第一篇：2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺精選語(yǔ)法資料邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連載(四)

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2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺精選語(yǔ)法資料邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連載

（四）邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)連載四：三劍合璧論

（基本句型、句子主干、動(dòng)詞用法）

諸君，邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)走的是兩線結(jié)構(gòu)，即語(yǔ)言的兩條線索。一是語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，也就是詞匯語(yǔ)法，另一條線是語(yǔ)言技能，也就是聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)譯，此處當(dāng)然主要是讀和寫(xiě)。前者，是從動(dòng)詞發(fā)源，講到了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之別，而與之并行的語(yǔ)言技能，也就是分開(kāi)謂與非謂，在于閱讀中主干的把握。對(duì)此若有疑問(wèn)，請(qǐng)參看前面三回。

今日我們前行一步，在通過(guò)“視力”擒住謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，將英語(yǔ)句子，尤其是長(zhǎng)句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)一網(wǎng)打盡。蓋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，似非主干之全部。然而其實(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一得，主干也庶幾跑不掉了。何出此言，且聽(tīng)分解。其要旨，在于一個(gè)“三劍合璧”。

這個(gè)三劍，就是“基本句型”、“句子主干”以及“動(dòng)詞用法”。

拋磚引玉

長(zhǎng)句的解析要點(diǎn)究竟是什么？我們都知道不全是單詞。我們都覺(jué)得是句法，但究竟是怎樣的句法。似乎從來(lái)沒(méi)有都是那么虛無(wú)縹渺。先來(lái)看一個(gè)句子的理解過(guò)程。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)：理解的關(guān)鍵又不在詞，然而又在于詞。問(wèn)題在于你對(duì)詞把握的是什么。

例（1）It makes the idea of forcing waters to do our bidding so fascinating.這個(gè)句子要理解清楚，關(guān)鍵不在于看來(lái)似乎很“酷”的生詞如bidding。而是兩個(gè)詞的把握。一個(gè)是make, 另一個(gè)是force.有正確意識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的看到make, 知道它有兩種用法。一種是如make a story這樣的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示的意思是“制造，編造”，另外一種是如make it possible或make English serve us這樣的動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中意思為“使什么怎么樣或干什么”，而這個(gè)地方是一個(gè)動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。那么是使得“這個(gè)想法”如何呢？也就是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)呢？這個(gè)時(shí)候，to do our bidding可能出來(lái)?yè)v亂，似乎是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的樣子，因?yàn)榘さ媒?但我們知道補(bǔ)語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是fascinating.問(wèn)題在于：究竟憑什么斷言補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是此而非彼？

有兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：

一是make的用法。它用作動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)的時(shí)候，如果是動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，必然是make sb do, 而絕不會(huì)是make sb to do.故to do our bidding不可能是它的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

二是force的用法。它做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，也常用作動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，而其形式必然是force sb to do, 也就是其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)必為帶to的不定式。

這個(gè)句子的解決，最終在于兩個(gè)弱智詞make和force。然而顯然這兩個(gè)詞光是知道意思是不夠，關(guān)鍵在于其用法。但用法這個(gè)東西從來(lái)又不太實(shí)際。什么是用法？我們也可以想出另外一個(gè)概念，就是我們抓了主干；還有，抓出來(lái)的似乎是基本句型。這就對(duì)了，這三個(gè)東西，其實(shí)就是一回事。

三劍合璧

語(yǔ)法書(shū)講句法，通常從“基本句型”開(kāi)始講起?；揪湫途烤顾脼楹?？也是欲說(shuō)還休。閱讀書(shū)講長(zhǎng)句，通常會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)“抓主干”。句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)與之有何關(guān)系？還是未有明示。詞匯書(shū)講動(dòng)詞，通常不會(huì)忘記“詞的用法”。詞的用法究竟所指為何？似乎又不甚了然。對(duì)動(dòng)詞究竟應(yīng)該記些什么，因而也成了水月鏡花。

我們來(lái)觀察一下這三個(gè)東西：

（1）基本句型

*主系表

例（1）English is a tool for communication.英語(yǔ)是交流之工具。

例（2）English proves an easy language.英語(yǔ)并不難。

*主系表里頗有一點(diǎn)讓人費(fèi)心的問(wèn)題，順便解釋一下。

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所謂主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵在于主表之間的相通性。

句（1）中表語(yǔ)是名詞，表語(yǔ)就是對(duì)主語(yǔ)之界定。

句（2）中的prove，不是be動(dòng)詞，但也屬于系動(dòng)詞。問(wèn)題在于這個(gè)詞也可作行為動(dòng)詞如

(3)We can prove the truth of the statement.我們可以證明這個(gè)說(shuō)法的正確性。同樣一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，究竟算主系表還是主謂賓，可通過(guò)其前后成分的關(guān)系來(lái)區(qū)別。

（2）中，an easy language是對(duì)English的定義，兩者是等同的；（3）中we和the truth of the statement顯然不是同類(lèi)事物。故前者為主系表關(guān)系，后者只能是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。主謂

(4)I walked on the street.(5)I lived in the city.主謂賓

(5)I learned English all myself.(6)I found something differet.主謂雙賓

(7)I am teaching you something, I hope.(8)I gave him a book.主謂賓補(bǔ)

(9)I found it challenging to say what I want.(10)I made it possible through hard work.（2）動(dòng)詞（用法）類(lèi)型

系動(dòng)詞: be, prove

不及物動(dòng)詞: live, walk

單賓動(dòng)詞: learn, find

雙賓動(dòng)詞: teach, give

復(fù)賓動(dòng)詞: find, make

（3）句子主干

主系表、主謂、主謂賓、主謂雙賓、主謂賓補(bǔ)

可以看出

（1）動(dòng)詞的用法決定基本句型。

（2）基本句型就是句子主干的類(lèi)型。

故有

（3）動(dòng)詞用法決定著句子主干。

也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)句子，只要?jiǎng)釉~確定了，句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)就確定了。

所以所謂的抓主干，關(guān)鍵在于抓動(dòng)詞。抓住了動(dòng)詞，整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)就昭然若揭。當(dāng)然，一個(gè)前提條件就是要懂得動(dòng)詞的用法。

（4）把握動(dòng)詞，關(guān)鍵是把握用法。

其利斷金

三劍合璧，威力無(wú)比。英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句之比較費(fèi)解的一部分，才真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了迎刃而解。先看1994年的考研閱讀理解中這道題目。

55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to__.A.withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes

B.obtain more convenient services than other people do

C.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper

D.cash money wherever he wishes to

我們觀察一下它的D選項(xiàng)，第一個(gè)詞cash在這個(gè)地方變成了動(dòng)詞。但是憑什么判斷它已經(jīng)變成了動(dòng)詞呢？我們?nèi)绻搭}干，就知道是確定無(wú)疑的。題干中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enable, 其用法決定著結(jié)構(gòu)是enable sb to do, 其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)必定是不定式，故cash為動(dòng)詞原形。這樣才能準(zhǔn)確地將cash money理解為“將錢(qián)變成現(xiàn)金”，而不是整個(gè)理解為“現(xiàn)錢(qián)”。

我們?cè)倏匆恍┓浅！昂?jiǎn)單”的詞所可能伴隨的障礙，體會(huì)一下把握其用法并由此預(yù)測(cè)句型即主干結(jié)構(gòu)后那種拔云見(jiàn)日的感覺(jué)。

GIVE

“The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “l(fā)ies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be.邪說(shuō)：看whether開(kāi)頭的從句。必須對(duì)give心中有數(shù)，才會(huì)游刃有余。Give sb/sth sth, 意為“給誰(shuí)/什么以什么東西”，后面兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)代進(jìn)去，此句可成。給誰(shuí)呢？freedom of though and expression, 給什么呢？the widest possible latitude.參考譯文 對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的檢驗(yàn)不是看它如何嚴(yán)格地控制輿論，而是看它能否盡可能給予人們思考和表達(dá)自由以最大的空間，不管其結(jié)果有時(shí)候引起多么大的爭(zhēng)議和憤怒。The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.邪說(shuō)：此句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是the currents of air are enough to give the great bird with immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.而理解的關(guān)鍵又是give開(kāi)始的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果不堅(jiān)守雙賓的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能誤認(rèn)為是give the great bird with its immense wings, 即“給巨鳥(niǎo)以巨翼”。但英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞用法是模式化的，不會(huì)隨便更改，所以必然后面是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立名詞，構(gòu)成give sb/sth sth, 意思為給誰(shuí)什么。后面的sufficient sustenance and progress才是它的直接賓語(yǔ)。而with immense wings只是the great bird的定語(yǔ)。在結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的情況下，即使sustenance和progress有識(shí)別或詞義變化的困難，我們從整個(gè)語(yǔ)境來(lái)看“氣流給了大鳥(niǎo)以什么”，這個(gè)“什么”從常識(shí)來(lái)看也是不言自明的。

參考譯文沿船體上升的氣流和沿航線向前的氣流給這種巨翼大鳥(niǎo)以足夠的浮力和推力。

并非蛇足

補(bǔ)充一 動(dòng)賓介

以上所概括的基本句型是大多數(shù)語(yǔ)法書(shū)通行的做法。但有些人還會(huì)加入另外兩種基本句型。一種是主謂狀；

一種是主謂賓狀。

我們先不從理論上來(lái)爭(zhēng)論這個(gè)問(wèn)題，單純從實(shí)踐上看，將后者加入基本句型是非常有益的。

動(dòng)+賓+狀語(yǔ)。

此處的狀語(yǔ)往往是介詞短語(yǔ)。如，accuse sb of sth，主要是因?yàn)楹竺孢@個(gè)of與動(dòng)詞是固定搭配，可以說(shuō)是動(dòng)詞的一種用法，也就可列入基本句型，當(dāng)然就是主干的一種。把握了這樣一種動(dòng)詞的用法，會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)巨大的便利。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。

（The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia）that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir, who dedicated almost their lifetime to the research project, of fabricating their data

邪說(shuō)：這是一個(gè)超酷的句子。有一些相關(guān)的但并非今天主題的可簡(jiǎn)略一說(shuō)。

主句的結(jié)構(gòu)是so?that的特殊句式，按下不表。單看that后面的那一句。

其主語(yǔ)是some scholars毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。理解的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)accused的把握。如果只知其義：指控，讀到of的時(shí)候，可能思路就斷掉了。

反之，如果看到accuse就能知其用法為accuse?of?, 而且用法即確定了句型，則必先找到of才罷休，并將其連為一體，理解成“指控??做了什么”。

故此部分核心意思為：（以至于）一些學(xué)者甚至指稱博亞斯和薩丕爾偽造了他們的數(shù)據(jù)。而從who開(kāi)始的定語(yǔ)從句的理解也是如此。Dedicate屬于動(dòng)賓介的內(nèi)容，此詞定，則句子結(jié)構(gòu)定，句義已經(jīng)大致定，即“將什么奉獻(xiàn)給什么或投入到什么里面去”，找到to, 將“什么替換進(jìn)去，就得到“將幾乎畢生精力投入到了此項(xiàng)研究項(xiàng)目中”。

For example, you devote your saves or your clothes to the people who are stricken with the disaster, the hungry and so on.邪說(shuō)：由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞devote用法可知，此句主干結(jié)構(gòu)為devote sth to sth/sb, 意思是“誰(shuí)將什么奉獻(xiàn)給什么/什么人”，將相關(guān)的詞填進(jìn)去，就得到了：你將你的積蓄或衣物奉獻(xiàn)給那些受災(zāi)的，吃不飽的。

參考譯文：比如說(shuō)，你將你的積蓄或衣物獻(xiàn)給那些受災(zāi)的人，吃不飽的人等等。

Each year it devours 200 billion dollars and deprives 3 million people of their lives.邪說(shuō)：此句為并列句，前一句動(dòng)詞devour為單賓動(dòng)詞，后一句關(guān)鍵在于deprive, 它是一個(gè)動(dòng)賓介，即deprive，即句型必定為deprive?of?, 且意為“剝奪誰(shuí)的什么”或“使誰(shuí)失去什么”。如果字對(duì)字去理解，就會(huì)迷失方向。

參考譯文每年它吞掉2000億，并使三百多萬(wàn)人失去生命。

補(bǔ)充二 結(jié)構(gòu)變意義變

有些動(dòng)詞有兩種以上的用法，因?yàn)榭蓸?gòu)成兩種以上的句型。而且其意義也隨之發(fā)生變化，因此其用法變化必須全面。

Contribute to/contribute?to?

Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)可能有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步。

I contributed two stories to the summer issue.我投了兩篇故事給夏季版

邪說(shuō)：contribute為不及物時(shí)，contribute to意思是“促進(jìn)/有助于”，而當(dāng)其用作及物，即contribute?to?這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思就成了“奉獻(xiàn)??給??”，當(dāng)然此對(duì)于稿件就是投稿。

Enable sth/enable sb/sth to do

Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.邪說(shuō)：enable要么用作enable sb to do sth, 意為“使??能夠做什么”，要么用作enable sth, 意思是“使??成為可能”。

參考譯文伴隨著信息量大量增加而來(lái)的是各種技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這種發(fā)展使得更快地儲(chǔ)存更多的信息，向更多的地方傳遞更多的信息成為可能，這在以往是不可能的。

此詞的兩種用法曾經(jīng)糾纏在一個(gè)句子里頭，讓不少人為之折腰。

Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages.邪說(shuō)：就是一個(gè)enable, 前面跟the sending of messages via television, radio就完了，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后面跟了并列賓語(yǔ)electronic mail之后，還有to do, 故其解釋是兩樣的。前面是“使??成為可能”，后面是“使??能夠??”。

參考譯文曜技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得通過(guò)電視、無(wú)線電發(fā)送信息成為可能，而且還會(huì)使得電子郵件能夠?yàn)槿藗兲峁┐罅康男畔ⅰ?/p>

萬(wàn)法歸宗

因?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞用法=基本句型=句子主干

所以：把握了動(dòng)詞用法，就可由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞確定句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)；

所以：學(xué)動(dòng)詞，必知其用法。看屬于以下哪個(gè)類(lèi)別。

系動(dòng)詞，不及物，單賓，雙賓，動(dòng)賓補(bǔ)，動(dòng)賓介。

有些動(dòng)詞具有一種以上的用法，需要特別關(guān)注。

如此，動(dòng)詞定，句子大體定。

第二篇：2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺精選語(yǔ)法資料邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連載(七)

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺精選語(yǔ)法資料邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連載

（七）邪說(shuō)英語(yǔ)連載五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

（三）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

（三）——過(guò)去分詞 I.概述：表被動(dòng)、無(wú)名詞性

上回已解剖現(xiàn)在分詞，其要旨在于表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，而既有主動(dòng)，自有被動(dòng)。與之相對(duì)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，就由過(guò)去分詞來(lái)表達(dá)。兩者的基本區(qū)別略述如下。

-ed分詞與-ing分詞同屬非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的家庭。它們這種親緣關(guān)系表現(xiàn)在： 1）它們都不能獨(dú)立地充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)；

2）它們都可在句子其它位置充當(dāng)多種成分，如定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)； 3）它們的成員中都有變節(jié)為形容詞、介詞、從屬連詞者。

但它們既然為不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)然有著各自的特點(diǎn)。其基本區(qū)別在于： 1）-ed分詞主要表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而-ing分詞表主動(dòng)；

2）-ed分詞無(wú)名詞性，故不能涉足主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)這些位置，而-ing分詞則可以； 3）-ed分詞形式單一，只有一種形式，-ing分詞則有幾種變體。II．無(wú)名詞性：永不做主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 1．作主語(yǔ)，不合格

要點(diǎn)一：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不講時(shí)態(tài)，只講語(yǔ)態(tài)。(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示不出“時(shí)”，只表示主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)。Fail與he是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用-ing分詞。)例：

Nixon lied.It finally led to his resignation.*(His)Lied finally led to Nixon’s resignation.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不作謂語(yǔ)也就是用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就不再管時(shí)態(tài)——時(shí)態(tài)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的事；要判斷的是主被動(dòng)的問(wèn)題。Lie與 Nixon是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用-ing分詞。

Lying finally led to Nixon’s resignation.或 Nixon’s lying finally led to his resignation.考點(diǎn)

要點(diǎn)二：在主語(yǔ)位置，用-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

I am forced to struggle desperately with English.That is a tragedy.*Forced to struggle with English is a tragedy.“-ing分詞表主動(dòng)，-ed分詞表被動(dòng)”有一個(gè)前提：-ed分詞無(wú)名詞性，不能作主賓語(yǔ)，所以有一個(gè)“凡是”：凡是相當(dāng)于名詞的時(shí)候，都由-ing分詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。如果被動(dòng)，則用-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式)Being forced to struggle desperately with English is a tragedy.(或My being forced to struggle desperately with English is a tragedy.)I still remember being taken to Beijing for the first time.He narrowly escaped being run over.他差一點(diǎn)就被車(chē)軋著了。

Mark often attempts to escape _____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(9506 CET-4)a.having been fined b.to be fined c.to have been fined d.being fined 2．作賓語(yǔ)，不合格

Grammar was misunderstood.She felt disappointed at that.*Grammar felt disappointed at misunderstood.*Grammar felt disappointed at misunderstanding.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn Grammar felt disappointed at being misunderstood.English was taken seriously.She resented that.English resented being taken seriously.考點(diǎn)

如前已述，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是按時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)進(jìn)行選擇。但有時(shí)-ing分詞也可表示出一定的時(shí)間概念，如發(fā)生在前。但表示法不是用過(guò)去“時(shí)”，而是用完成“體”。注意：-ing分詞的完成體此時(shí)主要用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作“是否發(fā)生過(guò)”這一方面。He denied having taken it.他否認(rèn)拿了它。

She regrets/repents having said it.她后悔說(shuō)了這話。She admitted having read the letter.她承認(rèn)看過(guò)這封信。

I could not recall having heard anyone say that before.我不記得以前聽(tīng)過(guò)誰(shuí)說(shuō)這樣的話。

The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.(9706 CET-4)a.have told b.be told c.being told d.having told(注意此題中，confess to具有一定的迷惑性，其實(shí)它如look forward to一樣，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，“to”非不定式符號(hào)。)再?gòu)?fù)雜一點(diǎn)，把完成體再跟被動(dòng)攪和在一起，形成-ing分詞的完成被動(dòng)式，表示發(fā)生在前面的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表面看似龐然大物的東西，自然也受出題者青睞。

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.He pride himself on having never been beaten in chess.他為自己下棋從未被擊敗而自豪。

Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _____ in a short period of time.a.being treated b.to have been created c.having been created d.to be created III．表示被動(dòng)：與某個(gè)主體形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系

過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。跟現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，也得找到相應(yīng)的主體，即跟誰(shuí)形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)其所做的成分不同，主體也有相應(yīng)變化。

