,變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:
He became mad after that.自那之后,他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time.她沒多長時間就富了。6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove, trun out, 表達(dá)“證實”,“變成”之意,例如: The rumor proved false.這謠言證實有假。The search proved difficult.搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success.他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結(jié)果)英語系動詞的功能主要是把表語(名詞、形容詞、某些副詞、非謂詞、介詞短語、從句)和它的主語聯(lián)系在一起,說明主語的屬性、特征或狀態(tài)。它有自己的但不完全的詞義,不能在句中獨立作謂語,必須和后面的表語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。它雖是虛詞,但是其用法是復(fù)雜的,而且不可忽視。許多英語初學(xué)者會因此出現(xiàn)這樣那樣的錯誤,然而許多語法書卻沒作專門系統(tǒng)的介紹。因此,我們有必要小結(jié)一下英語系動詞用法,以便大家參考。我想從以下四個方面歸納一下英語系動詞的用法:I、常見系動詞錯誤及其成因;II、系動詞分類;III、系動詞用法應(yīng)注意的8個問題;IV、系動詞與高考及其練習(xí)。I、常見系動詞錯誤及其成因:
學(xué)英語的中國學(xué)生在使用系動詞時會碰到以下兩個問題:一是有漏掉系動詞的傾向性,因為漢語中無系動詞,如:
I afraid he won’t come tomorrow(am)二是誤用系動詞,如:
His hair changed grey.(混淆了change 與turn,grow)His hands feel coldly.(feel本身作系動詞與實義動詞的差別不清)這主要是因為學(xué)生沒有把英語中的系動詞與實義動詞的用法區(qū)分開來。二者結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別如下表,其后所接詞性不盡相同,成份也不同。II.系動詞分類:
一、根據(jù)系動詞后所跟結(jié)構(gòu),我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類:完全系動詞(其后只能跟表語的動詞,如be, seem)和半系動詞(其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法,也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用,如look)He looked sad at the news.(“看起來”,系動詞用法)例如:1)
He looked sadly at the boy.(“看著”,實義動詞用法)He looks a clever boy.(“看起來”,系動詞用法)2)
He looks at a clever boy.(“看著”,實義動詞用法)
在英語中,某一動詞是多義詞,既有實義動詞用法,又有系動詞用法。學(xué)生務(wù)必弄清其二者區(qū)別。切忌把二者混為一談,這也是會考、高考常見考點。此類常見易混詞有: change listen look touch ① turn ② hear ③ see ④ become sound seem feel eat continue last remain ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ continue ⑧ stay taste keep remain leave
二、根據(jù)系動詞的意義,我們把英語系動詞分為四類: A.五大感官系動詞 B.狀態(tài)系動詞 C.動態(tài)系動詞 D.雙謂語系動詞
A.五大感官系動詞,描述一種感官性質(zhì)。由實義感官動詞變化而來,都是半系動詞。1.look“看起來像是”,后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇,看上去若有所思。2.smell“聞起來”,后接adj.分詞。The flowers smell sweet.這些花氣味真香。3.sound“聽起來”,后接adj.分詞。The music sounds sweet.這首詩聽起來真悅耳。4.taste“嘗起來”,后接adj.分詞。The apples taste very good.這些蘋果很好吃。
5.feel①“摸起來,給??感覺”;②“覺得”,后接adj./p.p.The silk feels very soft.絲綢摸起來很滑。
You will feel better after a night’s sleep.睡上一晚,你會覺得好些。B.狀態(tài)系動詞: 1.be,“是”,屬完全系動詞。I am a student.我是一個學(xué)生。
2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系動詞。They seem quite happy.他們似乎很快樂。
3.a(chǎn)ppear,“顯得,看起來好像”,半系動詞。He appeared tired and sleepy.他顯得疲倦而且好像要睡覺了。It appeared(to be)a true story.看來這是一個真實的故事。
The river appears as if enveloped in smog.這條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。
Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem.在我看來,他可能在解決這個問題中起著重要作用。4.keep, “保持??的狀態(tài)”,半系動詞,后接adj或介詞短語。You’d better go to bed and keep warm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”,半系動詞。I remained silent.我仍然緘默。
6.stay“保持(某種狀態(tài))”,半系動詞,后接adj.、過去分詞。The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “證明是”,半系動詞,后接adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful.這種療法證明是成功的。
C.動態(tài)系動詞:都屬于半系動詞,描述狀態(tài)變化過程。1.get“變成,變得??起來”,后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語。The days are getting longer and longer.白天變得越來越長了。
The train didn’t get going again.火車還沒重新啟動。
It’s nothing to get excited about.沒啥可因此而激動的。
My watch gets out of order.我的表出毛病了。2.fall“進(jìn)入(某種狀態(tài)),成為”,后常接以下形容詞: asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent.那位老人說不清自己的意思,就不做聲了。My father fell ill and died.我的父親生病死了。
3.grow“漸漸變得??起來,長得” You will grow used to it.你逐漸會習(xí)慣的。It’s growing warm.天氣漸漸暖和起來了。
