第一篇：專(zhuān)有名詞翻譯作業(yè)

作業(yè)：

根據(jù)已學(xué)的知識(shí)并利用一切可以利用的資源翻譯下列句子，并找出翻譯難點(diǎn)及解決辦法。

1.國(guó)家工商總局授權(quán)北京市工商局對(duì)該公司進(jìn)行日常監(jiān)督管理。(“國(guó)家上商總局”是“中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家工商行政管理總局”的中文簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)。)

2.當(dāng)年12月26日，國(guó)家商務(wù)部批準(zhǔn)成立了北京京港地鐵有限公司，并頒發(fā)了批準(zhǔn)證書(shū)。

3.昨天，信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部和國(guó)家發(fā)改委出臺(tái)了手機(jī)漫游費(fèi)降低的方案，新方案擬從3月1日起執(zhí)行。

4.農(nóng)業(yè)部全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心

5.北京新奧集團(tuán)有限公司負(fù)責(zé)奧林匹克公園中心區(qū)的商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)。

6.價(jià)值百億元的TD首次招標(biāo)，將在入圍的大唐、中興、華為和普天等廠商間爭(zhēng)奪。

7.中國(guó)山西省臨汾市堯都區(qū)鼓樓西大街15號(hào)安平花園小區(qū)1#樓2單元303室郵編：041002。

8.2008年年底，北京石景山萬(wàn)達(dá)廣場(chǎng)和萬(wàn)達(dá)鉑爾曼大飯店同時(shí)開(kāi)業(yè)，萬(wàn)選集團(tuán)終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了“一條長(zhǎng)安街，兩個(gè)萬(wàn)達(dá)廣場(chǎng)”的布局。

9.2008年9月30日，胡錦濤總書(shū)記到安徽農(nóng)村考察，與滁州市風(fēng)陽(yáng)縣小崗村村民親切

交談。

10.該地鐵線路西起豐臺(tái)區(qū)長(zhǎng)辛店?yáng)|河沿路，穿京石高速路后，沿盧溝橋路向東進(jìn)入北京南站，至朝陽(yáng)公園，最后到來(lái)廣營(yíng)地區(qū)。

11.中國(guó)義烏國(guó)際小商品博覽會(huì)每年都有舉辦。

112.2008年10月27日，世界最大的綠色環(huán)保型31.8萬(wàn)噸’華山’’號(hào)油輪在滬下水。

13.嫦娥一號(hào)探月衛(wèi)星是2007年10月24日發(fā)射成功的。隨后，于2008年9月25日，“神七”成功發(fā)射。

第二篇：專(zhuān)有名詞翻譯（精選）

翻譯研究詞語(yǔ)1.表情功能expressive function 2.詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換conversion of word classes 3.詞義空缺semantic zero 4.詞義相符semantic correspondence 5.詞義相異semantic non-correspondence 6詞語(yǔ)層面 word level 7達(dá) expressiveness 8段落層面paragraph level 9對(duì)應(yīng)correspondence 10 翻譯，筆譯translation 11翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)translation criteria 12翻譯策略translation strategy 13翻譯腔translationese 14翻譯學(xué)translation studies/translatology 15翻譯原則principles of translation 16分析性analytic 17符際翻譯intersemiotic translation 18慣用法意識(shí)sense of good usage 19歸化domestication 20含義implicature/implied

meaning 21呼喚功能vocative function 22化境sublimation 23話語(yǔ)discourse 24回指anaphoric 25加注法annotation 26減省法omission 27句法syntax 28句子層面sentence level 29科技文本text of science and technology 30可讀性readability 31可譯性translatability 32口譯interpretation/interpreting 33口譯譯員interpreter 34跨文化交際cross-cultural

communication 35連貫coherence 36連貫意識(shí)sense of coherence 37邏輯思維logical thinking 38美感功能aesthetic function 39目的性intentionality 40內(nèi)指endophoric 41篇章層面discourse level 42情景語(yǔ)境context of situation 43認(rèn)知功能cognitive function 44上下文co-text 45社會(huì)學(xué)符號(hào)sociosemiotics 46神似similarity in spirit47省略ellipsis 48釋義法paraphrase 49述位 rheme 50 體裁 genre 51外指 exophoric 52文本/語(yǔ)篇 text 53文本類(lèi)型 text type 54 文化語(yǔ)境 context of culture 55文化意識(shí)sense of culture 56文體/風(fēng)格style 57銜接cohesion 58銜接結(jié)cohesive tie 59顯性overtness 60校核proofreading 61信faithfulness/fidelity 62信息功能informative function 63形合hypotaxis 64形似similarity in form 65形象思維figurative thinking 66修辭層面rhetorical level 67雅elegance 68異化foreignization /alienation 69譯文target text 70譯文讀者target-text readers 71譯者translator 72意合parataxis 73意境ideorealm 74意譯liberal translation 75音譯transliteration 76隱性covertness 77語(yǔ)法意識(shí)sense of grammar 78語(yǔ)際翻譯interlingual translation 79語(yǔ)境context 80語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯intralingual translation 81語(yǔ)文學(xué)philology 82語(yǔ)言學(xué)linguistics 83語(yǔ)義學(xué)semantics 84語(yǔ)音層面phonetic level 85語(yǔ)用學(xué)pragmatics 86語(yǔ)域register 87翻譯語(yǔ)言的功能metalingual function 88原文source text/original text 89原文讀者source-text readers 90蘊(yùn)含意義connotation 91増?jiān)~amplification/addition 92照應(yīng)anaphora 93直譯literal translation 94指稱(chēng)意義denotation 95主體性subjectivity 96主位theme 97轉(zhuǎn)換transformation/transfer 98綜合性synthetic 99作者writer/author

中國(guó)文化特色詞語(yǔ)英譯1.拜年pay a New Year call 2.財(cái)運(yùn)luck in making money 3.禪宗Chan Sect/Zen Sect 4.出家人ascetic 5.祠堂memorial temple 6.倒春寒a(chǎn)n unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 7.道教Taoism 8.道士Taoist priest 9.法師Master 10.方丈Buddhist abbot 11.佛教Buddhism 12.恭喜發(fā)財(cái)May you be prosperous!/Wish you all the best!13.和尚Buddhist monk 14.紅包red envelope containing money as a gift;(貶義用法)bribe/kickback 15.紅運(yùn) good luck 16.華表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 17.華蓋canopy 18.回教Islam 19.慧根the organ of wisdom 20.基督教Christianity 21.甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones 22.江南水鄉(xiāng)the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 23.戒 precept/discipline 24.金剛經(jīng)Diamond Sutra 25.京劇票友Peking Opera fan 26.京劇人物臉譜types of facial make-up in Peking Opera 27.景泰藍(lán)cloisonné 28.舊教/天主教 Catholicism 29.坎兒井karez 30.空emptiness 31.喇嘛L(fēng)ama 32.老字號(hào)an old and famous shop/enterprise 33.尼姑Buddhist nun 34.涅槃Nirvana 35.旗袍cheongsam 36.三藏經(jīng)Triptaka 37.三教（儒、釋、道）Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 38.時(shí)運(yùn)luck/fortune 39.四大皆空 all space directions being valid 40.新教,耶穌教 Protestantism 41.真人Taoist pure man 42.族人clansman 43.坐禪sitting in meditation

節(jié)假日1.春節(jié)Spring Festival 2.黨的生日Party’s Birthday 3.端午節(jié)Dragon-Boat Festival 4.國(guó)慶節(jié)National Day 5.建軍節(jié)Army Day 6.教師節(jié)Teachers’ Day 7.清明節(jié)Pure Brightness Day 8.國(guó)際兒童節(jié)International Children’s Day 9.三八婦女節(jié)International Working Women’s Day 10.五一International Labor Day 11.元旦New Year’s Day 12.元宵節(jié)Lantern Festival 13.中秋節(jié)Mid-Autumn Festival 14.重陽(yáng)節(jié)Double-Ninth Festival

政治經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)1遵紀(jì)守法to observe discipline and abide by the law 2.走共同致富的道路to take the road to common prosperity 3.自留地individual farm plots 4自負(fù)盈虧to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 5專(zhuān)業(yè)戶(hù)specialized household 6重復(fù)建設(shè)to build redundant project 7治理整頓to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order 8治理三亂to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines，charges and levies 9政企分開(kāi) to separate government functions from enterprise management 10宰人rip-off 11有經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦的人commercially minded people 12優(yōu)生優(yōu)育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 13以權(quán)謀私to abuse power for personal gains 14移風(fēng)易俗to transform outmoded habit and custom 15依法治國(guó)to rule the country in accordance with law 16一切向錢(qián)看money-mania 17一國(guó)兩制one country，two systems 18一刀切 sweeping approach 19嚴(yán)防死守 life-and-death defense 20嚴(yán)打to crack down on crimes and social evils 21亞運(yùn)村Asian Games Village 22姓社姓資問(wèn)題distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 23 星火計(jì)劃 Spark Program 24信息高速公路 information highway 25小商品市場(chǎng)smalls fair 26小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life 27鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprise 28下硬功夫 to make intensive efforts 29下海to take the plunge into private business 30下崗人員the laid-off 31物質(zhì)文明material progress 32五講四美運(yùn)動(dòng)the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”：to promote civility，courtesy，tidiness，orderliness and integrity 33五講四美三熱愛(ài)five stresses，four points of beauty and three aspects of love 34五好家庭 five-virtue family 35溫飽問(wèn)題the problem of inadequate food and clothing 36晚婚晚育 late marriage and postponement of childbearing 37歪風(fēng)邪氣unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 38脫貧to shake off poverty 39退居二線to leave the leading post 40四有公民citizens who have high ideals，moral integrity，a good education and a strong sense of discipline 41十年規(guī)劃和“八五”計(jì)劃綱要the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 42十年**the ten chaotic years 43涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 44掃黃anti-pornography drive 45三資企業(yè)enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”：Sino-foreign joint ventures，cooperative businesses

and exclusively foreign-owned

enterprises 46三峽工程Three Gorges Straits 47三通 three direct links of trade，mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits 48三角債 debt chains 49權(quán)力下放to delegate 50全民所有制public ownership 51勤儉建國(guó)to build the country with industry and thrift 52農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)非agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 53南水北調(diào)工程projects to divert water from the south to the north 54 磨洋工to dawdle along 55民工out-of-town laborer 56亂漲價(jià) unauthorized price rise 57 亂攤派indiscriminate levies 58龍頭 to play a leading role in 59 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子leading body 60廉政建設(shè) construction of a clean government 61 虧損企業(yè)enterprises running in the red 62跨世紀(jì)工程a trans-century project 63可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development 64科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 65科技是第一生產(chǎn)力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force 66康居工程 the Affordable Housing Project 67開(kāi)展掃黃打非斗爭(zhēng) to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications 68軍轉(zhuǎn)民 military conversion 69九年義務(wù)教育 nine-year compulsory education 70糾正不正之風(fēng) to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices 71糾風(fēng)辦State Council Office for Rectification 72精神文明建設(shè)to promote cultural and ethical progress 73精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)to streamline government organs 74經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zone 75經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)economic development zone 76戒急用忍 to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience 77解放生產(chǎn)力to emancipate the productive forces 78講學(xué)習(xí)，講政治，講正氣的黨性黨風(fēng)教育 to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies，political awareness and integrity 79講文明禮貌to promote civilized behavior 80減員增效，下崗分流 to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere 81堅(jiān)持兩個(gè)文明一起抓 to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically 82假日經(jīng)濟(jì) holiday economy 83計(jì)劃生育 family planning 84集體主義 community spirit 85基本國(guó)情 fundamental realities of the country 86火炬計(jì)劃Torch Program（a plan to develop new and high technology）87

灰色收入 income from moonlighting 88戶(hù)主 head of a household 89戶(hù)口管理制度domicile system 90戶(hù)口簿 residence booklet 91紅籌股 red-chip shares；red chips 92黑社會(huì)Mafia-style

organizations； gangland 93黑店 gangster inn 94黑客hacker 95和平演變 peaceful evolution towards capitalism 96和平統(tǒng)一，一國(guó)兩制的方針 the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country，two systems”97和平共處五項(xiàng)原則 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 98國(guó)有大中型企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 99長(zhǎng)期國(guó)庫(kù)券 treasury bonds 100官倒 official profiteering 101掛靠 to be attached or affiliated to 102公款吃喝 banquet at public expense 103公費(fèi)醫(yī)療 medical services at state expense 104 革命老根據(jù)地the old revolutionary base areas 105搞活經(jīng)濟(jì)to invigorate the economy 106 搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè) to invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 107 高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū) high and new technological industry development zone 108港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong 109改革開(kāi)放reform and opening to the outside world 110改革開(kāi)放政策 the reform and open policy 111福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 112扶貧poverty alleviation 113房管 real estate management 114防洪工程 flood-prevention project 115發(fā)展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance 116第三產(chǎn)業(yè)tertiary industry 117第二職業(yè) second employment 118倒?fàn)?profiteer 119黨性one’s Party morale 120黨群關(guān)系 Party-masses relationship 121待業(yè) job-waiting 122大腕top notch（singer etc.）123大排檔 sidewalk snack booth 124大路貨staple goods 125打破僵局to break the deadlock 126打假to crack down on counterfeit goods 127打白條to issue IOUs 128磁懸浮列車(chē) magnetic suspension 129春運(yùn)（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival 130傳銷(xiāo)pyramid selling 131吃皇糧 to receive salaries，subsidies，or other supported from the government 132吃大鍋飯the egalitarian practice of“everybody eating from the same big pot” 133超計(jì)劃生育 to have more children than what is planned 134參政議政意識(shí) the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs 135菜籃子工程 the shopping basket

