第一篇：初二英語下冊第一單元

Lesson 1what’s the matter?

一．重點句子。

1.What’s the matter/with you?

I have a stomachache/ cold / toothache / headache / sore back / sore throat 2.What’s the matter with him? He has a toothache

3.What’s the matter with her?She has a sore back.4.What’s the matter with them?They have a sore throat.二．重點短語。

1.have a fever 發(fā)燒3.have a toothache 牙疼5.drink enough water 喝足夠的水7.have a stomachache 胃疼9.have a sore throat 喉嚨痛11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片15.put some medicine on sth.在??上面敷藥17.sound like 聽起來像19.in the same way ? 以同樣的方式21.go along 沿著??走23.shout for help 大聲呼救25.get off 下車27.to one’ s surprise 使.......[京訝的29.in time 及時31.get into trouble 造成麻煩33.because of 由于35.hurt oneself 受傷38.feel sick 感到惡心 三．重點句型。

1.What’ s the matter?什么事？怎么啦？ What’ s the matter with you?你怎么了？ = What’s the trouble with you?

= What’ s wrong with you?2.I have a sore throat.我喉嚨痛。

havevt.患（得）病,（不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)）He had a bad cold last week.他上周患了重感冒。3.She often has a stomachache.她常胃（肚子）疼。

4.在英語中，表達(dá)“疼痛或不舒服”時的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)主語+have/has+病癥

(2)主語+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位

2.have a cough 咳嗽4.talk too much 說得太多 6.have a cold 受涼;感冒 8.have a sore back 背疼

10.lie down and rest 躺下來休息 12.see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)

14.take one’ s temperature 量體溫16.feel very hot 感到很熱 18.all weekend 整個周末 20.go to a doctor 看醫(yī)生

22.on the side of the road 在馬路邊 24.without thinking twice 沒有多想 26.have a heart problem 有心臟病 28.thanks to 多虧了 ；由于 30.save a life 挽救生命32.right away 立刻；馬上34.get out of 離開;從??出萍 37.fall down 摔倒

sore 是一個獨立的形容詞，指的是身體某一部位的酸痛。如：sore back, sore throat,sore back,sore neck.(3)主語+have/has+a+部位-ache

-ache作后綴，常與表示身體部位的名詞合成一個新詞，表身體某部位疼痛，如：toothache , headache , stomachache.(4)(There is)something wrong with +one’s+部位

某人某部位不舒服/出了毛病。

5.2.What should she do?

她該怎么辦呢？

Should I take my temperature?

我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎？

主語+ should/shouldn’t + 動詞原形...（should情態(tài)動詞“應(yīng)該”，shouldn’t “不應(yīng)該”, 其后接動詞原形, 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 用于提出建議。）

①You should lie down and rest.你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會兒。

You should drink some hot water.你應(yīng)該喝點熱水。

② You shouldn’ t go out at night.你晚上不應(yīng)該出去。

She shouldn’t go to the party.她不應(yīng)該去參加晚會。

※用來表示建議還可能用以下句型：

Let’s go to play soccer.我們?nèi)ヌ咦闱虬伞?/p>

Why not go home together?

為什么不一起回家呢？(一起回家吧。)

How /What about watching TV?

看電視好嗎？

6.I'm not feeling well.=I don't feel well.我覺得不舒服。

feel v.(自己)感覺到??，(心情)覺得??，＋形容詞

I feel hungry/sick.我覺得餓(不舒服)。

The good words made her feel good.那些好話使她覺得心里很舒服。

I hope you feel better soon.我希望你能馬上感覺好點。

better 是well的比較級。

7.Do you have a cold?

你感冒了嗎？

cold在這里是名詞，意為“感冒”。

患感冒：have a cold, catch(a)cold, get a cold.※cold還可用作形容詞, 意為“冷的, 寒冷的”。

It's so cold today that I have a cold.今天太冷了, 我都感冒了。

※第一個cold是形容詞，第二個cold是名詞。

四.練習(xí)。

（一）單項選擇題。

1.I hope _________________.A.you better soon.B.you to be better soon.C.you are better soon.D.you’ll be better soon.2.–I feel tired.--____________________.A.Why not go to bed?

B.You’d better go to bed.C.Why don’t you go to bed?

