第一篇：2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案(快速閱讀部分

2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案（快速閱讀部分）

快速閱讀：

Why Integrity Matters

為什么正直很重要

What is Integrity?

正直是什么？

“Integrity” is defined as “adherence to moral and ethical principles； honesty．” The key to integrity is consistency－－not only setting high personal standards for oneself（honesty，responsibility，respect for others，fairness）but also living up to those standards each day． One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices，choices which may be clouded by stress，pressure to succeed，or temptation．對(duì)于“integrity”（正直）這個(gè)詞的定義是“堅(jiān)守道德倫理原則，誠(chéng)實(shí)”，達(dá)到正直的關(guān)鍵是一致性：不僅給自己樹立高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（誠(chéng)實(shí)守信、有責(zé)任感、尊重他人、公平公正），更要堅(jiān)持不懈遵守這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。正直的人即使在面對(duì)人生中艱難的選擇時(shí)，比如飽受精神壓力、不許失敗的外部壓力或者充滿誘惑的選擇，他也能感到道德倫理的約束并遵守準(zhǔn)則。

What happens if we lie，cheat，steal，or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed． But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others． Trust is essential in any important relationship，whether personal or professional． Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus，integrity must be one of our most important goals．

如果我們說謊了、騙人了、偷盜了、違背其他倫理準(zhǔn)則了會(huì)如何？我們會(huì)對(duì)自己感到失望、感到羞愧。正直的缺失對(duì)人際關(guān)系也會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。在任何重要的人際關(guān)系中，不論是私人關(guān)系還是職業(yè)關(guān)系，信任都是必不可少的?？墒钦l(shuí)能去相信一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)、不公正的人呢？所以說，正直絕對(duì)是我們最重要的目標(biāo)之一。

Risky Business

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)那些事

We are each responsible for our own decisions，even if the decision－making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure． The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake，by understanding why we acted as we did，and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future．

我們每個(gè)人都需要對(duì)自己的決定負(fù)責(zé)，即便在做決定的過程中受到了精神壓力或同事施加的壓力的影響。對(duì)于性格的真正考驗(yàn)是看我們能否從過錯(cuò)中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，解析自己為什么會(huì)犯下過錯(cuò)，從而去探索方法，在將來(lái)避免類似問題。

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems． We must learn to recognize risks，because if we can't see the risks we're taking，we can't make responsible choices． To identify risks，we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts． For example，one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit，or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required． But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct． Ignorance is not a defense．

想要避免將來(lái)犯錯(cuò)，做出合乎道德的決定至關(guān)重要。我們必須學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)榭床坏阶约撼袚?dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就做不出負(fù)責(zé)的決定。想要認(rèn)識(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們需要知道事情的規(guī)則，并對(duì)實(shí)際情況有所察覺。比方說，一個(gè)不清楚剽竊規(guī)則的人可能不經(jīng)意間沒有向作者守信便用了他的話或觀點(diǎn)，一個(gè)在研究過程中沒有仔細(xì)記錄資料來(lái)源的人可能無(wú)意中忘了將資料標(biāo)注為引用而直接使用。這樣的違規(guī)雖然不是有意為之，但“無(wú)意”并不能作為行為不端的借口，無(wú)知不能作為辯護(hù)。

“But Everybody Does It”

別說“每個(gè)人都這么干”

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts，but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses： “Everyone else does it，” “I'm not hurting anyone，” or “I really need this grade．” Excuses can get very elaborate： “I know I'm looking at another's exam，even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper，but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers，not copying．” We must be honest about our actions，and avoid excuses． If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong，we can't see the real choice we're making－－and that leads to bad decisions．

惹禍上身的人中絕大多數(shù)都知道規(guī)則和事實(shí)，但是他們總能找借口來(lái)忽悠自己，抹去所承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如“人人都這么干”、“我又沒害誰(shuí)”、“我真的需要這個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)”。有些理由還很復(fù)雜：“我知道自己有偷看其他人的試卷，雖然我應(yīng)該只把目光放在自己的卷子上。但那不是作弊，我不過是核對(duì)一下答案，沒有抄襲?！蔽覀兊男袨楸仨氄\(chéng)實(shí)，不要給自己找借口。如果我們自欺欺人地讓自己相信沒有做錯(cuò)事，那么我們將無(wú)法看清自己真正的選擇，而這會(huì)讓我們做出糟糕的決定。

To avoid fooling yourself，watch out for excuses and try this test： Ask how you would feel if your actions were public，and anyone could be watching over your shoulder． Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions，that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself．

想要避免自欺欺人，小心不要找借口，另外可以嘗試做這個(gè)測(cè)試：捫心自問，如果你的行為是公開的，每個(gè)人都可能在監(jiān)視你的一舉一動(dòng)，你是會(huì)感到驕傲呢還是羞愧呢？如果你想隱瞞自己的行為，那就明確意味著你是在冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并給自己找借口。