project 136部?jī)?yōu)產(chǎn)品Ministry-recognized

quality goods 137不正之風(fēng) unhealthy practice（tendency）138不良風(fēng)氣 unhealthy ways and customs 139不合理收費(fèi)，集資和攤牌 to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 140不顧條件，一哄而起 to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 141撥亂反正 to set things right 142 變相漲價(jià) disguised inflation 143本位主義 departmentalism 144保重點(diǎn)，不撒胡椒面 Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere 145包干到戶(hù)work contracted to households 146半拉子工程uncompleted project 147擺門(mén)面 to put up an impressive front 148百年不遇 once-in-a-century 149百花齊放，百家爭(zhēng)鳴 Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 150把已經(jīng)確定的方針政策措施落到實(shí)處 to get the set principles，policies and measures implemented 151把眼光放遠(yuǎn)一些 to have a broad view 152把握正確的輿論導(dǎo)向 to properly guide the public opinion 153按勞分配 distribution according to one’s performance 154安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families 155“一條龍”服務(wù) coordinated-process service 156“豆腐渣”工程 jerry-built project 157“達(dá)標(biāo)”活動(dòng) “target hitting” activities

節(jié)氣1大寒Greater Cold 2小寒Lesser Cold 3冬至the Winter Solstice 4大雪Greater Snow 5小雪Lesser Snow 6立冬the Beginning of Winter 7霜降Frost’s Descent 8秋分the Autumnal Equinox 9白露White Dew 10處暑the Limit of Heat 11立秋the Beginning of Autumn 12大暑Great Heat 13小暑Slight Heat 14夏至the Summer Solstice 15芒種 Grain in Ear 16小滿(mǎn)Grain Full 17立夏the Beginning of Summer 18谷雨Grain Rain 19清明Pure Brightness 20春分the Spring Equinox 21驚蟄the Waking of Insects 22雨水Rain Water 23立春the Beginning of Spring 24寒露Cold Dew 25二十四節(jié)氣 the twenty-four solar terms

第三篇：國(guó)際貿(mào)易專(zhuān)有名詞及翻譯

1.Uneven distribution

2.comparative advantage 3.absolute advantage.4 cost advantagemarket share economies of scale labor /capital /tech/resource intensive economy supplying /demanding country 1.2.比較優(yōu)勢(shì) 3絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)

4.成本優(yōu)勢(shì)

5.市場(chǎng)份額 6 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)

7勞動(dòng)/資金/技術(shù)/資源密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)

8供給/需求國(guó)

9.Foreign/local currency 10.Exchange rate 11.Target market 12.Export license 13.Quota 14.Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade 9.外/本幣 10.匯率 11.目標(biāo)市場(chǎng) 12.出口許可證 13.定量、配額

14:（進(jìn)、出口、過(guò)境）貿(mào)易 15.Credit reference

16.Commodity inspection 17.Customs clearance

18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade 19.International/Domestic trade 20.Export license

15.資信證明

16.商檢

17.清關(guān)、結(jié)關(guān)

18.直接、間接、轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易 19.國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易 20 出口許可證 21.General/Special

trade 22.Direct / Indirect trade

23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade

24.：settlement instrument： Barter/ free-liquidation trade 21.一般貿(mào)易/特殊貿(mào)易

22.直接/間接貿(mào)易

23.有形、無(wú)形產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易 24.易貨、自由結(jié)算貿(mào)易

mate’s receipt收貨單、大副收據(jù) shipping note裝貨通知單

the bill of lading提單

shipping advice 發(fā)貨通知書(shū)

1.consumer durables 2.quote a price

3.cross-border transactions 4.customary practice 5.loading fee 6.dividing line 7.actual delivery 1.耐用消費(fèi)品

2.報(bào)價(jià)

3.跨境（國(guó)界）交易 4.慣例

5.裝載費(fèi) 6.分界線 7.實(shí)際交貨

１０．

arrival contract 11.Customs clearance 12.Customs formalities 13.delivery 14.inspection

15.Means of transport １０.到達(dá)合同 1１.清關(guān)、結(jié)關(guān) 1２.報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù) 1３.交貨 1４.檢驗(yàn) 1５.運(yùn)輸工具

16.Mode of transport

17.Shipment contract 18.Symbolic delivery

19.Transfer of risks

16.運(yùn)輸方式 １７．裝運(yùn)合同 19.象征交貨

20.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移

1: INCOTERMS 2010

(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC

3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC

1.2010年國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)(通則）2.國(guó)際商會(huì)

3.美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易定義修正本 4.質(zhì)量控制、質(zhì)量管理

1.EXW(EX works)工廠交貨

2.FCA(Free Carrier)貨交承運(yùn)人

3.CPT(Carriage Paid To)運(yùn)費(fèi)付至

4.CIP(Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至

5.DAT(Delivered At Terminal)運(yùn)輸終端交貨

6.DAP(Delivered At Place)目的地交貨

7.DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完稅后交貨 8.FAS(Free Along Side)船邊交貨

9.FOB(Free On Board)船上交貨

10.CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)

11.CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)成本、保險(xiǎn)加運(yùn)費(fèi)

? 1：FOB liner terms(FOB班輪條件): ?

buyer for all

? 2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊鉤下交貨）:

buyer pays from the moment goods under the

tackle ? 3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理艙費(fèi)）: ? seller loading and stowing

? 4：FOB Trimmed（FOB包括平艙費(fèi)）: seller loading、trimming ? 5：FOB stowed and trimmed（FOB包括理、平艙費(fèi) ?

seller loading stowing and trimming

1、firm offers

2、offeror

3、offeree

4、terminate 5.acceptance 6 Counter-offer

7.enquiry

8.irrevocable offer 9 withdraw of an offer

1.實(shí)盤(pán)

2.發(fā)盤(pán)方（人）

3.受盤(pán)方（人）

終止 5.接受 6.還盤(pán)

7.詢(xún)價(jià)

8.不可撤銷(xiāo)發(fā)盤(pán) 9.撤回發(fā)盤(pán) 9 Validity periodquotation of an offer 11 Quote CISG（United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９ 有效期 報(bào)盤(pán)

國(guó)際貨物銷(xiāo)售合同公約 形式發(fā)票（Proforma Invoice）報(bào)價(jià)單（Quotation）訂單(Order)

Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.報(bào)價(jià)應(yīng)包括到利物浦的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和運(yùn)費(fèi)

? 執(zhí)事先生： ?