D.All above.3.– _______does he take this

medicine?

--Twice a day.A.How soonB.How long

C.How muchD.How often

4.There is _______with my back.A.wrong something

B.something wrong

C.wrong anything

D.anything wrong

5.If you ____this medicine threetimes a day;you ___ better soon.A.take;will get

B.will take;get

C.take;get

D.will take;will get

6.—What is wrong with you?

—My back is very______.A.soreB.hurtsC.hurtingD.pain

7.---__________________?

---I have a sore back.A.What’s the matter?

B.What’s wrong with you ?

C.Do you have a sore back?

D.either A or B

8.The nurse ____ his temperature and

found he had a bad fever.A.takeB.takesC.took

9.--What’s the matter ____ you, Lucy?

--Nothing much.A.onB withC.toD.of

10.Billy had a _____ fever, so he didn’t go to school today.A.tallB.bigC.highD.height

（二）填空

1.-How many f___ does a cat have?

-Four.2.-What’s the matter with you ?

-I have a s___ throat.3.The doctor give me a lot of a______.4.-I ’m s______ out.-You need a rest.（三）寫作

1.根據(jù)提示給你的英語老師寫一張請假條。

have a fever;doctor told me to stay in bed for two days;can’t go to school today;tomorrow;hope get well;very soon;thank you

2.Tom每天都不能按時上交老師留的作業(yè), 請你至少給他寫5條建議, 建議要合情合理。Tom can’t finish the homework on time.I think he should take the advice like:

He should ?

第二篇：初二下冊英語冀教版教案第一單元

Lesson 1: What’s the Weather Like?

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: rather, shower, rise, rose, risen, set Oral words and expressions: thunder, storm, sunrise, sunset Teaching Aims: Talking about weather Teaching Important Points: 1.Describe the weather in spring;2.Talk about the temperature.Teaching Difficult Points: Describe the nature phenomenon.Teaching preparation: the pictures of spring Teaching Aids: audiotape;flashcards;pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Free talk 1.What weather do you like? Why or why not? 2.What sports can you do in this season? Step2.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”

Let the students work in groups and answer the following questions: 1.Look outside.What’s the weather like today? 2.How does this weather make you feel? Step3.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the weather like today?2.It is snowing, isn’t it?

3.what’s the temperature?4.is it going to rain today, isn’t it? Step4.Read the text and check the answers.Read the text in roles.Step5.Practice：Work in three students.Suppose you are a weather reporter.Now report today’s weather to the others in your group.Then report it to the class.Step6.Practice：Make up a dialogue between two or three students in class.It is about the weather in spring.Let some students act it out before the class.Step7.Homework 1.Find something that represents spring and show it to the class next time.2.Finish off the activity book.Lesson 2: It’s Getting Warmer!

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: become, became, become, fact Oral words and expressions: daylight, melt, lightning, fascinating Teaching Aim: 1.Know something more about spring;2.The compound words.Teaching Important Points: 1.When does spring begin? 2.How many hours of daylight are there on March 21st? 3.What is the weather like? Teaching Difficult Points: the compound words Teaching Preparation: some pictures of spring Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, some pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Let the students on duty reports the weather to the class.The others listen and decide it is right or wrong.Step2.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the date today?

2.How many ways can you write dates? 3.How many hours of daylight are there on March 21st? 4.What is spring weather like? 5.What is the temperature of the air near lighting? Step3.Read the text and check the answers.Step4.Listen to the tape again and imitate after it until they can read it fluently and correctly.Step5.Ask the students to ask other questions according to the text.You can begin like this: 1.When does the sun rise in the morning and when does it set in the evening? 2.Does it snow in early spring? 3.What is sometimes with thunder and lighting? Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Work in groups and discuss these questions.Then let them report it to the class.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Write a composition about spring.Summary: We are enjoying spring now.We can feel it is warmer than before.But not all of us know when the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening.Let the students observe after class, write it down and report it to the class.It can cultivate the students’ interests of learning

English.Lesson 3: Postcards!

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: road Oral words and expressions: outdoors Teaching Aim: 1.Grasp how to write a letter and the address.2.Know more about the spring in China and Canada.Teaching Important Points: 1.Find the differences between China and Canada in spring.3.Find the differences between the clothes that we wear in winter and in spring.Teaching Difficult Points: 1.What’s the weather like in Edmonton?

2.How to express one’s idea easily in a letter? Teaching Preparation: a postcard Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, postcards Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Free Talk：Let the students work in three and talk about the sports that we often do in spring.Then give a talk for the class.Step2.Have a match Read the text and see who read it best.Remember to encourage the students who preview the new lesson.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it.Play the tape for several times until they can read it fluently and correctly.Step4.Ask the students to find questions and solve them.They can ask the questions like this: 1.How did Li Ming go to school on March twenty-first? 2.What’s the temperature that afternoon? 3.What time does the sun rise this morning? 4.Is it snowing in Canada? 5.When does it often snow in winter? 6.Did Danny fall in the snow? Step5.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”

Write a postcard to your friend to introduce the weather here.Then write the address and stick a stamp on it.Mail it in the post office.Step6.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Listen to the song in Lesson 4.Summary:Written English is an important part in English learning.Practice is the key to it.Do they have the spelling mistakes or the grammar mistakes in the writing? Find out and help them come over it.Pay more attention to the writing because it’s an important part of communication.Lesson 4: Sun Is Rising Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: one by one, change Oral words and expressions: hillside, gently, blossom Teaching Aim: Enjoy the beauty of the spring Teaching Important Point: Grasp the changes that spring bring us Teaching Difficult Points: How to use “warm” and “gently”.Teaching Preparation: something that represents spring Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures or flowers Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Read the song aloud as a poem.This song has this song has common English words: come with me, through the trees, one by one, the flowers blossom.Translate these expressions into English.Step2.Play the audiotape and let the students just listen with the eye closed.Step3.Play the tape again and let the students sing with it.Step4.Explain the common English expressions.Step5.Practice the song a few times, with and without the audiotape.Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.STEP7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Write down what you can see in spring.Summary We use this lesson to cultivate the students’ sense of enjoying English songs.Pay attention to the rhyme, rhythm and repetition in the song.Learning English songs is a little difficult from Chinese songs.Find the ways in which we can learn fast.Lesson 5: Fun in the Sun Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: shall, kick Oral words and expressions: cycling, How/What about?? Shall we?? Teaching Aims: How to enjoy oneself in spring.Teaching Important Points: 1.the sports that we do in spring.2.some drills: How about?? Let’s? Teaching Difficult Points: How to advice sb.to do sth.Teaching Preparation: basketball and soccer Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards and balls Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure:Step1.Listen to the tape of Lesson4 again, then let’s sing the song together.Step2.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions: 1.What’s the degree?

2.What will Danny wear tomorrow? 3.What will they do after school? 4.Why don’t Danny like basketball?

Step3.Read the text and check the answers.Then read the text again.Step4.Act the dialogue out in front of the class.Step5.Make up a similar dialogue according to the text.Let’s the students act it out in front of the class.Step6.Come to “PROJECT”.Divide the class into several groups.Write the answers down.Ask the several groups to change their answers.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Review the last lesson.Summary Spring is a beautiful season.It’s the favourite season of many people.In this season, everything begins to turn green.Spring represents the beginning.We have many things to do in it.We can fly kites and play ball games.Running in the wind is what we like to do in our childhood.Lead your students to think hard what they like to do in this season.Let them talk freely in the class.Lesson 6.Danny the babysitter

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: playground, hold, hold on, come down, push Oral words and expressions: babysitter, babysit, Debbie, bar, swing, swung Teaching Aims: 1.We should love each other.2.The duty of a babysitter Teaching Important Points: 1.How to demonstrate one thing clearly.3.Cultivate the spirit of loving each other.Let’s love life and peace.Teaching Difficult Points: Some verb phrases: turn around, hold on, fall off, run to, come down, climb on, give sb.a push Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Work in pairs.Tell your partner what you did after school yesterday.The teacher walks around to provide help if necessary.Step2.Skim the text and ask questions by the students themselves.Then solve them by themselves, too.Let some students write their questions on the blackboard.Then let others answer them.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it until they can read it correctly and fluently.Step4.Ask some students to come to the front and act it out.Pay attention to who is clever enough to add something new.Step5.Retell the story in a third person.Step6.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT”.In a group of three, make up a “babysitting” role-play.Ask volunteers to act it out.Then it’s the other students’ turn.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.suppose one day, you become a babysitter, what will you do? Summary When we practice in the class, don’t forget to give chances to the poor students.When they have a little progress, encourage them to work hard.That’s what a good teacher should do.Lesson 7: Danny’s “Debbie” Day

Teaching Content:Mastery words and expressions: herself Oral words and expressions: partly, all day Teaching Aims: 1.Learn to write a diary.2.What do we write in a diary.Teaching Important Points: When we are babysitters, what can we do? Teaching Difficult Points: the Past Tense Teaching Preparation: some toys Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, some toys Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure:Step1.Work in groups.Retell Lesson 6 in Past Tense in a third person.Step2.Read the text silently by students themselves.Then answer the questions in the activity.Check the answers in the class.Step3.Listen to the tape and read after it.Some students may think it is easy to listen with the book.Then listen to the tape again with the book closed.At the same time, the teacher asks some students to repeat some sentences to see if they can listen clearly.Step4.Let some students read the text aloud in front of the class.Let’s have a match.Who can read it fast and correctly? Step5.Practice Work in groups.Write down experience that you have ever been a babysitter.Do you think it easy to be a babysitter? Why or why not? Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Do the exercises on Page 9.Summary Can you write down your experience clearly? We often write in a time order.Expressing your ideas in English is not easy.So give the students more chance to practice.Writing is also an important way to check the grammars.Lesson 8: Unit Review Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions from Lesson1 to Lesson8.Oral words and expressions from Lesson1 to Lesson8.Teaching Aims: 1.Know about more knowledge in spring.There are many things that we don’t know before.2.What sports do people usually do in China and in Canada? Teaching Important Points: 1.What’s the weather like in spring? 2.The sports that we do in spring.Teaching Difficult Points: The using of some expressions: Let’s?, shall we??turn around, come down, finally, then Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Teaching Procedure: Step1.First let’s sing the song together.Step2.Talk with your partners about the differences between the sports that we do in China and in Canada.Step3.Have you ever been a babysitter? Let some students talk about their experience in front of the class.Step4.Finish the exercises on Page7.Find some difficulties and solve them in front of the class.Step5.Let some students talk about what we learn in this unit.What do they want to say about spring? Step6.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity.2.Prepare for a small quiz.Summary

The aim of teaching is not what they learn.The most important is to teach them how to learn.Cultivate the ability of learning by themselves in the class.Encourage them to find and solve questions

in class.

第三篇：初二英語下冊復(fù)習(xí)提綱(第七單元)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?

1.turn… down/turn… up 關(guān)小聲/調(diào)大聲音（電器）

2.turn… on/ turn …off 打開/關(guān)閉（電器）

3.move the bike 移動自行車

4.in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,馬上

5.be late for school/class=arrive late for school 上學(xué)/上課遲到

6.wait in line=stand in line 排隊等候

7.cut in line=jump a queue 插隊

8.get mad/annoyed 變得生氣

9.happen to sb 發(fā)生在…身上

10.half an hour 半小時

11.at first 首先

12.at last=in the end=finally 最后

13.allow sb.to do /not to do sth.允許某人做/不做某事

14.be allowed to do /not to do sth.某人不被允許某人做/不做某事

15.in public 當(dāng)眾地；公開地；公然地

16.in public places 在公共場所

17.break the rule 不遵守規(guī)則

18.pick… up 撿起

19.put …out 熄滅

20.drop litter 扔垃圾

21.keep the voice down 控制聲音

22.do the dishes

23.put on another pair of jeans

24.be at a meeting

25.help me in the kitchen

26.make some posters

27.clothing store

28.follow…around

29.want to be polite

30.stand in the subway door

31.cut in line

32.stand close to..33.have different ideas about

34.feel uncomfortable

35.in all situations

36.in public places

本單元目標(biāo)句型：

1.Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打掃院子嗎?

2.Not at all.I'll do it right away.一點也不.我馬上就掃.3.Would you mind not playing baseball here.你介意不要在這打棒球嗎?

4.Would you mind giving me a smaller one?

5.Sorry, we'll go and play in the park.對不起，我們到公園去打.6.Could you(please)make dinner? 請做晚飯好嗎?

7.That's no problem.沒問題.8.Could you(please)not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you(please)not feed the dog?=Please don't feed the dog, will you?請不要喂狗好嗎?

9.If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.10.Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.11.The store clerk gave you the wrong size.12.The waitress brought you the wrong food.13.The pen you bought didn't work.14.You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger.15.We asked some people what annoyed them.Here's what they said.16.I don't like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.17.This happens to me all the time in the school library.18.Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite.19.The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.20.Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.21.We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.22.Etiquette means normal and polite social behavior.23.This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.24.In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.25.People don't usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this.26.看到有人抽煙你可以說：Could you please put out that cigarette?

27.看到有人亂丟垃圾你可以說：Would you mind picking it up?

28.看到有人插對你可以說：Sorry, would you mind joining the line?

常見動名詞、分詞的習(xí)慣用法總結(jié)

使用-ing分詞的幾種情況

1.在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。如： 1.He is watching TV in the room.2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball？

What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么樣? I am interested in playing football.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中

1).enjoy doing sth 喜歡做某事；

2).finish doing sth； 完成做某事；

3).feel like doing sth 想要做某事；

4).stop doing sth 停止做某事（原來的事）

5).forget doing sth 忘記做過某事；

6).go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事（原來的事）；

7).remember doing sth 記得做過某事；

8).like doing sth 喜歡做某事；

9).find /see/hear/watch sb doing發(fā)現(xiàn)/看到/聽到/觀看某人做

10).try doing sth 試圖做某事；

11).need doing sth 需要做某事；

12).prefer doing sth 寧愿做某事；

13).mind doing sth 介意做某事；

14).miss doing sth 錯過做某事；

15).practice doing sth 練習(xí)做某事；

16).be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；

17).can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；

18).waste time/money doing 浪費時間/金錢做…;

19).keep sb.doing 讓…始終/一直做…

20).stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事

21).prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜歡做A更喜歡做B

22).“do some +doing”短語

如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking

23)．“go doing”短語去做某事（主要指文娛活動等）

如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting(打獵)

注意動詞的過去分詞的常見搭配:

I feel(am/was)excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost

Keep…closed/ a boy called/named Tom

第四篇：初二下冊第一單元作文

初二下冊第一單元作文

無論在學(xué)習(xí)、工作或是生活中，大家一定都接觸過作文吧，作文根據(jù)寫作時限的不同可以分為限時作文和非限時作文。你知道作文怎樣寫才規(guī)范嗎？下面是小編為大家收集的初二下冊第一單元作文，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

我靜靜的坐在教室里，在那孤零的燈下。拿起筆，勾畫一些文字，這次有所不同的是，這篇文章是獻(xiàn)給我最親最愛的卻又非常陌生的一個人——母親。我不知道，在記憶里，母親究竟是什么樣的?更不知道，母親該是一個怎樣的人。

我一直在思考，可得不到答案。

當(dāng)我看著這個題目的時候，我發(fā)呆了，“獻(xiàn)給母親的歌”該怎么去寫，是歌頌她把我?guī)У搅诉@個世界，還是歌頌她給了我生命……我想用腦中的言語來歌頌?zāi)赣H，但卻是一片空白。

我已度過了十七個春秋，可這十七個春節(jié)里，卻沒有母親的存在，有些事情我真的不想太透露的，我的記憶中，母親那是一個陌生的詞語，一場病患，讓我與媽媽再沒有一句對話，她不會再叫我一聲“兒子”，也不會再去吵我去罵我，我的媽媽不會說話，沒有語言能力。

直到現(xiàn)在我仍沒能接受這個現(xiàn)實，每當(dāng)看到別人媽媽喊孩子回家吃飯時，心里羨慕的同時又多了一份心痛;看到別人寫給媽媽的文章時，我再想我的母親是怎樣的?我不知道母愛是什么感覺，有人說很溫暖，很安全，而我卻沒有體會過。母親的愛如涓涓細(xì)流，流過孩子的心田，我的心田卻是干涸的……

也許現(xiàn)實就是如此，現(xiàn)實永遠(yuǎn)改變不了，雖然我不曉得什么是母愛，但我卻明白什么是感恩，我沒有母愛，是上天的不公，我有生命，卻是我的母親賦予的。我不再奢求母親能給我什么，我的母親給了我一個身軀，這一點也許是我永遠(yuǎn)應(yīng)該銘記的。

如果非要歌頌?zāi)赣H什么，我想大聲告訴全世界：感謝母親給了我生命，感謝母親給了我一切。不論母親將來會是什么樣，但她永遠(yuǎn)是我的媽媽，我親愛的母親。她在我的記憶里幾乎為零，但我的一切記憶都是母親所給我的，我的生命沒有母愛，卻有母親。

獻(xiàn)給母親的歌，那應(yīng)該是最感動的，最發(fā)自內(nèi)心的呼喚!

在這漫漫三月，媽媽您的節(jié)日到了--“三八”國際婦女節(jié)。媽媽，借此機會女兒要把心里的歌獻(xiàn)給您。

常聽人說：“世間有部大書，永遠(yuǎn)讀不完，那便是母愛。”的確，您給予我的愛無所不在，無窮無盡。每次放學(xué)回家，迎來的總是您關(guān)切的問候;每次考試完畢，得到的總是您殷切的鼓勵……沐浴著溫馨的母愛，日子一天天過去，我一天天在成長，您卻在一天天地衰老了。

回想以前，您的臉在歲月的無情中刻下了滄桑的烙印，那是苦難歲月留下的一個記念。您含莘茹苦地養(yǎng)育了我們姐妹。一提起想起往事，母親總是先沉默，接著便滔滔不絕地敘說著以前的事情，那些說不清，道不明的苦處啊!不同的是，今天的母親在談完往事后臉上總是現(xiàn)出微笑，那是擺脫困境，對現(xiàn)在生活滿意的一種表現(xiàn)。

隨著時光的流逝，兒時的記憶早已逝去，然而，您那淳淳教誨卻時常在我的腦海里環(huán)繞。您總是說：“我只能給你當(dāng)方向盤，要想成功，只能靠你自己，所以你必須學(xué)會獨立，自己去尋找人生的`航標(biāo)。”

在成長的道路上的每一個驛站，面對著考試的失落，友誼的分裂，讓我倍感寂寞。而您，總是細(xì)心的開導(dǎo)我。：“‘天下無不散的宴席。’這次的分離是為了下一次更好的相遇?！蹦悄敲瓷平馊艘?，讓我懂得這次的分離意味著更好的把握著下次重逢的喜悅。

在不知不覺中，濃厚的母愛早已滲透在我的生活中的點點滴滴中，您用那雙平凡的手為我撐起一片藍(lán)天。

媽媽您對我的愛就像一首唱不完的歌，今天我要把這首歌送給您，因為女兒也一樣愛著您。

第五篇：初二第一單元歷史

1．19世紀(jì)上半期，英國成為最強大的資本主義國家，英國發(fā)動鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的根本原因：19世紀(jì)上半期，為了開辟中國市場，推銷工業(yè)品，掠奪廉價的工業(yè)原料。向中國走私鴉片的直接原因：為了扭轉(zhuǎn)貿(mào)易逆差。

2．1839年，林則徐被道光帝派往廣州進(jìn)行禁煙，進(jìn)行暗訪密查，緝拿煙販，收繳鴉片。6月在虎門海灘銷毀鴉片200多萬斤。歷史意義：這是中國人民禁煙斗爭的偉大勝利，顯示了中華民族反對外來侵略的堅強意志，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這場斗爭的林則徐，成為民族英雄，這次活動成為鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的導(dǎo)火線。

3．1840-1842年，第一次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭以后，中國開始從封建社會逐步淪為半殖民地半封建社會，是中國近代史的開端。

4．1856-1860年，英法聯(lián)軍為進(jìn)一步打開中國的市場（目的），發(fā)動了第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭。1860年占領(lǐng)北京后，火燒圓明園。英法為主兇，美俄為幫兇。

5．在第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前后，俄國強迫清政府簽訂了一系列不平等條約，共割占了中國東北和西北領(lǐng)土一百五十多萬平方公里。（結(jié)合第8頁表格和第9頁圖掌握）

6．1851-1864年太平天國運動，1851年，洪秀全在廣西桂平金田村起義。1853年占領(lǐng)南京改為天京，定為都城，建立起與清朝對峙的政權(quán)。為推翻清朝統(tǒng)治（目的），派軍隊北伐和西征。1860年青浦戰(zhàn)役，李秀成大敗洋槍隊，1862年在浙江寧波慈溪戰(zhàn)役，擊斃洋槍隊頭目華爾（美國人）。

7．19世紀(jì)60至70年代，英國、俄國想爭奪新疆，左宗棠作為欽差大臣，采取“先北后南，緩進(jìn)急戰(zhàn)”的策略，收復(fù)了新疆。為加強西北邊疆的管理和防務(wù)，1884年，清政府在新疆設(shè)立行省。

8．1894-1895年，甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭中，致遠(yuǎn)艦管帶鄧世昌與敵艦同歸于盡，威海衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)役，北洋艦隊全軍覆沒。清政府失敗后，李鴻章與日本首相伊藤博文于1895簽訂了《馬關(guān)條約》，大大加深了中國半殖民地化程度。

9．1900年春，義和團運動矛頭直指帝國主義侵略勢力。是一次反帝愛國運動（性質(zhì)），英、美、俄、日、法、德、意、奧八國聯(lián)軍在英國海軍司令西摩爾率領(lǐng)下，在廊坊被義和團圍困。

10．1901年，清政府被迫同八國簽訂了喪權(quán)辱國的《辛丑條約》，危害：給中國人民增加了新的沉重負(fù)擔(dān)，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了中國的主權(quán)，從此，清政府完全成為帝國主義統(tǒng)治中國的工具。中國完全淪為半殖民地半封建社會。

11．19世紀(jì)60年代到90年代，洋務(wù)派中央以奕為代表，地方以曾國藩、李鴻章、左宗堂、張之洞為代表。掀起一場“師夷長技”的洋務(wù)運動，前期以“自強”為口號，采用西方先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，創(chuàng)辦了安慶內(nèi)軍械所、江南制造總局、福州船政局等一批近代軍事工業(yè)。后期以“求富”為口號，開辦了一些民用工業(yè)，如李鴻章在上海創(chuàng)辦的輪船招商局、張之洞創(chuàng)辦的漢陽鐵廠、湖北織布局等。從70-80年代籌建了南海、北洋和福建三支海軍。1862年創(chuàng)辦的京師同文館是洋務(wù)派創(chuàng)辦的第一所新式學(xué)堂。

12．評價洋務(wù)運動（第30頁內(nèi)容，重點掌握〕

13．1895年春，《馬關(guān)條約》簽訂的消息傳到北京，康有為、梁啟超領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的“公車上書”揭開了變法維新的序幕。后來他們將《萬國公報》改名《中外紀(jì)聞》作為強學(xué)會的機關(guān)報發(fā)行。

14．1898年6月到9月，光緒帝發(fā)布了一系列變法令，內(nèi)容（P33）：要求從政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、教育、思想五個方面掌握。1898年是舊歷戊戍年，因此稱這次變法為“戊戍變法”.這次變法歷時103天，因此又稱為“百日維新”。甘為變法流血的人是：譚嗣同。

15．1894年，孫中山在檀香山組織了革命團體興中會(第一個資產(chǎn)階級革命團體)。1905年，他在日本東京建立統(tǒng)一的革命組織中國同盟會(第一個資產(chǎn)階級革命政黨)，孫中山當(dāng)總理，通過了推翻清朝統(tǒng)治，廢除君主專制，建立民主共和國，改革土地制度的革命綱領(lǐng)，它的成立，大大推動了全國的資產(chǎn)階級民主革命運動。創(chuàng)辦了機關(guān)刊物《民報》，在發(fā)刊詞中，把同盟會的革命綱領(lǐng)闡發(fā)為“民族”、“民權(quán)”、“民生”三大主義，“三民主義”是孫中山領(lǐng)導(dǎo)辛亥革命的指導(dǎo)思想。

16．辛亥革命的歷史意義：1911年的辛亥革命推翻了清朝的統(tǒng)治，結(jié)束了我國兩千多年的封建帝制，使民主共和觀念深入人心。但是，辛亥革命的果實被北洋軍閥袁世凱竊取，沒能完成反帝反封建的任務(wù)。1912年元旦，中華民國成立，孫中山任大總統(tǒng)。