1．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：與被修飾的名詞形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.（動(dòng)詞organize與被修飾的名詞trip形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即trip is organized, 也可以說(shuō)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系即organize a trip, 故用過(guò)去分詞）。上周一我們班開(kāi)展了一次有組織的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.（elect those, or those are elected）當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。

注意當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，就放在名詞的后面。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。2．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：自然與主語(yǔ)形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The window is broken.窗戶破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意：be + 過(guò)去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。區(qū)別： The window is broken.（系表）

The window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)）3．過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：與賓語(yǔ)形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系

I heard the song sung several times last week.（song is sung, or sing the song）上周我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被唱了好幾次。

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http://004km.cn 有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞做with短語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。4．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：與句子主語(yǔ)形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.（he is praised, or praise him）

受到鄰居們的表?yè)P(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(it is seen, or see it)一旦它被看見(jiàn)，人們就忘不了。（表示時(shí)間）

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.(I am given, or give me)如果給予更多的時(shí)間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.(he is told, or tell him)雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。（表示讓步）

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進(jìn)山洞。(he is filled, or fill him)一條小支流：不及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞表完成

因?yàn)檫^(guò)去分詞核心的意義是表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。由上我們也可看出，被動(dòng)意義的形成以動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞為前提。故一般來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)去分詞都是及物動(dòng)詞，或者不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞構(gòu)成的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)。

但凡規(guī)則都有例外，有些過(guò)去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的。時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞形式表示的不是被動(dòng)，而是完成。如： boiled water（開(kāi)水）fallen leaves（落葉）

newly arrived goods（新到的貨）the risen sun（升起的太陽(yáng)）the changed world（變了的世界）

這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。過(guò)去分詞特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：按特定的方式理解 1．連詞+過(guò)去分詞

-ed分詞也有帶有連詞的情形。這時(shí)候邏輯關(guān)系自然就非常清楚了，不用多費(fèi)心思。If accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week.如果你被接受擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù)，將在一禮拜內(nèi)通知你。

Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.除非作某些變動(dòng)，否則這條法律將使農(nóng)民的生活發(fā)生困難。

I went on talking, thought continually interrupted by Dussel.我繼續(xù)往下談，盡管不斷被杜塞爾打斷。

He started, as if awakened from some dream.他猛然一驚，仿佛從夢(mèng)中驚醒。

Once informed, I’ll take actions.一旦得到通知，我就會(huì)采取行動(dòng)。

The couple took good care of the baby while occupied by their work.這對(duì)夫婦一邊工作，一邊很好地照顧著嬰兒。2．過(guò)去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

This done, we went home.相當(dāng)于：When this was done, we went home.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn 相當(dāng)于：Since all our savings were gone, we started looking for jobs.She gazed, her hands clasped to her breast.相當(dāng)于：She gazed, and her hands were clasped to her breast.It rained and rained, vehicles bogged down and bridges washed out.相當(dāng)于：It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged down and bridges were washed out.All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off.(98-06 CET-4)a.considered b.be considered c.considering d.having considered 相當(dāng)于：If all things are considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.3．-ed分詞同樣適用于“介賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。

With my homework finished, I went out for a walk.Ice, of relative density 0.9, floats in water, with nine-tenth submerged.冰的比重為0.9，它浮在水面上時(shí)，9/10淹沒(méi)在水里。過(guò)去分詞的變異：形式上的過(guò)去分詞已完全叛變?yōu)槠渌~ 1．-ed形容詞

-ed分詞為形容詞時(shí)，也表現(xiàn)為單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。理解的思路亦復(fù)與-ing分詞相同：不再是表示動(dòng)作，而是描述性狀；意義與相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞有緊密聯(lián)系。

-ing分詞中已講到，表情感的及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的形容詞，常表示“（某事物）給人某種感覺(jué)或影響”這樣一種性質(zhì)： 與之相對(duì)應(yīng)，-ed形容詞表示被動(dòng)的含義，通常指（某人）受到事物的影響而具有的某種感覺(jué)：-ing形容詞-ed形容詞

alarming: 讓人擔(dān)憂的，驚心的 alarmed: 擔(dān)心的 charming: 迷人的 charmed: 著迷的 amusing: 有趣的到 amused: 愉快的

astonishing/surprising astonished/surprised /astounding/shocking: /astounded/shocked: 吃驚的 encouraging: 令人鼓舞的 encouraged: 受到鼓舞的 confusing: 令人糊涂的 confused: 糊涂的 refreshing: 令人振奮的 refreshed: 振奮的

striking: 顯著的，驚人的 stricken: 遭殃的，患病的等

而不及物動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的形容詞，在-ing分詞形容詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性，而-ed分詞形容詞則表示動(dòng)作完成后所處的狀態(tài)。

Fallen leaves 落葉 a retired army officer 退休軍官 an escaped prisoner逃犯 比較：falling leaves 2．-ed介詞

-ed介詞已經(jīng)從動(dòng)詞叛變，同樣可從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)看：一是它的意義雖與動(dòng)詞相關(guān)，但已有所變化；二是它沒(méi)有什么邏輯主語(yǔ)。最常用的一個(gè)是given。表示“考慮到已有的某種事物”或假設(shè)“如果有某種事物”，在此基礎(chǔ)上可作出一個(gè)推斷。

Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor.鑒于政府在解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題上成績(jī)不佳，他們?cè)谶x舉中獲勝的機(jī)會(huì)似乎不大。

Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.考慮到她喜歡孩子，我可以肯定教書(shū)是最適合她的職業(yè)。

Given contrasting circumstances, identical twin would develop quite different

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http://004km.cn personalities.如果環(huán)境迥異，同卵的雙胞胎也可能形成大相徑庭的性格特點(diǎn)。3．-ed連詞

數(shù)量少。常用的有provided。另，given that也相當(dāng)于從屬連詞。Provided也可用provided that或providing, providing that進(jìn)行替換。這種可-ing分詞也可-ed分詞的局面說(shuō)明它們與動(dòng)詞已有了相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x了，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系是徑渭分明的；另一方面，可以跟 “that”也說(shuō)明它作起介詞來(lái)，畢竟不如正宗的介詞那么理直氣壯。

I will agree to go provided(that)my expenses are paid.假如為我負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用，我就同意去。（編輯：趙露）

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第三篇：2012屆高考英語(yǔ) 考前沖刺常用短語(yǔ)句型歸納

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http://004km.cn 2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺常用短語(yǔ)句型歸納

1．高考高頻動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（1）act短語(yǔ)：

act as 擔(dān)任??職務(wù)，起??作用 act for 代理（某人職務(wù)），代為（處理某事）act out 表演（對(duì)話、故事等）

act up 搗亂，出毛病 例如：

I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.Mr Green is acting for the old man in his case.(布格林先生代那個(gè)老人處理他的案件。)The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.（2）break短語(yǔ)：

break away 擺脫，脫離

break away from ? 脫離??，奮力掙脫?? break down 出故障，壞掉，中止，累垮，分解

break in 打斷，插話，闖入，強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入 break into ? 闖入??，破門(mén)而入

break(sth)off（使某物）折斷，中斷某事物，突然停止 break out（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)

break out in tears 突然大哭

break the rule 違反規(guī)定

break through 突圍，沖跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎開(kāi)

例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.The car broke down just on my way here.If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem.In spring the icebergs begin to break up.（3）bring短語(yǔ)：

bring about 引起，導(dǎo)致，使發(fā)生

bring along 把??帶來(lái)，領(lǐng)來(lái) bring back 拿回來(lái)，使恢復(fù)

bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使??生動(dòng)/活潑，使??蘇醒（比較：sth / sb come back to life 復(fù)蘇，蘇醒）

bring down 使??降低，減少，使??倒下，使??落下

bring down / up(the price)降價(jià)／提價(jià) [比較：(the price)go down / up 價(jià)格下降 /上漲] bring in 引進(jìn)（技術(shù)），賺錢(qián)，帶來(lái)（收入），吸收 bring on 發(fā)展，引起，導(dǎo)致，使前進(jìn)

bring out 拿出，出版，生產(chǎn)，揭露，闡明，使表現(xiàn)出 bring to 使蘇醒

bring ? to use = put ?to use 對(duì)??加以利用

bring / carry sth to / into effect 實(shí)施??（比較：sth come / go into effect 開(kāi)始實(shí)施）bring up 撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)，哺育

例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn You’re welcome to bring along a friend.The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation(通貨膨脹).American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.Stress can bring on(=lead to / result in)headaches and other illnesses.Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.He was brought up by his grandparents.（4）call短語(yǔ)：

call at(sp)訪問(wèn)（某地），拜訪（某地）[比較：call on(sb)拜訪（某人），訪問(wèn)（某人）] call back 回電話

call for 提倡，號(hào)召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人

call / shout for help 呼救

call in 請(qǐng)來(lái)，召集，來(lái)訪，打電話

call off 取消

call on / upon 號(hào)召 call out 大聲呼喊，叫喊

call sb?for short 簡(jiǎn)稱某人??

call sb names 謾罵某人

call up 給??打電話，使人想起，號(hào)召 例如：

We called at Mike’s house yesterday.All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.I shall call on him tomorrow.I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.Call me up tomorrow;my number is 536291.Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.（5）come短語(yǔ)：

come about 發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生

come across 偶然相遇 come along 來(lái)，隨同，進(jìn)展，加油 come at ? 向??襲擊

come back 回來(lái)，想起來(lái)，復(fù)活

come down 下來(lái)，下落，傳下 come down to? 到達(dá)，從一處來(lái)到另一處

come for? 來(lái)拿，來(lái)取

come from? 來(lái)自，出生于

come in 進(jìn)來(lái)，進(jìn)入

come into being 形成，產(chǎn)生

come into use 使用起來(lái) come off 脫落，從??離開(kāi)

come on 過(guò)來(lái)，跟我來(lái)，加油，來(lái)吧，趕快

come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇見(jiàn)，偶然碰上，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) come out 露出，出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)，出版，發(fā)（芽），（花）開(kāi)

come over to? 過(guò)來(lái)，順便來(lái)訪，從一個(gè)地方來(lái)到另一個(gè)地方 come round / around（非正式）來(lái)訪，串門(mén)

come to ? 來(lái)到，出現(xiàn)，提及，達(dá)到，共計(jì)，結(jié)果是，蘇醒

come to an end 結(jié)束，終止 come to know 逐漸地知道

come to life（變得）活潑，蘇醒過(guò)來(lái) come to light 顯露，為人所知

come to oneself 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，恢復(fù)知覺(jué) come to / into power 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺(tái)

come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 變成廢墟 come to terms with? 甘心忍受

come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，成為事實(shí)

come up 被提出，上來(lái)，走來(lái)，上升，抬頭，長(zhǎng)出來(lái)

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http://004km.cn come up to sb 朝某人走來(lái)

come up with ? 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），趕上 例如：

A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.Your English is coming along really well.Come along / on!Don’t give up yet!

Come along / on!We’re all waiting for you!Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window.The airplane came down in that field.Where does the film star come from, do you know? Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand(= with a book in his hand).The law first came into being in 1912.By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.How long is it since the electronic computer came into use? The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.The trees turn green and flowers come out.This magazine comes out once a month.Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?

Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.The bill came to ￡480 in total.His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.A child came up to me and showed me the way.The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.（6）cut短語(yǔ)：

cut away 切除，剪去

cut down 砍倒，砍下，削減 cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插隊(duì)

cut ? into pieces / halves 把??切成碎片/切成兩半 cut off 切斷（線路），中斷（供應(yīng)）cut out 刪除，剪下來(lái)

cut the cost of ? 降低??的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齊根切掉 例如：

He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.The electricity was cut off because of the storm.He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.Could you cut the pizza up, please?（7）do短語(yǔ)：

do about 處理，應(yīng)付

do and don’t 要與不要

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做實(shí)驗(yàn)，做化驗(yàn)

do a word puzzle 猜字謎 do an experiment / experiments 做實(shí)驗(yàn) do away with 廢除

do body-building 做健身操

do chores 處理瑣事，干家務(wù) do housework 做家務(wù)活

do make-up 化妝，打扮

do observations 觀察

do one’s best 盡某人最大努力

do one’s homework 做作業(yè)

do research on? 從事??研究工作 do sb a favour 幫某人一個(gè)忙

do sb honor = do honor to sb 禮遇某人，對(duì)某人表示敬意 do sb the favour to do sth 幫某人一個(gè)忙做某事 do some reading 讀書(shū)，閱讀，看點(diǎn)書(shū)

do some shopping = go shopping 購(gòu)物，買(mǎi)東西

do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，做運(yùn)動(dòng)，進(jìn)行鍛煉 do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 輪流做某事 do telephone interviews 進(jìn)行電話采訪 do the laundry 洗衣服

do up 打扮，梳妝，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好 do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋帶/梳好頭 do up the button 扣紐扣

do well / better in? 在??方面干得好/更好 do with 處理，處置，對(duì)付

do wrong 做壞事，做錯(cuò)事（比較：do right = do the right thing 做得對(duì)）

例如：

To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.What did you do with that camera you found? The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.Eat more fruit;it will do good to you.I think I can do better in English this year than last year.Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” I’m going to do my best this year.I was only trying to do a good deed.（8）get短語(yǔ)：

get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中國(guó)

get a full mark / full marks 得滿分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到滿足 get at 意指，本意是

get around = get about 四處走動(dòng)，活動(dòng) get away 移走，拿走，逃脫，逃離 get away from 逃脫，逃離 get back 回來(lái)，回家，取回，找回，退還

get close to 接近

get down 下來(lái)，降下

get down on one’s knees 跪下

get down to(doing)sth 開(kāi)始（做）某事）get in 進(jìn)入，收獲，達(dá)到

get in a word 插話 get into? 進(jìn)入??

get sb into? 使某人陷入 get it 接（電話），應(yīng)（門(mén)），理解，懂得 get off 下車(chē)，脫下（衣服等）

get on 上車(chē)，過(guò)活

get on / along with? 進(jìn)展，與??相處

get on one’s feet（艱難地）站立起來(lái) get out 離開(kāi)，出去

get out of 逃避，避免

get over 克服，恢復(fù)，原諒

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http://004km.cn get up 起床，起身

get across 理解，度過(guò) get through 接通（電話），完成（工作），通過(guò)（考試）

get to 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)

get to sleep 入睡，設(shè)法睡著 get / gain / take possession of 占有，擁有，占領(lǐng) get ready for 為??做準(zhǔn)備

（比較：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 為??做好了準(zhǔn)備）get rid of 除掉，去掉

get sb to do 讓某人做

get the idea for? 想到??的主意

get the message across 傳播信息 get together 相聚，碰頭，聯(lián)歡

get / be used to sth習(xí)慣于??，適應(yīng)于??（比較：be used as sth 被用作??

be used for sth 被用于??，用來(lái)做?? be used to do sth 被用于做?? used to do sth 過(guò)去常常做）

get / be dressed 穿衣服

get / be engaged(to sb)（與某人）訂婚 get / be lost 丟失了，迷路

get / be married(to sb)= marry(sb)（與某人）結(jié)婚 get / be stuck 陷進(jìn)去，被困住，被難住，遇到困難 get / be tired of 對(duì)??感到厭倦，對(duì)??失去興趣（比較：get / be tired for 因??而感到疲倦）例如：

I’m getting on well with my classmates now.How are you getting along with your English? He got the book away from her.The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.When did you get back from the countryside? Have you got back the book you lent him? “Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.” The dust has got into my eyes.This mistake may get him into difficulties.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.” When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.The conductor got off and checked the rails.She got on her bicycle and cycled off.You work too hard!You should get out a bit more.If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海關(guān)).I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.It’s time we got down to work.The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.The peasants are busy getting in the crops.We didn’t get up until lunch time.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn He got up and walked over to the window.（9）give短語(yǔ)：

give away 贈(zèng)送，給予，背棄，泄露，分發(fā)

give back 歸還，送回

give in 投降，讓步，屈服

give off 釋放，發(fā)出，放出(煙、光、熱等)give out 用完，耗盡，分發(fā)，發(fā)放 give over = hand over 轉(zhuǎn)交，移交 give up 放棄，辭去

give a concert 開(kāi)音樂(lè)會(huì)

give a description of? 描述??

give / make a speech 演講，講話 give a talk 演講，做報(bào)告

give birth to 生嬰兒，生產(chǎn)，造成

give close attention to 密切關(guān)注

give medical care to sb 對(duì)某人進(jìn)行治療 give shade in summer 夏天時(shí)遮陽(yáng) give / lend sb a hand 給某人幫助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 給某人捎個(gè)口信

give sb a second look 再看某人一眼

give sb a warm welcome 熱烈歡迎某人

give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就??向某人提出建議/忠告 例如：

In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.Remember not to give it away to anyone else;it’s a secret.Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.When they made ready to climb the next ridge(山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.Could you give us some advice on reading? If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.（10）go短語(yǔ)：

go abroad 出國(guó)

go about 四處走走，開(kāi)始做，著手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜訪 go against 違反，違背 go ahead 說(shuō)吧，干吧，領(lǐng)先，走在前面 go / walk around 四處走走 go away 走開(kāi)，離去

go back 回去

go beyond 超越

go by 走過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)，（時(shí)間）消逝，過(guò)去 go down 下來(lái)，落下，倒下

go down on one’s knees 跪下 go for 為??去，努力獲取，主張，適用于 go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行

go for a job interview 去面試找工作 go for a walk / walks 散步

go for sb 對(duì)某人也一樣

go in for 參加，喜歡 go into 詳細(xì)調(diào)查

go into details 細(xì)說(shuō) go off 走開(kāi)，離去，（鬧鐘）鬧響

go off to = be off to = leave for 動(dòng)身去 go off the air 停止廣播（比較：go on the air 開(kāi)始廣播）

go on 發(fā)生，進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)

go / be on diet 在節(jié)食

go on(a)holiday 去度假

go on a tour to 去??觀光（游覽）go on a visit to 去??訪問(wèn)（參觀）

go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（同一事）

[比較：go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做某事（另一事）

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http://004km.cn go on with sth 繼續(xù)某事] go out 熄滅，出去，外出

go over 復(fù)習(xí)，過(guò)一遍，仔細(xì)檢查，審閱 go past 從??的旁邊過(guò)去

go up 上升，上漲，增長(zhǎng)，攀登 go with? 與??相配

go without 忍受沒(méi)有??之苦，沒(méi)有??也行，沒(méi)有??也能勉強(qiáng)應(yīng)付

go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去購(gòu)物/釣魚(yú)/駕船航行/宿營(yíng)/滑冰 go straight along 沿著??一直往前走

go through 通過(guò)，經(jīng)受，瀏覽，仔細(xì)檢查 go through with 完成 go to bed（上床）睡覺(jué)

go to school / work 上學(xué)/上班 go to sea 當(dāng)水手

go to sleep 入睡

go to town 進(jìn)城

go to a movie 去看電影

go to the country(side)下鄉(xiāng)

go home / there 回家/去那兒

go to see a doctor 去看病，去看醫(yī)生 go bad 變壞 go wrong 出毛病，不對(duì)頭，做錯(cuò)事，誤入歧途 go Dutch 各付各的帳，平攤費(fèi)用 例如：

