第一篇：商務英語專有名詞翻譯（最終版）

商務英語名詞翻譯

Unit 1

CICSCUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, 是《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》的簡稱。

trade terms交易條款

sales contract 銷售合同

price list價格單

reference price 參考價

name of commodity品名；商品名稱

quantity數量

withdrawal of offer撤回發(fā)盤

revocation of offer撤銷發(fā)盤

termination of offer終止發(fā)盤

inquiry詢盤

offer發(fā)盤；報盤；實盤

offeror發(fā)盤人

offeree受盤人

firm offer實盤

non-offer虛盤

indefinite offer虛盤

counter-offer還盤

accept承諾

contract合同（契約）

termination of a contract合同的終止

suspension of a contract合同的中止

Unit 2

claim damages損害索賠

claim clause索賠條款

compensation補償

the party in the breach違約方

difference差額

interest利息

bona fide party當事人

Unit 3

WTOWorld Trade Organization, 世界貿易組織

the Final Act指烏拉圭回合多邊談判的最終議案

Uruguay Round烏拉圭回合accountable負責的，需要解釋的ground-rule基本準則

decision-making body決策機構

the General Council總理事會

the Dispute Settlement Body爭端協調機構

the Trade Policy Review Body貿易政策評審機構

GATTthe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 《關稅與貿易總協定》，簡稱關貿總協定。28 free trade agreements28個自由貿易協定

trade friction貿易摩擦

trade barriers貿易壁壘

Unit 4

proceedings訴訟、訴訟程序

Works of Civil Engineering Construction 民用建筑工程；土木工程建設工程

contractor承包人

employer業(yè)主

sub-contractor轉包人，分包人

Engineer’s Representative 工程師代表

Whereas Clause 鑒于條款（說明當事人訂立合同的背影、目的、意圖以及當事人確認合同的簽訂是在互利互惠的基礎上進行的）

licensor許可方

licensee受讓方

Assignment Clauses轉讓條款

Warranty Clauses擔保條款

Guaranty of Quality品質擔保

Guaranty of Right權利擔保

Guaranty of Performance履行擔保

L/GLetter of Guarantee保函

Default Clauses違約條款

Compensation for Damages賠償損失

defaulting party違約方

damaged party受害方

Penalty違約金

Continuing to Perform Obligations繼續(xù)履行

Remedial Measures補救措施

substituting修理、更換

reworking重做

returning the goods退貨

remuneration報酬

supplementing quantities補充數量

Escape Clauses免責條款

Force Majeure不可抗力

Arbitration Clause 仲裁條款

China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission中國國際經濟貿易仲裁委員會 Chamber of Commerce商會

Unit 5

quality certificate質量合格證

open-package inspection開箱檢驗

China Commodity Inspection Bureau中國商品檢驗局

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China中華人民共和國質量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局

Contract for International Sale of Goods國際貨物銷售合同

Contract for International Technology Transfer國際技術轉讓合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures中外合資經營企業(yè)合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures 中外合作經營企業(yè)合同

Contract for International Engineering Projects 國際工程承包合同

Contract for Compensation Trade補償貿易合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Cooperative Development of Natural Resources中外合作開采自然資源合同

Contract for Foreign Labor Services 涉外勞務合同

Contract for International Leasing Affairs國際租賃合同

Contract for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans涉外信貸合同

Contract for International Build-Operate-Transfer 國際BOT投資合同

Contract for Introduction of complete plant and Technology 成套設備技術引進合同

Unit 6

the investment commitment of shareholders 股東投資的承諾

the feasibility study 可行性報告

infrastructure基礎設施，基礎結構

Unit 7

stock issuance發(fā)行股票（或股票發(fā)行）

stock-issuer股票發(fā)行人

bond-issuer債券發(fā)行人

principal本金

face value面值

secondary market（股票的）二級市場

dividend股息

bonus紅利

primary market（股票的）一級市場

market tone（股票的）市場行情

stock value股票值

brokery industrial worker股票經紀人

Common Stock普通股

Preference Stock 優(yōu)先股

Unit 8

security證券

Euro Bond歐洲債券

Moody’s Investment Service Corp穆迪投資服務公司（美國）

private placement私募

trustee受托人

trust indenture act信托契約法

secured bond保證債券

mortgage bond抵押債券

mortgageholder 抵押債券持有者這個單詞跟書上一致

Unit 9

a line of credit信用額度

hire-purchase分期付款

rental and lessing scheme租賃計劃（方式）這個單詞跟書上一致，但是我認為這里有可能是打印錯誤 應該是leasing

Unit 10

liquidity流動性

demand loans活期貸款

term loans定期貸款

working capital 流動資金

call repayment償還貸款

Unit 11

accounting會計，會計學，會計（行業(yè)）

accountant會計師

bookkeeping薄記，薄記學

equity證券，公平，公道，財產價值

Unit 12

premium保險費

annuity年金，年金保險

第二篇：專有名詞翻譯（精選）

翻譯研究詞語1.表情功能expressive function 2.詞類轉換conversion of word classes 3.詞義空缺semantic zero 4.詞義相符semantic correspondence 5.詞義相異semantic non-correspondence 6詞語層面 word level 7達 expressiveness 8段落層面paragraph level 9對應correspondence 10 翻譯，筆譯translation 11翻譯標準translation criteria 12翻譯策略translation strategy 13翻譯腔translationese 14翻譯學translation studies/translatology 15翻譯原則principles of translation 16分析性analytic 17符際翻譯intersemiotic translation 18慣用法意識sense of good usage 19歸化domestication 20含義implicature/implied

meaning 21呼喚功能vocative function 22化境sublimation 23話語discourse 24回指anaphoric 25加注法annotation 26減省法omission 27句法syntax 28句子層面sentence level 29科技文本text of science and technology 30可讀性readability 31可譯性translatability 32口譯interpretation/interpreting 33口譯譯員interpreter 34跨文化交際cross-cultural

