第一篇：八年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)新課標(biāo)GO FOR IT Unit5知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
八年級(jí)下Unit5 復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
1.have a great/ good / nice time==have fun==enjoy oneself
過(guò)得很愉快
(+doing sth)2.wear jeans to the party 穿牛仔褲參加聚會(huì)
3.let sb.in / out / by 讓某人進(jìn)來(lái)/出去/過(guò)去
let sb do sth 4.half(of)the class 半班
5.organize a party/ picnic 組織一次聚會(huì)、野餐
organize the party games組織聚會(huì)活動(dòng) 6.take away… 把…拿走、沒(méi)收
take it/them away代詞放中間
bring sth.to …
把某物帶到某處來(lái)…
take sth.from … 從某處把某物帶走
7.a good time to do sth 做某事的好時(shí)候
8.the rules for the school parties 學(xué)校聚會(huì)的規(guī)定
9.become a professional athlete 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員
become a lawyer成為一名律 become famous(for…)(因…而)出名
be famous as…
作為…而出名
10.get injured(in the accident)
(在事故中)受傷 11.a great chance（to do sth）
一次（做某事的）好機(jī)會(huì)
12.get an education受教育
13.complain about sth.抱怨某事
complain that +從句 14.decide to do sth.= make a decision to do 決定做某事
15.in order to do sth.以便、為了
in order that + 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 = so that
in order 整齊、有條理、正常
in the order of …以。。的順序 16.talk on the phone 講電話
go to the party參加聚會(huì)
17.travel around the world
環(huán)球旅行
people all over the world 全世界的人 18.school clean-up學(xué)校的掃除
19.be against(doing sth)反對(duì)（做某事）be against the law違反法律
20.mobile phone移動(dòng)電話 serious consequence嚴(yán)重的后果
21.improve my English 提高我的英語(yǔ)
keep sb.out不讓某人進(jìn)入
22.want you to remember the rules for the party想讓你記住聚會(huì)的規(guī)則
23.bring friends from other schools 帶其他學(xué)校的朋友來(lái)
20.ask them to leave叫他們 離開(kāi)
ask / tell sb(not)to do 21.during the party 在聚會(huì)期間
at the party 在聚會(huì)上 22.go to college 上大學(xué)
go to the university 23.make a living(by)doing sth.做某事謀生
24.make a lot of money掙許多錢
give money to charities 捐款給慈善機(jī)構(gòu) 25.make life difficult給生活帶來(lái)麻煩
26.seem likea dream job似乎像是個(gè)理想職業(yè)
27.will be able to do 將能夠做
28.follow sb.everywhere到處追隨著你
29.all the time一直
30.play sports for a living = play sports to make a living = make a living by playing sports靠體育運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)謀生
31.have a difficult time(in)doing
做某事很費(fèi)力、很難
32.in fact事實(shí)上
33.get enough exercise進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉
34.begin…with….以….開(kāi)始…..三.重點(diǎn)句子
1.I think I’ll ride my bike.If you do, you’ll be late.2.I think I’m going to stay at home.If you do, you’ll be sorry.3.When is a good time to have the party? If they have the party today, half the class won’t come.4.I want you to remember the rules for school parties.5.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.6.If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love.7.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.8.If you become rich, you’ll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.9.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.四.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法: 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
if用做連詞時(shí)，可以表示“如果；假如”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
在主句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞都表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，主句中常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，但從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),即主將從現(xiàn)。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也有此規(guī)則）eg.(1)We will come to see you if we have time.(2)He won’t be able to pass the exam if he doesn’t work hard.(3)Please ask him to come to me if you see him.（主祈從現(xiàn)句）(4)You can call me if you are in trouble.(主情從現(xiàn)句)比較if 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的用法：表示”是否”的意思
Eg: I don’t know if Mr Smith will come to our school.(是否)
---I’m not sure if he will come to my party.(是否)---If he comes, so will his wife.(如果)有時(shí)可使用并列的祈使句來(lái)表達(dá)條件句
Eg: Hurry up, and you will arrive on time.= If you hurry up, you’ll arrive on time.Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.五.知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解
1.If you wear jeans, we won’t let you in.如果你穿牛仔裝，我們將不讓你進(jìn)去。
1）jeans“牛仔褲”，總是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一條牛仔褲時(shí)用a piece of jeans.類似的詞還有：shorts, pants, trousers, glasses等。（2）let表示讓某人做某事，讓某事發(fā)生時(shí)，后面跟省略“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式或某些副詞。
eg.Let him in at once.Her father won’t let her go out at night.You’d better open the windows and let some flesh air in.2.If you become a professional soccer player, you’ll never go to college.如果你成為一名職業(yè)球員，你將永遠(yuǎn)不能上大學(xué)。
go to college意思是“上大學(xué)” go to the college意思是“去那個(gè)大學(xué)”
類似的詞組有g(shù)o to school / go to the school；go to church/ go to the church
3.If you do, the teacher will ask them to leave.如果你這么做，老師會(huì)叫他們離開(kāi)。
ask sb.to do請(qǐng)求某人做某事 eg.He asked us to clean the room quickly.The students asked the teacher to tell the story again.ask sb.for sth.向某人要某物 eg.It’s not good to ask parents for money.I If you want more food, you can ask the waiter for more.4.（1）make a lot of money意為“賺很多錢”（2）make a living意為“謀生”
（3）make life difficult使生活很困難 make....+ adj結(jié)構(gòu)意為“使……怎么樣” make the room clean.（4）make sb do sth使某人做某事
eg.He made us finish the job in two hours.（5）make it＋形容詞＋to do sth.eg.We will make it easier to do this in this way.5.I’ll be able to help people.我將會(huì)幫助人們。be able to與can作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都可表示能力，意為“會(huì)，能夠” be able to與can的主要區(qū)別是：
（1）can側(cè)重表示“客觀的可能性，請(qǐng)求或許可” eg.Can I help you? We can eat fruit to keep healthy.（2）be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)靠聰明、才干、奮斗等把過(guò)去某項(xiàng)困難克服或完成。
eg.We’ll be able to make money when we grow up.He wasn’t able to walk until he was seven.“be able to”的時(shí)態(tài)要比“can”的時(shí)態(tài)多，并且be able to可用于不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)中，can不能。
eg.I hope I will be able to write a story.He enjoyed being able to swim in the river.6.and do a lot of work to help people.做大量的工作幫助人們。work為“工作”之意時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，請(qǐng)區(qū)分work與job。eg.he has many part-time jobs.I’m sorry that I have too much work to do.7.And if you become rich, you’ll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.如果你變得有錢了，你將很難知道誰(shuí)是你真正的朋友。
have a difficult time（in）doing sth.做……很難
對(duì)比have a hard time with sth在……方面感到困難
eg.I had a difficult time in dealing with the matter.He had a hard time with computer.