4.turn“轉(zhuǎn)變成(新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質(zhì)),變質(zhì)(色)”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.楓葉在秋天變紅了。
It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是陰天,幸好已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)晴了。He has turned writer.他已成為一個作家。
(注意:此時writer之前無冠詞a.)5.go,“變成(某種壞的狀態(tài))” The telephone has gone dead.電話不通了。
The tire went flat.輪胎癟了。
The material has gone a funny colour.這料子的顏色變得奇怪了。
The thieves must not go unpunished.決不能讓這些盜賊逍遙法外。go之后常接的adj.還有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey, naked等。.6.become“變成,成為(好壞均可的情況)” He became angry with me.他對我生氣了。
It became dark.天氣晚了。They became good friends.他們成了好朋友。
I became interested in drawing.我開始對素描感興趣了。7.come,“變成為(已知的狀態(tài)),證實為”,后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語,表示狀態(tài)或情況的變化。
His wish to become a pilot has come true.他想當(dāng)飛行員的愿望實現(xiàn)了。
If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.如果你調(diào)查一下這事,一切都會清楚。My shoelaces have come undone.我的鞋帶松了。
后面常接的形容詞還有:apart, dear(昂貴),natural, open, short, right(好了),unstuck(沒有粘住),untied(松開)。8.run,“變成”,后接adj.The well has run dry.這井已經(jīng)變干了。The price ran high.價格上升了。9.make,“達(dá)到某種狀態(tài)[后接形容詞],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我們一定要弄清事實。
The Children make free with the apples.孩子們隨便吃蘋果。D.雙謂語系動詞
此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能,后接表語,又保留原實義動詞本身的含義。例如: The run rose red.太陽升起紅艷艷。
She stopped and stood quite still.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著。The book lay open on the table.那書在桌子上打開著。
The snow lay thick on the ground.雪厚厚地堆積在地上。He married young.他結(jié)婚很早。
The window blew open.窗戶吹開了。
The dog has broken loose.豿掙脫鎖鏈了。
She blushed as red as a peony.她的臉紅得像一朵牡丹花。Lei Feng died young.雷鋒早逝。
The material has worn thin.這種布料已穿薄了。
The weather continued calm.天氣仍然平靜。
He continued silent.他繼續(xù)沉默不語。
III.系動詞用法應(yīng)注意的八個問題 1.系動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)分情況討論。
一般地說,狀態(tài)系動詞無進(jìn)行時態(tài),而動態(tài)系動詞有進(jìn)行時態(tài),而動態(tài)系動詞有進(jìn)行時態(tài)。但是在某些情況下,狀態(tài)系動詞也有進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示兩個用途:一是表示一種短暫的、反常的狀態(tài)。如:
He is being kind.他裝出和藹可親的樣子(一時而不能持久的性質(zhì))
二是表示一種探詢口氣,使語言客氣、生動、親切。例如: I hope you are keeping well.(語氣委婉)我希望你保持健康。
Are you feeling any better?(語氣親切)你感覺好了些嗎? 試比較:
Your hand feels cold.(無意識的靜態(tài)性質(zhì)。)你的手摸起來冰涼。不可以說:
Your hand is feeling cold.(×)但可以說:
The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意識的動態(tài)動作)醫(yī)生正在給她拿脈。
The soup tastes good.(靜態(tài)性質(zhì),無進(jìn)行時)這湯的味道不錯。
The cook is tasting the soup.(動態(tài)動作,有進(jìn)行時)廚師在嘗湯的味道。
總之,系動詞有無進(jìn)行時態(tài)應(yīng)隨系動詞的意義或其語境變化而變化。我們在概述某一動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)時,不能籠統(tǒng)地說feel,smell無進(jìn)行時,應(yīng)指出其意義及其語用環(huán)境。例如smell的用法可見一斑。
①smell作“嗅覺”的能力時,雖是實義動詞,但指的是一種性質(zhì)的存在狀態(tài)不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài),常與can, could, be able to連用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.駱駝能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、聞”的動作時,實義動詞,可用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。The girl is smelling the flower.這姑娘正在聞那朵花。③smell指“含有??氣味”,“發(fā)出??氣味”等事物性質(zhì)時,半系動詞,無進(jìn)行時態(tài)。The dinner smells good.這飯菜聞起來真香。
2.系動詞的時態(tài)與形容詞的比較級連用的問題。
某些含有變化意義的動態(tài)系動詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級連用,表示漸進(jìn)過程,其意思是“越來越??”。例如: He is growing taller and taller.他長得越來越高了。
Our life is getting better and better.我們的生活是越來越好了。
The things are getting worse.情況是越來越糟了。
3.所有半系動詞的被動語態(tài)要分情況討論。英語中某動詞在作系動詞用時,無被動語態(tài),而作實義動詞用時,才有被動語態(tài),二者不可混為一談。例如: 不能說:
The apple is tasted good.(因為taste此時是系動詞,“嘗起來”之意,指的是蘋果的性質(zhì),無被動語態(tài))但我們可以說:
