第一篇：歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題解析及復(fù)習(xí)思路

歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題解析及復(fù)習(xí)思路（...386 ￥42.80 ￥38.60(90折)38.60刪除

20613146歷年英語(yǔ)真題徹底細(xì)解：考研真相 279 ￥42.90 ￥27.90(65折)27.90刪除7410942概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)與考試指導(dǎo) 106 ￥13.00 ￥10.60(82折)10.60

概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)(修訂本)周三多;平裝

現(xiàn)在有貨。

￥ 21.50 為您節(jié)?。?/p>

￥ 7.50(26%)概率論與數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)輔導(dǎo)及習(xí)題精解(與人

大修訂本教材配套)(全新修訂第5版)(附贈(zèng)

2009年最新考研數(shù)學(xué)真是重要公式及性質(zhì))周三多;平裝 現(xiàn)在有貨。￥ 17.00

為您節(jié)省： ￥ 3.00(15%)

政治學(xué)基礎(chǔ)張國(guó)慶;平裝 現(xiàn)在有貨。

￥ 46.00 為您節(jié)?。?￥ 13.00(22%)

新東方·2010考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作范文100篇考研英語(yǔ)命題研究組;平裝 現(xiàn)在有貨。

￥ 12.30 為您節(jié)?。?￥ 6.50(35%)

第二篇：2014歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題解析及復(fù)習(xí)思路勘誤

2014歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題解析及復(fù)習(xí)思路勘誤（淘寶專供）

贈(zèng)送本

考研英語(yǔ)大綱詞匯超級(jí)背誦寶典

P1abide 詞義：①不能忍受→①忍受、容忍.（贈(zèng)送本）

歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題匯編難句分析與佳句模仿

第二部分 難句分析與佳句模仿

P202006 Part B

4.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.結(jié)構(gòu)圖中：often defining… 定語(yǔ)，改為:現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

P242007 Text 2

3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that testtaking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.結(jié)構(gòu)圖中：whether it’s knowing…讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，改為同位語(yǔ)從句。用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明test-taking skill。

注釋改為：本句含有三個(gè)從句，其中同位語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，是并列的“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”。

P272007 Text 4

3.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.注釋中：??動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語(yǔ)為a comparry改為a company。

P322008 Text 1

1.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.結(jié)構(gòu)圖中：than….比較狀語(yǔ)從句，改為定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句箭頭指向the trigger chemicals 注釋改為：than引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，替代詞do代替與主句相同的謂語(yǔ)部分，放到主語(yǔ)前，實(shí)現(xiàn)倒裝。因此最后部分相當(dāng)于females under stress produce more of the trigger chemicals than males under the same conditions produce。

p 69 2011 知識(shí)運(yùn)用

1.But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.注釋中：原因狀語(yǔ)從句演變自：To sustai …改為：To sustain…。

P742011 Text 2→P75 2011 text3

4.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.5.This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.這兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句應(yīng)為P75 2011 Text 3中第1、第2個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句。

P 79 2011 Text 4

4.But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stressfree, happinessenhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.注釋中：in the same way...解釋說(shuō)明in some small, sbuconscious way。改為：in the same way...解釋說(shuō)明in some small, subconscious way。

P 862012 Text 2

2.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not：challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.結(jié)構(gòu)圖改為： 注釋改為：主句的賓語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)從句共同構(gòu)成；從句2 it would not省略引導(dǎo)詞that，為從句1的賓語(yǔ)，從句2謂語(yǔ)would not省略了與主句相同的謂語(yǔ)do,從句2賓語(yǔ)為從句1引導(dǎo)詞what。翻譯改為：然而，Entergy公司恰恰做出了它過(guò)去一直承諾不會(huì)做的事：在聯(lián)邦法院質(zhì)疑佛蒙特州核規(guī)則的合憲性。這是它為了使其佛蒙特?fù)P基核電廠能夠繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)而作出的拼死努力的一部分。

第三篇：考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題解析點(diǎn)評(píng)——英語(yǔ)文章解析

考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題解析點(diǎn)評(píng)（提高版）——英語(yǔ)文章解析

哎喲喂，對(duì)面的妹子看過(guò)來(lái)，看過(guò)來(lái)看過(guò)來(lái)，這里的“圖解”更精彩。喂那誰(shuí)，你別假裝不理不睬嘛！我知道你在聽(tīng)的！

昨天在自習(xí)室里，坐在我對(duì)面的那幾個(gè)妹子在討論什么“試題圖解”，說(shuō)那個(gè)清晰啊，說(shuō)那個(gè)明了啊，說(shuō)一目了然就知道題干在文章什么地方、正確選項(xiàng)在文章的什么地方、干擾項(xiàng)在文章的什么地方，更酷的是，該書(shū)還分別用了5中不同的顏色表明了題干、選項(xiàng)A、選項(xiàng)B、選項(xiàng)C、選項(xiàng)D在原文中的位置！

三個(gè)女人一個(gè)墟嘛，妹子們伶牙俐齒地發(fā)表著自己的看法，讓我也心生好奇，想見(jiàn)識(shí)一下到底是什么書(shū)，竟然也有圖解，和我的是一樣的！結(jié)果，毫無(wú)意外的，果真是《考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題解析點(diǎn)評(píng)》啦，不過(guò)看封面，估計(jì)是基礎(chǔ)版，而哥手里的這本，還是提高版本的呢！好吧，據(jù)說(shuō)四六級(jí)考過(guò)的就用提高版，好吧，姑且勿論基礎(chǔ)版和提高版的區(qū)別了，反正適合自己能幫到自己的就是最好的啦！

但哥還是想非常想炫一下我這個(gè)提高版啊，因?yàn)樗膱D解更酷，都將“試題圖解”進(jìn)行到底——文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖示化。

