第一篇：實(shí)踐教學(xué)中的高中英語(yǔ)閱讀課文

實(shí)踐教學(xué)中的高中英語(yǔ)閱讀課文

[摘要] 高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)是以義務(wù)教育初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)，鞏固、擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，發(fā)展聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)的基本技能，并側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力，使學(xué)生獲得一定的自學(xué)能力，閱讀是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容之一。在教授閱讀課文時(shí)要發(fā)揮學(xué)生主體思維，并在實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出“讀——聽(tīng)說(shuō)——討論——展示與點(diǎn)評(píng)”的課文教學(xué)模式，為延伸英語(yǔ)閱讀空間可適當(dāng)進(jìn)行課外泛讀，同時(shí)在教育教改形式下要注重通過(guò)閱讀滲透新的德育，進(jìn)而使學(xué)生全面發(fā)展。

[關(guān)鍵詞]

高中英語(yǔ)

整體閱讀

主體思維

課外泛讀

《中國(guó)教育改革和發(fā)展綱要》中明確指出：中小學(xué)要由應(yīng)試教育轉(zhuǎn)向全面提高國(guó)民素質(zhì)的軌道，面向全體學(xué)生，全面提高學(xué)生的思想道德、文化科學(xué)、勞動(dòng)技能和身心心理素質(zhì)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生生動(dòng)活潑地發(fā)展，并在義務(wù)教育初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上鞏固、擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，發(fā)展聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)的基本技能，培養(yǎng)在口頭上和書(shū)面上初步運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力，側(cè)重培養(yǎng)閱讀能力，并使學(xué)生獲得一定的自學(xué)能力，為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)切實(shí)打好基礎(chǔ)。所以，閱讀是高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的核心內(nèi)容之一。

閱讀是一個(gè)積極主動(dòng)地思考、理解和接受信息的過(guò)程，也是一種復(fù)雜的智力活動(dòng)，它是作者與讀者雙方的語(yǔ)言交際活動(dòng)，是一個(gè)讀者實(shí)現(xiàn)心理滿足的復(fù)雜的心理邏輯推理過(guò)程。在教授英語(yǔ)教材的過(guò)程中，結(jié)合本校學(xué)生和新教材的實(shí)際，我感到應(yīng)該從以下方面做起：

一、設(shè)計(jì)提問(wèn)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的主題思維。

問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)是英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)的重要手段，是幫助學(xué)生理解和鑒賞文章的切入點(diǎn)。教師設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題，要遵循循序漸進(jìn)的原則，要把問(wèn)題建筑在學(xué)生的注意力和興趣上，服務(wù)于全面提高學(xué)生素質(zhì)水平的目標(biāo)需要。如在新課文的導(dǎo)入方面，我們可以通過(guò)課文的主題呈現(xiàn)出幾個(gè)presenting questions，使學(xué)生的注意力集中到課文提供的語(yǔ)言情境中來(lái)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)欲望。這樣也降低閱讀活動(dòng)的難度，使學(xué)生了解活動(dòng)內(nèi)容。

高中英語(yǔ)課文大多篇幅較長(zhǎng)。課文內(nèi)容滲透了豐富的審美觀和科學(xué)教育內(nèi)容，在這些兼顧知識(shí)性、趣味性的閱讀課文中精心設(shè)計(jì)既有啟發(fā)性又能激起學(xué)生探討興趣的一系列問(wèn)題，可以啟迪學(xué)生動(dòng)腦，激發(fā)學(xué)生思維，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主、學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。同時(shí)，教師設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題時(shí)，要緊扣教材，層層推進(jìn)，要具有一定的思想梯度。解答的過(guò)程中，教師要啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)，以激活學(xué)生的思維欲望，幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)知和理解。例如在教新課標(biāo)Book3 Astronomy: the science of the stars 這一單元的閱讀文章時(shí)，可以設(shè)計(jì)給學(xué)生以下問(wèn)題：Do you know the solar system in the universe? Can you name the eight planets? Which planet do we live on? 為了使學(xué)生能進(jìn)一步對(duì)文章理解，教師可以再問(wèn)：What was there on the earth before life could begin? Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon？Do you think life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come? Why? 這樣的問(wèn)題能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生將課內(nèi)學(xué)到的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能延伸到課外的話題中，啟迪學(xué)生思維，創(chuàng)造性地解決問(wèn)題，從而提高了學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的感知、觀察和思維能力，培養(yǎng)了閱讀興趣，同時(shí)，2 也使學(xué)生對(duì)自然科學(xué)和未來(lái)地球的發(fā)展等產(chǎn)生興趣。