No one dared to go against the rules.—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window? —No, go ahead.I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.Things will get easier as time goes by.He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.If you really want the job, go for it!Close all the doors and lock them when you go out.The same goes for windows.I go in for all the competitions.After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.Suddenly the candle went out.Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.Let’s go over what we learned last period.Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.It is possible to go without food for a few days.Something’s gone wrong with my watch;I must have it repaired.（11）have短語(yǔ)：

have a break 休息一下

have a bright future 有一個(gè)燦爛的未來(lái) have(got)a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/頭疼/發(fā)燒 have a conversation with sb 與某人交談 [比較：have a dialogue with sb 與某人對(duì)話

have a talk with sb(about sth)（就某事）與某人進(jìn)行交流

have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人談幾句，跟某人說(shuō)句話] have a gift for? 對(duì)??有天賦（比較：have a reputation for? 有??名譽(yù)/名聲）have a good flight（坐飛機(jī)）旅途愉快

have a good knowledge of ? 對(duì)??很熟悉，通曉?? have a good laugh over? 對(duì)??笑了個(gè)夠

have a good / great / wonderful time = have(great)fun 玩得（非常）高興，過(guò)得愉快

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http://004km.cn have a / the habit of ?= be in a / the habit of? 有??的習(xí)慣（比較：get into / form the habit of? 養(yǎng)成??的習(xí)慣 get sb into the habit of? 使某人養(yǎng)成??的習(xí)慣）

have a hit 風(fēng)靡一時(shí)

have a large population 人口眾多

have / take a look 看一看

have a meeting / party 開(kāi)會(huì)/舉行晚會(huì) have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快 have(got)a pain(in the?)（身體某部位）痛

have a part-time job 做兼職工作

have a(good)rest 休息

have / take a seat 坐下（比較：have / take one’s seat 坐某人的座位）have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜歡吃甜食

have a swim 游泳

have a table tennis match 舉行一場(chǎng)乒乓球比賽 have a test 進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn)

have a try 試一試

have / show an appetite for? 有??的欲望或愛(ài)好

have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有預(yù)約, 和某人有約定 have an effect on / upon? 對(duì)??有影響，對(duì)??產(chǎn)生作用（比較：influence? = affect ? 對(duì)??有影響 have no effect / influence on ? 對(duì)??沒(méi)有影響 have a good / bad effect on ? 對(duì)??有好/壞影響

have a great / little effect on ? 對(duì)??有很大的影響/影響不大 have a strong influence on? 對(duì)??有很大影響）

have / take an exam 參加考試

have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of ? 有??的收入

have access to ? 使用（接近??的）權(quán)利或機(jī)會(huì) have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯 have lessons / classes 上課

have mercy on? 寬恕??，對(duì)??仁慈，對(duì)??表示憐憫

have no chance of surviving 沒(méi)有生存的可能性

have no choice but to do sth 別無(wú)選擇，只好做某事

have none of ? 根本不理睬??

have on 穿著

have sth on sb 某人身上帶著某物 have / take one’s medicine 服藥，吃藥 have some difficulty / trouble / problems with ? 在??有困難/麻煩事

[比較：have some difficulty / trouble / problems(in)doing sth 做某事有困難/麻煩] have something / nothing in common(with?)（與??）有共同點(diǎn)／沒(méi)有共同之處（比較：have much / a lot in common with? 與??有許多相同之處 have little in common with? 與??幾乎沒(méi)有相同之處）have something / nothing to do with ? 與??有關(guān)／無(wú)關(guān) have to = have got to 不得不，必須

例如：

Class is over.Let’s have a break.I’ve got a cough.Dad and I had a good laugh over that.They are having a good time.He stopped to have a look.We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.Are we going to have a meeting this week? Here is a tree.Let me have a rest.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn Are you going to have a swim？ We’ll have a test tomorrow.Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.Does she have lunch at home？

Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.Please come here and have my seat, Granny.He hasn’t had any medicine.At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.（12）hold短語(yǔ)：

hold a meeting / party 開(kāi)會(huì)/舉行晚會(huì)

hold back 退縮，躊躇，阻擋，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出氣

hold on 等一等，不要掛電話 hold on to 抓住，保住

hold out 伸出，堅(jiān)持下去，維持 hold up 阻擋，使停頓，舉起，拿起，阻滯 hold together 連在一起，團(tuán)結(jié)一致

例如：

Anger flooded through her.She couldn’t hold it back.—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.The little boy held out his hands.I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.Sorry, I’m late.I was held up at work.（13）keep短語(yǔ)：

keep away from 避開(kāi)，別靠近

keep back 隱瞞，忍住，阻止??向前，留下 keep down 控制

keep off 勿踏，勿踩 keep off sb / sth 不接觸或不接近某人/某事物

keep on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行

keep out 不得入內(nèi)

keep?out 把??擋住，把??留在外面keep out of ? 不進(jìn)入??

keep up 繼續(xù)，保持，堅(jiān)持，使（情緒等）不低落 keep up with? = catch up with? 跟上，趕上

keep a date 赴約

keep a healthy diet 保持健康的飲食 keep a record / records 保持記錄

keep an eye on 注視，留心，注意，照顧

（比較：keep an eye out for 注視，留心，注意）

keep busy doing 忙著做某事

keep fit 保持健康

keep?in mind = learn?by heart = remember? 把??記住 keep(on)doing sth 繼續(xù)不停地做某事

[比較：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/繼續(xù)做某事 keep ? from doing 阻止??做，不讓??做

stop / prevent?(from)doing 妨礙/預(yù)防/阻止??做，不讓??做] keep one’s appointment 守約（比較：break one’s appointment 違約）

keep one’s balance 保持平衡

keep one’s word(s)遵守諾言

keep safe 保持安全

keep silent over ? 對(duì)??保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌

keep watch 保持警戒，站崗

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 例如：

I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.He kept on telling us the same story over and over.You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.Danger!Keep out!Will this overcoat keep the rain out? It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.The rain kept up all night.I see you are getting along well with your English studies.Keep up the good work.The good news keeps our spirits up.He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”（14）knock短語(yǔ)：

knock at /on 敲打（門(mén)、窗等）

knock down 把??撞倒，擊倒

knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰見(jiàn) knock sb out(of sth)淘汰某人

knock over 撞翻，撞倒 例如：

We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr.White.He almost knocked into me before he realized it.If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.（15）look短語(yǔ)：

look at 看著，注視，檢查

look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照鏡子 look after 照顧，照料，照看

look ahead 向前看，展望未來(lái)

look around / about 四處看看，四下環(huán)顧 look back 回首，回憶，回顧過(guò)去

look back on? 回顧??，回憶??

look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事 look for 尋找，找

look in 來(lái)訪，參觀 look into? 往??里面看，瀏覽，調(diào)查，研究 look(right)into sb’s eyes 直視著

look like? 看起來(lái)像??（比較：look the same 看起來(lái)像）look on 旁觀，觀望

look out = be careful = take care 留神，當(dāng)心，注意，警惕，提防 look out for 警惕，留心，找出來(lái) look over? 翻閱，（仔細(xì)）檢查

look through 看透，仔細(xì)查看，瀏覽，翻閱，溫習(xí)look up 仰視，往上看，（在字典或參考書(shū)中）查閱，查尋

look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比較：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙視，輕視）look / be worried 看上去/感到擔(dān)心 例如：

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn The boy is old enough to look after himself.He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.Join us.Don’t just look on.They all looked on him as a member of their family.Look out!There is danger ahead.I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.He looked through his notes before writing the report.Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.I must look up the time of your train.A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.（16）make短語(yǔ)：

make into 制成，作成（后面跟產(chǎn)品，制成品）[比較：be made in 在??生產(chǎn)/制造

be made of 由??組成/構(gòu)成，用某種原材料制成（物理變化）be made from 由??組成/構(gòu)成，用某種原材料制成（化學(xué)變化）be made up of = consist of 由??組成，由??構(gòu)成] make out 理解，看清楚

make up 化妝，打扮，和解，配制，編造，虛構(gòu)，構(gòu)成，組成

make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)償

made up one’s mind 下決心 make a choice 做出選擇

make a commitment 承諾，保證 make a comment / comments(on / upon?)（對(duì)??）發(fā)表評(píng)論

make a(great)contribution to? 為??做出（巨大）貢獻(xiàn)，為??捐款

make a decision 做出決定

make a(no)difference（沒(méi)）有關(guān)系/影響 make a face / faces 扮鬼臉

make a fire 生火 make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍電影/巨片／續(xù)集

make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比較：make fool of ? 愚弄）make / leave / create a good impression(on sb)（給某人）留下好印象 make a mistake / mistakes 犯錯(cuò)誤

make(a)noise 制造噪音，發(fā)出令人不愉快的聲音 make a note / notes of? 記錄，做筆記，記下來(lái)

make a plan(for?)（為??）制訂計(jì)劃，制訂一個(gè)（??的）計(jì)劃 make a point of doing sth 認(rèn)為做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承諾

make a record 錄制唱片，做記錄

（比較：record a song 錄一首歌

set a world record 創(chuàng)造世界記錄）

make(a)suggestion(on ?)提出（關(guān)于??）的建議

make a telephone call 打電話

make / take a trip / journey to ? 去某地旅行 make conversation 交談

make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵

make friends with sb 與某人交朋友

make fun of? 取笑，嘲笑，和??開(kāi)玩笑 make it（事業(yè)上）獲得成功

make jokes about sb 拿某人開(kāi)玩笑，以某人為笑柄

make mistake about? 犯了??錯(cuò)誤

make / earn money 掙錢(qián)

make oneself at home 不拘束，別客氣 make oneself known 使/讓自己出名

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http://004km.cn make one’s way to? 往??走去 make progress(in ?)（在??方面）取得進(jìn)步 make sense 有意義，有道理，講得通 make sense of? 弄懂??的意思 make sth to(one’s own)measure（按自己的尺寸）定做 make sure 確保，確認(rèn)，查明

make the adjustment to? 適應(yīng)??

make the / one’s bed 整理床鋪

make(full)use of ?= make the most / best of ?(充分)利用 例如：

Bamboo is also made into paper.Our desks and chairs are made of wood.The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.This engine is made up of 490 parts.The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here.He has just made her up.Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.Everyone should make full use of time.But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.（17）pass短語(yǔ)：

pass away 去世，死（委婉說(shuō)法）

pass by 通過(guò)，從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò) pass down 傳下來(lái)，流傳，使世代相傳，一代一代傳下去 pass on(to sb)轉(zhuǎn)交給(某人)，傳給(某人)pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流傳下來(lái)

pass out 失去知覺(jué)，昏厥

pass through 穿過(guò)，越過(guò) pass sth from one to another 把某事物從一人傳到另一人手上 pass the examination 通過(guò)考試 例如：

Dr Johnson passed away last night.They all waved to us as they passed by.The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.（18）pay短語(yǔ)：

pay attention to ? 對(duì)??注意，留心??

pay a visit to sb / a place 訪問(wèn)，拜訪（某人），參觀（某地）pay back 償還（借款），報(bào)答，報(bào)復(fù)

pay for 付款，付費(fèi)，付代價(jià)（比較：pay a high price for ? 付高價(jià)）pay off 還清（欠款）

pay sb a visit 拜訪某人 pay the bill 買(mǎi)單，付帳單 例如：

He promised to pay the money back by Friday.The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn（19）pick短語(yǔ)： pick out 挑選，認(rèn)出

pick up 拾起，接收，學(xué)會(huì)（語(yǔ)言），開(kāi)車(chē)去接，康復(fù)，購(gòu)買(mǎi)（便宜商品）例如：

His story was picked out as the best by the judges.The phone rang and I picked it up.I’ll pick you up at the station.I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.（20）put短語(yǔ)：

put away 將某物收拾起來(lái)，存錢(qián)，儲(chǔ)存，存起來(lái) put down 撲滅，平息，鎮(zhèn)壓，記下

put forward 提出，建議，推薦

put off 延期，拖延 put on（戲）上演，放（唱片），穿戴 put on a performance 演出 put out 撲滅，熄滅，使??停止燃燒，伸出，出版，生產(chǎn) put up 掛起，張貼，舉起，抬起，搭起，建立

put up with 忍受，容忍

put into 使進(jìn)入，輸入，投入

put／translate?into 把??譯成put one’s heart into? 全神貫注于?? put sb in / into prison 把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄 put ?to use 使用??，運(yùn)用??

put a date to sth 注明日期

（比較：set / fix the date 確定日期 to date 到目前為止）

put an end to ? 結(jié)束??

put ?together 把??放在一起 例如：

We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.The firemen soon put the fire out.The doctor told me to put out my tongue.It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（裝飾物）in the living room.Drop your weapons and put your hands up.Another supermarket has been put up near our house.I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.The government is putting more money into education this year.As students, we should put our heart into studies.（21）send短語(yǔ)：

send away 讓走開(kāi)

send for sb 派人去請(qǐng)某人，請(qǐng)某人來(lái) send in 寄送某處進(jìn)行處理

send out 派遣，發(fā)出（信號(hào)、通知等）send up 發(fā)射，射出，往上送

send sb to sleep 讓某人睡覺(jué) send signals by ? 通過(guò)??發(fā)送信號(hào) 例如：

Get back into bed.I’ll send for the doctor.The ship is in danger;it is sending out an SOS signal.億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.（22）set短語(yǔ)：

set about(doing)sth 著手，開(kāi)始 set aside 留出，擱/放在一邊

set down 放下，記下

set off 出發(fā)，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起 set out(for?)出發(fā)往（??），動(dòng)身去（??）

set out to do 開(kāi)始做，著手做

set up 創(chuàng)立，設(shè)立，開(kāi)辦，豎起，支起 set /give a(good)example to? 為??樹(shù)立（好）榜樣

set a goal 設(shè)定目標(biāo)

set fire to sth = set sth on fire 縱火，放火燒 set foot on / in? 踏上??，到達(dá)，進(jìn)入 set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去??

set sail from 從??起航 set sb a good example in ? 在??為某人樹(shù)立榜樣 set sb free 釋放某人，解放某人

例如：

As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.They’ve set off on a trip round the world.Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.He was set free after three years in prison.Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.（23）stand短語(yǔ)：

stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人

stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/擁護(hù)，為??的候選人 stand out 突出，顯眼

stand up 起立，站起來(lái) stand still = stay still 站著不動(dòng) 例如：

CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.（24）take短語(yǔ)：

take after 與某人相像

take along 帶領(lǐng)，攜帶

take ? apart = separate ? 把??分開(kāi) take away 拿走，拿去，使離開(kāi)

take away from? 從??帶／拿走 take back 退回，拿回，收回

take down 拿下，記下，記錄

take for? 當(dāng)作??，誤以為是??

take in 吸收，接納，上當(dāng)

take off（飛機(jī)）起飛，脫掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，開(kāi)始流行/暢銷(xiāo) take on 呈現(xiàn)

take out 拿出，取出 take over 繼承，接管，接替

take up 從事，開(kāi)始，專注于，占去（時(shí)間、空間、地位等）

take a bank loan 向銀行貸款

take a bath 洗澡

take a chance / chances 碰運(yùn)氣，冒險(xiǎn)

take a critical attitude towards? 對(duì)??持批判態(tài)度

take a few deep breaths 深呼吸 take / have a degree in ? 取得??學(xué)位

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn take a hands-on approach to education 通過(guò)動(dòng)手實(shí)踐的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行接受教育 take a message(to sb)（給某人）捎個(gè)口信

比較：leave a message(to sb)（給某人）留個(gè)口信 take a photo(of ?)（給??）照相，拍（??）照片

take a risk / risks 冒險(xiǎn)

take a shower 沐浴，洗澡

take a sip 呡一小口

take a taxi to...= go to...by taxi 乘出租車(chē) take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜風(fēng)／休假 take(an)interest in ? 對(duì)??感興趣

（比較：be into = be interested in 對(duì)??感興趣 have / show interest in 對(duì)??感興趣）take advantage of 對(duì)??加以利用

take ? by surprise 對(duì)??突然襲擊，出乎??意料

take care 小心, 注意

take care of 照顧，照看 take effect 生效，奏效

take exercise 運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)

take ? for example 以??為例

take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，別著急，從容，不緊張 take...into consideration 顧及，考慮到，體諒（比較：under consideration 在考慮中，在研究中）

take lessons 上課

take notes 做筆記，做記錄 take notice of 注意

take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（轉(zhuǎn)義為就職）

take one’s time 從容，不急，慢慢行動(dòng) [比較：take time 花費(fèi)（時(shí)間）] take part 參加

（比較：take part in? = join in? = participate in? 參加?? take an active part in? 積極參加??）take place 發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，舉行

[比較：take the place of ? = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）] take pride in ?= be proud of? 對(duì)??感到自豪

take responsibility for ? = be responsible for ? 對(duì)??負(fù)起責(zé)任 take sb in the arms 擁抱，摟抱

take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虜某人

（比較：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虜）take sb seriously 看重某人

take sb some time to do sth 花費(fèi)某人??時(shí)間去做某事

take sb’s temperature 給某人量體溫 take sth along with sb 隨身攜帶某物 take shelter 躲避

take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人

take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采?。??的）行動(dòng) take turns to do sth / in doing sth 輪流做某事 例如：

I’m sorry.I’ll take back what I said.Take care!The car is coming.My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.We can’t have such a big table in this small room.It takes up too much room.（25）think短語(yǔ)：

think about 思考，考慮（是否去做）

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http://004km.cn think of 想到，想起，認(rèn)為，對(duì)??有看法/想法

think out 想出

think over 仔細(xì)考慮

think through? 思考??直到得出結(jié)論 think up 提出，想出，設(shè)計(jì)出 think twice 再三考慮，仔細(xì)考慮

think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 對(duì)??高度評(píng)價(jià) 例如：