首先是文章結(jié)構(gòu)，在對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行分析之前，首先通過(guò)圖示提示該文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)，脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)清晰可見(jiàn)，就如同參觀一座建筑，總是要先弄清楚這個(gè)建筑大的功能分塊，然后再就細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行細(xì)細(xì)品鑒。文章結(jié)構(gòu)圖作為對(duì)于文章內(nèi)容的宏觀介紹，共分為兩層：第一層是對(duì)于全文進(jìn)行總體介紹；第二層則根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容分層介紹，具體形式是將文章分為不同的部分，并指出各個(gè)部分包含的段落以及這些部分所涵蓋的行文內(nèi)容。

是不是很熟悉？還記得當(dāng)年我們?cè)谀抢飫澐侄温浜涂偨Y(jié)段落大意的美好的語(yǔ)文課時(shí)光嗎？你垂淚了嗎？往事不堪回首嗎？哈哈，其實(shí)這個(gè)方法還是不錯(cuò)的阿！至少它幫我們讀懂了那么多文章的說(shuō)！

其次是篇章解析，在這里以一段為單位講解了本段中的上下文詞匯、語(yǔ)法和背景知識(shí)等。第三是試題分析，不僅僅闡述正確答案，更強(qiáng)調(diào)干擾項(xiàng)的不正確性，而且對(duì)干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行了歸類。通過(guò)選項(xiàng)回歸原文，在每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)后面標(biāo)注其來(lái)源，同時(shí)就正確選項(xiàng)與原文的關(guān)系以及干擾項(xiàng)的不正確性進(jìn)行言簡(jiǎn)意賅、一針見(jiàn)血的點(diǎn)評(píng)(如，過(guò)度猜測(cè)、錯(cuò)誤理解、無(wú)中生有、偷換概念、望文生義等)。

【準(zhǔn)確定位】能夠快速建立本題與文章具體部分的關(guān)系，通過(guò)【快速解題】快、準(zhǔn)、狠地抓出正確答案，通過(guò)【干擾項(xiàng)分析】逐一闡述各干擾項(xiàng)的不正確性，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)論證干擾項(xiàng)與原文的關(guān)系，反復(fù)推敲，使干擾項(xiàng)原形畢露。

最后還有題眼補(bǔ)充練習(xí)哦，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容中的題眼，即在原文中可出試題的地方，補(bǔ)充一道或兩道試題。

是不是覺(jué)得這個(gè)提高版的功能更加彪悍了呢！

那么我就不多做解釋了吧！

彪悍的人生不需要解釋！

考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作法門(mén)=閱讀積累+背誦練筆

考研作文分為大、小兩類。小作文多以應(yīng)用文體裁為主，例如求職信、感謝信、辭職信，道歉信等，這類作文不需要復(fù)雜華麗的文采修飾，表意明確就可以了。大作文的題型則多是通過(guò)圖片或者提示文字，要求考生完成提示所透視出來(lái)的問(wèn)題。從近幾年看，命題范圍都比較

傾向于當(dāng)前社會(huì)熱門(mén)話題或觀念。

一、多閱讀，多積累

就英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你想讓自己的作文水平有一個(gè)質(zhì)的飛躍，首先就要懂得去吸取別人文章中的精華，這個(gè)吸取精華的過(guò)程就是閱讀。只有多閱讀，才能夠培養(yǎng)起良好的語(yǔ)感，才會(huì)知道如何去構(gòu)思，如何去質(zhì)疑別人的觀點(diǎn)，表達(dá)清楚自己的意思。正所謂“讀書(shū)破萬(wàn)卷，下筆如有神”。無(wú)論何時(shí)，大家都勿急躁，因?yàn)椤芭堋钡煤玫那疤崾恰白摺?，作文這種慢火候才能提高的題更是如此，一步一個(gè)腳印才是寫(xiě)作穩(wěn)步提高的策略。

近些年寫(xiě)作考題的內(nèi)容和主題，基本都與當(dāng)年的熱點(diǎn)話題有一定的關(guān)系，所以平時(shí)多閱讀英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙、雜志，能夠幫助你掌握更多的話題資源。對(duì)于比較熱點(diǎn)、重要的主題，可以有目的地進(jìn)行搜集整理。閱讀的過(guò)程也應(yīng)該講究方法，以泛讀與精讀結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。一些好的文章建議你讀過(guò)以后做英文閱讀筆記。相信在讀與寫(xiě)的過(guò)程中，你的寫(xiě)作水平自然會(huì)得到快速提高。

二、研讀思考，背誦范文

背誦是快速提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)的一條捷徑，建議考生可以選擇歷年真題中的寫(xiě)作佳文，先是研究，思考人家是怎么構(gòu)思，怎么寫(xiě)的，獲得高分的閃光點(diǎn)在哪。然后在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶，通過(guò)自己的思考分析更能夠在無(wú)形中增強(qiáng)你的表達(dá)能力。同學(xué)們也可以拿一些英語(yǔ)原著名篇來(lái)讀、背，這樣可以加強(qiáng)自己的語(yǔ)感，使自己的表達(dá)更加地道。

三、每周一練，增強(qiáng)表達(dá)

表達(dá)能力需要考生平時(shí)自我的練習(xí)，實(shí)際動(dòng)手的能力至關(guān)重要。考生可以給自己制定一個(gè)寫(xiě)作計(jì)劃，一周至少練習(xí)一篇文章，在加強(qiáng)寫(xiě)作練習(xí)之后，你的文章才能夠“成章”。平時(shí)訓(xùn)練的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該鎖定在文章是否切題，行文是否表意明確、通順，有無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。另外，一定要給每一次行文限定一個(gè)可行的時(shí)間，并且按照這個(gè)時(shí)間嚴(yán)格要求自己完成。

如果能有范文進(jìn)行比較，效果會(huì)更加明顯，如果沒(méi)有范文作為標(biāo)樣，建議考生可以找英語(yǔ)水平較好的同學(xué)看一看。也許評(píng)看你作文的這個(gè)考生英語(yǔ)水平不是很高，但看別人文章的時(shí)候很容易看出缺點(diǎn)，所以也可以幫助自己發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題加以提高。如果條件允許的話，找老師請(qǐng)教一下最好。

