第一篇：2013考研英語(yǔ)(一)翻譯真題及解析

2013考研英語(yǔ)

（一）翻譯真題及解析--中域教育網(wǎng)

46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.解析

考察重點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做后置定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)從句，插入語(yǔ)

這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)非常清晰：it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.是主句，其中for all their diversity of styles是插入語(yǔ)。時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless,提前至主句之前，其中created by the homeless 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾 the gardens。詞匯的識(shí)別：句子中的動(dòng)詞looks at，對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)是 the photographs of the gardens,因此翻譯成“觀看”。句子中created by the homeless對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)是 the gardens,因此翻譯成“創(chuàng)建、建立”。句子中的動(dòng)詞speak of對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)是 various other fundamental urges，因此翻譯成“透露、顯示、表明”。

參考翻譯：然而當(dāng)我們觀看那些由無(wú)家可歸的人創(chuàng)建的家園的照片時(shí)，它們的那些各種各樣的風(fēng)格，會(huì)給人以深深的震撼。這些家園在它的裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表示之上，透露出了其他基本的需求。

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：三個(gè)動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ook at, created by the homeless和speak of”的翻譯各占0.5分，目標(biāo)漢語(yǔ)的通順流暢占0.5分。

47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.解析

考察重點(diǎn)：讓步壯語(yǔ)從句，插入語(yǔ)，比較狀語(yǔ)從句

這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔：A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need,是主句，其中, however crude it may be,是讓步壯語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)； as opposed to shelter which is a distinctly animal need.是比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

詞匯的識(shí)別：句子中的三個(gè)系詞在表與信息的提示之下分別翻譯成為“是人類的基本需求”；“無(wú)論多么粗糙（貧瘠）”；“是動(dòng)物的基本需求”。

參考翻譯：一塊神圣的和平之地，不管它有多么粗糙，它都是一種人類基本的需求，和庇護(hù)所相反，那只是動(dòng)物的基本需求。

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：三個(gè)系詞的翻譯各占0.5分，目標(biāo)漢語(yǔ)的通順流暢占0.5分。

48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

解析：

考察重點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句

這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔： The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from it to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such是主句，其中 which are in effect homeless garden 是定語(yǔ)從句修飾 The gardens of the homeless;定語(yǔ)從句where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such修飾先行詞 an urban environment。

參考翻譯： 無(wú)家可歸的人的家園，事實(shí)上是無(wú)所謂家的家園，給要么是不存在的，要么是無(wú)法分辨得清的城市環(huán)境引入了一種形式。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“introduce from it to”、系詞“are”、“didn’t exist, was not discernible”的翻譯各占0.5分，目標(biāo)漢語(yǔ)的通順流暢占0.5分。

49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

解析

考察重點(diǎn)：時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句

這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)稍顯復(fù)雜：Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是主句，其中, which we usually blame on some psychological conditions 是定語(yǔ)從句 until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

詞匯的識(shí)別：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“give in”在賓語(yǔ) demoralization of spirit的指導(dǎo)下，翻譯為“屈服于”；“blame which on some psychological conditions”中的blame翻譯成為“推卸到”；find發(fā)現(xiàn)，feel感受到。參考翻譯： 我們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)人都屈服于精神的道德敗壞，我們經(jīng)常把這種精神上的敗壞推卸到心理環(huán)境上，直到有一天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一個(gè)家園當(dāng)中，并感受到這種壓迫好像魔法一樣消失.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：三組動(dòng)詞的翻譯各占0.5分，目標(biāo)漢語(yǔ)的通順流暢占0.5分。

50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.解析：

考察重點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，插入語(yǔ)

這個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)稍顯復(fù)雜： It is this ??that ??是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，還原成正常語(yǔ)序后句子表達(dá)為“this implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of the word garden”；though in a“l(fā)iberated”sense是插入語(yǔ)。

詞匯的識(shí)別：動(dòng)詞“justify”在賓語(yǔ) the use of word garden的指導(dǎo)下，翻譯為“證實(shí)?是合理的”；動(dòng)詞“describe”在賓語(yǔ)“these synthetic constructions”的指導(dǎo)之下翻譯成“描述”。

參考翻譯： 正是這種隱晦或明顯的涉及自然，盡管是從一種解放的意義上來(lái)說(shuō), 充分地證實(shí)了用來(lái)描述這些人造建筑的花園這個(gè)單詞很貼切。

評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的翻譯各占0.5分，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的翻譯占0.5分，目標(biāo)漢語(yǔ)的通順流暢占0.5分。

第二篇：2013考研英語(yǔ)(一)翻譯真題。

2013考研英語(yǔ)

（一）翻譯真題--中域教育網(wǎng)

46.yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47.A sacred place of peace, however, crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelt which is a distinctly animal need.48.The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless garden introduce from in to an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such

49.Mast of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic

50.It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “l(fā)iberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.

第三篇：2018考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題大作文主題解析

http://004km.cn/kaoyan/ 考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題大作文主題解析

2018考研英語(yǔ)考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，走出考場(chǎng)的同學(xué)們你們感覺(jué)還好嗎?每次考試大家最關(guān)心的就是作文話題，考前各種猜測(cè)，總結(jié)各種主題詞!看到今年英語(yǔ)一大作文圖畫后，小編想問(wèn)一問(wèn)，你背的主題詞中了幾個(gè)?我們?cè)趫D畫上看到好多關(guān)鍵詞，反而一下子不知道寫哪個(gè)主題了?實(shí)際上，仔細(xì)分析一下，該圖反應(yīng)的主題還是非常明確的。下面文都考研教研院的何娜娜老師帶大家一起解讀一下2018考研英語(yǔ)一真題大作文的主題。

今年的考研英語(yǔ)一大作文畫風(fēng)是這樣子的：

52.Directions:

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should

1)describe the picture briefly

2)interpret the meaning, and

3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

http://004km.cn/kaoyan/

主題分析：一個(gè)學(xué)生在瀏覽選課系統(tǒng)，圖上給出了許多文字信息，實(shí)際上我們可以把這些信息分成兩類就好理解了。左邊的類型是“知識(shí)新，重創(chuàng)新，有難度”，右邊的類型是“給分高，易通過(guò)，作業(yè)少”，面對(duì)這兩種類型的課程，你作為學(xué)生會(huì)選擇哪一種呢?當(dāng)然正確的一類應(yīng)該是選擇“知識(shí)新，重創(chuàng)新，有難度”?？忌庾R(shí)到這個(gè)圖畫是要讓大家討論：在選擇課程時(shí)，是以什么作為選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?

寫作思路：

第一段：首先來(lái)看一下圖畫描述中你會(huì)用到的關(guān)鍵詞，(文都老師也想幫大家吐槽一下，歷年的真題中從來(lái)就沒(méi)有哪一年的關(guān)鍵詞像今年這么多啊!)而這些詞不寫貌似是不行滴，哪怕你沒(méi)有全翻譯出來(lái)，也要把兩種類型課程的特點(diǎn)描述到位。“知識(shí)新，重創(chuàng)新，有難度”emphasizing innovation and new knowledge, with much difficulty.“給分高，易通過(guò)，作業(yè)少”giving high marks and easily passed, with little homework.不一定要逐詞翻譯，只要能把主要意思寫出來(lái)就可以啦!最后圖下面的這個(gè)這幾行字可以選擇不寫的，因?yàn)樗皇侵黝}，只是提示了圖畫情景而已。

http://004km.cn/kaoyan/ 第二段：論述的套路可以先說(shuō)目前有這樣兩類課程，一類的特點(diǎn)是什么，另一類的特點(diǎn)是什么，然后說(shuō)有些學(xué)生看中的是后者，而現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生會(huì)選擇前者。然后強(qiáng)調(diào)在當(dāng)今時(shí)代背景下，注重知識(shí)積累和創(chuàng)新，以及接受新挑戰(zhàn)的重要性。

第三段：尾段的寫作思路就是，倡導(dǎo)正確的做法，然后強(qiáng)調(diào)主題的重要性和意義。(這種模板句大家應(yīng)該都背過(guò)很多啊!)比如：Nothing would be more important than cultivating the consciousness of innovation to face new challenge and competition in the upcoming future.大作文屬于開放式的寫作，對(duì)主題的解讀可以有差異化，所以你只要能抓住圖畫的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論述，都是可以的!所以不要太擔(dān)心主題跑偏的問(wèn)題。文都網(wǎng)校預(yù)祝大家考出好成績(jī)!