I’m sorry.I can’t think out your name.When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.Think it over, and you’ll find a way.（26）turn短語(yǔ)：

turn against 轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)，背叛

turn around / round 轉(zhuǎn)身，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái) turn ? away 趕走??，辭退??，把??打發(fā)走

turn on 打開(kāi)（燈，氣，水，電器等）turn off 關(guān)掉（燈，氣，水，電器等）turn up 把音量開(kāi)大，卷起，翻起，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，到達(dá) turn down 關(guān)小/調(diào)低（音量／熱度），拒絕 turn over 把??翻過(guò)來(lái)，翻動(dòng)，犁翻（土地），細(xì)想

turn in 交進(jìn)，上繳，歸還

turn into 變成 turn?into? 把??變成??，轉(zhuǎn)變成 turn to? 轉(zhuǎn)向??，向??求助，查閱 turn out 結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn)

turn out to be 被證明是, 結(jié)果是

turn right / left 向右/向左拐

turn writer = become a writer 成為作家 例如：

Those who were once for him have turned against him.Turn in everything captured（繳獲的）.I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.Shall I turn on the bath water for you? He turned the meat over in the pan（平底鍋）.They always turn to me when they are in trouble.His attention turned to the pretty young girl.Turn the radio down a little.I can scarcely hear the program.He turned the coat collar（衣領(lǐng)）up because of the wind.Something will turn up to get you out of the difficulty.2．以介詞或副詞為中心的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（便于強(qiáng)化記憶）（l）動(dòng)詞+about tear at 用力撕 speak／talk about 談?wù)?look at 看，注視 think about 思考 work at 干??活動(dòng)（研究）care about 關(guān)心，對(duì)??有興趣 come at 向??襲擊 bring about 引起，使發(fā)生 shout at 沖(某人)嚷嚷 set about 著手，開(kāi)始 stare at 凝視 come about 發(fā)生 glare at 怒視 hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō) glance at 匆匆一瞥 worry about 為??擔(dān)心 laugh at 嘲笑（2）動(dòng)詞+at knock at 敲（門(mén)、窗等）aim at 向??瞄準(zhǔn)，旨在 point at 指向 run at 沖向，向??攻擊 smile at 沖（某人）笑 call at 拜訪(地點(diǎn))strike at 向??打擊

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn shoot at 向??射擊 wonder at 驚訝（3）動(dòng)詞+away die away 逐漸消失

put away 收拾起來(lái)，存起來(lái) pass away 去世 wash away 沖走 take away 拿走

give away 背棄，泄漏 send away 讓走開(kāi)

turn away 把??打發(fā)走 wear away 磨掉，消耗 throw away 扔掉 blow away 吹走

carry away 拿走，使入迷 clear away 清除掉，消散 break away 擺脫（4）動(dòng)詞+back keep back 隱瞞，忍住 hold back 控制住 give back 歸還 call back 回電話

take back 拿回，收回 look back(on)回顧（5）動(dòng)詞+down cut down 削減，砍倒

put down 記下，寫(xiě)下，鎮(zhèn)壓 take down 記下，記錄 turn down 調(diào)小，拒絕 slow down 慢下來(lái) pass down 傳下來(lái)

calm down平靜下來(lái) burn down 燒毀

tear down 拆毀，拆除 come down 下落，傳下

break down 壞了，垮了，分解 bring down 使??降低，使倒下 settle down 安家（6）動(dòng)詞+from die from 因??而死 hear from 收到??來(lái)信 learn from 向??學(xué)習(xí)differ from 與??不同 suffer from 受??苦 result from 由于

separate?from 把??分離開(kāi) 億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)keep／stop／prevent?from 不讓??做

date from=date back to 始于??時(shí)期，追溯到（7）動(dòng)詞+for run for 競(jìng)選 ask for 要求得到 beg for 乞求 wait for 等候 look for 尋找

call for 需要，要求 hunt for 尋找 long for 渴望

care for 關(guān)心，喜歡 seek for 尋找

come for 來(lái)拿，來(lái)取 apply for 申請(qǐng)

stand for 代表，表示 search for 查找

change?for 用??換 charge?for 收費(fèi)，要價(jià) take?for 誤以為??是 hope/wish for 希望得到（8）動(dòng)詞十in

get in 收獲，進(jìn)入 fill in 填寫(xiě) cut in 插入 join in 參加

look in 來(lái)訪，參觀 hand in 上交 drop in 拜訪 give in 讓步

take in 接納，吸收 call in 召集，來(lái)訪

bring in 引進(jìn)，使得到收入 break in 強(qiáng)制進(jìn)入，插話 result in 導(dǎo)致

succeed in 在??獲成功 persist in 堅(jiān)持（9）動(dòng)詞十into run into 碰到

look into 研究，調(diào)查，往里面看 burst into 闖入，進(jìn)發(fā) turn into 變成

change?into 把??變成 divide?into 把??分成

put／translate?into 把??譯成（l0）動(dòng)詞+of

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http://004km.cn die of 死于 talk of 談到 hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) think of 想到 dream of 夢(mèng)到 speak of 談到

consist of 由??組成 approve of 贊成 complain of 抱怨

become of 發(fā)生??情況，怎么啦（l1）動(dòng)詞+out go out 熄滅

set out 出發(fā)，著手 try out 試用，試驗(yàn) put out 撲滅 run out 用完

let out 泄漏，發(fā)出(聲音)pick out 選出 hold out 堅(jiān)持下去

wear out 穿破，使??疲勞 make out 理解，看清楚

keep out(of)使不進(jìn)入，擋住 find out 查出，弄明白 work out 算出，想出辦法等 send out 發(fā)出，派遣

give out 散發(fā)，分發(fā)，用完 look out 當(dāng)心，提防 hand out 散發(fā)，分發(fā) help out 救助

turn out 結(jié)果是，生產(chǎn) come out 出版，出來(lái) cross out 劃掉 burst out 進(jìn)發(fā) carry out 執(zhí)行 break out 爆發(fā) point out 指出 figure out 算出

bring out 闡明，使表現(xiàn)出 leave out 省略，刪掉 speak out 大膽講出（l2）動(dòng)詞+over go over 審閱，檢查，研究 get over 克服

run over 壓死，看一遍 take over 接管，接替 turn over 翻倒，細(xì)想 億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)fall over 跌倒，摔倒 roll over 翻滾

look over 翻閱，檢查 think over 仔細(xì)考慮 watch over 看守，照看（l3）動(dòng)詞十to add to 增添 get to 到達(dá)

see to 處理，料理

turn to 向??求助，查閱 come to 共計(jì)，蘇醒 lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向 reply to 答復(fù)

refer to 談到，涉及，參閱 bring to 使蘇醒 agree to 同意 object to 反對(duì) point to 指向 write to 寫(xiě)信給

relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（與??）有關(guān) attend to 處理 belong to 屬于

supply?to 為??提供 devote?to 貢獻(xiàn)給

stick／hold／keep to 堅(jiān)持，忠于 compare?to 與??相比，把??比作（l4）三詞以上的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 do well in 在??干得好 make up for 彌補(bǔ)

look down on / upon 輕視 break away from 擺脫

keep away from 避開(kāi)，別靠近do away with 廢除 put up with 忍受

catch up with = keep up with 趕上 fill up with 用??裝滿 go on with 繼續(xù)

get on / along with 和??相處 look forward to 盼望 look up to 仰望，尊敬 add up to 總計(jì) live up to 依據(jù)??行事；做到；不辜負(fù)（期望）get close to 接近get down to 認(rèn)真開(kāi)始 set fire to 放火燒 pay attention to 注意

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http://004km.cn pay a visit to 訪問(wèn)

take / get / catch hold of 握住 run out of 用完

get out of 逃避，避免 take notice of 注意

take a photo of 拍??照片 take the place of 取代

set an example to 為??樹(shù)立榜樣

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3、其他常用短語(yǔ)（按字母表順序）（1）Aa a balance diet 均衡飲食

a best-seller 暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)

a bit = a little = a little bit 少許，一點(diǎn)兒，有點(diǎn)兒，稍微 a bit of 一點(diǎn)，少量（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）[ 比較：a few 一些，少量（修飾可數(shù)名詞）a great deal of 許多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）

a great / good many = scores of 許多，大量（修飾可數(shù)名詞）a handful of 一把，少量的，少數(shù)（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）

a large / great amount of = large amounts of 許多（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）a large quantity of = large quantities of 許多（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）a lot of = lots of 許多（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）

a mass of = masses of 大量，許多（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）

a(large / great)number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，許多（修飾可數(shù)名詞）plenty of 大量的，很多，足夠的（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）a bunch of flowers 一束花

a cloud of 一團(tuán) a couple of 一對(duì)/雙，兩三個(gè)，一些，幾個(gè)

a couple of days / weeks 兩三天/周a cup of 一杯

a day or two = one or two days 一兩天

a deserted island 荒島 a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s)健康的飲食 a highly-developed country 高度發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家

a kind of 一種，一類(lèi)

a laid-off worker 下崗工人 a large sum of money 一大筆錢(qián)

a length of ? 長(zhǎng)??

a list of 一張??的清單

a live concert 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的音樂(lè)會(huì)

a natural disaster 自然災(zāi)害

a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包

a pair of 一雙，一副

a piece of 一件，一塊，一張

a row of 一排，一行

a series of 一系列的，一連串，一套 a set of 一套，一副

a shortage of teachers 教師資源的缺乏

a third of = one third of 三分之一

a total failure 一個(gè)徹底的失敗者

a total of 總數(shù)（量）為

a two-day trip 一次兩天的旅行

a variety of = varieties of = various 種種的，種類(lèi)繁多的

a waste of(time)白費(fèi)(時(shí)間)，浪費(fèi)(時(shí)間)a man of name 知名人士 a world of magic and wonders 充滿魔力和神奇的世界

after all 畢竟，終究

after a short while 不久以后，沒(méi)多久

after a time 一段時(shí)間以后

after class / work / school 下課/下班/放學(xué)之后

all alone = all by oneself 獨(dú)自，獨(dú)立

all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然

all day = all day long 全天，終日

all in all 總共，總的來(lái)說(shuō)

all kinds / sorts of 各種各樣的all night long 整夜，通宵

all one’s life 終身，一生

all over 到處，遍及，結(jié)束

all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整個(gè)世界/全國(guó) all right 好吧，行了，（?。┖昧?all the best 祝一切順利，萬(wàn)事如意

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http://004km.cn all the same 一樣，同樣的all the time 一直

all the way 一路上，一直

all together 一起，總共

all(the)year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到頭

an invitation to? 一張??的請(qǐng)柬/請(qǐng)貼 an expert on ? ??方面的專家

as a consequence / result 結(jié)果，因此

as a consequence / result of 作為（??的）結(jié)果，由于??的結(jié)果

as a whole 普遍來(lái)說(shuō)，作為整體

as ? as 像，如同

as ? as possible = as?as one can 盡可能??地 as far as（表示程度，范圍）就/盡??（=so far as），遠(yuǎn)至

as far as I know 就我所知，據(jù)我所知 as follows如下（用以列舉事項(xiàng)）

as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比較：even if = even though 雖然，即使，盡管）as long as 只要（= so long as引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句），長(zhǎng)達(dá)

as much / many as 多達(dá)

as soon as 一??就??

as soon as possible 盡快，盡可能早地 as to / for 至于，關(guān)于，就??而言 as usual 像往常一樣

as well 也/還有(= too)，同樣地，例外

as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，還，而且 as with...也一樣，就像??

at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑問(wèn)句），竟然（條件從句）

at a loss 茫然，不知所措

at an early age 年輕時(shí) at any moment / time 隨時(shí)

[ 比較：after a moment = after a while / minute 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 a moment ago = just now 剛才，不久以前 a moment later 片刻之后

at the moment = at the time 此刻，現(xiàn)在，在那時(shí) at the very moment 就在那一剎那

for a moment = for a while / minute 一會(huì)兒 for the moment = for the time being 暫時(shí)，目前

in a moment = in a while /minute / second 過(guò)一會(huì)兒，立刻，馬上 the moment / minute(that)...一??就 ??] at any risk 不顧一切 [比較：at risk 處于危險(xiǎn)中

at the risk of(doing sth)冒著（可能做某事）的危險(xiǎn) take / run a risk / risks 冒險(xiǎn)

risk one’s life(to do sth)冒著生命危險(xiǎn)（做某事）risk doing sth 冒險(xiǎn)做某事）] at birth 出生時(shí)，一生下來(lái)就

at breakfast 在吃早飯

at hand近在手邊，在附近

at home 在家

(at)home and abroad 在國(guó)內(nèi)外

at last 終于，最后

at length 最后，終于，詳細(xì)地

at midnight 在半夜 at night 在夜里，天黑時(shí)

at noon 在中午 at once = right away = right now 馬上，立即

at one go 一口氣

at present = at the present time 現(xiàn)在, 目前

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http://004km.cn at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然（比較：by sea 乘船

by the sea 在海邊 in the sea 在海里 on the sea 在海面上）

at stake 在危險(xiǎn)中

at such a great height 在如此高的高度

at table 在吃飯（比較：at the table 在桌前）at times 偶爾，有時(shí)

（比較：at that time 那時(shí)

at the same time = meanwhile 同時(shí)

at the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合適/不合適/最佳時(shí)候）at various academic levels 不同的學(xué)術(shù)層次

at war 處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)/交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)

at work 忙于工作

at the age of...在??歲的時(shí)候

at the art festival 在藝術(shù)節(jié)上，在藝術(shù)節(jié)期間

at the base 在底部

at the(very)beginning of...在??開(kāi)始時(shí)，在??之初

at the bottom of 在??下端/底部

at the cost of 以??為代價(jià)

at the end of 在??末端，到??結(jié)束時(shí)

at the foot of 在??的腳下

at the front desk 在前臺(tái)，在服務(wù)臺(tái)

at the head of 在??最前面

at a high /low price 以高/低價(jià) at the latest 最遲

at(the)least 至少 [比較：at(the)most 最多] at the mercy of 任由??擺布/控制，在??的掌握中

at the opening /closing(ceremony)of...在??開(kāi)/閉幕式上

at the rate of 以??的比率

at the side of 在??的旁邊 at the speed of 以??速度（比較：at full / high speed 高速）

at the top of one’s voice 大聲地

at the weekend 在周末

accept ? as? 認(rèn)為??是??，承認(rèn)??是??，把??當(dāng)作?? [比較：regard ? as? 認(rèn)為??是

treat ? as?把?? 當(dāng)作

recognize ? as? 認(rèn)為??是??

view / see / know ? as? 認(rèn)為??是??

consider ? as ? / consider ?(to be?)認(rèn)為??是??

look on ? as? 視??為

refer to ? as? 把??視為

think of? as? / think ?(to be?)認(rèn)為??是??] accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉

accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人為??/ 做某事

achieve one’s goal 達(dá)到目的achieve success 獲得成功 act as 擔(dān)任，充當(dāng)

adapt to（改變以）適應(yīng)

adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng)于

adapt to the new environment 適應(yīng)新環(huán)境 add to 增加，添加

add ?to? 把??加到??上

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http://004km.cn add up 加起來(lái)

add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)到

adjust to（調(diào)整以）適應(yīng)

adjust to these extreme conditions 適應(yīng)極限條件

admire sb as? 欽佩某人是??

admire sb for? 欽佩某人的??，因??欽佩某人

advance the deadline 提前最后期限

advance towards? 朝??前進(jìn) advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事

agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意見(jiàn)，看法），與某人看法一致 [ 比較：agree on sth 對(duì)??達(dá)成共識(shí) agree to(the plan)同意（計(jì)劃等）] aim at 向??瞄準(zhǔn)，旨在，針對(duì)

allow for 顧及，為??做準(zhǔn)備 answer for? 對(duì)??負(fù)責(zé)

apologize to sb(for sth)= make an apology to sb(for sth)（因某事）向某人道歉 appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上訴

appeal to their emotions 投合他們的喜好 apply for 申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求

apply to 應(yīng)用，適用

appoint sb as? 任命某人當(dāng)??

approve of 贊成

argue about 爭(zhēng)論某事

argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人爭(zhēng)執(zhí)/爭(zhēng)論

arrive in / at 到達(dá)某地

ask after sb 問(wèn)候某人

ask for 要求得到

ask for a day off 請(qǐng)一天假

ask for a leave 請(qǐng)假

associate?with? 把??與??聯(lián)系起來(lái) attach to 加在??之上，使喜愛(ài)，使依戀，參加，附著

attempt to do sth 試圖做某事

attend school / university 上學(xué)/上大學(xué) attend the meeting 出席會(huì)議

attend to 處理，照顧，關(guān)照，傾聽(tīng) attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意 above all 首要的是，尤其是

according to 根據(jù)

action film / movie 動(dòng)作片

advanced mathematics 高等數(shù)學(xué) again and again 一次又一次，一再，反復(fù)

against the wall 靠著墻

ahead of? 優(yōu)于，超過(guò)，比??早，在??的前面

alarm clock 鬧鐘

along with? 和??一起

and so on 等等

and things like that ??之類(lèi)的東西 another day 改天

any more 再，又 apart from 除??都，除??以外

around the corner 在拐角處，即將來(lái)臨

（比較：on the way = in store 即將來(lái)臨 draw near 即將來(lái)臨，就要來(lái)臨，逼近）（2）Bb be after 尋找，追蹤，追求

be /act against 違背，違反，反對(duì) be from 從??來(lái)，是??人

be next to 在??隔壁，緊挨著?? be off / leaving 離開(kāi)

be out（燈火）熄滅，（人）外出 be out of 沒(méi)有，用完

be up 起床

be up against 面對(duì)

be up to sb 由某人決定

be up to sth 忙于某事，從事于

be upon 逼近，臨近

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn be anxious about ? 為??而憂慮/著急/擔(dān)心（比較：be anxious for ? 渴望，非常希望

be concerned about / for? 為??而憂慮/著急/擔(dān)心

be concerned about / with? 對(duì)??關(guān)切/關(guān)注/感興趣）be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，當(dāng)心 [比較：be careful(not)to do sth 小心（不）做某事] be clear about 對(duì)??清楚

be crazy about 對(duì)??著迷 be curious about = have the curiosity about 對(duì)??感到好奇

be excited about 對(duì)?? 感到興奮

be particular about 對(duì)??挑剔

be amazed at 為??感到驚訝

be experienced at 對(duì)??有經(jīng)驗(yàn)

be present at 出席

be shocked at 對(duì)??感到震驚 be common for 對(duì)??來(lái)說(shuō)是很普通的

be eager for ? = long for? = be dying for? 渴望得到??（比較：be eager to do sth 急著想做某事）be famous for 因??而聞名，由于??而出名（比較：be famous as 作為??而聞名 be famous to 對(duì)??來(lái)說(shuō)很出名）be fit for = be suitable for 適合

be good / bad for sb 對(duì)??有好處/壞處

（比較：be good at 善于??，擅長(zhǎng)于??，在??方面做得好 be good to sb 對(duì)某人友好

do good to sb = do sb good 對(duì)某人有好處

do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 對(duì)某人有害，傷害某人）be honored for? 因??受到尊敬 be intended for 為了 be late for 遲到（比較：be late with sth 某事做得晚）

be to blame for 因??受到責(zé)備

be carved in rock 被刻在巖石上

be caught in(a rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake)突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）

be confident in 在??方面自信

be effective in 在??方面有效

be fluent in(a language)在（某一門(mén)語(yǔ)言）方面很流利

be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be poor / low in 在??方面不足 be quick in mind and action 思維敏捷行動(dòng)迅速

be rich / high in 在??方面豐富

be set in 以??為背景

be strong in heart and mind 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，頭腦聰明

be trapped in 被困在??（比較：be trapped by 被??所困）

be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐懼（比較：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）be ashamed of 為??感到羞愧/慚愧

be aware of 意識(shí)到，知道

be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 愛(ài)好，喜歡

be full of = be filled with 充滿了，裝滿 be jealous of 嫉妒

be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少 be sure of / about 對(duì)??有把握

be uncertain of / about 對(duì)??沒(méi)把握

be accustomed to(doing)sth習(xí)慣于??

be addicted to 沉溺于

be loyal to = be faithful to = be devoted to 忠誠(chéng)于

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http://004km.cn be opened to 向??開(kāi)放

be reduced to 30% 減少到百分之30%（指最后的結(jié)果）

[比較：be reduced by 30% 減少了百分之30%（指與原來(lái)相對(duì)而言）] be similar to 與??相似，與??相像 be angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的氣

be armed with 以??武裝

be burdened with 為??所累 be busy with sth 忙于某事

（比較：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事

be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）

be covered with / by 被??所覆蓋

be crowded with 擠/塞滿了?? be diagnosed with 被診斷為

be equipped with 具有，裝有??設(shè)備，為??做好準(zhǔn)備

be faced with 面臨??，面對(duì)??

be familiar with 對(duì)??很熟悉

be fed up with 對(duì)??感到厭倦

be honest with 對(duì)??誠(chéng)實(shí) be mean with 對(duì)??吝嗇

be pleased / satisfied with 對(duì)??感到滿意

（比較：be content with 對(duì)??感到滿意，滿足于?? be content to do sth 愿意做某事）

be popular with 受到??的歡迎 be pressed with 被刻印/鑄壓上

be strict with sb 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求（比較：be strict in sth 對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格要求）be surrounded with / by 被??圍繞 be about to do sth 正要做某事

be delighted to do sth 高興做某事

be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 決心做??

be due to do sth 預(yù)定/到期應(yīng)該做某事（比較：due to sth 因?yàn)?由于??）

be forced to do sth 被迫做某事

be free to do sth 任意去做，悉聽(tīng)尊便

be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事 be supposed to do 被認(rèn)為/被期望/應(yīng)該做某事

be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事 be able to do 能，會(huì)

be absent from 缺席，曠課

be asleep 睡著（比較：be awake 醒著）

be awarded a Nobel Prize 獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)

be badly off 潦倒，貧困（比較：be well off 富有）

be badly treated 受到虐待

be born 出生，出世 be / become endangered 頻臨危險(xiǎn)

be in contact with 與??有交往

（比較：make contact with 與??聯(lián)絡(luò) lose / break contact with 與??失去聯(lián)系

lose touch with = be out of touch with 與??失去聯(lián)系

be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 與??保持聯(lián)系 get in touch with = get into contact with sb 與??取得聯(lián)系 bring ? into touch with 使??接觸，使??認(rèn)識(shí)

keep track of? 與??保持聯(lián)系，了解??的動(dòng)態(tài)，記錄??）

be in possession of = take possession of 持有，擁有，占有，占領(lǐng)

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn（比較：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession of sb 被某人占有/擁有

come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/擁有）be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人經(jīng)營(yíng)/照顧（比較：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顧）

be mentally disturbed 精神失常

be of benefit 有利的，有好處的 be of(no)effect 有（無(wú)）效

be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形狀各異（比較：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形狀相同）be of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性

be of high / good quality 高質(zhì)量的（比較：be of poor quality 質(zhì)量糟糕的）

be of(no)use 有（無(wú)）用

be on good terms(with sb)與某人關(guān)系好 be stressed out 緊張的，有壓力的be upset 沮喪，傷心

be well received 很受歡迎

be(well)worth doing（很）值得做 [比較：be worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）??] by accident = by chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外

by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飛機(jī)/小船/公共汽車(chē)/火車(chē)

by and by 不久以后，逐漸地

by appointment 按約定

by choice 出于選擇（比較：for choice 要選就選）

by day / night 白天/ 晚上

by fax 通過(guò)傳真

by force 靠武力

by hand = with one’s hands 手工

by law 根據(jù)法律

by mail 通過(guò)郵寄

by means of(doing)sth 通過(guò)，借助于??手段（比較：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切 by no means = in no way 決不，一點(diǎn)也不 by this means = in this way 用這種方法）by mistake = in error 由于錯(cuò)誤或疏忽，錯(cuò)誤地

by weight 按重量計(jì)算（比較：by the hour / day 按小時(shí)/天計(jì)算）by the end of 到??結(jié)束為止，到??底為止

by the nearest exit 從最近的出口出去

by the side of 在??附近by the time 到??的時(shí)候（后接狀語(yǔ)從句）by the way 順便說(shuō)，順便問(wèn)一下

[ 比較：by way of ? 經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過(guò), 通過(guò)??的方法 in a way = in one way = in some way 在某種程度上 in no way 決不, 一點(diǎn)也不

in the / sb’s way 擋道，妨礙

in this / that way 以這種/那種方式，這樣／那樣 in ? way = in the way of 以??的方式 this / that way 這樣/那樣（直接做狀語(yǔ)）

on one’s way here / there / home(adv.)在（到這里/去那里/回家）的路上 on one’s way to doing sth 即將做某事

on one’s way to someplace(n.)在去某地的路上 on the way 在路上，在來(lái)/去的行進(jìn)中

on the way home 在回家的路上，即將來(lái)臨 out of the way 不擋道

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http://004km.cn feel one’s way 摸索著道路（前進(jìn)）

fight one’s way 掙扎著前進(jìn)，經(jīng)（奮斗或努力）開(kāi)路或獲得（某事物）find one’s way to 設(shè)法找到去??的路 lose one’s way 迷路

make one’s way to 朝??走去 push one’s way 擠過(guò)去

struggle one’s way 艱難地行進(jìn)] base on sth 以??為基礎(chǔ)（比較：be based on / upon 以??為基礎(chǔ)）

beg for 乞求

become of 發(fā)生??情況，怎么啦 believe in 信賴，信任，信仰(真理，宗教，原則)，支持，贊成 bend over 彎腰，俯身

benefit from = profit by / from 從??吸取教訓(xùn)，從??中獲益 blow away 吹走

blow out 吹滅

blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹滅

brush one’s teeth 刷牙 build up 逐步建立，增進(jìn)，增加，加強(qiáng)，擴(kuò)大

burden sb / oneself with sth 加負(fù)擔(dān)于某人 / 自己

burn down 燒毀，燒成平地

burn down? to the ground 把??燒成平地 burn up 消耗，燒掉

burst into 闖入，突然破門(mén)而入 burst into sth = burst out doing 迸發(fā)，突然而猛烈地產(chǎn)生某種情況（比較：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起來(lái) burst into tears 眼淚奪眶而出 burst into cheers 突然歡呼）

burst out(doing)迸發(fā)出來(lái)，突然開(kāi)始（做）

bed time 就寢時(shí)間

Beijing Opera 京劇 before long 不久以后（比較：long before 很久以前）

belong to sb / sth 屬于某人/某事

below / above zero 零度以下/上 body building 健美

body language 身勢(shì)語(yǔ)

boiled water 開(kāi)水

both ? and ? 兩個(gè)都，既??又?? business hours 營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間

bus station / stop 汽車(chē)站/公共汽車(chē)站 but for 如果不是，倘若不是

Better late than never.遲做總比不做好。（3）Cc calculate the distance between? 計(jì)算出??的距離

calm down平靜，鎮(zhèn)定

can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

card games 紙牌游戲 care about 對(duì)??感興趣，關(guān)心，擔(dān)心（比較：care for 喜歡，關(guān)懷，照顧，照料 care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做 care to do sth 愿意做）

carry away 拿走，使入迷

carry off 奪走，攜走

carry on 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，堅(jiān)持下去

carry on research 進(jìn)行研究

carry out(an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey)開(kāi)展或執(zhí)行（實(shí)驗(yàn)/計(jì)劃/命令/調(diào)查）

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http://004km.cn cast away 拋棄

catch a glimpse of 瞥見(jiàn) catch fire = be on fire 著火，開(kāi)始燃燒

catch / find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)/發(fā)覺(jué)某人正在做某事

cause damage to? 對(duì)??造成破壞

cell phone 移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī) centre on / upon? 將??當(dāng)做重點(diǎn)或中心

（比較：centre / concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）

chain stores 連鎖店

change A for B 用A換B change A into B 把A變成B，把A轉(zhuǎn)換成B change one’s mind 改變主意

charge? for 收費(fèi)，要價(jià)

charge sth with? 使某事物充滿??（情感）（比較：be charged with 充滿??）chat on line 網(wǎng)上聊天

check in 登記，報(bào)到

check out 查明，核查，結(jié)帳

check information 審核情況

cheer sb on 為某人加油

cheer sb up 使某人高興起來(lái)，使某人振作起來(lái) chemical factory 化工廠

child laborer 童工

Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣誕卡/樹(shù)/前夕 classical music 古典音樂(lè) classify ? into ? 把??分類(lèi)成??

clean out 清除，打掃干凈 clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打掃，整理 clear up 打掃衛(wèi)生，梳理整齊，（天氣）放晴，露出喜悅的表情 close friends 密友

close down 倒閉 close up（尤指暫時(shí)）關(guān)閉，使靠近

close to 靠近，接近

combine?with? 把??和??結(jié)合起來(lái) comment on / upon? 對(duì)??進(jìn)行評(píng)論 commit the / a crime 犯罪

common sense 常識(shí)，情理 communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知曉，傳送某事物給某人

communicate with? 與??交流/聯(lián)絡(luò) compare notes 交換意見(jiàn)，交流看法 compare ? to? 把??比作?

compare with ? 與??相比

compete against? 與??相對(duì)抗 compete for? 為??而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

compete in 參加（競(jìng)賽）

compete with? 與??競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/比賽 complain of 抱怨??

computer / video games 電子游戲 congratulate sb on sth 祝賀某人某事

connect to 連接，相連（比較：be connected to 與??有關(guān)系）connect with ? 與??相連接

contribute to 有利于，貢獻(xiàn)，捐款給，為??投稿

cool off 變涼，冷卻，冷

copy sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的樣子做 cover an entire continent 覆蓋整個(gè)大陸 cover the events 采訪事件，報(bào)道事件 create a positive / negative effect 產(chǎn)生積極/消極的作用/影響

cross out 劃掉

crowd around（許多人）圍著

cultural relics / sites 文化古跡

current affairs 時(shí)事

Cheer up.振作起來(lái)。提起精神。Come on!來(lái)！快呀?。?）Dd dance to the music 伴隨音樂(lè)起舞

date from = date back to 始于??時(shí)期，追溯到

day after day 日復(fù)一日（強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)）

day by day 一天天地（強(qiáng)調(diào)逐漸變化）

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http://004km.cn day and night 日日夜夜地

deal with = do with 處理，解決，對(duì)付 depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依賴，信賴，靠??來(lái)決定 develop a lifelong friendship with sb 與某人成為終身朋友 develop the photos 沖洗照片

devote ? to? 把??貢獻(xiàn)給??，獻(xiàn)身于??，專心于?? [比較：be devoted to(doing)sth 投身于 be devoted to sb 喜歡某人] die away 逐漸消失，減弱（以至感覺(jué)不到），淡化 die down 逐漸降低，減弱，消失，平息

die from 因??而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某種具體疾?。?/p>

die of(illness, hunger, grief, etc.)因??而死，死于（疾病，饑餓，悲傷等情感內(nèi)因）

die off 一一死去，先后死去

die out = become extinct 滅絕，絕跡，消失

differ from = be different from 與??不同，區(qū)別于 dig up 挖出，掘起

dining room 餐廳 dip into sth 把??放入液體中，瀏覽，翻閱

display one’s deep sympathy 表達(dá)某人深切的同情

distinguish A from B 顯示A和B（兩者）的差別，使A和B有所不同（比較：distinguish between A and B 區(qū)別/辨別A 和B）divide ? into 把??分成，使??分隔開(kāi)

divide up 分配

double one’s efforts 加倍努力 dozens of 幾十

draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 draw attention to 對(duì)??表示注意

draw back 后退

draw up 起草，擬定

dream of 夢(mèng)到

dream of / about doing sth 夢(mèng)想做某事 dress up 化裝打扮，喬裝打扮

dress up as? 打扮／裝飾成??

drink a toast 祝酒

drink to sb / sth 為??而干杯或祝福

drive off 擊退, 把（車(chē)）開(kāi)走

drop by 訪問(wèn)，拜訪

drop in 順便走訪，拜訪

drop in on sb 順便拜訪某人

drop in at sp 順便拜訪某地 drop off 放下（某物），下車(chē)

drop out(of?)（從競(jìng)賽、活動(dòng)等）退出，輟學(xué) drop sb a line 給某人寫(xiě)短信

during the day 在白天

during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世紀(jì)80年代

during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中（5）Ee each other 互相，彼此（比較：one another 相互，彼此）

earn / make / gain a / one’s living 謀生

earn / make money 掙錢(qián)，賺錢(qián) eat up 吃完，吃光

either?or ? 或者??或者??，要么??要么?? [比較：neither ? nor ? 既不??也不??

not?but? 不是??而是??

not only ?but also? 不僅??而且??（前句用于句首時(shí)，須倒裝）] end up with ? 以??結(jié)束/告終

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn（比較：begin / start with 以??開(kāi)始 close with 以??結(jié)束/告終

end up 結(jié)束，告終，最后得到??的結(jié)局/下場(chǎng) end in failure / prison 以失敗/坐牢而告終.end in a tie 以平局結(jié)束）

engage to sb 與某人訂婚

English-speaking countries 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家 enjoy equal rights 享有平等權(quán)利

enjoy oneself 過(guò)得愉快，玩得開(kāi)心 escape from 免于/逃脫??，從??泄露出

every day 每天

everyday use 日常使用 every few years 每隔幾年

（比較：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年

every two years = every second year = every other year 每?jī)赡?，每隔一?every now and then 不時(shí)地

ever since 從??以來(lái)，從那時(shí)起

except for 除了??之外

exchange student 交換生 exist in 存在于??

experience life 體驗(yàn)生活 experiment with 進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)

explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth 向某人解釋某事

express oneself 表達(dá)自己的意思

Excuse me.對(duì)不起。Everything / All goes well.一切順利。（6）Ff face to face 面對(duì)面(比較：hand in hand 手拉手，密切關(guān)聯(lián))

fail in doing sth 沒(méi)做成某事

fail to do sth 無(wú)法做某事 fall asleep 入睡（比較：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)fall behind（成就，成績(jī)）落后于

fall down 摔下來(lái)，倒塌

fall in love with sb 愛(ài)上某人（比較：be in love with sb 與某人相愛(ài)）fall into 陷入，落入

fall off 跌落，下降

fall over 跌倒，摔倒

fall to / into pieces 垮臺(tái)，崩潰，解體，倒塌

fairy tale 童話

family name 姓氏

family tree 家譜

fax machine 傳真機(jī) far away 遙遠(yuǎn)，很遠(yuǎn)

far from? 遠(yuǎn)離??

fasten / tie ? to? 把??栓/別在??上feast on sth 宴飲，盡情地享受??

feed ? on 喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)（比較：feed on / upon ? 以??為食）

feel down 感到悶悶不樂(lè)

feel like doing sth 想做某事 feel well / terrible / better / weak 感覺(jué)好/糟/好些/虛弱 fight against 與??作斗爭(zhēng)／打架／打仗 fight for sth 為??而斗爭(zhēng)，爭(zhēng)取獲得某事物 fight over 為??而戰(zhàn)，因??而爭(zhēng)吵/爭(zhēng)斗

fight sb / sth off 抗擊某人/某事物，擊退某人/某事物 fight with 與??并肩作戰(zhàn)

figure out 理解，想明白，算出

fill in 填空，填寫(xiě) fill out 把??填好

fill with 用??填充 fill A with B 把B裝進(jìn)A里，把A裝滿B fill up with? 用??裝滿

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http://004km.cn find out 獲知，查明，查出，弄明白，發(fā)現(xiàn)，了解

fire escapes 安全梯

fire exit 安全出口 first aid 急救

fish farms 漁場(chǎng) fit in 被他人接受，相處融洽

fit in(with sb / sth)與（某人/某事物）相適應(yīng)/相協(xié)調(diào) fix a time / date for 為??確定時(shí)間/日期

fix up 搭起，安裝，修理，修補(bǔ)

folk song 民歌

follow customs 隨俗，按照習(xí)慣

follow sb’s instructions 遵從某人的指示

follow / take sb’s advice 聽(tīng)某人的勸告 follow the rules 按照規(guī)則去做 forget about 忘記了

for a period of several weeks / months 在幾周/幾個(gè)月的一段時(shí)間里 for ever = for good 永遠(yuǎn)

for example = for instance 例如(比較：such as ? 例如??，像??這樣)for free = free of charge = without payment 免費(fèi)（比較：at one’s own charge / expense 自費(fèi)）

for once 就這/那一次

for one thing?, for another 首先??，其次??

for the first time 第一次，初次，首先

[比較：at first = in / at the beginning 起初，首先 at first sight 第一眼，乍一看，初見(jiàn)之下 first of all 第一，首先，最重要

in the first place（用于列舉理由時(shí)）首先，第一，原先 the first time 第一次，初次（后接狀語(yǔ)從句）] for the reason 因?yàn)?/p>

for the sake of 由于，為了??的利益，為了??起見(jiàn) free from 不受??的影響，沒(méi)有??的

from now on 從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始，今后 from then on = from that moment on 從那時(shí)起 from ? to ? 從??到??

from time to time 有時(shí)，不時(shí)，偶爾 from one country to another = from country to country 從一個(gè)國(guó)家到另一個(gè)國(guó)家 from one generation to another 一代接一代地

full dress 盛裝

further education 進(jìn)修，深造（7）Gg gain weight = put on weight 發(fā)福，增加體重，增肥（比較：lose weight 減肥）gas station 加油站

generally speaking 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，一般來(lái)說(shuō) gift money 壓歲錢(qián)

given / first name 名字 glance at 匆匆一瞥

glare at 怒視

graduate from? 畢業(yè)于??

greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng) green tea 綠茶

grow up 生長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大 grow up to be? 長(zhǎng)大后成為??