第二篇：新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上下冊(cè)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
[人教版]新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
Unit 1
How often do you exercise? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：頻率副詞
詢問(wèn)別人做某事的頻繁程度
提問(wèn)用 How often 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句
回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞。
例句：A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次電視？)
B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看電視。)
A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？)
B: It's Animal World.(是《動(dòng)物世界》。)
A: How often do you watch it?(你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看一次這個(gè)節(jié)目？)主要頻率副詞的等級(jí)排序：
always(總是)> usually(通常)> often(經(jīng)常)> sometimes(有時(shí))> hardly ever(很少)> never(從不)隔一段時(shí)間做某事數(shù)次用 數(shù)詞 + 時(shí)間間隔 的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。如：
once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊詞 once)
twice a day 一天兩次(“兩次”用特殊詞 twice)
three times a month 一個(gè)月三次(三次或三次以上用 基數(shù)詞 + times 的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成)
four times a year 一年四次 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：how often 多久一次
be good for 對(duì)……有益
as for 至于；關(guān)于
be good for one's health 有益健康
how many 多少（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）
try to do sth.嘗試做某事
how much 多少（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）
get good grades 取得好成績(jī)
of course = sure 當(dāng)然；確信
help sb.[to] do sth.幫助某人做某事
look after = take care of = care for 照顧；照看
kind of 有點(diǎn)
a lot of = lots of = plenty of 許多；大量
want [sb.] to do sth.想要（某人）做某事
every day 每一天
keep in good health 保持健康
every night 每晚
No two men think alike.人心各異。
hardly ever 幾乎不 Unit 2
What's the matter? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人如何感覺(jué)
了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱
了解一些常見(jiàn)病的英文名稱
告訴別人應(yīng)該怎樣做和不應(yīng)該怎樣做
例句：A: What's the matter?(怎么了？)
B: I'm not feeling well.(我感覺(jué)不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。)
A: When did it start?(什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？)B: About two days ago.(大約兩天前開(kāi)始的。)
A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦，這很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你應(yīng)該躺下休息。)
B: Yes, I think so.(是的，我是這么認(rèn)為的。)
A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康復(fù)。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)： have a cold 患感冒
shouldn't = should not
be stressed out 緊張的；有壓力的a few 有些；幾個(gè)（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）
a little [bit] 有些；幾個(gè)（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）
at the moment 此刻；現(xiàn)在
What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's
the problem? 怎么了？
lie down and rest 躺下休息
see a doctor 看病
hope to do sth.希望做某事
listen to 聽(tīng)
for example 舉個(gè)例子
be good for 對(duì)……有益
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)
說(shuō)）……（加形容詞）
get tired 感到疲倦
stay healthy 保持健康
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.把某物給某人
need to do sth.需要做某事
Unit 3
What are you doing for vacation? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好即將按照計(jì)劃去執(zhí)行
例句：A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林輝，放假準(zhǔn)備干什么呢？)
B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。)
A: That sounds interesting!(這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里準(zhǔn)備干些什么事？)
B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我準(zhǔn)備上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢，托尼？)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假準(zhǔn)備干些什么呢？)
A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜訪我在香港的朋友。)
B: Oh yeah?(是嗎？)How long are you staying?(你要去多久??？)
A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想遠(yuǎn)走太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)
B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快！)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(記得從香港寄一張明信片回來(lái)！)
A: Sure.Show me your photos when we get back to school.(當(dāng)然。當(dāng)我們?cè)倩貙W(xué)校的時(shí)候，再看看你的照片。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：how long 多久
get back = come back 回來(lái)
take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假
a lot = very much 很；非常
be going to do sth.將要去做某事
sound + adj.聽(tīng)起來(lái)……（加形容詞）
sound like + n.聽(tīng)起來(lái)像……（加名詞）
have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
show sb.sth.= show sth.to sb.把某物給某人看
want to do sth.= would like to do sth.想要做某事
plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事
spend sometime [in] doing sth.花時(shí)間做某事
need to do sth.需要做某事
ask sb.about sth.詢問(wèn)某人某方面的事情
go shopping 去購(gòu)物
leave for 離開(kāi)去某地
Unit 4
How do you get to school? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人做某事的方式
用 How 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句
其回答有多種方式，其中一種結(jié)構(gòu)是 by doing sth.或 by sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。
詢問(wèn)兩地的距離用 how far 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句
回答用 be +(distance)+ [away] + from 的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學(xué)？)
B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學(xué)。)
A: How far is it from your home to school?(從家到學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？)
B: It's three miles.(有三英里遠(yuǎn)。)
A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(從家到學(xué)校需要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？)
B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分鐘。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽車
how far 多遠(yuǎn)
depend on 依賴于
by boat = take the boat 乘船
look at 看
by train = take the train 乘火車
by bike = ride one's bike 騎車
by subway =take the subway 乘地鐵
by plane = take the plane 乘飛機(jī)
on foot 走路
get up 起床
have breakfast 吃早飯
leave for somewhere 離開(kāi)去某地
take sb.to somewhere 帶某人去某地
half an hour = thirty minutes 半小時(shí)（三十分鐘）
around the world = all over the world 全世界
get to school 到學(xué)校
think of 認(rèn)為
on weekend 在周末
Unit 5
Can you come to my party? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)并請(qǐng)求某人做某事
例句：A: Hey, Dave.(你好，戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看電影嗎？)
B: I'm sorry, I can't.(對(duì)不起，我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(這個(gè)周末我有太多作業(yè)要做。)
A: That's too bad.(這太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。)
B: Sure, Joe.(當(dāng)然，喬。)Thanks for asking.(謝謝你的邀請(qǐng)。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
come over 來(lái)訪
study for a test 復(fù)習(xí)迎考
go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病
have to 不得不；必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上）
must 不得不；必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上）
help sb.with sth.= help sb.[to] do sth.幫助某人做某事
Unit 6
I'm more outgoing than my sister.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：在兩件或多件事物中進(jìn)行比較
使用形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
通常形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞后加-er(以e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加r，閉音節(jié)輔音字母結(jié)尾雙寫輔音字母加-er)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，最高級(jí)是在形容詞前加 the，形容詞后加-est(以e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加st，閉音節(jié)輔音字母結(jié)尾雙寫輔音字母加-est)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容詞 big 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；small → smaller → the smallest 形容詞 small 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞有3個(gè)或以上音節(jié)時(shí)，其比較級(jí)是在形容詞前加 more 的結(jié)構(gòu)，其最高級(jí)是在形容詞前加 the most 的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容詞 expensive 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容詞 outgoing 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))例句：A: Lin Ping is my friend.(Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活潑開(kāi)朗一些。)
B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一樣。)We are both quiet.(我們都很靜。)
A: Do you look the same?(你們長(zhǎng)相相像嗎？)
B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不，我比她高一點(diǎn)。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：more than 超出……
in common 共同的
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
most of 大多數(shù)
in some ways 在某些方面
the same as 與……一樣
make sb.+ adj.讓某人（感覺(jué)）……（加形容詞）
stop doing sth.停止做某事
too much + n.太多（針對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞）
too many + n.太多（針對(duì)可數(shù)名詞）
much too + adj.太……（加形容詞）
go to the movies 看電影
practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事
thanks for [doing] sth.為（做）某事而感謝
go to the dentist 看牙醫(yī)
be going to do sth.將要做某事（該事已計(jì)劃好）
will do sth.將要做某事（該事尚未計(jì)劃）
keep quiet 保持安靜
stop to do sth.停止當(dāng)前做的事去做另一件事
begin with 以……開(kāi)始
each other 互相
enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高興
spend sometime [in] doing sth.= spend
sometime on sth.花時(shí)間做某事
plan to do sth.計(jì)劃做某事
on a farm 在農(nóng)場(chǎng)
Unit 7
How do you make a banana milk shake? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：描述一個(gè)過(guò)程
服從別人的指令
詢問(wèn)做某事的過(guò)程用 how 引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句
分步回答用 first(首先), next(接著), then(然后), finally(最后)等時(shí)間副詞引導(dǎo)從句。例句：A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉？)
B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三個(gè)香蕉、三個(gè)蘋果和一個(gè)西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下來(lái)把水果放到一個(gè)碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入兩勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。)Finally mix it all up.(最后將它們放在一起攪拌。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：turn on 打開(kāi)（電器）[閉合開(kāi)關(guān)]
turn off 關(guān)閉（電器）[斷開(kāi)開(kāi)關(guān)]
cut up 切碎
mix up 混合
add...to...把……加到……上
pour...into...把……澆到……里面
put...in...把……放到……里面
put...on...把……放到……上面
a cup of 一杯
a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8
How was your school trip? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 + 賓語(yǔ)
談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的事情用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)形式：did 例句：Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上個(gè)星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亞州。)The weather was beautiful.(那兒的天氣很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：hang out 閑逛
a day off 一整天
sleep late 睡過(guò)頭
go for a drive 開(kāi)車兜風(fēng)
take photos = take pictures 照相
have fun doing sth.做某事很愉快
have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
a bowl of 一碗
at the end of 在……的盡頭
help sb.[to] do sth.幫助某人做某事
the class monitor 班長(zhǎng)
一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：hang → hung
buy → bought
sleep → slept
read/ri:d/ → read/red/
Unit 9
When was he born? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
談?wù)撝宋?例句：A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？)
B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 個(gè)月。)
A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始打嗝的？)
B: He started in 1922.(他從 1922 年就開(kāi)始打嗝了。)
A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么時(shí)候停止打嗝的？)
B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：too...to...太……以致不能……
take part in = join 參加
because of 因?yàn)椤?/p>
major in 主修；專研
start doing sth.開(kāi)始做某事（該事已計(jì)劃好）
start to do sth.開(kāi)始做某事（該事尚未計(jì)劃）
spend sometime with sb.花時(shí)間和某人在一起
spend sometime [in] doing sth.= spend sometime on sth.花時(shí)間做某事
see sb.do sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)全局）
see sb.doing sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）
Unit 10
I'm going to be a basketball player.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的兩種一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：will do；be going to do
兩種形式的區(qū)別：will do 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情尚未計(jì)劃好而即將做
be going to do 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已計(jì)劃好并將按照計(jì)劃來(lái)做
本單元重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào) be going to do 的形式。
例句：A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你準(zhǔn)備干些什么？)
B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音樂(lè)課。)I really love music.(我很喜歡音樂(lè)。)
A: Sounds interesting.(聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：grow up 成長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)大
at the same time 同時(shí)
all over 遍及
all over the world = around the world 全世界
be going to do sth.將要做某事
practice doing sth.練習(xí)做某事
study hard 努力學(xué)習(xí)
take lessons 上課
sound + adj.聽(tīng)起來(lái)……（加形容詞）
sound like + n.聽(tīng)起來(lái)像……（加名詞）
save money 存錢
buy sb.sth.= by sth.for sb.給某人買某物
buy sth.with the money 用錢買某物
write articles 寫文章
learn to do sth.學(xué)習(xí)做某事
get good grades 取得好成績(jī)
play sports 運(yùn)動(dòng)
keep fit 保持健康
write to sb.給某人寫信
enjoy doing sth.享受做某事
Unit 11
Could you please clean your room? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：委婉請(qǐng)求別人做某事
引導(dǎo)詞用 can, shall, will 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
例句：A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的電腦嗎？)
B: Sorry.I'm going to work on it now.(對(duì)不起，我正在忙著用電腦。)
A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么，我能看電視嗎？)
B: Yes, you can.(是，你可以看電視。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打掃完房間之后。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗
go to a meeting 開(kāi)會(huì)
take out 取出
hate(to do/doing)sth.討厭做某事
make one's bed 整理床鋪
like(to do/doing)sth.喜歡做某事
work on 從事；忙于
invite sb.to somewhere 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地
do chores = do housework 干家務(wù)
go to the store = go shopping 購(gòu)物
do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服
forget to do sth.忘記做某事（該事尚未做）
take care of = care for = look after 照看；照顧
forget doing sth.忘記做某事（該事已做過(guò)）
sweep the floor 掃地
give sb.sth.= give sth.to sb.把某物給某人
fold one's clothes 疊衣服
buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.買某物給某人
go to the movies 看電影
on vacation 度假
get a ride 騎車
Unit 12
What's the best radio station? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：在各事物間進(jìn)行比較
用形容詞的原形、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
例句：A: Hello!I'm a reporter.(你好，我是記者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能問(wèn)你一些問(wèn)題嗎？)
B: Sure.(當(dāng)然可以。)
A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城里最好的服裝店是哪一家？)
B: I think Jason's is the best.(我認(rèn)為杰森服裝店是最好的。)
A: Why do you think so?(為什么這樣認(rèn)為呢？)
B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(杰森服裝店有質(zhì)量最好的服裝。)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：close to = near 靠近；接近
inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服裝店
radio station 廣播站
talent show 業(yè)余歌手演唱會(huì)
it is adj.[for sb.] to do sth.做某事（對(duì)某人來(lái)
說(shuō)）感覺(jué)……（加形容詞）
cut the price 打折
not...at all = not...in the slightest 一點(diǎn)也不
in fact 實(shí)際上
pay for 為……而付款
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花錢買了某物
good/well → better → the best 形容詞 good /副詞 well 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容詞 bad /副詞 badly 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(shall/will)do do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(shall/will)be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People(will not/won't)have robots in a few years.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What will people have in a few years? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：won't = will not come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
they'll = they will in the future 未來(lái)
she'll = she will hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的he'll = he will thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的I'll = I will look for(sb./sth.)尋找（某人/某物）
fall in love with(sb./sth.)愛(ài)上（某人/某物）
will → would 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 的原形和過(guò)去式
be able to do sth.能夠做某事
may → might 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may 的原形和過(guò)去式Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about.(看著標(biāo)題和圖片，預(yù)知你要閱讀那些方面的內(nèi)容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information.(這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)（將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的委婉說(shuō)法）
do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(should/would)do do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(should/would)be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What should I do? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：keep sb.out 不讓某人進(jìn)入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不時(shí)髦的；過(guò)時(shí)的call sb.up 給某人打電話
pay for sth.為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same(to/with)與……同樣
in style 時(shí)髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb.= get along [well] with sb.與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not couldn't = could not as...as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb.for sth.= ask sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事
ask sb.not to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人不要做某事
spend(money)on sth.= spend(money)[in] doing sth.花錢做某事
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花錢為了某事
take sb.sometime to do sth.花某人時(shí)間做某事
find out 查明
find sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事
be angry with sb.生某人的氣
be angry at sth.生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb.與某人打架
learn to do sth.學(xué)會(huì)做某事
not...until...直到……才……
compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth.= it's time to do sth.到該做某事的時(shí)間了
maybe adv.或許
may be（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 shall 的原形和過(guò)去式
pay → paid → paid 動(dòng)詞 pay 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞 Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary.(時(shí)刻學(xué)著應(yīng)用新單詞來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)比時(shí)刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want.(在某些你需要的場(chǎng)合下，一本雙語(yǔ)字典有時(shí)會(huì)給你錯(cuò)誤的解釋。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：(was/were)doing do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(was/were)being done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed? 動(dòng)詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 后加瞬間動(dòng)詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句
結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)How + adj.+ the + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
=(2)What +(a/an)+ [adj.] + n.+ 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers [they are]!=How beautiful the flowers are!重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：get out 出去；離開(kāi)
get up = get out of the bed 起床
take off 起飛
at the doctor's 在診所
run away 逃跑；跑掉
every day 每一天
come in 進(jìn)來(lái)
everyday adj.日常的hear about = hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
most adj.大部分
take place 發(fā)生
the most 最多的as...as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)in space 在太空中
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
national hero 民族英雄
think about 考慮
all over the world = in the world 全世界 think of 認(rèn)為
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text.(一篇文章的標(biāo)題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read.(在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個(gè)很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))例句：----I'm good at English.He says.(改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)----He says I'm good at English.注意：①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.②主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.③賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.④動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其-ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開(kāi)
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth.忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth.忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事[對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)First read for meaning, not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的細(xì)節(jié)部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context.(至于不懂的單詞，你可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)尋找它的正確釋義。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？
in order to do sth.為了做某事
make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb.adj.使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb.done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend...(time/money)on sth.= spend...(time/money)in doing sth.花……（時(shí)間/錢）用于做某事
see sb.do sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程）
see sb.doing sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）
say → said → said 動(dòng)詞 say 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
tell → told → told 動(dòng)詞 tell 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動(dòng)詞 eat 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動(dòng)詞 speak 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：have/has been doing do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been being done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合：
①某事從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做 ②過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響 例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自從那次他與我談過(guò)心后，我天天都在進(jìn)步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。例句：你借這本書已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
How long have you been keeping this book? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō)
be interested in doing sth.對(duì)某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠(yuǎn)處
would like to do sth.= want to do sth.= feel like doing sth.想要做某事
send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb.把某物贈(zèng)送給某人
in fact 實(shí)際上
room 房間（用于可數(shù)名詞）；空間（用于不可數(shù)名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Let your eyes “scan” the text quickly to find details that you're looking for.(在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛“橫掃”整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點(diǎn)。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text.(這樣你就不用細(xì)讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：mind [one's] doing sth.介意（某人）做某事 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：not at all 一點(diǎn)也不
turn down 調(diào)節(jié)使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊(duì)等候
cut in line 插隊(duì)等候
hasn't = has not keep...down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當(dāng)心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關(guān)心；照顧
break the rule 違規(guī)
obey the rule 遵守規(guī)定
put out 熄滅
pick sth.up 撿起某物
wait for sb.等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動(dòng)詞 mean 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)As we read, we need to find “topic sentences”.(在我們閱讀的時(shí)候，我們需要尋找“主題語(yǔ)句”，也就是和文章中心最相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句。)These sentences usually gives us a “summary”, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語(yǔ)句通常會(huì)給我們一些文章的“概要”，或者每個(gè)文段的全部意思，來(lái)幫助我們理解段落大意。)After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當(dāng)“主題語(yǔ)句”出現(xiàn)后，該段的一些解釋和細(xì)節(jié)也就會(huì)隨之出現(xiàn)。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人為什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth.= why not do sth.例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)
hear of = hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
take an interest in = be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進(jìn)步
keep → kept → kept 動(dòng)詞 keep 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動(dòng)詞 feed 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動(dòng)詞 fall 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動(dòng)詞 hear 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must “summarize”.(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進(jìn)行總結(jié)。)Do this by answering “who, what, where, why” questions as you read.(在閱讀時(shí)，常注意回答時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物這些基本要素問(wèn)題，達(dá)到總結(jié)的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式：(have/has)done do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(have/has)been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例句：我去年去過(guò)美國(guó)，那是我第一次出國(guó)。
I have ever been to America.It's the first time for me to go abroad.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth.結(jié)束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動(dòng)詞 understand 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)After reading, write down three or more things you have learned.(在閱讀整篇文章之后，把你學(xué)到的三樣或更多事物寫下來(lái)。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect.(如果我們花時(shí)間去思考一些問(wèn)題的話，那么我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：反意疑問(wèn)句
反意疑問(wèn)句由肯定陳述句加否定問(wèn)句構(gòu)成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。例句：He's a student, isn't he? She's not his mother, is she? 回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要根據(jù)事實(shí)來(lái)回答。若事實(shí)是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實(shí)是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好，對(duì)吧？
You're not ready, are you? 是的，我沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。
No, I'm not.不，我準(zhǔn)備好了。
Yes, I am.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：look through 瀏覽
come along 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動(dòng)詞 forget 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ) Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(shall/will)do do/does 的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(shall/will)be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People(will not/won't)have robots in a few years.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What will people have in a few years? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：won't = will not they'll = they will
she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.)愛(ài)上（某人/某物）
be able to do sth.能夠做某事
come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
in the future 未來(lái)
hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的
look for(sb./sth.)尋找（某人/某物）
will → would 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 will 的原形和過(guò)去式
may → might 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may 的原形和過(guò)去式
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about.(看著標(biāo)題和圖片，預(yù)知你要閱讀那些方面的內(nèi)容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information.(這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)（將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的委婉說(shuō)法）
do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)形式：(should/would)do do/does 的過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(should/would)be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What should I do? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：keep sb.out 不讓某人進(jìn)入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了？
out of style 不時(shí)髦的；過(guò)時(shí)的call sb.up 給某人打電話
pay for sth.為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same(to/with)與……同樣
in style 時(shí)髦的；流行的
get on [well] with sb.= get along [well] with sb.與某人相處（好）
didn't = did not couldn't = could not as...as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)all kinds of 各種；許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb.for sth.= ask sb.to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人做某事
ask sb.not to do sth.請(qǐng)求某人不要做某事
spend(money)on sth.= spend(money)[in] doing sth.花錢做某事
sth.cost sb.(money)某人花錢為了某事
take sb.sometime to do sth.花某人時(shí)間做某事
find out 查明
find sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事
be angry with sb.生某人的氣
be angry at sth.生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb.與某人打架
learn to do sth.學(xué)會(huì)做某事
not...until...直到……才……
compare sth.(A)with sth.(B)把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth.= it's time to do sth.到該做某事的時(shí)間了
maybe adv.或許
may be（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形）可能是
shall → should 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 shall 的原形和過(guò)去式
pay → paid → paid 動(dòng)詞 pay 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary.(時(shí)刻學(xué)著應(yīng)用新單詞來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)比時(shí)刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want.(在某些你需要的場(chǎng)合下，一本雙語(yǔ)字典有時(shí)會(huì)給你錯(cuò)誤的解釋。)
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：(was/were)doing do/does 的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(was/were)being done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動(dòng)詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 后加瞬間動(dòng)詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句
結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)How + adj.+ the + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
=(2)What +(a/an)+ [adj.] + n.+ 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 例句：What a beautiful flower [it is]!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers [they are]!=How beautiful the flowers are!
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：get out 出去；離開(kāi)
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑；跑掉
come in 進(jìn)來(lái)
hear about = hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
take place 發(fā)生
as...as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認(rèn)為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj.日常的most adj.大部分
the most 最多的in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text.(一篇文章的標(biāo)題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read.(在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個(gè)很有效的方法。)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))例句：----I'm good at English.He says.(改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)----He says I'm good at English.注意：①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.②主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.③賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.④動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其-ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開(kāi)
care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth.忘記做某事（該事未做）
forget doing sth.忘記做某事（該事已做）
it's + adj.+ [for sb.] + to do sth.做某事[對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)]……（加形容詞）
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)First read for meaning, not for detail.(首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的細(xì)節(jié)部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context.(至于不懂的單詞，你可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)尋找它的正確釋義。)
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 + if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
if + 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？
in order to do sth.為了做某事
make sb.do sth.使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)不帶 to 的不定式。）
make sb.adj.使得某人……（加形容詞）
make sb.done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend...(time/money)on sth.= spend...(time/money)in doing sth.花……（時(shí)間/錢）用于做某事
see sb.do sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過(guò)程）
see sb.doing sth.看見(jiàn)某人做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)偶然性）
say → said → said 動(dòng)詞 say 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
tell → told → told 動(dòng)詞 tell 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動(dòng)詞 eat 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動(dòng)詞 speak 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式：have/has been doing do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been being done 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合：
①某事從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做 ②過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響 例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自從那次他與我談過(guò)心后，我天天都在進(jìn)步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑問(wèn)句例句：Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑問(wèn)句例句：How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間連用。例句：你借這本書已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？
How long have you been keeping this book? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：run out of 用完；用盡
by the way 順便說(shuō)說(shuō)
be interested in doing sth.對(duì)某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠(yuǎn)處
would like to do sth.= want to do sth.= feel like doing sth.想要做某事
send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb.把某物贈(zèng)送給某人
in fact 實(shí)際上
room 房間（用于可數(shù)名詞）；空間（用于不可數(shù)名詞）
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Let your eyes “scan” the text quickly to find details that you're looking for.(在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛“橫掃”整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點(diǎn)。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text.(這樣你就不用細(xì)讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：mind [one's] doing sth.介意（某人）做某事 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：not at all 一點(diǎn)也不
turn down 調(diào)節(jié)使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊(duì)等候
cut in line 插隊(duì)等候
hasn't = has not keep...down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當(dāng)心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關(guān)心；照顧
break the rule 違規(guī)
obey the rule 遵守規(guī)定
put out 熄滅
pick sth.up 撿起某物
wait for sb.等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動(dòng)詞 mean 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)As we read, we need to find “topic sentences”.(在我們閱讀的時(shí)候，我們需要尋找“主題語(yǔ)句”，也就是和文章中心最相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句。)These sentences usually gives us a “summary”, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語(yǔ)句通常會(huì)給我們一些文章的“概要”，或者每個(gè)文段的全部意思，來(lái)幫助我們理解段落大意。)After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當(dāng)“主題語(yǔ)句”出現(xiàn)后，該段的一些解釋和細(xì)節(jié)也就會(huì)隨之出現(xiàn)。)
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：詢問(wèn)別人為什么要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth.= why not do sth.例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)
hear of = hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō)
take an interest in = be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進(jìn)步
keep → kept → kept 動(dòng)詞 keep 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動(dòng)詞 feed 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動(dòng)詞 fall 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動(dòng)詞 hear 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must “summarize”.(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進(jìn)行總結(jié)。)Do this by answering “who, what, where, why” questions as you read.(在閱讀時(shí)，常注意回答時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物這些基本要素問(wèn)題，達(dá)到總結(jié)的目的。)
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)
do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)形式：(have/has)done do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(have/has)been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。例句：我去年去過(guò)美國(guó)，那是我第一次出國(guó)。
I have ever been to America.It's the first time for me to go abroad.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth.結(jié)束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動(dòng)詞 understand 的原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞
第三篇：2014新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期Unit 4知識(shí)歸納
2014新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期Unit 4知識(shí)歸納
一、重要單詞和短語(yǔ)
1.get on with “與某人相處”，= _______________ eg.__________________________.2.instead “代替”，adv.常位于句首或句末
instead of “代替”，后接n, pron, v-ing.eg.He played games ___________ doing homework last noght.=
He didn’t do homework yesterday, he played games _________.3.offer “提供”offer sb sth = _____________為某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出做某事eg.______________________.4.help lower your stress 幫助你減壓
(1)help(to)do sth
(2)lower, vt, “降低、減少” eg, 降低你的嗓音 _________________
(3)stress “壓力”=__________ 不可數(shù)名詞
5.have a fight with sb =______________________ =______________ 和某人吵、打架
6.so many +_______so much+__________“如此多”
too many+_______too much+_________“太多”
7.compete with sb ___________ compete for _____________ compete in _____________
8.talk with sb =__________________=___________________________和某人交流、交談 eg.讓我們經(jīng)常與父母交流。_________________________________________________.9.explain _______________向某人解釋某事
eg.誰(shuí)能把這個(gè)單詞給我解釋一下？___________________________________________?
10.mind _______________介意某人做某事
eg.我不介意你把門打開(kāi)。_____________________________________.11.feel good about sth 對(duì)??感覺(jué)良好
eg.我對(duì)物理感覺(jué)良好。________________________________.12.allow __________________ 允許某人做某事
__________________允許做某事
13.refuse _________________拒絕做某事
14.so + _______ +a/an+neg._________________________________=
such+a/an +_____+n_________________________________.15.compare A ________ B 把A與B作比較
compare A ________ B把A比喻成B
eg.你不應(yīng)該把自己與比爾作比較。_______________________________________________.16.cut__________ 刪除
17.in one’s opinion 在某人看來(lái)
18.perhaps=_________ 可能、大概、也許
19.argue____________ =_____________________________和某人爭(zhēng)吵
20.cause a lot of pressure for children 為孩子制造太多的壓力
cause sth for/to sb=cause sb sth為??制造??
eg.是什么導(dǎo)致這棵樹(shù)死了？____________________________________?
21.continue______________/____________ 繼續(xù)做某事
22.on the phone 通過(guò)電話、在通話中
23.write sb a letter =_____________________________
24.return sth to sb =___________________歸還 return=___________ 回來(lái)、返回
25.a big deal 一件大事、一件重要的事
26.The +姓（復(fù)數(shù)）??一家 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式
eg.格林一家正在互相交談。____________________________________________________.27.處于太多的壓力之下。_________________________________
28.look through 瀏覽
29.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事find sb ___________ sth
30.對(duì)??瘋狂、狂熱_____________________
31.get into=________=_________ a good university
32.leave sth +地點(diǎn)把某物遺忘在某地 forgrt sth 后能接地點(diǎn)
33.-It’s time ________ sth
________ do sth
34.讓某人做某事____________________ _____________________________
35.not...anymore 不再
36.各種各樣的_______________ 一種__________________
37.下次_____________
二、語(yǔ)法
1.表示建議的句式
（1）Why don’t you=_____________? 后接V原形
(2)What/how about...?后接V-ing
(3)You’dbetter(not)....后接V原形
(4)You should/could(not)...后接V原形
(5)Let’s(not)....后接V原形
2.until 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句 although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
三、練習(xí)
1.In their ________(opinion),which is more interesting, art or music?
2.I don’t have enough free time _____________(relax).3.__________(hang)out with friends is important.4.You should’t _________(compete)with your classmates _______(get)better grades.5.It’s even______________(important)to have happy children.6.When I have problems,he offers ________(help)me.7.Every morning I find many people _______(eat)at Tom’s Dumpling House.8.Why don’t you _______(talk)about these feelings with your family?
9.My elder brother often refuses ________(share)the chores with me.10.Stop ___________(argue), it’s time for class.11.It’s not easy for me _________(get)on well with my schoolmates.12.I want to have a happy kid instead of a ____________(success)kid.13.You make your kid ________(take)so many after-school classes.14.Now, it’s time for us _________(have)dinner.15.They don’t allow their daughter ________(hang)out with friends after school.四、作文
假如你是心理醫(yī)生Dr Clark,你收到學(xué)生Lucy的來(lái)信。她在信中說(shuō)，自己很喜歡看電視，但父母擔(dān)心影響她學(xué)習(xí)，不讓她看，她有時(shí)和父母爭(zhēng)吵，很煩惱，不知道怎么辦。請(qǐng)你給她回信給出解決辦法。
第四篇：音樂(lè)新課標(biāo)2011版 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
一、本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定，以堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系為導(dǎo)向，為培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的審美情趣和人文素養(yǎng)發(fā)揮重要作用。
二、音樂(lè)課程性質(zhì)主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面：
（一）人文性：音樂(lè)是文化的重要組成部分，是人類寶貴的精神文化遺產(chǎn)和智慧結(jié)晶。
（二）審美性：通過(guò)音樂(lè)教育培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生感受美、表現(xiàn)美、鑒賞美、創(chuàng)造美的能力，陶冶情操，發(fā)展個(gè)性，啟迪智慧，豐富和發(fā)展形象思維，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和創(chuàng)造能力，全面提升學(xué)生的素質(zhì)。
（三）實(shí)踐性：音樂(lè)課程各領(lǐng)域的教學(xué)只有通過(guò)聆聽(tīng)、演唱、探究、綜合性藝術(shù)表演和音樂(lè)編創(chuàng)等多種實(shí)踐形式才能得以實(shí)施。
三、課程基本理念
（一）以音樂(lè)審美為核心，以興趣愛(ài)好為動(dòng)力：音樂(lè)審美指的是對(duì)音樂(lè)藝術(shù)美感的體驗(yàn)、感悟、溝通、交流以及對(duì)不同音樂(lè)文化語(yǔ)境和人文內(nèi)涵的認(rèn)知。
（二）強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂(lè)實(shí)踐，鼓勵(lì)音樂(lè)創(chuàng)造：音樂(lè)教學(xué)是音樂(lè)藝術(shù)的實(shí)踐過(guò)程。音樂(lè)創(chuàng)造，目的在于通過(guò)音樂(lè)豐富學(xué)生的形象思維，開(kāi)發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性潛質(zhì)。
（三）突出音樂(lè)特點(diǎn)，關(guān)注學(xué)科綜合
（四）弘揚(yáng)民族音樂(lè)，理解音樂(lè)文化多樣性
（五）面向全體學(xué)生，注重個(gè)性發(fā)展
四、課程設(shè)計(jì)思路
（一）凸顯音樂(lè)課程的美育功能，以音樂(lè)活動(dòng)方式劃分教學(xué)領(lǐng)域
（二）設(shè)計(jì)豐富的音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與
（三）正確處理音樂(lè)知識(shí)、技能的學(xué)習(xí)與審美體驗(yàn)和文化認(rèn)知的關(guān)系
（四）根據(jù)學(xué)生不同年齡段的心理發(fā)展水平和音樂(lè)認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)，分學(xué)段設(shè)計(jì)梯度漸進(jìn)的課程學(xué)段目標(biāo)及相應(yīng)的操程內(nèi)容
（五）課程內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)，在明確的規(guī)定性和適度的彈性之間尋求平衡，培教師教學(xué)和地方音樂(lè)課程資源開(kāi)發(fā)留有創(chuàng)造和選擇運(yùn)用的空間
五、音樂(lè)課程總目標(biāo)
學(xué)生通過(guò)音樂(lè)課程學(xué)習(xí)和參與豐富多樣的藝術(shù)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，探究、發(fā)現(xiàn)、領(lǐng)略音樂(lè)的藝術(shù)魅力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)音樂(lè)的持久興趣，涵養(yǎng)美感，和諧身心，陶冶情操，健全人格。學(xué)習(xí)并掌握必要的音樂(lè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能，拓展文化視野，發(fā)展音樂(lè)聽(tīng)覺(jué)與欣賞能力、表現(xiàn)能力和創(chuàng)造船力，形成基本的音樂(lè)素養(yǎng)。豐富情感體驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)良好的審美情趣和積極樂(lè)觀的生活態(tài)度，促進(jìn)身心的健康發(fā)展。上述課程目標(biāo)以下列三個(gè)維度表述。
（一）情感一態(tài)度一價(jià)值觀
1．豐富情感體驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)對(duì)生活的積極樂(lè)觀態(tài)度 2．培養(yǎng)音樂(lè)興趣，樹(shù)立終身學(xué)習(xí)的愿望 3．提高音樂(lè)審美能力，陶冶高尚情操 4．培養(yǎng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義情感，增強(qiáng)集體主義精神 5．尊重藝術(shù)，理解世界文化的多樣性
（二）過(guò)程與方法1．體驗(yàn)2．模仿3．探究4．合作5．綜合（三）知識(shí)與技能
1．音樂(lè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)：學(xué)習(xí)并掌握音樂(lè)基本要素（如力度、速度、音色、節(jié)奏、節(jié)拍、旋律、調(diào)式、和聲等）、常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)、體裁形式、風(fēng)格流派和演唱、演奏、識(shí)譜、編創(chuàng)等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。
2．音樂(lè)基本技能：學(xué)習(xí)演唱、演奏、創(chuàng)作的初步技能，能夠自信、自然、有表情地演唱歌曲和演奏課堂樂(lè)器，了解音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作的基本方法。在音樂(lè)聽(tīng)覺(jué)感知基礎(chǔ)上識(shí)讀樂(lè)譜，在音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中運(yùn)用樂(lè)譜。3．音樂(lè)歷史與相關(guān)文化知識(shí)
了解中外音樂(lè)發(fā)展的簡(jiǎn)要?dú)v史和有代表性的音樂(lè)家，初步識(shí)別不同時(shí)代、不同民族的音樂(lè)。認(rèn)識(shí)音樂(lè)與姊妹藝術(shù)的聯(lián)系，感知不同藝術(shù)門類的主要表現(xiàn)手段和藝術(shù)形式特征。了解音樂(lè)與藝術(shù)之外其他學(xué)科的聯(lián)系，擴(kuò)展音樂(lè)文化視野。根據(jù)自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和已學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，認(rèn)識(shí)音樂(lè)的社會(huì)功能，理解音樂(lè)與社會(huì)生活的關(guān)系。
六、學(xué)段目標(biāo)（7、9年級(jí)）
∮增進(jìn)對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣。
∮提高音樂(lè)感受與評(píng)價(jià)欣賞的能力，養(yǎng)成良好的音樂(lè)欣賞習(xí)慣。
∮能自信地、有感情地演唱，積極參與演奏及創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)，發(fā)展表現(xiàn)音樂(lè)的能力。
∮豐富和提高藝術(shù)想象力和創(chuàng)造力。
∮培養(yǎng)豐富的生活情趣和樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度，增強(qiáng)集體意識(shí)，鍛煉合作與協(xié)調(diào)能力。
七、課程內(nèi)容：教學(xué)領(lǐng)域以（音樂(lè)活動(dòng)方式）劃分
1、感受與欣賞：注意以音樂(lè)為本，從音響出發(fā)，以聽(tīng)賞為主。
（一）音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)要素【7～9】年級(jí)
∮探索自然界和生活中的各種音響，能夠用不同方式模仿不同的聲音。
∮加深對(duì)人聲、樂(lè)器聲的了解和體驗(yàn)。能夠說(shuō)出各類人聲和常見(jiàn)樂(lè)器的音色特點(diǎn)。
∮能夠在感知力度、速度、音色、節(jié)奏、節(jié)拍、旋律、調(diào)式、和聲等音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)要素的過(guò)程中，根據(jù)自己的體驗(yàn)說(shuō)出音樂(lè)要素的表現(xiàn)作用。
∮感知音樂(lè)的結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠簡(jiǎn)單表述所聽(tīng)音樂(lè)不同段落的對(duì)比與變化。
（二）音樂(lè)情緒與情感【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠有意識(shí)地體驗(yàn)音樂(lè)所表達(dá)的各種情感，并能運(yùn)用音樂(lè)術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行描述。
∮能夠體驗(yàn)音樂(lè)情感的發(fā)展變化，并能簡(jiǎn)要描述或通過(guò)多種形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
（三）音樂(lè)體裁與形式【7～9年級(jí)】
∮聆聽(tīng)大合唱、組歌、室內(nèi)樂(lè)、協(xié)奏曲、交響曲、歌劇、音樂(lè)劇、舞劇音樂(lè)及其他體裁的歌曲和樂(lè)曲，能夠隨著樂(lè)聲哼唱音樂(lè)主題，并能運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)男问綄?duì)所聽(tīng)音樂(lè)做出反應(yīng)。
∮通過(guò)欣賞音樂(lè)分辨不同的體裁與形式。聆聽(tīng)音樂(lè)主題并說(shuō)出曲名和作者。
∮結(jié)合所聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，了解音樂(lè)體裁與形式在音樂(lè)表現(xiàn)中的作用。
（四）音樂(lè)風(fēng)格與流派【7～9年級(jí)】
∮聆聽(tīng)中華民族民間音樂(lè)，簡(jiǎn)單描述其不同的地域特點(diǎn)或民族風(fēng)格，能夠說(shuō)出戲曲、曲藝的主要種類和代表人物。
∮聆聽(tīng)世界部分國(guó)家的民族民間音樂(lè)，能夠?qū)ζ滹L(fēng)格特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描述。
∮聆聽(tīng)世界不同國(guó)家的優(yōu)秀音樂(lè)作品，能夠說(shuō)出主要音樂(lè)流派的代表人物。
2、表現(xiàn)
（一）演唱【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠主動(dòng)地參與各種演唱活動(dòng)，養(yǎng)成良好的唱歌習(xí)慣。
∮能夠自信地、有感情地請(qǐng)唱歌曲。在合唱中積累演唱經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)一步感受合唱的藝術(shù)魅力。學(xué)習(xí)基本的指揮圖示，能對(duì)指揮的起、止、表情等做出正確的反應(yīng)。
∮學(xué)習(xí)變聲期噪音保護(hù)的知識(shí)，懂得噪音保護(hù)的方法。
∮能夠簡(jiǎn)單分析歌曲的特點(diǎn)與風(fēng)格，表現(xiàn)歌曲的音樂(lè)情緒與意境。能夠?qū)ψ约?、他人或集體的演唱作簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)。
∮每學(xué)年能夠背唱歌曲2～4首（其中中國(guó)民歌1首），學(xué)唱京劇或地方戲曲唱腔1段。
（二）演奏【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠主動(dòng)地參與各種演奏活動(dòng)，養(yǎng)成良好的演奏習(xí)慣。
∮能夠選擇某種樂(lè)器，運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)难葑喾椒ū憩F(xiàn)樂(lè)曲的情緒，力求用優(yōu)美的音色進(jìn)行演奏。
∮能夠?qū)ψ约?、他人或集體的演奏作簡(jiǎn)單評(píng)價(jià)。
∮,每學(xué)年能夠演奏樂(lè)曲2～3首。
（三）綜合性藝術(shù)表演【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠自信地、有表情地參與綜合性藝術(shù)表演活動(dòng)。
∮能夠結(jié)合所學(xué)的歌曲、樂(lè)曲創(chuàng)設(shè)簡(jiǎn)單的表演情境或做形體動(dòng)作。
∮學(xué)習(xí)表演簡(jiǎn)單的歌劇、音樂(lè)劇、京劇或其他戲曲、曲藝片段，并能對(duì)自己與他人表演做出評(píng)價(jià)。
（四）識(shí)讀樂(lè)潛【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠跟隨琴聲或錄音視唱樂(lè)譜。
∮具備識(shí)譜能力，能夠比較順暢地識(shí)讀樂(lè)譜。
3、創(chuàng)造
（一）探索音響與音樂(lè)【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠運(yùn)用人聲、樂(lè)器聲或其他聲音材料表現(xiàn)一定的情境。
∮能夠?qū)ψ约夯蛩说穆曇籼剿骰顒?dòng)作出評(píng)價(jià)。
（二）即興編創(chuàng)【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠即興編唱生活短語(yǔ)或詩(shī)詞短句。
∮能夠依據(jù)歌曲、樂(lè)曲的內(nèi)容及情緒，進(jìn)行即興編創(chuàng)表演活動(dòng)。
（三）創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠利用教師或教材提供的材料和方法，獨(dú)立地或與他人合作綰創(chuàng)4～8小節(jié)的旋律短句或短曲，并能用樂(lè)譜記錄下來(lái)。
4、音樂(lè)與相關(guān)文化
（一）音樂(lè)與社會(huì)生活【7～9年級(jí)】
∮養(yǎng)成關(guān)注音樂(lè)的習(xí)慣，能夠用實(shí)例說(shuō)明音樂(lè)在社會(huì)生活中的作用。
∮喜歡并能夠從傳播媒體或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出中聆聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，能夠搜集和積累音樂(lè)信息，愿與同學(xué)交換所搜集到的音樂(lè)材料，交流音樂(lè)感受。
∮樂(lè)于參加社區(qū)或鄉(xiāng)村的音樂(lè)活動(dòng)，并能作出自己的評(píng)價(jià)。
（二）音樂(lè)與姊妹藝術(shù)【7～9年級(jí)】
∮通過(guò)藝術(shù)作品，能夠簡(jiǎn)單比較聽(tīng)覺(jué)藝術(shù)與視覺(jué)藝術(shù)在表現(xiàn)材料和表現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)方面的相同與不同。
∮能夠結(jié)合所熟悉的影視片，表述對(duì)某些背景音樂(lè)或主題音樂(lè)的認(rèn)識(shí)。
∮能夠運(yùn)用綜合藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)手段，與他人合作進(jìn)行班級(jí)文藝活動(dòng)的創(chuàng)意與設(shè)計(jì)。
（三）音樂(lè)與藝術(shù)之外的其他學(xué)科【7～9年級(jí)】
∮能夠簡(jiǎn)單表述音樂(lè)對(duì)于情緒的影響，并能運(yùn)用合適的音樂(lè)進(jìn)行自我調(diào)節(jié)。
∮理解聲音藝術(shù)與語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)的關(guān)系，能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)剡x用音樂(lè)，烘托詩(shī)詞、散文的意境。
∮加深對(duì)音樂(lè)作品的理解，說(shuō)出中國(guó)和世界部分國(guó)家的代表性歌曲或樂(lè)曲及相關(guān)的風(fēng)土人情。
八、教學(xué)實(shí)施建議
為保證本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施，教師要深入領(lǐng)會(huì)課程的基本理念，以音樂(lè)為本，以學(xué)生為本，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)課程價(jià)值和課程目標(biāo)。1．遵循聽(tīng)覺(jué)藝術(shù)的感知規(guī)律，突出音樂(lè)學(xué)科的特點(diǎn)
2．重視教學(xué)目標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)與整合：音樂(lè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)體現(xiàn)三個(gè)維度的整合及有機(jī)聯(lián)系，重視情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀的正確導(dǎo)向，注意過(guò)程與方法的教學(xué)體現(xiàn)，同時(shí)應(yīng)明確知識(shí)與技能的目標(biāo)達(dá)成。3．注意音樂(lè)教學(xué)各領(lǐng)域之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系 4．正確處理教學(xué)中的各種關(guān)系 5．積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng) 6．合理運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)手段 7．因地制宜地實(shí)施本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
九、評(píng)價(jià)建議
音樂(lè)課程評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)充分體現(xiàn)全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育的精神，貫徹本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所闡述的課程理念，著眼于評(píng)價(jià)的診斷、激勵(lì)與改善的功能。通過(guò)科學(xué)的課程評(píng)價(jià)，有利于學(xué)生了解自己的進(jìn)步，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的信心和動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)課程教學(xué)質(zhì)量的不斷提高。
（一）評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容
對(duì)學(xué)生的評(píng)價(jià)是課程評(píng)價(jià)的主要方面，應(yīng)以本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中各教學(xué)領(lǐng)域的課程內(nèi)容為基本依據(jù)，全面考查課程內(nèi)容所涉及的情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀、過(guò)程與方法、知識(shí)與技能方面的要求。如學(xué)生對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣愛(ài)好與情感反應(yīng)，學(xué)生在音樂(lè)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中的參與態(tài)度、參與程度、合作愿望及協(xié)調(diào)能力，音樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)的方法與成效，音樂(lè)的體驗(yàn)與感受能力，音樂(lè)的表現(xiàn)與編創(chuàng)能力，對(duì)音樂(lè)與相關(guān)文化的認(rèn)識(shí)、理解，審美情趣的形成以及掌握知識(shí)、技能的實(shí)際水平等。
（二）評(píng)價(jià)的方式與方法
1．形成性評(píng)價(jià)與終結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合 2．定性述評(píng)與定量涮評(píng)相結(jié)合
3．自評(píng)、互評(píng)及他評(píng)相結(jié)合
十、教材編寫原則
1．學(xué)生為本原則 2．教育性原則 3．科學(xué)性原則 4．實(shí)踐性原則 5．綜合性原則 6．開(kāi)放性原則
十一、音樂(lè)教育的基本方式：以情感人 以美育人
第五篇：八年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)課件
八年級(jí)下學(xué)期的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要面向全體學(xué)生，關(guān)注每個(gè)學(xué)生的情感思想，尊重個(gè)體差異，不歧視，鼓勵(lì)不同個(gè)性的學(xué)習(xí)見(jiàn)解,幫助學(xué)生建立自信.以下是小編整理的八年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)課件，歡迎閱讀。
Ⅰ.Teaching Aims:
1.Knowledge Aims:
1).Learn some new words and phrases: warn, motorcycle, light-colored, obey, fine
2).Go on learning the usages of adverbial clauses of condition:
If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.If we break the traffic rules, we will get a fine and even be in danger.2.Ability Aims:
Enable students to talk about traffic rules, signs and warnings.Learn to express remindings and warnings:(1)People should obey the traffic lights.(2)Don’t rush when you corss the street!(3)Don’t forget to pay attention to the rules.3.Emotion Aims:
學(xué)會(huì)遵守交通規(guī)則，樹(shù)立安全意識(shí)。使學(xué)生識(shí)別交通標(biāo)志，掌握交通規(guī)則，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中遵守交通規(guī)則。培養(yǎng)守紀(jì)守法的道德品質(zhì)。
Ⅱ.Difficult and key points:
1.Get students to learn some new words and phrases: warn, motorcycle, light-colored, obey, fine
2.Enable students to talk about traffic rules, signs and warnings.3.Enable students to master the usages of adverbial clauses of condition.Ⅲ.Teaching methods:
listening, reading;summing-up, competition, speaking, etc.Ⅳ.Teaching tools: slides;tape, etc Ⅴ.Teaching procedure：
Step 1 Review
復(fù)習(xí)Section A的重點(diǎn)話題，并導(dǎo)入1a。
1.(復(fù)習(xí)Section A中呈現(xiàn)的騎自行車的好處。)
T: We’ve learnt lots of advantages in riding bicycles in Section A.Let’s review it.1)It's faster than walking.2)It can save energy.3)It doesn't cause air pollution.4)It's easy to park bikes.5)……
2.Have a competition.The main words and phrases in 2a Section A..聽(tīng)mp3_________________________________.數(shù)米遠(yuǎn)處_________________________________
向左的急轉(zhuǎn)彎________________________________.減速_________________________________
從對(duì)面開(kāi)來(lái)_________________________________
避免撞上卡車________________________________.撞上_________________________________.嚴(yán)重地撞傷了他的胳膊________________________.把他送到醫(yī)院______________________________
受傷_________________________________.失去生命____________________________
Step 2 Presentation
呈現(xiàn)1a并講解。
1.(教師利用實(shí)物或圖片引出要求學(xué)生理解的單詞。)
T:(出示頭盔的實(shí)物或圖片。)What’s this? Ss: It’s a helmet.(教師適當(dāng)幫助說(shuō)出。)T: What do we use it for?
Ss: We use it to…(老師說(shuō)出protect our heads。)(用同樣的方法學(xué)習(xí)light-colored clothes。)
T: Traffic accidents are really terrible.We should also know more about the traffic rules.If we don’t obey them, what will happen? Can you guess? S1: Cause traffic accidents.S2: Lose our lives.S3: Get hurt.…
(學(xué)生可能會(huì)用中文說(shuō)出要被罰款，教師及時(shí)教學(xué)fine。)T: Yes.We’ll also get a fine.(板書并教學(xué)生詞，要求學(xué)生理解。)
helmet, light-colored, fine
2.(教師布置并板書聽(tīng)力任務(wù)，讓學(xué)生帶著任務(wù)聽(tīng)錄音，降低聽(tīng)力難度并使其注意力高度集中。)
T: Now, boys and girls, please look at the blackboard.Listen to 1a carefully and find the answers to the questions.Are you ready? Let’s begin.Why did the bike accident happen? What’s Kangkang’s suggestion? Does Michael agree with Kangkang?
(師生一起核對(duì)答案。)
3.(讓學(xué)生讀1a，找出條件狀語(yǔ)從句并標(biāo)出疑難點(diǎn)。)
T: Now let’s read 1a and find out the adverbial clauses of condition and difficulties.(教師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生讀出所找的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和疑難點(diǎn)，然后加以解釋。)
Step 3 Explanation
1)the young man on the bicycle 騎自行車的年輕人 介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ) the young man on the motorcycle 騎摩托車的年輕人 2)in fact 事實(shí)上
3)We can wear bicycle helmets when riding.騎自行車的時(shí)候我們應(yīng)該戴頭盔。
4)If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如果主句是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。如果明天不下雨，我們就去郊游。If it doesn't rain, we will go on a field trip.5)If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger.break the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則
get a fine 受到處罰 他受到嚴(yán)重處罰。He got a heavy fine.be in danger 處在危險(xiǎn)中
6)warn sb.to do sth.警告/提醒某人做某事
warn sb.not to do sth.警告/提醒某人不要做某事
Step 4 Consolidation
鞏固1a，完成1b。
1.(教師放1a的錄音，讓學(xué)生跟讀。)T: Listen and follow the tape.T: Work in pairs, look at the key words on the blackboard and practice the dialog.(教師時(shí)刻關(guān)注學(xué)生動(dòng)態(tài)，及時(shí)幫助有困難的同學(xué)，保證每位同學(xué)積極參與。)(板書)bicycle accident—terrible—careless—bike lights—light-colored clothes—break—traffic rules—fine(幾分鐘后，選幾組學(xué)生看關(guān)鍵詞, 自由表演對(duì)話。)
T: Time is up.Come to the front and act out the dialog.Be brave!Don’t be shy.Which pair wants to have a try? …
T: Well done!You did a very good job!(對(duì)學(xué)生給予鼓勵(lì)和肯定。)
2.(讓學(xué)生出示他們?cè)谏瞎?jié)課所討論交流的交通圖標(biāo)，復(fù)習(xí)其含義，然后獨(dú)立完成1b，核對(duì)答案。掌握單詞warn；理解crossing。)
Step 5 Practice
完成2和4，并討論3。
1.(教師組織課堂活動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成2。)
T: Now you know so many traffic signs, and will you follow them when you see them? I hope all of you will obey the traffic rules.If everyone obeys the traffic rules, the road will be safer.Do you think so?
S1: Yes, of course.T: If you ride at night, what should you do?
S1: I should have lights on the bicycle or wear light-colored clothes.T: If you ride on the street, what should you wear?
S2: If I ride on the street, I should wear a bicycle helmet.2.(教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論，要求學(xué)生掌握trouble。完成3。)
T: Please look at these pictures, discuss the results of breaking the traffic rules using “if” in groups and then I’ll choose some students to report.3.(放4的錄音，完成4。)
T: Today many people like riding bicycles in the world.Why? Please listen to 4 and fill in the blanks.Step 6 Project
綜合探究本課重點(diǎn)話題。
1.(復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)的交通規(guī)則，并將其準(zhǔn)確歸類，看哪些行為是可行的，哪些是不可行的，列成表格。)
What we should do obey the traffic lights obey the traffic signs drive/walk…on the right-hand side of the road … What we shouldn’t do rush on the street park in the wrong places … …
2.(教師將學(xué)生分成小組，每組4人，各小組推選一名組長(zhǎng)，組長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督各組員完成調(diào)查表，并核對(duì)大家在平常的生活中是否遵守交通規(guī)則。)
T: Work in groups of four.Look at the chart and check if you obey the traffic rules in your daily life.(教師讓組長(zhǎng)向全班匯報(bào)各組員遵守交通規(guī)則的情況，并作示范。)Example:
S1: Always obey the traffic rules.S2: Sometimes obey the traffic rules.S3: Never obey the traffic rules.…
3.Homework:
(寫出不少于5個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。)
(1)Please make at least five sentences using “if”.Pay attention to the tense.(2)Look up the words in the box in 1a on P.45 and find out their meanings.(為新課做準(zhǔn)備。)
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 