Evaluating Risks

評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

To decide whether a risk is worth taking，you must examine the consequences，in the future as well as right now，negative as well as positive，and to others as well as to yourself． Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits（“what's in it for me”），and simply haven't considered what might go wrong． The consequences of getting caught are serious，and may include a “0” on a test or assignment； an “F” in the class； Suspension or Dismissal from school； transcript notation； and a tarnished reputation． In fact，when you break a rule or law，you lose control over your life，and give others the power to impose punishment： you have no control over what that punishment might be． This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position． There may be some matters of life and death，or highest principle，which might justify such a risk，but there aren't many things that fall in this category．要判斷一件事是否值得冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，你必須考慮各種后果：現(xiàn)在的將來(lái)的，積極的消極的，對(duì)己的對(duì)人的。那些冒了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)又后悔的人往往是只關(guān)注眼前利益（我有什么好處），卻沒有考慮會(huì)造成什么影響。行為被發(fā)現(xiàn)的后果非常嚴(yán)重：考試和作業(yè)得零分，這門課不及格，被學(xué)校停課或開除，被記過，名譽(yù)從此有污點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，一旦你違反了規(guī)則或法律，你就失去了對(duì)自己生活的控制權(quán)，同時(shí)給了別人懲罰你的權(quán)利，而你連對(duì)是何種懲罰也沒有掌控，這是極度危險(xiǎn)脆弱的處境。也許有些理由可以為這一冒險(xiǎn)辯護(hù)，什么事關(guān)生死、什么原則問題，但是沒有多少理由可以把你逼入這一境地。

Getting Away With It－－Or Not

僥幸逃脫了？不可能！

Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price． A cheater doesn't learn from the test，depriving him/herself of an education． Cheating undermines confidence and independence： the cheater is a fraud，and knows that without dishonesty，he/she would have failed． Cheating destroys self－esteem and integrity，leaving the cheater ashamed，guilty，and afraid of getting caught． Worst of all，a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again，not only because he/she is farther behind，but also because it seems “easier．” This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster． Eventually，the cheater gets caught，and the later he/she gets caught，the worse the consequences． Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message： Honesty is the ONLY policy that works．那些沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人付出的代價(jià)其實(shí)更大。作弊者沒有通過考試學(xué)到東西，他們剝奪了自己受教育的意義。作弊會(huì)瓦解人的自信心和獨(dú)立性：作弊者是個(gè)騙子，他/她知道如果不是通過不誠(chéng)實(shí)的手段，自己已經(jīng)失敗了。作弊摧毀了自尊和正直，讓作弊者陷入愧疚、罪惡感和害怕被發(fā)現(xiàn)的不安中。最糟糕的是，第一次作弊沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人往往還會(huì)進(jìn)行第二次，不僅因?yàn)樗?她在學(xué)習(xí)上更加落后了，也因?yàn)樽鞅卓瓷先ジ菀?。道德的侵蝕、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的擴(kuò)大只會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難，最終作弊者會(huì)被抓住，而且被抓得越晚，后果越糟。學(xué)生會(huì)被學(xué)校開除是因?yàn)椴欢@個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的道理：誠(chéng)實(shí)是唯一政策。

Cheating Hurts Others，Too

作弊也傷及他人

Cheaters often feel invisible，as if their actions “don't count” and don't really hurt anyone． But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect． Cheating can spread like a disease，and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room． Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat． If a class is graded on a curve，cheating hurts others' grades． Even if there is no curve，cheating “poisons” the classroom，and others may feel pressured to join in．（“If I don't cheat，I can't compete with those who do．”）Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers． The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn，but a cheater says，“I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach； all I care about is stealing a grade，regardless of the effect on others．” The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education． Finally，cheating can hurt the reputation of the University，and harm those who worked hard for their degree．

作弊者常認(rèn)為自己的行為是無(wú)形的，對(duì)別人沒有什么意義，不會(huì)傷及他人。但其實(shí)個(gè)人的行為可以日積月累、產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。作弊可以像疾病一樣傳播開來(lái)，其他人在教室另一邊看到了作弊者的行為，就可能受到鼓動(dòng)而去作弊。最近的數(shù)據(jù)顯示有30%或以上的大學(xué)生都有作弊行為。如果一門課是采取曲線評(píng)分的方式（比如分?jǐn)?shù)在前10%的同學(xué)得A，接下來(lái)的20%得B，剩余70%得C），那么作弊就會(huì)影響到其他同學(xué)的成績(jī)。即便不是曲線評(píng)分，作弊也會(huì)毒害班級(jí)，讓其他同學(xué)感到壓力而加入其中（那些同學(xué)會(huì)想“如果我不作弊，我就無(wú)法與那些作弊的人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)取得好成績(jī)”）。作弊對(duì)老師也有毀滅性的作用。老師用心教書的真正回報(bào)就是看到學(xué)生收獲知識(shí)，但是作弊者卻表示：“我對(duì)你教什么沒有興趣，我只想作弊得個(gè)好分?jǐn)?shù)，不管對(duì)別人有什么影響?！弊罱K的結(jié)果就是教育質(zhì)量收到摧毀而顯著下滑。到了最后，作弊甚至影響一所學(xué)院的聲譽(yù)，影響那些為自己學(xué)業(yè)努力奮斗的人。