Good luck!祝你好運(yùn)！Good morning / afternoon / evening!早上/下午/晚上好?。?）Hh had better(do)最好（做）

hand down 流傳下去 hand in 交上去，提出，面交

hand out 散發(fā)，分發(fā)，發(fā)放

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http://004km.cn hang on 等一等，別掛電話

hang up 掛斷電話 hang out（俚語(yǔ)）閑逛

harmony with others 與其他人和睦相處，與其他人相處和諧

hear about / of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)，知道

hear from sb 收到某人來(lái)信

heart and soul 全心全意地

here and there 各處，處處，四處

help sb out 救助，幫助某人解決困難，幫助某人擺脫困境

help sb with sth 幫助某人做某事

high school 中學(xué)，高中

hit sb on the head / in the face 打某人的頭部/臉部

hold／keep / stick to 堅(jiān)持，忠于

hold together 連在一起，團(tuán)結(jié)一致 home cooking 家常做法

home village 家鄉(xiāng)

hope / wish for 希望得到，對(duì)??懷著希望

host the Olympic Games 主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)

hour after hour 一小時(shí)又一小時(shí) how many / much 多少（可數(shù)名詞）/多少錢(qián)（或不可數(shù)名詞）

how far 多遠(yuǎn)

how long多久

how often 多久一次，多常

how old 幾歲

human being 人，人類(lèi)

hundreds of 幾百，成百上千的

hunt animals 狩獵

hunt for = search for 搜尋，尋找

hurry up 趕快，快點(diǎn)

Hands up.舉起手來(lái)。

Help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)隨便吃。

How are you? 你（身體）好嗎？ How do you do!你好！

How is it going? 情況怎么樣？ Here you are.給你。（比較： There you are.你來(lái)了。）（9）Ii ice cream 冰淇淋

iced tea 冰茶

ice skating 滑冰

ID card 身份證 if necessary = if it is necessary 如果需要的話

if only 要是??就好了（常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣）impress on sb 給某人留下好印象

（比較：be impressed by / with 對(duì)??留下印象）in a few days = in a few days’ time 幾天后

in a flash 立刻，很快，立即

in a good mood 心情好

in a hurry = hurriedly 匆忙地

in a row 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地，連續(xù)不斷地 in a slightest 一點(diǎn)也，根本

in a ? state 處在??的狀態(tài)/情況下 in a straight line 沿著直線

in a very short while 馬上，立刻 in a whisper 小聲地

in a word 總之，簡(jiǎn)言之，一句話

（比較：in other words 換句話說(shuō)，換言之 in one’s own words 用自己的話說(shuō)）

in an act of revenge 作為報(bào)復(fù)

in all = in total = altogether 總共，總之 in class 在課堂上

in common 共同，共有 in condition = in good health 身體好，身體健康（比較：out of condition = in poor health身體不好 in bad / good condition 處于壞的/好的狀態(tài)）in darkness 處于一片漆黑

in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中

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http://004km.cn（比較：out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)

in danger of 面臨??的危險(xiǎn)）

in debt 欠債

in demand 有需要的 in detail 詳細(xì)地

in disorder 混亂 in English 用英語(yǔ)（表達(dá)）

in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上 in general 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，通常

in history 在歷史上 in hospital / prison / church 住院/坐牢/做禮拜 in ? order = in order of 按順序

in order to do = so as to do 以便，為了，為的是（so as to do不置于句首）

in peace = peacefully 安靜，寧?kù)o

in public 當(dāng)眾，公開(kāi)地，公然，在公共場(chǎng)所 in return 作為回報(bào)

（比較：in turn 轉(zhuǎn)而，反過(guò)來(lái)，輪流）

in silence 安靜地，無(wú)聲地

in society 在社會(huì)上 in space 在太空（比較：in outer space 在外層空間，在外太空）in store 貯藏著，準(zhǔn)備著，就要來(lái)到

in style 流行的，時(shí)髦的

（比較：out of style = out of fashion = out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的 come into fashion = be in fashion 流行的）in surprise / astonishment 吃驚，驚訝地 in time 及時(shí)（比較：on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)）

in trouble 處于困境中

in use 在使用中 in vain 徒勞，白辛苦

in chains（指囚犯）用鏈鎖住的，不自由，被囚禁

in ruins 成為廢墟

in tears 哭泣，掉淚 in other aspects 從其他方面

（比較：in terms of 就??而言

in large amounts 大批地，大量地

in the eyes of 在??看來(lái))in anxiety of 擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂 in case of 假使，以防

（比較：in case 萬(wàn)一，以免

in that case 既然那樣，假若是那樣的話）in front of 在（某人/某物）前面

（比較：in the front of 在??的前部 in front 在前方，在正對(duì)面）

in honour of 出于對(duì)??的敬意，為慶祝/紀(jì)念??

in praise of 稱贊，贊賞

in search of 尋找 in spite of = despite = regardless of 盡管，不管

in view of 鑒于，考慮到，由于

in want / need of ? 需要，缺少?? in agreement with 與??意見(jiàn)一致

in conversation with 與??談話中 in harmony with 與??協(xié)調(diào)

in relation to 與??有關(guān)的 in reply to 回答，答復(fù)，回應(yīng)

in exchange for 交換，互換 in the direction of 朝??的方向（比較：in all directions 四面八方）

in the form of 以??的形式

in the heart of 在??的中心/核心部分

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http://004km.cn in the hope of(doing)sth 抱著（做某事）的希望

in the name of 以??的名義，代表（比較：name ? after 給??取名，命名）in the process of 在??的過(guò)程中

in the day / daytime 在白天 in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后，終于 in the future 在未來(lái)，將來(lái)（比較：in future 以后，今后）in / during / over the last / past ten years 在過(guò)去的十年

in the past = in the old days 在過(guò)去

in / during the rush hour 在交通高峰期

in ancient / modern times 在古代/現(xiàn)代

in the air 在空中 in the open air 在戶外

in the rain 在雨中，冒雨 in the shade 在陰涼處

in the sun 在太陽(yáng)下

in the wild 在野外，在自然環(huán)境下

in one’s(personal)opinion 依某人之見(jiàn) in one’s teens 十幾歲時(shí)

in one’s youth 年輕時(shí)

information desk 問(wèn)訊處

instead of? 代替??，而不是??，作為??的替換（比較：rather than 而不是）insist on sth / doing sth 堅(jiān)持某事/堅(jiān)持做某事

intend to do sth 打算做某事

intend sth for ? 把某物供給??用（比較：sth be intended for? 供??用）involve sb in? 使某人參加，使某人陷入??（困境），使某人牽涉到??（比較：be involved in? 參與，有關(guān)聯(lián)，忙于某事）It depends.=That / It(all)depends.要看情況而定。

I dare say?.我認(rèn)為??。我估計(jì)??。I’m sorry.對(duì)不起。（10）Jj join hands 攜手，聯(lián)手，合伙

join in 參加，加入

join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起做某事 join the line 排隊(duì) join up 聯(lián)合起來(lái)

judge sb by sth 依據(jù)某事物判斷某人，斷定，認(rèn)為（比較：be judged by 靠??來(lái)判斷）junk food 垃圾食品

just as 恰如 just now 剛才，現(xiàn)在just so-so 一般 just then 正在那時(shí)（11）Kk kick the habit 戒除某嗜好

kind of 稍微，有點(diǎn)兒 know about 對(duì)??了解

know of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)

（12）L labor force 勞動(dòng)力

lack of sleep 缺少睡眠

later on 后來(lái)，隨后，以后

laugh at 嘲笑，譏笑

lay down one’s life 獻(xiàn)出生命

lay off 解雇，不理會(huì)，使下崗

lay the table 擺桌子

lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 過(guò)著舒適的/活躍的生活 lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事

lead to = result in 通往，導(dǎo)致

learn about? 了解，學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)??知識(shí) learn ?(all)by himself = teach ?oneself 自學(xué)?? learn from? 向??學(xué)習(xí)，從??中學(xué)習(xí)

leave alone 不管，不打擾，不理會(huì)，隨??去

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http://004km.cn leave behind 忘帶，留下

leave out 省略，刪掉，不考慮 leave sb by himself 把某人獨(dú)自留下

leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 離開(kāi)學(xué)校，輟學(xué)，畢業(yè) less than 少于，不足

let down 不支持，使失望，使沮喪 let in 放進(jìn)，讓??進(jìn)來(lái)

let out 放掉，泄露，發(fā)出(聲音)lie down 躺下

lie in 在于，位于 lie to sb 對(duì)某人撒謊

light bulb 電燈泡

light a fire 點(diǎn)火

light up 照亮，使放光彩，點(diǎn)上（煙）吸起來(lái) limit ? to ? 把??限制在??

listen to 聽(tīng)??

little by little 逐漸地

live in poverty 生活在貧困線上 live life on the go 過(guò)著忙碌的生活

live on 以??為主食，靠??謀生，繼續(xù)存在，繼續(xù)活著

live one’s dream = try to realize one’s dream 努力實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想 live through 活過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)（困難，危險(xiǎn)）之后仍舊活著 live up to 依據(jù)??行事，做到，不辜負(fù)（期望）

live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜負(fù)某人的期望 live with 忍受，與??一起住

lock sb up 將某人監(jiān)禁起來(lái)，將某人鎖于某處不得進(jìn)出 lose control = be out of control 失去控制

lose heart 失去信心，泄氣，灰心 lose one’s life 犧牲某人的生命 lose one’s sight / voice 失明 / 失聲

Let me see.讓我想想。（13）Mm major in 主修，專研

match ?with ? 把??和??相配 main course 主菜

man-made satellite 人造衛(wèi)星

means of transport 交通方式 medical care 醫(yī)療保健

midfield player 中場(chǎng)球員

Middle East 中東

millions of 成百上千萬(wàn)

miss one’s turn 錯(cuò)過(guò)

mistake / take A for B 錯(cuò)把A當(dāng)成B mix up 混合在一起

mix ?with ? 把??和??混合 mobile phone 可移動(dòng)電話 morning paper 晨報(bào)

movie stars 電影名星

more and more 越來(lái)越多

more or less 或多或少

more than = not only 不僅，不只，多于，十分（比較：more A than B 與其說(shuō)B，不如說(shuō)是A no more than = only 僅僅，只不過(guò) not more than 不超過(guò)，至多）most of 大多數(shù)

multiply ? by ? ??乘以??

musical styles 音樂(lè)風(fēng)格 My goodness!天?。。?4）Nn native language = mother tongue 母語(yǔ)

neck and neck 并駕齊驅(qū)，不分上下，不相上下

next time 下次

next to 緊接著，相鄰，在旁邊，次于

nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九

no doubt 無(wú)疑地 no longer / more = not?any longer / more 不再，已不

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http://004km.cn no matter 不論??，無(wú)論??

not as / so? as 不像，不如

not at all = not a bit 一點(diǎn)也不，絕非（比較：not a little = very much 很，非常）not later than 不遲于

not ?till / until? 直到??才?? now and then 偶爾，時(shí)而

now that 既然

Nice to meet / meeting you.很高興見(jiàn)到你。（15）Oo obey / break the rules 遵守／違反規(guī)定 obey / observe the law 遵守法律 object to 反對(duì)

occur to sb 使某人突然想到 offer advice about / on ? 提出關(guān)于??的建議

of course 當(dāng)然

of late = lately 最近，近來(lái)

of one’s own 屬于自己的（比較：on one’s own = by oneself 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)地）on a large scale 大規(guī)模地，大范圍地 on a team 在一隊(duì)/組，加入一隊(duì)/組 on(an / the)average平均，按平均計(jì)算 on an open fire 露營(yíng)

on all sides 在各方面，到處

on and on 不停地，不斷地

on condition that = if 如果

on board 在（船/飛機(jī)）上

on business 出差

on display 展覽，陳列 [比較：on show 展出，在上演（放映）] on duty 值日，值班

on earth 在地球上，究竟 on end 直立，豎立

on foot 步行

on holiday 在度假

on purpose = by accident 故意地 on sale 上市，出售，廉價(jià)出售，減價(jià) on watch 值班，守望

on the air 正在播出的

on the contrary 相反地，反之

on the front page 在頭版

on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四處奔走 on the Internet 在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上

on the march 在游行

on the phone 在通話，用電話交流 on the point of 就在??的時(shí)候

on / over the radio 通過(guò)收音機(jī)

on the top of 在??的頂端

on one’s arrival / return（某人）一到達(dá)/回來(lái)

on(the)one hand?, on the other hand ? 一方面, 另一方面

once in a while 偶爾，有時(shí)

once more / again 再一次

once upon a time 從前，很早以前 one day（過(guò)去/將來(lái)）有一天，某一天 one after another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)

one by one 一個(gè)一個(gè)地，逐一 one-child policy 獨(dú)生子女政策

opera house 歌劇院，藝術(shù)劇院 open up 打開(kāi)，開(kāi)啟，開(kāi)創(chuàng)，開(kāi)辟，開(kāi)設(shè)，開(kāi)放

operate on sb 給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)

opposite to 在??對(duì)面 or else 否則，要不然

or rather 或者

or so 大約，??左右

ought to 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該

out of 由??里面向外，在??之外

out of breath 上氣不接下氣

out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn) out of order 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不正常，出毛病

out of work 失業(yè)

out of one’s reach 夠不著

over and over again 多次，反復(fù)地，一再 over there 在那邊

owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把??歸功于，感謝，欠（債）owe thanks to sb for sth 因?yàn)槟呈赂兄x某人

（16）Pp parking lot 停車(chē)場(chǎng)

pay phone（投幣式）公用電話

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http://004km.cn pen friend / pal 筆友

pencil case 文具盒，鉛筆盒

pencil sharpener 轉(zhuǎn)筆刀，削筆刀 people with disabilities = disabled people 殘疾人

personal affair 隱私

persist in 堅(jiān)持

phone number 電話號(hào)碼

physical education 體育

pile of(homework)一大堆（作業(yè)），一大批，一大團(tuán)

places of(great)interest 名勝

pop music 流行音樂(lè)

post office 郵電局

play against ? 同??比賽

play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色

play a part / role in ? 在??中起作用 play a trick on sb 開(kāi)某人的玩笑，耍弄某人 play football / basketball 踢足球／打籃球

play the piano 彈鋼琴

play with 玩耍，游戲

primary school = elementary school 小學(xué) point at 指示，指向

point to 指向

point out 指出，使注意

prefer A to B 相比B更喜歡A

prepare sth 準(zhǔn)備

prepare for sth 為某事做好準(zhǔn)備

prepare sb for sth 使某人為某事做好準(zhǔn)備 produce / make electricity 發(fā)電

protect sb from / against ? 保護(hù)某人免受??(傷害等)provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 為某人提供某物

（比較：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 給某人提供某物 offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 為某人主動(dòng)提供某物）

pull down 拆毀，拆除，摧毀，推翻

pull on 隨便穿上 pull out of 從??中退出，（火車(chē)）駛離車(chē)站，從??拉出來(lái) pull sb up 把??往上拉，把??拉上來(lái)

push open 推開(kāi)

push(sth)over（使車(chē)船等）閃到一邊 pros and cons 贊成與反對(duì)，正面和反面 pretty well 相當(dāng)好，幾乎，差不多（17）Qq quarrel with sb(about sth)（因某事）和某人吵架/爭(zhēng)吵 quite a few 許多，大量

quite a lot / a bit 許多，大量（18）Rr raise money for(good cause)為（做好事）而籌款

rank high / low 排名高/排名低

rank third 位居第三

rather than 寧可，而不是，非，與其??寧愿??

raw material 原料

record card 成績(jī)單

record holder 記錄保持者 reach out(for sth)伸手去（拿，碰）

reach out(to sth)伸出手以觸到或抓到、拿到某物

read about 讀到有關(guān)??

receive / get one’s doctor’s degree 獲得博士學(xué)位

recommend ? to sb 向某人推薦??

refer to 提到，查詢，參閱，指的是，談到，涉及，有關(guān)

relate to 理解，同情，涉及，與??有關(guān)（比較：be related to 與??有關(guān)聯(lián)/關(guān)系）remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事 reply to 答復(fù) respond to 回應(yīng)，反映，響應(yīng)

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http://004km.cn result in 產(chǎn)生某種作用或結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致 [比較：result from 由于，（因而）發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)] return to normal 恢復(fù)正常

ring back 給某人回電話

ring off 掛斷電話，停止講話

ring up sb = ring sb up 給某人打電話 rise / come to fame 成名

roll over 翻滾，倒轉(zhuǎn) round up 使集合在一起，使聚攏

rock band 搖滾樂(lè)隊(duì)

roller skating 滑旱冰

running water 自來(lái)水 ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使??變成廢墟 run after 追趕，追求，追逐，在??之后跑

run at 沖向，向??攻擊

run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控

run away from school =drop out of school 逃學(xué) run for 競(jìng)選

run into / across = come across = meet ?by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇見(jiàn) run off 跑掉，迅速離開(kāi)

run out of sth 用完?? [比較：(sth)run out 耗盡，用光，用完] run over 壓死，看一遍，跑過(guò)去

run a business 做生意

run / start a restaurant 開(kāi)餐館

rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦樂(lè)乎，使某人忙得不可開(kāi)交 rush out 沖出去

rush through 掠過(guò)，快速通過(guò)（19）Ss satisfy / meet the needs of ? 滿足??的需要

save money 存錢(qián)

save sb’s life 挽救某人的生命

say “no” to ? 拒絕，否認(rèn)，不同意 say thanks to ? 向??表示感謝 say to oneself 心里想，自言自語(yǔ)

school day 學(xué)校上課時(shí)

school play 校園劇

school things 學(xué)習(xí)用具

school / field trip 郊游

search for 搜查，尋找，查找

self rescue 自救

see for oneself 自己去看，親眼看

see sb off 為某人送行（比較：meet sb 接某人）

see to 處理，料理，照顧

see to it that?= make sure that? 確保，務(wù)使

seek after 追求

seek for 尋找

sell out 賣(mài)完，出賣(mài)

sense of responsibility 責(zé)任感 sentence / beat sb to death 判處某人死刑 / 把某人打死 separate ? from ? 把??和??分離開(kāi)

serve as 作為，當(dāng)作

serve in the army 服役

serve the dishes 上菜

serve the people 為人民服務(wù) settle an argument about? 解決關(guān)于??的爭(zhēng)論 settle down 定下心來(lái)，安家落戶，定居，平靜下來(lái)

settle for 勉強(qiáng)同意，接受

settle in（使）習(xí)慣（環(huán)境等），定居 settle up 付清，結(jié)賬

shake hands with sb 和某人握手 share(in)sth 分享

share sth with sb 與某人分享?? shop assistsant 售貨員

short wave 短波 shoot at 向??射擊

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http://004km.cn shout at(sb)沖(某人)嚷嚷 [比較：smile at(sb)沖（某人）笑]

show off 炫耀

show up 出席，露面

show respect for sb 對(duì)某人表示尊敬

show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事

show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人進(jìn)來(lái)

show sb to the door 帶某人到門(mén)口

shut down 關(guān)閉，把??關(guān)上

shut up 閉嘴

silver screen 銀幕

sign an agreement with? 與??達(dá)成協(xié)議

sit down = be seated 坐著，坐下

sit up 熬夜

side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持 social problems 社會(huì)問(wèn)題

soft drink 清涼飲料，軟飲料

solar system 太陽(yáng)系

soup opera 肥皂劇，連續(xù)劇

so far = up till now 到目前為止

some day 將來(lái)某一天，來(lái)日

some ? , others ? 一些??，另一些?? sooner or later 遲早，終歸

sound like 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像?? space / train station 太空／火車(chē)站

speed skating 速滑 speak about 談?wù)?，交?/p>

speak against 發(fā)表抨擊

speak of 談到

speak out 大膽講出 speak to 談話，與??通話

speed by 飛馳而過(guò) speed up 加快速度（比較：slow down 減緩，減速，慢下來(lái)）spend ?(in)doing sth 花（錢(qián)，時(shí)間）做某事

spend ?on sth 在??花費(fèi)（錢(qián)，時(shí)間）spread out 伸開(kāi)，鋪開(kāi)

stage name 藝名

standing room 立足之地

stone by stone 一塊石頭一塊石頭地

straight away 立刻地，毫不猶豫地 stare at 凝視，盯著看

start a fire 引起火災(zāi)

starve to death 餓死

stay away 不在家，外出

stay away from? 與??保持距離 stay the same = remain the same 保持不變 stay up 挺住，站立，開(kāi)夜車(chē)，醒著，不睡，熬夜

stick to 粘住，堅(jiān)持，忠于

stick with 繼續(xù)支持，保持聯(lián)系 stop doing sth 停止做某事

[比較：stop to do sth 停下來(lái)做某事

stop ?(from)doing sth 阻止??做某事]

strike at 向??襲擊／打擊

struggle against? 同??做斗爭(zhēng)

struggle to one’s feet 掙扎著站起來(lái)

struggle to do sth 掙扎著（竭力去）做某事

succeed in? 在??獲成功

（比較：succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth成功地做了某事）suffer from? 受??苦

suit ? to ? 使??適合于?? support / raise the family 養(yǎng)家

surf the internet 上網(wǎng)沖浪 sweep away（風(fēng)）吹走,（浪）卷走 sweep down 吹倒，席卷，沖倒

sweep the floor 掃地

switch on /off 開(kāi)/關(guān)（電燈、機(jī)器等）swimming pool 游泳池

Say “Hi” to sb for me.= Give my regards to sb =Remember me to sb 代我向某人問(wèn)好。

Say goodbye to sb 向某人告辭/告別。See you soon / later.再見(jiàn)。（20）Tt

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http://004km.cn table manners 餐桌禮節(jié)，用餐規(guī)矩

table tennis 乒乓球（運(yùn)動(dòng)）talent show 天才表演

tape recorder 磁帶錄音機(jī)

talk show 訪談節(jié)目

talk about 談?wù)摚徽?，議論

talk of 談到

talk ? through（充分）討論，詳細(xì)討論 talk to 與某人交談／談話

talk with 和??交談

telephone booth 電話亭

telephone number 電話號(hào)碼

tennis racket 網(wǎng)球拍

tear at 用力撕

tear down 拆毀，拆除

tear sth into pieces 把某物撕成碎片 tear up 撕毀，取消（合同）

tell a lie 說(shuō)謊

tell ? apart 識(shí)別，辨別，區(qū)分開(kāi)

tell? from? 把??和??分開(kāi) tell the truth 說(shuō)真話

tell the difference between A and B 說(shuō)出/分辨A和B 的區(qū)別 tend to 趨于，朝某方向

test on 在??做實(shí)驗(yàn)

test the blood 驗(yàn)血

Thanksgiving Day 感恩節(jié)

thanks for?因?yàn)??而感謝

thanks to? 多虧了，幸虧，由于，因?yàn)?/p>

（比較：due to = owing to = because of 由于，因?yàn)椋﹖han usual 比平常??

the Antartic 南極 [比較：the South / North(Pole)南/北極] the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋

（比較：the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Indian Ocean 印度洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

the Yellow River 黃河）

the butterfly 蝶泳

the Capital Stadium 首都體育館 [比較：the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城

the Palace Museum 故宮（博物館）

the People’s Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó)（簡(jiǎn)稱PRC）] the day after tomorrow 后天

the day before yesterday 前天 the entrance to ??的入口

(the)long / high jump 跳遠(yuǎn)/高

the Maglev Train 磁懸浮列車(chē) the majority / minority of people 大多數(shù)/少數(shù)人

the(more)?, the(more)? 越??，越??

the next morning 第二天早上

the other day 前幾天，某日 the other way around 相反地，用相反方式

the Olympic Games / the Olympics 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)

the problem with ? 關(guān)于??的問(wèn)題

the same as 與??同樣的 the same to 對(duì)??也一樣

the United Kingdom 英國(guó)

the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó)

the United States 美國(guó) the way to do sth / of doing sth 做??的方法

the working people 工人，勞動(dòng)人民

the World Championship 世錦賽

this very night 就在這個(gè)晚上

thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)

Three Gorges Dam Project 三峽大壩工程 three meters deep = three metres in depth 三

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through thick and thin 不顧艱難

throw light upon / on 闡明某事，使某事顯得很清楚

throw about 四處亂扔

throw at 向??扔去

throw away 扔掉

throw up 吐出（事物），嘔吐

tie A to B 把A 綁在B 上

tie ? up 系，栓，捆 tie up(one’s hair)= do up(one’s hair)（頭發(fā)）扎起來(lái)

tire out 筋疲力盡

tire oneself out 使自己疲憊不堪 time and time again = over and over again 多次，不斷地，反復(fù)

time area 時(shí)區(qū)

toast to the New Year 為新年干杯

to begin with = to start with 首先，作為開(kāi)始，第一點(diǎn) to be honest = honestly speaking 老實(shí)說(shuō)，說(shuō)實(shí)在的

to make matters / things worse = worse still 使事情/情況更困難/危險(xiǎn)，更糟糕的是 to ? degree 達(dá)到??程度

to one’s knowledge 據(jù)某人所知 to one’s regret / sorrow / surprise / joy 使某人遺憾/悲傷/驚訝/高興的是 to the north of 在??以北

to the point 中肯，扼要，切中要害 too many 太多

too much 太多，過(guò)分，太 too ? to = so ? that 太??以至于不能 tongue twister 繞口令

track and field 田徑

traffic lights 交通指揮燈，紅綠燈 travel agent 旅行社

trial and error 反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，不斷探索 trade for 交易

trade in 以交易方式購(gòu)入

trade ? with sb 與某人做??交易（買(mǎi)賣(mài)）

transform ? into? 把??轉(zhuǎn)變成?? treat sb badly 虐待

treat sb to sth 請(qǐng)某人吃?? trip over（被??）絆倒

trust(in)= have trust in = rely on 信賴，信任 try on 試穿（衣，鞋，帽等），試試看，耍弄（花招）

try out 試驗(yàn)，嘗試，試用

try one’s best 竭盡所能 TV series 電視連續(xù)劇

TV station 電視臺(tái)

twice the size of 是??的兩倍之大

Thank goodness!謝天謝地！

This way, please.請(qǐng)走這邊。

It’s time to do?.該做??了。（21）Uu under arrest 被拘留

under attack / fire 被攻擊 under construction / control / discussion 在建設(shè)／控制／討論中 under repairs 在修理中

under the command of 在某人控制之下，在??的指揮下

under the direction of 在??的指導(dǎo)下 unite as one 團(tuán)結(jié)一致

upside down 顛倒著，倒轉(zhuǎn)著

up and down 來(lái)回，上上下下，來(lái)來(lái)往往 up to 正在做，從事于，大約，多達(dá) up to date 現(xiàn)代的，時(shí)新的，據(jù)目前所知的 use up?.用完??，用盡??（22）Vv VCD player 影碟播放機(jī)

very much = a lot 很，非常，十分（23）Ww wait for 等待，等候

wait / stand in queue = wait / stand in line 排隊(duì)等侯

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http://004km.cn waiting room 等候(候車(chē))室

wake up 醒來(lái)

wake sb up 把某人吵/叫醒

walk / run up to = go / come up to 上前去 want all day off 請(qǐng)假一整天 wash away 沖走

wash down 沖走，沖垮

washing machine 洗衣機(jī)

watch out(for?)留神，提防，注意

watch over 看守，照看 watch TV 看電視

wear away 磨掉，消耗

wear out 穿破，把??穿舊，磨壞，使??疲勞 [比較：be worn out（衣服等）穿破/被損壞，（人）疲憊不堪/感到疲勞] what else 而且

what if? 倘使??將會(huì)怎樣，如果??將會(huì)怎樣

win ? prize 獲得??獎(jiǎng)

win the first place（比賽）得了第一名

win sb 把某人爭(zhēng)取過(guò)來(lái)（比較：beat / defeat sb 打敗某人）

wipe out 去除，消滅

wish each other good luck 互相祝福

wish ? every success 祝?? 成功 without a sound 悄無(wú)聲息地 without limit 無(wú)限地

without luck 運(yùn)氣不好 with the help of＝with sb’s help 在??的幫助下

with the purpose of 有??的目的wonder at 對(duì)??感到驚訝

word for word 逐字地

work as an actress 做女演員

work at 從事，致力于，干??活動(dòng)（研究）

work on ? 繼續(xù)工作，從事于??，忙于??，不斷做?? work out 算出，解決，想出（辦法），制定（計(jì)劃），結(jié)局，至最后 work with ? 對(duì)??起作用

work permit 工作許可證 worry about 為??擔(dān)心，煩惱

would like 想要（婉轉(zhuǎn)表達(dá)個(gè)人的想法、看法）would rather 寧愿，寧可

wrap sth in 用??把某物包起來(lái)

wrap up 包好，偽裝

write down 記下，寫(xiě)下

write to 寫(xiě)信給

Well done / said!干得好/說(shuō)得好！

What a pity!多可惜！真遺憾！

What a shame!太不好意思了！太遺憾了！What / How about?? ??怎么樣？??好不好？ What becomes of ? ？ ??變得怎樣了？

What kind ?? 何種??？

What time ?? 幾點(diǎn)??？

What’s on? 發(fā)生了什么事？ What’s the population of ?? ??有多少人口？ What’s up? 怎么啦？

What’s wrong / the matter? 怎么了？

Would you mind?? 你介意??嗎？（24）Yy year after year 年復(fù)一年，年年，每年（重復(fù)）year by year 一年年（逐漸變化）Young Pioneer 少先隊(duì)員

You’re welcome.不用謝。不客氣。（25）Zz zebra crossing 斑馬線

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第四篇：2012屆高考英語(yǔ) 全國(guó)通用考前沖刺押題語(yǔ)法專題系列動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

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http://004km.cn 全國(guó)通用2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺押題語(yǔ)法專題系列動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)

態(tài)

名師押題：

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

【押題1】With our society developing，the level of life in our eountry greatly recently．

A．has been rose B．has been raised C．had rose D．rose 【解題指導(dǎo)】此題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別之一：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同。一般過(guò)去時(shí)，常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞連用(表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與表在造成的影響或結(jié)果。因此解題的關(guān)鍵是：結(jié)合句意判斷這個(gè)動(dòng)作有無(wú)影響。

【押題指數(shù)】★★★★

【解析】A。過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響就隱藏在句中：How clean they ale!也就是說(shuō)你的打掃使得房間清潔，強(qiáng)調(diào)”你的打掃”的影響和結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

【押題3】一I haven“seen you for ages．Haven’t you graduated from college?一Yes，——English four’years in Seijing．

A．study B．have studied C．a(chǎn)m studying D．studied 【解題指導(dǎo)】此題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別之三：過(guò)去時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。結(jié)合句意判斷動(dòng)作是否持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在是解題的根本所在?！狙侯}指數(shù)】★★★★

【解析】D?！癥es”表明“已經(jīng)畢業(yè)”，也就是說(shuō)，“已不在北京學(xué)習(xí)”，即動(dòng)作沒(méi)有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。近三年全國(guó)各地區(qū)考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別的題目有10道。

【押題4】I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn’t spare my time，for I

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http://004km.cn a composition which I had to hand in this morning．

A．wrote B．was writing C．had written D．have’written 【解題指導(dǎo)】結(jié)合句意判斷動(dòng)作是否完成是解題的關(guān)鍵?！狙侯}指數(shù)】★★★★

【解析】B。結(jié)合句意”我昨晚想幫你可是抽不出時(shí)間，因?yàn)樽蛲砦以趯?xiě)一篇作文，這

合考查的。如2010年全國(guó)有6個(gè)地區(qū)考查了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。

【押題6】Clothes made of this material comfortably，but easily． A．wear；aren’t washed B．a(chǎn)re’worn；don’t wash C．wear；don’t wash D．a(chǎn)re worn；aren’t washed 【解題指導(dǎo)】考生要弄清何時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義：

1．表示感覺(jué)、感官的系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞時(shí)。

2．某些動(dòng)詞，如sell，write，wash與副詞連用，表示事物的特征時(shí)。

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3．want，need，require表示”需要”時(shí)，其后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。幾種將來(lái)時(shí)間表達(dá)法的區(qū)別

近三年全國(guó)各地區(qū)考查將來(lái)時(shí)間表達(dá)法比較的題目多達(dá)9道。如2009年江蘇卷考查了will be going to表將來(lái)的用法區(qū)別?！狙侯}8】Whatever may happen，go on until you succeed，and you what life is about． A．should know B．must know C．have known D．will know 【解題指導(dǎo)】考生應(yīng)弄清以下幾種將來(lái)時(shí)間表達(dá)法的區(qū)別：

1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，僅用于少數(shù)短暫性動(dòng)詞。2．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。

3．在”祈使句+and／or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，and／or后的句子用”will+動(dòng)詞原形”。解題時(shí)，考生首先要弄清每一種”將來(lái)時(shí)間表達(dá)法”的適用情境，然后結(jié)合語(yǔ)境作出判斷?！狙侯}指數(shù)】★★★

【解析】D。此句符合”祈使句+and／or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中and／or后的句子用”will+動(dòng)詞原形”，故答案為D。

【押題9】一Did you tell Julia about the result? 一Oh，I forgot.her now．

A．called B．will call C．a(chǎn)in going to call D．has called 【解題指導(dǎo)】解題的關(guān)鍵是弄清will，be going to表將來(lái)的區(qū)別：如果主語(yǔ)的意圖事

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2、（2012年鄭州市高中畢業(yè)年級(jí)第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)英語(yǔ)）I can’t believe that you got fined for speeding.I ______ of you as a careful driver.A．think B．a(chǎn)m thinking C．thought D．have thought 【答案】C 【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我難以相信你會(huì)因?yàn)槌傩旭偙涣P款。我本以為你是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)。由句意可知，“認(rèn)為”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，thought 表示“本以為”。

3、（北京市東城區(qū)2012屆高三第一學(xué)期期末教學(xué)統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)）If you ring the doorbell when visiting our home, you ______ by our dog.A．will be greeted B．will greet C．were greeted 【答案】A D．greeted 【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：你來(lái)我家如果按響門(mén)鈴，我家的狗會(huì)迎接你的。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。來(lái)拜訪應(yīng)該是被迎

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5、—Excuse me.but I wonder if Joan is available at 3：30 this afternoon.—I’m afraid she _____________ Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.A.will watch B.will be watching C.is to watch D.is watching 【答案】 B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)問(wèn)話中的this afternoon可知是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，語(yǔ)意表示在三點(diǎn)半這個(gè)時(shí)刻Joan將正在看《哈利波特與魔法石》，所以用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。

6、.—I________the book till now.—No worry.You may have left it at home.A.hadn’t found B.don’t find C.won’t find D.haven’t found 【答案】 D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由句中的till now可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示“我的書(shū)到現(xiàn)在都沒(méi)找到”，所以答案選D項(xiàng)。

7、—Thank you for your coffee.—But you_______ it.A.didn’t drink B.aren’t drinking C.don’t drink D.hadn’t drunk 【答案】 A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。語(yǔ)意：“謝謝你的咖啡?！薄暗?剛才)并沒(méi)有喝?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)意可知空處表示的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

8、（山東省濰坊東營(yíng)淄博濱州四市2012屆高三聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)）—What do you think of the Eiffel Tower? —Splendid.When I was in France, I ______ it.A．have visited C．could visit B．had visited D．visited 【答案】D 【解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答句“當(dāng)我在法國(guó)的時(shí)候，我去參觀了”可知去參觀是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，即D項(xiàng)正確。

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9、Traffic conditions in Beijing___________ for decades．At first people only complained about jams during rush hours，but today every hour is rush hour． A．is worsening B．have worsened C．have been worsening D．worsened 【答案】 C 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：北京的交通狀況幾十年來(lái)一直在惡化。起初，人們只是抱怨交通高峰期的堵塞，但是如今每個(gè)小時(shí)都是高峰期?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示這種狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去。

10、By the time he realizes the mistake he ______,it will be too late for him to do anything about it.A.has made B.made C.makes D.will make 【答案】 A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為“在他意識(shí)到他所犯的錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，再采取任何措施已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚”。顯然，在他意識(shí)到犯錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)犯下錯(cuò)誤，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

11、I wonder why Ann didn't get ____ the job.She is the right person for it.A． to be offered B．to offer C．offering D．offered 【答案】D 【解析】考查語(yǔ)意：我不知道為什么 Ann 沒(méi)有被提供給這份工作，她是合適的人選。get done 表示被動(dòng)，Ann 與 offer 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。

12、—Your spoken English is so good.Have you been abroad? —Yes: I ____ in London for two years.A．have stayed B．stayed C．had stayed D．have been staying 【答案】B

14、—Have you been teaching here since graduation? —No, I ____ on a farm for 5 years.A．had worked B．have worked C．was working D．worked

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http://004km.cn 【答案】 D 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)樵谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)工作五年沒(méi)有明顯的截止時(shí)間界限，所以屬于持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

15、—Monitor？ —I’m not monitor of our class.I____ with the teacher until the monitor is elected.A．will just help B．a(chǎn)m just helping C．a(chǎn)m just to help D．have just helped 【答案】 B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。從“我不是我們班的班長(zhǎng)”可知，后邊的句子意思為“我只是暫時(shí)幫老師的忙直到班長(zhǎng)被選出”。根據(jù)句意，此處表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

16、With the country's population reaching 1.6 billion in the mid of this century, most of China's rivers, including the Yellow River, ____.A．is drying up B．will be drying up C．dry up D．have dried up 【答案】B 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) in the mid of this century 再結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知本題應(yīng)該使用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的變化。

17、—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday? —No, but we ____ to get in touch with them ever since.A．have tried B．have been trying C．had tried D．had been trying 【答案】B

19、Please do me a favor —____ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.A．to invite B．inviting C．invite D．invited 【答案】C 【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意及句中破折號(hào)可知后面的部分是一個(gè)祈使句，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形。

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第五篇：2012屆高考英語(yǔ) 考前沖刺易混詞組

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http://004km.cn 2012屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺易混詞組

1..add to增添 增加，add···to往?添加，add up合計(jì) 加起來(lái)，add up to總共有 總計(jì)達(dá)；add后面跟直接引語(yǔ)或that從句時(shí)，表示“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”

2.aloud“出聲的”使聲音能夠聽(tīng)到，與read call cry等連用；loud“大聲地”常與動(dòng)詞talk speak shout laugh等連用；loudly“高聲地”有時(shí)可與loud換用，但更多地含有“喧鬧”的意味

3.alone“單獨(dú)”指只有一個(gè)人的狀態(tài)，與心情無(wú)關(guān)；不用于名詞之前；作“只有”講時(shí)置于名詞之前；lonely指“內(nèi)心孤獨(dú)”與感情有關(guān)；還可以修飾地點(diǎn)，表示“偏僻的”如：a lonely village一個(gè)偏僻的山村

4.as far as I know == as far as I am concerned就我所知，as long as和?一樣長(zhǎng)；只要

5．a(chǎn)ttend“到場(chǎng) 出席 參加”會(huì)議 婚禮 典禮 上學(xué)（課）聽(tīng)報(bào)告；attend to處理 專心于attend school（class）上學(xué)（課），I have some urgent business to attend to.我有一些急事要處理。

6.assist sb with sth，assist sb to do sth/in doing sth幫助?做?

7.全神貫注?be absorbed in，put oneˊs heart into；fix sth on upon sb全神貫注于，凝視

8.appeal to sb to do sth呼吁某人做某事，appeal against 上訴，The government is appealing to everyone to save water.9.aim（sth）at 把?瞄準(zhǔn)，目的在于；aim to do sth旨在做某事 10..above all 首先 尤其 最重要的是?in all總計(jì) 總共 11..break down 毀壞 分解 出故障，break off 打斷 停頓，break in/into破滅而入，break out（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等）爆發(fā)，break away（from）同?..決裂（脫離關(guān)系），break through突破（重圍）

12.burst into+名詞，突然發(fā)生，burst out+V.ing，都有“突然進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)或發(fā)生某種情況”

13.bring up撫養(yǎng)·培養(yǎng)·提出；bring in 引進(jìn) 盈利； bring about 導(dǎo)致· 引起；bring out 拿出·取出·出版·揭露 14..come across 偶然遇見(jiàn)，被理解，come up with趕上，想出，come over從遠(yuǎn)處來(lái)，come through 康復(fù)· 經(jīng)歷??之后仍然活著，come to oneself 恢復(fù)知覺(jué) 活躍起來(lái)，come into being形成，come to light顯露，為人所知

15，charge sb some money for sth就?.向某人索要費(fèi)用，charge sb with sth 控告某人犯?.罪，accuse sb of sth指責(zé).，控訴某人某事，charge sb to do命令某人做某事，be charged with充滿?，take charge of 負(fù)責(zé) 掌管，take the charge of由?.負(fù)責(zé)，in the charge of+人，由?.負(fù)責(zé)in charge of+物，公司等，主管，負(fù)責(zé)

16.be content to do sth＝be ready/ willing to do sth愿意（樂(lè)意）做?；be content/ pleased / satisfied with sth對(duì)?滿意

17，cut off 切斷，阻礙，堵塞，cut up 切碎，摧毀，cut down 砍倒，減少，cut out刪除，cut through抄近路，18.be curious about對(duì)?感到好奇，be curious to do渴望做? 19.confuse...A and/ with B混淆AB.be/get confused感到困惑

20.come about“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，與疑問(wèn)詞how連用 21.compare?A with B 把A與B比較（同類(lèi)比較），compare A to B把A比作B（比喻），億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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http://004km.cn compared to/with 與?.比起來(lái)，作狀語(yǔ)，位于句首，句末 22..call for需要·需求，call at 拜訪（某地）·（火車(chē)等）?？?，call on/upon sb拜訪某人，看望，call sb up打電話·使想起，call off取消·停止進(jìn)行

23..choose to do，choose from從..中選擇，There are four answers to choose from.24，in good condition情況良好 in /out of condition健康良好（不佳）；condition“環(huán)境 形勢(shì)”用復(fù)數(shù)形式 23.dozen前有數(shù)詞或a few，several，many等詞修飾時(shí)，用單數(shù)。后面接名詞時(shí)of可用可不用；接代詞時(shí)of不能省略；dozens of “許多”by the dozen論打，by weight按重量 25，.die out 滅絕 消失 熄滅，die away（聲音 光線 風(fēng)等）逐漸變?nèi)酰琩ie down（火等）漸熄·（鬧聲等）漸消失，die of內(nèi)在的原因死亡，die from外在的原因死亡

26，do honour to sb＝do sb honour對(duì)某人敬意，in honour of紀(jì)念?..，向?表敬意 27，separate?from 將?.與?分開(kāi)（將靠近的人物分開(kāi)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的隔離），divide?.into分開(kāi) 分離（把人物分成若干份），separate還有“單獨(dú)的，分開(kāi)的” 28.be eager for渴望得到某物，be eager to do急于做某事 29.experience：“（一次）經(jīng)歷 體驗(yàn) ”是可數(shù)名詞，“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”不可數(shù)名詞experienced“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的” experienced in/at “在?.方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”She has years of experience in teaching./She is experienced in/at looking after children 30.every +基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞；every other day＝every second day＝every two days每?jī)商欤扛粢惶?/p>

31.put an end to;bring?to an end;come to an end 結(jié)束，完成

32，be/get engaged to sb與?訂婚，be/get engaged in sth忙于做某事，從事于某事，engage還有“雇用”的意思，He engaged my sister as his secretay.42,inform sb of /about sth , 33.feed?on/to 用?喂養(yǎng) 把?喂給

34.forbid doing禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事 35，find fault with找?的毛病，對(duì)?抱怨

36，be fit for sb/ sth適合某人某物，be fit to do適合干某事keep fit 保存健康；fit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示衣服的尺寸大小適合某人fit sb；suit指顏色，質(zhì)地,款式上合適；match指樣式，風(fēng)格，品質(zhì)等的匹配一致 37，get through接通（電話），完成（工作），抵達(dá)，通過(guò)（考試），get about/ around走動(dòng)，（消息等）傳開(kāi)，get along 相處，（事情等）進(jìn)展，get behind 落后，get down降下，寫(xiě)下，get down to 著手做某事，get over 越過(guò)，克服（困難等），get rid of 擺脫，除去

38，go against違背（反），不利 go in for 從事，參加，go ahead 進(jìn)步·前進(jìn)·請(qǐng)吧·繼續(xù)下去，go through經(jīng)過(guò)·經(jīng)歷·調(diào)查，go down下降·平靜下來(lái)，go by 走過(guò)·時(shí)間流逝，go for適用于

39，give in屈服·讓步·投降，give away 暴露·泄密·贈(zèng)送，give off 放出（煙，氣味等），give out耗盡 ·公布give up 放棄·戒掉·認(rèn)輸

40.at hand近在手邊·在附近·即將來(lái)到的，by hand 用手·手工

41，hold up舉起，堵塞hold back 縮回，制止hold on to 抓住，固守 42.be informed of “通知某人做某事’，inform sb +從句，43.knock about接連打擊·沖擊·漫游，knock down打倒·擊倒·撞倒，knock off（拳擊）擊倒

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 44，living作表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 與“死的”’相對(duì)。Living things 表示：生物，alive作表語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需要放在被修飾的詞的后面，live活的，只作定語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)物，如a live mouse ；live by靠?為主，live?on以?為主食，靠?.生活；live through經(jīng)歷過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)?之后還活著；live up to遵守，不辜負(fù)

45.lie—lied—lied—lying撒謊，lie—lay—lain—lying躺，位于lie—laid—laid---laying放置，產(chǎn)卵，下蛋

46.light有兩種過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞形式（lit lit；lighted lighted）做定語(yǔ)只能用lighted，不用lit；如；They lit a candle and the lighted candle lighted the room.47.leave behind 忘了帶;留下，I've left my pen behind.我忘了帶筆。Leave for到某地去leave ?alone不干涉·不理，leave?out忽略·遺漏，let ?down不支持，使失望 48，must + do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)，must +have done對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，must +be doing對(duì)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)；否定的推測(cè)只能用can‘t，不能用must‘t 49.make up化妝·整理·收拾，make up for補(bǔ)償·償還·彌補(bǔ)，make for 移向，走向，make out了解·理解·辨認(rèn)，make progress取得進(jìn)步，make room for為?騰出空間，make up one′s mind下決心，make sence有意義，講的通，make sence of弄懂?的意思，50·mean to do打算做某事，mean doing sth 意味著做某事，mean sb to do sth打算讓某人做某事，mean to have done（過(guò)去）本來(lái)打算做某事（實(shí)際上沒(méi)做成），mean還有“吝嗇的，卑鄙的，自私的”

51.by means of 用，依靠，by all means可以·沒(méi)有問(wèn)題·務(wù)必，by no means絕不 一點(diǎn)也不（句首時(shí)，句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序）

the number of 作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)“?.的數(shù)量”，a number of 作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)“許多，若干”

53.offer to do sth提出做某事.offer sth to sb（offer sb sth），provide sth for sb，supply sb with sth向某人提供某物 54,present 作adj用，“目前的，現(xiàn)在的”,作前置定語(yǔ)，如，present situations 目前的形勢(shì)；“出席的，到場(chǎng)的”the guests present到場(chǎng)的客人；be present at the party 55，prove“證明，結(jié)果是”是link verb；What he said proved true/ a lie，56，pick up 拾起·讓乘客上車(chē)·偶然學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言 pick out 挑選·分辨出·認(rèn)出 ·理解 57，in possession of占有 控制，in the possession of由?.所有（控制）58.pull out of從?中退出，pull out（車(chē)輛 船 火車(chē)等）駛出（車(chē)站），拔掉，拉掉，pull apart扯斷，拆開(kāi)，pull down拆除，摧毀.put out出版 生產(chǎn).關(guān)掉 59.result in造成?結(jié)果，引起，result from因?引起，起因于 60.rob sb of sth搶劫某人某物，steal sth from sb偷竊?.61.at the rate of 4 kilometers an hour 以每小時(shí)4公里的速度 62.risk +n 或doing sth，at the risk of冒著?的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 63.stick to堅(jiān)持，stick out突出·伸出，be /get stuck（in）陷入困難spare no effort不遺余力

64，set about doing sth開(kāi)始做，著手做，set out to do sth 開(kāi)始做某事，set down 放下，記下，set up樹(shù)立，開(kāi)辦，建立，set off開(kāi)始，發(fā)射，set back將?往后移，撥回，阻止

65，scenery不可數(shù)名詞，指天然景色，景致，景物，是由多個(gè)scene構(gòu)成的景色。Scene指“景色，風(fēng)景”，指所見(jiàn)之物。也可以表示“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，場(chǎng)景”.view可數(shù)名詞，意為“景色，風(fēng)景，風(fēng)景（照，畫(huà)）”。常指在遠(yuǎn)處或高處以人的角度看到遠(yuǎn)景，著重能看到的部分。Sight可數(shù)名詞，“視力，看見(jiàn)”，作“風(fēng)景，名勝”常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。指某一地區(qū)值得觀看，游覽的，億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 具有特色的建筑物，風(fēng)景，名勝。

66，common sense 常識(shí)，make sense有道理，講得通，make sense of sth 理解 弄懂（不容易理解的事物），there is no sense（in）doing sth做某事沒(méi)有意義

67，suffer的賓語(yǔ)通常是pain loss punishment wrong 等；suffer from“因?.而遭罪，患?病”表示遭受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)﹑自然帶來(lái)的苦難及患病災(zāi)害

68（1）Failure is the mother of success失敗是成功之母。success 表示抽象意義的“成功”，是不可數(shù)的；表示具體意義的“成功的人或事”, 則是可數(shù)的。比較Big sucess does not usually occur early.(大器晚成)，His new book was a great success.(他新出版的書(shū)獲得了巨大成功)。（2）表示成功地做某事，be successful 后不能接不定式，而是接 in doing sth，又如：They were successful in launching a communication satellite.(他們成功地發(fā)射了一顆通訊衛(wèi) 星)。（3）succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

他終于把那個(gè)問(wèn)題解決了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.析：表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常不接不定式，而接 in doing sth。又如：He succeeded in getting the job.(他謀到了那份工作)，She succeeded in(passing)the exam.(她考試及格了)。69，turn out結(jié)果是，證明是，原來(lái)是，生產(chǎn)，制造

more than多于，不僅僅，超過(guò) not more than，不超過(guò)，至多，no more than 僅僅，只有，less than少于； 71.take off 成功·起飛·休假·脫下（衣帽等）·打折，take in 欺騙·接受，take over 接收·接管·把?從一地帶到另一地，take up 拿起·占據(jù)·占用，take on 呈現(xiàn)，take the place of 代替

tear sth“把?撕破，撕開(kāi)，撕掉”強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，tear at sth “撕扯?..”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 73 come to term with甘愿忍受；妥協(xié)make terms（with sb）（與某人）達(dá)成協(xié)議in terms of談及·就?而言

74．Witness to? 為?作證，說(shuō)明，to為介詞，后接n或V.ing 75，on purpose故意地 ·by chance偶然地 ·take a chance冒險(xiǎn) 76.especially 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別超過(guò)其他部分；specially強(qiáng)調(diào)專門(mén)的特別的為某個(gè)目的而專門(mén)地做某事；particularly強(qiáng)調(diào)以不同尋常的方式突出某一事物的個(gè)性或獨(dú)特之處，如：I like all sports，but I am especially interested in football。I came here specially to ask you a question.。These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve their English。be particular about 講究，對(duì)?.挑剔 77，修飾不可數(shù)名詞a great deal of，large amounts of，a large amount of，（a）little，much； 修飾可數(shù)名詞a large/great/small number of, a great many，many，few，quite a few ；修飾可數(shù)名詞和修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ots of，plenty（of），a（large）quantity of /；（large）quantities of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

78.當(dāng)詢問(wèn)距離是多少時(shí)，要用what提問(wèn)。distance的修飾語(yǔ)常用some great long short等，而不用far.near 等；還可以用how far 對(duì)距離提問(wèn)。How far is it from A to B？what is the distance from A to B？

79.one和those 用于泛指可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，the one特指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，the ones是復(fù)數(shù)名詞的特指，而that用于特指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。80.大部分adj加ly可以構(gòu)成副詞。但是friendly deadly lovely lonely likely lively ugly brotherly motherly worldly等仍為adj。如；Her singing was lovely./He spoke to me in a very friendly way.二.交際用語(yǔ)

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 1.You will make it.你會(huì)達(dá)成目標(biāo)的。2.Not particular.不是特別親密的。3.It′s up to you，由你決定。4.It（That）depends.視情況而定。5，對(duì)于對(duì)方的道歉可以用It doesn′t matter.That′s all right.Forget it.6.guess what？你猜怎么著？7 It's my/a pleasure.和My pleasure.是回答別人說(shuō)“謝謝”時(shí)使用，有“不用謝（這是我的榮幸）”的意思。而With pleasure.是用于別人問(wèn)你“能給我給幫助嗎？（Couldyou help me?）”有“樂(lè)意幫你”的意思。8.sounds good.==It（That）.sounds good聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)（對(duì)別人的建議進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)）。9.What is up？出什么事了？10.Got it明白了。懂了。11.Not exactly.不算準(zhǔn)確。12.I could not agree more.我非常同意。13.I will give you a lift.讓我送你一程。14.關(guān)于口語(yǔ)中Do you mind和Would you mind的回答？可以（同意）的回答:ok..sure,/ no problem./ Oh，no。please/.No，not at all./ Of course not./.No，go ahead.不可以（介意）的回答: Sorry, I can't.My hands are full/ Please don′t??because?.../Better not，please./ I＇d rather you didn＇t./I am sorry，but?? 2.Would you mind me sitting here? 不介意（同意）的回答: Not at all/.No, I don't.Of course not.I don't mind.介意的回答: sorry, this seat is taken.15.Take it easy別緊張16·Take your time別忙，慢慢來(lái)17·Thank you anyway無(wú)論如何還是要感謝你。（當(dāng)別人盡力要幫助你卻沒(méi)有幫成時(shí)）18.It is a deal.一言為定.。就這么定了。19.That is something.太好了，太棒了。20·.Go ahead 去吧，干吧21·Never mind沒(méi)有關(guān)系，不要緊。22.I had a sound sleep我睡得很好。Sound“（身體）健康的，（睡眠等）充分的”23·Forget it/It does not matter./That is all right.對(duì)于對(duì)方的道歉的用語(yǔ)?！八懔税桑瑳](méi)有事。”24.Guess what?為向別人報(bào)告一件不尋常的事情時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，意為“你猜是什么事？你猜怎么著？

三.高考閱讀題理解高頻難詞

（熟讀這些詞，只需要做到形意相連就可以）

Abstract摘要 抽象的 academic 學(xué)術(shù)的 acquire 獲得 取得 accomplish 完成 aptitude才能 資質(zhì) approach 途徑 方法 靠近appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?associate聯(lián)合 聯(lián)系 alternative二者擇其一 awkward 笨拙的 attendance 出席 appetite愛(ài)好 食欲 胃口adapt 使?..適應(yīng) charming迷人的 career生涯 職業(yè) comply 答應(yīng) 遵從 complex 復(fù)雜的 confuse使困惑 coincide與?..一致，符合 campus（大學(xué)）校園 community社區(qū) 團(tuán)體construct構(gòu)建 建設(shè) ceremony儀式 典禮 criticize 批評(píng) 評(píng)論 courteous有禮貌的deserved理所當(dāng)然的 應(yīng)得的decline下降 衰退 default默認(rèn)值 假設(shè)值 deliberate仔細(xì)思考的 深思熟慮的 distinction差別 不同 divine 神圣的 definition 定義 defend 防衛(wèi) distinguish區(qū)別 辨別 evaluate 評(píng)估 評(píng)價(jià)eventually最終 empirical 經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的 executive行政的 ethnic民族的 種族的 elegant 優(yōu)雅的 evoke喚起 引起 essence 本質(zhì) 精髓 enterprise企業(yè)家entrepreneur企業(yè) inancial財(cái)政的 fabulous傳說(shuō)中的 難以置信的factor因素 gallery 美術(shù)館 infect傳染 感染 indicate指示 表明 顯示 involve包含 使陷入 individual個(gè)人的 literature文學(xué) 文獻(xiàn) misuse誤用mortgage 抵押 maintain維持 保持 堅(jiān)持 overcome克服 occupant占有者 居住者 psychological心理學(xué)的priority優(yōu)先權(quán) phenomenon現(xiàn)象 promote促進(jìn) 提升 促銷(xiāo) perceive感知 察覺(jué) 理解 resources資源 reservation預(yù)定 representative代表routine 常規(guī)的 例行的 rival對(duì)手 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者 rob 搶 shortage缺乏 summarize總結(jié)

sufficient足夠的 substance物質(zhì) sacrifice犧牲 sympathy同情 transition過(guò)渡 轉(zhuǎn)變 trai特征 特點(diǎn) underline在?下劃線unofficial非官方的 workload工作量 visual視覺(jué)的

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

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億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)

http://004km.cn 揮發(fā)性的

億庫(kù)教育網(wǎng)http://004km.cn volatile反復(fù)無(wú)常的