communication 35連貫coherence 36連貫意識sense of coherence 37邏輯思維logical thinking 38美感功能aesthetic function 39目的性intentionality 40內指endophoric 41篇章層面discourse level 42情景語境context of situation 43認知功能cognitive function 44上下文co-text 45社會學符號sociosemiotics 46神似similarity in spirit47省略ellipsis 48釋義法paraphrase 49述位 rheme 50 體裁 genre 51外指 exophoric 52文本/語篇 text 53文本類型 text type 54 文化語境 context of culture 55文化意識sense of culture 56文體/風格style 57銜接cohesion 58銜接結cohesive tie 59顯性overtness 60校核proofreading 61信faithfulness/fidelity 62信息功能informative function 63形合hypotaxis 64形似similarity in form 65形象思維figurative thinking 66修辭層面rhetorical level 67雅elegance 68異化foreignization /alienation 69譯文target text 70譯文讀者target-text readers 71譯者translator 72意合parataxis 73意境ideorealm 74意譯liberal translation 75音譯transliteration 76隱性covertness 77語法意識sense of grammar 78語際翻譯interlingual translation 79語境context 80語內翻譯intralingual translation 81語文學philology 82語言學linguistics 83語義學semantics 84語音層面phonetic level 85語用學pragmatics 86語域register 87翻譯語言的功能metalingual function 88原文source text/original text 89原文讀者source-text readers 90蘊含意義connotation 91増詞amplification/addition 92照應anaphora 93直譯literal translation 94指稱意義denotation 95主體性subjectivity 96主位theme 97轉換transformation/transfer 98綜合性synthetic 99作者writer/author

中國文化特色詞語英譯1.拜年pay a New Year call 2.財運luck in making money 3.禪宗Chan Sect/Zen Sect 4.出家人ascetic 5.祠堂memorial temple 6.倒春寒an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 7.道教Taoism 8.道士Taoist priest 9.法師Master 10.方丈Buddhist abbot 11.佛教Buddhism 12.恭喜發(fā)財May you be prosperous!/Wish you all the best!13.和尚Buddhist monk 14.紅包red envelope containing money as a gift;(貶義用法)bribe/kickback 15.紅運 good luck 16.華表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 17.華蓋canopy 18.回教Islam 19.慧根the organ of wisdom 20.基督教Christianity 21.甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones 22.江南水鄉(xiāng)the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 23.戒 precept/discipline 24.金剛經Diamond Sutra 25.京劇票友Peking Opera fan 26.京劇人物臉譜types of facial make-up in Peking Opera 27.景泰藍cloisonné 28.舊教/天主教 Catholicism 29.坎兒井karez 30.空emptiness 31.喇嘛Lama 32.老字號an old and famous shop/enterprise 33.尼姑Buddhist nun 34.涅槃Nirvana 35.旗袍cheongsam 36.三藏經Triptaka 37.三教（儒、釋、道）Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 38.時運luck/fortune 39.四大皆空 all space directions being valid 40.新教,耶穌教 Protestantism 41.真人Taoist pure man 42.族人clansman 43.坐禪sitting in meditation

節(jié)假日1.春節(jié)Spring Festival 2.黨的生日Party’s Birthday 3.端午節(jié)Dragon-Boat Festival 4.國慶節(jié)National Day 5.建軍節(jié)Army Day 6.教師節(jié)Teachers’ Day 7.清明節(jié)Pure Brightness Day 8.國際兒童節(jié)International Children’s Day 9.三八婦女節(jié)International Working Women’s Day 10.五一International Labor Day 11.元旦New Year’s Day 12.元宵節(jié)Lantern Festival 13.中秋節(jié)Mid-Autumn Festival 14.重陽節(jié)Double-Ninth Festival

政治經濟活動1遵紀守法to observe discipline and abide by the law 2.走共同致富的道路to take the road to common prosperity 3.自留地individual farm plots 4自負盈虧to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 5專業(yè)戶specialized household 6重復建設to build redundant project 7治理整頓to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order 8治理三亂to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines，charges and levies 9政企分開 to separate government functions from enterprise management 10宰人rip-off 11有經濟頭腦的人commercially minded people 12優(yōu)生優(yōu)育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 13以權謀私to abuse power for personal gains 14移風易俗to transform outmoded habit and custom 15依法治國to rule the country in accordance with law 16一切向錢看money-mania 17一國兩制one country，two systems 18一刀切 sweeping approach 19嚴防死守 life-and-death defense 20嚴打to crack down on crimes and social evils 21亞運村Asian Games Village 22姓社姓資問題distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 23 星火計劃 Spark Program 24信息高速公路 information highway 25小商品市場smalls fair 26小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life 27鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè) township enterprise 28下硬功夫 to make intensive efforts 29下海to take the plunge into private business 30下崗人員the laid-off 31物質文明material progress 32五講四美運動the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”：to promote civility，courtesy，tidiness，orderliness and integrity 33五講四美三熱愛five stresses，four points of beauty and three aspects of love 34五好家庭 five-virtue family 35溫飽問題the problem of inadequate food and clothing 36晚婚晚育 late marriage and postponement of childbearing 37歪風邪氣unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 38脫貧to shake off poverty 39退居二線to leave the leading post 40四有公民citizens who have high ideals，moral integrity，a good education and a strong sense of discipline 41十年規(guī)劃和“八五”計劃綱要the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 42十年**the ten chaotic years 43涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 44掃黃anti-pornography drive 45三資企業(yè)enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”：Sino-foreign joint ventures，cooperative businesses