Why Integrity Matters

為什么正直很重要

If cheating becomes the norm，then we are in big trouble． We must rely on the honesty and

good faith of others every day． If not，we couldn't put money in the bank，buy food，clothing，or medicine from others，drive across a bridge，get on a plane，go to the dentist－－the list is endless． There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have． The savings and loan scandal，the stock market and junk bond swindles，and，of course，Watergate，have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole． Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well－being． For example，but for the savings and loan debacle，there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education．

如果欺騙成為了規(guī)范，那我們就麻煩大了。我們必須每天依賴別人的誠(chéng)實(shí)和善意來(lái)生活，如果不是這樣，我們不敢將錢存入銀行，不敢從別人那里買食品、衣物或藥品，不敢開車過橋，不敢做飛機(jī)，不敢看牙醫(yī)……各種“不敢”數(shù)不勝數(shù)。生活中有很多實(shí)例，體現(xiàn)了個(gè)人忘記或無(wú)視自己不誠(chéng)實(shí)行為后果所造成的巨大傷害。存貸款丑聞、股票和垃圾債券詐騙、當(dāng)然還有水門事件，如此種種削弱了眾多美國(guó)公民對(duì)于政治領(lǐng)袖、經(jīng)濟(jì)高層的信任，乃至對(duì)于整個(gè)社會(huì)的信任。這些事件對(duì)美國(guó)的國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人福利都造成了巨大損害。比方說，倘若沒有存貸款丑聞，那國(guó)家就可能有資金緩解國(guó)債，滿足教育開支。

In sum，we all have a common stake in our school，our community，and our society． Our actions do matter． It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live．

總而言之，在學(xué)校、在社區(qū)、在社會(huì)，我們都有著共同的利害關(guān)系，我們的行為會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。為了構(gòu)建一個(gè)我們想要的世界，正直行事至關(guān)重要。

Part II Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）1． A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______． A）sticks to them in their daily life B）makes them known to others

C）understands their true values

D）sees that others also follow them

2． What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A）It helps to create team spirit

B）It facilitates communication

C）It is the basis of mutual trust

D）It inspires mutual respect

3． why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take？

A． To ensure we make responsible choices．

B． To avoid being overwhelmed by stress．

C． so that we don’t break any rules．

D． so that we don’t run into trouble．

4． Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?

A． it has caused no harm．

B． it is claimed to be unintentional．

C． it has gone unnoticed．

D． it is committed with good intentions．

5． What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

A． Avoid making excuses．

B． Listen to other people’s advice．

C． Make his intensions public． D． Have others watch over his shoulder． 6． Those who take risks they regret later on _______． A． will often become more cautious

B． are usually very aggressive

C． value immediate benefits most．

D． may lose everything in the end

7． According to the author，a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______．

A）pay more dearly

B）become more confident

C）be widely admired

D）feel somewhat lucky

8． Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education，all they care about is how to steal a grade

9． Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith．

10． Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of the Watergate scandal．

解析：

今年這次的四級(jí)內(nèi)容很有人文氣息，作文剛剛考了“堅(jiān)持才會(huì)有成功”，快速閱讀就來(lái)了“考試誠(chéng)信不作弊”。通篇來(lái)看，文章難度不太大，通讀小標(biāo)題以后，帶著題干的關(guān)鍵詞就能定位到原文。

1． 答案： A）sticks to them in their daily life

第一題的答案就在全文第一句。

關(guān)鍵詞：not only…． But also…．

關(guān)鍵句： The key to integrity is consistency－－not only setting high personal standards for oneself（honesty，responsibility，respect for others，fairness）but also living up to those standards each day．

這里的live up to 和 選項(xiàng)里的 stick to 屬于同義替換。

2． 答案：C）It is the basis of mutual trust

關(guān)鍵詞：personal and professional

定位句： Trust is essential in any important relationship，whether personal or professional． Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus，integrity must be one of our most important goals．

結(jié)合緊接著的問句，我們很容易鎖定trust這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

3． 關(guān)鍵詞：identify the risks

關(guān)鍵句：Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems． We must learn to recognize risks，because if we can't see the risks we're taking，we can't make responsible choices．

答案很明顯：make responsible choices

4． 關(guān)鍵詞：misconduct

關(guān)鍵句：But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct．和原文意義高度一致的，就是這個(gè)unintentional。

因此答案是：B． it is claimed to be unintentional．

5． 關(guān)鍵詞：fool oneself

關(guān)鍵句：To avoid fooling yourself，watch out for excuses and try this test 這里的watch out for 和 選項(xiàng)里的avoid屬于同義替換 答案：A 6． 關(guān)鍵詞：regret later

關(guān)鍵句：Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits（“what's in it for me”）

很明顯，選項(xiàng) value immediate benefits most 是正確答案。這里的value 和 focus on 屬于同義替換

7． 關(guān)鍵詞：get caught

關(guān)鍵句：Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price．

這里的higher price 和選項(xiàng)里的more dearly 屬于同義替換

答案：A

8． 關(guān)鍵詞：care about

關(guān)鍵句：I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach； all I care about is stealing a grade，regardless of the effect on others．"

9． 關(guān)鍵詞：rely on

關(guān)鍵句：We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day．

10． 關(guān)鍵詞：political and economic leaders

關(guān)鍵句：Watergate，have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole．

第8、9和10只要找到定位詞，然后就能找到相關(guān)信息。

第二篇：2013年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案

2013年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案：翻譯(茶和咖啡)

【翻譯原文】“你要茶還是咖啡?”是用餐人常被問到的問題，許多西方人會(huì)選咖啡，而中國(guó)人則會(huì)選茶，相傳，中國(guó)的一位帝王于五千年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，并用來(lái)治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期間，茶館遍布全國(guó)，飲茶在六世紀(jì)傳到日本，但直到18世紀(jì)才傳到歐美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的飲料(beverage)之一，茶是中國(guó)的瑰寶。也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)和文化的重要組成部分。

【參考譯文一】“Would you like tea or coffee?” Meals are frequently asked questions，many westerners will choose coffee，and the Chinese will choose tea，according to legend，a Chinese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago，and used to heal，in the Ming and qing dynasties，tea houses all over the country，tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States，but it was not until the 18th century today，tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world，tea is the treasure of China.Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.【參考譯文二】

“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked.Some westerners tend to choose coffee，while the Chinese usually choose tea.There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5，000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses.During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties，tea houses were widespread throughout China.Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.Tea is the treasure of China，and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.【參考譯文三】As for the dinning people，”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked.Coffee is usually the Westerns’ first choice，while tea is the preferment of Chinese.Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor，who lived in 5000 years ago.At that time，tea is used to heal sickness.During Ming-Qing dynasties，teahouses are across the country.Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century，yet it did not spread into Europe and Amer

ica until the 18th century.Nowadays，tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world.Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.【參考譯文四】

“Tea or coffee?”, diners are frequently asked this question.Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea.It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country.Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century.Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world.It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.2013年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案：翻譯(信息技術(shù))

【翻譯原文】

信息技術(shù)(Information Technology)，正在飛速的發(fā)展，中國(guó)公民也越來(lái)越重視信息技術(shù)，有些學(xué)校甚至將信息技術(shù)作為必修課程，對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象大家持不同觀點(diǎn)。一部分人認(rèn)為這是沒有必要的，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)的課程。另一部分人認(rèn)為這是應(yīng)該的，中國(guó)就應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。不管怎樣，信息技術(shù)引起廣大人民的重視是一件好事。

【參考譯文一】

Nowadays，Information Technology is developing rapidly，and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it.Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses.People hold different views on this phenomenon.Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools.Students should learn traditional curriculum.While other people think that it should be so，and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn people’s attention.【參考譯文二】

With full speed development of the information technology，Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it.Some schools even take the information technology as a required course.For this phenomenon，different people have different opinion.Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned.While some others hold the opposite view，they believe that China should keep pace with the times.No matter how，it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【參考譯文三】

“As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology，some college even set it as a compulsory course.Regarding to this phenomenon，people hold different views.Some people think it is not necessary，for students should learn the traditional curriculum.Another part of people think it is a need，because China should keep pace with the times.Anyway，it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

今年的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試題型改革后，翻譯題從之前的單句漢譯英“換裝”為段落漢譯英，這對(duì)于考生來(lái)說，無(wú)疑是一個(gè)更大的挑戰(zhàn)。很多考生一看到整段的漢譯英題目就頭疼，因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)于這個(gè)題目太陌生了。從單句到段落的翻譯，標(biāo)志著國(guó)家對(duì)于考生英語(yǔ)水平的要求已經(jīng)提高到了一個(gè)全新的層面。段落翻譯考查的是考生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。

但從真題的出題角度來(lái)看，這次考試還是對(duì)考生相當(dāng)?shù)萌蚀?，考題要比考試樣章中的題目來(lái)得簡(jiǎn)單得多。整篇翻譯題就像是一篇四級(jí)作文，屬于觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型的。主要是針對(duì)學(xué)校是否應(yīng)該將信息技術(shù)這門課作為學(xué)生的必修課。其中闡述了兩類人群的不同觀點(diǎn)，這像極了我們四級(jí)考試作文題。比作文題還要簡(jiǎn)單的是，段落翻譯已經(jīng)給出了考生寫作的思想，考生只需將其翻譯成英文即可。

從真題的出題內(nèi)容來(lái)看，這次的翻譯題也沒有考那些考生不熟悉的話題，而是對(duì)考生特別熟悉的信息技術(shù)進(jìn)行了考查。而且，整篇翻譯原文中并沒有特別長(zhǎng)的句子和特別難的表達(dá)。相信考生肯定可以從容應(yīng)對(duì)的。

2013年12月14日大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及答案：翻譯(中餐)

【翻譯原文】

很多人喜歡中餐，在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技術(shù)和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)(nutrition)。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物，肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。

【參考譯文】Many people like Chinese food.In China，cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art.The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking.The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China.However，good cooking has one thing in common，that is，to always concern colors，smell，tastes and nutrition.As food is vital for man’s health，good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables.Thus，Chinese food is delicious and healthy。

【考點(diǎn)】

被動(dòng)態(tài);

單復(fù)數(shù)混用;

邏輯連詞，例如并列以及轉(zhuǎn)折;

復(fù)合式形容結(jié)構(gòu)，比如：精心準(zhǔn)備的carefully-prepared。

2013年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及參考譯文：翻譯(中國(guó)結(jié))

【翻譯原文】

中國(guó)結(jié)最初是由手工藝人發(fā)明的，經(jīng)過數(shù)百年不斷的改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)成為一種優(yōu)雅多彩的藝術(shù)和工藝。在古代，人們用它來(lái)記錄事件，但現(xiàn)在主要是用于裝飾的目的?！敖Y(jié)”在中文

里意味這愛情丶婚姻和團(tuán)聚，中國(guó)結(jié)常常作為禮物交換或作用飾品祈求好運(yùn)和辟邪。這種形式的手工藝代代相傳，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在中國(guó)和世界各地越來(lái)越受歡迎。

【參考譯文】

"The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts.In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes.The knot means love，marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation，it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。

第三篇：2009年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題答案

2009年大學(xué)俄語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題答案

ЧАСТЬ Ⅱ 21.А.22.Б.23.Б.24.В.25.Б.26.Б.27.Б.28.В.29.А.30.Б.31.Б.32.А.33.Б.34.В.35.А.36.Б.37.А.38.Б.39.В.40.Б.ЧАСТЬ Ⅲ

41.現(xiàn)在40%的美國(guó)人是從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上了解大部分國(guó)內(nèi)外新聞的。答案：A

узнать кого-что表示①認(rèn)出，指認(rèn)出原來(lái)曾經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)、熟悉的人或物，或指根據(jù)某些共同特點(diǎn)，判斷出人、物屬于哪類；②主動(dòng)詢問、打聽、力求獲知的行為③認(rèn)清、了解、體驗(yàn)到。指對(duì)人、人的特點(diǎn)、事物等獲得本質(zhì)的、真實(shí)的、深入的認(rèn)識(shí)；或?qū)Σ皇煜さ娜嘶蛭镉兴私?；指親身經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)到貧困、痛苦、歡樂等。

познать кого-что意為“認(rèn)識(shí)”，指人的頭腦等對(duì)客觀世界、規(guī)律本質(zhì)的反映。該詞還有“認(rèn)清、了解、看出”的意思，指對(duì)人或?qū)κ轮赖那迩宄瑤в袝嬲Z(yǔ)的色彩。

признать кого-что是“承認(rèn)”的意思。

42.根據(jù)阿什哈巴德的報(bào)道，土庫(kù)曼斯坦要實(shí)行對(duì)外開放和廣泛的國(guó)際合作政策。答案：В

переводить, приводить, проводить這是一組近形詞，其中：

переводить-перевести кого-что表示 ①領(lǐng)，帶領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)某人到某地方②遷到，安置到，調(diào)到，撥到③調(diào)任，調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)④翻譯⑤匯寄等意義。приводить-привести кого-что表示①引領(lǐng)，帶領(lǐng)②[只用于第三人稱]通往，開到③[只用于第三人稱]使得出，做出（結(jié)論，決定等）

④使處于某種狀態(tài)，使陷入某種心境，使??發(fā)生作用

проводить-провести кого-что表示①引領(lǐng)，領(lǐng)??通過②敷設(shè)，修筑③實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)行，實(shí)施，使?通過④進(jìn)行，舉行⑤度過，住，待（若干時(shí)間）

43.大學(xué)生們沒有忘記提醒老師應(yīng)該在明天舉行的會(huì)議。答案：Б

запомнить表示“記住，記牢”的意思；напомнить表示“提醒，使??想起，使??記起”的意思；вспомнить表示“記起，想起，回憶起”。

44.每一位住在俄羅斯的公民和擁有俄羅斯護(hù)照的公民都應(yīng)該知道國(guó)家的國(guó)歌。

此題考察形動(dòng)詞和副動(dòng)詞的用法和意義，題目中很明顯需要一個(gè)修飾паспорт的形容詞，又由于這是個(gè)主動(dòng)行為所以只能選Б.45.在這項(xiàng)工作中奠定了地質(zhì)物理學(xué)研究新方式的理論基礎(chǔ)。答案：A

заложить кого-что表示把??放在??，把??放在??的后面；放滿，堆滿，堵住；打下、奠定??的基礎(chǔ)；存儲(chǔ)等意義。

вложить кого-что во что表示“把??放入，裝入??的里面；投資，投入”的意義。

положить(клать)кого-что表示①平放，放置，安置，放入，存入②盛放

46.這個(gè)論題太重要，應(yīng)該將其從中學(xué)大綱中刪除。答案：Б

這里考察的是形容詞長(zhǎng)短尾的意義的區(qū)別：長(zhǎng)尾表示長(zhǎng)期的，相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的特征；短尾則表示暫時(shí)的特征。

47.中華人民共和國(guó)主席胡錦濤和俄聯(lián)邦總統(tǒng)普京共同宣布2007年為俄羅斯中國(guó)年。答案：В宣布??為??：要用結(jié)構(gòu)объявить кого-что кем-чем

48.列寧格勒以其在衛(wèi)國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英勇表現(xiàn)而獲得了英雄城市的稱號(hào)。答案：Б。動(dòng)詞достичь+кого-чего.49.俄聯(lián)邦和美國(guó)在2009年就肉類貿(mào)易上簽署了新的協(xié)議。表示“關(guān)于??，在??方面”時(shí)要借助于前置詞по

51.中國(guó)在北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得了金牌總數(shù)第一名。答案：Б.52.橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)方案在開工前一個(gè)月被提案通過。答案：Б。記住結(jié)構(gòu)：за сколько времени до кого-чего

53.2008年美國(guó)作為國(guó)際信息的主要源泉的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)登上了榜首位置。答案：Б

54.盡管在農(nóng)業(yè)方面我國(guó)取得了很大的成就，但在很多方面仍需完善。答案：В

55.要是人們都能很好地了解我國(guó)的憲法的話，有很多的問題就可以避免。答案：В

56.我完全贊同這個(gè)申請(qǐng)中的所有內(nèi)容，沒有什么可以補(bǔ)充的。答案：Б.57.這個(gè)資料你既可以通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲得，也可以在老師的幫助下獲得。答案：В.58.在美國(guó)的一個(gè)州內(nèi)由于石油價(jià)格的下降從而使得石油的儲(chǔ)存量在某地方增多。答案：В

59.有人給被普京在2008年12月4日邀請(qǐng)到樅樹晚會(huì)上的那個(gè)女孩買了飛機(jī)票。答案：А.60.在那個(gè)傳出歌聲的那個(gè)學(xué)校的大禮堂里正在舉行俄羅斯文化晚會(huì)。答案：В

61.Б 62.А 63.В 64.А 65.В.66.А.67.Б 68.В 69.Б.70.Б.ЧАСТЬ ⅣПЕРЕВОД(10 баллов, 15 минут)

71.但是無(wú)論我們每個(gè)人多么自詡自己是這方面的專家，而關(guān)于愛情的定義卻像世人一樣是千變?nèi)f化、多種多樣的。

72.很多人認(rèn)為如果家庭成員能履行自己的家庭責(zé)任的話，即使沒有愛現(xiàn)代家庭也是很完美的。

73.實(shí)際上愛是人所體會(huì)到并傳遞給別人的一種快樂。

74.母親和孩子的情感聯(lián)系表現(xiàn)在母親愛自己的孩子。這種情感是平等的，是培養(yǎng)愛的能力大的基本訓(xùn)練

75.愛的能力，這不是天生的，而是家庭對(duì)孩子培養(yǎng)的結(jié)果。

第四篇：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案

1991年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題及答案

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ______ one this month.(A)another(C)the other

(B)more(D)other

42.It was difficult to guess what her _____ to the news would be.(A)impression(C)comment

(B)reaction(D)opinion

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _____.(A)finish what I did(C)would finish what I was doing

(B)finished what I did(D)finished what I was doing

44.There were some ______ flowers on the table.(A)benefits(C)false

(B)unnatural(D)unreal

45.We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.(A)benefits(C)guides

(B)affects(D)effects

46.Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

(A)in relation to(C)in excess of

(B)in contrast to(D)in favor of

47.Children are very curious ______.(A)at heart(C)on purpose

(B)in person(D)by nature

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _____ a match without a standard court.(A)objected to having(C)objected to have

(B)were objected to have(D)were objected to having

49.The teacher doesn't permit _____ in class.(A)smoke(C)smoking

(B)to smoke(D)to have a smoke

50.I like watching TV _____ to the cinema.(A)more than to go(C)more than going

(B)than going(D)rather than to go

51.I appreciate ______ to your home.(A)to be invited(C)having invited

(B)to have invited(D)being invited

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _____ when judging my examination.(A)regard(C)account

(B)counting(D)observation

53.You _____ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(A)needn't have done(C)shouldn't have done

(B)must not have done(D)can not have done

54.Important people don't often have much free time as their work _____ all their time.(A)takes away(C)takes up

(B)takes over(D)takes in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ____ it.(A)got off(C)got away

(B)got across(D)got over

56.Many people complain of the rapid ____ of modern life.(A)rate(C)pace

(B)speed(D)growth

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _____.(A)is rarely(C)hardly is

(B)rarely is(D)is scarcely

58.The speaker, _____ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.(A)having known(C)knowing

(B)being known(D)known

59.American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.(A)ignored(C)refused

(B)neglected(D)denied

60.I couldn't find _____, and so I took this one.(A)a large enough coat(C)a large coat enough

(B)an enough large coat(D)a coat enough large

61.I always _____ what I have said.(A)get to(C)lead to

(B)hold to(D)see to

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _____ we all sat down to rest.(A)when(C)than

(B)then(D)until

63.Evidence came up _____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.(A)what(C)that

(B)which(D)whose

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them ______ enjoy the exciting life in New York.(A)too much to(C)very much to

(B)enough to(D)much so as to

65.He was _____ of having asked such a silly question.(A)sorry(C)ashamed

(B)guilty(D)miserable

66.The last time we had a family reunion was ______ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.(A)in(C)during

(B)at(D)over

67.What _____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

(A)do you suppose(C)will you suppose

(B)you suppose(D)you would suppose

68._____ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.(A)As for(C)Except

(B)Besides(D)Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _____ a strong influence on the character of the children.(A)have(C)having

(B)has(D)to have

70.He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.(A)was almost hurt(C)was to hurt himself

(B)was hurt himself(D)was hurting himself

41.A 42.B 43.D 44.A 45.B 46.D 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.C

51.D 52.C 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.D 59.D 60.A

61.B 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.B 70.A

第五篇：2008年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力真題及答案

2008年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽力真題及答案

Part III Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

11.A)Only true friendship can last long.B)Letter writing is going out of style.C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.12.A)A painter.C)A porter.B)A mechanic.D)A carpenter.13.A)Look for a place near her office.C)Make inquiries elsewhere.B)Find a new job down the street.D)Rent the $600 apartment.14.A)He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B)He has been extremely busy recently.C)He has gained some weight lately.D)He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.B)Women have a better artistic taste than men.C)He isn’t good at abstract thinking.D)He doesn’t like abstract paintings.16.A)She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.B)she may have put her notebook amid the journals.C)she should have made careful notes while doing reading.D)she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.17.A)she wants to get some sleep

C)she has a literature class to attend

B)she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem 18.A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.B)He can renew contact with his old friends.C)He can concentrate on his own projects.D)He can learn to do administrative work.20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.B)Calling its personnel department.C)Contacting its manager.D)Searching its website.21.A)To cut down its production expenses.B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.C)To improve its administrative efficiency.D)To utilize its retired employees’resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)Buy a tractor.B)Fix a house.C)See a piece of property.D)Sing a business contract.23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25 A)Finances

B)Equipment

C)Labor

D)Profits

Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One 26 A)To introduce the chief of the city’s police force

B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest

C)To address the issue of community security

D)To explain the functions of the city council 27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management

B)He is head of the International Police Force

C)He completed his higher education abroad

D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology 28 A)To coordinate work among police departments

B)To get police officers closer to the local people

C)To help the residents in times of emergency

D)To enable the police to take prompt action 29 A)Popular

B)discouraging

C)effective

D)controversial

Passage Two 30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate

B)there are numerous languages in existence

C)Most public languages are inherently vague

D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages 31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence

B)in improves with constant practice

C)it is something we are born with

D)it varies from person to person 32 A)how private languages are developed

B)how different languages are related

C)how people create their languages

D)how children learn to use language

Passage Three 33 A)she was a tailor

B)she was an engineer

C)she was an educator

D)she was a public speaker 34.A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B)Including interesting examples in them

C)Adjusting them to different audiences

D)Focusing on the latest progress in space science 35.A)Whether spacemen carry weapons

B)How spacesuits protect spacemen

C)How NASA trains its spacemen

D)What spacemen cat and drink Section C Directions : In this section.you will hear a passage three time.When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

Crime is increasing world wide.There is every reason to believe the(36)____will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____.Street crimes such as robbery, rape(40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime(42)____?There are no simple answers.Still，there are certain conditions(43)_______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity(混雜)of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44)___________________________________________________________________________________ These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同種類的),such as Japan, Denmark and Greece(45)________________________________________________________________________ Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values.Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and(46)_______________________________________________

參考答案

11.D.She has lost contact with most of her friends 12.A.A painter 13.C.Make inquiries elsewhere 14.C.He has gained some weight lately 15.D.he doesn’t like abstract paintings

16.B.she may have put her notebook amid the journals 17.A.she wants to get some sleep 18.B.his chance of getting the job is slim 19.A 20.A 21.D 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.A)To introduce the chief of the city' police force.27.D)He holds a master's degree in criminology.28.B)To get police officers closer to the local people.29.C)Effective.30.B)There are numerous languages in existence.31.C)It is something we are born with.32.D)How children learn to use language.33.B)She was an engineer.34.C)Adjusting them to different audiences.35.A)Whether spacemen carry weapons.36 trend 37 phenomenon 38 scene 39 offences 40 murder 41 particularly 42 explosion 43 associated 44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.Script Section A

Short Conversations

11．M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates.I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages.W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally, Q: What does the woman mean?

12.M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.Q: Who is the woman talking to?

13.W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

14.W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like?

M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist.I guess I haven’t spent much time exercising lately.Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?

15.W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday.What do you think? M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet.Q: What does the man imply?

16.W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from the library the other day?

Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?

17.M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?

W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted.I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?

18.W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?

M: Not too bad, I guess.There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job.And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話1

F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired? M: Well, not so bad.F: How have you been spending your time?

M: I have been spending more time with my family.I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.F: Great.M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely.F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?

M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement;I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.F: How does the scheme work?

M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment.Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.F: What sort of works advertised?

M: Well, all sorts of things, really.Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do.Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days.I can decide more or less when to work.So I can manage my own time.F: I can see it’s good for you.What is your company get out of this?

M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done.The company gets flexibility, too.Once the job’s over, that’s it.I’m not on their books any more.Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?

20.How does Simon get to know about the company’s available posts?

21.Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話2

W: Oh, where are we going?

M: I want to show you something.W: I know, but what is it?

M: A farm.It’s just down this road.It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own.W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm? M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres.We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now.W: Is there a house on the place?

M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little.I can do the job myself.W: OK.Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?

M: There is about half an acre around the house.That’s plenty of space.W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables.And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?

M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food.W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?

M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn.I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work.M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?

W: Yes, we are, but the money.Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.M: I think we’ve saved enough.We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q 22: What are the speakers going to do at the time of the conversation?

Q 23: What does the man say about the farm?

Q 24: Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?

Q 25: What is the woman’s greatest concern about the man’s plan?

Section B Passage One

Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr.Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force.He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program.Most of you know that Mr.Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years.However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world.Mr.Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago.The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.These officers do more than make arrests.They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place.Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers.And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.Today Mr.Washington is going to tell us more about this program.Now let’s welcome Mr.Robert Washington.26.What is the purpose of the speaker’s remarks?

He will address us on the subject of community policing program.27.What does the speaker say about Mr.Robert Washington?

Most of you know that Mr.Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years.However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world.Mr.Washington first introduced the community policing program 8 years ago.28.What is the idea behind the Community Policing Program?

The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city.29.How has the Community Policing Program turned out to be?

And the program seems to be working, crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure.Passage Two

There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one.Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.However, we do communicate successfully from time to time.And we do learn to speak languages.But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association.For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative.Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language.Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world.This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language.But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 30.Why does the speaker say there are great possibilities for communication breakdowns?

There are numerous public and private languages.Question 31.What is Chomsky’s point on the ability to learn a language?

Human infants are born with the ability to learn language and the potential to learn any language in the world.Question 32.What does Chomsky’s theory fail to explain according to the speaker?

It does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.Passage Three

When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech.Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year.Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience.Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know.On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend.To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about.“How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?” Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.“Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is “No”.To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space.Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.33.What did Joan Higginbotham do before joining in NASA?

34.How does Higginbotham prepare her speech on space walks?

35.What does the high school audience want to know about space travel?

Section C Compound Dictation:

Crime is increasing worldwide.There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States.But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences.Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom.What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers.Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime.Increasing heterogeneity of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.These conditions are increasingly observable around the world.For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogenous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values.Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.