從澳大利亞大使館得悉貴公司在澳大利亞是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。?

由于本地市場(chǎng)對(duì)羊毛材料的需求一直在增長(zhǎng)，因此我公司愿在本地區(qū)成為第一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售這種產(chǎn)品的公司。?

請(qǐng)郵寄貴方目錄本、價(jià)目表以及能提供的各種樣品，同時(shí)也請(qǐng)告知貴公司與其它公司做貿(mào)易所采用的付款方式。?

盼速?gòu)?fù)。

謹(jǐn)啟 ? Dear Sirs, ? We learn with pleasure from the Australian Embassy in Beijing that you are producing for export wool sweater.? There is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this type, especially in brighter colors.? We would appreciate receiving your catalogue and full details of your export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you can let us have.? ? ? ? We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully, 敬啟者：

貴方九月五日關(guān)于羊毛材料的詢(xún)盤(pán)已收悉。應(yīng)要求，我方已另航郵去帶有圖解的說(shuō)明書(shū)，價(jià)目表及樣品本。

有關(guān)付款方式，我們貿(mào)易的一貫做法是采用保兌的不可撤銷(xiāo)的信用證。

由于質(zhì)地優(yōu)良，價(jià)格合理，我們的羊毛材料多年來(lái)在世界市場(chǎng)享有盛譽(yù)。我們相信我們的產(chǎn)品一定會(huì)幫助你們擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)銷(xiāo)路。?

盼早復(fù)。謹(jǐn)啟 Dear Sirs:

Thank you for your inquiry of Sept.5 on wool material

As requested, we have already sent you the illustrated brochures, price list and sample by airmail.? Concerning the terms of payment , our usual practice is confirmed，irrevocable letter of credit（L/C).Over the years, our wool material has the high reputation of good quality and reasonable prices in the world market.We believe that our products will help you to expand market.We look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully，? Four components in a standard format of a price:

? A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP(貨幣代碼）? A number indicating（表示）the price unit ? A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set ? A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF ? Examples: ? USD225.30/piece CIF New York ? FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set ? Cost of production（生產(chǎn)成本）

? Direct cost（直接成本）: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.? Administrative costs: overhead經(jīng)常費(fèi)用 ? Cost of sales ? Marketing costs: advertising, sales trip expenses, commissions，intermediary services

? Cost of delivery ? Warehousing and transporting charge, insurance premium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi), taxes稅收and tariffs征收關(guān)稅, customs duties（進(jìn)口稅）

? Anticipated profit margin（預(yù)期利潤(rùn)率）

? in an absolute number ? in a percentage → profit margin ? Capability of target market（目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)潛力）

? Referring to the consumption power（消費(fèi)能力）, income level, supply and demand relationship需求關(guān)系The higher the capital income of the target market, the higher the price ? Payment terms（付款條件）

? The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment ? Other factors to be considered

? foreign exchange rates

? international market price for similar products policies and regulations規(guī)章制度 in a particular ? If FOB price is available

– CFR = FOB + Ocean Freight ?

? ? Ocean freight（海洋運(yùn)費(fèi)）

– Provided by shipping lines（航運(yùn)公司）– Quoted as packaged price（組合價(jià)格）

– Others like “additionals” and “surcharges”（附加費(fèi)）

– CIF If FOB price is available = FOB + Ocean Freight + Insurance Premium If CFR price is available – CIF = CFR + Insurance Premium Calculation of Insurance Premium(I)– Based on contract value/invoice value + – A markup（上浮，漲價(jià)幅度）(normally 10%)to cover incidental costs（雜費(fèi)）– Formula: I = CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)（保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率）Therefore – CIF = CFR + CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)or – CIF = CFR /(1 – 110% x R)Conversion of FOB to other prices CFR = FOB + F – CIF =(FOB + F)/ [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CFR to other prices – FOB = CFR – F – CIF = CFR / [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CIF to other prices – FOB = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] – F – CFR = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] Net price（凈價(jià)，實(shí)價(jià)）= basic costs + profit Commission – An incentive payment made to the middlepersons for their intermediary services – Expressed in a fixed figure or in a percentage – Examples ? CFR London GBP100 per doz, including 2% commission ? USD200 per M/T CIFC2% London ? CIFC3 Hamburg USD100/set ?

? ? ?

? ?

Two ways of calculating計(jì)算 commission – based on invoice/contract value

? C = contract value x C rate – based on FOB or FCA:

? Under such terms as CFR, CIF, C is calculated before F（freight)and I(insurance)are deducted ? Formula:

– C = price including C(FOB/FCA)x C rate

– Net price = price including C(FOB/FCA)– C

= price including C x(1-C rate)

– Price including C(FOB/FCA)= net price /(1-C rate)– allocation cost

分?jǐn)偝杀? ? –

fixed cost

固定成本 –

overhead

管理經(jīng)費(fèi)

– insurance premium保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

–

tariff

關(guān)稅

–

outlet

甩賣(mài),工廠清倉(cāng) –

Factory price

出廠價(jià)

– Consumption power

消費(fèi)能力

– Per capita income

個(gè)人平均收入

– segment

市場(chǎng)細(xì)分 – Production cost

生產(chǎn)成本 – Marketing strategy

營(yíng)銷(xiāo)策略

– Sales cost

銷(xiāo)售成本

– Delivery cost

運(yùn)送成本

– Financing cost

融資成本 – anticipated profit

預(yù)期利潤(rùn)

– terms of payment

付款方式

– cost-plus pricing

成本加成定價(jià)法 – marginal cost pricing

邊際成本定價(jià)法 – buyer based pricing

買(mǎi)方價(jià)值定價(jià)法 competition based pricing 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)定價(jià)法 export profit margin28 出口盈虧率

export cost for foreign exchang出口換匯成本

break-even point 盈虧平衡點(diǎn)

Local currency 本幣

? markup 加價(jià)，上浮

? Face value 票面值，表面價(jià)值 ? premium rate 保險(xiǎn)率 ?

net price凈價(jià) ?

commission 傭金 ?

discount折扣

? Exchange rate 匯率

Final price

最終價(jià)格 ?

total price總價(jià)

? unfixed price 非固定價(jià)

money of account 計(jì)價(jià)貨幣 ?

initial pric 最初價(jià)格

? Money of payment支付貨幣 ? Unit price 單價(jià)

? Price adjustment clause 價(jià)格調(diào)整條款

? Price including commission 含傭價(jià) ? rebate 減免、退款

? wage index

工資指數(shù)

? 出現(xiàn)下列一類(lèi)的詞句者，皆為虛盤(pán): ?

Subject to prior sale.有權(quán)先售。

-All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated.?

所作報(bào)價(jià)，除特別注明外，須經(jīng)我方確認(rèn)后方能生效。

-Our offer is subject to approval of export license.出口許可證準(zhǔn)許簽證，我方報(bào)價(jià)才有效 賣(mài)方發(fā)盤(pán)，或稱(chēng)“售貨發(fā)盤(pán)”(Selling Offer)

買(mǎi)方發(fā)盤(pán)，或稱(chēng)“購(gòu)貨發(fā)盤(pán)”(Buying Offer)，習(xí)稱(chēng)“遞盤(pán)”（Bid）

? offer 報(bào)盤(pán)，報(bào)價(jià)

? to offer for 對(duì)...報(bào)價(jià)

? to make an offer for 對(duì)...報(bào)盤(pán)（報(bào)價(jià)）

? firm offer 實(shí)盤(pán)

? non-firm offer 虛盤(pán)

? to forward an offer(or to send an offer)寄送報(bào)盤(pán)

to get an offer(or to obtain an offer)獲得...報(bào)盤(pán)

? to cable an offer(or to telegraph an offer)電報(bào)（進(jìn)行）報(bào)價(jià)

? offer and acceptance by post 通過(guò)郵政報(bào)價(jià)及接受

? to accept an offer 接受報(bào)盤(pán)

? to entertain an offer 考慮報(bào)盤(pán)

? to give an offer 給...報(bào)盤(pán)

? to submit an offer 提交報(bào)盤(pán)

official offer 正式報(bào)價(jià)（報(bào)盤(pán)）

? 指示性?xún)r(jià)格 price indication ? 速?gòu)?fù) reply immediately ? 參考價(jià) reference price ?習(xí)慣做法 usual practice

? 交易磋商 business negotiation

? 不受約束 without engagement ? 業(yè)務(wù)洽談 business discussion ? 限**復(fù) subject to reply **

? 限* *復(fù)到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity

? 有效至**: valid till **

? 購(gòu)貨合同 purchase contract

? 銷(xiāo)售合同 sales contract

? 購(gòu)貨確認(rèn)書(shū) purchase confirmation ? 銷(xiāo)售確認(rèn)書(shū) sales confirmation

? 一般交易條件 general terms and conditions ? 以未售出為準(zhǔn) subject to prior sale

? 需經(jīng)賣(mài)方確認(rèn) subject to seller's confirmation

? 需經(jīng)我方最后確認(rèn) subject to our final confirmation

? 憑規(guī)格買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by specification ? 憑等級(jí)買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by grade ? 憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by standard ? 憑說(shuō)明書(shū)買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by illustration

? 憑品牌或商標(biāo)買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by brand or trade mark ? 憑產(chǎn)地名稱(chēng)買(mǎi)賣(mài)

sale by name of origin

? 憑說(shuō)明書(shū)和圖樣買(mǎi)賣(mài)sale by description and illustration ? F.A.Q.（fair average quality）良好平均品質(zhì)

? G.M.Q.（good merchantable quality）上好可銷(xiāo)品質(zhì)。合同中的品質(zhì)條款

（一）基本內(nèi)容（見(jiàn)例）?

1、Sample No.612 Cloth Doll ?

2、White Rice，Long-Shaped，?

Broken Grains（max.）25% ?

Admixture（max.）0.25% ?

Moisture（max.）15% ?

3、T101 MAXAM Dental Cream ? Quality as per sample No.123 and technical feature indicated in the illustrations submitted by seller.? ? ? ? ? ?

品質(zhì)以賣(mài)方提供的第123號(hào)樣品和說(shuō)明書(shū)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn)。

5、Quality and technical data as per Seller‘s catalogue page 123 and line 16.品質(zhì)和技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)以賣(mài)方提供的樣本第123頁(yè)第16行為準(zhǔn)。、Quality and technical data to be in conformity with the attached technical agreement which forms an integral part of this contract.品質(zhì)和技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)符合本合同所附技術(shù)協(xié)議書(shū)。

機(jī)動(dòng)幅度（Quality latitude）：規(guī)定范圍（38/39“）

規(guī)定極限（max.min.）

規(guī)定上下差異（2% more or less）

品質(zhì)公差（Quality tolerance)：國(guó)際、行業(yè)公認(rèn)、合同規(guī)定 品質(zhì)的增減價(jià)條款：

含油量

每±1%，合同價(jià)格±1.5% 常用計(jì)量單位：

千克（Kilogram, kg.）噸（ton, t）

公噸（metric ton, m/t）長(zhǎng)噸（long ton, 1/t）短噸（short ton，s/t）公擔(dān)（quintal.q.）克（gram, gm.）磅（pound, lb.）盎司（ounce, oz）克拉（carat, car）

適用貨物：一般天然產(chǎn)品，以及部分工業(yè)制成品。如，羊毛、棉花、谷物、礦產(chǎn)品、油類(lèi)、沙鹽、藥品等。碼（yard, yd.）米（meter, m.）英尺（foot, ft）? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 厘米（centi-meter, cm.）? 公里（kilometer, km）

適用貨物：紡織品匹頭、繩索、電線電纜等。

? 箱case;c.c/s ? 只piece;pc ? 紙箱carton

? 件package;pkg ? 聽(tīng)tin ? 包bale

? 打dozen;doz.? 罐can

? 桶drum or barrel ? 套set ? 盒box

? 袋sack or bag

? 瓶bottle ? 簍/筐basket

? 羅gross;gr(12 doz)

? 大羅great gross(12 gr）? 令ream;rm ? 卷roll

? 張piece/sheet ? 雙pair ? 對(duì)yoke ? 頭head 常用單位：

?平方英尺square foot,sq.ft ?平方碼square yard, sq.yd ?平方米square meter,sq.m

適用貨物：玻璃板、地毯、皮制產(chǎn)品、塑料制品等。如：塑料篷布，塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網(wǎng)等。常用單位：

?平方英尺square foot,sq.ft ?平方碼square yard, sq.yd ?平方米square meter,sq.m

適用貨物：玻璃板、地毯、皮制產(chǎn)品、塑料制品等。如：塑料篷布，塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網(wǎng)等。

? 立方米 cubic meter, cu.m ? 立方英尺 cubic foot, cu.ft ? 立方碼 cubic yard, cu.yd

? 適用貨物：天然氣、化學(xué)氣體，木材等。

? 公升（litre, or l.）, ? 加侖（gallon, or gal.）? 蒲式耳（bushel, or bu.）

適用貨物：谷物類(lèi)，以及部分流體、氣體物品。如，小麥、玉米；煤油、汽油，酒精、啤酒、雙氧水、天然瓦斯等。、毛重

GROSS WEIGHT

凈重

NET WEIGHT

理論重量

THEORETICAL WEIGHT、法定重量

LEGAL WEIGHT

運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志（Shipping Mark）指示性標(biāo)志（Indicative Mark）警告性標(biāo)志（Warning Mark）中性包裝（Neutral Packing OEM（原始設(shè)備制造商）到ODM（原始設(shè)計(jì)制造商）到OBM（原始品牌制造商）

正常提單（Current B/L）它是指在信用證的條件下，賣(mài)方在信用證規(guī)定的交單期內(nèi)提交給銀行議付貨款的提單。

? 過(guò)期提單（stale B/L）過(guò)期提單有兩種含義：

①是指出口商在裝船后延滯過(guò)久才交到銀行議付的提單；

②是提單晚于貨物到達(dá)目的港，這種提單也稱(chēng)為過(guò)期提單。這種情況是近洋運(yùn)輸中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的，所以，近洋國(guó)家間的貿(mào)易合同一般都規(guī)定有“過(guò)期提單也可接受”（stale B/L is acceptable）的條款。

倒簽提單（Anti-dated B/L）

? 承運(yùn)人應(yīng)托運(yùn)人的要求，簽發(fā)提單的日期早于實(shí)際裝船日期的提單。目的是符合信用證對(duì)裝船日期的規(guī)定，便于在信用證下結(jié)匯。

預(yù)借提單（Advanced B/L）

? 又稱(chēng)無(wú)貨提單，它是指在信用所結(jié)匯期，即信用證的有效期即將屆滿(mǎn)，而貨物尚未裝船或尚未裝船完畢的情況下，托運(yùn)人為了能及時(shí)結(jié)匯，而要求承運(yùn)人提前簽發(fā)的已裝船清潔提單。

? ? ? ? ? 保險(xiǎn)人或承保人----保險(xiǎn)公司(Insurer)被保險(xiǎn)人或投保人----要保人（Insured)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的----保險(xiǎn)對(duì)象

保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值----保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的貨幣計(jì)算(Insured Value)保險(xiǎn)金額----是被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)際保金額, 也是保險(xiǎn)人計(jì)算報(bào)廢和承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的最大限度的依據(jù).1.可保利益（insurable interest）原則

投保人對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的具有保險(xiǎn)利益。國(guó)際貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)要求在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生損失時(shí)必須具有保險(xiǎn)利益。

2.最大誠(chéng)信（utmost good faith）原則

雙方恪守信用，保險(xiǎn)人說(shuō)明保險(xiǎn)條款內(nèi)容，投保人應(yīng)就重要事實(shí)的申報(bào)、保證。

3.經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償（indemnity）原則近因（proximate cause）原則

保險(xiǎn)人只對(duì)承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失之間有直接因果關(guān)系的損失負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，對(duì)保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍外的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的損失，不承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。

5.代位求償(Subrogation)原則

當(dāng)損失是由于第三方造成，通常情況，保險(xiǎn)人向第三方追償或向保險(xiǎn)人追償，二選一。若先選擇向保險(xiǎn)人追償，則保險(xiǎn)人代被保險(xiǎn)人追償由于第三方對(duì)于保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的造成的損失的賠償

6.分擔(dān)(Share)原則

重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)傇瓌t是指投保人向多個(gè)保險(xiǎn)人重復(fù)保險(xiǎn)時(shí)，投保人的索賠只能在保險(xiǎn)人之間分?jǐn)偅r償金額不得超過(guò)損失金額。海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（perils of the sea 外來(lái)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（extraneous risks 實(shí)際全損（actual total loss）

推定全損（constructive total loss）單獨(dú)海損（particular average）共同海損（general average）

施救費(fèi)用（sue and labor expenses）救助費(fèi)用（salvage charges）

水漬險(xiǎn)（with particular average, W.P.A.）一切險(xiǎn)(all risks, A.R.一般附加險(xiǎn)

（General Additional Insurance）特別附加險(xiǎn)

（Special Additional Insurance）

?平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一切險(xiǎn)的起止時(shí)間采用 “倉(cāng)對(duì)倉(cāng)條款”（warehouse to warehouse clause）W/W ? 保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)貨物所承擔(dān)的保險(xiǎn)期限為：從被保險(xiǎn)貨物遠(yuǎn)離保險(xiǎn)單上載明的起運(yùn)港（地）發(fā)貨人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)開(kāi)始，包括運(yùn)輸過(guò)程，一直到貨物運(yùn)達(dá)保險(xiǎn)單 載明的目的港（地）收貨人的倉(cāng)庫(kù)為止。

1.協(xié)會(huì)貨物（A）險(xiǎn)條款

Institute Cargo Clauses A ,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ICC（A）2.協(xié)會(huì)貨物（B）險(xiǎn)條款

Institute Cargo Clauses B, 簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ICC（B 協(xié)會(huì)貨物（C）險(xiǎn)條款

Institute Cargo Clauses C, 簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ICC（C）

4.協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款（貨物）

（Institute War Clauses--Cargo）；

5.協(xié)會(huì)罷工險(xiǎn)條款（貨物）

（Institute Strikes Clauses--Cargo）；

6.惡意損害險(xiǎn)條款

（Malicious Damage Clauses）

承保范圍（risks covered）

除外責(zé)任（exclusions）、保險(xiǎn)期限（duration）、索賠

（claims）、保險(xiǎn)利益（benefit of delay）、減少損失（minimizing losses）、防止延遲（avoidance of delay）

法律慣例（law and practice）。

? Insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單（大保單）

?

Insurance certificate 保險(xiǎn)憑證（小保單）

? Cargo Transportation Insurance

貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn) 1.commercial expediency 2.premium 3.insurant 4.underwriter 5.scope of coverage 6.The indemnified

7.the assured 8.the insurer 9.the claimant

10.insurable interest

11.the insurable interest principle 1.商業(yè)便利

2.保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 3.被保險(xiǎn)人 4.保險(xiǎn)公司

5.（保險(xiǎn)）責(zé)任范圍

6.被 賠償者 7.被保險(xiǎn)人

8、承保人，保險(xiǎn)公司 9：

賠償請(qǐng)求人 10

可保利益

11、可保利益原則 12.pecuniary 13.policy 14.void

15.The utmost good faith principle 16.peril

17.The indemnity principle 12.金錢(qián)的 13.保險(xiǎn)單 14 無(wú)效的 15.信任原側(cè) 16.危險(xiǎn)

17.賠償原則

18.The proximate cause principle.The subrogation principle 20.The share principle 21.Actual total loss 22.Combined certificate

23、constructive total loss24、contribution

25、exclusion

26、external risks

27、extraneous risks

18、近因原則

19、代位原則

20、分?jǐn)傇瓌t

21、實(shí)際全損

22、聯(lián)合保險(xiǎn)憑證

23、推定全損

24、分?jǐn)?/p>

25、除外責(zé)任

26、外部險(xiǎn) 27

附加險(xiǎn)

28.Fortuitous risks 29.Franchise

30.General average 31.General risks 32.Insurance certificate

33、insurance claim

34、insurance cover

35、insurance policy

36、insurance premium

37、insurance rate 28.意外險(xiǎn) 29.免賠率

３０．

共同海損

31、一般險(xiǎn)

32、保險(xiǎn)憑證

33、保險(xiǎn)索賠

34、保險(xiǎn)范圍

35、保險(xiǎn)單

36、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

37、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率

38.Natural calamity 39.Open policy 40.Partial loss

41.Particular average 42.Perils of the sea

43、special risks

44、subject matter

45、sum insured

46、total loss

47、unexpected accidents 38.自然災(zāi)害

39.預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)單 40.部分損失

41、單獨(dú)海損

42、海上 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

43、特種險(xiǎn)

44、標(biāo)的物

45、投保金額

46、全損

意外事故 1: CIC 2:

FPA 3: GA 4: ICC 5: IOP 6: PICC 7: SRCC 8: TPND 9:WPA

10: W/W Clause 1.中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)條款

2.平安險(xiǎn)

3.共同海損分擔(dān) 4.倫敦保險(xiǎn)業(yè)條款

5.不計(jì)免賠

6.中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司 7.罷工暴動(dòng)內(nèi)亂險(xiǎn)

8.偷竊、提貨不著險(xiǎn)

9:水漬險(xiǎn)

10.倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款

? The insurable interest principle 可保利益原則

? The utmost good faith principle最大誠(chéng)信原則 ? The indemnity principle賠償原則 ? The proximate principle近因原則

? The subrogation principle 代位求償原則

? The share principle分?jǐn)傇瓌t

1.出票（Issue）

2.提示（Presentation）3.承兌（Acceptance）4.付款（Payment 5.背書(shū)（Endorsement

6.拒付和追索（Dishonor＆Recourse 付款交單（D/P）

承兌交單（D/A）D/P即期付款方式 D/P after 90 days付款

信用證（Letter of Credit,L/C）.預(yù)支信用證（anticipatory

L/C）

.循環(huán)信用證（revolving credit）備用信用證(Standby Letter of Credit)

1.acceptance

2.anticipatory credit 3.back to back credit 4.beneficiary

5.bill of exchange 6.check

7.clean bill

8.clean collection 9.clean credit

10.confirmed L/C

11.deferred payment 12.discount 1.承兌

2.預(yù)支信用證 3.背對(duì)背信用證 4.受益人、收款人 5.匯票 6.支票 7.光票 8.光票托收 9.光票信用證 10.保兌信用證

11.延付貨款 12.貼現(xiàn)

12.Documentary bill 13.Documentary letter of credit 14.endorsement 15.Factoring 16.forfeiting 17.Irrevocable 12.跟單匯票 13.跟單信用證 14.背書(shū) 15.保理

16.福費(fèi)庭、包買(mǎi)票據(jù) 17.不可撤銷(xiāo)的

18.Paying instrument.Payment by installment 20.Payment by advance 21.Payment term 22.presentation

23、promissory note24、reciprocal credit

25、red clause credit

26、remittance

27、revocable L/C

18、支付工具

19、分期付款 20、預(yù)付

21、付款條件

22、提示

23、本票

24、對(duì)開(kāi)信用證

25、紅條款信用證

26、匯付

可撤銷(xiāo)信用證 28.Revolving credit 29.Sight draft 30.Sight L/C 31.Standby L/C 32.tenor

33、time/usance draft

34、transferable L/C

28.循環(huán)信用證

29.即期匯票

30.即期信用證 31.備用信用證 32.期限

33.遠(yuǎn)期匯票

34.可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證

1:

D/D 2:

M/T 3:

T/T 4:

D/P 5:

D/A 6:

FCI 7:

L/C 8:

L/G 9: URC 522 10: UCP600

1.即期匯票 2.信匯 3.電匯 4.付款交單 5.承兌交單

6.國(guó)際保理聯(lián)合商會(huì) 7.信用證 8.保函

9.托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則

10.跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例600 11.Disputes, Claim and Arbitration 12.爭(zhēng)議、索賠、仲裁

第四篇：四級(jí)翻譯專(zhuān)有名詞匯總..

[在此處鍵入]

四級(jí)翻譯專(zhuān)有名詞匯總

1.中國(guó)歷史與文化

京劇 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kung Fu 太極Tai Chi

口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戲puppet show 皮影戲 shadow play

折子戲 opera highlights 雜技 acrobatics

相聲 witty dialogue comedy 刺繡 embroidery

蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 書(shū)法 calligraphy

中國(guó)畫(huà) traditional Chinese painting 水墨畫(huà) Chinese brush painting 中國(guó)結(jié) Chinese knot 中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火藥 gunpowder 印刷術(shù)printing 造紙術(shù) paper-making 指南針 the compass 青銅器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain;china 唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰藍(lán)cloisonne 秋千swing 武術(shù) martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism 墨家 Mohism 法家 Legalism 佛教 Buddhism 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu 莊子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu

[在此處鍵入]

孫子Sun Tzu 象形文字 pictographic characters 文房四寶(筆墨紙研)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大學(xué)》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《論語(yǔ)》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孫子兵法》The Art of War 《三國(guó)演義》Three Kingdoms 《西游爺己》Journey to the West 《紅樓夢(mèng)》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海經(jīng)》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》Historical Records 《詩(shī)經(jīng)》The Book of Songs 《易經(jīng)》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《禮記》The Book of Rites 《三字經(jīng)》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay 五言絕句 five-character quatrain 七言律詩(shī) seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit 唐裝 Tang suit 風(fēng)水 Feng Shui;geomantic omen

陽(yáng)歷 Solar calendar 陰歷 Lunar calendar 閏年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春節(jié) the Spring Festival 元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午節(jié) the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋節(jié) the Mid-autumn Day 重陽(yáng)節(jié) the Double-ninth Day 七夕節(jié) the Double-seventh Day 春聯(lián) spring couplets 廟會(huì) temple fair 爆竹 firecracker

[在此處鍵入]

年畫(huà)(traditional)New Year pictures 壓歲錢(qián) New Year gift-money 舞龍dragon dance 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花燈 festival lantern 燈謎 lantern riddle 舞獅 lion dance 踩高蹺 stilt walking 賽龍舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山東菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粵菜 Canton cuisine 揚(yáng)州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月餅 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油條 deep-fried dough sticks 豆?jié){ soybean milk 饅頭 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 餛飩 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 燒餅 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒飯 fried rice with egg 糖葫蘆 tomatoes on sticks 火鍋hot pot 長(zhǎng)城 the Great Wall of China 烽火臺(tái) beacon tower 秦臺(tái)皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 絲綢之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟M(jìn)ogao Grottoes 華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五臺(tái)山"Wutai Mountain 九華山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai

[在此處鍵入]

黃山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宮 the Imperial Palace 天壇 the Temple of Heaven 午門(mén) Meridian Gate 大運(yùn)河 Grand Canal 護(hù)城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸關(guān) Juyongguan Pass 九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall 黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨溝 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布達(dá)拉宮Potala Palace 鼓樓 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔廟 Confucius Temple 樂(lè)山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha 十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛L(fēng)ama

2.中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)

總需求 aggregate demand 總供給 aggregate supply 企業(yè)文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企業(yè)形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image 跨國(guó)公司 cross-national corporation 創(chuàng)業(yè)精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit 外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise 獵頭公司head-hunter 假日經(jīng)濟(jì) holiday economy 人力資本human capital 航空和航天工業(yè)aerospace industry 飛機(jī)制造工業(yè)aircraft industry 電子工業(yè) electronic industry 汽車(chē)制造工業(yè) car industry 娛樂(lè)業(yè) entertainment industry 信息產(chǎn)業(yè) information industry 知識(shí)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè) knowledge-intensive industry 國(guó)有大中型企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

[在此處鍵入]

輕工業(yè) light industry 博彩業(yè) lottery industry 制造業(yè) manufacturing industry 壟斷行業(yè) monopoly industries 市場(chǎng)多元化 market diversification 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) market economy 市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管 market supervision 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力 purchasing power 牛市 bull market 城鎮(zhèn)化 urbanization 房地產(chǎn) real estate 首付 down-payment 業(yè)主 home owner 個(gè)人購(gòu)房貸款 individual housing loan 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化 economic globalization 經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū) special economic zones(SEZ)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) economic growth 泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì) bubble economy 關(guān)稅tariff 納稅人tax payer 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)macro economy 貨幣投放量 the size of money supply 流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩excess liquidity 經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱 overheated economy 通貨膨脹inflation 抑制通貨膨脹curb inflation 注入流動(dòng)性 to inject liquidity 貼現(xiàn)率 discount rate 存款準(zhǔn)備金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù) open market operation(OMO)逆回購(gòu) reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引導(dǎo)降低市場(chǎng)借貸成本

to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策prudent monetary policy 微調(diào)貨幣政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬著陸 hard landing 軟著陸 soft landing 二十國(guó)集團(tuán) Group of Twenty(G2O)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng) Finance Minister 全年預(yù)期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)the expected growth target for the whole year 經(jīng)濟(jì)活力 economic vitality 大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃 a massive economic stimulus package 結(jié)構(gòu)改革 structural reform 硬資產(chǎn) hard assets

[在此處鍵入]

軟資產(chǎn) soft assets 有形資產(chǎn) tangible assets 經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊 economic corridor 整頓市場(chǎng)秩序 to rectify the market order 反壟斷 antitrust;anti-monopoly 定價(jià)浮動(dòng) price fluctuations 謀求利益最大化 to maximize profit 債務(wù)審計(jì)audit of debt 地方性政府債務(wù) local government debt/liability 公共財(cái)政體制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 債務(wù)管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support 3.中國(guó)社會(huì)

多元文化論 cultural pluralism 文化適應(yīng) acculturation 社會(huì)保障 social security 班車(chē) shuttle bus 相定遷戶(hù) a relocated unit or household 大齡青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 獨(dú)生子女 the only child in a family 單親 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服務(wù) household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity 農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty 全民健身運(yùn)動(dòng) nationwide fitness campaign 全國(guó)人口普查 nationwide census 性騷擾 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling 性別歧視 gender/sexual discrimination 年齡歧視 age discrimination 工作歧視 job discrimination 享樂(lè)主義hedonism 文盲 illiteracy 貧富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盜版 pirated/illegal copies 一國(guó)兩制 One Country, Two Systems 三個(gè)代表 the Three Represents Theory 兩會(huì)(人大、政協(xié))Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation

[在此處鍵入]

南北對(duì)話 North-South Dialog 人大常委會(huì) People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制觀念 awareness of law 法制國(guó)家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革開(kāi)放 reform and opening-up 公務(wù)員 civil servants 官僚主義作風(fēng) the bureaucratic style of work 和諧并存 harmonious coexistence 計(jì)劃生育 family planning 計(jì)劃生育基本國(guó)策 the basic state policy of family planning 精神文明建設(shè) the construction of spiritual civilization 居委會(huì) neighborhood committee 科教興國(guó) national rejuvenation through science and education 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development 廉潔高效 honesty and high efficiency 兩岸關(guān)系 cross-straits relations 兩岸談判 cross-straits negotiations 領(lǐng)土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普選制 general election system 求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 畢業(yè)生分配 graduate placement;assignment of graduate 充電 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大學(xué)城 college town 大學(xué)社區(qū) college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等學(xué)府 institution of higher education 綜合性大學(xué) comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts 理工科大學(xué) college / university of science and engineering 師范學(xué)院 teachers’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校擴(kuò)招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年義務(wù)教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 物質(zhì)文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社會(huì) a well-off society

[在此處鍵入]

小康水平a well-off standard 一個(gè)中國(guó)原則 the one-China principle 與時(shí)俱進(jìn) keep pace with the times 綜合國(guó)力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(戰(zhàn)略)going global 不結(jié)盟 non-alignment 單邊主義 unilateralism 多邊政策 multilateralism 多極世界 multipolar world 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社區(qū)服務(wù) community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盜用公款embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults 在職進(jìn)修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education

第五篇：專(zhuān)有名詞翻譯對(duì)照

淺談最優(yōu)化理論在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用 Application of The Optimization Theory in Actual Life 最優(yōu)化理論The optimization theory