The apple is tasted by me.這蘋果被我嘗了一下。
(taste此時指“嘗一嘗”這一動作,有被動語態(tài))因此,在平時的英語教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之,要有意注意半系動詞在具體的語言環(huán)境中到底是系動詞用法還是實義動詞用法,要注意區(qū)分、識別。4.瞬間動態(tài)系動詞能否與時間段連用的問題
英語中某些表示瞬間意義的系動詞不能與“for+時間段,since+時間點,how long until+時間,by + 時間,so far”等直接連用。例如: ①不能說:He has become a teacher for 2 years.應(yīng)改為:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能說:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.應(yīng)改為:He has been a write since 3 years ago.或It is two years since he turned writer.③不能說:He got angry until his child came back home.應(yīng)改為:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.5.系動詞能接幾種表語(從句)
系動詞除了接adj.n.prep.短語,某些adv.以外,還可接以下幾種表語形式: ①能接as if/as though表語從句的系動詞有:look(看起來),smell(聞起來),sound(聽起來),feel(覺得);appear(顯得),seem(似乎)。例如: It looks as if we are going to have snow.看樣子天要下雪了。
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看來好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來似的。
She seemed as if(though)she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看來她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。
It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。
She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。
The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。
It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。
②可用于“It+系動詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如: It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯誤。
It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語。③能用不定式作表語的系動詞有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子們。
He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父親。
He looks to be a young girl of twenty.他看起來像是一個20歲的年輕姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。
My advice proved to be wrong.我的建議證明是錯誤的。
He will grow to like this work gradually.他會逐漸喜歡這個工作的。
④能與there連用的系動詞有:be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那兒好像只有一個房間。
There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎沒有必要走。
6.能用兩種否定形式的系動詞有兩個:seem, appear.舉例說明:
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.7.后接作表語的過去分詞可構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)
能構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)的系動詞通常有兩個:第一個是常見的be(is, am, was等);第二個是get,口語中常用。當(dāng)二者作系動詞用時,它們均表示一種存在狀態(tài),而不表示被動動作;當(dāng)二者作助動詞用時,后接作謂語的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。
Be + P.P??梢杂胓et + P.P.來代替,但是并不是be系動詞總是可以用get來代替。Get + P.P.系表結(jié)構(gòu)常用于以下兩種情況:
1)表示偶然的、突發(fā)性的、意想不到的被動動作的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)The new car got scratched.新車給刮壞了。(表突發(fā)性)
2)表示對自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got wounded while playing football last Saturday.約翰上周星期六踢足球時受了傷。They got married last month.他們上個月結(jié)婚了。
另外,要注意區(qū)分系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。8.幾組易混系動詞的區(qū)別 系動詞的區(qū)別主要從兩個方面作比較,一是其意義,二是其結(jié)構(gòu)。1)get, become, go, turn, grow“變成”;
get: “變得”口語。后接形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、介詞短語、不定式作表語,但不能與名詞直接連用。become:“變成,成為(好壞情況均可)?!焙蠼有稳菰~、名詞、過去分詞作表語,不能與不定式連用。
go: “變成(某種由好到壞的情況)”,后接形容詞、過去分詞、名詞作表語。
Turn: “轉(zhuǎn)變成”強調(diào)與原來不同的、新的變化,如變質(zhì)、變色等。后接形容詞、不帶冠詞的名詞作表語,后不接不定式。grow: “逐漸變得??”,強調(diào)其變化過程。后接形容詞、分詞、不定式,不可直接跟名詞。以上詞的例子見前面相關(guān)詞例。2)look, seem, appear“好像” ①三者作系動詞時在意義上的區(qū)別: look:“好像,看起來”,一般用于非正式場合,側(cè)重指從本身外表特征上由視覺得到的印象。seem :“似乎,好像”,指說話人內(nèi)心的估計與判斷,有一定依據(jù),接近于實際情況。Appear:“顯得,好像”,常用于正式文體中,指某事物或人給他人的表面印象,有時含有實質(zhì)上并非如此之意。例如:
He looks like his father.(指其長相看起來相像)
He seems like his father.(指說話人從個性方面得到的判斷)He appears like his father.(指他的外貌、衣著給他人的印象)②三者作系動詞時在結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)列表分析三者之后所接成份(可帶者打“√”,不可接者打“×”)。例句見前面相關(guān)詞例。