二、結(jié)合實(shí)際組織課文教學(xué)，并把學(xué)習(xí)的主動(dòng)權(quán)交給學(xué)生。陶行知先生有這樣一句話：“我認(rèn)為好的先生不是教書(shū)，不是教學(xué)生；乃是教學(xué)生學(xué)?！睂W(xué)會(huì)怎樣學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。學(xué)生只有掌握了科學(xué)有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法，接受新知識(shí)方能舉一反三，觸類旁通，更好地做到知識(shí)的遷移，并使學(xué)生受益終身。因此，英語(yǔ)閱讀課文教學(xué)中要突出“學(xué)”字，從讓學(xué)生“學(xué)會(huì)”轉(zhuǎn)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生“會(huì)學(xué)”，授之以法，把學(xué)生的主動(dòng)權(quán)交給學(xué)生。那么在組織課文教學(xué)時(shí)，我們應(yīng)把閱讀課文教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)放在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.指導(dǎo)學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)并高質(zhì)量完成導(dǎo)學(xué)案上的任務(wù)。

指導(dǎo)學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)就是讓學(xué)生明確預(yù)習(xí)內(nèi)容以及預(yù)習(xí)方法。通過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)，學(xué)生可以對(duì)課文的內(nèi)容有初步了解，并對(duì)所出現(xiàn)的疑難問(wèn)題有所準(zhǔn)備，教師也可了解學(xué)生疑難點(diǎn)，在講授課文時(shí)，才會(huì)做到重點(diǎn)突出，有的放矢?？刹捎靡韵路椒ǎ海?）幫助學(xué)生找一些與課文有關(guān)的背景材料；（2）指導(dǎo)學(xué)生做一些與課文有關(guān)的題目；（3）讓學(xué)生找疑難句子并試著翻譯。教師要不斷督促學(xué)生按時(shí)完成導(dǎo)學(xué)案，并及時(shí)批改導(dǎo)學(xué)案，解決學(xué)生在自主學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題，在課堂上，學(xué)生就會(huì)明確學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，從而做到心里有數(shù)。

2.采用“讀——聽(tīng)說(shuō)——討論——展示與點(diǎn)評(píng)”的課文教學(xué)模式。閱讀理解是課文教學(xué)的中心環(huán)節(jié)，可以就課文內(nèi)容設(shè)置問(wèn)題，分組討論，歸納文章主題思想或分析人物性格等等，具體情況如下：

（1）讀 a.導(dǎo)讀(Preparation for reading or Pre-reading)它是教師在學(xué)生閱讀課文之前的指導(dǎo)，教師通常在此過(guò)程中適當(dāng)?shù)刂v解與本課有關(guān)的背景知識(shí)，大體了解文章語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯、主體等內(nèi)容。

b.跳讀(Scanning)跳讀，指的是讀者先確定要尋找的明確信息(往往只有一兩個(gè)單詞)，再在特定的閱讀材料中快速尋找。跳讀不需要閱讀完全文。只要找到所需信息后，立即中斷閱讀。熟練的閱讀者在閱讀過(guò)程中能根據(jù)自己閱讀目的、讀物內(nèi)容和文體調(diào)整閱讀速度，并利用頭腦中已有的相關(guān)知識(shí)，借助盡可能少的文字信息進(jìn)行選擇、推測(cè)和推理，必要時(shí)還可跳出讀物客觀地判斷作者意圖。通過(guò)此步驟要求讀者能從語(yǔ)言材料中很快地找到特定的信息，并能在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)捕捉有關(guān)信息。

c.掠讀（Skimming）

掠讀又稱略讀或掃讀，指的是在閱讀中跳過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)和不重要的描述與例子，以比較快的速度抓住文章梗概的方法。要求學(xué)生快速瀏覽全篇，領(lǐng)會(huì)主旨或抓住主要內(nèi)容。注意每段首句、句末，并查看閱讀效果，讓學(xué)生做與課文有關(guān)的習(xí)題。如在講述Book5 unit5First aid 閱讀課文 First aid for burns 時(shí)，就可讓學(xué)生略讀后，設(shè)計(jì)這道題： Skim for general idea and then number them from 1 to 5.____ the three types of burns ____ what to do if someone gets burned ____ the functions of the skin ____ the symptoms of burns 4 ____ how we get burns d.細(xì)讀（Close reading）

細(xì)讀也稱研讀或深讀，屬于精讀范疇。在跳讀、掠讀及做了相關(guān)練習(xí)之后，再安排幾分鐘細(xì)讀，讓學(xué)生理解文章細(xì)節(jié)、段落大意及段落之間的聯(lián)系，促進(jìn)對(duì)文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)更深層次的理解。

(2)聽(tīng)說(shuō)

在整體理解課文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)聽(tīng)說(shuō)活動(dòng)來(lái)深化對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解，開(kāi)展運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的訓(xùn)練，把理解和訓(xùn)練有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)。如雙人活動(dòng)、問(wèn)答比賽、歸納主體句、串講語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)等，教師可放錄音，每段后停頓，學(xué)生邊聽(tīng)邊看書(shū)邊總結(jié)，聽(tīng)出各段的主題句或用自己的一句話歸納段落大意，同時(shí)可串講各段的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)。也可以利用相關(guān)的英文視頻來(lái)吸引學(xué)生的注意力，讓他們?cè)谝曈X(jué)和聽(tīng)覺(jué)得到練習(xí)。當(dāng)然針對(duì)學(xué)生提出的一系列問(wèn)題，教師可根據(jù)這些問(wèn)題并結(jié)合課文、給出關(guān)鍵詞或把課文中的字變成一幅幅的連環(huán)畫(huà)，讓學(xué)生討論并在此基礎(chǔ)上讓學(xué)生復(fù)述課文。

(3)討論

在新課改的指導(dǎo)下，課堂教學(xué)的主題應(yīng)該是學(xué)生，學(xué)生才是課堂的主人，那么討論在教學(xué)中就是必不可少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。在教師精心組織的課堂討論中，學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行思考并加強(qiáng)理解。他們?cè)谄降鹊臍夥罩心馨l(fā)表自己的看法,挖掘自己的潛能,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)的積極性。特別是在高效課堂教學(xué)中，合作探究部分尤為重要，這就要求學(xué)生在合作交流中討論，在討論中，塑造他們的人際交往智能。

（4）展示與點(diǎn)評(píng)

展示就是學(xué)生在“預(yù)習(xí)”的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)導(dǎo)學(xué)案里的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了深入地探究，并將自己或本組的探究結(jié)果用簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)的方式展示出來(lái)，從而檢驗(yàn)其自學(xué)的效果如何。展示時(shí)一般由B層、C層同學(xué)展示，由A層同學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)點(diǎn)評(píng)或拓展。教師要適時(shí)追問(wèn)、點(diǎn)撥、啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生，對(duì)課堂進(jìn)行調(diào)控。點(diǎn)評(píng)時(shí)，點(diǎn)評(píng)的內(nèi)容則應(yīng)該是具有針對(duì)性、拓展補(bǔ)充性。對(duì)展示組的人員參與度、精彩度、準(zhǔn)確度、團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作等方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng)、打分。在展示中，我們可采用口頭展示、書(shū)面展示、表演肢體語(yǔ)言展示、實(shí)物模型展示等。在教授Book5 unit5First aid 閱讀課文時(shí)，根據(jù)我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生在黑板上展示了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，如What can skin do for our body? How can we get burnt? 還利用一個(gè)表格將燒傷的類型及它們的特征讓學(xué)生在黑板上展示出來(lái)。展示之后，幾位同學(xué)對(duì)展示的同學(xué)或小組進(jìn)行了書(shū)寫(xiě)、準(zhǔn)確性等方面進(jìn)行點(diǎn)評(píng)。

三、通過(guò)課外泛讀延伸英語(yǔ)閱讀空間，提高閱讀效率。

培養(yǎng)閱讀理解能力，必須課內(nèi)外相結(jié)合，進(jìn)行課外泛讀，不僅可以使學(xué)生鞏固所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和閱讀技能，而且還能使學(xué)生熟悉各種文章體裁和風(fēng)格，拓寬知識(shí)面，提高他們對(duì)閱讀各種文章的適應(yīng)能力。教師可讓學(xué)生每周選擇三到五篇難易適中、兼顧知識(shí)性和趣味性的讀物，讓學(xué)生課后閱讀，并要求他們作相應(yīng)的閱讀理解題，這樣就延伸了英語(yǔ)閱讀空間，也增加了學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐量，通過(guò)課外閱讀，提高了閱讀效率和整體的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。

在英語(yǔ)閱讀課文教學(xué)中滲透德育，提高學(xué)生道德素質(zhì)。

培養(yǎng)具有健全人格的認(rèn)識(shí)當(dāng)前素質(zhì)教育的目標(biāo)之一。高中英語(yǔ)閱讀 教材是一套及思想性、科學(xué)性、趣味性與應(yīng)用性于一體的好教材，具有很強(qiáng)的思想性。閱讀教學(xué)應(yīng)結(jié)合教學(xué)內(nèi)容和實(shí)際，與思想品德教育于英語(yǔ)閱讀教學(xué)中，提高學(xué)生的政治思想素質(zhì)。因此教師要努力挖掘教材中的思想教育因素，以知識(shí)為載體，適時(shí)適度的滲透思想品德以及愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育，做到“潤(rùn)物細(xì)無(wú)聲”。如新課標(biāo)Book 7 unit 4 Sharing 這一單元的重點(diǎn)話題是幫助弱者、志愿服務(wù)、合作共享等，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，還培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的社會(huì)責(zé)任感。又如，再講Book5 unit5First aid 閱讀課文時(shí)，再次強(qiáng)調(diào)生命是寶貴的，要珍惜生命。學(xué)了急救知識(shí)之后，應(yīng)該去關(guān)心和幫助處于緊急事故中的人們，要竭盡全力的給與處在危險(xiǎn)中的人們有效的急救。

總之，閱讀理解是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而靈活的過(guò)程，作為教師要立足于自己的學(xué)生，從實(shí)際出發(fā)，把閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)貫穿于整個(gè)中學(xué)階段，進(jìn)而適應(yīng)教育教改形勢(shì)下的新要求，當(dāng)然，他必須經(jīng)過(guò)我們英語(yǔ)教師對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行有目的、有計(jì)劃的長(zhǎng)期指導(dǎo)和培養(yǎng)才能獲得。因此，我們充分理解《考綱》的精神，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣和習(xí)慣，并掌握一定的閱讀技巧，這樣才能提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力。

第二篇：高中英語(yǔ)課文

Unit 1

ANNE’S BEST FRIEND

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.你是不是想有一位無(wú)話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你，會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？安 妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，于是她就把日記當(dāng)成了她最好的朋友。

Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary.She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來(lái)，否則他們就會(huì)被 德國(guó)納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時(shí)間里，她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說(shuō)，“我不 愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個(gè)朋友稱作基蒂”。安妮自從 1942年 7月 起就躲藏在那兒了，現(xiàn)在，來(lái)看看她的心情吧。

Thursday 15 Dear Kitty，th

June 1944 I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.That’s changed since I was here.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過(guò)。自從我來(lái)到這里，這一切都變了。

…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face….……比方說(shuō)，有天晚上天氣很暖和，我熬到 11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺(jué)，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮耍也?敢打開(kāi)窗戶。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開(kāi)著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓 去。漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)吹雨打，雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚……

…Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.it’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.……令人傷心的是……我只能透過(guò)臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然，窗簾懸掛在沾滿灰塵的窗前，但觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂(lè)趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。

Your, Anne

Friday, 10 July 1942 When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place.We closed the door behind us and we were alone.Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting for us.All the rooms were full of boxes.They lay on the floor and the beds.The little room was filled with bedclothes.We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night.Mummy and Margot were not able to help.They were tired and lay down on their beds.But Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once.The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired.We did sleep in clean beds that night.We hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but we didn’t care.Mummy and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.Every culture has its own ways to show friendship.On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.That is “to be with happiness”.Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community.This is the second most import sign of friendship.It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”.To enjoy the land you should not be selfish.The land is for everyone who lives on it.Today many different people call Hawaii their home.Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities.Each person gives kokua(help)to other people so that all fell stronger.It’s believed that the islands can be a paradise when the people live in peace.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding.So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana(family), they are really talking about all those who live on the islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship.This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another.The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friend’s neck.Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek.Visitors to the islands are also given lies.When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home.Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave.It can also mean “our hearts singing together”.Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Unit 2

THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH At the end of the 16 century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England.Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.16世紀(jì)末期大約有 5百萬(wàn)到 7百萬(wàn)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，幾乎所有這些人都生活在英國(guó)。后來(lái)，在 17世紀(jì)英國(guó)人開(kāi)始航海征服了 世界其它地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國(guó)家開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。如今說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多，他們有的是作為第一語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)，有的是作為第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)。

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.Look at this kind of example: 以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。請(qǐng)看以下例子： British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? 英國(guó)人貝蒂：“請(qǐng)到我的公寓（flat）里來(lái)看看，好嗎？” American Amy: Yes.I’d like to come up to your apartment.美國(guó)人艾米：“好的。我很樂(lè)意到你的公寓（apartment）去。

So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferent the English spoken today.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.In 1620 some British settlers moved to American.Later in the 18 century some British people were taken to Australia too.English began to be spoken th th in both countries.那么，英語(yǔ)在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展，有所變 化。首先，在公元 450年到 1150年間，人們所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)跟今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元 800年到 1150年期間，英語(yǔ)不那么像德語(yǔ)了。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者起初講 丹麥語(yǔ)后來(lái)講法語(yǔ)。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言，特別是在詞匯方面。所以到 17 世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比 以前任何時(shí)期都大。在 1620年，一些英國(guó)人搬遷到美洲定居。后來(lái)，到了 19世紀(jì)，有些英國(guó)人也被送往澳大利亞，兩個(gè)國(guó) 家的人都開(kāi)始說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。

first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.最后，到 20世紀(jì)，英語(yǔ)才真正定形。那時(shí)，英語(yǔ)在拼寫(xiě)上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先，塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫(xiě)了詞典，后來(lái)，諾厄 ?韋伯斯特編纂了《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》，后者體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)的不同特色。

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.during that time English became the language for government and education.English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.現(xiàn)在，英語(yǔ)在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語(yǔ)或第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)。比如說(shuō)，印度擁有眾多講英語(yǔ)很流利的人，這是因?yàn)橛?guó)于 1765年到 1947 年統(tǒng)治過(guò)印度。在那期間，英語(yǔ)成了官方語(yǔ)言和教育用語(yǔ)。在新加坡、馬來(lái)西亞和非洲其它國(guó)家，比如南非，人們也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。事實(shí)上，中國(guó)可能擁有世界上最多的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者。中國(guó)英語(yǔ)會(huì)發(fā)展出自己的特色 嗎？這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)回答了。

STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)？是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒(méi)有什么標(biāo) 準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說(shuō)的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英 語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently.American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言”的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有許多方言，特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及黑 人和西班牙人的方言。在美國(guó)有些地區(qū)，即使是相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩個(gè)人所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言都可能稍有不同。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之所以有這么多的 方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來(lái)自世界各地的緣故。

Geography also plays a part in making dialects.Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect.When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them.So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialects as people in the northwestern USA.The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.地理位置對(duì)方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說(shuō)著比較古老的英語(yǔ)方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地 方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說(shuō)的方言就幾乎相同。美國(guó)是一 個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬遷，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。

THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries.The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary.Then people could spell word in different ways which you might find it interesting.But it made reading English much more difficult.So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the late Qing Dynasty.There men did most of the important early work on dictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray.These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries.For them, it wasn’t only a job;it was a wonderful journey of discovery.The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short.The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857.Twenty-two years later, Oxford University th

Murray had never been to college.At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank.Later he became a great teacher.After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work.Part of it was one meter underground.In winter it felt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’clock and worked several hours before breakfast.Often he would work by the candle light into the evening.Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years.But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A!then others went to work with Murray, including his two daughters.He worked on the dictionary until he was very old.Forty-four years later, in1928, other editors finished it.It included more than 15,000 pages in twelve books.And you thought your dictionary was big!Unit 3

JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN My name is Wang Kun.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming.They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too.After graduating from college.we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛昂貴的山地自行車，然后還說(shuō)服我買了一輛（山地車）。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟——在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀衛(wèi)和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南 省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長(zhǎng)大，湄公河在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，在其他國(guó)家（境內(nèi)）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟 也對(duì)騎車旅游產(chǎn)生了興趣。大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車旅行。我問(wèn)我姐姐：“我們要去哪兒？”首先想到要 沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐?，F(xiàn)在她正在為我們的旅行制定計(jì)劃。I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming.She can be really stubborn.Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.Now, I know that the proper way is always her way.I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.Of course, she hadn't;my sister doesn't care about details.So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.I know my sister well.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.Finally, I had to give in.我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要 自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。于是，我就知道這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我不停地問(wèn)她，“我們什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？ 什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？”我還問(wèn)她是否看過(guò)地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒(méi)有看過(guò)——我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是，我告訴她，湄公河的 源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。我說(shuō)，我們的旅行將從 5, 000多米的高地 出發(fā)，這時(shí)她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說(shuō)這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。我 非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。Several months before our trip,Wang Wei and I went to the library.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain.At first the river is small and the water is clear and cold.Then it begins to move quickly.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys.We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is inChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheast

Asia, its pace slows.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書(shū)館。我們找到一本大型地圖冊(cè)，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以 看到，湄公河發(fā)源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開(kāi)始快速流動(dòng)。它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成 了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí)，這條江形成瀑布，進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們倆驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國(guó)境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出 中國(guó)，流出高地之后，湄公河就變寬了，變暖了，河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速減緩，河水蜿蜒緩慢 地穿過(guò)低谷，流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國(guó)南海。

PART2 A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS Although it was autumn,the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?That’s what we looked like!Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold that our water bottles froze..However,the lakes shonelike glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.Wangwei rode in front of me as usual.She is very reliable and I knew I didn’t need to encourage her.To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.We seemed to be able to see for miles.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.Then we began going down the hills.It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.In the valleys colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass.At this point we had to change our caps, coats,gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.雖然是秋天，但是西藏已經(jīng)開(kāi)始下雪了。我們的腿又沉又冷，感覺(jué)就像大冰塊。你看到過(guò)雪人騎自行車嗎？我們看上去就像 那樣。一路上，一些身著羊毛大衣的孩子們停下來(lái)看著我們。下午晚些時(shí)候，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)由于天冷我們的水壺都凍上了。然而，湖水在落日的余暉下閃亮如鏡，景色迷人。像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。上山很 艱難，但是當(dāng)我們環(huán)顧四周，（眼前的）景色讓我們感到驚奇，我們似乎能看到幾百里以外的地方。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們發(fā)現(xiàn) 自己置身高處，彷佛騎車穿越云層。然后我們開(kāi)始下山，這非常有趣，特別是天氣逐漸變得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斕 的蝴蝶翩翩飛舞在我們身旁，我們還看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。這時(shí)，我們不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和長(zhǎng)褲脫掉，換成 T恤 衫和短褲。

In the early evening we always stop to make camp.We put up our tent and then we eat.After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleep but I stayed awake.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet.There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.一到傍晚，我們通常就停下來(lái)宿營(yíng)，（于是），我們先把帳篷支起來(lái)，然后吃飯。晚飯后，王薇把頭放在枕頭上就睡覺(jué)了，而 我卻醒著。半夜里，天空變得清朗了，星星更亮了。（夜晚）非常安靜——幾乎沒(méi)有風(fēng)，只有篝火的火焰和我們做伴。當(dāng)我 躺在星空下，我想著我們已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)。

We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.We can hardly wait to see them!我們很快就要到達(dá)云南的大理。在那里，我們的表兄弟刀衛(wèi)和宇航將加入我們的行列。我們迫不及待地想要見(jiàn)到他們！

PART 6 THE END OF OUR JOUNEY Cambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has twice the population.At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in her country couldn’t read or write.Her village couldn’t even afford to build a school, so she had to teach outside under a large tent.When we said goodbye, we all felt very lucky to have studied in college.Back on the road, we passed between many hills and forests.Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh,the capital of Cambodia.In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City;it also had wide streets with trees in rows and old French houses.Unlike Vientiane, ships could travel the Mekong River here.In the center of the city we visited the palace and a beautiful white elephant.It can only be seen outside the palace on special days.We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floors made of sliver.The next morning our group slept late.We were very tired from the long bike ride the day before.Cycling in the hills had been diffcuilt.Now our couins had the chance to make jokes about Wangwei and me.Perhaps,they said,they were the strong ones!We had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe,then rode out of the city.Two days later we crossed the border into Vietnam.We began to see many more people,but I wasn’t surprised.I

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)課文

Maybe it is true that we don't know what we have got until we lose it, but it is also true that we don't know what we have been missing until it arrives.Giving someone all your love is never an assurance that they will love you back, Don't expect love in return;but if it does not, be content it grew in yours.It takes an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone, but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.Don't rely on one's appearance;it can deceive.Don't rely on wealth;even that fades away.Rely on someone who makes you smile, because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them.Dream what you want to dream;go where you want to go;be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.May you have enough happiness to make you sweet enough trials to make you strong enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy.Always put yourself in others' shoes.If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts others, too.The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.Happiness waits for those who cry, those who have been hurt, those who have searched, and those who have tried, for only they can appreciate the importance of people who have touched their lives.The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past.You can't go on well in life until you let your past failures and heartaches go off.When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling.Live your life so that when you die, you are the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying。

也許這是真的，我們不知道我們擁有什么，直到我們失去它，但它也是真實(shí)的我們不知道什么我們已經(jīng)失蹤，直到它到達(dá)。給一個(gè)人你所有的愛(ài)是沒(méi)有保證，他們會(huì)愛(ài)你回來(lái)，不要指望愛(ài)的回報(bào)；但如果它不這樣做，是它的內(nèi)容在你的成長(zhǎng)。喜歡一個(gè)人需要一小時(shí)，愛(ài)上一個(gè)人需要一天，但是忘記一個(gè)人卻需要一輩子。不要相信人的外表；它可以欺騙。不依賴財(cái)富；甚至消失了。依賴能讓你微笑的人，因?yàn)橹挥形⑿Σ拍苁购诎档娜兆幼兊霉饷?。人生中有很多時(shí)刻，你非常想念某個(gè)人，你想把他們從您的夢(mèng)想和擁抱他們。做你想做的夢(mèng)；去你想去的地方；做你想做的人，因?yàn)槟阒挥幸淮紊?，一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去做所有你想做的事。愿你有足夠的幸福讓你甜蜜足夠的考驗(yàn)使你堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，足夠的悲傷讓你保持人性，足夠的希望讓你快樂(lè)。

總是把自己在別人的鞋。如果您認(rèn)為它傷害了你，它可能傷害別人，太。最快樂(lè)的人不一定擁有最好的一切；他們只是讓大部分事情順其自然。幸福屬于那些會(huì)哭泣的人，那些受過(guò)傷害的人，那些探索的人，以及那些嘗試過(guò)的人，因?yàn)橹挥兴麄兌谜湎ё约旱纳钣杏绊懙娜?。最光明的未?lái)往往基于一個(gè)被遺忘的過(guò)去。你不能活得，直到你讓過(guò)去的失敗和痛心離開(kāi)。當(dāng)你出世，你在哭，你周圍的人是微笑的。因此請(qǐng)活出你的生命，當(dāng)你死的時(shí)候，你是唯一微笑的人，你周圍的人在哭。

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)課文閱讀材料

The old man and the sea On the coast of Cuba lived an old fisherman.He was thin and had many deep lines in the back of his neck.His skin was very brown, and his hands were marked by pulling heavy fish at the end of ropes.But all these marks were old.Every part of him seemed old except his eyes.These were cheerful and the same color as the sea.For eighty days he did not catch any fish.People said that the old man was unlucky.But the old man still loved the sea.He was still strong and a good fisherman.On the eighty—fifth day the old man sailed farther out to sea than any of the other boats.He sailed to where the water was very deep.Then he felt fishing—line being pulled gently by a big fish which was swimming very deep in the water.The fish was so powerful that it pulled the boat after it.It took the small boat far out to sea.The old man could no longer see the land.“Fish,” he said softly, aloud, “I'll stay with you until I am dead.”

The old man pulled the line a little tighter, but he did not dare to pull it suddenly.The fish might jump and escape.Or it might dive down into the sea and pull the boat after it.But the fish was strong and brave.It pulled the boat on and on.When the fish rose at last to the top of the water, the old man saw that it was two feet longer than his boat.The old man had seen many great fish, but this one was the greatest fish he had ever seen.It was also the most beautiful.On the morning of the third day, the end came.Tired and full of pain, the old man threw his harpoon into the heart of the great fish.The fish rose high out of the water, showing all its power and beauty.The next moment it was dead.Slowly and painfully, the old man tied the fish to the side of the boat.Then he turned back and sailed toward the distant shore.He sailed well and he looked often at the huge fish.Then the first shark came.The old man killed it, but he lost his harpoon and all his rope.Two hours later two more sharks came.The old man fought them with his oar and his knife.Then he used a stick.Then the tiller.But he knew he was beaten.When he sailed into the little harbour and pulled his boat on shore, no fish was left.Only the giant white backbone.The next morning the fishermen in the village gathered round the small boat.They measured the big bone of the fish.It was eighteen feet long.“what a fish it was,” someone said."there has never been such a fish.

第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)課文解讀

“The key to a lock”, this is my understanding of learning method.The high school curriculum more, different subjects have different characteristics, learning methods may not follow the same pattern.It is best to follow the teacher's thinking to identify the subject law, way to get started, and constantly enrich and improvethe formation of different disciplines, different learning styles.As I said before, wemust continue to induce improvement in the learning process, find out a most suitable method.The following is my own learning experience.?

Some people say that the language test to luck, also some people said to feel.Good luck or feel about it, you can achieve high scores, even may burst awinner.At the beginning I also hold a half-believe in attitude, each will be“brewing” a language test before, hoping to find the so-called “feeling”.Later,with a few classmates exchange, plus oneself also saw some brothers and sistersthe learning experience of the book, I began to feel, to learn the language, is the need for a set of scientific method.?

First of all, to read more books, this is everyone has experience.By looking at some literary classics, or newspapers and magazines, can cultivate the sense of language, but also learn a lot of knowledge of literature, and some new and interesting ideas.Now the Chinese test, reading accounted for a considerable proportion.Not only has the classical Chinese reading, science and technology,the modern article reading.Succeed in the classroom all these abilities werecultured is simply impossible, can only rely on the extra effort.