第四篇：考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題1989

1989年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities.②Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first timeand provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.③By the end of this century this may not be mere2.④Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.⑤In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years.⑥Layerlayer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be.⑦There is so muchpure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland.⑧And what useful packages it would come in!⑨It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and

11They are always transport it!⑩Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be.○

breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.12Many icebergs are, of course, far too small to be toweddistance, and would melt ○

13It would be necessary to locate one before they reached a country that needed them anywhere.○

14that wasand that was big enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us.○

Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven miles long and one and a half miles wide could be

15Even then they would cover only transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker!○the iceberg was at its destination, more that 7,000 twenty miles every day.○

17That would probably be more than million cubic metres of water could be taken from it!○

18But no doubt a use could be enough for any medium-sized city even in the hottest summer!○

19○20found for it.○

21This is The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics.○

because when the sun has a bigger area to warm , less heat actually gets into the iceberg.22The vast frozen centre would be unaffected.[394 words] ○

1.［A］ come to life［B］ come into existence

［C］ come into activity［D］ come round

2.［A］ speculation ［B］ imagination［C］ computation［D］ expectation

3.［A］ above［B］ of［C］ upon［D］ over

4.［A］ essential［B］ potential［C］ claimable［D］ obtainable

5.［A］ seized［B］ snatched［C］ grabbed［D］ captured

6.［A］ much［B］ any［C］ some［D］ certain

7.［A］ manageable ［B］ manipulative ［C］ operable［D］ controllable

8.［A］ after［B］ while［C］ since［D］ once

9.［A］ Apparently ［B］ Noticeably［C］ Distinctly［D］ Notably

10.［A］ round［B］ over［C］ up［D］ through

第五篇：1988年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析

1988年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists? health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way ［C］ on their own

［D］ of their own 2.［A］ course

［B］ route

［C］ passage ［D］ channel 3.［A］ Uncomfortable ［B］ Bad

［C］ Unfavourable ［D］ Terrible 4.［A］ passed

［B］ sustained ［C］ survived ［D］ spent 5.［A］ situations

［B］ environments ［C］ conditions

［D］ circumstances 6.［A］ strengthened ［B］ regained ［C］ recovered ［D］ improved 7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 9.［A］ Best of all ［B］ For the best ［C］ To their best ［D］ All in all 10.［A］ ashore

［B］ around

［C］ about

［D］ aboard

試題精解

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了“五月花號(hào)”抵達(dá)美洲新大陸的情況及感恩節(jié)的來(lái)歷。

第一段交代了文章的背景：一批殖民者到達(dá)北美新大陸。①至④句介紹了“五月花號(hào)”前往美洲的原因，⑤至⑩句介紹了“五月花號(hào)”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陸后遇到的困難，○11至1○6句介紹了他們生活條件得到好轉(zhuǎn)的原因及表現(xiàn)。第二段通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)去的回顧與對(duì)未來(lái)的展望，敘述了朝圣者懷有感恩的心態(tài)并與當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩撕炇鹩押脜f(xié)定，為下文感恩節(jié)的形成做了鋪墊。

第三段說(shuō)明了感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生的直接原因：朝圣者想慶祝他們定居新家的第一年。

二、試題具體分析

1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way以…特有的方式 ［C］ on their own單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地

［D］ of their own自己的，本人的 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義+固定短語(yǔ)

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾worship God，說(shuō)明朝圣者前往新大陸的原因。in one?s own way是固定搭配，意為“以…特有的方式”，代入文中意為“以他們特有的方式敬仰上帝”，符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，為正確答案。on their own與of their own不符合文意，style雖然可以表示“方式、方法”，但該含義不用于in one?s own…結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個(gè)層次，揭示了五月花號(hào)前往新大陸的原因。④句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主干為T(mén)hey were looking for a place，后接where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾place。［空格設(shè)置］in one?s own way是固定短語(yǔ)，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的確是以她特有的方式愛(ài)你。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用常見(jiàn)的固定搭配設(shè)置干擾。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.這一事故的發(fā)生不是她本人的過(guò)錯(cuò)。He did it on his own.這件事他獨(dú)立完成了。

2.［A］ course航向，航線

［B］ route路線，路途 ［C］ passage通道，航程

［D］ channel渠道，海峽 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析

［快速解題］空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語(yǔ)，因此此題關(guān)鍵是判斷那個(gè)選項(xiàng)可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在后兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。［篇章分析］⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二個(gè)層次，分別介紹了朝圣者在航行中及登陸后遇到的困難。

［空格設(shè)置］course除了考生熟悉的表示“課程”的含義外，還可意為“（船或飛機(jī)的）航向，航線“，如：The plane was on/off course.飛機(jī)航向正確/偏離航向。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他表示“路徑”的詞對(duì)course形成近義干擾。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一條是最佳路線？This passage will take us to the other building.穿過(guò)這條通道，我們就可以到達(dá)另一座大樓。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投訴必須通過(guò)正當(dāng)途徑進(jìn)行。

3.［A］ Uncomfortable令人不舒適的 ［B］ Bad令人不快的，壞的

［C］ Unfavourable不利的，有害的 ［D］ Terrible可怕的，造成極大傷害的 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+形容詞辨析 ［快速解題］空格處填入的形容詞做定語(yǔ)修飾months，意為“…的幾個(gè)月”。months后面的of…介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也做定語(yǔ)后置修飾months，由of后面的一系列名詞“starvation、disease、death”可知，這幾個(gè)月的情況是極其嚴(yán)重的，因此，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)選擇表示惡劣程度最深的terrible。

［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“不利的”的形容詞設(shè)置干擾，考生需結(jié)合詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)含義的程度與具體語(yǔ)境排除干擾。

4.［A］ passed通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)；消磨，度過(guò)