文都2018考研真題考后全方位剖析，二十多位名師為您帶來(lái)所有科目真題點(diǎn)評(píng)的直播盛宴~25日晚 考研公共課專場(chǎng)(考研神秘大咖直播抽獎(jiǎng))26日晚 考研專業(yè)課專場(chǎng)。

第四篇：2018考研英語(yǔ)(一)真題答案及解析

2018年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(一)試題答案詳解

本套真題答案由海文機(jī)構(gòu)提供目前僅供參考，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案在官方公布后會(huì)為您更新

Section I Use of English

1、【答案】[B] for

【解析】此處考察介詞的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一個(gè)必要條件_____許多重要事情)此處應(yīng)該是說(shuō)，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)...來(lái)說(shuō))符合語(yǔ)義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來(lái)自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像...)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語(yǔ)義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。

2、【答案】[C] faith

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠(chéng))與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C] faith。

3、【答案】[B] price

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說(shuō)信任的好處。On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大...)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrong place”，本句應(yīng)該在說(shuō)信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥耍钥崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語(yǔ)義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B] price(代價(jià))。

4、【答案】[D] Then

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥恕５诙味问滋岢鰡?wèn)題：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍?。只有D選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為D then(那么)。A選項(xiàng)again(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);B選項(xiàng)instead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)therefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、【答案】[A] When

【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項(xiàng)when(當(dāng)..時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)unless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到...)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語(yǔ)義不通順，故排除。

6、【答案】[C] produce

【解析】此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問(wèn)題。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin, a hormone.上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語(yǔ)從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配，可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒，并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C.produce 正確。

7、【答案】[A] connect

【解析】此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and 連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and 前面的flock together.因此選擇A.connect

8、【答案】[B] to

【解析】此處考察上下語(yǔ)境下的名詞介詞搭配問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us….所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposure to 構(gòu)成搭配語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

9、【答案】[D] mood

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來(lái)一種愉悅的情

緒pleasurable feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來(lái)情緒;語(yǔ)氣;心境。因此選擇 mood。

10、【答案】[A] counterparts

【解析】此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文指出，In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ,可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts.相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11、【答案】[C] Lucky

【解析】此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說(shuō)我們有這兩種天賦，對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd 奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny 有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic 諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、【答案】[A] protect

【解析】此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說(shuō)明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect 保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight 使高興;C 選項(xiàng) surprise 使震驚;D選項(xiàng)monitor 監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。

13、【答案】[D] between

【解析】此處考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B.介詞between表示在A和B之間 , 原文含義為：“4個(gè)月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”。

14、【答案】[C] introduced

【解析】此處考察成分搭配。原文表達(dá)： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container.只有C選項(xiàng)be introduced to sth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A 選項(xiàng)added 添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng) entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、【答案】[B] inside

【解析】此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________.只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside 才能和前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into一脈相承。

16、【答案】[D] discovered

【解析】此處考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty… 這是用分號(hào)并列的連個(gè)句子，都是在講試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，前半句再講一半的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再說(shuō)另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16題填入的應(yīng)該是found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

17、【答案】[A] fooled

【解析】此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索?！猘nd realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說(shuō)明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且意識(shí)到測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃?，既然盒子是空的那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語(yǔ)的意思決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故A fooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

18、【答案】[B] willing

【解析】 此處考察搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)意為在所有沒(méi)有被戲弄過(guò)的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B.willing，與were willing to 構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

19、【答案】[D] In contrast

【解析】此處考察句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.通過(guò)該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的 the majority of 形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A表示總結(jié)，B表示結(jié)果，C表示舉例子，只有D表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

20、【答案】[C] unreliable

【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity.該句含義為：在接下來(lái)的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以 tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21、【答案】D Middle-class workers

【解析】根據(jù)題干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the middle class is one that...for their jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句話，可以得知相對(duì)于低收入者和富人，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受到的沖擊最大。

22、【答案】C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled

【解析】根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But...middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting”，but轉(zhuǎn)折句再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，即中產(chǎn)階級(jí)工人需要很多幫助來(lái)調(diào)整應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，末句中”may need a lot of help”同義替換成選項(xiàng)C中的“need to be tackled”，自動(dòng)化帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題需要被解決，得出C答案。

23、【答案】A creative potential

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication”。由該句可知，課程應(yīng)該更關(guān)注創(chuàng)造性和復(fù)雜的溝通而非記憶事實(shí)。所以，應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)creative potential(創(chuàng)造潛能)，同義替換為creativity。

24、【答案】D preventing the income gap from widening

【解析】該題考查作者的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞可定位到第六段第一句“Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought”。由該句可知，由于自動(dòng)化加大了資本收入和勞動(dòng)力收入的差距，所以應(yīng)該重新考慮稅收和安全網(wǎng)(保障措施)，即稅收政策應(yīng)該避免收入差距擴(kuò)大，選D選項(xiàng)preventing the income gap from widening。

25、【答案】B possible solutions to it

【解析】作者在文章第一、二段提出問(wèn)題“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)受自動(dòng)化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中產(chǎn)階級(jí)需要幫助去適應(yīng)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，接下來(lái)第四段至第六段介紹解決方法，最后一段表明作者觀點(diǎn)。所以應(yīng)該選B 選項(xiàng)possible solutions to it(解決問(wèn)題的相應(yīng)方法)。

Text 2

26、【答案】[D] social media as a reliable source of news

【解析】雙段推理題。根據(jù)題目定位到第1段和第2段，雙段推理優(yōu)先考慮雙段主旨。第一段中心句為最后一句話：Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform?！扒ъ淮矚g白宮直接發(fā)布的消息…而不是總統(tǒng)社交媒體發(fā)布的信息”，說(shuō)明他們不太信任社交媒體。第2段中心為第二句轉(zhuǎn)折之后，說(shuō)明對(duì)于社交媒體的不信任上升。故雙段中心都和他們不信任社交媒體相關(guān)。結(jié)合以上信息，得出社交媒體信息不可靠，選擇D。

27、【答案】[A] sharpen

【解析】詞匯釋義題。根據(jù)題目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills。句子的情感色彩判斷，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前提到“人們對(duì)于所有媒體的不信任增加”，可以推知人們應(yīng)該開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能，故選A。

28.【答案】B verify news by referring to diverse sources.【解析】范例證明題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段第二句話。因?yàn)槟稠?xiàng)研究一般是論據(jù)證明前面的論點(diǎn)，故答案應(yīng)該位于第一句話“Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from fiction in cyberspace.” 說(shuō)明答案應(yīng)該“和年輕人更容易把網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的事實(shí)和虛假信息區(qū)分開來(lái)”，故答案為B“驗(yàn)證新聞的真?zhèn)巍?。為了精確可以在論據(jù)中去驗(yàn)證，論據(jù)中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different

perspectives”，都是和多重角度驗(yàn)證信息真?zhèn)蜗嚓P(guān)的。

29.【答案】C readers’ misinterpretation

【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason對(duì)應(yīng)the top reason，而原文剩余信息為“reader error”, 所以應(yīng)該和讀者相關(guān)。Error應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)misinterpretation, 故答案為C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰，下句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明答案的內(nèi)容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news進(jìn)一步印證C為正確答案。

30.【答案】A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online

【解析】全文主旨題。本篇文章屬于篇首轉(zhuǎn)折，二段轉(zhuǎn)折之后為全文主旨，yet之后說(shuō)道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”.“隨著對(duì)于所有媒體不信任的上升，人們開始增強(qiáng)其媒體素養(yǎng)的技能”，故答案為A。為了驗(yàn)證，可以看篇末，篇末重申主題，so之后講道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media.” 更進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和人們批判性看待社交媒體上的新聞相關(guān)。

Text 3

31、【答案】[B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根據(jù)a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy這一部分的語(yǔ)義信息，說(shuō)明NHS與DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒(méi)有充分考慮到病人的權(quán)利與隱私。這句話的言外之意就是協(xié)議未能充分關(guān)注病人的權(quán)利。故確定答案為選項(xiàng)B，其中failed to是took far too little account的同義改寫。

32、【答案】[C] necessary adjustments.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的NHS trust, 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways.” 根據(jù)第二句的語(yǔ)義信息，NHS trust針對(duì)Denham’s verdict已經(jīng)調(diào)整了其與DeepMind的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，故通過(guò)同義替換，可確定正確答案為C。

33、【答案】[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干，此題定位在第二段最后一句but之后的轉(zhuǎn)折句?！癇ut this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”.這種區(qū)分忽視了一個(gè)點(diǎn)：是處理和收集賦予數(shù)據(jù)意義，而不是擁有數(shù)據(jù)。選項(xiàng)中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中的“the value of data”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“data value”。因此，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34、【答案】[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干此題定位在文中最后一段的第四句?！癢hat matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.”重要的是這些進(jìn)步屬于一個(gè)私人壟斷企業(yè)，而私人壟斷企來(lái)使用公共資源進(jìn)行研發(fā)。而這正真正的擔(dān)憂所在。因此，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的a private monopoly。

35、【答案】[B] cautious

【解析】態(tài)度題。本題考查作者對(duì)本文主題“將人工智能應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療健康”的態(tài)度。根據(jù)順序性原則定位在最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第三句話指出“我們目前依然處于這一改革的前期，并且任何小的選擇都會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”，其中“still”一詞，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)對(duì)比，都體現(xiàn)出了作者對(duì)待整個(gè)事件是小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度，因此[B] cautious為正確答案。

Text 4

36、【答案】[B] its rigid management

【解析】根據(jù)題干判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。第一段的前三句都是有關(guān)USPS的具體數(shù)字，屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息。第四句出現(xiàn)many reasons很多原因。緊接著下面就有fundamentally根本原因是，所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析這個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句，USPS 處在squeeze between 1 and 2,中，1是technological change, 2是structure.2的structure后定語(yǔ)從句：denies management flexibility 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B: rigid management。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】：選項(xiàng)A，budget文中未有涉及。選項(xiàng)C，雖然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是：技術(shù)改革降低需求，并沒(méi)有提到cost成本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D，the withdrawal of bank support 銀行支持撤銷了，原文并沒(méi)有提及銀行支持，直接排除。

37、【答案】[A] the interference from interest groups

【解析】 根據(jù)題干due to，判斷本題考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞：USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句，在這句前l(fā)eaving，留下，導(dǎo)致這個(gè)結(jié)果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation, 而且這句前還有this is why，只要找到代詞this指代就可以判斷選項(xiàng)。代詞往前推，根據(jù)這句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress選擇選項(xiàng)A，interference 對(duì)應(yīng) exert pressure on。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】選項(xiàng)B，the inadequate funding from Congress,原文雖然有提到Congress國(guó)會(huì)，the aspect of status quo get protected, 國(guó)會(huì)保護(hù)USPS，并沒(méi)有提及inadequate funding基金不足。選項(xiàng)C，the shrinking demand for postal service 郵政需求縮減，文中沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)D, the incompetence of postal unions 郵政工會(huì)的不作為。文章有提到工會(huì)，但是只提他們是屬于Interest groups,并沒(méi)有提到無(wú)作為。

38、【答案】[A] removing its burden of retiree health care

【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)38題題干The long-standing complaint by the....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus....”.再根據(jù)題干中“ can be addressed by” 即：通過(guò)哪種方式解決，此處為解題要點(diǎn)，通過(guò)哪種方式來(lái)解決，前后明顯為結(jié)果與途徑的關(guān)系，即可理解為因果關(guān)系。文章此句后半句正是題干，thus前半句為答案The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care。與 A.B.C.D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配后，正確答案為 A removing its burden of retiree health care。

39、【答案】[C] discontent

【解析】根據(jù)題干可以判斷本題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題?；匚亩ㄎ坏阶詈笠欢?。題干“the author seems to view legislators with”, 具體定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting frightened.......” 再根據(jù)題干，問(wèn)作者最終態(tài)度，本段最后一句，轉(zhuǎn)折句是作者最終的態(tài)度：“ It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about....” , 即作者認(rèn)為他們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)真對(duì)待。所以此處作者態(tài)度為否定。匹配A B C D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng) 只有C discontent(不滿)為負(fù)向信息，所以為正確答案。

40、【答案】[D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid

【解析】根據(jù)題干特征詞“best title”，這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)前四道題問(wèn)的主題，第一道題和第二道題是USPS出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，并分析原因，第三道題給出解決方法，第四道題提到作者對(duì)于這個(gè)方法的態(tài)度，即提出問(wèn)題—分析問(wèn)題—解決問(wèn)題，并在最后給出作者對(duì)這個(gè)解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)這個(gè)文章框架，首先A選項(xiàng)“USPS開始錯(cuò)過(guò)了它的好時(shí)光”，這只是提出問(wèn)題，相對(duì)片面;B選項(xiàng)“USPS：不要?jiǎng)游业哪汤摇? 這是拒絕解決問(wèn)題的態(tài)度，不符合文章的寫作思路;C選項(xiàng)“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，這個(gè)chronic和quick都沒(méi)有在文中提到;D選項(xiàng)“USPS需要的不僅僅是權(quán)宜之計(jì)”，這說(shuō)的其實(shí)作者對(duì)于解決方案的評(píng)價(jià)，在文章最后一段。這段最后結(jié)尾有But，有however，“it[指代前文講的方法] is not a sign……”，對(duì)此作者表示否定態(tài)度。所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。Part B

41、【答案】 [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a…

【解析】 E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案。同時(shí)，從給定選項(xiàng)C第一句提到the State, War，and Navy Building…，the在此特指，可以作為另一一個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng)中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War，and Navy Building...。故41題答案選E。

42、【答案】[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…

【解析】C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events(建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件)，而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到了the history of the EEOB…(EEOB的歷史...)，意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。

43、【答案】[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed…

【解析】確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(談到拆除the State Department Building), 而A選項(xiàng)中談到了select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department，建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building，前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。

44、【答案】[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department’s south wing…

【解析】 根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意，該句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by wing(該建筑逐翼展開).而B選項(xiàng)第一句談到了...south wing was the first to be occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句又談到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至東翼).先在F段總起，再在B段中分說(shuō)，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B.45、【答案】[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…

【解析】 B段結(jié)尾處談到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the Secretary(這些精美的墻....裝飾了秘書處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls(歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn)), the wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45題答案選D。

Section III Translation

(46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【題目考點(diǎn)】代詞還原;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】and并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為：…Europe was witnessing the passing … and the creation of …;of the religious drama為定語(yǔ)修飾the passing;under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為狀語(yǔ)

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】witness 見(jiàn)證 religious宗教的 drama戲劇 incentive刺激

【參考譯文】莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。

(47)no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【題目考點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句;賓語(yǔ)從句;并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】主句主干：no boy… could be ignorant that…。who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾boy，that引導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語(yǔ)從句，which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a form of literature，gave…and might bring honor…為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】grammar school 文法學(xué)校 ignorant忽視 literature文學(xué) glory 榮耀

【參考譯文】任何文法學(xué)校的學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來(lái)榮耀，也許同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來(lái)殊榮。

(48)But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.【題目考點(diǎn)】并列句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】并列句主干分別為：…companies prospered … and university men …were quick to…

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】professional 專業(yè)的 prosper繁榮 permanent theater永久性劇院

【參考譯文】但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來(lái)，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī)遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。

(49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.【題目考點(diǎn)】伴隨狀語(yǔ)，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a … drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ);and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生”。at least為固定搭配，表示“至少”。tradition作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。

【參考譯文】一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開始登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。

(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【題目考點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember…”，主句之前的非謂語(yǔ)to realize作為目的狀語(yǔ)，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)remember的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)

從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾author of note。

【重點(diǎn)詞匯】realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到”。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式，意思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的”。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來(lái);比…活得長(zhǎng)”。hosts of表示“大量的”。

【參考譯文】為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可能沒(méi)有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來(lái)。

Section IV Writing

51.【參考范文】

Dear professors，I, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m.to 11 a.m.The details about the ceremony are as follows.First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future.In addition, several experts will be invited to issuing certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to have the accompany of all of you in the graduation ceremony.Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Your sincerely，Li Ming

52.【參考范文】

Exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting before a computer, a college student is choosing his optional class, wondering and pondering whether he should choose an easier course or a tougher but creative course.Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning it conveys is profound and thought-provoking.It is beyond doubt that the painter aims to tell us that everyone, especially college students, should have the spirit of creation and innovation.To put it another way, innovation is an essential and indispensable role for anyone who wants to succeed.This can be directly attributed to the fact that one may be caught in dilemma, at least once in life.Such a dilemma may coincidentally be most difficult period in his life.Then there are two choices before him: making a creative choice or an easier one.If he chooses the former and tries to break through the barrier, difficult as it will be, success will be the result one day.However, although it seems to be much easier for him at the moment, the latter choice may kill off his dream and ambition, and such choice then will be a pity all his life.As college student, definitely, we are facing or will face many difficulties.At such moment, we should bear in mind that creation is a necessary and indispensable quality in our life, a positive attitude to life and an approach to success.Keep the spirit of innovation, and we will win a better life.

第五篇：1988年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析

1988年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題

Section I Close Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)

①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God

1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧

months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrims

that winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Living

began to improve in the spring of 1621.1○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were plentiful.1○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing.1○6The colonists? health

with the warm weather and their better diet.1○7In the fall, they look back

the past year.○18They were both regretful and thankful.○19Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained.○20The price in human life and tragedy had been great.2○1On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future.○22A splendid harvest was

them.2○3They were ready for the second winter with confidence.2○4They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter.2○5Seven were for families, and four were for communal use.2○6 9 , they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.2○7The woods and forests became safe.○28When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists.○29At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday.○30It was their first Thanks giving Day.[328 words] 1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way ［C］ on their own

［D］ of their own 2.［A］ course

［B］ route

［C］ passage ［D］ channel 3.［A］ Uncomfortable ［B］ Bad

［C］ Unfavourable ［D］ Terrible 4.［A］ passed

［B］ sustained ［C］ survived ［D］ spent 5.［A］ situations

［B］ environments ［C］ conditions

［D］ circumstances 6.［A］ strengthened ［B］ regained ［C］ recovered ［D］ improved 7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 9.［A］ Best of all ［B］ For the best ［C］ To their best ［D］ All in all 10.［A］ ashore

［B］ around

［C］ about

［D］ aboard

試題精解

一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了“五月花號(hào)”抵達(dá)美洲新大陸的情況及感恩節(jié)的來(lái)歷。

第一段交代了文章的背景：一批殖民者到達(dá)北美新大陸。①至④句介紹了“五月花號(hào)”前往美洲的原因，⑤至⑩句介紹了“五月花號(hào)”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陸后遇到的困難，○11至1○6句介紹了他們生活條件得到好轉(zhuǎn)的原因及表現(xiàn)。第二段通過(guò)對(duì)過(guò)去的回顧與對(duì)未來(lái)的展望，敘述了朝圣者懷有感恩的心態(tài)并與當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩撕炇鹩押脜f(xié)定，為下文感恩節(jié)的形成做了鋪墊。

第三段說(shuō)明了感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生的直接原因：朝圣者想慶祝他們定居新家的第一年。

二、試題具體分析

1.［A］ in their own style

［B］ in their own way以…特有的方式 ［C］ on their own單獨(dú)，獨(dú)立地

［D］ of their own自己的，本人的 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：句內(nèi)語(yǔ)義+固定短語(yǔ)

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾worship God，說(shuō)明朝圣者前往新大陸的原因。in one?s own way是固定搭配，意為“以…特有的方式”，代入文中意為“以他們特有的方式敬仰上帝”，符合上下文邏輯關(guān)系，為正確答案。on their own與of their own不符合文意，style雖然可以表示“方式、方法”，但該含義不用于in one?s own…結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個(gè)層次，揭示了五月花號(hào)前往新大陸的原因。④句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主干為They were looking for a place，后接where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾place。［空格設(shè)置］in one?s own way是固定短語(yǔ)，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的確是以她特有的方式愛(ài)你。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用常見(jiàn)的固定搭配設(shè)置干擾。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.這一事故的發(fā)生不是她本人的過(guò)錯(cuò)。He did it on his own.這件事他獨(dú)立完成了。

2.［A］ course航向，航線

［B］ route路線，路途 ［C］ passage通道，航程

［D］ channel渠道，海峽 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析

［快速解題］空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語(yǔ)，因此此題關(guān)鍵是判斷那個(gè)選項(xiàng)可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在后兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。［篇章分析］⑤至⑩句是第一段的第二個(gè)層次，分別介紹了朝圣者在航行中及登陸后遇到的困難。

［空格設(shè)置］course除了考生熟悉的表示“課程”的含義外，還可意為“（船或飛機(jī)的）航向，航線“，如：The plane was on/off course.飛機(jī)航向正確/偏離航向。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他表示“路徑”的詞對(duì)course形成近義干擾。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一條是最佳路線？This passage will take us to the other building.穿過(guò)這條通道，我們就可以到達(dá)另一座大樓。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投訴必須通過(guò)正當(dāng)途徑進(jìn)行。

3.［A］ Uncomfortable令人不舒適的 ［B］ Bad令人不快的，壞的

［C］ Unfavourable不利的，有害的 ［D］ Terrible可怕的，造成極大傷害的 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+形容詞辨析 ［快速解題］空格處填入的形容詞做定語(yǔ)修飾months，意為“…的幾個(gè)月”。months后面的of…介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也做定語(yǔ)后置修飾months，由of后面的一系列名詞“starvation、disease、death”可知，這幾個(gè)月的情況是極其嚴(yán)重的，因此，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中應(yīng)選擇表示惡劣程度最深的terrible。

［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“不利的”的形容詞設(shè)置干擾，考生需結(jié)合詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)含義的程度與具體語(yǔ)境排除干擾。

4.［A］ passed通過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)；消磨，度過(guò)

［B］ sustained維持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺過(guò)，艱難度過(guò) ［D］ spent花（時(shí)間），度過(guò) 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人…那個(gè)冬天”。pass常用于指無(wú)聊或等人時(shí)打發(fā)、消磨時(shí)間；spend強(qiáng)調(diào)以某種方式花時(shí)間，常接on sth或in doing sth來(lái)表示方式。sustain雖然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作賓語(yǔ)，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有survive，指“艱難挺過(guò)那個(gè)冬天”，與上一題中的terrible相呼應(yīng)。［空格設(shè)置］本題借survive考查了考生對(duì)上下文的理解。例句：I can?t survive on $40 a week.一星期40美元，我無(wú)法維持生活。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用表示“度過(guò)”的動(dòng)詞對(duì)survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我們借唱歌消磨時(shí)間。Few planets can sustain life.能夠維持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作業(yè)用了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？ 5.［A］ situations情況，狀況

［B］ environments環(huán)境 ［C］ conditions環(huán)境，條件

［D］ circumstances條件，狀況 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+名詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分living 5 意為“生活…”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都含有“環(huán)境，狀況”的意思，但是側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同。situation強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)期和特定地點(diǎn)形勢(shì)、局面，environments特指影響個(gè)體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的環(huán)境或條件，circumstances尤其指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。由living以及下文的vegetables、berries等詞可知，這里指的是人們的生活條件得到改善，符合文意的為[C]conditions.［篇章分析］○11句至○16句是第一段的第三個(gè)層次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居點(diǎn)生活條件得到改善的原因及表現(xiàn)。

［空格設(shè)置］conditions本身詞義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但要求考生根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境排除干擾，作出正確判斷。例句：changing economic conditions不斷變化的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對(duì)conditions形成近義干擾。這幾個(gè)詞雖然含義相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我們都遇到過(guò)類似的尷尬局面。They have created an environment in which productivity should flourish.他們創(chuàng)造了一種可以大大提高生產(chǎn)力的環(huán)境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.補(bǔ)助金根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況發(fā)放。6.［A］strengthened加強(qiáng)，鞏固

［B］regained 重新獲得，恢復(fù) ［C］recovered恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)

［D］improved 改進(jìn)，改善 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分的主語(yǔ)是the colonists? health，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞能與health搭配，并且能與上下文銜接。strengthened指“增強(qiáng)能力或地位等”，不能與health搭配，首先排除。regained意為“恢復(fù)”時(shí)常做及物動(dòng)詞，不符合文中用法，但是可以說(shuō)…regained health。recovered本身即意為“恢復(fù)健康”，不需要health作主語(yǔ)。符合上下文語(yǔ)義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。

［篇章分析］○16句的主干部分是The colonists? health improved，介詞with的用法比較特殊，表原因，介賓短語(yǔ)with…解釋了health improved的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］improve的含義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但用法很豐富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手術(shù)后他的生活質(zhì)量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions提高效率/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；改善條件。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用考生熟悉的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)法設(shè)置干擾。漢語(yǔ)里經(jīng)常有“恢復(fù)健康、增強(qiáng)健康”的表達(dá)方式，考生要熟悉英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式的區(qū)別，排除干擾。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近幾個(gè)星期以來(lái)，她在黨內(nèi)的地位有所增強(qiáng)。I struggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢復(fù)自己的一點(diǎn)兒尊嚴(yán)。He?s still recovering from his operation.手術(shù)后，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。7.［A］ in

［B］ of

［C］ over

［D］ at 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞搭配

［快速解題］空格處填入的介詞既要與look back搭配，又要能接the past year作賓語(yǔ)。不存在look back in與look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。look back over與look back at都可意為“回顧”，但look back at后面接具體的時(shí)間或事物，look back over后面接特定階段，顯然文中the past year強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，符合要求的是look back over，代入文中意為“回顧過(guò)去的一年”。

［篇章分析］第二段分為兩個(gè)層次：1○7至○20句是對(duì)過(guò)去的回顧，2○1至○26句是對(duì)未來(lái)的展望與準(zhǔn)備?！?1句句首o(hù)n the other hand表明了這種今昔對(duì)比。

［空格設(shè)置］介詞over的含義和用法都很豐富，在知識(shí)運(yùn)用的文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境掌握該詞用法。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用其他可與look搭配的常用介詞設(shè)置干擾，需要正確理解上下文才排除干擾。8.［A］ on

［B］ behind

［C］ for

［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+介詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個(gè)大豐收…他們”。由○17句in the fall和○23句ready for the second winter可知，他們?cè)谇锾煲呀?jīng)取得大豐收，并為第二年冬天做準(zhǔn)備。behind意為used to say that sth is in sb?s past，它代入文中，意為“他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收”，即“已經(jīng)獲得了豐收”。其他項(xiàng)與them搭配分別意為“由他們支付”、“為了他們”與“他們無(wú)法理解“，均不符合上下文語(yǔ)義，應(yīng)排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二個(gè)層次的總起句，指出了對(duì)未來(lái)的希望。2○2句至段末分別從食物、住所以及人際關(guān)系三方面舉出了充滿希望的原因。

［空格設(shè)置］本題通過(guò)behind考查了考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)部時(shí)間邏輯的把握，及它本身不為考生所熟悉的含義。例句：She has ten years? useful experience behind her.她已有十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能派上用場(chǎng)。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無(wú)關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)義不難排除。

9.［A］ Best of all最好的是，尤其 ［B］ For the best出于好意 ［C］ To their best

［D］ All in all總的來(lái)說(shuō) 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系

［快速解題］空格處填入的短語(yǔ)放在句首，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷空格前后部分的邏輯關(guān)系。to their best短語(yǔ)不存在，首先排除。上文都是講殖民者為來(lái)年做的物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備，○26句重在強(qiáng)調(diào)人際關(guān)系方面的改善，體現(xiàn)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系的只有best of all。［篇章分析］2○6句雖然是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主干為they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all與with..，under…，in…三個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。［空格設(shè)置］邏輯關(guān)系在知識(shí)運(yùn)用中的考查比重越來(lái)越大，需要考生提高語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we don?t have any homework.最好的是我們沒(méi)有什么家庭作業(yè)了。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用詞形設(shè)置的形近干擾。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意這么做的。All in all it has been a great success.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，那是個(gè)巨大的成功。10.［A］ ashore在岸上

［B］ around周圍 ［C］ about到處

［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機(jī)）上 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+副詞辨析

［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當(dāng)‘五月花號(hào)’返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語(yǔ)義的銜接，為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)不符合上下文，應(yīng)排除。

［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，總結(jié)指出殖民者生活狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，他們?cè)谥趁竦囟ň酉聛?lái)?！?9句是過(guò)渡句，指出他們想要建立一個(gè)節(jié)日慶祝新的生活，由此引出○30句感恩節(jié)的來(lái)歷。［空格設(shè)置］aboard的含義和用法都比較簡(jiǎn)單，但需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷。

［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用aboard的形近詞設(shè)置的干擾，由于都脫離了上下文，不難排除。

三、全文翻譯

1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號(hào)”的小帆船離開倫敦駛往新大陸。“五月花號(hào)”向位于弗吉尼亞州溫暖海岸的詹姆斯頓殖民地行進(jìn)。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂風(fēng)和兇猛的暴風(fēng)雨，“五月花號(hào)”迷失了航向。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。當(dāng)時(shí)正是北方嚴(yán)冬時(shí)期，他們將面對(duì)的是充滿了饑餓、疾病和死亡的極其可怕的幾個(gè)月。朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人活過(guò)了那個(gè)冬天。許多婦女把她們少得可憐的口糧留給了自己的孩子，自己卻死于饑餓。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。因此，盡管缺乏狩獵、捕魚的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們也能夠獲得足夠的新鮮肉類。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在秋天，他們回顧了過(guò)去的一年，既遺憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來(lái)，人類生命的代價(jià)和和悲劇是如此巨大。另一方面，他們看到了未來(lái)的新希望。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個(gè)冬天的到來(lái)做好了準(zhǔn)備。他們有十一所用于抵御嚴(yán)冬的簡(jiǎn)陋房屋，其中的七所為家庭所有，四所作為公用。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)管下，他們?cè)谙奶炫c其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。林地和森林變安全了。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號(hào)”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒(méi)有一名殖民者。在他們定居新家的第一年年底，這些朝圣者想以一個(gè)真正的節(jié)日來(lái)慶祝，這便是他們的第一個(gè)感恩節(jié)。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you.I?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you.I want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are off--both eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary;they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”.⑤A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.①This is the way it works.②Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America.I?m reading this article to find out.” ③Or, “I?m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” ④Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.①Reading is not one single activity.②At least two important processes go on at the same time.③As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately.④But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read.⑤You have a kind of mental conversation with the author.⑥If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree.That?s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier.I?d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” ⑦You don?t just sit there taking in ideas--you do something else, and that something else is very important.①This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes.②In other words, a good reader is a critical reader.③One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions.④Facts can be checked by evidence.⑤Opinions are one?s own personal reactions.①Another part of critical reading is judging sources.②Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、詞匯

1．make no difference沒(méi)有...作用或影響

2．specific a.明確的 3．suppose v.假設(shè),以為,認(rèn)為

4．a(chǎn)t random隨便地，任意地 5．happen to(do sth)碰巧（做某事）

6．skim v.略讀 7．react to對(duì)...做出反應(yīng)

8．take in接受，理解

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.It doesn?t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.該句的主干為It doesn?t come as a surprise to you，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to realize that …，that引導(dǎo)的從句做realize的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的what you read or study。

翻譯：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語(yǔ)言平實(shí)易懂，總體可以分為三個(gè)部分。

第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。

第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購(gòu)物過(guò)程和閱讀過(guò)程做類比說(shuō)明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過(guò)程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評(píng)估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判信息來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。

四、試題具體分析

11.If you cannot remember what yo

11.如果你不能記住所閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的內(nèi)容，________。[A] 這毫不出奇

[B] 這意味著你沒(méi)有真正學(xué)到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒(méi)有選對(duì)閱讀的書籍

[D] 你意識(shí)到這無(wú)所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒(méi)有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]和[D]選項(xiàng)偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)緊要，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容”不出奇或無(wú)關(guān)緊要。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)干干擾，從文中無(wú)從推知。

12.Before you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book

12.在你開始閱讀之前，有必要________。

[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來(lái) [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說(shuō)，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過(guò)程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。

13.Reading activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences

13.閱讀行為包括________。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程

[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容

[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過(guò)程。③④句列出這兩個(gè)過(guò)程：迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩個(gè)過(guò)程的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個(gè)過(guò)程。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過(guò)程。一般而言，帶有絕對(duì)意味的限定性詞語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)（如only和merely）都不是正確項(xiàng)。

14.A good reader is one 14.一位好讀者是________。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識(shí)聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來(lái)

[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過(guò)程中進(jìn)行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 對(duì)閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實(shí)與已知事實(shí)核對(duì)

has already known 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明確指出，一位好讀者就是一位批判性的讀者。[C]選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。

[A]、[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第七、八段論述批判性閱讀，指出思考閱讀內(nèi)容的過(guò)程包括評(píng)估內(nèi)容、將所讀內(nèi)容與已知內(nèi)容進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、根據(jù)自己的目的進(jìn)行應(yīng)用；而批判性閱讀則包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判內(nèi)容來(lái)源、進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。[A]選項(xiàng)是思考過(guò)程中的一點(diǎn)；[B]選項(xiàng)僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項(xiàng)也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點(diǎn)，因此其他三項(xiàng)都不完整。

五、全文翻譯

如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。這樣不過(guò)是浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間罷了。不過(guò)，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來(lái)避免遺忘。一種幫助你記住所學(xué)內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會(huì)記得更牢靠些。當(dāng)你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時(shí)，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開了呢？這是因?yàn)槟愫退贾?，如果你不確定自己要什么，你也不大可能會(huì)有所收獲。然而，假設(shè)你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買一副太陽(yáng)鏡?！彼龝?huì)回答，“好的，請(qǐng)這邊走?！比缓竽愫退拖颉澳康牡亍弊呷ァ计惹械厝ふ夷阆胍臇|西。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程非常相似。如果你隨機(jī)選擇了一本書，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無(wú)所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書，那么你幾乎肯定會(huì)獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個(gè)好學(xué)生對(duì)于他所做的事情總有一個(gè)明確的目的或原因。

這就是奏效的方法。在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬·文森特·貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國(guó)。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通讀這篇文章，看看中世紀(jì)英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習(xí)的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。

閱讀并不是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，期間至少兩個(gè)重要過(guò)程同時(shí)發(fā)生。在閱讀時(shí)，你能夠迅速而又準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容，同時(shí)在對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容予以反應(yīng)時(shí)也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進(jìn)行一種精神對(duì)話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣。”或是“嗯……，我以為這項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期?！被蚴恰暗沁€要考慮一些其他的事實(shí)！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。

對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程包括評(píng)估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來(lái)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用。換句話說(shuō)，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)。事實(shí)可以通過(guò)證據(jù)來(lái)確認(rèn)，而觀點(diǎn)只是個(gè)人反應(yīng)。批判性閱讀的還包括評(píng)判來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.③The problem is noise.一、詞匯

1．extent n.范圍，程度

2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊

3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity n.強(qiáng)度，強(qiáng)烈

6．duration n.持續(xù) 7．frequency n.頻繁,頻率

8．hazard n.危險(xiǎn),危害 9．decibel n.分貝

10．measure n.量度 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于

12．intermittent a.間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance n.警戒

14．detect v.檢測(cè)，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear n.后面,背后

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.該句的主干是Thus stimuli will be considered noise，主語(yǔ)stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)部分有介詞短語(yǔ)at another time做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句末分詞depending on …做條件狀語(yǔ)。

翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。

2.Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.該句的主干是Sounds may produce significant hearing loss，介詞短語(yǔ)above about 85 decibels做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)名詞sounds。插入語(yǔ)部分為if條件句，做條件狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。翻譯：如果呆在超過(guò)85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失。

3.Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.該句的主干為Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)名詞frequencies后接有to which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

翻譯：實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

4.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).該句為主從復(fù)合句。主句為Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意為“對(duì)……有影響”。if引導(dǎo)條件從句，其主干為one is performing a watch keeping task，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾a watch keeping task。該定語(yǔ)從句的主干為that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞vigilance。

翻譯：在某些任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)某種弱信號(hào)（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。5.If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect.該句為主從復(fù)合句。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語(yǔ)由and連接的兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。

翻譯：如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來(lái)抵消噪音的影響。

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章主要探討噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的有害影響。文章主題明確，層次清晰，總體結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，可以分為兩個(gè)部分。第一部分為總（第一段）：提出噪音現(xiàn)象，給出噪音定義，并指出人們開始關(guān)注噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響。

第二部分為分（第二、三和四段）：論述噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的有害影響。第二段指出噪音會(huì)造成人類聽(tīng)力的部分或完全喪失。第三段指出噪音會(huì)對(duì)某些工作執(zhí)行造成意想不到的危害。第四段指出噪音會(huì)對(duì)人際交流造成不良影響。

四、試題具體分析

15.Noise differs from sound15．噪音與聲音的不同之處在于噪音是________。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干擾人們工作的聲音

[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一種特別類型的大音量的聲音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常難以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定義可以比聲音的定義更加準(zhǔn)確

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

眾所周知，噪音是聲音的一種。文章首段給出了噪音的兩種定義，一種是人們的通俗定義，噪音是人們不想聽(tīng)到的聲音；另一種是較為準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)定義，噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無(wú)關(guān)的聲音，即干擾人們工作的聲音。[A]選項(xiàng)是第二種定義的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點(diǎn)之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點(diǎn)。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)large city、define和precisely捏造無(wú)關(guān)干擾。

16.One of the harmful effects of noise on hu16.噪音對(duì)人類工作的有害影響之一是________。[A] it reduces one?s sensitivity [A] 降低人們的敏感性 [B] it renders the victim helpless [B] 使受害者感到無(wú)助 [C] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music [C] 剝奪人們享受音樂(lè)的快樂(lè) [D] it drowns out conversations at worksites [D] 淹沒(méi)人們?cè)诠ぷ鞯攸c(diǎn)的對(duì)話

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

第二、三和四段論述噪音對(duì)人類的有害影響。第三段指出噪音會(huì)干擾某些任務(wù)的執(zhí)行，該段以一項(xiàng)需要高度警惕的觀察工作（如監(jiān)測(cè)雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）為例暗示噪音會(huì)分散觀察者的注意力，即降低人們的敏感性，[A]選項(xiàng)正確。

[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)從文中無(wú)從推知。[D]選項(xiàng)利用第四段“噪音對(duì)人際交流產(chǎn)生不良影響”進(jìn)行干擾，但文中指出人們會(huì)根據(jù)噪音音量來(lái)提高自己說(shuō)話的音量，而不是對(duì)話完全被噪音淹沒(méi)。

17.The purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound

17.這篇文章的目的是________。[A] 確定噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響 [B] 警告人們?cè)胍粑廴镜奈ｋU(xiǎn) [C] 提供如何避免聽(tīng)力喪失的建議 [D] 敘述噪音與聲音之間的差異

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文章主旨題。

這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的影響。第一段為總，提出噪音現(xiàn)象以及人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響的關(guān)注。第二、三和四段為分，論述噪音對(duì)人類行為的具體影響，包括造成人類聽(tīng)力部分或完全喪失、影響工作任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、阻礙人際交流。[A]選項(xiàng)是文章內(nèi)容的總體概括，為正確項(xiàng)。

[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，[B]僅能概括文章第二段部分內(nèi)容，即噪音會(huì)造成聽(tīng)力喪失（噪音污染的危險(xiǎn)之一）；[D]僅提及第一段噪音定義的部分內(nèi)容，兩者都不能完全概括全篇內(nèi)容。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文章第二段提及噪音會(huì)造成聽(tīng)力喪失，但作者并未就此提出任何建議。

五、全文翻譯

如果你居住在一個(gè)大城市，對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題就再熟悉不過(guò)了，然而，因?yàn)殛P(guān)注它的一些有害影響，你可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它對(duì)人們行為舉止的影響程度。雖然每個(gè)人都或多或少知道噪音是什么（即人們不想聽(tīng)到的聲音），但是最好是從科學(xué)目的角度來(lái)為其更準(zhǔn)確地下定義。其中的一種定義是：噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無(wú)關(guān)的聲音。因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時(shí)候的刺激在另外一些時(shí)候就是噪音。最近幾年，人們對(duì)噪音對(duì)人類行為的影響產(chǎn)生極大興趣，諸如“噪音污染”的概念也隨之出現(xiàn)，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的還有減少噪音的種種行動(dòng)。置身于嘈雜環(huán)境無(wú)疑能造成聽(tīng)力的部分或完全喪失，這要看噪聲的強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時(shí)間和頻率構(gòu)成。目前許多工作都存在噪音危害，如工作在工廠中或噴氣機(jī)的周圍、駕駛農(nóng)場(chǎng)拖拉機(jī)、在演奏搖滾樂(lè)的音樂(lè)廳中工作（或僅僅身處其中）。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，持續(xù)呆在超過(guò)80分貝（判斷聲音大小的度量）的噪音環(huán)境中被認(rèn)為是危險(xiǎn)的。分貝的大小和各種聲音的大小一致。如果呆在超過(guò)85分貝噪音環(huán)境中的時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)，將會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的聽(tīng)力喪失。實(shí)際的聽(tīng)力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。

在某些任務(wù)的工作過(guò)程中，噪聲會(huì)造成意想不到的危害。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)某種弱信號(hào)（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。噪音對(duì)人際交流也會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響。如果你坐在噴氣式飛機(jī)的后部，首先你會(huì)注意到進(jìn)行談話是多么困難，最終，你不得不提高音量來(lái)抵消噪音的影響。噪音就是問(wèn)題的根源。

Text 3 ①The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.②It is said that it is a woman?s task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children.③Thus a woman?s whole period of childbearing may occur within five years.④Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases.⑤Thus, even if we agree that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.①It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home.②That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.③Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.④Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods are obtainable in tins.⑤Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week.⑥The new man-made fibers are more hardwiring than natural fibers and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are cheap and plentiful.①Apart from women?s own happiness, the needs of the community must be considered.②Modern society cannot do well without the contribution that women can make in professions and other kinds of work.③There is a serious shortage of nurses and teachers, to mention only two of the occupations followed by women.④It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.⑤The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful.⑥Many factories and shops, too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married.⑦While here the question of training is not so important, industry and trade would be seriously short of staff if married women did not work.一、詞匯

1．maintain v.維持,保養(yǎng)

2．compulsory a.義務(wù)的 3．cease v.停止

4．drudgery n.苦差事,苦工 5．laundry n.要洗的衣服，洗衣

6．fiber n.纖維

二、長(zhǎng)難句

1.The traditional belief that a woman?s place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions.該句主干為The traditional belief …can hardly be reasonably maintained，主語(yǔ)名詞belief后接有兩個(gè)that連接的從句做同位語(yǔ)。

翻譯：傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。2.Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes.該句主干為Washing machines take the drudgery out of laundry，“名詞the latest models +分詞being entirely automatic and able to”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。

3.It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year or two and be lost forever to her profession.該句主干為It is extremely wasteful to，it為形式主語(yǔ)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為真正的主語(yǔ)。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中又有不定式結(jié)構(gòu)only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry and be lost forever…做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

翻譯：社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)啊！

三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析

這篇文章探討女性位置的歸屬。作者從傳統(tǒng)觀念切入，從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析，指出女性除了照顧家庭之外還應(yīng)該在社會(huì)上工作，即女性不單屬于家庭，也屬于社會(huì)。

第一段開門見(jiàn)山，提出主題：女性的歸屬。傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭，天職是照顧孩子。隨后作者從職責(zé)角度分析女性歸屬不再僅限于家庭，原因在于：一是家庭規(guī)模變小，二是女性生育期限減小，三是女性教育孩子時(shí)間縮短。

第二段從家庭角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（家用電器、冷凍食品、人造纖維、成裝等）的發(fā)展大大減輕女性在家庭中的負(fù)擔(dān)與勞動(dòng)量。第三段從社會(huì)角度進(jìn)行分析：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的良好運(yùn)行需要女性的貢獻(xiàn)。以護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)以及工業(yè)和貿(mào)易中女性的重要性為例指出女性對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。

四、試題具體分析

18.The author holds that ________.18．作者認(rèn)為________。[A] the right place for all women, married or otherwise, is [A] 不論已婚與否，所有女性的正確位置都屬于the home, not elsewhere 家庭而非其他地方 [B] all married women should have some occupation outside the home [C] a married woman should give first priority to her duties as a mother [D] it is desirable for uneducated married women to stay at home and take care of the family

[B] 所有已婚女性都應(yīng)該在家庭之外有一份職

業(yè)

[C] 已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)以母親的責(zé)任為重 [D] 沒(méi)有接受教育的已婚女性應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照

顧家庭

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。

文章第一段首句指出傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而不應(yīng)外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今社會(huì)。隨后作者從女性照顧和教育孩子的職責(zé)、承擔(dān)家庭事務(wù)和參與社會(huì)工作三個(gè)角度展開分析論述，說(shuō)明女性的歸屬不再僅限于家庭，她們應(yīng)當(dāng)外出工作，為社會(huì)做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)，而社會(huì)也需要她們的貢獻(xiàn)。[B]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]、[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)反向干擾，這三者都是傳統(tǒng)觀念，而不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。

19.A house-proud woman ________.[A] would devote her whole life to her family [B] would take her own happiness and that of her family as her chief concern [C] would still need some special training at public expense to help her in her duties as a housewife [D] would take full advantage of modern household appliances

19．以家庭為重的女性________。[A] 把她的整個(gè)生活都奉獻(xiàn)給家庭 [B] 把自己與其家庭的幸福放在首位 [C] 還需要社會(huì)支付費(fèi)用來(lái)接受特殊培訓(xùn)以實(shí)

現(xiàn)其作為家庭主婦的責(zé)任 [D] 應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。

由題干關(guān)鍵詞“house-proud woman”定位到文章第二段。第二段①句指出有些人認(rèn)為以家庭為重的女性在家中總有很多事情可做。但接下來(lái)作者指出，現(xiàn)代家庭設(shè)備（洗衣機(jī)、電冰箱、罐裝的冷凍食品、簡(jiǎn)便購(gòu)物、人造纖維和成裝）的發(fā)展大大減輕了女性在家庭中的勞動(dòng)量，而女性應(yīng)該充分利用這些條件，[D]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)常識(shí)干擾，這屬于傳統(tǒng)觀念，并非文章中作者所論述的觀點(diǎn)。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)利用文中出現(xiàn)詞語(yǔ)women’s own happiness、training at public expense和help her in duties as a mother進(jìn)行干擾，[B]選項(xiàng)從文中無(wú)從推知，[C]選項(xiàng)是作者反對(duì)的觀念，作者認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)當(dāng)利用自己所接受的培訓(xùn)為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)，而非僅為實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭角色。

20.According to the author, modern society ________.[A] can operate just as well even without women participation [B] has been greatly hampered in its development by the shortage of women nurses and women teachers [C] cannot operate properly without the contribution of women [D] will be seriously affected by the continuing shortage of working women in heavy industries and international trade

20．作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)________。[A] 即使沒(méi)有女性參與其中也能很好地運(yùn)行 [B] 由于缺乏女性護(hù)士與教師而大大阻礙了

其發(fā)展

[C] 沒(méi)有女性的貢獻(xiàn)而無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行 [D] 將繼續(xù)受到重工業(yè)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易中女性工

作人員短缺的嚴(yán)重影響

【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者觀點(diǎn)題。第三段②句明確指出，如果沒(méi)有女性在各個(gè)職業(yè)領(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)將無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行，[C]選項(xiàng)正確。

[A]選項(xiàng)反向干擾。[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第三段僅是利用護(hù)士與教師兩大職業(yè)中女性的重要性說(shuō)明女性對(duì)于社會(huì)發(fā)展不可或缺。[D]選項(xiàng)過(guò)度引申，首先文中提到的是工業(yè)與貿(mào)易兩大領(lǐng)域，并未具體到重工業(yè)與國(guó)際貿(mào)易；其次最后一段末句所提出的是一種假設(shè)的現(xiàn)象，而并非事實(shí)。

五、全文翻譯

傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為女性屬于家庭而非外出工作，但這一觀念已經(jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今情況。人們認(rèn)為照顧孩子是女性的天職，但是如今的家庭規(guī)模變小，孩子之間的年齡僅相差一兩歲，這樣女性生育孩子的整個(gè)期限也不過(guò)五年。此外，由于孩子在五六歲時(shí)開始接受義務(wù)教育，女性作為其子女主要教育者的角色也隨之終止。因此，即使我們都贊同女性在孩子入學(xué)之前應(yīng)當(dāng)留在家中照顧他們，這段時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)也不過(guò)十年。

有人可以辯解說(shuō)，以家庭為重的女性在家庭中總有很多事情要做。這或許是事實(shí)，但是很顯然，女性沒(méi)必要花一輩子時(shí)間來(lái)做飯、打掃和縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)。洗衣機(jī)承擔(dān)了洗衣這一苦差事，最新型的全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)清洗并甩干大量衣物。電冰箱可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存儲(chǔ)食物，并且現(xiàn)在很多冷凍食物都是罐裝，方便獲取。購(gòu)物已經(jīng)不是每日必做的事情，你可以在一天之內(nèi)完成一周的采購(gòu)。新型的人造纖維比自然纖維更耐穿，這大大減少了縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)的需要，而成裝既價(jià)格便宜又貨源充足。除了女性本身的幸福之外，社會(huì)的需要也必須納入考慮之中。如果沒(méi)有女性在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域和其他各種工作中的貢獻(xiàn)，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)無(wú)法良好運(yùn)行。護(hù)士與教師領(lǐng)域人才短缺，而這只是兩種女性主導(dǎo)的職業(yè)。社會(huì)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間與財(cái)力培養(yǎng)合格教師或護(hù)士，而她們工作一兩年之后便結(jié)婚，從此便不再工作，這是多大的浪費(fèi)啊！確實(shí)，這種培訓(xùn)會(huì)幫助她們做一個(gè)更好的媽媽，但是如果她們繼續(xù)工作，她們的服務(wù)將為社會(huì)帶來(lái)更多的利益。很多工廠與商店的工作人員也是女性，大多數(shù)都是已婚者。盡管培訓(xùn)在這種情況下不是主要問(wèn)題，但是如果已婚女性不再工作的話，工業(yè)和貿(mào)易就會(huì)遭遇人員短缺的窘境。

Section III English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)

Seated behind the front desk at a New York firm, the receptionist was efficient.Stylishly dressed, the firm?s newest employee had a pleasant telephone voice and a natural charm that put clients at ease.The company was pleased:(21)Clearly, this was a person who took considerable pride in personal appearance.David King, the receptionist, is unusual, but by no means unique.(22)Just as all truck drivers and construction workers are no longer necessarily men, all secretaries and receptionists are no longer automatically women.The number of men in women-dominated fields is still small and they haven?t attracted the attention that has often followed women advancing into male-dominated fields, but men are moving into more and more jobs that have traditionally been held by women.Strictly speaking, the phenomenon is not new.For the past several decades, men have been quietly entering fields such as nursing, social work and elementary education.But today no job seems off-limits.Men serve coffee in offices and meals on airplanes.(23)These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions about the types of work men and women can do--but they also produce some undeniable problems for the men who are entering those fields formerly dominated by women.What kinds of men venture into these so-called “women?s fields”? All kinds.(24)“I don?t know of any definite answers I?d be comfortable with,” explains Joseph Pleck, Ph.D., of the Wellesley College Centre for Research on Women.Sam Ormont, for example, a thirty-year-old nurse at a Boston hospital, went into nursing because the army had trained him as a medical worker.(25)“I found that work very interesting.” he recalled, “and when I got out of the service it just seemed natural for me to go into something medical.I wasn?t really interested in becoming a doctor.” Thirty-five-year-old David King, an out-of-work actor, found a job as a receptionist because he was having trouble landing roles in Broadway plays and he needed to pay the rent.(26)In other words, men enter “female” jobs out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity that motivates anyone looking for work.But similarities often end there.Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.As a group, their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues, and they are frequently treated differently by the people with whom they are in professional contact.The question naturally arises: Why are there still approximately ninety-nine female secretaries for every one male? There is also a more serious issue.Most men don?t want to be receptionists, nurses, secretaries or sewing workers.Put simply, these are not generally considered very masculine jobs.(27)To choose such a line of work is to invite ridicule.“There was kidding in the beginning,” recalls Ormont.“Kids coming from school ask what I am, and when I say ?A nurse,? they laugh at me.I just smile and say, ?You know, there are female doctors, too.?”

Still, there are encouraging signs.Years ago, male grade school teachers were as rare as male nurses.Today more than one elementary school teacher in six is male.(28)Can we anticipate a day when secretaries will be an even mix of men and women — or when the mention of a male nurse will no longer raise eyebrows? It?s probably coming--but not very soon.一、試題結(jié)構(gòu)分析

本文第一至三段指出男性正在從事越來(lái)越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作，而且這些變化影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的有關(guān)男性和女性工作的傳統(tǒng)觀念。第四至六段分析指出男性從事女性工作的動(dòng)機(jī)和其他找工作的動(dòng)機(jī)一樣：出于個(gè)人的興趣或經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。第七、八段指出問(wèn)題仍然存在：從事傳統(tǒng)女性工作的男性仍然很少，而且會(huì)惹人笑話。第九段以小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士人數(shù)增加為例說(shuō)明仍然有令人鼓舞的跡象，并展望未來(lái)從事傳統(tǒng)女性職業(yè)的男性會(huì)和女性一樣多。

二、試題具體解析

21.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：定語(yǔ)從句。【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為this was a person，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾person。副詞clearly為插入語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)句子所表達(dá)的意思的態(tài)度。【詞義確定】take pride in意為“以...為豪”。considerable意為“相當(dāng)?shù)?可觀的”?！痉g】顯然，他是個(gè)對(duì)自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。22.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：方式狀語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句為主從復(fù)合句，句首為Just as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句?！驹~義確定】necessarily意為“必然，必定”。automatically意為“自動(dòng)地”。【翻譯】正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。

23.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句，定語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】 該句由but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前一分句的主干為These changes are helping to influence some of the long-standing traditions，名詞短語(yǔ)the types of work后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句(that)men and women can do。后一分句的主干為they also produce some undeniable problems for the men，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞men。【詞義確定】long-standing意為“長(zhǎng)期存在的”。undeniable意為“不可否認(rèn)的”?！痉g】這些變化正影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對(duì)于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。24.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：定語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為I don?t know of any definite answers，名詞answers后接有省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句(that)I?d be comfortable with?！驹~義確定】know of意為“知道，聽(tīng)說(shuō)”。

【翻譯】我還沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案。25.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：賓語(yǔ)從句，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句是主從復(fù)合句，賓語(yǔ)從句由直接引語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。該從句是and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句：I found that work very interesting and it just seemed natural for me to …。第二個(gè)分句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

【詞義確定】out of the service意為“退職（役）”。go into意為“從事”。

【翻譯】他回憶說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。

26.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞短語(yǔ)表原因，定語(yǔ)從句

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干為men enter “female” jobs，介詞短語(yǔ)out of the same consideration for personal interest and economic necessity …做狀語(yǔ)，表示“出于……的原因”。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞短語(yǔ)personal interest and economic necessity?！驹~義確定】necessity意為“需要，必需品，必然”。motivate意為“激發(fā)，給予動(dòng)機(jī)”。【翻譯】換句話說(shuō)，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。27.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句。

【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是不定式構(gòu)成?！驹~義確定】line of work意為“職業(yè)”。invite意為“招致（尤指壞事）”。ridicule意為“嘲笑，愚弄”。

【翻譯】選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。28.本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：并列分句。【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句的主干為Can we anticipate a day，兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞a day，具體說(shuō)明什么樣的一天?！驹~義確定】mix意為“混合”。raise eyebrows意為“揚(yáng)起眉毛；懷疑、吃驚的表情”?！痉g】我們是否能預(yù)見(jiàn)到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚？

三、全文翻譯

坐在一家紐約公司前臺(tái)后面的接待員非常有效率。

這家公司穿著入時(shí)的新職員接電話時(shí)有著悅耳的聲音和自然的魅力，這使客戶感到自在。公司非常滿意：（21）顯然，他是個(gè)對(duì)自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。接待員大衛(wèi)·金不同尋常，但絕非獨(dú)特。（22）正像卡車司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣，所有秘書和接待員再也不一定都是女的。在以女性為主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域男性的數(shù)量仍然很少，他們也沒(méi)有像進(jìn)入以男性為主的領(lǐng)域的女性那樣常常得到關(guān)注。但是男性正在從事越來(lái)越多傳統(tǒng)上由女性承擔(dān)的工作。

嚴(yán)格來(lái)講，這不是新現(xiàn)象。過(guò)去幾十年中，男性已經(jīng)悄悄地進(jìn)入護(hù)理、社會(huì)工作和基礎(chǔ)教育等領(lǐng)域。但是，如今沒(méi)有什么工作似乎是超出范圍的。男性也在辦公室準(zhǔn)備咖啡、在飛機(jī)上準(zhǔn)備食物。（23）這些變化正影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類工作的看法，但這對(duì)于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)疑也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。什么樣的男性冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入這些所謂的“女性領(lǐng)域”呢？各種各樣的男性。（24）“我還沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有任何使我感到滿意的確切答案”，威爾斯利大學(xué)女性研究中心的約瑟芬·普萊克博士解釋說(shuō)。

比如，在一家波士頓醫(yī)院工作的30歲護(hù)士薩姆·沃蒙特從事護(hù)理工作，因?yàn)檐婈?duì)曾訓(xùn)練他成為醫(yī)務(wù)工作者。（25）他回憶說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得那種工作十分有趣，當(dāng)我退役時(shí)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作，似乎是極其自然的。我對(duì)于成為醫(yī)生并不真的感興趣?！比鍤q的大衛(wèi)·金是一位失業(yè)的演員，他找了一份接待員的工作，因?yàn)樗茈y在百老匯得到合適的角色，卻需要支付房租。

（26）換句話說(shuō)，男人干起了“女人干的”工作，其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣，既出于個(gè)人的興趣，也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。但是相似性也僅此而已。承擔(dān)女性主導(dǎo)的工作的男性是很明顯的。他們這個(gè)群體的工作歷史在大部分方面與其女性同事不同。他們經(jīng)常從那些在職業(yè)上有接觸的人那里得到不同的待遇。問(wèn)題自然產(chǎn)生了：為什么仍然有99個(gè)女秘書，而只有1個(gè)男秘書？還有一個(gè)更嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。大部分男性不想成為接待員、護(hù)士、秘書或縫紉工。簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)，這些工作通常不被認(rèn)為是男性化的工作。（27）選定這一類工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。

沃蒙特回憶說(shuō)：“最初只是開玩笑。從學(xué)校來(lái)的孩子們問(wèn)我是誰(shuí)，當(dāng)我說(shuō)“是護(hù)士”，他們都嘲笑我。我只是笑著說(shuō)“知道嗎，也有女醫(yī)生”。但是仍然令人鼓舞的跡象。多年前，小學(xué)教師和男護(hù)士一樣稀有。如今，六個(gè)小學(xué)老師中至少有一個(gè)是男性。（28）我們是否能預(yù)見(jiàn)到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí)，人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚?