第一篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)

目 錄

1.家庭暴力 2.留守兒童 3.畢業(yè)后就結(jié)婚 4.青奧會(huì) 5.毛筆 6.睡眠 7.乒乓 8.中國(guó)式送禮 9.平遙古城 10.剩女 11.中餐 12.控制情緒 13.三手煙 14.七夕 15.吃火鍋 16.贈(zèng)送禮物 17.下午茶 18.功夫茶 19.筷子歷史 20.八大菜系 21.京劇 22.風(fēng)水 23.十二生肖 24.李白 25.胡同 26.絲綢之路 27.中國(guó)假期 28.中國(guó)扇子 29.洛陽(yáng) 30.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì) 1.【翻譯原文】

家庭暴力(domestic violence)指的是在親密關(guān)系(intimate relationship)中一方對(duì)另一方的虐待。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，受害者是兒童和婦女。在中國(guó)古代，人們認(rèn)為男人有權(quán)利懲罰他的孩子和妻子。廣義上講，家庭暴力不局限于明顯的身體暴力，它也有許多其他的形式。關(guān)于家庭暴力產(chǎn)生的原因，出現(xiàn)了許多不同的理論，比如犯罪者的性格和心理特征。外部因素也有影響，比如犯罪者所處的環(huán)境。然而，沒(méi)有一種理論能涵蓋所有情況。

參考譯文：

Domestic violence refers to the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship.Commonly the victims are children and women.In ancient China, people believe that a man has the right to punish his children and wife.In a broad sense, domestic violence is not limited to obvious physical violence.There are many other forms of violence.Many different theories are brought up as to the causes of domestic violence, such as the perpetrators' personality and mental characteristics.External factors also play a part, such as the perpetrators' surroundings.However, no theory seems to cover all cases.2.【翻譯原文】

大多數(shù)時(shí)候，留守兒童(leftover children)的問(wèn)題很大程度上源于缺乏父母的情感關(guān)懷。通常，孩子由祖父母或父母的朋友、親戚照顧。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們的監(jiān)護(hù)人(guardian)沒(méi)有受過(guò)很好的教育。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，確保孩子健康、吃得好是極重要的任務(wù)。只要孩子平安無(wú)事，他們就被認(rèn)為做得很好了。監(jiān)護(hù)人很少關(guān)心孩子的學(xué)習(xí)、心理需求或精神需求。他們也不花時(shí)間教孩子如何養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣。

【參考譯文】

Most of the time, problems of the leftover children largely arise from a lack of emotional care from their parents.Usually, the children's grandparents or their parent's friends or relatives look after these children.In most cases, their guardians are not well educated.To them，making sure that the children are healthy and fed well is the most important task.As long as the children are safe and sound，they are considered to have done a good job.Guardians seldom care about children's study，psychological needs, or mental demands.Neither do they spend some time to teach kids how to develop good habits.3.【翻譯原文】

越來(lái)越多來(lái)自北京、上海、廣州、沈陽(yáng)和其他一些大城市的大學(xué)生選擇畢業(yè)后就結(jié)婚。這與20世紀(jì)80年代和90年代的情況形成了鮮明的對(duì)比，那時(shí)候很多城市的年輕人都推遲結(jié)婚，直到他們的年齡“足夠大”—在30多歲甚至40多歲的時(shí)候。許多人花時(shí)間尋找有著良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景或好看的相貌的配偶，而不是尋找愛(ài)情。然而，這些選擇畢業(yè)后就結(jié)婚的學(xué)生的父母必須照顧這些小夫妻的日常起居，因?yàn)檫@些年輕人仍然在探索如何作為一家人來(lái)生活。

【參考譯文】

University students in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang and some other big cities are increasingly choosing to get married right after graduating.This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the 1980s and 1990swhen many urban youngsters put off marriage until they were “old enough”一in their 30s or even 40s.Many spent their time looking for spouses with good economic backgrounds or attractive faces, instead of looking for love.However, parents of these students choosing to get married right after graduating have to take care of the couples' daily affairs, as the young people are still figuring out how to live as a family.4.【翻譯原文】

青年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是專為全世界青年人設(shè)立的綜合體育賽事。第二屆夏季青年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)于2014年8月16日至28日在南京舉行。本屆青奧會(huì)的口號(hào)是“分享青春 共筑未來(lái)”;寓意全世界青年人在奧林匹克精神感召下，歡聚一堂，相互切磋，相互鼓勵(lì)，增進(jìn)友誼，共同成長(zhǎng)。吉祥物創(chuàng)意來(lái)自雨花石，意為提倡自然、運(yùn)動(dòng)、健康、快樂(lè)的生活方式;會(huì)徽將南京明城墻城門和江南民居輪廓組合在一起，勾勒出“NANJING”字樣，寓意青春之門。

【參考譯文】

Youth Olympic Games, a comprehensive sports event, is designed for young people all over the world.The second summer youth Olympic Games was held from August 16, 2014 to 28 in Nanjing.Its slogan is “Share the youth, Build the future”, which means the young people around the world in the Olympic spirit, get together and play each other, encourage each other, enhance friendship and grow up together.Its Mascot comes from rain flower stones, advocating a lifestyle of natural, sports, healthy and happy;Its emblem will outline NANJING Ming city wall gate and folk houses together, with the idea of the gate of youth.5.【翻譯原文】

毛筆，是一種源于中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)書寫工具，也逐漸成為傳統(tǒng)繪畫工具。毛筆是漢族人民在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中發(fā)明的。隨著人類社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，勤勞智慧的漢民族又不斷地總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，存其精華，棄其糟粕，勇于探索，敢于創(chuàng)新。幾千年以來(lái)，它為創(chuàng)造漢族民族光輝燦爛的文化，為促進(jìn)漢民族與世界各族的文化交流，做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。毛筆是漢民族對(duì)世界藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)提供的一件珍寶。

【參考譯文】

Writing brush, a traditional writing tool originated from China, has also gradually become a traditional painting tool.Writing brush was invented by the Han people during their production practice.With the constant development of human society, the diligent and intelligent Han people kept summing up the experience.Discarding the dross while assimilating the essence, they strive to explore and blaze new trails.Over thousands of years, writing brush has made great contribution to creating the splendid culture of the Han people and to promoting the cultural exchange between people of all nationalities and the Han people.Writing brush is a treasure that the Han people have provided the world’s arts treasure house.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】

存其精華，棄其糟粕 Discarding the dross while assimilating the essence

勇于探索，敢于創(chuàng)新strive to explore and blaze new trails

光輝燦爛的文化splendid culture

6.【翻譯原文】

我們的身體夜晚需要休息，白天需要清醒。大多數(shù)人每晚需要8到8.5個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠才能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。找到更多的時(shí)間、更好的睡眠方法可能是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)?？茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了80多種不同的睡眠紊亂癥(sleep disorders)。有些睡眠紊亂癥是遺傳的。但是，許多睡眠紊亂癥是由于熬夜，經(jīng)?？鐣r(shí)區(qū)旅行以及上夜班而引起的。

【參考譯文】

Our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day.Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge.Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders.Some sleeping disorders are genetic.But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zone or by working nights.【重點(diǎn)表達(dá)】

正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) function properly

找到更多的時(shí)間、更好的睡眠方法 find ways to get more and better sleep

熬夜 stay up late

經(jīng)?？鐣r(shí)區(qū)旅行 travel frequently between time zone

上夜班 work nights

7.【翻譯原文】

乒乓球在中國(guó)是一項(xiàng)頗受歡迎和推崇的運(yùn)動(dòng)。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，它的確是中國(guó)唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個(gè)球、一張桌子和一張網(wǎng)而已，這些都易于臨時(shí)拼湊。人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時(shí)間時(shí)打兵兵球。在中國(guó)的學(xué)校、工廠甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

【參考譯文】

Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.詞句點(diǎn)撥：

1、gain popularity 贏得觀眾;大受歡迎

e.g.Earthy tone colors for apparel and gear continue to gain in popularity compared to bright colors.相對(duì)于明亮的色調(diào),土色系列的色調(diào)持續(xù)在服裝與裝備的應(yīng)用中獲得喜愛(ài).2、rolled into one(把不同的人或物的特點(diǎn))合為一體的

e.g.This is our kitchen, sitting and dining room all rolled into one.這既是我們的廚房，又是客廳和餐廳。

3、improvise 拼湊

vt.& vi.即興創(chuàng)作;臨時(shí)提供，臨時(shí)湊成

e.g.Sometimes I improvise and change the words because I forget them.有時(shí)，我臨場(chǎng)發(fā)揮改了詞，因?yàn)槲野言瓉?lái)的詞給忘了。

8.【翻譯原文】

在中國(guó)，贈(zèng)送禮物應(yīng)考慮具體情況和場(chǎng)合。禮物常用紅色或其他喜慶的顏色(festive color)來(lái)包裝，但白色或黑色不適宜用于此。當(dāng)你將禮物遞出去時(shí)，收禮者(recipient)可能會(huì)禮貌謝絕。在情況下試著將禮物再-次送出去。通常收禮者在客人離開之后才打開禮物。此外，送禮還有—些禁忌(taboo)如給夫妻送傘就不合適，因?yàn)橹形睦铩皞恪迸c“散”同音。

【參考譯文】

In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts.The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors.But white and black and not suitable in the packaging.When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely.In this case, you could try to offer the present once again.Usually, the recipient won't open the gift until the guest leaves.In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts.For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word ”separate“ in Chinese.9.【翻譯原文】

平遙古城位于山西省中部平遙縣內(nèi)，始建于西周宣王時(shí)期(公元前827年～公元前782年)。平遙古城是中國(guó)漢民族城市在明清時(shí)期的杰出范例，在中國(guó)歷史的發(fā)展中，為人們展示了一幅非同尋常的漢族文化、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)及宗教發(fā)展的完整畫卷。平遙古城被稱為“保存最為完好的四大古城”之一，也是中國(guó)僅有的以整座古城申報(bào)世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功的兩座古城市之一。

【參考譯文】

Located in Pingyao County in the middle of Shanxi Province, the Ancient City of Pingyao was built during the reign of Emperor Xuan in the Western Zhou Dynasty(from 827 BC to 782 BC).The Ancient City of Pingyao is a prominent example of the Han people's cities in the dynasties of Ming and Qing.It shows a complete and extraordinary picture of the development of culture, society, economy, and religions of the Han people.The Ancient City of Pingyao is called one of the “four best preserved ancient cities”, and one of China’s only two ancient cities that have succeeded in the application for the world culture heritage as a whole city.10.【翻譯原文】

“剩女(leftover women)”這個(gè)詞被用來(lái)指那些在二十八九歲，甚至更大年齡仍未結(jié)婚的女性。有些人認(rèn)為“剩女”是需要認(rèn)真對(duì)待的社會(huì)力量,而另一些人則主張這個(gè)詞應(yīng)被視為褒義詞，意思是“成功女性”。據(jù)2010年的中國(guó)婚姻調(diào)查(Chinese National Marriage Survey)報(bào)道，90%的男人認(rèn)為女人應(yīng)該在27歲之前結(jié)婚。在中國(guó)，大部分“剩女”都是受過(guò)良好教育的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)。跟以前幾代人相比，如今的女性更加自由，更能夠獨(dú)立生活。

【參考譯文】

“Leftover women”is a term that refers to women who remain unmarried in their late twenties and beyond.Some people regard leftover women as a social force to be reckoned with”,while others have argued that the term should be taken as a positive term to mean“successful women”.In a 2010 Chinese National Marriage Survey, it was reported that 9 out of 10 men believe that women should be married before they are 27 years old.In China leftover women are mostly well-educated middle class.Women today are more free and able to live independently in comparison to previous generations.11.【翻譯原文】

很多人喜歡中餐，在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技術(shù)和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)(nutrition)。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物，肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【參考譯文】

Many people like Chinese food.In China, cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients varies greatly across China.However, good cooking has one thing in common, that is, to always concern colors, smell, tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for man’s health, good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables.Thus, Chinese food is delicious and healthy.12.【翻譯原文】

那些保持適應(yīng)性情緒控制狀態(tài)的人，把逆境看作是暫時(shí)性的，相信困難應(yīng)該會(huì)過(guò)去的。在一項(xiàng)危機(jī)中，他們很好地調(diào)整自己，堅(jiān)信控制來(lái)源于激勵(lì)的行動(dòng)而非控制反應(yīng)。他們不會(huì)受到緊張或痛苦情緒的驚嚇;他們采取有效的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，例如取得親朋的支持和自我的述說(shuō)。研究表明那些擁有高情商的人處理創(chuàng)傷性(traumatic)事件時(shí)很少會(huì)有負(fù)面心理問(wèn)題。

【參考譯文】

Those who maintain an adaptive state of emotional control regard adversity as temporary and have the belief that “This shall pass.” In a crisis, they well adjust themselves and firmly believe that the control comes from inspired action rather than controlling reaction.They are not terrified by intense or painful emotions;they employ effective coping strategies, such as obtaining support from relatives and friends, and self-talk.The study indicates that individuals with a high emotional intelligence handle traumatic events with rare negative psychological problems.13.【翻譯原文】

三手煙是指在吸煙幾小時(shí)或幾天之后仍然殘留在地毯、衣物以及其他物品中的煙污染。據(jù)研究，許多人，尤其是煙民，都不知道三手煙會(huì)危害人們的健康。在接受調(diào)查的1500名煙民和非煙民中，絕大部分人都認(rèn)同二手煙的危害。但當(dāng)他們被問(wèn)到是否知曉“吸入前一天有人吸煙的屋子里的空氣會(huì)危害你的健康”時(shí),只有65%的非煙民和43%的煙民回答是肯定的。

【參考譯文】

Third-hand smoke refers to the tobacco smoke contamination that lingers on carpets, clothes and other materials hours or days after smoking.According to a study, a large number of people, particularly smokers, have no idea that the third-hand smoke is a health hazard for people.Of the 1,500 smokers and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast majority agree that second-hand smoke is harmful.But when asked whether they agreed with the statement,“Breathing air in a room where people smoked yesterday can harm your health,”only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers gave the affirmative answer.14.【翻譯原文】

自上世紀(jì)90年代后期起，七夕節(jié)(the Double SeventhFestival)開始被稱為“中國(guó)的情人節(jié)”。這個(gè)節(jié)日可以追溯到漢朝，當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)戀人、女孩都是個(gè)特殊的日子。這天，女孩會(huì)舉行儀式，向織女(Zhinv)乞求智慧、技藝和美滿婚姻，所以七夕節(jié)還被稱為“乞巧節(jié)(the Begging for SkillsFestival)”。如今，一些傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗已經(jīng)弱化。人們現(xiàn)在把七夕節(jié)當(dāng)作浪漫的情人節(jié)來(lái)慶祝，尤其是在年輕人中間。

【參考譯文】

The Double Seventh Festival has been called Chinese Valentine's Day since the late 1990s.The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty.It was then a special day not only for lovers, but also for girls.Girls would hold a ceremony to beg Zhinv for wisdom, skills and a satisfying marriage.So it is also called “the Begging for Skills Festival”.Today some traditional customs have been weakened.Now the festival is celebrated as a romantic valentine's day, particularly among young people.15.【翻譯原文】

火鍋(hot pot)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)飲食方式之一，擁有幾千年的歷史。在寒冷的冬天，人們軎歡吃能立即暖身和提神的火鍋。如今在許多現(xiàn)代家庭里，用煤炭加熱的(coal-heated)傳統(tǒng)火鍋已經(jīng)被電磁爐(induction cooker)火鍋所取代。各地火鍋風(fēng)格各異，所使用的火鍋原料也不盡相同。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用于火鍋的肉類包括豬肉、牛肉、雞肉、鴨肉等,其他的菜則包括蔬菜、蘑菇、面條等。

【參考譯文】

With a history of several thousand years, hot pot is one of the traditional Chinese diets.In the cold winter, people like to eat the hot pot that instantly warms their bodies and lifts their spirits.Today in many modern homes, the traditional coal-heated hot pots have been replaced by induction cookers.Hot pot styles and ingredients vary from region to region in China.Generally, the common meats used include pork, beef, chicken, duck and others, while other hot pot dishes are vegetables, mushrooms, noodles, etc.16.【翻譯原文】

在中國(guó)，贈(zèng)送禮物應(yīng)考慮具體情況和場(chǎng)合。禮物常用紅色或其他喜慶的顏色(festive color)來(lái)包裝，但白色或黑色不適宜用于此。當(dāng)你將禮物遞出去時(shí)，收禮者(recipient)可能會(huì)禮貌謝絕。在情況下試著將禮物再-次送出去。通常收禮者在客人離開之后才打開禮物。此外，送禮還有—些禁忌(taboo)如給夫妻送傘就不合適，因?yàn)橹形睦铩皞恪迸c“散”同音。

【參考譯文】

In China, we should consider the specific situation and occasion when presenting gifts.The gifts are usually packaged in red or other festive colors.But white and black and not suitable in the packaging.When you offer the gift, the recipient may refuse it politely.In this case, you could try to offer the present once again.Usually, the recipient won't open the gift until the guest leaves.In addition, there are some taboos in giving gifts.For example, it is inappropriate to present an umbrella as a gift to a couple because the word “umbrella” has the same pronunciation with another word ”separate“ in Chinese.17.【翻譯原文】

中國(guó)飲茶的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到公元前3000多年，但“下午茶”的概念卻是到17世紀(jì)中葉(the mid 17th century)才在英國(guó)出現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)時(shí)那里時(shí)興的晚餐時(shí)間是晚上8點(diǎn)，所以一位公爵夫人(Duchess)養(yǎng)成了在下午4點(diǎn)約朋友吃糕點(diǎn)的習(xí)慣。很快下午茶成為當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)潮流。隨東西方文化交流的加深，這個(gè)英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)逐漸進(jìn)入中國(guó)。如今，下午茶在國(guó)內(nèi)日漸流行起來(lái)，尤其是在廣東和福建地區(qū)。

【參考譯文】

Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to more than 3,000 B.C.in China, it was not until the mid 17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of ”afternoon tea“.The dinner time then was popularly late at 8 pm, so a Duchess developed a habit of inviting Mends to enjoy some cakes at 4 pm in the afternoon.Quickly, afternoon tea became a fashionable social event.With the cultural exchanges between the east and the west deepening, this British tradition was gradually in-traduced into China.Now, afternoon tea is increasingly popular in China, especially in the area ol Guangdong and Fijian provinces.18.【翻譯原文】

功夫茶(Gongfu tea)不是一種茶葉或茶的名字，而是一種沖泡的手藝。人們叫它功夫茶，足因?yàn)檫@種泡茶方式十分講究：它的操作過(guò)程需要一定的技術(shù)，以及泡茶和品茶的知識(shí)和技能。功夫茶起源于宋朝，在廣東的潮州府(今潮汕地區(qū))一帶最為盛行，后來(lái)在全國(guó)各地流行。功夫茶以濃度(concentration)高著稱。制作功夫茶主要使用的茶葉足烏龍茶(Oolongtea),因?yàn)樗軡M足功夫茶色、香、味的要求。

【參考譯文】

Gongfu tea is not one kind of tea or the name of tea, but a skill of making tea.People call it Gongfu tea for the reason of its exquisite process.The operational procedures require certain techniques, knowledge and skill of brewing and tasting tea.Gongfu tea originated in the Song Dynasty and prevailed mostly in Chaozhou Guangdong Province(Now: Chaoshan Area).It later became popular around the nation.Gongfu tea is famous for its high concentration.Oolong tea is mainly used in making the Gongfu tea because it can meet the requirements of color, flavor and taste of the Gongfu tea.19.【翻譯原文】

筷子(chopsticks)是中國(guó)古人發(fā)明的一種具有鮮明民族特色的進(jìn)食工具(tableware)，是反映中國(guó)飲食文化特色的重要組成部分。中國(guó)人使用筷子的歷史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年?？曜涌芍^是中國(guó)國(guó)粹，既輕巧又靈活，在世界各國(guó)餐具中獨(dú)樹一幟，被西方人譽(yù)為“東方的文明”。凡是使用過(guò)筷子的人，不論中國(guó)人或是外國(guó)人，都因其使用方便、物美價(jià)廉而贊嘆不絕。

【參考譯文】

Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture.The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago.Chopsticks, the quintessence of Chinese culture, whose lightness and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as ”Eastern Civilization“ by the westerners.All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality and reasonable price.20.【翻譯原文】

中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò)悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。

【參考譯文】

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.21.【翻譯原文】

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，京劇界面臨的一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題就是如何讓更多人尤其是年輕人認(rèn)識(shí)京劇、了解京劇，喜愛(ài)京劇。高速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)為人們帶來(lái)了更多娛樂(lè)選擇，在電影、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等沖擊下，年輕一代大多數(shù)沒(méi)有意愿也少有機(jī)會(huì)真正感受京劇的魅力?，F(xiàn)有的京劇專家很多已步入中老年，不擅長(zhǎng)用年輕人喜歡的語(yǔ)言和方式與他們溝通;而年輕一代中又極少有人既懂得京劇又愿意花費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力去介紹京劇。

【參考譯文】

For a long time, a serious problem Peking Opera has been facing is how to get more people, especially the young generations, to know about, to understand, and to be keen on Peking Opera.The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought people more options for recreation.Under the impacts of movies, TV shows, Internet, etc., most of the young generations show no interest or scarcely have any opportunity to truly feel the charm of Peking Opera.Many of the Peking Opera masters have entered middle or old age, and they are not good at communicating with the young people in the languages or ways they like.Among the young generations, there are few people who have a good understanding of Peking Opera and are willing to spend time or efforts introducing it.【小貼士】

1.在翻譯過(guò)程中適當(dāng)使用定語(yǔ)從句會(huì)給你的譯文加分，如The modern society, which is developing fast, has brought...2.遇到否定意義的句子，不要總是用“not”，而可以使用一些表否定意義的詞，如scarce，rare等，會(huì)使你的表達(dá)看起來(lái)更加成熟。

22.【翻譯原文】

風(fēng)水(Fengshui)是一門使人與環(huán)境達(dá)到和諧的藝術(shù)，是中國(guó)哲學(xué)在環(huán)境上的反映。人們相信自然環(huán)境影響人的命運(yùn)。他們期望通過(guò)調(diào)整建筑的設(shè)計(jì)與布局，達(dá)到人與環(huán)境和諧，并使人得益于環(huán)境。風(fēng)水也有迷信(superstition)的一面。如今風(fēng)水在中國(guó)城市的年輕人中已不太時(shí)興，但在中國(guó)的農(nóng)村、香港、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)以及新加坡和馬來(lái)西亞，風(fēng)水仍然流行。

【小貼士】

1.第1句含有兩個(gè)分句，翻譯時(shí)可把前一個(gè)分句“是??藝術(shù)”看作“風(fēng)水”的同位語(yǔ)譯出，后一個(gè)分句作為句子的主干。定語(yǔ)“一門使人與環(huán)境達(dá)到和諧的”和“中國(guó)哲學(xué)在環(huán)境上的”都較長(zhǎng)，可采用”n + of +?“的所有格形式，表所屬。

2.第3句分句較多，信息較零散，但仔細(xì)分析可發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)到人與環(huán)境和諧，并使人得益于環(huán)境“是目的，而”通過(guò)調(diào)整建筑的設(shè)計(jì)與擺設(shè)“是方式，故翻譯本句時(shí)宜改變句子的語(yǔ)序，把表示目的內(nèi)容作為句子的主干，而”通過(guò)調(diào)整“則譯成through引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)置后。

3.第4句“風(fēng)水也有迷信的一面”，可譯成“be of + n.”的結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“具有??特性”。

4.在最后一句中，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)“在??馬來(lái)西亞”很長(zhǎng)，故翻譯時(shí)將其置于句末，避免句子頭重腳輕，也更符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

【參考譯文】

Fengshui, an art of harmonizing people with their environment, is the reflection of Chinese philosophy in environment.People believe that the natural environment affects people's fortunes.They expect to achieve harmony with the environment, and benefit from it through adjusting the design and layout of their houses.Fengshui is also of superstition on its side.Nowadays it is not much popular with young Chinese in the cities, but it is still welcomed in Chinese rural areas, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as countries like Singapore and Malaysia.23.【翻譯原文】

為了讓人們更好地記住年份，我們的祖先用12只動(dòng)物來(lái)代表年份。即“十二生肖”(Chinese Zodiac)。每一年由一種動(dòng)物代表，每隔12年進(jìn)行一個(gè)循環(huán)，從鼠開始，以豬為結(jié)尾。每一種動(dòng)物還有其獨(dú)特的文化內(nèi)涵(cultural connotation).例如，牛年出生的人據(jù)說(shuō)“勤奮、冷靜、可靠”，虎年出生的人則“強(qiáng)大、勇敢、但又急躁”。十二生肖在亞洲的其他國(guó)家，如韓國(guó)和日本也很流行。

【小貼士】

1.第1句中的“為了讓人們更好地記住年份”，如果直譯成in order to make people remember the years more easily.表達(dá)不夠地道，有中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)的感覺(jué)?！白屓藗儭笔菨h語(yǔ)中約定俗成的表達(dá)，翻譯時(shí)可“省譯”，此處表達(dá)為to order to remember即可?！凹础ぁ笨删o跟上文，用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。

2.第2句中的“每隔12年進(jìn)行一個(gè)循環(huán)”可以用every 12 years comes in a circle表達(dá)，主語(yǔ)every 12 years為整體念的單數(shù)名詞。“從鼠開始，以豬為結(jié)尾”用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)beginning with Rat and ending with Pig來(lái)表達(dá)，作“循環(huán)”的后置定語(yǔ)。

3.第4句中的“牛年出生的”宜處理成后置定語(yǔ)，用分詞短語(yǔ)bornin the Year of Ox來(lái)表達(dá)。“據(jù)說(shuō)??”譯為 is said to?。

4.翻譯最后一句時(shí)，先譯出主干(The Chinese Zodiac remains popular)。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)“在亞洲的其他國(guó)家”用介詞短語(yǔ) in other Asian countries 來(lái)表達(dá)。

【參考譯文】

In order to remember the years more easily, our ancestors used twelve animals to represent the years, which is called the ”Chinese Zodiac“.Every year is represented by an animal and every 12 years comes in a circle beginning with Rat and ending with Pig.Each animal has its unique cultural connotations.For example, a person born in the Year of Ox is said to be hard working, calm, and reliable, while the person born in the Year of Tiger is powerful, brave, and impatient.The Chinese Zodiac remains popular as well in other Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan.24.【翻譯原文】

李白是唐朝(the Tang Dynasty)的著名詩(shī)人。他和他的朋友杜甫是唐代中期中國(guó)詩(shī)歌繁盛時(shí)期最杰出的兩位人物。他一生四處游歷，寫下了大約1000首詩(shī)篇。這些詩(shī)堪稱是贊美友情、享受大自然和飲酒作樂(lè)的模板。他的詩(shī)浪漫、豪邁，想象力豐富。作為一個(gè)浪漫主義天才，李白把中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)詩(shī)歌形式推向了一個(gè)新的離度，對(duì)后世的詩(shī)歌產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

【小貼士】

1.第2句中的定語(yǔ)“唐代中期中國(guó)詩(shī)歌繁盛時(shí)期”的中心詞是“繁盛時(shí)期”(in the flourishing)，“中國(guó)詩(shī)歌”是其定語(yǔ)，用介詞短語(yǔ)of Chinese poetry來(lái)表達(dá)，時(shí)間范圍較大的“唐代中期”(in the mid-Tang Dynasty)置于句末。

2.第3句中的“寫下了大約1000首詩(shī)篇”用分詞短語(yǔ)composing about 1,000 pieces of poems來(lái)表達(dá)，作狀語(yǔ)。后一句以“這些詩(shī)”為主語(yǔ)，跟前一句關(guān)聯(lián)較大，故將其處理成修飾前一句poems的定語(yǔ)從句，用 which引導(dǎo)。

3.第5句“他的詩(shī)浪漫、豪邁，想象力豐富”是中文的無(wú)動(dòng)詞句。翻譯時(shí)，把“他的詩(shī)浪漫”轉(zhuǎn)換為主干(his poems are romantic)，將“豪邁，想象力豐富”轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)，用介詞短語(yǔ)with heroic style and rich imagination來(lái)表達(dá)。

4.最后一句可直譯成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，“推向??高度”用take?to a height來(lái)表達(dá)，“對(duì)??產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”則用exerted a far-reaching influence oil?的表達(dá)方式。

【參考譯文】

Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty.He and his friend Du Fu were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty.He traveled around the country in his lifetime, composing about 1,000 pieces of poems which were models for celebrating the friendship, appreciating the nature and the joys of drinking wine.His poems are romantic with heroic style and rich imagination.As a romantic genius, Li Bai took traditional poetic forms to a new height and exerted a far-reaching influence on the poems of the future generation.25.【翻譯原文】

胡同(Hutong)是北京的一大特色，有著與北京城一樣久遠(yuǎn)的歷史。最早的胡同出現(xiàn)在元朝(the Yuan Dynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清時(shí)代(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)形成的。據(jù)專家考證，“胡同”一詞源 干蒙古語(yǔ)(Mongolian)的“井”。自古以來(lái)胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的場(chǎng)所，可以說(shuō)是北京平民文化的代表。但隨著人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已經(jīng)消失，取而代之的是現(xiàn)代化的卻沒(méi)有特色的高樓大廈。

【小貼士】

1.第1句中的“館藏豐富的”用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)，作后置定語(yǔ)，譯作boasting vast collections.“一座寶藏” 可簡(jiǎn)單譯為a treasure，但不如用a palace of treasure來(lái)表達(dá)語(yǔ)義更生動(dòng)飽滿。

2.第2句中的“但令人遺憾的是”可套用句型it is a pity that?，此處用副詞regrettably置句首修飾一整句則更簡(jiǎn)單，是英語(yǔ)中常用的表達(dá)方式。

3.仔細(xì)分析可發(fā)現(xiàn)，第4句“這一舉動(dòng)??良好的開端”中的“這一舉動(dòng)”指代前一句的內(nèi)容，故將該句處理成非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，譯作which is a good start??！盀閷W(xué)術(shù)館藏走近普通大眾”表目的，故將其處理成狀語(yǔ)，用不定式短語(yǔ)to bring academic collections closer to the general public 來(lái)表達(dá)。

4.最后一句進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，重點(diǎn)為后一分句內(nèi)容“國(guó)內(nèi)的髙校博物館仍然有待發(fā)掘”(the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered)。所以翻譯時(shí)，可以考慮將這兩個(gè)分句進(jìn)行“合譯”，后一分句作主句，前一分句則處理成用as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，使譯文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊流暢。

【參考譯文】

The university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly ”a palace of treasure".Regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention.Recently, some university in Beijing announce that their museums will grant free access to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public.But as many world-class university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.26.【翻譯原文】

絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國(guó)和地中海的一條重要 貿(mào)易路線。因?yàn)檫@條路上的絲綢貿(mào)易占絕大部分，所以在1877年它 被德國(guó)的一位地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條古道從長(zhǎng)安開始，經(jīng)過(guò)河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線，中部路線和北部路線。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后擴(kuò)展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至羅馬。

【參考譯文】

The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and North?ern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.27.【翻譯原文】

中國(guó)人民依法享受超過(guò)115天的假期，其中包括104天的周 末和11天的節(jié)假日。中國(guó)一年中有7個(gè)法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春節(jié)(Spring Festival),清明節(jié)(Qingming Festival), 五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)(May Day)，端午節(jié)(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋節(jié)(Mid-Autumn Day)和國(guó)慶節(jié)(National Day)。員工有5至15天的帶薪年假。學(xué)生和老師有大約三個(gè)月的寒暑假。在中國(guó)，暑假_般約在7月1 日開始，8月31日左右結(jié)束，寒假是根據(jù)春節(jié)的日期，通常是在1 月或2月。

【參考譯文】

Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.28.【翻譯原文】

中國(guó)扇子的歷史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一種扇子叫作“扇汗”(Shanhan),是拴在馬車上用來(lái) 擋住強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光，給乘客遮雨的?！吧群埂庇悬c(diǎn)像現(xiàn)在的雨傘。后來(lái) “扇汗”變成了由薄但是結(jié)實(shí)的絲綢或者鳥的羽毛做成的長(zhǎng)柄扇，稱 為中山扇(Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的儀仗(honour guard)裝 飾。

【參考譯文】

The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.29.【翻譯原文】

洛陽(yáng)是地處中原的河南省西部一個(gè)地級(jí)市(prefecture-level city)。它東部舭鄰省會(huì)鄭州，南接南陽(yáng)，西連三門峽(S_enxia)，北鄰濟(jì)源。在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛陽(yáng)是東都(Dongdu)，東部首都，其人 口最多的時(shí)候有100萬(wàn)左右，僅次于當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的城市——長(zhǎng)安。在短暫的五代(Five Dynasties)時(shí)期，洛陽(yáng)是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐(Later Tang)和后晉(Later Jin)的首都，后來(lái)。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)時(shí)期，洛陽(yáng)是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人趙匡胤的出生地。

【參考譯文】

Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China.It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north.During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu(東都),the “Eastern Capital' and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the world.During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin.During the North Song Dynasty, Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.30.【翻譯原文】

自從1978年經(jīng)濟(jì)改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)已經(jīng)完成了從中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)(centrally planned economy)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(market based economy)的轉(zhuǎn)變。超過(guò)6億人已經(jīng)脫離了貧困，但是仍然有超過(guò)1.7億人生活在國(guó)際貧困線以下 天少于1.25美元。2012年，中國(guó)的人均GDP 為12405.67美元，這是30年前的37倍。到2018年，中國(guó)的人均 GDP將從世界第90位上升到第75位。然而，這仍然是低于預(yù)計(jì)的世界平均水平。

【參考譯文】

Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy.More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line.In 2012, China’s GDP(PPP)per capita was $12,405.67.This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago.By 2018，China’s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world.This however will still be below the forecasted world average.

第二篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.（一）

1.Just do it_____________（盡自己最大努力）.2._____________（抽象意義上的語(yǔ)言）is our facility to talk to each other.3.We should pursue economic policies______________（根據(jù)國(guó)家利益）.4.We delayed our departure____________（由于暴風(fēng)雨）.5.We had better_____________（趁天氣暖和）by going for a walk this afternoon.（二）

1.Because she knew French, she______________（比我們有利）.2.Adults should________________（原諒孩子的無(wú)知）.3.You should_________（充分利用）.4.The river__________（沖破堤岸）.5.Please_____________________（將問(wèn)題提出來(lái)）.（三）

1._______________________（如果發(fā)生火災(zāi)）, ring the alarm bell.2.______________________（在這種情況下）, I couldn’t go away.3.Your care-free nature often_____________（遇到錢的問(wèn)題）.4.I will do it________________（如果你幫我）.5.You may___________（學(xué)一學(xué)）the classic school of photographers.（四）

1.We want our methods to be____________（最新的）.2.The naughty boy________________（以…為樂(lè)）pulling the cat’s tail.3.A little persistence_____________（發(fā)揮重要作用）between success and failure.4.That detail_____________（和…毫無(wú)關(guān)系）the main point of the article.5.The regulation doesn’t_____________（生效）until the first of March.（五）

1.The first signs of spring are______________（顯而易見(jiàn)）.2.He finished the job__________________(但卻損害了健康).3.We must____________（面對(duì)困難）manfully and accept the responsibilities of our actions.4.You can________________（隨時(shí)找我們幫忙）whenever you have difficulties.5.__________________（你的夢(mèng)想將會(huì)落空）if you don’t work on them.（六）

1.The substance does not dissolve in water___________________（不管是否加熱）.2.Not only______________（他向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高）；but he didn’t do a good repair job either.3.Your losses in trade this year are nothing_____________（與我的相比）.4.One average, it is said, visitors spend only_____________（一半的錢）in a day in Leeds as in London.5.By contrast, American mothers were more likely_____________（把孩子的成功歸因于）natural1

talent.（七）

1.All universities______________（正在做好準(zhǔn)備）for an increased intake of students.2.After her lost son was found, _____________（她破涕為笑）.3.He never ______________（追名逐利）.4.My mother wanted me to___________________（從事教育工作）.5.He has given up smoking__________________（永遠(yuǎn)的）.（八）

1.When he gets old, he will_________________（把公司交給兒子來(lái)經(jīng)營(yíng)）.2.His tastes are______________________（和我的相同）.3.We should serve the people__________________(全心全意的).4.___________________（要是他沒(méi)有花這么多錢該多好）.5.The population of Africa is growing_____________(極其迅速).（九）

1.Without steady economic development, it is impossible to meet the people basic needs in life, _______________(更別提)protect the ecosystem and environment.2.You are____________(自由的)to leave at any time you want.3.____________________（鑒于國(guó)際局勢(shì)的變化）, the Chinese government wishes to share with the governments of other countries some of its basic views concerning the establishment of a new international order.4.This new discovery ____________（有助于說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題）.5.We must never______________(辜負(fù))our parents’ trust and expectation.(十)

1.Her beauty cannot_________________________（彌補(bǔ)她的愚蠢）.2.The ship was ____________________（任憑波濤的擺布）.3.We ought to___________________（充分利用時(shí)間）.4.Being a professional actor_____________(必定)means working nights and Sundays.5._______________________(既然我們學(xué)完了這門課程)，we shall start doing more revision.（十一）

1.Men like that never____________________（冒險(xiǎn)嘗試）.2.He had not yet attempted to_________________________(把他的理論付諸實(shí)踐).3.She answered these embarrassing questions__________________（鎮(zhèn)定自若）.4._________________（關(guān)于）what we did last month I would like to read you this letter

received.5.When defeat is _____________（不可避免）, nothing matters.

第三篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)

1.孔子

孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中國(guó)儒學(xué)(the Ru School)思想的創(chuàng)始人。儒學(xué)(Confucianism)，這個(gè)道德和 宗教哲學(xué)的大系統(tǒng)建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教學(xué)上。馮友蘭，中國(guó)思想史上 20 世紀(jì)偉大的權(quán)威之一，把孔子在中國(guó)歷史上的影響比作 西方的蘇格拉底。

參考譯文: Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius’s influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.2.京劇

京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國(guó)的國(guó)粹。作為一門古老的藝術(shù)，京劇的服裝（costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛(ài)。不同的服裝類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困者的服裝則簡(jiǎn)單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要 手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來(lái)的。臉譜的顏色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍(lán)、綠色多用于綠林 好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

參考譯文: Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3.茶馬古道

茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著 20 多個(gè)少數(shù) 民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比 如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江 大峽谷和布達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時(shí)至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價(jià)值仍然存在。

參考譯文: Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.4.八大菜系

中國(guó)一個(gè)幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國(guó)家，每個(gè)民族都有其獨(dú)特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風(fēng)俗和其他因素的影響下經(jīng)過(guò)悠久歷史的發(fā) 展已經(jīng)成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八 種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國(guó)的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣 的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長(zhǎng)處。

參考譯文: China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.5.四合院

四合院是從明代的北京延續(xù)下來(lái)的古典建筑風(fēng)格的住宅。四合 院之間的狹窄的街道被稱為 “胡同”。一個(gè)四合院有園林包圍著四個(gè)房子，有高高的圍墻保護(hù)。四合院與胡同都是人們 常見(jiàn)到的，有超 過(guò) 700 多年的歷史，但是由于現(xiàn)在的城市改造和中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，四合院 慢慢地從北京消失。

參考譯文: Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty.The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong”.A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls.Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.6.少林功夫

少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚們練習(xí)的一種武術(shù)(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫發(fā)展的文化空間。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侶練習(xí)的，他們的職責(zé)是保護(hù)寺廟。現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過(guò) 1500 多年的發(fā)展，少林功夫已逐步發(fā)展成為一種完美技術(shù)和豐富含義相融合的藝術(shù)，在全世界享有聲譽(yù)。

參考譯文: Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu.The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.7.秧歌

秧歌是農(nóng)歷正月的主要的民族花市形式。在這種活動(dòng)中，兩人都盛裝打扮，輪流唱歌跳舞，其他人作為唱歌和跳舞的搭檔。鑼(gong)鼓按照節(jié)奏敲打;嗩吶（suona)或其他傳統(tǒng)的弦樂(lè) 器、木管樂(lè)器作為背景音樂(lè)。

參考譯文: Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year.In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners.The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.8.筷子

說(shuō)到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中國(guó)是世界上第一個(gè)使用筷子的 國(guó)家，用筷子吃飯已經(jīng)有至 少 3000 年的歷史了?？曜涌雌饋?lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，只有兩根小細(xì)棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑選，移動(dòng)，夾，攪拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，價(jià)格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上獨(dú)有的 餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，無(wú)論是中國(guó)人還是外國(guó)人，都無(wú)不欽佩筷子的發(fā)明者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks.Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging;moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price.Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world.Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.9.扇子

中國(guó)扇子的歷史可以追溯到 3000 多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一種扇子叫作 “扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在馬車上用來(lái) 擋住強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光，給乘客遮雨的?！吧群埂庇悬c(diǎn)像現(xiàn)在的雨傘。后來(lái) “扇汗”變成了由薄但是結(jié)實(shí)的絲綢或者鳥的羽毛做成的長(zhǎng)柄扇，稱為中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的儀仗(honour guard)裝飾。

參考譯文: The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.10.中國(guó)茶

中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)。據(jù)說(shuō)早在五六千年前，中國(guó)就有了茶樹(tea-shrub),而且有關(guān)茶樹的人類 文明可以追溯到兩千年前。來(lái)自中國(guó)的茶和絲綢、瓷器(porcelain)—樣，在 1000 年前為世界所知，而且一直是中國(guó)重要的出口產(chǎn)品。目前世界上 40 多個(gè)國(guó)家種植茶，其中亞 洲國(guó)家的產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的 90%。其他國(guó)家的茶樹都直接或間接地起源于中國(guó)。

參考譯文: China is the homeland of tea.It is believed that China has tea-shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of tea pants can date back two thousand years.Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export.At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.11.絲綢之路

絲綢之路(the Silk Road)是歷史上連接中國(guó)和地中海的一條重要 貿(mào)易路線。因?yàn)檫@條路上的 絲綢貿(mào)易占絕大部分，所以在 1877 年它 被德國(guó)的一位地理學(xué)家命名為“絲綢之路”。這條 古道從長(zhǎng)安開始，經(jīng)過(guò)河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到達(dá)敦煌后分成三條：南部路線，中部 路線和北部路線。這三條路遍布新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后擴(kuò)展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至羅馬。

參考譯文: The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.12.經(jīng)濟(jì)水平多樣化的中國(guó)

中國(guó)是一個(gè)文化、語(yǔ)言、風(fēng)俗和經(jīng)濟(jì)水平都很多樣化的地方。經(jīng)濟(jì)格局尤其多樣化。大城市如北京，廣州和上海是現(xiàn)代的，相對(duì)富裕的。然而，約 50%的中國(guó)人仍然生活在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，盡管中國(guó)只有 10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。數(shù)百萬(wàn)農(nóng)村居民仍然依靠體力勞動(dòng)或役畜(draft animal)耕作。兩三百萬(wàn)農(nóng)民遷到城鎮(zhèn)尋找工作。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，南部和東部沿海地區(qū)比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)。參考譯文: China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are moden and comparatively wealthy.However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China ’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed.13.中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易

對(duì)于世界上很多國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)正迅速成為他們最重要的雙邊(bilateral)貿(mào)易伙伴。然而，中國(guó)和世界其他國(guó)家之間貿(mào)易不平衡的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了關(guān)注。尤其是美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易赤字是最大的，達(dá)到了 3150 億美元，這個(gè)數(shù)字是十年前的三倍還多。貿(mào)易糾紛(trade dispute)也越來(lái)越多，主要是關(guān)于傾銷(dumping)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和人民幣的估價(jià)。

參考譯文: For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner.However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago.There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.14.中國(guó)的假日

中國(guó)人民依法享受超過(guò) 115 天的假期，其中包括 104 天的周末和 11 天的節(jié)假日。中國(guó)一 年中有 7個(gè)法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春節(jié)（Spring Festival),清明節(jié)（Qingming Festival), 五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)(May Day)，端午節(jié)(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋節(jié)(Mid-Autumn Day)和國(guó)慶節(jié)(National Day)。員工有 5 至 15 天的帶薪年假。學(xué)生和老師有大約三個(gè)月的寒暑假。在中國(guó)，暑假一般約在 7 月 1 日開始，8 月 31 日左右結(jié)束，寒假是根據(jù)春節(jié)的日期，通常是在 1 月或 2 月

參考譯文: Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.15.信用卡

信用卡(credit card)是銀行所創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的最便捷同時(shí)也是最危險(xiǎn) 的信用工具。通過(guò)信用卡，人們可以先用銀行付賬的方式購(gòu)買那些 負(fù)擔(dān)不起的物品，同時(shí)，銀行也將對(duì)此征收比 一般貸款要高的利率(interest rate)。遺憾的是，信用卡現(xiàn)巳成為資本主義體制(capitalist system)的重要組成部分，而該體制就得依賴消費(fèi)(consumption)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。

Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous.They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans.Unfortunately, credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.參考譯文: 16.老齡化

根據(jù)全國(guó)老齡工作委員會(huì)(the China National Committee On Aging)的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)看，到 2053 年，中國(guó) 60 歲及以上的老人數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì) 會(huì)從目前的 1.85 億一躍變?yōu)?4.87 億，或者說(shuō)是占總?cè)丝?的 35%。擴(kuò)張的比例是由于壽命的增加和計(jì)劃生育政策(family planning policies)限制大部分城市家庭只生一個(gè)孩子。快速老齡化對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定 造成了嚴(yán)重威脅。

參考譯文:The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging.The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child.Rapid aging poses serious threats to the country’s social and economic stability.17.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)

自從 1978 年經(jīng)濟(jì)改革以來(lái)，中國(guó)已經(jīng)完成了從中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)(centrally planned economy)向 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)(market based economy)的轉(zhuǎn)變。超過(guò) 6 億人已經(jīng)脫離了貧困，但是仍然有超過(guò) 1.7 億人生活在 國(guó)際貧困線以下，每天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中國(guó)的人均 GDP 為 12405.67 美 元，這是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中國(guó)的人均 GDP 將從世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，這仍然是低于預(yù)計(jì)的世界平均水平。

參考譯文: Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy.More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line.In 2012, China’s GDP(PPP)per capita was $12,405.67.This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago.By 2018，China’ s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world.This however will still be below the forecasted world average.18.中國(guó)的保健食品

中國(guó)的保健食品（health food)市場(chǎng)首次出現(xiàn)于 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代。保健食品是指具有特定保 健功能或補(bǔ)充維生素或礦物質(zhì)的食品。保 健食品適用于特定人群消費(fèi)，具有調(diào)節(jié)人體功能 的效果，但不用于治療疾病的目的。保健食品有兩種。一種是具有特定保健功能的食品，另外一種是營(yíng)養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑。

China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s.Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals.Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases.There are two kinds of health food.One is food with specific health functions, the other is nutritional supplements.19.成年子女必須探望父母的法律

這周頒布的一項(xiàng)新法律要求子女必須經(jīng)常探望年齡超過(guò) 60 歲的 父母，并確保他們經(jīng)濟(jì)和精 神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社 報(bào)導(dǎo)了_條新聞，來(lái)自江蘇市無(wú)錫市的一位 77 歲的老太太起訴她的女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ阂?guī)定她的女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財(cái)力支持。但是這項(xiàng)法律引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議。有人說(shuō)這給了那些因?yàn)楣ぷ鳌W(xué)習(xí)或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng)的人更多壓力。參考譯文: A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.20.中國(guó)游客出境游

聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬機(jī)構(gòu)世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)游客對(duì)全 球旅游業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)最大。中國(guó)人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨脹至 1020 億美元，同 2011 年相 比增長(zhǎng)了 40%。聯(lián)合國(guó)世界旅游組織在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說(shuō)，這一增幅令 中國(guó) 迅速超越德國(guó)和美國(guó)。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個(gè) 國(guó)家。2012 年德美兩國(guó)出境 旅游支出均同比增長(zhǎng) 6%,約 840 億美元。參考譯文: The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.21.大學(xué)生就業(yè)問(wèn)題

2008 全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的新畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)顯著下降。2009 年畢業(yè)的學(xué)生將加入到 2008 年畢業(yè)仍在找工作的 300 萬(wàn)學(xué)生之中。畢業(yè)生過(guò)剩(glut)也可以歸因于大學(xué)入學(xué)率的提高和教育機(jī)構(gòu)的增加。雖然大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)增加了，但是他們的質(zhì)量并沒(méi)有明顯地提高。在大多數(shù)情況下，畢業(yè)生無(wú)法在 2008 年找到合適的就業(yè)機(jī) 會(huì)是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有行業(yè)所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for China’s new graduates.Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities.The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions.Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in their quality.In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.

第四篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)2

京劇 Peking opera

秦腔 Qin opera

功夫Kungfo

太極Tai Chi

口技 ventriloquism

木偶戲puppet show

皮影戲shadowplay

折子戲 opera highlights

雜技 acrobatics

相聲 witty dialogue comedy

刺繡 embroidery

蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery

泥人 clay figure

書法 calligraphy

中國(guó)畫 traditional Chinese painting

水墨畫 Chinese brush painting

中國(guó)結(jié) Chinese knot

中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火藥 gunpowder

印刷術(shù)printing

造紙術(shù) paper-making

指南針 the compass

青銅器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain;china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰藍(lán)cloisonne

秋千swing

武術(shù) martial arts

儒家思想Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

道教 Taoism

墨家Mohism

法家 Legalism

佛教 Buddhism

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

莊子 Chuang Tzu

墨子 Mo Tzu

孫子Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四寶(筆墨紙觀)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)

《大學(xué)》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《論語(yǔ)》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孫子兵法》The Art of War 《三國(guó)演義》Three Kingdoms 《西游爺己》Journey to the West 《紅樓夢(mèng)》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海經(jīng)》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》Historical Records 《詩(shī)經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 《易經(jīng)》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《禮記》The Book of Rites 《三字經(jīng)》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay 五言絕句 five-character quatrain 七言律詩(shī) seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit 唐裝 Tang suit 風(fēng)水Fengshui;geomantic omen 陽(yáng)歷 Solar calendar 陰歷 Lunar calendar 閏年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac

春節(jié) the Spring Festival 元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午節(jié) the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋節(jié) the Mid-autumn Day 重陽(yáng)節(jié) the Double-ninth Day 七夕節(jié) the Double-seventh Day 春聯(lián) spring couplets 廟會(huì) temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年畫(traditional)New Year pictures 壓歲錢 New Year gift-money 舞龍dragon dance

元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花燈 festival lantern 燈謎 lantern riddle 舞獅 lion dance 踩高蹺 stilt walking

賽龍舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山東菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粵菜 Canton cuisine 揚(yáng)州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月餅 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油條 deep-fried dough sticks 豆?jié){ soybean milk 饅頭 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 餛飩 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 燒餅 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒飯 fried rice with egg 糖葫蘆 tomatoes on sticks 火鍋hot pot 長(zhǎng)城 the Great Wall of China 烽火臺(tái) beacon tower

秦士臺(tái)皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 絲綢之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟M(jìn)ogao Grottoes 華清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五臺(tái)山“Wutai Mountain 九華山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黃山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宮 the Imperial Palace 天壇 the Temple of Heaven 午門 Meridian Gate 大運(yùn)河 Grand Canal 護(hù)城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸關(guān)Juyongguan Pass 九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨溝Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布達(dá)拉宮Potala Palace 鼓樓 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔廟 Confucius Temple 樂(lè)山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛L(fēng)ama 轉(zhuǎn)世靈重 reincarnated soul boy 中藥 traditional Chinese medicine 《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草綱目》Compendium of MateriaMedica 針灸 acupuncture 推拿 medical massage 切脈 feeling the pulse 五禽戲 five-animal exercises 舊石器時(shí)代 the Paleolithic Age 新石器時(shí)代 the Neolithic Age;New Stone Age 母系氏族社會(huì) matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代 dynasty 秦朝 Qin Dynasty 漢朝 Han Dynasty 唐朝 Tang Dynasty 宋朝 Song Dynasty 元朝 Yuan Dynasty 明朝 Ming Dynasty 清朝 Qing Dynasty 秦士臺(tái)皇帝 Emperor Qinshihuang;the First Emperor of Qin 皇太后 Empress Dowager 漢高祖劉邦 Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗Genghis Khan 春秋時(shí)期 the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主 Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后 Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主 emperor;monarch 諸侯vassal 皇妃 imperial concubine 丞相，宰相 prime minister

太監(jiān) court eunuch 少數(shù)民族 ethnic minority 祭祀 offer sacrifices 西域 the Western Regions 戰(zhàn)國(guó) the Warring States 中華文明 Chinese civilization 文明的搖籃 cradle of civilization 秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó) unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)the Opium War 太平天國(guó) the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 戌戌變法 the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命 the 1911 Revolution 新民主主義革命 New-democratic Revolution 五四運(yùn)動(dòng) the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起義 Nanchang Uprising 918 事變 September 18th Incident 長(zhǎng)征 the Long March 西安事變Xi”an Incident 南京大屠殺Nanjing Massacre 抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛澤東 Mao Tse-tong 孫中山 Sun Yat-sen 蔣介石 Chiang Kai-shek 國(guó)民黨Kuomingtang 中華人民共和國(guó) the People’s Republic of China(PRC)滿族 Manchu 蒙古人Mongol 士大夫 scholar-officials 學(xué)者 scholar 詩(shī)人 poet 政治家statesman

社會(huì)地位social status

北京有無(wú)數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來(lái)了無(wú)窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常，胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來(lái)。

參考答案

In Beijing, there are numeroushutongs.The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing.The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture.Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongsare replaced by new tall buildings.I hope hutongs can be preserved.難點(diǎn)精析

1.帶來(lái)了無(wú)窮的魅力：翻譯為bring endless charm to。

2.漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣于用并列的散句或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，而英文習(xí)慣上用整句表述，句內(nèi)不太重要的信息會(huì)用 | 介詞短語(yǔ)或從句來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如本段中“胡同內(nèi)有一個(gè)大雜院，房間夠4到10個(gè)家庭的差不多20口人住”是：兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的漢語(yǔ)短句，翻譯成英文時(shí)可將第二句用with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)出來(lái)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。

3.充滿友善和人情味：翻譯為full of friendliness and genuine humanity。

4.隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展：翻譯為with rapid social and economic development，也是with介詞短語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國(guó)的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀(jì)念古代詩(shī)人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿，象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國(guó)的農(nóng)歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常見(jiàn)的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如鉸子和年糕。

參考答案

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals.For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion.The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake.The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake.難點(diǎn)精析

■ 1.中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食：翻譯為Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“節(jié)慶膳食”直接譯為holiday meals , 即可，翻譯時(shí)注意“中國(guó)的”和“傳統(tǒng)”的順序。

2.紀(jì)念：翻譯為介詞短語(yǔ)in memory of,修飾前面的a day。

■ 3.賽龍舟：翻譯為hold dragon boat races,其中hold意為“舉行”，“舉行龍舟比賽”即“賽龍舟”。

4.觀賞滿月：“滿月”即fMlmoon,此處的“觀賞”可以譯為viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。

5.象征著家庭團(tuán)聚：“象征”翻譯為系表結(jié)構(gòu)is a symbol for,也可以用動(dòng)詞symbolize表示，“家庭團(tuán)聚”翻譯：為 family reunion 即可。

唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為是中國(guó)文明最輝煌的時(shí)期。唐朝的首都在長(zhǎng)安。在與印度和中東（the Middle East）的交流中，在他們的促進(jìn)下，唐朝在許多領(lǐng)域里得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。唐朝是文學(xué)和藝術(shù)的黃金時(shí)期。唐朝通過(guò)科舉制度（civil service examinations）在全國(guó)選出優(yōu)秀的儒家文人（Confucian literati）為政府效力，而唐朝的政府體系在儒學(xué)官僚（Confucian bureaucratic）的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世紀(jì)中期，唐朝勢(shì)力開始衰落。

Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization.Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields.The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art.Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic.By the middle of the eighth century A.D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.面子是某個(gè)人在他人眼中的社會(huì)地位和名聲。中國(guó)人一生都用語(yǔ)言和行動(dòng)維護(hù)和提升面子?？梢孕〉秸l(shuí)先上電梯，也可以大到百萬(wàn)美元的合同授予。沒(méi)有面子也就沒(méi)有了影響力。即使是無(wú)意中讓別人沒(méi)面子，也是極其嚴(yán)重的冒犯（dishonor），可能意味著斷絕關(guān)系。中國(guó)人不會(huì)公開批評(píng)、忽視或取笑他人，即使是開玩笑。點(diǎn)評(píng)別人的成績(jī)時(shí)，也是先說(shuō)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，再講不足

The concept of “face” can be described as someone’s social status or reputation in the eyes of others.Throughout a Chinese person’s life, he maintains and enhances his “face” with words and actions.It may be something as small as who gets into the elevator first or as big as the awarding of multimillion dollar contacts.Losing face equals/ means losing power or influence.Even to make someone lose face unintentionally is a serious dishonor and could mean the end of a relationship.Chinese people never criticize, ignore or make fun of a person in front of others, even jokingly.When discussing individual performance, they always emphasize good points before bad ones.在中國(guó)，喝茶是一種儀式（ritual），一種精致品位(refined taste)的展示。人們?cè)陲嫴璧耐瑫r(shí)，也領(lǐng)略著（take delight in）品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中國(guó)人中最流行的大發(fā)時(shí)間的方式。過(guò)去，他們是以進(jìn)有名的茶館（tea house）而開始一天的生活的。中國(guó)的茶館相當(dāng)于法國(guó)的咖啡館和英國(guó)的酒館。人們到這里不僅是為了喝茶，也是為了議論當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣劵驅(qū)φ卧掝}進(jìn)行激烈的（furious）辯論。

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste.While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself.Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese.In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse.Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs.People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates.據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)網(wǎng)上調(diào)查顯示，55%的中國(guó)青年認(rèn)為自己對(duì)生活缺乏熱情，71%的人認(rèn)為他們承受著巨大的壓力。焦慮普遍存在于當(dāng)今的中國(guó)年輕人中。名車、豪宅和優(yōu)越的生活（live a privileged life）是人們追求的目標(biāo)。然而，與高昂的房?jī)r(jià)、教育支出和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用相比，他們的工資過(guò)低且增長(zhǎng)緩慢，看不到脫離困境的希望，焦慮因此而產(chǎn)生

A recent online survey found that 55 percent of young people in China thought they ware lacking enthusiasm for life, and 71 percent considered themselves under heavy pressure.Anxiety is a common phenomenon among young Chinese today.Brand-name cars, luxurious houses and living a privileged life are people’s driven goals.However, compared with the high housing prices, education expenses and medial costs, their income is too low with slow growth and they see little hope for escaping, so anxiety occurs.傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)繪畫是一門獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)，無(wú)論是風(fēng)格還是技巧都與世界其他藝術(shù)門類迥然不同。傳統(tǒng)的日本繪畫可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中國(guó)文化影響的。中國(guó)繪畫采用毛筆（brush）蘸墨汁或顏色，靈巧地?fù)]灑（wield）在紙上。畫家用深、淺、濃、淡的點(diǎn)和線構(gòu)成一幅圖畫。在優(yōu)秀畫家的手里，毛筆和墨汁不僅是繪畫的工具，也是畫家藝術(shù)追求的象征。Passage 5.Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world.Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture.The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them.Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some pale.In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.二十四節(jié)氣（solar terms）的劃分起源于黃河流域一帶（Yellow River area），是中國(guó)古代歷法（calendar）特有的重要組成部分和獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造。在古代中國(guó)，人們常用二十四節(jié)氣來(lái)表示季節(jié)更替和氣候變化狀況。節(jié)氣的制定是我們祖先在長(zhǎng)期的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中，逐步認(rèn)識(shí)氣象變化規(guī)律的結(jié)果。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，甚至直到今天，二十四節(jié)氣在中國(guó)的農(nóng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)（agricultural and animal husbandry production）中一直起著重要的作用

Passage 6.The twenty-four solar terms is a unique component and creative invention of the Chinese traditional calendar, first originating from the Yellow River area.It was used to indicate the alternation of seasons and climate changes in ancient China.The establishment of solar terms reflected our ancestors’ knowledge about climate changes during their long history of farming activities.Over years, it has played an important role in China’s agricultural and animal husbandry production even to this day.在媒介文化高度發(fā)展的今天，年輕人接觸外來(lái)文化的方式越來(lái)越多。根據(jù)中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息中心（CNNIC）的統(tǒng)計(jì)，截止到 2004年6月30日，中國(guó)上網(wǎng)用戶總數(shù)達(dá)到8,700萬(wàn)人，其中多數(shù)是年輕人。現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的開放性、多樣性，是的年輕人不得不在西方文化的沖擊中尋找自己的文化定位。實(shí)際上，現(xiàn)在很多年輕人在很多生活方式上已經(jīng)很難分清它是來(lái)自西方還是東方。

Passage 7.In the era of highly developed media culture, young people have more contact than ever with foreign culture.According to CNNIC statistics, by June 30, 2004, China had had 87milion Internet users, most of whom are young people.Coupled with the openness and diversity of modern society, young Chinese people now have to seek their culture orientation under the impact of Western culture.In fact, many aspects of the Western and Eastern lifestyle are so blended that many young people find it difficult to make those lifestyle distinguishable.刺繡（Embroidery）是中國(guó)藝術(shù)的一顆璀璨明珠，在秦漢時(shí)期就已達(dá)到較高的水平。它是一門傳統(tǒng)工藝，有各種樣式，廣泛分布于中國(guó)的各個(gè)地區(qū)。有些精致（elaborate）繡品需要花費(fèi)幾位熟練技工數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年才能完成。在服飾文化中，刺繡工藝占有重要地位。它不僅是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)和手工藝的瑰寶，也是中華文化的重要組成部分。它代表了中國(guó)人民的智慧。Passage 8.Embroidery which had already reached a high level in the Qin and Han dynasties is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art.Embroidery is a traditional craft found in many styles in different parts of China.Some elaborate pieces require months or even years to be finished and call on the skills of several experienced craftspeople.In the costume culture, it occupies an important position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is also an important part of Chinese culture.It represents the wisdom of Chinese people.京劇在中國(guó)有200多年的歷史。它源于華東地區(qū)的徽劇及華中地區(qū)的漢劇，后又汲取了昆曲、河北梆子兩種地方戲的精華。由于這一表演藝術(shù)在北京興起并繁榮，因此而得名。京劇是中國(guó)最有影響力的戲曲，在社會(huì)各階層中都有廣大愛(ài)好者。晴天時(shí)，人們常常可以看到京劇票友（amateurs of Peking Opera performers）在街頭（street corner）、公園或居民區(qū)周圍練唱。觀看京劇是到中國(guó)來(lái)的海外游客最喜愛(ài)的活動(dòng)之一。

Passage 9.Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years in China.It started as a derivative of Hui Opera in eastern China and Han Opera in central China, absorbing valuable elements from two regional operas, Kunqu and HebeiBangzi.Since this performing art arose and flourished in Beijing, hence the name.Peking Opera is the most influential opera in China, claiming numerous enthusiasts in all segments of society.It can be often seen that amateurs of Peking Opera performers sing in street corners, parks or residential areas on fine days.Watching Peking Opera is one of the most popular events among overseas tourists to China.中西方飲食習(xí)慣（eating habits）存在極大的差異。不同于西方人那種每人一盤事物的飲食習(xí)慣，在中國(guó)，菜肴是被放在桌上讓大家共同分享的。如果你在中國(guó)主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌事物的心理準(zhǔn)備。中國(guó)人對(duì)于自己的烹飪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且會(huì)盡全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有時(shí)候，中國(guó)主人會(huì)用他們的筷子把食物夾到你的碗里或盤子中。這是禮貌的體現(xiàn)

Passage 10.There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits.Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food.Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat.This is a sign of politeness.茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個(gè)少數(shù)民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風(fēng)景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布達(dá)拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數(shù)民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時(shí)至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價(jià)值仍然存在?

漢譯英

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, YarlungZangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

第五篇：四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)

隨著中國(guó)的改革開放，如今很多年輕人都喜歡舉行西式婚禮。新娘在婚禮上穿著白色的婚紗，因?yàn)榘咨徽J(rèn)為是純潔的象征。然而，在中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)文化中，白色經(jīng)常是葬禮上使用的顏色。因此務(wù)必記住，白花一定不要用作祝人康復(fù)的禮物，尤其不要送給老年人或危重病人。同樣，禮金也不能裝在白色的信封里，而要裝在紅色的信封里。改革開放：reform and opening up 西式：in western style 葬禮：funeral 祝人康復(fù)的禮物：gifts for patients 危重病人：critically sick patients 禮金：cash gift

With China’s reform and opening up, quite a number of youngsters would like to celebrate their weddings in western style.The bride wears a white wedding dress at the ceremony, as white is regarded as a symbol of purity.However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is a color that is often used in funerals.That’s why it’s necessary to keep in mind that white flowers must not be gifts for patients, especially not for the elders or critically sick patients.Similarly, the cash gift shouldn’t be packed in a white envelope, but in a red one.在中國(guó)文化中，紅色通常象征著好運(yùn)、長(zhǎng)壽和幸福。在春節(jié)和其他喜慶場(chǎng)合，紅色到處可見(jiàn)。人們把現(xiàn)金作為禮物送給家人或親密朋友時(shí)，通常放在紅信封里。紅色在中國(guó)流行的另一個(gè)原因是人們把它與中國(guó)革命和共產(chǎn)黨相聯(lián)系。然而，紅色并不總是代表好運(yùn)和快樂(lè)。因?yàn)閺那八勒叩拿殖Ｓ眉t色書寫，用紅墨水書寫中國(guó)人名被看成是一種冒犯。象征：symbolize signify

mean

represent 到處可見(jiàn)：can be seen/found everywhere

中國(guó)革命和共產(chǎn)黨：Chinese Revolution and Communist Party 冒犯：offense

The color of red in Chinese culture usually symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness.Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and on other joyous occasions.Cash is often put in red envelopes and sent to family members or close friends as a gift.Its popularity in China can also be attributed to the fact that people associate it with the Chinese Revolution and Communist Party.However, red does not signify good luck and joy all the time in that the name of the dead used to be written in red.Thus it is regarded as an offense to write the names of Chinese people in red ink.