and exclusively foreign-owned

enterprises 46三峽工程Three Gorges Straits 47三通 three direct links of trade，mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits 48三角債 debt chains 49權力下放to delegate 50全民所有制public ownership 51勤儉建國to build the country with industry and thrift 52農轉非agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 53南水北調工程projects to divert water from the south to the north 54 磨洋工to dawdle along 55民工out-of-town laborer 56亂漲價 unauthorized price rise 57 亂攤派indiscriminate levies 58龍頭 to play a leading role in 59 領導班子leading body 60廉政建設 construction of a clean government 61 虧損企業(yè)enterprises running in the red 62跨世紀工程a trans-century project 63可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development 64科教興國戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 65科技是第一生產力 Science and technology constitute a primary productive force 66康居工程 the Affordable Housing Project 67開展掃黃打非斗爭 to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications 68軍轉民 military conversion 69九年義務教育 nine-year compulsory education 70糾正不正之風 to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices 71糾風辦State Council Office for Rectification 72精神文明建設to promote cultural and ethical progress 73精簡機構to streamline government organs 74經濟特區(qū) special economic zone 75經濟開發(fā)區(qū)economic development zone 76戒急用忍 to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience 77解放生產力to emancipate the productive forces 78講學習，講政治，講正氣的黨性黨風教育 to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies，political awareness and integrity 79講文明禮貌to promote civilized behavior 80減員增效，下崗分流 to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere 81堅持兩個文明一起抓 to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically 82假日經濟 holiday economy 83計劃生育 family planning 84集體主義 community spirit 85基本國情 fundamental realities of the country 86火炬計劃Torch Program（a plan to develop new and high technology）87

灰色收入 income from moonlighting 88戶主 head of a household 89戶口管理制度domicile system 90戶口簿 residence booklet 91紅籌股 red-chip shares；red chips 92黑社會Mafia-style

organizations； gangland 93黑店 gangster inn 94黑客hacker 95和平演變 peaceful evolution towards capitalism 96和平統一，一國兩制的方針 the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country，two systems”97和平共處五項原則 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 98國有大中型企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 99長期國庫券 treasury bonds 100官倒 official profiteering 101掛靠 to be attached or affiliated to 102公款吃喝 banquet at public expense 103公費醫(yī)療 medical services at state expense 104 革命老根據地the old revolutionary base areas 105搞活經濟to invigorate the economy 106 搞活國營大中型企業(yè) to invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 107 高新技術產業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū) high and new technological industry development zone 108港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong 109改革開放reform and opening to the outside world 110改革開放政策 the reform and open policy 111福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 112扶貧poverty alleviation 113房管 real estate management 114防洪工程 flood-prevention project 115發(fā)展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance 116第三產業(yè)tertiary industry 117第二職業(yè) second employment 118倒爺 profiteer 119黨性one’s Party morale 120黨群關系 Party-masses relationship 121待業(yè) job-waiting 122大腕top notch（singer etc.）123大排檔 sidewalk snack booth 124大路貨staple goods 125打破僵局to break the deadlock 126打假to crack down on counterfeit goods 127打白條to issue IOUs 128磁懸浮列車 magnetic suspension 129春運（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival 130傳銷pyramid selling 131吃皇糧 to receive salaries，subsidies，or other supported from the government 132吃大鍋飯the egalitarian practice of“everybody eating from the same big pot” 133超計劃生育 to have more children than what is planned 134參政議政意識 the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs 135菜籃子工程 the shopping basket

project 136部優(yōu)產品Ministry-recognized

quality goods 137不正之風 unhealthy practice（tendency）138不良風氣 unhealthy ways and customs 139不合理收費，集資和攤牌 to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 140不顧條件，一哄而起 to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 141撥亂反正 to set things right 142 變相漲價 disguised inflation 143本位主義 departmentalism 144保重點，不撒胡椒面 Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere 145包干到戶work contracted to households 146半拉子工程uncompleted project 147擺門面 to put up an impressive front 148百年不遇 once-in-a-century 149百花齊放，百家爭鳴 Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 150把已經確定的方針政策措施落到實處 to get the set principles，policies and measures implemented 151把眼光放遠一些 to have a broad view 152把握正確的輿論導向 to properly guide the public opinion 153按勞分配 distribution according to one’s performance 154安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families 155“一條龍”服務 coordinated-process service 156“豆腐渣”工程 jerry-built project 157“達標”活動 “target hitting” activities

節(jié)氣1大寒Greater Cold 2小寒Lesser Cold 3冬至the Winter Solstice 4大雪Greater Snow 5小雪Lesser Snow 6立冬the Beginning of Winter 7霜降Frost’s Descent 8秋分the Autumnal Equinox 9白露White Dew 10處暑the Limit of Heat 11立秋the Beginning of Autumn 12大暑Great Heat 13小暑Slight Heat 14夏至the Summer Solstice 15芒種 Grain in Ear 16小滿Grain Full 17立夏the Beginning of Summer 18谷雨Grain Rain 19清明Pure Brightness 20春分the Spring Equinox 21驚蟄the Waking of Insects 22雨水Rain Water 23立春the Beginning of Spring 24寒露Cold Dew 25二十四節(jié)氣 the twenty-four solar terms

第三篇：國際貿易專有名詞及翻譯

1.Uneven distribution

2.comparative advantage 3.absolute advantage.4 cost advantagemarket share economies of scale labor /capital /tech/resource intensive economy supplying /demanding country 1.2.比較優(yōu)勢 3絕對優(yōu)勢

4.成本優(yōu)勢

5.市場份額 6 規(guī)模經濟

7勞動/資金/技術/資源密集型經濟

8供給/需求國

9.Foreign/local currency 10.Exchange rate 11.Target market 12.Export license 13.Quota 14.Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade 9.外/本幣 10.匯率 11.目標市場 12.出口許可證 13.定量、配額

14:（進、出口、過境）貿易 15.Credit reference

16.Commodity inspection 17.Customs clearance

18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade 19.International/Domestic trade 20.Export license

15.資信證明

16.商檢

17.清關、結關

18.直接、間接、轉口貿易 19.國際、國內貿易 20 出口許可證 21.General/Special

trade 22.Direct / Indirect trade

23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade

24.：settlement instrument： Barter/ free-liquidation trade 21.一般貿易/特殊貿易

22.直接/間接貿易

23.有形、無形產品貿易 24.易貨、自由結算貿易

mate’s receipt收貨單、大副收據 shipping note裝貨通知單

the bill of lading提單

shipping advice 發(fā)貨通知書

1.consumer durables 2.quote a price

3.cross-border transactions 4.customary practice 5.loading fee 6.dividing line 7.actual delivery 1.耐用消費品

2.報價

3.跨境（國界）交易 4.慣例

5.裝載費 6.分界線 7.實際交貨

１０．

arrival contract 11.Customs clearance 12.Customs formalities 13.delivery 14.inspection

15.Means of transport １０.到達合同 1１.清關、結關 1２.報關手續(xù) 1３.交貨 1４.檢驗 1５.運輸工具

16.Mode of transport

17.Shipment contract 18.Symbolic delivery

19.Transfer of risks

16.運輸方式 １７．裝運合同 19.象征交貨

20.風險轉移

1: INCOTERMS 2010

(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC

3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC

1.2010年國際貿易術語(通則）2.國際商會

3.美國對外貿易定義修正本 4.質量控制、質量管理

1.EXW(EX works)工廠交貨

2.FCA(Free Carrier)貨交承運人

3.CPT(Carriage Paid To)運費付至

4.CIP(Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)運費、保險費付至

5.DAT(Delivered At Terminal)運輸終端交貨

6.DAP(Delivered At Place)目的地交貨

7.DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完稅后交貨 8.FAS(Free Along Side)船邊交貨

9.FOB(Free On Board)船上交貨

10.CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加運費

11.CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)成本、保險加運費

? 1：FOB liner terms(FOB班輪條件): ?

buyer for all

? 2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊鉤下交貨）:

buyer pays from the moment goods under the

tackle ? 3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理艙費）: ? seller loading and stowing

? 4：FOB Trimmed（FOB包括平艙費）: seller loading、trimming ? 5：FOB stowed and trimmed（FOB包括理、平艙費 ?

seller loading stowing and trimming

1、firm offers

2、offeror

3、offeree

4、terminate 5.acceptance 6 Counter-offer

7.enquiry

8.irrevocable offer 9 withdraw of an offer

1.實盤

2.發(fā)盤方（人）

3.受盤方（人）

終止 5.接受 6.還盤

7.詢價

8.不可撤銷發(fā)盤 9.撤回發(fā)盤 9 Validity periodquotation of an offer 11 Quote CISG（United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９ 有效期 報盤

國際貨物銷售合同公約 形式發(fā)票（Proforma Invoice）報價單（Quotation）訂單(Order)

Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.報價應包括到利物浦的保險費和運費

? 執(zhí)事先生： ?

從澳大利亞大使館得悉貴公司在澳大利亞是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。?

由于本地市場對羊毛材料的需求一直在增長，因此我公司愿在本地區(qū)成為第一個銷售這種產品的公司。?

請郵寄貴方目錄本、價目表以及能提供的各種樣品，同時也請告知貴公司與其它公司做貿易所采用的付款方式。?

盼速復。

謹啟 ? Dear Sirs, ? We learn with pleasure from the Australian Embassy in Beijing that you are producing for export wool sweater.? There is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this type, especially in brighter colors.? We would appreciate receiving your catalogue and full details of your export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you can let us have.? ? ? ? We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully, 敬啟者：

貴方九月五日關于羊毛材料的詢盤已收悉。應要求，我方已另航郵去帶有圖解的說明書，價目表及樣品本。

有關付款方式，我們貿易的一貫做法是采用保兌的不可撤銷的信用證。

由于質地優(yōu)良，價格合理，我們的羊毛材料多年來在世界市場享有盛譽。我們相信我們的產品一定會幫助你們擴大市場銷路。?

盼早復。謹啟 Dear Sirs:

Thank you for your inquiry of Sept.5 on wool material

As requested, we have already sent you the illustrated brochures, price list and sample by airmail.? Concerning the terms of payment , our usual practice is confirmed，irrevocable letter of credit（L/C).Over the years, our wool material has the high reputation of good quality and reasonable prices in the world market.We believe that our products will help you to expand market.We look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully，? Four components in a standard format of a price:

? A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP(貨幣代碼）? A number indicating（表示）the price unit ? A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set ? A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF ? Examples: ? USD225.30/piece CIF New York ? FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set ? Cost of production（生產成本）

? Direct cost（直接成本）: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc.? Administrative costs: overhead經常費用 ? Cost of sales ? Marketing costs: advertising, sales trip expenses, commissions，intermediary services

? Cost of delivery ? Warehousing and transporting charge, insurance premium保險費, taxes稅收and tariffs征收關稅, customs duties（進口稅）

? Anticipated profit margin（預期利潤率）

? in an absolute number ? in a percentage → profit margin ? Capability of target market（目標市場潛力）

? Referring to the consumption power（消費能力）, income level, supply and demand relationship需求關系The higher the capital income of the target market, the higher the price ? Payment terms（付款條件）

? The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment ? Other factors to be considered

? foreign exchange rates

? international market price for similar products policies and regulations規(guī)章制度 in a particular ? If FOB price is available

– CFR = FOB + Ocean Freight ?

? ? Ocean freight（海洋運費）

– Provided by shipping lines（航運公司）– Quoted as packaged price（組合價格）

– Others like “additionals” and “surcharges”（附加費）

– CIF If FOB price is available = FOB + Ocean Freight + Insurance Premium If CFR price is available – CIF = CFR + Insurance Premium Calculation of Insurance Premium(I)– Based on contract value/invoice value + – A markup（上浮，漲價幅度）(normally 10%)to cover incidental costs（雜費）– Formula: I = CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)（保險費率）Therefore – CIF = CFR + CIF x(1+10%)x Premium Rate(R)or – CIF = CFR /(1 – 110% x R)Conversion of FOB to other prices CFR = FOB + F – CIF =(FOB + F)/ [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CFR to other prices – FOB = CFR – F – CIF = CFR / [1 –(1+markup)x R] Conversion of CIF to other prices – FOB = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] – F – CFR = CIF x [1 –(1+markup)x R] Net price（凈價，實價）= basic costs + profit Commission – An incentive payment made to the middlepersons for their intermediary services – Expressed in a fixed figure or in a percentage – Examples ? CFR London GBP100 per doz, including 2% commission ? USD200 per M/T CIFC2% London ? CIFC3 Hamburg USD100/set ?

? ? ?

? ?

Two ways of calculating計算 commission – based on invoice/contract value

? C = contract value x C rate – based on FOB or FCA:

? Under such terms as CFR, CIF, C is calculated before F（freight)and I(insurance)are deducted ? Formula:

– C = price including C(FOB/FCA)x C rate

– Net price = price including C(FOB/FCA)– C

= price including C x(1-C rate)

– Price including C(FOB/FCA)= net price /(1-C rate)– allocation cost

分攤成本 ? –

fixed cost

固定成本 –

overhead

管理經費

– insurance premium保險費

–

tariff

關稅

–

outlet

甩賣,工廠清倉 –

Factory price

出廠價

– Consumption power

消費能力

– Per capita income

個人平均收入

– segment

市場細分 – Production cost

生產成本 – Marketing strategy

營銷策略

– Sales cost

銷售成本

– Delivery cost

運送成本

– Financing cost

融資成本 – anticipated profit

預期利潤

– terms of payment

付款方式

– cost-plus pricing

成本加成定價法 – marginal cost pricing

邊際成本定價法 – buyer based pricing

買方價值定價法 competition based pricing 競爭定價法 export profit margin28 出口盈虧率

export cost for foreign exchang出口換匯成本

break-even point 盈虧平衡點

Local currency 本幣

? markup 加價，上浮

? Face value 票面值，表面價值 ? premium rate 保險率 ?

net price凈價 ?

commission 傭金 ?

discount折扣

? Exchange rate 匯率

Final price

最終價格 ?

total price總價

? unfixed price 非固定價

money of account 計價貨幣 ?

initial pric 最初價格

? Money of payment支付貨幣 ? Unit price 單價

? Price adjustment clause 價格調整條款

? Price including commission 含傭價 ? rebate 減免、退款

? wage index

工資指數

? 出現下列一類的詞句者，皆為虛盤: ?

Subject to prior sale.有權先售。

-All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated.?

所作報價，除特別注明外，須經我方確認后方能生效。

-Our offer is subject to approval of export license.出口許可證準許簽證，我方報價才有效 賣方發(fā)盤，或稱“售貨發(fā)盤”(Selling Offer)

買方發(fā)盤，或稱“購貨發(fā)盤”(Buying Offer)，習稱“遞盤”（Bid）

? offer 報盤，報價

? to offer for 對...報價

? to make an offer for 對...報盤（報價）

? firm offer 實盤

? non-firm offer 虛盤

? to forward an offer(or to send an offer)寄送報盤

to get an offer(or to obtain an offer)獲得...報盤

? to cable an offer(or to telegraph an offer)電報（進行）報價

? offer and acceptance by post 通過郵政報價及接受

? to accept an offer 接受報盤

? to entertain an offer 考慮報盤

? to give an offer 給...報盤

? to submit an offer 提交報盤

official offer 正式報價（報盤）

? 指示性價格 price indication ? 速復 reply immediately ? 參考價 reference price ?習慣做法 usual practice

? 交易磋商 business negotiation

? 不受約束 without engagement ? 業(yè)務洽談 business discussion ? 限**復 subject to reply **

? 限* *復到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity

? 有效至**: valid till **

? 購貨合同 purchase contract

? 銷售合同 sales contract

? 購貨確認書 purchase confirmation ? 銷售確認書 sales confirmation

? 一般交易條件 general terms and conditions ? 以未售出為準 subject to prior sale

? 需經賣方確認 subject to seller's confirmation

? 需經我方最后確認 subject to our final confirmation

? 憑規(guī)格買賣

sale by specification ? 憑等級買賣

sale by grade ? 憑標準買賣

sale by standard ? 憑說明書買賣

sale by illustration

? 憑品牌或商標買賣

sale by brand or trade mark ? 憑產地名稱買賣

sale by name of origin

? 憑說明書和圖樣買賣sale by description and illustration ? F.A.Q.（fair average quality）良好平均品質

? G.M.Q.（good merchantable quality）上好可銷品質。合同中的品質條款

（一）基本內容（見例）?

1、Sample No.612 Cloth Doll ?

2、White Rice，Long-Shaped，?

Broken Grains（max.）25% ?

Admixture（max.）0.25% ?

Moisture（max.）15% ?

3、T101 MAXAM Dental Cream ? Quality as per sample No.123 and technical feature indicated in the illustrations submitted by seller.? ? ? ? ? ?

品質以賣方提供的第123號樣品和說明書的技術標準為準。

5、Quality and technical data as per Seller‘s catalogue page 123 and line 16.品質和技術數據以賣方提供的樣本第123頁第16行為準。、Quality and technical data to be in conformity with the attached technical agreement which forms an integral part of this contract.品質和技術數據符合本合同所附技術協議書。

機動幅度（Quality latitude）：規(guī)定范圍（38/39“）

規(guī)定極限（max.min.）

規(guī)定上下差異（2% more or less）

品質公差（Quality tolerance)：國際、行業(yè)公認、合同規(guī)定 品質的增減價條款：

含油量

每±1%，合同價格±1.5% 常用計量單位：

千克（Kilogram, kg.）噸（ton, t）

公噸（metric ton, m/t）長噸（long ton, 1/t）短噸（short ton，s/t）公擔（quintal.q.）克（gram, gm.）磅（pound, lb.）盎司（ounce, oz）克拉（carat, car）

適用貨物：一般天然產品，以及部分工業(yè)制成品。如，羊毛、棉花、谷物、礦產品、油類、沙鹽、藥品等。碼（yard, yd.）米（meter, m.）英尺（foot, ft）? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 厘米（centi-meter, cm.）? 公里（kilometer, km）

適用貨物：紡織品匹頭、繩索、電線電纜等。

? 箱case;c.c/s ? 只piece;pc ? 紙箱carton

? 件package;pkg ? 聽tin ? 包bale

? 打dozen;doz.? 罐can

? 桶drum or barrel ? 套set ? 盒box

? 袋sack or bag

? 瓶bottle ? 簍/筐basket

? 羅gross;gr(12 doz)

? 大羅great gross(12 gr）? 令ream;rm ? 卷roll

? 張piece/sheet ? 雙pair ? 對yoke ? 頭head 常用單位：

?平方英尺square foot,sq.ft ?平方碼square yard, sq.yd ?平方米square meter,sq.m

適用貨物：玻璃板、地毯、皮制產品、塑料制品等。如：塑料篷布，塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網等。常用單位：

?平方英尺square foot,sq.ft ?平方碼square yard, sq.yd ?平方米square meter,sq.m

適用貨物：玻璃板、地毯、皮制產品、塑料制品等。如：塑料篷布，塑料地板、皮革、鐵絲網等。

? 立方米 cubic meter, cu.m ? 立方英尺 cubic foot, cu.ft ? 立方碼 cubic yard, cu.yd

? 適用貨物：天然氣、化學氣體，木材等。

? 公升（litre, or l.）, ? 加侖（gallon, or gal.）? 蒲式耳（bushel, or bu.）

適用貨物：谷物類，以及部分流體、氣體物品。如，小麥、玉米；煤油、汽油，酒精、啤酒、雙氧水、天然瓦斯等。、毛重

GROSS WEIGHT

凈重

NET WEIGHT

理論重量

THEORETICAL WEIGHT、法定重量

LEGAL WEIGHT

運輸標志（Shipping Mark）指示性標志（Indicative Mark）警告性標志（Warning Mark）中性包裝（Neutral Packing OEM（原始設備制造商）到ODM（原始設計制造商）到OBM（原始品牌制造商）

正常提單（Current B/L）它是指在信用證的條件下，賣方在信用證規(guī)定的交單期內提交給銀行議付貨款的提單。

? 過期提單（stale B/L）過期提單有兩種含義：

①是指出口商在裝船后延滯過久才交到銀行議付的提單；

②是提單晚于貨物到達目的港，這種提單也稱為過期提單。這種情況是近洋運輸中經常出現的，所以，近洋國家間的貿易合同一般都規(guī)定有“過期提單也可接受”（stale B/L is acceptable）的條款。

倒簽提單（Anti-dated B/L）

? 承運人應托運人的要求，簽發(fā)提單的日期早于實際裝船日期的提單。目的是符合信用證對裝船日期的規(guī)定，便于在信用證下結匯。

預借提單（Advanced B/L）

? 又稱無貨提單，它是指在信用所結匯期，即信用證的有效期即將屆滿，而貨物尚未裝船或尚未裝船完畢的情況下，托運人為了能及時結匯，而要求承運人提前簽發(fā)的已裝船清潔提單。

? ? ? ? ? 保險人或承保人----保險公司(Insurer)被保險人或投保人----要保人（Insured)保險標的----保險對象

保險價值----保險標的的貨幣計算(Insured Value)保險金額----是被保險人對保險標的的實際保金額, 也是保險人計算報廢和承擔賠償責任的最大限度的依據.1.可保利益（insurable interest）原則

投保人對保險標的具有保險利益。國際貨運保險要求在保險標的發(fā)生損失時必須具有保險利益。

2.最大誠信（utmost good faith）原則

雙方恪守信用，保險人說明保險條款內容，投保人應就重要事實的申報、保證。

3.經濟補償（indemnity）原則近因（proximate cause）原則

保險人只對承保風險與保險標的損失之間有直接因果關系的損失負賠償責任，對保險責任范圍外的風險造成的保險標的的損失，不承擔賠償責任。

5.代位求償(Subrogation)原則

當損失是由于第三方造成，通常情況，保險人向第三方追償或向保險人追償，二選一。若先選擇向保險人追償，則保險人代被保險人追償由于第三方對于保險標的造成的損失的賠償

6.分擔(Share)原則

重復保險分攤原則是指投保人向多個保險人重復保險時，投保人的索賠只能在保險人之間分攤，賠償金額不得超過損失金額。海上風險（perils of the sea 外來風險（extraneous risks 實際全損（actual total loss）

推定全損（constructive total loss）單獨海損（particular average）共同海損（general average）

施救費用（sue and labor expenses）救助費用（salvage charges）

水漬險（with particular average, W.P.A.）一切險(all risks, A.R.一般附加險

（General Additional Insurance）特別附加險

（Special Additional Insurance）

?平安險、水漬險和一切險的起止時間采用 “倉對倉條款”（warehouse to warehouse clause）W/W ? 保險公司對被保險貨物所承擔的保險期限為：從被保險貨物遠離保險單上載明的起運港（地）發(fā)貨人的倉庫開始，包括運輸過程，一直到貨物運達保險單 載明的目的港（地）收貨人的倉庫為止。

1.協會貨物（A）險條款

Institute Cargo Clauses A ,簡稱ICC（A）2.協會貨物（B）險條款

Institute Cargo Clauses B, 簡稱ICC（B 協會貨物（C）險條款

Institute Cargo Clauses C, 簡稱ICC（C）

4.協會戰(zhàn)爭險條款（貨物）

（Institute War Clauses--Cargo）；

5.協會罷工險條款（貨物）

（Institute Strikes Clauses--Cargo）；

6.惡意損害險條款

（Malicious Damage Clauses）

承保范圍（risks covered）

除外責任（exclusions）、保險期限（duration）、索賠

（claims）、保險利益（benefit of delay）、減少損失（minimizing losses）、防止延遲（avoidance of delay）

法律慣例（law and practice）。

? Insurance policy 保險單（大保單）

?

Insurance certificate 保險憑證（小保單）

? Cargo Transportation Insurance

貨物運輸保險 1.commercial expediency 2.premium 3.insurant 4.underwriter 5.scope of coverage 6.The indemnified

7.the assured 8.the insurer 9.the claimant

10.insurable interest

11.the insurable interest principle 1.商業(yè)便利

2.保險費 3.被保險人 4.保險公司

5.（保險）責任范圍

6.被 賠償者 7.被保險人

8、承保人，保險公司 9：

賠償請求人 10

可保利益

11、可保利益原則 12.pecuniary 13.policy 14.void

15.The utmost good faith principle 16.peril

17.The indemnity principle 12.金錢的 13.保險單 14 無效的 15.信任原側 16.危險

17.賠償原則

18.The proximate cause principle.The subrogation principle 20.The share principle 21.Actual total loss 22.Combined certificate

23、constructive total loss24、contribution

25、exclusion

26、external risks

27、extraneous risks

18、近因原則

19、代位原則

20、分攤原則

21、實際全損

22、聯合保險憑證

23、推定全損

24、分攤

25、除外責任

26、外部險 27

附加險

28.Fortuitous risks 29.Franchise

30.General average 31.General risks 32.Insurance certificate

33、insurance claim

34、insurance cover

35、insurance policy

36、insurance premium

37、insurance rate 28.意外險 29.免賠率

３０．

共同海損

31、一般險

32、保險憑證

33、保險索賠

34、保險范圍

35、保險單

36、保險費

37、保險費率

38.Natural calamity 39.Open policy 40.Partial loss

41.Particular average 42.Perils of the sea

43、special risks

44、subject matter

45、sum insured

46、total loss

47、unexpected accidents 38.自然災害

39.預約保險單 40.部分損失

41、單獨海損

42、海上 風險

43、特種險

44、標的物

45、投保金額

46、全損

意外事故 1: CIC 2:

FPA 3: GA 4: ICC 5: IOP 6: PICC 7: SRCC 8: TPND 9:WPA

10: W/W Clause 1.中國保險條款

2.平安險

3.共同海損分擔 4.倫敦保險業(yè)條款

5.不計免賠

6.中國人民保險公司 7.罷工暴動內亂險

8.偷竊、提貨不著險

9:水漬險

10.倉至倉條款

? The insurable interest principle 可保利益原則

? The utmost good faith principle最大誠信原則 ? The indemnity principle賠償原則 ? The proximate principle近因原則

? The subrogation principle 代位求償原則

? The share principle分攤原則

1.出票（Issue）

2.提示（Presentation）3.承兌（Acceptance）4.付款（Payment 5.背書（Endorsement

6.拒付和追索（Dishonor＆Recourse 付款交單（D/P）

承兌交單（D/A）D/P即期付款方式 D/P after 90 days付款

信用證（Letter of Credit,L/C）.預支信用證（anticipatory

L/C）

.循環(huán)信用證（revolving credit）備用信用證(Standby Letter of Credit)

1.acceptance

2.anticipatory credit 3.back to back credit 4.beneficiary

5.bill of exchange 6.check

7.clean bill

8.clean collection 9.clean credit

10.confirmed L/C

11.deferred payment 12.discount 1.承兌

2.預支信用證 3.背對背信用證 4.受益人、收款人 5.匯票 6.支票 7.光票 8.光票托收 9.光票信用證 10.保兌信用證

11.延付貨款 12.貼現

12.Documentary bill 13.Documentary letter of credit 14.endorsement 15.Factoring 16.forfeiting 17.Irrevocable 12.跟單匯票 13.跟單信用證 14.背書 15.保理

16.福費庭、包買票據 17.不可撤銷的

18.Paying instrument.Payment by installment 20.Payment by advance 21.Payment term 22.presentation

23、promissory note24、reciprocal credit

25、red clause credit

26、remittance

27、revocable L/C

18、支付工具

19、分期付款 20、預付

21、付款條件

22、提示

23、本票

24、對開信用證

25、紅條款信用證

26、匯付

可撤銷信用證 28.Revolving credit 29.Sight draft 30.Sight L/C 31.Standby L/C 32.tenor

33、time/usance draft

34、transferable L/C

28.循環(huán)信用證

29.即期匯票

30.即期信用證 31.備用信用證 32.期限

33.遠期匯票

34.可轉讓信用證

1:

D/D 2:

M/T 3:

T/T 4:

D/P 5:

D/A 6:

FCI 7:

L/C 8:

L/G 9: URC 522 10: UCP600

1.即期匯票 2.信匯 3.電匯 4.付款交單 5.承兌交單

6.國際保理聯合商會 7.信用證 8.保函

9.托收統一規(guī)則

10.跟單信用證統一慣例600 11.Disputes, Claim and Arbitration 12.爭議、索賠、仲裁

第四篇：四級翻譯專有名詞匯總..

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四級翻譯專有名詞匯總

1.中國歷史與文化

京劇 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kung Fu 太極Tai Chi

口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戲puppet show 皮影戲 shadow play

折子戲 opera highlights 雜技 acrobatics

相聲 witty dialogue comedy 刺繡 embroidery

蘇繡 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 書法 calligraphy

中國畫 traditional Chinese painting 水墨畫 Chinese brush painting 中國結 Chinese knot 中國古代四大發(fā)明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火藥 gunpowder 印刷術printing 造紙術 paper-making 指南針 the compass 青銅器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain;china 唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰藍cloisonne 秋千swing 武術 martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoism 墨家 Mohism 法家 Legalism 佛教 Buddhism 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu 莊子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu

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孫子Sun Tzu 象形文字 pictographic characters 文房四寶(筆墨紙研)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大學》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《論語》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孫子兵法》The Art of War 《三國演義》Three Kingdoms 《西游爺己》Journey to the West 《紅樓夢》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水滸傳》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海經》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《資治通鑒》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史記》Historical Records 《詩經》The Book of Songs 《易經》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《禮記》The Book of Rites 《三字經》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay 五言絕句 five-character quatrain 七言律詩 seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam 中山裝 Chinese tunic suit 唐裝 Tang suit 風水 Feng Shui;geomantic omen

陽歷 Solar calendar 陰歷 Lunar calendar 閏年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春節(jié) the Spring Festival 元宵節(jié) the Lantern Festival 清明節(jié) the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午節(jié) the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋節(jié) the Mid-autumn Day 重陽節(jié) the Double-ninth Day 七夕節(jié) the Double-seventh Day 春聯 spring couplets 廟會 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker

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年畫(traditional)New Year pictures 壓歲錢 New Year gift-money 舞龍dragon dance 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花燈 festival lantern 燈謎 lantern riddle 舞獅 lion dance 踩高蹺 stilt walking 賽龍舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山東菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粵菜 Canton cuisine 揚州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月餅 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油條 deep-fried dough sticks 豆?jié){ soybean milk 饅頭 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鴨 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 餛飩 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 燒餅 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒飯 fried rice with egg 糖葫蘆 tomatoes on sticks 火鍋hot pot 長城 the Great Wall of China 烽火臺 beacon tower 秦臺皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵馬俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 絲綢之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 華清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五臺山"Wutai Mountain 九華山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai

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黃山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宮 the Imperial Palace 天壇 the Temple of Heaven 午門 Meridian Gate 大運河 Grand Canal 護城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸關 Juyongguan Pass 九龍壁 the Nine Dragon Wall 黃帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 蘇州園林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨溝 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布達拉宮Potala Palace 鼓樓 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔廟 Confucius Temple 樂山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha 十八羅漢 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama

2.中國經濟

總需求 aggregate demand 總供給 aggregate supply 企業(yè)文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企業(yè)形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image 跨國公司 cross-national corporation 創(chuàng)業(yè)精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit 外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise 獵頭公司head-hunter 假日經濟 holiday economy 人力資本human capital 航空和航天工業(yè)aerospace industry 飛機制造工業(yè)aircraft industry 電子工業(yè) electronic industry 汽車制造工業(yè) car industry 娛樂業(yè) entertainment industry 信息產業(yè) information industry 知識密集型產業(yè) knowledge-intensive industry 國有大中型企業(yè) large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

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輕工業(yè) light industry 博彩業(yè) lottery industry 制造業(yè) manufacturing industry 壟斷行業(yè) monopoly industries 市場多元化 market diversification 市場經濟 market economy 市場監(jiān)管 market supervision 購買力 purchasing power 牛市 bull market 城鎮(zhèn)化 urbanization 房地產 real estate 首付 down-payment 業(yè)主 home owner 個人購房貸款 individual housing loan 經濟全球化 economic globalization 經濟特區(qū) special economic zones(SEZ)經濟增長 economic growth 泡沫經濟 bubble economy 關稅tariff 納稅人tax payer 宏觀經濟macro economy 貨幣投放量 the size of money supply 流動性過剩excess liquidity 經濟過熱 overheated economy 通貨膨脹inflation 抑制通貨膨脹curb inflation 注入流動性 to inject liquidity 貼現率 discount rate 存款準備金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公開市場業(yè)務 open market operation(OMO)逆回購 reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引導降低市場借貸成本

to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策prudent monetary policy 微調貨幣政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬著陸 hard landing 軟著陸 soft landing 二十國集團 Group of Twenty(G2O)財政部長 Finance Minister 全年預期經濟增長目標the expected growth target for the whole year 經濟活力 economic vitality 大規(guī)模經濟刺激計劃 a massive economic stimulus package 結構改革 structural reform 硬資產 hard assets

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軟資產 soft assets 有形資產 tangible assets 經濟走廊 economic corridor 整頓市場秩序 to rectify the market order 反壟斷 antitrust;anti-monopoly 定價浮動 price fluctuations 謀求利益最大化 to maximize profit 債務審計audit of debt 地方性政府債務 local government debt/liability 公共財政體制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 債務管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support 3.中國社會

多元文化論 cultural pluralism 文化適應 acculturation 社會保障 social security 班車 shuttle bus 相定遷戶 a relocated unit or household 大齡青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 獨生子女 the only child in a family 單親 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服務 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity 農村剩余勞動力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty 全民健身運動 nationwide fitness campaign 全國人口普查 nationwide census 性騷擾 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling 性別歧視 gender/sexual discrimination 年齡歧視 age discrimination 工作歧視 job discrimination 享樂主義hedonism 文盲 illiteracy 貧富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盜版 pirated/illegal copies 一國兩制 One Country, Two Systems 三個代表 the Three Represents Theory 兩會(人大、政協)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation

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南北對話 North-South Dialog 人大常委會 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制觀念 awareness of law 法制國家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革開放 reform and opening-up 公務員 civil servants 官僚主義作風 the bureaucratic style of work 和諧并存 harmonious coexistence 計劃生育 family planning 計劃生育基本國策 the basic state policy of family planning 精神文明建設 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委會 neighborhood committee 科教興國 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 sustainable development 廉潔高效 honesty and high efficiency 兩岸關系 cross-straits relations 兩岸談判 cross-straits negotiations 領土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普選制 general election system 求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 畢業(yè)生分配 graduate placement;assignment of graduate 充電 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大學城 college town 大學社區(qū) college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等學府 institution of higher education 綜合性大學 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts 理工科大學 college / university of science and engineering 師范學院 teachers’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校擴招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年義務教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 物質文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社會 a well-off society

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小康水平a well-off standard 一個中國原則 the one-China principle 與時俱進 keep pace with the times 綜合國力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(戰(zhàn)略)going global 不結盟 non-alignment 單邊主義 unilateralism 多邊政策 multilateralism 多極世界 multipolar world 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社區(qū)服務 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盜用公款embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults 在職進修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education

第五篇：專有名詞翻譯對照

淺談最優(yōu)化理論在實際生活中的應用 Application of The Optimization Theory in Actual Life 最優(yōu)化理論The optimization theory