第一篇：英語四級段落翻譯練習(一)

段落翻譯

一、對龍圖騰的崇拜在中國大約已綿延了八千多年。中國龍是古人將魚、蛇、馬、牛等動物與云霧、雷電等自然天象集合而成的一種神物。中國龍的形成與中華民族的多元融合過程同步。在中國人的心目中，龍具有振奮騰飛、開拓變化的寓意和團結凝聚的精神。

二、秧歌舞是中國漢族的一種民間傳統(tǒng)舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服裝，他們的表演動作有力迅速。在農歷春節(jié)、元宵節(jié)等節(jié)日期間，人們一旦聽到鑼鼓聲，不管外面天氣有多冷，他們都會蜂擁到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年來，中國東北某些城市的老年人自發(fā)組織了了秧歌隊，隊員常年通過跳秧歌舞來保持健康，同事他們也樂在其中。

三、長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂嶋H上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關，西至嘉峪關——大部分都是在明代修建的。

四、餃子是深受中國人民喜愛的傳統(tǒng)食品。相傳為古代醫(yī)圣張仲景發(fā)明。餃子的制作是包括： 1）搟皮、2）備餡、3）包餡水煮三個步驟。其特點是皮薄餡嫩，味道鮮美，形狀獨特，百食不厭。民間有“好吃不過餃子”的俗語。中國人接親待客、逢年過節(jié)都有包餃子吃的習俗，寓意吉利。對崇尚親情的中國人來說，“更歲交子”吃餃子，更是歡度除夕、辭舊迎新必不可少的內容。

五、針灸是中醫(yī)學的重要組成部分。按照中醫(yī)的經絡理論，針灸療法主要是通過疏通經絡、調和氣血，來達到陰陽歸于平衡，使臟腑趨于調和之目的。其特點是“內病外治”。主要療法是用針刺入病人身體的一定穴位，或用艾火的溫熱刺激燒灼病人的穴位，以達到刺激經絡。治療病痛的目的。針灸以其獨特的優(yōu)勢，流傳至今并傳播到了世界，與中餐、功夫、中藥一起被海外譽為中國的“新四大國粹”。

六、中國功夫即中國武術，是將技擊寓于搏斗和套路運動之中的中國傳統(tǒng)體育項目，承載著豐富的中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和養(yǎng)氣之說，同時兼容了道家、釋家的思想。中國武術源遠流長、流派林立、拳種繁多，講究剛柔并濟、內外兼修，蘊含著先哲們對生命和宇宙的參悟。后世所稱十八般武藝，主要指：徒手拳藝，如太極拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀槍劍戟、斧鉞鉤叉等。

七、漢字是從原始人用以記事的簡單圖畫，經過不斷演變發(fā)展最終成為一種兼具音、形、意韻的獨特文字?，F存中國古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被認為是現代漢字的初形。此后，漢字又經歷了金文、隸書、楷書、草書、行書等不同的階段。漢字結構“外圓內方“，源于古人”天圓地方“的觀念。漢字有五種基本筆畫，即：橫、豎、撇、捺、折。

八、中國人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上獨樹一幟。有史記載用筷的歷史已有三千多年?？曜庸艜r稱為箸，它看似簡單，但卻同時具有夾、撥、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多種功能。中國民間視筷子為吉祥之物，如婚俗中將筷子隱喻為快生貴子的祝福等。與使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成雙結對的筷子含有“和為貴“的意蘊。西方人贊譽筷子是古老的東方文明。

九、印章就是圖章。中國歷代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱記、合同、符、契等等不同的稱謂，而帝王所用的印章古時稱璽、印、寶、章等。據史料記載，印章在戰(zhàn)國時代已普遍使用。印章的制作是將篆隸等字體、圖像用陰、陽的形式雕刻而成，形狀以圓、方為主。印章用朱色

鈐蓋，除日常應用外，又多用于書畫題識，逐漸成為中國特有的藝術形式之一。

十、天干地支是中國歷法中用以記錄和命名年歲的方法。十天干為：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支為：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人觀測朔望月，發(fā)現月亮圓缺12次大體上是一年的天數，而兩個朔望月約是60天。古人以十天干與十二地支的順序依次相配，記錄不同年份，60年為一個輪回。干支紀年法從古沿用至今。按干支紀年法，2011年便是辛卯年。C

十一、京劇被譽為“東方歌劇”，是地道的中國國粹。它起源于中國多種古老的地方戲劇，特別是南方的“徽班”。到了19世紀末，京劇形成并成為中國最大的戲曲劇種。京劇是綜合性表演藝術，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）為一體，通過程式化的表演手段，敘述故事，刻畫人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、凈（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行當。

十二、道教是中國土生土長長的宗教。創(chuàng)始人是春秋末期的哲學家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德經》為主要經典。道教主張“重人貴生”。崇尚清靜無為，修身養(yǎng)性?！暗揽傻溃浅５?。名可名，非常名。無名天地之始；有名萬物之母。故常無，欲以觀其妙；常有，欲以觀其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、中國成語是漢語中意義完整的表示一般概念的固定詞組或短語?！俺烧Z”中的“成”既是約定俗成。成語是比詞大而語法功能又相當于詞的語言單位。絕大多數的中國成語由四個漢字組成，例如：自強不息、青出于藍、厚積薄發(fā)。成語主要從民間諺語、古代文學作品、詩歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提煉而成，是漢語語言中精煉而又富有生命力的一部分。

十四、中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。栽桑、養(yǎng)蠶、繅絲、織綢是中國古代人民的偉大發(fā)明。商周時期絲綢的生產技術就已發(fā)展到相當高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯灣、地中海緊密聯系起來，開辟了中外交流貿易的新紀元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質、精美的花色和豐富的文化內涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。東方文明的使者。

十五、中國園林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等與自然地貌有機結合的環(huán)境藝術，是我國古代建筑藝術的珍寶。其建造原則是“妙極自然，宛自天開”。游賞中國古典園林，能充分領略“假自然之景，創(chuàng)山水真趣”的園林意境。在世界三大園林體系中，中國園林歷史悠久、內涵豐富，被譽為世界造園史上的淵源之一。

十六、筆墨紙硯是中國古代文人書房當中必備的寶貝，被稱為“文房四寶”。用筆墨書寫繪畫在中國可追溯到五千年前。秦時已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制筆；漢代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了紙張以后，簡牘錦帛逐失其用；硯臺則隨筆墨的使用而發(fā)展。“文房四寶”到宋朝以后特指湖筆、徽墨、宣紙、端硯。可以說文房四寶書寫了整個中華文明。

十七、中國書法（calligraphy），像中國漢字一樣，最初見于殷商時期（Yin or Shang Dynasty）。書法不是像寫字那樣僅僅是為了達到社會交流的目的，而是一種用來表達作者思想，抱負以及自身感情的藝術。作為中國上乘藝術世界特有的一個構件，書法也是外國友人津津樂道或者掌握的最富挑戰(zhàn)性的藝術形式之一。學習中國書法，必須對中國文字的起源有所了解。書法這門藝術包含了很多理論，也需要很多技巧，能夠達到書法藝術最高境界的書法家并無幾人。十八、十二生肖（animal sign）在中國非常流行。十二屬相是一個用來紀年的十二年的循環(huán)（cycle）。長期以來，人們與十二生肖之間有著特別的關系。許多藝術形式都取材于十二生肖。屬相有其特別的文化內涵，如屬鼠的人往往聰明，懂得積累財富。屬相還有助于在社交活動中得知別人的年齡。為了避免直接問及一個人的年齡，人們通常問他的屬相，這就可以確定他在十二生肖的排位。然而通常問屬相只是在朋友和熟人之間弄明白誰的年齡更大。

十九、農歷正月十五日的元宵節(jié)（Lantern Festival）是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。自漢代（Han Dynasty）起中國人就開始慶祝元宵節(jié)了。如今元宵節(jié)已經成為一個人們娛樂消遣的節(jié)日。節(jié)日期間，各地舉行各式各樣的燈節(jié)，街上會掛起形狀不同、大小各異的燈籠，引得無數游人駐足。另外還舉行猜燈謎、敲年鼓、耍龍燈、趕廟會等其他娛樂活動。元宵節(jié)另一個重要組成部分是吃元宵（也稱湯圓），很顯然它們是因為元宵節(jié)而得名的。

二十、師父/師傅是用來指大師或老師。通常用于武術（martial arts）的語境，表示一種教導關系。在中國大陸，師父/師傅是用來對需要知識或技術的各行各業(yè)的一種常見的尊稱，例如教師、司機、廚師、家庭裝飾人員以及某些行業(yè)和藝術中的一些長者，而且他們都有豐富的經驗，例如繪畫與書法（calligraphy）。在現代俚語（slang）中，人們用這個詞來加強與其他人的關系，尤其是不太熟悉的人。

二十一、舞龍（dragon dance）是中國文化中一種傳統(tǒng)的舞蹈與表演形式。舞龍最多出現于節(jié)日慶祝中，這與舞獅相似。在舞龍中，一隊人用竿舉著龍。傳統(tǒng)的龍在表演中的動作象征著它的歷史角色，即對力量和威嚴的表現。龍深深地扎根于中國文化之中，中國人經常認為自己是“龍的傳人”并將其作為民族身份的象征。東方和西方都存在著龍的文化。在西方的許多文學作品中都可以找到龍，而且這些龍與中國龍存在著巨大的差異。

二十二、放鞭炮（firecrackers）是春節(jié)慶祝時最盛行的習俗之一。在宋朝，人們用火藥制作鞭炮，代替以前的爆竹。最初，放鞭炮是為了驅趕邪惡，尋求幸?！，F在放鞭炮驅趕邪惡的用意逐漸淡化，更多的是為了增加節(jié)日的氣氛。由于燃放煙花爆竹會引起火災和造成人身傷害，所以近來各地方市區(qū)都有規(guī)定禁止燃放煙花爆竹。盡管有禁止燃放煙花爆竹的規(guī)定，但很多市民還是會到鄉(xiāng)村、郊區(qū)放煙花來慶祝新年。

一、Chinese Dragon

Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years.The ancients in China considered the dragon(or loong)a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena.The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation.To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、Yangko Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces.The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid.During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko.Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、The Great Wall

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower;or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.”In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings

Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes.According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing.There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1)make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2)prepare the dumpling stuffing;3)make dumplings and boil them.With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times.There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”.During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings.To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.五、Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs.It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”.The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain.With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world.Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu(otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”

六、Chinese Kung Fu

Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance.It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks.The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi”(otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit).Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism.Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training.It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe.The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing(Taijiquan), form and will boxing(Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm(Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.七、Chinese Characters

Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things.After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time.The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters.Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc.Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth.The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“(the horizontal stroke)“│”(the vertical stroke), “／”(the left-falling stroke), “＼”(the right-falling stroke), and “乙”(the turning stroke).八、Chinese Chopsticks

The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world.The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago.Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese.They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on.Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China.For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon.Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”.Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.九、Chinese Seal

A seal can also be defined as a stamp.Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others.The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc.According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period(475BC-221BC).The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on;or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square.Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies.It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.十、Chinese Era

The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years.The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui.The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn.In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle.The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now.according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.十一、Beijing Opera

Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China.It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China.At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China.Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance.Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting.The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan(young female), jing(painted face, male), and chou(clown, male or female).十二、Chinese Taoism

Taoism first originated in China.The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period(770BC-476BC).Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic.Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature.The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;The names that can be named are not unvarying names.It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.十三、Chinese Idioms

Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions.Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice.An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word.Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.For example, ziqiangbuxi(make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa(success comes with time and effort).Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings.Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.十四、Chinese silk

China is the home of silk.Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese.As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties(1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level.During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication.From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations.Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.十五、Chinese Classical Garden

The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture.It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape.The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.十六、The Four Treasures of the Study

The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty(221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes.During the Han Dynasty(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink.After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out.The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.After the Song Dynasty(960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province;huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province;xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province;and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province(Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.十七、Chinese Calligraphy Chinese Calligraphy, like character, first appeared during the Yin or Shang Dynasty.Calligraphy, unlike writing for the sole purpose of social communication, is an art used to express the ideas, accomplishments, and feelings of the calligrapher.Calligraphy is a special category in China’s world of fine arts and one of the most challenging Chinese art forms for a foreigner to appreciate or master.Studying Chinese calligraphy one must learn something about the origins of Chinese characters.Calligraphy is an art of form that involves a great deal of theory and requires many skills;consequently there are few calligraphers that have reached the highest realm of calligraphy.十八、Animal Sign The 12 animal signs are very popular in China.The Chinese animal signs are a 12-year cycle used for dating the years.For a long time there has been a special relationship between humans and the 12 animal signs.The 12 animal signs are widely used in many art forms.These animal signs have specific cultural connotations.For example, people under the rat sign are usually smart and willing to accumulate wealth.The animal signs also serve a useful social function for finding out people’s ages.Instead of asking directly how old a person is, people often ask what his or her animal sign is.This would place that person’s age within a cycle of 12 years.More often, asking for animal signs is simply to know who is older among friends and acquaintances.十九、The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival is a traditional festival celebrated by Chinese on the 15th of the 1st lunar month.Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival since the Han Dynasty.Nowadays the Lantern Festival has become an occasion for people to entertain themselves and have fun.During the Lantern Festival, different lantern appreciation activities are held, lanterns of various shapes and sizes are hung in the streets, attracting countless visitors.Other entertainments such as guessing riddles on lanterns, beating drums, playing dragon lanterns and going to fairs are also held.Another important part of the Lantern Festival is eating small dumpling balls, yuanxiao or tangyuan.Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself.

第二篇：大學英語四級翻譯練習一

中國畫

中國畫線條簡單，卻能給人無限的想象空間。所以中國人看畫，事實上是在心里作畫。也許有人會問：中國的山水畫家為什么老是喜歡畫一些簡陋的茅屋，而不畫高大的建筑呢？這是因為中國人覺得物質生活是短暫的，人的精神卻是永恒的。一個人如果領悟了天地的遼闊，山水的悠久，他還能不察覺自己的渺小，而變得謙虛嗎？ Chinese painting Chinese painting, though simple in line, inspires a boundless realm of imagination.Therefore, when Chinese people appreciate their painting, they are actually painting in their mind.Some may ask;why do Chinese landscape painters love to paint shabby thatched cottages instead of high buildings? It is because they sense the brevity of physical life but he eternity of the human spirit.If one realizes the boundlessness of heaven and earth and the eternity of mountains and rivers, how could he be otherwise than humble at his own insignificance in the universe?

謙虛

中國人說話總是很客氣，這并不是中國人虛偽，而是他們處世做人的一種基本態(tài)度---謙虛。中國人一向不愿跟別人爭勝，但是自己一定要懷抱著高遠的理想。如果他說沒有什么菜，意思是說：不管拿出多少好吃的東西來款待你，仍然不能充分表示對你的尊重和歡迎。在中國的山水畫里往往沒有人，就是有，也畫得很小，只能算點綴。這是中國人對大自然的謙虛，他把自己融入風景里，而不讓風景來陪襯自己。

Chinese people are always humble in conversation.It is not out of deceit, but out of their basic principle for conducting themselves in life: modesty.They don’t often want to contend for the upper hand, but certainly hold lofty ambition within themselves.By saying there is not much to eat, they mean that no matter how much delicious food may be served, it is never enough to show their respect for and hospitability towards you.In Chinese paintings, there are no humans, or if there are any they are merely tiny adornments.It is out of their humility in nature, by blending humans into the scenery instead of highlighting humans above it.燒菜

燒菜是一種藝術。所以會燒菜的人一定懂得配菜，知道哪幾種菜配在一起，顏色鮮明可愛；哪一種菜要加些什么作料才好吃；燒哪些菜要用快火，哪些菜要用慢火。這些事都不簡單，全靠廚子的技術和經驗；做久了，自然熟能生巧。中國人講究生活的藝術，如果只有很少的菜錢，他們就特別用些心思，把簡單的食物做得味道鮮美，增加生活的樂趣。Cooking Cooking can be considered an art.A good chef know how to complement material in the dish.He has the knowledge of what ingredients make lovely bright colors, of the spices that make a dish delicious, and of the need for quick heat or slow fire to make dishes taste right.All this is not simple, but is dependent on the technique and experience of the chef, who can only reach perfection after long practice.Chinese people stress the art of living.If they have but little to expend on food, they will pay special attention to the cooking, making delicious dishes out of the simple ingredients that add spice to life.自強不息

中華文明歷來注重自強不息，不斷革故鼎新?！疤煨薪?，君子以自強不息?！边@是中國的一句千年傳世格言。中華民族之所以能在5000多年的歷史進程中發(fā)展壯大，歷經挫折而不屈，屢遭坎坷而不餒，靠的就是這樣一種發(fā)瘋圖強、堅忍不拔與時俱進的精神。中國人民在克服前進道路上的各種困難中表現出來的頑強毅力，正是這種自強不息精神的生動寫照。Self-improvement Chinese civilization has always emphasized unremitting self-improvement, reform and innovation.An ancient Chinese motto has been handed down to generations for thousands of years, i.e., “As Heaven keeps vigorous through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.” Throughout its 5,000-year history, it is thanks to perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that the Chinese nation has grown after surviving numerous setbacks and adversity.Chinese people’s great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress gives expression to their traditional spirit of unremitting self-improvement..

第三篇：2013年12月英語四級段落翻譯(新題型練習)

2013年12月新題型 大學英語四級考試

?翻譯題型

新改革后翻譯題型:段落翻譯（漢譯英）

測試學生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達出 來的能力。分值比例：15% 考試時間：30分鐘。

內容：中國歷史、文化、經濟、社會發(fā)展 長度：140-160個漢字；

大學英語四級考試新題型評分標準

檔次 13-15分 10-12分 7-9分 4-6分 1-3分 0分 評 分 標 準 譯文準確表達了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上 無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。譯文基本上表達了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語 言錯誤。譯文勉強表達了原文的意思。用詞欠準確，語言錯誤相當多，其中有些是嚴重語言錯誤。譯文僅表達了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準確，有相當多 的嚴重語言錯誤。譯文支離破碎。除個別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達 原文意思。未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關。

樣卷 ? Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.樣題

剪紙（paper cutting）是中國最為流行的 傳統(tǒng)民間藝術形式之一。中國剪紙有一千 五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春 節(jié)和婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房 間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏 色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在 世界各地很受歡迎，經常被用作饋贈外國 友人的禮物。注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

練習1 ? 中國將進一步發(fā)展經濟、擴大開放，這對 海外企業(yè)（enterprises）意味著更多的商機。改革開放以來，中國企業(yè)與海外企業(yè)一直 積極開展經濟技術合作，并取得了巨大成 就。海外企業(yè)不僅幫助了中國企業(yè)的成長，而且也在合作中獲得了收益。中國政府將 繼續(xù)提供有利的政策和條件，推動中國企 業(yè)與國外企業(yè)進一步開展合作。

key 1

? China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises.Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement.Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation.Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.練習2 ? 獅舞（Lion Dance）是中國最廣為流傳的民間舞蹈 之一。獅為百獸之首，在中國傳統(tǒng)中，獅子被視 為是能帶來好運的吉祥物（mascot）。古人將獅 子視作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驅趕邪惡、保護 人類。據記載，獅舞已擁有了2,000多年的歷史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），獅舞就已經被引入 了皇室。因此，舞獅成為元宵節(jié)（the Lantern Festival）和其他節(jié)日的習俗，人們以此來祈禱好 運、平安和幸福。

Key 2 ? The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.練習3 ? 假日經濟的現象表明：中國消費者的消費 觀正在發(fā)生巨大變化。根據統(tǒng)計數據，中 國消費者的消費需求正在從基本生活必需 品轉向對休閑、舒適和個人發(fā)展的需求。同時，中國人的消費觀在蓬勃發(fā)展的假日 經濟中正變得成熟。因此產品結構應做相 應調整，來適應社會的發(fā)展。另一方面，服務質量要改善，以滿足人們提高生活質 量的要求。Key 3 ? The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.練習4 ? 端午節(jié)，又叫龍舟節(jié)，是為了紀念愛國詩人屈原。屈原是一位忠誠和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他給國家?guī)砹撕推胶头睒s。但最后因為受到誹謗（vilify）而最終投河自 盡。人們撐船到他自盡的地方，拋下粽子，希望魚兒吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身軀。幾 千年來，端午節(jié)的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和賽龍舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

Key 4 ? The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.練習5

? 2013年6月20日在中國各地，劇估計60萬兒童和他們 的老師觀看了有宇航員（astronaut）王亞平在距離 地球300公里的上空所講授的科學課。王亞平與兩個 同事乘坐天宮一號實驗艙(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module)執(zhí)行為期兩周的任務。她在課上進行了一系 列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中還對比了在地球 上重力（one-gravity）環(huán)境下同樣的實驗。這堂物理 課不僅讓孩子們享受了一堂知識與樂趣兼具的物理 課，也顯示了 我國通信科技的前進。

Key 5 ? On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping.Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission.Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space.In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth.The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.6、朝氣蓬勃，充滿活力，豐富多彩的上海是現代中國的縮影。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市風貌，風格各異的萬國建筑為這座城市注入了無限的魅力。今日之上海，已經成為享譽中外的國際大都市。漫步在這座日新月異的現代大都市里，你會發(fā)現許多精彩的歷史亮點，隱現在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發(fā)展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀末開埠以來，尤其是新中國成立以后，是如何迅猛發(fā)展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city-the very epitome of modern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own.Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past.Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.7、近代以來，亞洲經歷了曲折和艱難的發(fā)展歷程。亞洲人們?yōu)楦淖冏约旱拿\，始終以不屈的意志和艱辛的奮斗開辟前進道路。今天，人們所看到的亞洲發(fā)展成就，是勤勞智慧的亞洲人民不屈不撓、鍥而不舍奮斗的結果。亞洲人民深知，世界上沒有放之四海而皆準的發(fā)展模式，也沒有一成不變的發(fā)展道路，亞洲人民勇于變革創(chuàng)新，不斷開拓進取，探索和開辟適應時代潮流，符合自身實際的發(fā)展道路，為經濟社會發(fā)展打開了廣闊前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development.To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle.Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable.They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.8、吸煙之危害，可謂大矣，其嚴重性是不能低估的。吸煙污染空氣，損害健康，使肺癌發(fā)病率大大增加。為了使各國人民關注煙草的盛行及預防吸煙導致的疾病和死亡，世界衛(wèi)生組織已將每年的5月31日定為“世界無煙日”。癮君子們說，一天飯不吃可以，一個時辰不抽煙就難捱了，不能戒。只要真正意識到吸煙有百害而無一利，于人于己都是一種禍害，就有可能下決心擺脫煙草的誘惑。戒煙貴在堅持，堅持下去就是收獲。

Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated.Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer.To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO(World Health Organization)has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day.The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours.However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco.To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists, he’ll be rewarded.9、越來越多受英文教育的海外華人父母，已經認識到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同時，也通曉中文的重要性。中國的崛起，讓他們充分認識到孩子掌握雙語的好處——既能增加他們的就業(yè)機會，也能讓他們接觸和熟悉東西方兩種不同的文化。這些人對中文的態(tài)度幾乎沒有完全改變。曾幾何時，他們還非常驕傲地宣稱自己只懂英文。現在，他們已開始積極支持孩子學習中文和中國文化，而且還不時走訪中國，欣賞壯觀的自然風光，認識豐富的文化遺產。

An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese.China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.10、我贊同許多東亞學者的觀點，東方文明可以醫(yī)治盛行于西方世界的一些頑疾。西方世界個人自由主義泛濫導致了極端個人主義、性關系混亂以及過度暴力行為，對此我們不能視而不見。// 相反，東方社會的自我約束力，集體責任感以及溫厚儒雅的傳統(tǒng)倒可以消除西方社會的許多惡疾。// 在這個信息時代，世界已縮小成一個地球村。這個地球村里，不再有什么涇渭分明的東方世界和西方世界，我們是生活在同一個社區(qū)里的鄰里。// 因此，我們彼此之間無須沖突。我們之間的關系應該是一種友好合作，平等互補的關系。我們應該相互理解，相互學習，和睦共處。

I share the same view with many East Asian scholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing, stubborn Western ills.We should not turn a blind eye to the fact that individual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extreme individualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast, self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asia can offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunk as a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and the West any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore, we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other.Our relationship is one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementary and therefore, we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//

11、國際貿易的基本原則是平等互利，各國追求各自的利益是正常的，出現一些摩擦和糾紛也是不可避免的。關鍵要以冷靜而明智的態(tài)度正確對待和處理摩擦和糾紛。// 就中美貿易而言，互利共贏的經貿關系給兩國人民帶來了實實在在的經 6 濟利益。今天，美國在華投資設立的企業(yè)已超過4 萬家，投資額達450 億美元。// 美國500 強企業(yè)有400 多家進入中國，大多數企業(yè)獲利豐厚。與此同時，在美國市場上，許多中國商品受到美國消費者的青睞。中國在美國投資設立的企業(yè)已超過1000 家。// 我們可以預見，中美貿易摩擦將隨著經貿關系的深化而凸顯，但是中美經貿合作的總體發(fā)展是不可逆轉的。主要有兩個原因，其一：中美貿易具有很大互補性。其二：中國產品具有明顯的勞動力成本優(yōu)勢。// Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade.Therefore, it is normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes.The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.-invested enterprises, the total investment in China stands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in China, and most of them are making handsome profit.At the same time, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation.The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible.There are two factors contributed to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S.economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields.Secondly, China has an outstanding labor cost advantage.//

12、中國國際出版集團是中國最大的、最權威的外語出版發(fā)行單位，其前身是中央人民政府新聞出版署國際新聞局。// 我集團堅持“讓中國走向世界，讓世界了解中國”的出版原則，全心致力于中國外語教育與研究事業(yè)的發(fā)展，全心致力于中外文化交流事業(yè)的拓展。// 為了加強對出版人才隊伍的建設，為了滿足日益增長的特殊出版業(yè)務的需要，我集團每年都要選派一些青年員工到國內外知名高等學府和研究機構進修，// 根據我們的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，我們會將前進的步伐邁出國界走向世界，瞄準海外讀者群，這一戰(zhàn)略已取得了良好的開局。// The China International Publishing Group is the largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing and distribution establishment, its predecessor being the International Press Bureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the world and facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group commits 7 itself entirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancing cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build up a strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technically demanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected and sent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas, for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy, we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the world circulation market, aiming at the international readership.Our initial efforts have been very rewarding.//

13、改革開放30 年來，隨著中國逐漸崛起成為政治經濟強國，海外人士學習漢語的現象與日俱增，海外孔子學院也成了人們學習中國語言和中國文化的首選之地。// 通過學習漢語，他們對這個和自己文化大相徑庭的古老文明產生了濃厚的興趣，而且有機會了解中國的哲學、藝術、醫(yī)學、飲食文化，親身體驗這個文明古國的風采。// 作為第二文化，中國文化也豐富了他們的生活和世界觀?？梢哉f，這個潮流方興未艾。越來越多的學習漢語的美國人除了對中國菜肴贊不絕口之外，也在嘗試針灸，草藥和武術。//他們也看功夫電影，學習東方時裝潮流和手工藝，不知不覺的在日常生活中談及中國的點心，人參、銀杏，烏龍茶等。目前在美國最熱門的中國文化是道家學說和有著神秘色彩的風水學。

As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs.And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners.This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay.Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts.Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language.The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.// 8

14、上海菜系是中國最年輕的地方菜系，通常被成為“本幫菜”，有著400多年的歷史。同中國其他菜系一樣，“本幫菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特點是注重調料的使用，食物的質地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色點心“南翔小籠”和特色菜“松鼠鮭魚”。//“南翔小籠”是豬肉餡，個小味美，皮薄汁醇?！八墒篚q魚”色澤黃亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而內肉嫩，湯汁酸甜適口。//在品嘗過“松鼠鮭魚”之后，我們常常驚訝于“松鼠”的形狀，覺得在三大評價標準上在添加“形”這個標準才更合適。// Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China, with a history of more than 400 years.Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.Shanghai cuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings and a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filled inside with ground pork and rich tasty soup.Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish is yellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, all covered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is more appropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element.15、美國人強調效率、競爭和獨創(chuàng)性，而中國人則將嚴謹規(guī)劃放在首位，鼓勵團隊成員之間的密切合作和無私奉獻。//在美國學校，討論享有至高無上的地位，討論是課堂教學的主旋律；而中國教師喜歡講課，喜歡考試，編寫千篇一律的標準教案，培養(yǎng)整齊劃一的高材生。//美國人的政治觀，經濟觀以及社會觀的核心是個人道德自治觀。中國傳統(tǒng)的思想體系是以儒家學說為基礎的，這種思想強調整體和諧。//現在，中美聯系比以往更加緊密，中國人學英語，玩保齡球，吃肯德基，美國人學漢語，練功夫，吃北京烤鴨，《泰坦尼克》駛進中國，《牡丹亭》也在百老匯上演。// American people emphasize efficiency, competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class, and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations.They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are 9 happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy.Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever.Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Fu, like Peking Duck.And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion has been performed on Broadway.//

第四篇：英語四級考試段落翻譯練習2(可直接打印)

大學英語四級考試段落翻譯題練習（2）

1.波士頓咨詢公司最近做的一項研究顯示，到2020年中國將會有2.2億家庭收入在2萬到100萬美元的富裕消費者。這些消費者中75%住在“較小城市”。隨著網絡的發(fā)展，較小城市的消費者的一種必然趨勢是他們更加依賴社交網絡服務上的信息。很多網絡顧客都是通過微信、微博和QQ空間分組的。據估計今年中國將會有2.5億消費者進行網購，位于四線城市的消費者平均每人會花費他們50%或者更高的工資在網購上，這一數據要比一線城市的消費者的花費高。

2.聘金是中國傳統(tǒng)習俗的一部分。這一習慣在整個中國都很普遍。但是近幾年來其標準不斷上升，致使大多數家庭都很難達到。高額的聘禮常常“搶劫”了新郎父母必生的積蓄，甚至引起家庭糾紛。此外，許多新婚夫婦被迫舉行奢侈的婚禮宴會，在這個過程中，大量債務的累積可能使他們的新婚生活變得辛酸，至少在最初階段是這樣。想想老一輩節(jié)儉的婚禮，雖然簡簡單單，但也幸福美滿，沒有給他們婚后的生活帶來任何負擔。

3.我整整一生都處于對武術的癡迷之中。但是當我搬到一個有功夫俱樂部的城市時，我才真正體會到了武術的魅力，同時也完全理解了為什么人們稱它為一種藝術。它是一種戰(zhàn)斗同時也是在進行一種自我防衛(wèi)，這其實也達到了讓你更加了解自己的身體，從而使它變得更加強壯和健康的目的。功夫是一門完整的哲學，而且是中國文化的重要組成部分。當我開始練習功夫的時候，我才意識到它有多么地困難，哪怕是簡單的一踢或者一打就需要幾個月的時間去練習。但是我太愛它了！一個全新的世界正向我敞開它的大門。

4.來自利物浦大學的科學家、心理學家和英文教授發(fā)現，閱讀莎士比亞及其他古典作家的作品對心智發(fā)展大有裨益。這些作品能夠抓住讀者的注意力，引發(fā)讀者的自我反思。研究還發(fā)現，閱讀書籍，尤其是詩歌，可以增加與“自傳體記憶”有關的大腦右半球的活動頻率，有助于讀者根據閱讀內容對個人經歷進行反思和重新評價。學者們表示，這意味著閱讀古典作品比閱讀自助類書籍更有幫助。

5.隨著中國日益成為韓國的重要貿易伙伴，兩國的聯系從外交和貿易延伸到了教育領域。中國是韓國最大的出口目的地，吸收了韓國約四分之一的出口產品，同時也吸引了韓國超過四分之一的留學生。雖然在美國留學的好處之一是可以練習英語（對找工作的人來說英語依然是最重要的語言），但韓國雇主對有中國經歷的畢業(yè)生的需求越來越大。比如三星集團兩年前說，具有中文語言能力的求職者會得到額外的加分。

6.他們毒害年輕人的心靈，腐化年輕人的靈魂。正是它們，讓年輕人坐在沙發(fā)上虛度時光，沉浸于危險重重的幻想世界。18世紀的批評家們對于新媒體對年輕人的沖擊感到憂心忡忡，他們向小說提出了如此的控訴。時至今日，小說害人的說法聽起來已是如此的荒謬。對于當今時代那些控訴電視游戲使年輕人變成暴力罪犯的批評者們，歷史最終也將對他們做出同樣的審判。

7.中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如，我國的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是紀念古代 詩人屈原的日子。那一天，人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征 著圓滿，象征著家庭團聚。因此，中秋節(jié)(The

Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一種圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國 的農歷新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常見的家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習俗 烹制傳統(tǒng)食物，如餃子和年糕。

8.北京有無數的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅 是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境，而且還是一門建筑藝術。通常，胡同內有一個大雜院，房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今，隨著社會和經濟的飛速發(fā)展，很多胡同被新的高樓大 廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。

1.【參考譯文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from

households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities.With the

development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services.Many of the website’s customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones.It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a

fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities.2.【參考譯文】Endowment may be part of Chinese tradition, but the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them.The high endowment amounts often rob grooms’ parents of their life’s savings and causes family disputes.Besides, many newly married couples are forced to host extravagant wedding ceremonies to keep up with the Joneses and, in the process, run up huge debts that could turn their married life sour, at least in the initial phase.Considering the frugal wedding of many parents, simple but happiness, didn’t have any bearing on their married life.3.【參考譯文】I've been interested in martial arts in my whole life.But it was only when I moved to another city where there was a Kungfu club, that I really enjoyed it and fully understood why they call it an art.It is fighting and defending yourself, but it also understanding your body more, making it stronger and healthier.Kungfu is a whole philosophy and is a big part of Chinese culture.When I started to practice kungfu I realized how difficult it was.Even a simple kick or punch demanded months of practice.But I loved it!A whole new world was opening to me.4.【參考譯文】Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind, it catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-reflection.The

research also found that reading books, in particular poems, increases the activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, an area concerned with “autobiographical memory”, which helps the reader to reflect on and reappraise their own experiences in light of what they have read.The academics said this meant the classics were more useful than self-help books.5.【參考譯文】As China’s increasing importance as a trading partner becomes palpable in neighboring South Korea, the connections between the countries are extending from diplomacy and trade to education.As South Korea’s biggest export destination, China takes in a quarter of South Korea’s exports—and it also attracts more than a quarter of its neighbor’s students abroad.Although studying in the United States is practice speaking English, which is still seen as the most important

language for job seekers, Korean employers are increasingly looking for graduates with experience in China.Samsung Group, for example, said two years ago that job applicants with Chinese language skills would get bonus points.6.【參考譯文】They poisoned the mind and corrupted the morals of young people, which wasted their time sitting on sofas immersed in dangerous fantasy worlds.Critics in the 18th century were so worried about the impact of new media on young people that they lodged the

above-mentioned charge against novels.Today the idea that novels can harm people sounds daft.And that is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals.7.【參考譯文】Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals.For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day

established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day.The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion.The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake.The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or thenew year cake.8.【參考譯文】In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs.The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing.The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture.Usually, there is a

courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.Nowadays, with rapid social and economic

development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings.I hope hutongs can be preserved.

第五篇：英語四級段落翻譯練習題30篇

英語四級段落翻譯練習題30篇

一、目錄

1、西湖，2、長城，3、論語，4、中國制造，5、傳統(tǒng)美，6、生活的藝術，7、主動失業(yè)，8、湖泊，9、地域菜系，10、出境旅游，11、竺可楨，12、乒乓球，13、找工作，14、八大菜系，15、城市化進程，16、人類文明演變，17、大學生就業(yè)選擇，18、全球變暖，19、茶馬古道，20、月光族，21、出境游，22、全球變暖，23、中國經濟活動放緩，24、探望父母，25、端午節(jié)，26、教育公平，27、飲酒，28、筷子，29、臘八節(jié)，30、京劇

二、段落翻譯

1、西湖 西湖位于杭州市中心的西部，是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的緣故，杭州自古就被譽為“人間天堂”。西湖就像鑲嵌(inlay)在廣袤大地上的一顆璀璨的明珠，以其秀麗的風景、聞名的古跡、燦爛的文化和豐富的特產而聞名。宋代大文豪蘇軾在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妝濃抹總相宜”的千古絕唱;白娘子的傳奇故事(The Legend ofWhite Snake)也給西湖增添了一層神秘色彩。

The West Lake

The West Lake, located in the western area of Hangzhou's center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze River.Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as“a heaven on earth” since ancient times.The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties.The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up(rainy or shiny).The Legend of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.2、長城 長城(the Great wall)又被稱作“萬里長城”，不僅是中華文明的瑰寶，也是中國古代人民智慧的結晶。長城是世界文化遺產(world cultural heritage)之一，更是中華民族的象征。其在建筑上的價值，足以與其在歷史和戰(zhàn)略上的重要性相媲美。長城現存的遺址有很多處，其中北京的八達嶺長城是馳名中外的景區(qū)，也是明代長城最具代表性的一段，每年都會接待來自世界各地的許多游客。

The Great Wall The Great Wall, which is also called “wan li chang cheng" in Chinese language, is not only the treasure of Chinese civilization, but also the masterpiece made by the ancient Chinese people.The Great Wall is not only one of the world cultural heritages, but the symbol of the Chinese nation.Its architectural value is comparable to its historical and strategic importance.Among the numerous remains of the Great Wall, Badaling in Beijing is the most popular destination that has won fame both at home and abroad.It can also be regarded as the most representative section of the Wall ever constructed during the Ming Dynasty.Every year it attracts many tourists from all over the world.3、論語 《論語》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的經典著作之一，它是對孔子及其弟子(disciple)的言行和對話的記錄。眾所周知，孔子是一位偉大的思想家和哲學家，他的思想被1 發(fā)展成了的儒家哲學體系。《論語》是儒家思想的代表作，數個世紀以來，《論語》一直極大地影響著中國人的哲學觀和道德觀，它也影響著其他亞洲國家人民的哲學觀和道德觀。

The Analects of Confucius The Analects of Confucius is one of the Confucius classics and is a record of the words and acts of Confucius and his disciples, as well as the conversations they held.It's well-known that Confucius is a great ideologist and philosopher, and his thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism.The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism.For centuries, it has been heavily influencing the philosophy and moral outlook of Chinese people and that of the people of other Asian countries as well.4、中國制造 中國公司想創(chuàng)造世界品牌，外國公司想增加在中國的銷量，這些都正改變著中國的設計產業(yè)。中國制造商意識到，若他們想在本國市場脫穎而出，在外國市場嶄露頭角，就必須設計更好的產品。索尼這樣的外國公司也開始明白，從前海外公司常把隨便什么地方設計的產品拿到中國來賣，而現在，中國消費者變得更加挑剔，他們不再那樣容易滿足了。

Made in China Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously, the overseas companies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market, but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.分析: 若他們想在本國市場脫穎而出，在外國市場嶄露頭角，就必須設計更好的產品。這里的“脫穎而出”和“嶄露頭角意思相近”，我們盡量選擇不同的譯法，兩個詞語可以分別譯為“stand out”和“distinguish themselves”。

5、傳統(tǒng)美 對于一名女子來說，傳統(tǒng)美是她的唯一標志。她的皮膚應該天生麗質，沒有皺紋，沒有疤痕，沒有瑕疵。她的身材應該消瘦苗條，通常高挑個，雙腿修長，其中青春年少則是首要條件。所有在電視廣告中出現的“花容月貌”的靚女都符合這個標準。這種形象是認為的，是可以人工塑造的。許多婦女盡其所能來擺布和修改自己的容貌體態(tài)。

To a woman, the traditional beauty is her only mark.Her skin should be born smooth without wrinkles, scars or flaws.Her body should be slim and thin, and usually she is tall, having long legs.The youth is the primary condition.All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion.This image is artificial and can be made by people.Many women do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.分析: 她的皮膚應該天生麗質，沒有皺紋，沒有疤痕，沒有瑕疵。本句中的“皺紋”，“疤痕”，“瑕疵”應選意思最接近的英語詞匯，可譯為wrinkle,scar,flaw。

6、生活的藝術 在中國，人們對一切藝術的藝術，即生活的藝術，懂得很多。一個較為年輕的文明國家可能會致力于進步;然而一個古老的文明國度，自然在人生的歷程上見多識廣，她所感興趣的自然是如何過好生活。就中國而言，由于有了中國的人文主義精神，把人當作2 一切事物的中心，把人類幸福當做知識的終結，于是，強調生活的藝術就是更為自然的事情了。但即使沒有人文主義，一個古老的文明也一定會有一個不同的價值尺度，只有這樣，它才會知道什么是“持久的生活樂趣”。任何一個民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

In China, people know a lot about the art of all arts, namely, the art of life.A comparatively young country will dedicate to the progress;however, an ancient civilized country is experienced and knowledgeable in the life road, and naturally she is interested in how to lead a good life.As to China, it is much more natural to emphasize the art of life because of the humanism spirit of China, taking people as the center of everything and making human being's happiness as the end of knowledge.Even if there is no humanism, an ancient civilization would also have its own value standard, and only in this way would it know what the “l(fā)asting life pleasure ”is.Any nation, if it does not know how to enjoy life, must be barbaric and uncivilized in our eyes.分析:

1.人文主義精神

基本素質采分點?？勺g為humanism spirit。

2.任何一個民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我們的眼里，這個民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。

中文句子結構比較松散，在翻譯成英文時我們要盡量使句子間有明顯的邏輯結構。這里“如果?”引導的分句可以作為條件從句前置或內嵌在主句中，“任何一個民族”就可以做主句的主語。

7、主動失業(yè) 截至2005年第三季度，全國勞動力市場供求狀況顯示，我國15歲至29歲的青年總體失業(yè)率達到了9%，遠遠高于4.5%的城鎮(zhèn)平均登記失業(yè)率。而在此之中，選擇主動失業(yè)的占到了一半以上。

“主動放棄就業(yè)機會的原因很多，但這些人都有一個共性，就是不會因為經濟原因餓死。至少在短時間內?！睆偷┐髮W教授葛劍雄認為，社會發(fā)展到現在，一些青年人的確具備了可以失業(yè)的條件。他們不用像上班族那樣刻板地工作，可是相比之下他們的生活卻格外“富足”。

Update to the third quarter of 2005,the supply and demand of the whole nation's labor force market indicated that the overall unemployment rate of our country's youth from the age of 15 to 29 was up to 9%,which was much higher than 4.5% of the average rural area register unemployment rate.Among this group,the number of people actively choosing to be unemployed was more than a half.“There are many reasons to give up the chance of employment,but those people have a common feature that they do not starve for economic reasons at least in a short period.”The professor Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University thought that some young people indeed had the conditions to be unemployed as the society develops to nowadays.They do not need to work routinely like the office workers,but comparatively their life was extremely “well-off”.分析: 選擇主動失業(yè)的占到了一半以上

“選擇主動失業(yè)”翻譯為:“choosing to be unemployed”。

8、湖泊 湖泊奇妙無比。蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳3 著從陽光里飛入樹蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤旋。我們毋庸為時間擔憂，可以從容地欣賞周圍的一切。我乘坐的獨木舟船頭坐著個男孩，他用簡陋的彈弓(sling)發(fā)射石彈擊打飛鳥。他擺出漂亮的架勢瞄準飛鳥，卻一次又一次地偏離目標：鳥總是飛出他的射程。他把彈弓塞回進襯衣內。我移開目光。

湖水與河水都如熱帶雨林中的樹葉那樣乳濁：那水是面紗，是窗簾，是畫屏。

This lake was amazing and wonderful.Herons plodded along the shores, Kingfishers and cuckoos clattered from sunlight to shade, great turkey like birds fussed in dead branches, and hawks hovered above us.There was all the time in the world.And we could appreciate everything surrounding by leisurely.The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped stones at birds with a simple sling, a rubber thong and leather pad.He aimed brilliantly at moving targets, missed again and again;the birds were out of his range.He stuffed his sling back in his shirt.Then I looked away.The lake and river waters were as opaque as rainforest leaves the water was veil, blind, painted screen.分析: 蒼鷺(Heron)在岸邊緩緩地邁著步子，翠鳥(Kingfisher)和杜鵑換腳著從陽光里飛入樹蔭，火雞模樣的大鳥在枯枝間忙碌，鷹在頭上盤旋。

這個句子中描繪的五種動物動作的動詞是翻譯重點，要選擇最恰當的詞匯。另外杜鵑，鷹為常用鳥的名字，譯為cuckoo,hawk。

9、地域菜系 中國一個幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個民族都有其獨特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風俗和其他因素的影響下經過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。

10、出境旅游 聯合國下屬機構世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數據顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻最大。中國人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了40%。聯合國世界旅游組織在其網站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%，約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a 4 statement on its website。

11、竺可楨 1936年竺可楨授命出任浙江大學校長。在此之前，他已經是一位聲名卓著的自然科學家了。從1936年到1949年，竺可楨當了十三年大學校長。在連綿不斷的戰(zhàn)爭、學運的夾縫中，在極為惡劣的環(huán)境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經五省、顛沛流離，居然將這所他接手時只有三個學院、十六個系的大學辦成了擁有七個學院、二十七個學系全國最完整的兩所大學之一。

In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nation's two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over.分析: 他跋涉五千里、五易校址、歷經五省、顛沛流離，顛沛流離:drifted from place to place,這個詞還有另外一層意思就是“無家可歸，生活痛苦”，為了意思表達的全面，將“homeless and miserable”以分詞形式作伴隨狀語譯出，可以表達這是一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

12、乒乓球 乒乓球在中國是一項頗受歡迎和推崇的運動。長期以來，它的確是中國唯一的運動，似乎集足球、籃球和棒球于一身，但卻更受歡迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一個球、一張桌子和一張網而已，這些都易于臨時拼湊(improvise)。人們可以在休息間隙或消磨時間時打兵兵球。在中國的學校、工廠甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。

Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football, basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.13、找工作 如今，越來越多的大學生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現象的原因如下：首先，大學生把在校的大多數 時間都用在了專業(yè)學科學習上，只有當他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓。其次，大學生之間的競爭也越來越激烈，這導致任何一名大學生找到工作的機會都變小了。因此，強烈建議大學生在課余時間做一些兼職工作，以積累相關的工作經驗。

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.5 Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.難點精析

1.抱怨很難找到好工作：翻譯為complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困難”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有當他們開始找工作的時候，才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓：翻譯為it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有當 才 ’’用強調句型it is only when?that?表示。，3.導致：翻譯為results in,同義短語有l(wèi)ead to和bring about，但是表示不好的結果時一般用短語result in。

4.強烈建議：翻譯為it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替換，都表示“強烈建議做某事”。

5.積累相關的工作經驗：翻譯為accumulate relevant working experience.14、八大菜系 中國一個幅員遼闊、資源豐富、歷史悠久的多民族國家，每個民族都有其獨特的豐富菜肴。地域菜系在地理環(huán)境、氣候、文化傳統(tǒng)、民族風俗和其他因素的影響下經過悠久歷史的發(fā)展已經成形。最有影響力、最具代表性的是魯、川、粵、閩、蘇、浙、湘、徽菜系，這八種被人們稱為“八大菜系”。中國的“八大菜系”是以多種多樣的烹飪方法區(qū)分的，各有其長處。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.15、中國城市化 中國城市化(urbanization)將會充分釋放潛在內需(domestic demand)。一些經濟學家指出，在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨著城市化的進程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高，也為人們提供更多的就業(yè)機會。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷徙，住房及城市基礎設施建設(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供應將會成為城市發(fā)展的焦點問題。商品與服務的自由、快速流通是城市化社會的一項基本特征。逐漸擴張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消費者的需求。

China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand.Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country.It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities.The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities.Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city.But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation.The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society.Ex-panding cities require more 6 retail outlets to serve customers.16、人類文明演變 現代人類約公元前50000年第一次從中亞或印度來到中國。這些石器時代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿著毛皮。公元前4000年左右，這些人開始種植水稻，并飼養(yǎng)羊和雞。約公元前3000年，他們開始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中國人已進入青銅時代(Bronze Age)，并開始用于寫字。約公元前700年，中國的金屬工人學會制作鐵器工具和武器。

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC.These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather.By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens.By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses.By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing.By about 700 BC，Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.17、大學生就業(yè)選擇 許多剛畢業(yè)的大學生找不到工作，在校學生則擔心他們的未來。多個調查顯示，三分之二的中國畢業(yè)生想在政府或者國有企業(yè)工作，而不是為中國令人矚目的經濟增長提供動力的民營企業(yè)。政府和國有企業(yè)被認為能免受經濟蕭條的影響。如今幾乎沒有大學生愿意放棄政府的鐵飯碗而下海、加入初創(chuàng)企業(yè)或自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。

Many recent college graduates can’t find a job and students are fearful about their future.Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered China’s remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate.Few college students today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.18、全球變暖

目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關全球變暖的各項證據似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現在已經知道，地球的發(fā)展經歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現過像今天這樣的時代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳氣體(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.19茶馬古道 茶馬古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)兩邊，生活著20多個少數民族。不同的地方有著各自美麗而神奇的自然風景和傳統(tǒng)文化，比如:大理，麗江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅魯藏布江大峽谷和布達拉宮(Potala Palace)。古道的兩旁有廟宇、巖石壁畫、騷站(post house),古橋和木板路，還有少數民族舞蹈和民族服裝。時至今天，雖然這條古道的蹤跡都消失了，但它的文化和歷史價值仍然存在。

Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, 7 post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.20、月光族 中國經濟的高速發(fā)展，帶來了消費文化的日益流行，同時也催生了一批具有高學歷，充分享受資本主義消費模式的年輕人，他們習慣于當月工資當月花。因而被稱為“月光族”(the moonlight group)?！霸鹿庾濉币辉~出現于20世紀90年代后期，是用來諷刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年輕人。

China’s economy is developing very quickly, and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day.At the same time, it has brought into being an educated group of young people who enjoy capitalist consumption way.They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month, and so are called the moon light group”.This word came into being during the 1990s, to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education, and who ap?preciate fast food culture.21、出境游 聯合國下屬機構世界旅游組織(World Tourism Organization)公布的數據顯示，中國游客對全球旅游業(yè)的貢獻最大。中國人去年花在出境游上的支出膨脹至1020億美元，同2011年相比增長了40%。聯合國世界旅游組織在其網站上發(fā)布的一份聲明中說，這一增幅令中國迅速超越德國和美國。后兩者在之前是出境游支出最高的兩個國家。2012年德美兩國出境旅游支出均同比增長6%,約840億美元。

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.22、全球變暖 目前，全球變暖是一個熱門話題，但是有關全球變暖的各項證據似乎還有些不同的聲音。人們現在已經知道，地球的發(fā)展經歷了很多周期(cycle),盡管在歷史上還未出現過像今天這樣的時代，即高度工業(yè)化(industrialization)產生如此多的污染。全球變暖主要是由于二氧化碳氣體(carbon dioxide)的增多。

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there is also dissention about the evidence being presented to support the argument.The earth is known to go through cycles;although the past has never produced an age of so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced.A major source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.23、中國經濟活動放緩 就像向中國出售商品的公司會看到收益有損失一樣，中國經濟活動放緩有著世界性的影響。包括澳大利亞、巴西和東南亞在內的其他國家近年來都看到了巨大的利潤，因為中國對自然資源有需求。中國的需求下降巳經對很多商品的價格有了影響。上周，中國財政部長樓繼偉表示,今年的經濟增長可能為7%,而這不一定是“底線”。

A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that 8 sell to China may see revenues suffer.Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources.The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities.Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”.24、探望父母 這周頒布的一項新法律要求子女必須經常探望年齡超過60歲的父母，并確保他們經濟和精神上的需求得到滿足。星期二，新華社報導了_條新聞，來自江蘇市無錫市的一位77歲的老太太起訴她的女兒忽略她。這是新法律生效后的第一起案件，當地法院規(guī)定她的女兒至少每月探望母親兩次，并提供財力支持。但是這項法律引發(fā)了爭議。有人說這給了那些因為工作、學習或者其他原因搬離家鄉(xiāng)的人更多壓力。

A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.25、端午節(jié) 農歷五月初五的端午節(jié)(the Dragon Boat Festival)是個盛大的節(jié)日。它的另一名稱——“重五節(jié)”就來源于這個日期。這個節(jié)日根據一個廣為流傳的故事，演變?yōu)榧o念戰(zhàn)國時期(the Warring States Period)楚國偉大愛國詩人屈原的日子。如果事實果真如此，那么端午節(jié)已經有大約2500年的存史了。端午節(jié)最盛行的活動是賽龍舟和吃粽子(rice dumpling)。自2008年以來，端午節(jié)在中國巳不僅僅是一個傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,還是公共假期。

The Dragon Boat Festival is a grand festival celebrated on the 5th day of 5th month of the Chinese lunar calendar.This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth Festival.According to a widely stated story, the festival developed to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan of Chu State in Warring States Period.If that is true, Dragon Boat Festival has a history of about 2,500 years.The most popular activities of Dragon Boat festival are racing dragon boats and eating rice dumplings.Since 2008，Dragon Boat Festival has been celebrated not only as a festival but also a public holiday in China.26、教育公平為了促進教育公平，中國已經投入360億元，用于改善農村地區(qū)教育設施和加強中西部地區(qū)農村義務教育。這些資金用于改善教學設施、購買書籍，使16萬多所中小學收益。資金還用于購置音樂和繪畫器材?，F在農村和山區(qū)的兒童可以與沿海城市的兒童一樣上音樂和繪畫課。一些為接受更好教育而轉往城市上學的學生如今又回到了本地農村學校就讀。(2014年6月真題)In order to promote equity in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening of rural compulsory education Midwest.These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities, purchase of books, so that more than 160,000 primary and secondary 9 income.Funds are also used to purchase music and painting equipment.Now children in rural and mountainous areas with children's coastal cities like music and painting lessons.Some receive a better education for the city school students now transferred back to the local rural schools now.27、飲酒 長期以來，飲酒(white spirit)在中國人的生活中一直扮演著重要的角色，無論是帝王還是百姓。飲酒是中國文化的一部分。中國人的祖先在作詩、寫散文時喜歡飲酒，在宴會上還會向親戚朋友敬酒。但飲酒不僅屬于文化人，也是普通人生活中不可缺少的一部分。人們在各種場合飲酒，如生日宴會、餞行宴會、婚禮宴會(wedding banquet)等。搬進新房或生意開業(yè)時，也會邀請人們來吃飯、飲酒。

Drinking white spirit has been taking an important role in Chinese people's life from emperors to ordinary people for a long time.Drinking white spirit is a part of Chinese culture.Chinese ancestors enjoyed drinking white spirit while writing poems or proses and they also toasted their relatives and friends at the feast.But drinking white spirit is not only for scholars，it is also an indispensable part of Chinese ordinary people's life.People drink white spirit on various occasions, such as the birthday party，farewell dinner，wedding banquet, etc.When someone moves into a new house or starts doing business，he/she will invite people for dinner and drinking white spirit.28、筷子 筷子(chopstick)起源于中國古代，一直是中國飲食文化重要的一部分。我們的祖先喜歡吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很難舀(spoon out)到湯里的蔬菜，所以發(fā)明了筷子。從此，筷子成為他們生活中最為方便的餐具(tableware),標志著飲食文明的到來。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟練手藝人在筷子 上描繪美麗的風景，使之變成精美的藝術品。許多人熱衷于收集筷子作為藏品。

Chopsticks originated in ancient China and have been an important part of Chinese food culture.Our ancestors liked to have steamed or boiled food，but it was difficult for them to spoon out vegetables from the soup, so they invented chopsticks.Thus chopsticks have become the most convenient tableware in their life and marked the coming of food civilization.Nowadays，chopsticks are added many new functions besides being used as one kind of tableware.Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful sceneries on them to make them look like fine artworks.Many people are keen to gather them as their collections.29、臘八節(jié) 臘八節(jié)(the Laba Festival)在農歷最后一個月的第八天慶祝，標志著春節(jié)慶祝 活動的開始?！芭D”指“臘月(the 12th lunar month)”，是農歷第十二個月，“八”指的 是數字8。臘八節(jié)通常在1月中旬。大多數漢族人遵循臘八節(jié)喝臘八粥(Laba rice porridge)的習俗。臘八粥最早在宋朝傳入中國。據史料記載，一些大型寺廟會為窮人提供臘八粥來表達對佛祖(Buddha)的虔誠。明朝時，臘八粥成為皇帝在此節(jié)日賞賜群臣的神圣食物。

Laba Festival is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month, marking the beginning of celebrating the Chinese Spring Festival.La means the 12th lunar month and ba means the number eight.The date usually falls in mid-January.The majority of people from Han nationality has followed the tradition of eating Laba rice porridge on the Laba Festival.Laba rice porridge was first introduced to China in the Song 10 Dynasty.According to historical records, some large temples would offer the poor Laba rice porridge to show their faith to Buddha.In the Ming Dynasty, it became a holy food that emperors would use to award their officials on the festival.30、京劇 京劇(Beijing Opera)是中國的國粹。作為一門古老的藝術，京劇的服裝(costume)、臉譜(facial mask)更易被人喜愛。不同的服裝 類型反映不同的人物身份特征。富貴者的服裝綴滿精美的刺繡;窮困 者的服裝則簡單樸素，少有裝飾(elemental)。臉譜是京劇中塑造人物 形象的重要手段，它是用不同的顏色在臉上勾畫出來的。臉譜的顏 色讓人一看便知角色(portray)的善惡。比如白色代表奸詐(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黃色是驍勇，藍、綠色多用于綠林好漢(rebellious fighters)，金、銀色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.11