［B］ sustained維持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺過(guò)，艱難度過(guò) ［D］ spent花（時(shí)間），度過(guò) 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人…那個(gè)冬天”。pass常用于指無(wú)聊或等人時(shí)打發(fā)、消磨時(shí)間；spend強(qiáng)調(diào)以某種方式花時(shí)間，常接on sth或in doing sth來(lái)表示方式。sustain雖然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作賓語(yǔ)，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive，指“艱難挺過(guò)那個(gè)冬天”，與上一題中的terrible相呼應(yīng)。［空格設(shè)置］本題借survive考查了考生對(duì)上下文的理解。例句：I can?t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元，我無(wú)法維持生活。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用表示“度過(guò)”的動(dòng)詞對(duì)survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我們借唱歌消磨時(shí)間。Few planets can sustain life.能夠維持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作業(yè)用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？ 5.［A］ situations情況，狀況

［B］ environments環(huán)境 ［C］ conditions環(huán)境，條件

［D］ circumstances條件，狀況 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+名詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分living 5 意為“生活…”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都含有“環(huán)境，狀況”的意思，但是側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。situation強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)期和特定地點(diǎn)形勢(shì)、局面，environments特指影響個(gè)體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的環(huán)境或條件，circumstances尤其指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等詞可知，這里指的是人們的生活條件得到改善，符合文意的為[C]conditions.［篇章分析］○11句至○16句是第一段的第三個(gè)層次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居點(diǎn)生活條件得到改善的原因及表現(xiàn)。

［空格設(shè)置］conditions本身詞義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但要求考生根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境排除干擾，作出正確判斷。例句：changing economic conditions不斷變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對(duì)conditions形成近義干擾。這幾個(gè)詞雖然含義相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我們都遇到過(guò)類似的尷尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他們創(chuàng)造了一種可以大大提高生產(chǎn)力的環(huán)境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.補(bǔ)助金根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況發(fā)放。6.［A］strengthened加強(qiáng)，鞏固

［B］regained 重新獲得，恢復(fù) ［C］recovered恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)

［D］improved 改進(jìn)，改善 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分的主語(yǔ)是the colonists? health，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞能與health搭配，并且能與上下文銜接。strengthened指“增強(qiáng)能力或地位等”，不能與health搭配，首先排除。regained意為“恢復(fù)”時(shí)常做及物動(dòng)詞，不符合文中用法，但是可以說(shuō)…regained health。recovered本身即意為“恢復(fù)健康”，不需要health作主語(yǔ)。符合上下文語(yǔ)義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。

［篇章分析］○16句的主干部分是The colonists? health improved，介詞with的用法比較特殊，表原因，介賓短語(yǔ)with…解釋了health improved的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］improve的含義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但用法很豐富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手術(shù)后他的生活質(zhì)量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；改善條件。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用考生熟悉的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)法設(shè)置干擾。漢語(yǔ)里經(jīng)常有“恢復(fù)健康、增強(qiáng)健康”的表達(dá)方式，考生要熟悉英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式的區(qū)別，排除干擾。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，她在黨內(nèi)的地位有所增強(qiáng)。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢復(fù)自己的一點(diǎn)兒尊嚴(yán)。He?s still recovering from his operation.手術(shù)后，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞搭配

［快速解題］空格處填入的介詞既要與look back搭配，又要能接the past year作賓語(yǔ)。不存在look back in與look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over與look back at都可意為“回顧”，但look back at后面接具體的時(shí)間或事物，look back over后面接特定階段，顯然文中the past year強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，符合要求的是look back over，代入文中意為“回顧過(guò)去的一年”。

［篇章分析］第二段分為兩個(gè)層次：1○7至○20句是對(duì)過(guò)去的回顧，2○1至○26句是對(duì)未來(lái)的展望與準(zhǔn)備?！?1句句首o(hù)n the other hand表明了這種今昔對(duì)比。

［空格設(shè)置］介詞over的含義和用法都很豐富，在知識(shí)運(yùn)用的文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境掌握該詞用法。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他可與look搭配的常用介詞設(shè)置干擾，需要正確理解上下文才排除干擾。8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+介詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個(gè)大豐收…他們”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知，他們?cè)谇锾煲呀?jīng)取得大豐收，并為第二年冬天做準(zhǔn)備。behind意為used to say that sth is in sb?s past，它代入文中，意為“他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收”，即“已經(jīng)獲得了豐收”。其他項(xiàng)與them搭配分別意為“由他們支付”、“為了他們”與“他們無(wú)法理解“，均不符合上下文語(yǔ)義，應(yīng)排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二個(gè)層次的總起句，指出了對(duì)未來(lái)的希望。2○2句至段末分別從食物、住所以及人際關(guān)系三方面舉出了充滿希望的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］本題通過(guò)behind考查了考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)部時(shí)間邏輯的把握，及它本身不為考生所熟悉的含義。例句：She has ten years? useful experience behind her.她已有十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能派上用場(chǎng)。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無(wú)關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)義不難排除。

9.［A］ Best of all最好的是，尤其 ［B］ For the best出于好意 ［C］ To their best

［D］ All in all總的來(lái)說(shuō) 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語(yǔ)放在句首，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷空格前后部分的邏輯關(guān)系。to their best短語(yǔ)不存在，首先排除。上文都是講殖民者為來(lái)年做的物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備，○26句重在強(qiáng)調(diào)人際關(guān)系方面的改善，體現(xiàn)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系的只有best of all。［篇章分析］2○6句雖然是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主干為they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all與with..，under…，in…三個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。［空格設(shè)置］邏輯關(guān)系在知識(shí)運(yùn)用中的考查比重越來(lái)越大，需要考生提高語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we don?t have any homework.最好的是我們沒(méi)有什么家庭作業(yè)了。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用詞形設(shè)置的形近干擾。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意這么做的。All in all it has been a great success.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，那是個(gè)巨大的成功。10.［A］ ashore在岸上

［B］ around周圍 ［C］ about到處

［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機(jī)）上 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+副詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當(dāng)‘五月花號(hào)’返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語(yǔ)義的銜接，為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)不符合上下文，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，總結(jié)指出殖民者生活狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，他們?cè)谥趁竦囟ň酉聛?lái)?！?9句是過(guò)渡句，指出他們想要建立一個(gè)節(jié)日慶祝新的生活，由此引出○30句感恩節(jié)的來(lái)歷。［空格設(shè)置］aboard的含義和用法都比較簡(jiǎn)單，但需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用aboard的形近詞設(shè)置的干擾，由于都脫離了上下文，不難排除。