3)keep, remain, stay“保持??狀態(tài)” ①keep系動詞用時“保持??狀態(tài)”,后接adj.或介詞短語其后常見:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy,firm in one’s stand等。
Have you kept well all these years? 這些年來你身體好么?
I hope it will keep fine.我希望天氣繼續(xù)好下去。
In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.為了保持健康,所有學(xué)生都參加體育運動。We’d better keep in touch.我們最好保持聯(lián)系。
②remain,系動詞“仍然存在??狀態(tài)”,后接adj.、過去分詞、名詞或介詞短語,強調(diào)某種狀態(tài)前后無變化。
The door remained closed.門仍然關(guān)著。
Kosovo intensity remained high.科索沃局勢仍然高度緊張。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得當(dāng)了法官,而約翰依舊是漁民。Your room remains like this.你的房間依舊是這樣子。
③stay,作系動詞用時“保持??狀態(tài)”,后接形容詞、分詞。That fellow stayed single.那個小伙子仍保持單身。The door stayed closed.門一直關(guān)著(無比較的持續(xù)狀態(tài))It’s easy to stay hidden.躲起來很容易。
Please stay seated.請繼續(xù)坐著。
后常接的形容詞有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, tight, young, open, awake, still, warm, fine, as high as?,??膳ckeep互換。如:
Stay/keep calm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)IV.系動詞與高考及其練習(xí)1.系動詞出現(xiàn)于單項選擇題中
①The story sounds_________________(MET 89)A.to be true B.as true C.being true D.true ②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91)A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well ③---Are you feeling___________?---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92)A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better ④----Can I join the club, Dad.----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94)A.get B.will get C.get D.will have got ⑤---Do you like the material?----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94)A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt ⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer.It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes ⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98)A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay ⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days.(NMET2003)A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed(以上七題答案分別如下:1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B)2.系動詞與短文改錯(NMET 96)
They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.(were)(NMET 97)I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.(be)3.系動詞鞏固練習(xí)選擇填空:請在A、B、C、D四個選基中選出正確答案。①What you have said_______.A.is sounded interesting B.sounds interesting C.sound interested D.listens interested ②The class begins.Please keep________.A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently ③Look!Several people in the crowd seemed_______.A.to be fighting B.to have fought C.being fought D.having fought ④How _____the song she sings sounds!I have never ______a better voice.A.beautifully, sounded B.beautiful, sounded C.sweet, listened to D.sweet, heard ⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______rather strange.A.is looked B.is seemed C.seems D.is appeared ⑥The new shirt______ right.A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ⑦How happy it_______ for me to be home again after twenty years abroad!A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ⑧John _____driver since two months ago.A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ⑨He _____he felt very _______over the death of the boy.A.seemed that, sad B.seemed as if, sadly C.looked as though, sad D.looked that, sadness ⑩The ice_____ thick on the river.A.is lain B.lay C.laid D.lie ________________________________________ 以下內(nèi)容只有回復(fù)后才可以瀏覽
________________________________________
專項訓(xùn)練
1.—What is Mr Wang like?
—____。
A.He is a teacher
B.He is old and kind
C.He looks like a balloon
D.He likes English
2.What Mr White said sounds____。
A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely
3.The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three。
A.turned B.goes C.became D.went
4.When he was a child he____。
A.grew patience B.was alive C.ran wild D.came true
5.His voice____ as if he has a cold。
A.sounds B.listens C.hears D.seems
6.This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton。
A.is B.looks C.feels D.seems
7.He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month
A.that B.as if C.when D.so far
8.It ____that he was late for the train。
A.looks B.turns C.gets D.seems
9.These apples taste_____。
A.to he good B.to be well C.well D.good
10.—Do you like the shirt?
—Yes, it ____ very soft。
A.feels B.felt C.is feeling D.is felt
11.The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep
A.kept B.got C.fell D.fall
12.When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark。
A.going B.getting C.running D.coming
13.Their plan ____ to be a perfect one。
A.proved B.was proved C.is proving D.proving
14.The flowers in the garden ____ sweet。
A.sound B.taste C.become D.smell
15.She____ like her mother in character。
A.looks B.seems C.is D.feels
16.It____ another fine day tomorrow。
A.seems B.promises C.appears D.looks
17.He ____ much younger than he really is。
A.appears B.grows C.becomes D.turns
18.You____ very pale.Do you feel sick?
A.looked B.are looking C.looking D.are looked
19.His wish to become a driver has ____true。
A.turned B.realized C.come D.grown
20.Her father ____a writer。
A.turned B.grew C.has turned D.has become
答案與分析
以下內(nèi)容只有回復(fù)后才可以瀏覽
1.B What’s...like?是詢問人或事物的性質(zhì)特征情況的交際用語,答語中常含有說明性質(zhì)特征情況的形容詞。
2.A sound表示“聽起來”,后面接形容詞作表語,答案B、C、D均為副詞。
3.D若人或事物的情況變化是永久性的或難以扭轉(zhuǎn)的壞變化時,用系動詞go表示。
4.C run wild是固定搭配,表示“放蕩不羈”。
5.A sound表示“聽起來”,后面接as if 引導(dǎo)的表語從句,表示對主語所表示的特征、狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)作出的反應(yīng)及判斷。
6.C feel作系動詞用時,表示“(東西)摸上去令人有某種感覺”。
7.B as if引導(dǎo)表語從句時,從句謂語動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前,從句謂語用過去完成式。
8.D “ It seems that?” 表示“看起來??”。是固定句型,強調(diào)根據(jù)一定的事實所得出的一種接近于實際情況的判斷。
9.D taste表示“嘗起來”時,是系動詞,后面接形容詞作表語。
10.A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某種感覺”時,是系動詞,用于一般現(xiàn)在時。
11.C fall asleep表示“入睡”,是固定搭配,根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)用過去時。
12.B get表示“逐漸??起來”、“開始??起來”時,是系動詞,多用于進(jìn)行時。
13.A prove表示“證明是”時,是系動詞。
14.D smell表示“有??的氣味”、“散發(fā)氣味”時,是系動詞,后面接形容詞。
15.C belike表示“看起來像”時,既可指外貌,又可指品質(zhì)和特征,側(cè)重于特征。
16.B promise表示“有??的可能”、“給人以??的指望”時,是系動詞,后面接名詞作表語。
17.A appear表示“看起來”時,是系動詞。側(cè)重于在外表給人某種印象,常為“假象”。
18.B look表示“顯得”、“看起來”時,是系動詞,后面接形容詞作表語,用進(jìn)行時態(tài),常帶有感情色彩。
19.C come true是固定搭配,表示“實現(xiàn)”,其中come是系動詞,表示“成為”、“變得”。
20.D become表示“變成”,作系動詞用,在后面作表語的名詞前要加a或an。turn后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)要去掉a(n)。
第二篇:日語動詞分類及用法小結(jié)
日語動詞分類及用法小結(jié)
一、動詞的分類:(四大類)
1、カ變動詞:來る(只有這一個)
2、サ變動詞
a、する(實義動詞)b、詞干+する:勉強する
3、一段動詞:詞尾是る、倒數(shù)第二個假名在い段或え段。起きる、食べる
4、五段動詞:
a、詞尾是る、倒數(shù)第二個假名不在い段或え段。始まる b、詞尾在う段(除上述情況外)。行く
注:還有一種特殊五段動詞的情況,不過按如下方法分辨的話將十分簡單。例:起きる(おきる),詞尾是る,倒數(shù)第二個假名是き(屬于え段),那這個詞就是一段動詞;不過,請看這個詞:焦る(あせる),詞尾是る,倒數(shù)第二個假名是せ(屬于え段),如果按上面的規(guī)則,焦る應(yīng)該歸為一段的是吧,可是這個詞卻是五段的。這類滿足一段動詞要求卻歸為五段的就叫特殊五段動詞。
分辨方法也相當(dāng)簡單:起きるVS焦る,大家注意到?jīng)]有,這二個動詞,雖然都是る結(jié)尾,但它們倒數(shù)第二個假名一個是送出來的(起きる),一個是不送出來的(焦る),而絕大部份滿足一段動詞的要求但倒數(shù)第二個假名是不送出來的情況,多半就是特殊五段動詞了。
二、動詞的各種活動形式
(一)、動詞活用分:
1、第一連用形:ます
2、第二連用形:て
3、未然形:ない
4、可能形:れる/られる
5、被動形:れる/られる
6、意志形:う/よう
7、假定形:ば
8、使役形:せる/させる
9、被動使役:させられる
10、命令形:(?)
(二)、カ變動詞的活用:
1、第一連用形ます: き ます
2、第二連用形て: きて
3、未然形ない: こない
4、可能形れる/られる: こられる
5、被動形れる/られる: こられる
6、意志形う/よう: こよう
7、假定形ば:くれば
8、使役形せる/させる:こさせる
9、被動使役させられる:こさせられる
10、命令形:こい
(三)、サ變動詞的活用:
1、第一連用形ます:し ます
2、第二連用形て:して
3、未然形ない:しない
4、可能形れる/られる:できる(?)
5、被動形れる/られる:される
6、意志形う/よう:しよう
7、假定形ば:すれば
8、使役形せる/させる:させる
9、被動使役させられる:させられる
10、命令形:しろ
(四)、一段動詞的活用:
1、第一連用形ます:詞干+ます
2、第二連用形て:詞干+て
3、未然形ない:詞干+ない
4、可能形れる/られる:詞干+られる
5、被動形れる/られる:詞干+られる
6、意志形う/よう:詞干+よう
7、假定形ば:詞干+れば
8、使役形せる/させる:詞干+させる
9、被動使役させられる:詞干+させられる
10、命令形:詞干+ろ
(五)、五段動詞的活用:
1、第一連用形ます:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖ざ?ます
2、第二連用形て:
a、詞尾是く結(jié)尾的,變?yōu)椁い?b、詞尾是ぐ結(jié)尾的,變?yōu)椁い?c、詞尾是す結(jié)尾的,變?yōu)椁筏?/p>
d、詞尾是う、つ、る結(jié)尾的,變?yōu)椁盲?e、詞尾是ぬ、ぶ、む結(jié)尾的,變?yōu)椁螭?f、行く變?yōu)樾肖盲?/p>
3、未然形ない:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖⒍?ない
4、可能形れる/られる:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖ǘ?る
5、被動形れる/られる:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖⒍?れる
6、意志形う/よう:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖?う
7、假定形ば:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖ǘ?ば
8、使役形せる/させる:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖⒍?せる
9、被動使役させられる:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖⒍?せられる
10、命令形:詞尾變?yōu)橥肖ǘ?/p>
(六):特殊的五段動詞
嘲(あざけ)る 焦(あせ)る 要(い)る 煎(い)る 返(かえ)る 帰(かえ)る 限(かぎ)る 切(き)る
覆(くつがえ)る 蹴(け)る
遮(さえぎ)る 茂(しげ)る 濕(しめ)る 知(し)る 滑(すべ)る 散(ち)る 照(て)る 握(にぎ)る 練(ね)る
罵(ののし)る 入(はい)る 走(はし)る 減(へ)る 參(まい)る
混(ま)じる(只有這個不符合前面說的分辨方式,倒數(shù)第二個假名送出來了。)漲(みなぎ)る
第三篇:常見系動詞的分類及使用特點
常見系動詞的分類及使用特點
系動詞詞義不完整,在句中不能單獨使用(除省略句外),后面必須接有表語,系動詞和表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。常見的系動詞大致可分為三類。
第一類:表示特征或狀態(tài)的,有 be, look, feel, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, turn out(結(jié)果是、證明是)等。
You'll be all right soon.You don't look very well.I feel rather cold.He seems to be ill.It appears that he is unhappy.The roses smell sweet.The mixture tasted horrible.How sweet the music sounds!
The day turned out(to be)a fine one.第二類:表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一種狀態(tài)的變化,有become, get, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run 等。
He became a world-famous scientist.It is getting warmer and warmer.It grew dark.The food has turned bad.Yesterday he suddenly fell ill.Mary's face went red.His dream has come true.The boy's blood ran cold.第三類:表示保持狀態(tài)的,有keep, remain, continue 等。
Keep quiet, children!
The weather continued fine for a long time.It remains to be proved
系動詞后的表語可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞、動名詞、不定式、副詞、介詞短語、詞組、從句,系動詞 be 可用于上述所有情況。如: The people are the real heroes.(名詞)
That's something we have always to keep in mind.(代詞)She is often the first to come here.(數(shù)詞)
She is pretty and wise.(形容詞).The news was surprising.(分詞)
His job is teaching English.(動名詞)
The only method is to give the child more help.(不定式)
I must be off now.(副詞)
The bridge is under construction.(介詞短語)That would be a great weight off my mind.(詞組)This is why he was late.(從句)系動詞的使用特點:
1、所有的系動詞都可接形容詞作表語,此處略舉數(shù)例。
Our future will be beautiful.She looks unhappy today.Do you feel cold? You seem / appear ill.The food tastes delicious.The weather is turning / growing / becoming / getting cold.He often went hungry.2、能用名詞作表語的系動詞有:be, become, turn, sound, remain, seem 等。He was a postman six years ago.He has become a famous doctor.He turned traitor to his country.That sounds a good idea.He remains an ordinary worker.He seems a stranger to me.3、能用不定式作表語的系動詞有:appear, seem, get, prove, remain 等。She appears / seems to be very young.He appears / seems to have caught cold.They got to be friends.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.4、能接從句的有:be, seem, appear, sound, look 等。
That's why he fell ill.My idea is that we should help him.It seems / appears to me that something is wrong.It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house.Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.5、能接介詞短語的有:be, feel, look, sound, taste, remain 等。be 是特別活躍的系動詞,其后可接很多介詞短語作表語。
He is at home / in the library / on the way home / on holiday.The police are after him.He is at work on a new invention.He found the girl was in tears.They are on duty / on strike / on leave.The road is under repair.其它系動詞能和介詞搭配的范圍很小,如: It feels like a rain.It looks like a rain.It sounds like a train going under my room.It tastes of apples.這有蘋果的味道。
The concert remains in my memory.6、能接分詞的系動詞有:be, become, get, grow, seem, appear.His report was surpring / disappointing / delighting / moving / astonishing …
The boy was moved / delighted / surprised / disappointed / astonished.He has become / got / grown / interested in modern physics.He seems / appears drunk.系動詞后接的其它東西,如代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、副詞、詞組,基本都是 be 的用法,其它系動詞幾乎不能這樣用或用法很少,這里就不再多講了。
She appears/ seems to be very young.He appears/ seems to have caught cold.They got to be friends。
The meeting turned out to be successful.The theory proved to be right.Much remains to be done.
第四篇:be動詞用法及相關(guān)練習(xí)題
Be動詞的用法:
現(xiàn)在時 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are(縮略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're),(否定縮略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't), 過去時 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were(過去時否定縮略式 wasn't, weren't), 過去分詞 been, 現(xiàn)在分詞 being
1)be +現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài),例如:
They are having a meeting.他們正在開會。
2)be + 過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài),例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
3)be + 動詞不定式,可表示下列內(nèi)容:
a.表示最近、未來的計劃或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去紐約。
說明: 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態(tài)表達(dá)法。
b.表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.對此你要做出解釋。
c.征求意見,例如:
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復(fù)他?
d.表示相約、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:
構(gòu)成:主語+be+動詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱+am+v-ing
第二人稱+are+v-ing
第三人稱+is+v-ing
定義:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。
可以表示有計劃的未來。也是一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法:
a.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。
We are waiting for you.b.習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。
Mr.Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.c.已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來活動
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已經(jīng)安排了)
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已經(jīng)拿到了)
d.有些動詞(狀態(tài)動詞不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài))
1.表示知道或了解的動詞:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起來”“看上去“appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜愛或不喜愛hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示構(gòu)成或來源的動詞 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的動詞 hear see smell sound taste
6表示擁有的動詞belong to.need.own.possess.want wish
【No.1】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由”be+v-ing"構(gòu)成。be應(yīng)為助動詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
【No.2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的應(yīng)用
在實際運用時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時常用以下幾種情況:
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時,常表示動作正在進(jìn)行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動作正進(jìn)行,這時要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作,且此時有this week, these days等時間狀語,這時常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動作,也為了表達(dá)更生動。此時也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。
【No.3】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的變化
肯定句式:主語+be(am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式:主語+be(am, is, are)+not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問句:Be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?
對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實際情況回答。
c.表示漸變的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don't find B.is missing, don't find C.has lost, haven't found D.is missing, haven't found.答案D.前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時,由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時,瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。
e:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時有時可以用來表示贊嘆或厭煩的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble.他總是惹麻煩.=====================================
The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時最容易出現(xiàn)錯誤的地方在動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們在復(fù)習(xí)的時候要特別注意不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式。
例如:
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e結(jié)尾要去e加ing;
swimming,beginning,putting,要雙寫最后一個字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分單詞直接加ing.有一些特殊變化(或者說以Ie為結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞)的現(xiàn)在分詞〔有3個〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 這些以ie結(jié)尾要去e再把I變y再加ing.
1.The Present Continuous Tense 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時最容易出現(xiàn)錯誤的地方在動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,我們在復(fù)習(xí)的時候要特別注意不規(guī)則動詞的變化形式。
3.例如:
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying。
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同。
has用在第三人稱單數(shù)形式(能轉(zhuǎn)換成it的人稱形式)中;have用在第一人稱和第二人稱中;如果一個句子中有does(或did)的話,has變?yōu)閔ave,does就相當(dāng)于一個還原器。
例句:
has:He has a bag.他有一個書包。
have:I have a pen.我有一知鋼筆。
Do you have a book?你有一本書嗎?
關(guān)于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一個筆記本嗎?
She doesn't have a computer.她沒有一個電腦。
練習(xí)題
(Be動詞)
一、在下面的短文中填上恰當(dāng)be動詞。
I ______ a girl.My name _______ Mary.I ______ in Class 2, Grade 7.I ______ 12 years old.Here ______ my family photo.Look!These ______ my parents and those _______ my grandparents.This boy ______ my brother.He ________ 15 years old now.That ______ my cat, Mimi.It ______ very lovely.二、在下面的題目中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)腂e動詞。(注意Be動詞的時態(tài))1.I ________from Australia.2.She _______ a student.3.Jane and Tom _________my friends.4.My parents _______very busy every day.5._______ there a Chinese school in New York? 6.There _____ some glasses on it.7.There ________many monkeys in the mountain.8.There_________ a beautiful garden in our school.9.I _______ at school just now.10.He ________ at the camp last week.11.We ________ students two years ago.12.They ________ on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.14.There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16.The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There _________some water in the glass.18.There __________ some bread on the table.19.Where ________ your friends yesterday? 20.How old __________ you last year? 21.Which dog ________ yours? 22.Ten and two ________ twelve.、。
一、用am, is, are 填空 1)I _____ a student.2)You ____ a doctor.3)____she from Jinan?
4)_____you American? 5)He _____ in Class 4, Grade 1.6)It_____ a car.7)They ____ cars
8)____ your mother in China? 9)_____your friends in New York? 10)What ____her name?
11)These _____ buses.12)Those _____oranges.13)Where _____ her mother? 14)How old _____your teacher? 15)What class _____ you in? 1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack’s sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this? 10.Whose socks ______ they? 11.That ______ my red skirt.12.Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk.14.Here ______ a scarf for you.15.Here ______ some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling....
第五篇:系動詞be(am,is,are)用法練習(xí)題
一、用am,is,are填空 1.The girl______Jack’s sister.2.The dog_______tall and fat.3.The man with big eyes ______a teacher.4.How _______is your father? 5.Mike and Liu Tao _________at school.6.Whose dress________this? 7.Whose socks________they? 8.That_______my red skirt.9._______your brother in the classroom? 10.-------I _____a boy._______you a boy?------No, I _____not.二、用be的正確形式填空 1.I _____at school just now(剛才).2.He _______at the hotel last week.3.We_______students two years ago.4.They_______on the farm a moment ago(剛才).5.Yang Ling_______eleven years old last year.6.I _____an English teacher now.7.She _____happy yesterday.8.Helen and Nancy _______good friends.9.Look,there ______lots of grapes here.10.There ______some milk in the fridge now.11.There ______an apple on the plate yesterday.12.Here _____some sweaters for you.14.The jeans ______on the desk.15.Today _____the second of June.Yesterday _____the first of June.It _____Children’s Day.All the students ______very excited.