三、全文翻譯

1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號(hào)”的小帆船離開(kāi)倫敦駛往新大陸?！拔逶禄ㄌ?hào)”向位于弗吉尼亞州溫暖海岸的詹姆斯頓殖民地行進(jìn)。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂風(fēng)和兇猛的暴風(fēng)雨，“五月花號(hào)”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。當(dāng)時(shí)正是北方嚴(yán)冬時(shí)期，他們將面對(duì)的是充滿了饑餓、疾病和死亡的極其可怕的幾個(gè)月。朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人活過(guò)了那個(gè)冬天。許多婦女把她們少得可憐的口糧留給了自己的孩子，自己卻死于饑餓。生活條件在1621年的春天開(kāi)始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚(yú)和野禽。因此，盡管缺乏狩獵、捕魚(yú)的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們也能夠獲得足夠的新鮮肉類。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在秋天，他們回顧了過(guò)去的一年，既遺憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來(lái)，人類生命的代價(jià)和和悲劇是如此巨大。另一方面，他們看到了未來(lái)的新希望。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個(gè)冬天的到來(lái)做好了準(zhǔn)備。他們有十一所用于抵御嚴(yán)冬的簡(jiǎn)陋房屋，其中的七所為家庭所有，四所作為公用。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)管下，他們?cè)谙奶炫c其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。林地和森林變安全了。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號(hào)”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒(méi)有一名殖民者。在他們定居新家的第一年年底，這些朝圣者想以一個(gè)真正的節(jié)日來(lái)慶祝，這便是他們的第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I?m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don?t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、詞匯

1．make no difference沒(méi)有...作用或影響

2．specific a.明確的 3．suppose v.假設(shè),以為,認(rèn)為

4．a(chǎn)t random隨便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）

6．skim v.略讀 7．react to對(duì)...做出反應(yīng)

8．take in接受，理解

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.該句的主干為It doesn?t come as a surprise to you，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to realize that …，that引導(dǎo)的從句做realize的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的what you read or study。

翻譯：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語(yǔ)言平實(shí)易懂，總體可以分為三個(gè)部分。

第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。

第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購(gòu)物過(guò)程和閱讀過(guò)程做類比說(shuō)明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過(guò)程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評(píng)估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判信息來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。

四、試題具體分析

11.If you cannot remember what yo

11.如果你不能記住所閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的內(nèi)容，________。[A] 這毫不出奇

[B] 這意味著你沒(méi)有真正學(xué)到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒(méi)有選對(duì)閱讀的書(shū)籍

[D] 你意識(shí)到這無(wú)所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒(méi)有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]和[D]選項(xiàng)偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)緊要，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容”不出奇或無(wú)關(guān)緊要。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)干干擾，從文中無(wú)從推知。

12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book

12.在你開(kāi)始閱讀之前，有必要________。

[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來(lái) [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說(shuō)，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過(guò)程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

13.閱讀行為包括________。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程

[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容

[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過(guò)程。③④句列出這兩個(gè)過(guò)程：迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩個(gè)過(guò)程的同義改寫(xiě)，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個(gè)過(guò)程。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過(guò)程。一般而言，帶有絕對(duì)意味的限定性詞語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)（如only和merely）都不是正確項(xiàng)。

14.A good reader is one 14.一位好讀者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識(shí)聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來(lái)

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過(guò)程中進(jìn)行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 對(duì)閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實(shí)與已知事實(shí)核對(duì)

has already known 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明確指出，一位好讀者就是一位批判性的讀者。[C]選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義改寫(xiě)，為正確項(xiàng)。

[A]、[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第七、八段論述批判性閱讀，指出思考閱讀內(nèi)容的過(guò)程包括評(píng)估內(nèi)容、將所讀內(nèi)容與已知內(nèi)容進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、根據(jù)自己的目的進(jìn)行應(yīng)用；而批判性閱讀則包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判內(nèi)容來(lái)源、進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。[A]選項(xiàng)是思考過(guò)程中的一點(diǎn)；[B]選項(xiàng)僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項(xiàng)也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點(diǎn)，因此其他三項(xiàng)都不完整。

五、全文翻譯

如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。這樣不過(guò)是浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間罷了。不過(guò)，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來(lái)避免遺忘。一種幫助你記住所學(xué)內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會(huì)記得更牢靠些。當(dāng)你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時(shí)，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開(kāi)了呢？這是因?yàn)槟愫退贾?，如果你不確定自己要什么，你也不大可能會(huì)有所收獲。然而，假設(shè)你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買一副太陽(yáng)鏡?！彼龝?huì)回答，“好的，請(qǐng)這邊走?！比缓竽愫退拖颉澳康牡亍弊呷ァ计惹械厝ふ夷阆胍臇|西。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程非常相似。如果你隨機(jī)選擇了一本書(shū)，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無(wú)所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書(shū)，那么你幾乎肯定會(huì)獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個(gè)好學(xué)生對(duì)于他所做的事情總有一個(gè)明確的目的或原因。

這就是奏效的方法。在開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·貝尼特為什么這樣描寫(xiě)美國(guó)。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因?！被蛘摺拔乙ㄗx這篇文章，看看中世紀(jì)英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習(xí)的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。

閱讀并不是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，期間至少兩個(gè)重要過(guò)程同時(shí)發(fā)生。在閱讀時(shí)，你能夠迅速而又準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容，同時(shí)在對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容予以反應(yīng)時(shí)也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進(jìn)行一種精神對(duì)話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣?！被蚴恰班拧?，我以為這項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期?！被蚴恰暗沁€要考慮一些其他的事實(shí)！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。

對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程包括評(píng)估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來(lái)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用。換句話說(shuō)，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)。事實(shí)可以通過(guò)證據(jù)來(lái)確認(rèn)，而觀點(diǎn)只是個(gè)人反應(yīng)。批判性閱讀的還包括評(píng)判來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、詞匯

1．extent n.范圍，程度

2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊

3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity n.強(qiáng)度，強(qiáng)烈

6．duration n.持續(xù) 7．frequency n.頻繁,頻率

8．hazard n.危險(xiǎn),危害 9．decibel n.分貝

10．measure n.量度 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于

12．intermittent a.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance n.警戒

14．detect v.檢測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear n.后面,背后

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.該句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise，主語(yǔ)stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)部分有介詞短語(yǔ)at another time做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句末分詞depending on …做條件狀語(yǔ)。

翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。

2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.該句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss，介詞短語(yǔ)above about 85 decibels做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)名詞sounds。插入語(yǔ)部分為if條件句，做條件狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。翻譯：如果呆在超過(guò)85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失。

3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.該句的主干為Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)名詞frequencies后接有to which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

翻譯：實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).該句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意為“對(duì)……有影響”。if引導(dǎo)條件從句，其主干為one is performing a watch keeping task，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a watch keeping task。該定語(yǔ)從句的主干為that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞vigilance。

翻譯：在某些任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)某種弱信號(hào)（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語(yǔ)由and連接的兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。

翻譯：如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來(lái)抵消噪音的影響。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的有害影響。文章主題明確，層次清晰，總體結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，可以分為兩個(gè)部分。第一部分為總（第一段）：提出噪音現(xiàn)象，給出噪音定義，并指出人們開(kāi)始關(guān)注噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響。

第二部分為分（第二、三和四段）：論述噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的有害影響。第二段指出噪音會(huì)造成人類聽(tīng)力的部分或完全喪失。第三段指出噪音會(huì)對(duì)某些工作執(zhí)行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音會(huì)對(duì)人際交流造成不良影響。

四、試題具體分析

15.Noise differs from sound15．噪音與聲音的不同之處在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干擾人們工作的聲音

[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一種特別類型的大音量的聲音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常難以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定義可以比聲音的定義更加準(zhǔn)確

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

眾所周知，噪音是聲音的一種。文章首段給出了噪音的兩種定義，一種是人們的通俗定義，噪音是人們不想聽(tīng)到的聲音；另一種是較為準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)定義，噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無(wú)關(guān)的聲音，即干擾人們工作的聲音。[A]選項(xiàng)是第二種定義的同義改寫(xiě)，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點(diǎn)之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點(diǎn)。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)large city、define和precisely捏造無(wú)關(guān)干擾。

16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音對(duì)人類工作的有害影響之一是________。[A] it reduces one?s sensitivity [A] 降低人們的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到無(wú)助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剝奪人們享受音樂(lè)的快樂(lè) [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹沒(méi)人們?cè)诠ぷ鞯攸c(diǎn)的對(duì)話

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二、三和四段論述噪音對(duì)人類的有害影響。第三段指出噪音會(huì)干擾某些任務(wù)的執(zhí)行，該段以一項(xiàng)需要高度警惕的觀察工作（如監(jiān)測(cè)雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）為例暗示噪音會(huì)分散觀察者的注意力，即降低人們的敏感性，[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)從文中無(wú)從推知。[D]選項(xiàng)利用第四段“噪音對(duì)人際交流產(chǎn)生不良影響”進(jìn)行干擾，但文中指出人們會(huì)根據(jù)噪音音量來(lái)提高自己說(shuō)話的音量，而不是對(duì)話完全被噪音淹沒(méi)。

17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

17.這篇文章的目的是________。[A] 確定噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響 [B] 警告人們?cè)胍粑廴镜奈ｋU(xiǎn) [C] 提供如何避免聽(tīng)力喪失的建議 [D] 敘述噪音與聲音之間的差異

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文章主旨題。

這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的影響。第一段為總，提出噪音現(xiàn)象以及人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響的關(guān)注。第二、三和四段為分，論述噪音對(duì)人類行為的具體影響，包括造成人類聽(tīng)力部分或完全喪失、影響工作任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、阻礙人際交流。[A]選項(xiàng)是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，[B]僅能概括文章第二段部分內(nèi)容，即噪音會(huì)造成聽(tīng)力喪失（噪音污染的危險(xiǎn)之一）；[D]僅提及第一段噪音定義的部分內(nèi)容，兩者都不能完全概括全篇內(nèi)容。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文章第二段提及噪音會(huì)造成聽(tīng)力喪失，但作者并未就此提出任何建議。

五、全文翻譯

如果你居住在一個(gè)大城市，對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題就再熟悉不過(guò)了，然而，因?yàn)殛P(guān)注它的一些有害影響，你可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它對(duì)人們行為舉止的影響程度。雖然每個(gè)人都或多或少知道噪音是什么（即人們不想聽(tīng)到的聲音），但是最好是從科學(xué)目的角度來(lái)為其更準(zhǔn)確地下定義。其中的一種定義是：噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無(wú)關(guān)的聲音。因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。最近幾年，人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響產(chǎn)生極大興趣，諸如“噪音污染”的概念也隨之出現(xiàn)，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的還有減少噪音的種種行動(dòng)。置身于嘈雜環(huán)境無(wú)疑能造成聽(tīng)力的部分或完全喪失，這要看噪聲的強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時(shí)間和頻率構(gòu)成。目前許多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工廠中或噴氣機(jī)的周圍、駕駛農(nóng)場(chǎng)拖拉機(jī)、在演奏搖滾樂(lè)的音樂(lè)廳中工作（或僅僅身處其中）。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，持續(xù)呆在超過(guò)80分貝（判斷聲音大小的度量）的噪音環(huán)境中被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)的。分貝的大小和各種聲音的大小一致。如果呆在超過(guò)85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失。實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

在某些任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)某種弱信號(hào)（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。噪音對(duì)人際交流也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響。如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來(lái)抵消噪音的影響。噪音就是問(wèn)題的根源。

Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman?s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman?s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women?s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、詞匯

1．maintain v.維持,保養(yǎng)

2．compulsory a.義務(wù)的 3．cease v.停止

4．drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5．laundry n.要洗的衣服，洗衣

6．fiber n.纖維

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.該句主干為T(mén)he traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained，主語(yǔ)名詞belief后接有兩個(gè)that連接的從句做同位語(yǔ)。

翻譯：傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.該句主干為Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry，“名詞the latest models +分詞being entirely automatic and able to”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。

3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.該句主干為It is extremely wasteful to，it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為真正的主語(yǔ)。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中又有不定式結(jié)構(gòu)only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

翻譯：社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)??！

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章探討女性位置的歸屬。作者從傳統(tǒng)觀念切入，從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析，指出女性除了照顧家庭之外還應(yīng)該在社會(huì)上工作，即女性不單屬于家庭，也屬于社會(huì)。

第一段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出主題：女性的歸屬。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭，天職是照顧孩子。隨后作者從職責(zé)角度分析女性歸屬不再僅限于家庭，原因在于：一是家庭規(guī)模變小，二是女性生育期限減小，三是女性教育孩子時(shí)間縮短。

第二段從家庭角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（家用電器、冷凍食品、人造纖維、成裝等）的發(fā)展大大減輕女性在家庭中的負(fù)擔(dān)與勞動(dòng)量。第三段從社會(huì)角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的良好運(yùn)行需要女性的貢獻(xiàn)。以護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)以及工業(yè)和貿(mào)易中女性的重要性為例指出女性對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。

四、試題具體分析

18.The author holds that ________.18．作者認(rèn)為_(kāi)_______。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不論已婚與否，所有女性的正確位置都屬于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

[B] 所有已婚女性都應(yīng)該在家庭之外有一份職

業(yè)

[C] 已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)以母親的責(zé)任為重 [D] 沒(méi)有接受教育的已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照

顧家庭

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。

文章第一段首句指出傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而不應(yīng)外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今社會(huì)。隨后作者從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度展開(kāi)分析論述，說(shuō)明女性的歸屬不再僅限于家庭，她們應(yīng)當(dāng)外出工作，為社會(huì)做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)，而社會(huì)也需要她們的貢獻(xiàn)。[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]、[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，這三者都是傳統(tǒng)觀念，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。

19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

19．以家庭為重的女性________。[A] 把她的整個(gè)生活都奉獻(xiàn)給家庭 [B] 把自己與其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 還需要社會(huì)支付費(fèi)用來(lái)接受特殊培訓(xùn)以實(shí)

現(xiàn)其作為家庭主婦的責(zé)任 [D] 應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人認(rèn)為以家庭為重的女性在家中總有很多事情可做。但接下來(lái)作者指出，現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（洗衣機(jī)、電冰箱、罐裝的冷凍食品、簡(jiǎn)便購(gòu)物、人造纖維和成裝）的發(fā)展大大減輕了女性在家庭中的勞動(dòng)量，而女性應(yīng)該充分利用這些條件，[D]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)常識(shí)干擾，這屬于傳統(tǒng)觀念，并非文章中作者所論述的觀點(diǎn)。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother進(jìn)行干擾，[B]選項(xiàng)從文中無(wú)從推知，[C]選項(xiàng)是作者反對(duì)的觀念，作者認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)當(dāng)利用自己所接受的培訓(xùn)為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，而非僅為實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭角色。

20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

20．作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)________。[A] 即使沒(méi)有女性參與其中也能很好地運(yùn)行 [B] 由于缺乏女性護(hù)士與教師而大大阻礙了

其發(fā)展

[C] 沒(méi)有女性的貢獻(xiàn)而無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行 [D] 將繼續(xù)受到重工業(yè)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易中女性工

作人員短缺的嚴(yán)重影響

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。第三段②句明確指出，如果沒(méi)有女性在各個(gè)職業(yè)領(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)將無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行，[C]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第三段僅是利用護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)中女性的重要性說(shuō)明女性對(duì)于社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。[D]選項(xiàng)過(guò)度引申，首先文中提到的是工業(yè)與貿(mào)易兩大領(lǐng)域，并未具體到重工業(yè)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易；其次最后一段末句所提出的是一種假設(shè)的現(xiàn)象，而并非事實(shí)。

五、全文翻譯

傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。人們認(rèn)為照顧孩子是女性的天職，但是如今的家庭規(guī)模變小，孩子之間的年齡僅相差一兩歲，這樣女性生育孩子的整個(gè)期限也不過(guò)五年。此外，由于孩子在五六歲時(shí)開(kāi)始接受義務(wù)教育，女性作為其子女主要教育者的角色也隨之終止。因此，即使我們都贊同女性在孩子入學(xué)之前應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照顧他們，這段時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)也不過(guò)十年。

有人可以辯解說(shuō)，以家庭為重的女性在家庭中總有很多事情要做。這或許是事實(shí)，但是很顯然，女性沒(méi)必要花一輩子時(shí)間來(lái)做飯、打掃和縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)。洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。電冰箱可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存儲(chǔ)食物，并且現(xiàn)在很多冷凍食物都是罐裝，方便獲取。購(gòu)物已經(jīng)不是每日必做的事情，你可以在一天之內(nèi)完成一周的采購(gòu)。新型的人造纖維比自然纖維更耐穿，這大大減少了縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)的需要，而成裝既價(jià)格便宜又貨源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外，社會(huì)的需要也必須納入考慮之中。如果沒(méi)有女性在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域和其他各種工作中的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行。護(hù)士與教師領(lǐng)域人才短缺，而這只是兩種女性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)。社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)??！確實(shí)，這種培訓(xùn)會(huì)幫助她們做一個(gè)更好的媽媽，但是如果她們繼續(xù)工作，她們的服務(wù)將為社會(huì)帶來(lái)更多的利益。很多工廠與商店的工作人員也是女性，大多數(shù)都是已婚者。盡管培訓(xùn)在這種情況下不是主要問(wèn)題，但是如果已婚女性不再工作的話，工業(yè)和貿(mào)易就會(huì)遭遇人員短缺的窘境。

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm?s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven?t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women?s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don?t know of any definite answers I?d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn?t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don?t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ?A nurse,? they laugh at me.I just smile and say, ?You know, there are female doctors, too.?”

Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It?s probably coming--but not very soon.一、試題結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文第一至三段指出男性正在從事越來(lái)越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作，而且這些變化影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的有關(guān)男性和女性工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念。第四至六段分析指出男性從事女性工作的動(dòng)機(jī)和其他找工作的動(dòng)機(jī)一樣：出于個(gè)人的興趣或經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。第七、八段指出問(wèn)題仍然存在：從事傳統(tǒng)女性工作的男性仍然很少，而且會(huì)惹人笑話。第九段以小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士人數(shù)增加為例說(shuō)明仍然有令人鼓舞的跡象，并展望未來(lái)從事傳統(tǒng)女性職業(yè)的男性會(huì)和女性一樣多。

二、試題具體解析

21.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：定語(yǔ)從句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為this was a person，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾person。副詞clearly為插入語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)句子所表達(dá)的意思的態(tài)度。【詞義確定】take pride in意為“以...為豪”。considerable意為“相當(dāng)?shù)?可觀的”?！痉g】顯然，他是個(gè)對(duì)自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。22.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：方式狀語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句，句首為Just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句?！驹~義確定】necessarily意為“必然，必定”。automatically意為“自動(dòng)地”?！痉g】正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書(shū)和接待員再也不一定都是女的。

23.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句，定語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句由but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前一分句的主干為T(mén)hese changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions，名詞短語(yǔ)the types of work后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干為they also produce some undeniable problems for the men，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞men?！驹~義確定】long-standing意為“長(zhǎng)期存在的”。undeniable意為“不可否認(rèn)的”?！痉g】這些變化正影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對(duì)于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。24.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：定語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為I don?t know of any definite answers，名詞answers后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句(that)I?d be comfortable with?！驹~義確定】know of意為“知道，聽(tīng)說(shuō)”。

【翻譯】我還沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案。25.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：賓語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句是主從復(fù)合句，賓語(yǔ)從句由直接引語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。該從句是and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句：I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二個(gè)分句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

【詞義確定】out of the service意為“退職（役）”。go into意為“從事”。

【翻譯】他回憶說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。

26.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞短語(yǔ)表原因，定語(yǔ)從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干為men enter “female” jobs，介詞短語(yǔ)out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做狀語(yǔ)，表示“出于……的原因”。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)personal interest and economic necessity。【詞義確定】necessity意為“需要，必需品，必然”。motivate意為“激發(fā)，給予動(dòng)機(jī)”?！痉g】換句話說(shuō)，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。27.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式構(gòu)成。【詞義確定】line of work意為“職業(yè)”。invite意為“招致（尤指壞事）”。ridicule意為“嘲笑，愚弄”。

【翻譯】選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。28.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句?！揪渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為Can we anticipate a day，兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞a day，具體說(shuō)明什么樣的一天?！驹~義確定】mix意為“混合”。raise eyebrows意為“揚(yáng)起眉毛；懷疑、吃驚的表情”?！痉g】我們是否能預(yù)見(jiàn)到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書(shū)的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚？

三、全文翻譯

坐在一家紐約公司前臺(tái)后面的接待員非常有效率。

這家公司穿著入時(shí)的新職員接電話時(shí)有著悅耳的聲音和自然的魅力，這使客戶感到自在。公司非常滿意：（21）顯然，他是個(gè)對(duì)自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。接待員大衛(wèi)·金不同尋常，但絕非獨(dú)特。（22）正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書(shū)和接待員再也不一定都是女的。在以女性為主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域男性的數(shù)量仍然很少，他們也沒(méi)有像進(jìn)入以男性為主的領(lǐng)域的女性那樣常常得到關(guān)注。但是男性正在從事越來(lái)越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作。

嚴(yán)格來(lái)講，這不是新現(xiàn)象。過(guò)去幾十年中，男性已經(jīng)悄悄地進(jìn)入護(hù)理、社會(huì)工作和基礎(chǔ)教育等領(lǐng)域。但是，如今沒(méi)有什么工作似乎是超出范圍的。男性也在辦公室準(zhǔn)備咖啡、在飛機(jī)上準(zhǔn)備食物。（23）這些變化正影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對(duì)于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。什么樣的男性冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入這些所謂的“女性領(lǐng)域”呢？各種各樣的男性。（24）“我還沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案”，威爾斯利大學(xué)女性研究中心的約瑟芬·普萊克博士解釋說(shuō)。

比如，在一家波士頓醫(yī)院工作的30歲護(hù)士薩姆·沃蒙特從事護(hù)理工作，因?yàn)檐婈?duì)曾訓(xùn)練他成為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者。（25）他回憶說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。我對(duì)于成為醫(yī)生并不真的感興趣。”三十五歲的大衛(wèi)·金是一位失業(yè)的演員，他找了一份接待員的工作，因?yàn)樗茈y在百老匯得到合適的角色，卻需要支付房租。

（26）換句話說(shuō)，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。但是相似性也僅此而已。承擔(dān)女性主導(dǎo)的工作的男性是很明顯的。他們這個(gè)群體的工作歷史在大部分方面與其女性同事不同。他們經(jīng)常從那些在職業(yè)上有接觸的人那里得到不同的待遇。問(wèn)題自然產(chǎn)生了：為什么仍然有99個(gè)女秘書(shū)，而只有1個(gè)男秘書(shū)？還有一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。大部分男性不想成為接待員、護(hù)士、秘書(shū)或縫紉工。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，這些工作通常不被認(rèn)為是男性化的工作。（27）選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。

沃蒙特回憶說(shuō)：“最初只是開(kāi)玩笑。從學(xué)校來(lái)的孩子們問(wèn)我是誰(shuí)，當(dāng)我說(shuō)“是護(hù)士”，他們都嘲笑我。我只是笑著說(shuō)“知道嗎，也有女醫(yī)生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的跡象。多年前，小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士一樣稀有。如今，六個(gè)小學(xué)老師中至少有一個(gè)是男性。（28）我們是否能預(yù)見(jiàn)到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書(shū)的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚?