第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)寫作修辭手法athena

移就.下面介紹一些英語(yǔ)作文中常用的修辭手法。

1.比喻(metaphor)

比喻就是打比方?？煞譃槊饔骱桶涤鳎?/p>

明喻(simile)：

用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他詞語(yǔ)指出兩個(gè)不同事物的相似之處。例如：

O my love's like a red, red rose.我的愛(ài)人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花。

The man can't be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel.那個(gè)人不可信賴。他像鰻魚一樣狡猾。

He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起來(lái)。

Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一場(chǎng)疾逝的夢(mèng)。

暗喻(metaphor)：

用一個(gè)詞來(lái)指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點(diǎn)的另外一個(gè)事物。例如：

He has a heart of stone.他有一顆鐵石心腸。

The world is a stage.世界是一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)。

2.換喻(metonymy)

用某一事物的名稱代替另外一個(gè)與它關(guān)系密切的事物的名稱，只要一提到其中一種事物，就會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到另一種。比如用the White House 代替美國(guó)政府或者總統(tǒng)，用the bottle來(lái)代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 來(lái)代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如：

His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件不允許他享受那種奢華。

The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母親盡最大努力照看孩子。

He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年繼承了王位。

3.提喻(synecdoche)

指用部分代表整體或者用整體代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：

He earns his bread by writing.他靠寫作掙錢謀生。

The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收獲季節(jié)里農(nóng)場(chǎng)缺乏勞動(dòng)力。

Australia beat Canada at cricket.澳大利亞隊(duì)在板球比賽中擊敗了加拿大隊(duì)。

He is the Newton of this century.他是這個(gè)世紀(jì)的牛頓。

4.擬人(personification)

把事物或者概念當(dāng)作人或者具備人的品質(zhì)的寫法叫擬人。例如：

My heart was singing.我的心在歌唱。

This time fate was smiling to him.這一次命運(yùn)朝他微笑了。

The flowers nodded to her while she passed.當(dāng)她經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候花兒向她點(diǎn)頭致意。

The wind whistled through the trees.風(fēng)穿過(guò)樹(shù)叢，樹(shù)葉嘩嘩作響。

5.委婉(euphemism)

用溫和的、間接的詞語(yǔ)代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語(yǔ)，以免直接說(shuō)出不愉快的事實(shí)冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫、沮喪的局面。例如：

用to fall asleep;to cease thinking;to pass away;to go to heaven;to leave us 代替 to die

用senior citizens代替old people

用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil

用weight watcher代替 fat people

用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum

用emotionally disturbed代替mad

用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory

用 handicapped代替 crippled

用low income brackets;underprivileged;disadvantaged 代替 poor people

6.雙關(guān)(pun)

用同音異義或者一詞二義來(lái)達(dá)到詼諧幽默的效果：表面上是一個(gè)意思，而實(shí)際上卻暗含另一個(gè)意思，這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：

A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.(arms可指手臂或者武器)

一發(fā)炮彈打斷了他的腿，所以他繳械投降了。

“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以試穿一下櫥窗里的那件睡袍嗎？或者：我可以在櫥窗里試穿那件睡袍嗎？

Seven days without water make one weak(week).七天沒(méi)有水使一個(gè)人虛弱?；蛘撸浩咛鞗](méi)有水就是一周沒(méi)有水。

7.反語(yǔ)(irony)

使用與真正意義相反的詞，正話反說(shuō)或者反話正說(shuō)，從對(duì)立的角度運(yùn)用詞義來(lái)產(chǎn)生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亞的戲劇 Julius Caesar 中的一個(gè)運(yùn)用反語(yǔ)的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺殺了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 譏諷Brutus 說(shuō)：

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—

For Brutus is an honorable man;

So are they all, all honorable men—

Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.在 Antony 的話里反復(fù)使用 honorable這個(gè)詞就是一個(gè)反語(yǔ)的例子。

8.矛盾修飾(oxymoron)

把相互矛盾的兩個(gè)詞用在一起的修辭方法。它利用詞義表面的相互矛盾使表層的不和諧統(tǒng)一在思想內(nèi)容的深層，從而揭示事物對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的本質(zhì)特征，達(dá)到加深印象的目的。例如：

She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.她帶著含淚的微笑讀那封盼望已久的信。

The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教練為了對(duì)他的受訓(xùn)者仁慈就要對(duì)他們殘酷。

During his useful life he often felt he was useless.在他大有作為的一生中他老是感到自己無(wú)用。

其他還有sweet pain;thunderous silence;luxurious poverty;heavy lightness;living death;impossible hope 等等。

9.軛式搭配(zeugma)

把適用于某一事物的詞語(yǔ)順勢(shì)用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一個(gè)句子里一個(gè)詞可以修飾或者控制兩個(gè)或更多的詞，它可以使語(yǔ)言活潑，富有幽默感。例如：

She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.她對(duì)那無(wú)家可歸的男孩打開(kāi)了房門，也敞開(kāi)了胸懷。

As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly.早餐之后我離開(kāi)家的時(shí)候，我的里里外外都在顫抖。

I would my horse had the speed of your tongue.我希望我的馬能有你的舌頭的速度。

10.移位修飾(transferred epithet)

將本應(yīng)該用來(lái)修飾某一類名詞的修飾語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾另一類名詞。例如：

There was a short, thoughtful silence.出現(xiàn)了一陣短暫的、令人沉思的寂靜。

The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder.老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。

He closed his busy life at the age of sixty.在六十歲時(shí)他結(jié)束了他那忙碌的一生。

This is the cheapest market in this country.這是這個(gè)國(guó)家最便宜的市場(chǎng)了。

11.頭韻(alliteration)

兩個(gè)或者更多的詞以相同的音韻或者字母開(kāi)頭就構(gòu)成頭韻。例如：

proud as a peacock

blind as a bat

safe and sound

Long and loudly little Lily laughed.小莉莉長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地、大聲地笑著。

The windows waved violently in the wind.窗戶在風(fēng)中劇烈地?fù)u動(dòng)。

The sun sank slowly.太陽(yáng)慢慢地下沉。

12.漸進(jìn)(climax)

根據(jù)事物的邏輯關(guān)系，由小到大，由輕到重，由淺到深，由低到高，由少到多依次漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行描述或論述。這種整齊的結(jié)構(gòu)可以使人們的思想認(rèn)識(shí)一層層深化提高，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言的感染力和說(shuō)服力。例如：

I came;I saw;I conquer.我來(lái)了；我看到了；我征服。

Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.讀書使人充實(shí)；交談使人機(jī)智；寫作使人精確。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.書有可淺嘗者，有可吞咽者，更有少數(shù)須消化咀嚼者。

Lincoln recognized worth in the common people;he loved the common people;he fought for the common people;and he died for the common people.林肯認(rèn)識(shí)到平民大眾的價(jià)值；他熱愛(ài)平民大眾；他為平民大眾而斗爭(zhēng)；他為平民大眾而獻(xiàn)身。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)寫作總結(jié)

首先說(shuō)說(shuō)專四作文第一篇作文的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.第一部分引出話題，擺明立場(chǎng)。個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)一定要鮮明，不可模棱兩可，也不要中立。是

就是，不是就不是。贊成就贊成，反對(duì)就反對(duì)。

2.第二部分陳述你的觀點(diǎn)，用兩個(gè)或三個(gè)例子來(lái)支撐你的論點(diǎn)，要解釋為什么，并簡(jiǎn)要提

出解決辦法。段首要有中心句。主題和重點(diǎn)要突出。有些同學(xué)寫作時(shí)比較容易跑題，引用例子和陳述觀點(diǎn)時(shí)要注意扣題。注意One topic, one paragraph.中間陳述觀點(diǎn)的兩個(gè)方面可以分開(kāi)兩個(gè)段來(lái)寫，也可合為一段寫。建議大家在考試時(shí)分兩段，這是Aden 的批改習(xí)慣。

3.第三部分回應(yīng)你在第一部分的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)話題做一個(gè)小小的總結(jié)。回應(yīng)第一段時(shí)句子不要

單純復(fù)制第一段陳述觀點(diǎn)的句子，應(yīng)用另一種語(yǔ)言來(lái)restate your two topic sentences.國(guó)家專四寫作考試要求第一篇作文字?jǐn)?shù)為200左右，但Aden平時(shí)布置作業(yè)習(xí)慣是150字左右的，所以大家在考試時(shí)寫150字左右就可以了，若寫不出那么多東西，也要起碼120字。期末考試時(shí)間為一個(gè)小時(shí)，有足夠的時(shí)間給大家寫作文，所以請(qǐng)大家寫作文時(shí)細(xì)心點(diǎn)、耐心點(diǎn)，認(rèn)真點(diǎn)寫，想清楚了再寫，盡量避免低級(jí)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和避免表達(dá)不清?？荚嚨男问骄秃臀覀兛紝Ｋ淖魑牡男问揭粯?，給出一個(gè)話題你，然后寫作文。考試不難的，且Aden挺好人的，他也不想大家掛科，大家不用太擔(dān)心考試的難度?？荚嚂r(shí)你若提早寫完作文可以提早離開(kāi)，但不要太早，最好起碼過(guò)了40分鐘再走吧。到時(shí)考試時(shí)若你很想那么早走就自己跟Aden 說(shuō)吧。

以下我為大家總結(jié)的寫作常犯錯(cuò)誤不僅僅是為了考試的，大家以后寫英文作文時(shí)若犯了較多錯(cuò)誤可以看看。當(dāng)然，大家看了以下常犯錯(cuò)誤后也不用太緊張，在寫作時(shí)若有太多顧慮，太束縛自己又不好了，總結(jié)常犯錯(cuò)誤我只是想提醒下大家。

其次，簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)下同學(xué)在寫作中常犯的錯(cuò)誤：

一、句子：

1.… the reason why … is …

Reason 和because 在同一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)，意義重復(fù)了，應(yīng)刪掉because

2.Then …

Also…

Besides…

So…

以上四個(gè)詞英語(yǔ)中是不把它們放在句首的，而是把它們放在句中的：

…, then...…, also...…, besides...…, so...3.流水句，不經(jīng)意間將兩個(gè)相互獨(dú)立的分句直接用逗號(hào)連接，而不使用平行連詞或其他適

當(dāng)?shù)倪B接手段。

如：San Francisco is a very cosmopolitan city, there are people from many cultures and ethnic groups living there.改正這類錯(cuò)誤，最直接的最簡(jiǎn)單的改法就是增加連接詞，通常為and 或but，但有時(shí)硬硬地加and 和but會(huì)使語(yǔ)意不是很連貫。使用連接手段應(yīng)該根據(jù)語(yǔ)意、兩個(gè)分句之間的聯(lián)系等情況使用句號(hào)、分號(hào)或平行連詞（and, but等）、主從連詞（although, because等）。

4.It is …

這一句型表達(dá)的意思通常是很模糊的，因?yàn)閕t 可以指很多東西，所以在英文寫作中要盡量避免使用It is …句型，除非你寫it is …這一句前面有非常清楚的指代，讓人不用思考就知道it 指的是什么。

5.Such as … and so on…

在英文中such as 和and so on 是不可用在同一句中的，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)詞組用在同一句中的會(huì)造成語(yǔ)義重復(fù)。

6.中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)

這是一個(gè)令我們?cè)S多人糾結(jié)的問(wèn)題，我們要寫的專四作文要求不是很高，大家在表達(dá)時(shí)盡量不要弄得太復(fù)雜，簡(jiǎn)單明了就行了，許多我們中國(guó)人特有的語(yǔ)言如“提高了國(guó)際形象”等應(yīng)盡量避免。

7.句子成分不完整

如：For example, the increase in the cost of renting an apartment.Many people who get married before they are mature enough.這個(gè)句子細(xì)看一下，大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)個(gè)句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)。for example 后面引出的例子是完整的一個(gè)例子，要用完整的句子來(lái)表述。還有，for example 在作文中用一次就夠了，不宜用太多次。第一句要重新加上謂語(yǔ)，如：For example, the increase in the cost of renting an apartment has increased。Who后面的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾many people, 是一個(gè)從屬分句，在這句中把who 去掉就可以了。

8.There is/ are …

這個(gè)句型也可造成表達(dá)不清，大家應(yīng)盡量避免。還有，大家用這個(gè)句型比較經(jīng)常犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：There are many students read books in the library.這個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)了，所以為避免這種錯(cuò)誤這個(gè)句型應(yīng)盡量避免。

二、詞組

culture atmosphere(x)?cultural atmosphere

economy’s development(x)? economic development

develop economy(x)? develop the economy

do harm to environment(x)? do harm to the environment

spend something to something(x)? spend something on something/ in(doing)something protect nature(x)? protect the nature

the society(x)?society

in our life(x)?in everyday life

concern sth/sb(x)?be concerned about sth(常用)/ show concern about sth/ concern oneself with sth

not onlysth but also(x)? not only sth but also

China government/ China’s government/ the China government(x)?Chinese governmentthe standard of living has been improved(x)? the standard of living has improved

a lot apples(x)? a lot of apples / lots of apples 注意：在英語(yǔ)中a lot 通常是用于修飾程度等的副詞詞組，如 Thanks a lot.非常感謝。a lot of 和lots of 才是修飾名詞的，可數(shù)和不可數(shù)的均可。

living standard-? standard of living(better)

our society/school/library/study/imagination?society/the school/ the library/ the student’s study/ the student’s imagination

注意：our 在英語(yǔ)中是指something shared, 在英文作文中用our 范圍太籠統(tǒng)了、太廣了，應(yīng)

盡量避免在寫英文作文時(shí)用它。

除了個(gè)別習(xí)慣搭配外，為了使英文文章簡(jiǎn)單、清晰，寫作文時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免用過(guò)多介詞，如說(shuō)the development of the economy，不如說(shuō)economic development 好。

with the development of society ? as society develops(better)

表達(dá)：

景點(diǎn)：a scenic spot/ scenic spots

小結(jié)：

1． because 指直接、明了的、有根據(jù)的原因，可放在句首或句中；for 表推測(cè)的原因，不一

定成立，語(yǔ)氣最弱，常放在句中；since 指幾乎大家都知道的原因，意為“既然”，可放在句首或句中。在使用這三個(gè)詞時(shí)切勿亂用。

2． 寫作時(shí)要盡量避免用人稱代詞，因?yàn)樗鼈兲谡Z(yǔ)化，顯得考試的作文不夠正式，且在作

文中容易導(dǎo)致指代不明。

3． 不要用many 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，不要用much 修飾可數(shù)名詞

4． 盡量避免用it 指代事物，因?yàn)閕t 可以指代很多東西，雖然你知道it 是指什么，但改卷

老師和讀者并不清楚，他們要看it 前面的甚至全文的內(nèi)容才可能知道it 指代什么，所以要避免。

5． 盡量不要把介詞或介詞詞組放在句首。

6． 盡量避免用our。

7． 關(guān)于作文中用得太多讓人看了無(wú)聊的詞組(請(qǐng)見(jiàn)PDF文件Transition Phrases（過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)）)： at the same time?meanwhile/ simultaneously/followed by

nowadays?recently/presently/ currently(better)

first, second, third?first, next,finally

right away?immediately

in conclusion?therefore/ thus/consequently/in summary/in brief

in addition?furthermore/ moreover/additionally

however?whereas/nevertheless

在此給大家一個(gè)網(wǎng)址看看中國(guó)學(xué)生寫英文作文方面存在的問(wèn)題。

我們專四那本書的108頁(yè)至123頁(yè)有不少例文，并且例文里有評(píng)價(jià)和指出我們中國(guó)學(xué)生寫英文作文常犯的一些錯(cuò)誤，建議大家看看，充分利用下我們手上有的資源。附： 7篇專四寫作例文

1.It Pays to be Honest

As the society is becoming more commercialized, it seems that profit and interest are the vital important factors of life.In order to get success, some people cheat others.However, it pays to be honest if you want to get a good relationship with other and win a permanent reputation.First and foremost, honesty is a virtue that can help you acquire good interpersonal

relationships.Since people live in a large community, when dealing with people, you have to be honest.It will leave people a bad impression if you cheat them.Gradually, you will be isolated.On the contrary, if you communicate with them honestly, people will be willing to strengthen relations with you.Therefore, you will gain good interpersonal relationships.Furthermore, dishonesty can’t be everlasting.Even though you enjoy an honored reputation through cheating, the trust will come out sooner or later.“You can cheat once, but you can’t cheat for a whole life,” as the Chinese proverb goes.In the long run, it’s worthwhile to be honest.Honesty is still important in modern life, because it entitles you to not only good

interpersonal relationships but also an everlasting reputation.What people need to do is treasure it and apply it to daily life.2．It Pays to be Honest(Jeffson)

Honesty, which is regarded as a virtue, can bring people or nations much praise;while

dishonesty, as sin, can bring people or nations much trouble.Therefore, it pays to be honest.More often than not, honest people or nations are well treated by their counterparts, while dishonest ones are usually looked down upon;the results for them are poles apart.Honest people win good reputations, for what they say counts, and people can turn to them for help.In order to show gratitude and respect, people are glad to make friends with them and treat them as well as possible.So is the case with nations.Nations who always keep to what they say will win credit.Therefore, other nations are willing to trade or cooperate with them, which may help these nations flourish.By contrast, dishonest people or nations are often met with distrust.For example, a nation notorious for pirating products will not share other nation’s markets, and its economy will be severely affected.To summarize, honesty can bring fame to people or flourish countries;while dishonesty can ruin them.So to be honest is not merely an expression of good virtue but also a clever choice.3.It Pays to be Honest(Lillian)

With the development of the society, more and more people have become dishonest.The consequences can be in everything from personal relationships to the death rate.Therefore, honesty is a basic characteristic that human beings must have and it is very important to the world.For one thing, being honest will produce better relationships directly.There will be fewer misunderstandings among people.For instance, if a couple is honest with each other all the time, they will have a good relationship in their family.If they are dishonest, everything will be the opposite.For another thing, honesty will reduce the death rate.An honest doctor can save a lot of people, but a dishonest doctor can kill a great number of people with his/her dishonest words because some wrong medicines may cause patients to lose their lives.To sum up, the world needs honest people, so all of us should be honest.Better

relationships, less misunderstandings, and reducing the death rate depend on honest hearts.Therefore, honesty and dishonesty are closely related to our lives, societies, and even the whole world.4.It Pays to be Honest(Helen)

In recent years, people have become more individualistic.Some people have even become more selfish.They have forgotten the value that has long served as a foundation of Chinese character: honesty.The traditional value of honesty can enhance relationships because it is a foundational aspect of our character.First of all, honesty is one of the wonderful traditions in China.Because it has influenced many generations, we should keep honesty firmly in our minds.Moreover, honesty is a good way to enhance the relationships among people.If you treat your friends or relatives honestly, they will treat you honestly in return.In other words, people will get on well with each other with the help of honesty.Finally, honesty is one of the elementary aspects of our whole character.Because of honesty, we can trust others, and also others can trust us.It provides a chance for people to communicate with each other equally and fairly.To summarize, honesty is one of the wonderful traditions in China;it can enhance people’s relationships, and it is one of the elementary aspects of our character.We should treat everyone honestly in our daily lives.5.Reduce Waste on Campus(Rachel)

If every student on campus wastes a gram of rice and throws away a piece of paper every day, the total waste would be beyond people’s imagination.Even small resources, when used well, can help meet needs and aid development.Students can reduce waste on campus by saving food and paper.In order to avoid wasting food, students and cafeteria workers must make an effort to ensure the balance of supply and demand for food.Students can buy a certain amount of food everyday which is just enough for their needs.Cafeteria workers can provide students with different amounts of food to cater for different needs.Making the most of a piece of writing paper is another way to reduce waste on campus.Students often throw away pieces of paper, that are just partly used.Once students become aware that wasting paper is an ill habit especially while doing calculations, they can write smaller and make full use of margins.Also, both sides of paper can be used.College students should try their utmost to reduce waste on campus by saving food and paper.Students should take these little responsibilities seriously, because for a country to develop, the problem of waste should never be ignored.6.Reduce Waste on Campus(Leroy)

Reducing waste on campus is necessary and important because waste makes the campus dirty and unattractive.Increasing the cleaners’ dutifulness and the students’ responsibility are the two most effective ways to reduce waste.To begin with, the cleaners on campus should do their work dutifully.Each campus has many cleaners whose work is to clean the campus everyday.If they do it heart and soul, there will be less waste on campus.However, there are many cleaners who are not dutiful enough, which results in a dirty school.Therefore, the cleaners’ dutifulness is very important.In addition, students on campus are responsible for cleaning their school.Many students have bad behavior, such as throwing out waste everywhere.If they pay more attention to their bad behavior, the school will become cleaner.However, if they do not care about their bad behavior, then it is not hard to imagine what the school will be like.In conclusion, both cleaners and students play an important role in reducing waste on campus.Every cleaner and every student should realize their importance and set a good example to others, so that the campus will become more beautiful and attractive.7.Reduce Waste on Campus(Daniel)

Due to the improvement of the living standard, wasting water and food have become habitual among many students on campus.It is even worse that some of them consider wasting acceptable.Wasting water is common on campus.First, without the help of their parents, lots of

students have to do washing by themselves.Therefore, many of them use a large amount of water only to wash a pair of socks.They are not aware of the importance of water.Second, there are always some careless people, who forget to turn off the tap and leave the water running.In addition, it is quite normal to see that students throw away their food when too much is left.For example, they spend plenty of money on drinks for a party, but when they are no longer thirsty, they leave them without hesitation.Everyone is used to it.Wasting water and food seem quite little but actually they are to some extent huge problems.They indicate that students are not thrifty and not responsible.Therefore, if students really learn to consider wasting as a bad habit and take action to reduce it from now on, then campus is not only a place for study, but also a place to develop healthy habits that will improve society.

第三篇：英語(yǔ)寫作的幾種修辭手法（本站推薦）

英語(yǔ)寫作的幾種修辭手法

許多考生反映自己的英語(yǔ)寫作要么十分“中文式”，全無(wú)英語(yǔ)的味道，要么就是作文干巴巴的顯得沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)文采。其實(shí)英文寫作和漢語(yǔ)寫作在修辭方面還是存在許多共同之處的。要使自己的英語(yǔ)作文顯得有文采，考生就要在英語(yǔ)寫作中嘗試采用有效的修辭手法，下面就介紹幾種修辭方法：

一、比喻(the figures of speech)

比喻是語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)的升華。

英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的比喻方法有三種：明喻、隱喻和借喻。

1.明喻(the simile)

格式：本體 + 顯著比喻詞(like/as/as if)+ 喻體

常用介詞like、連詞as，as if，asso、動(dòng)詞seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示“好像”意思的比喻說(shuō)法就叫明喻。例如：

(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant.老師，您像太陽(yáng)，又比太陽(yáng)更燦爛更輝煌。

(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees!All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心靈像雪一樣純凈，您的人格像青松一般高潔！贊美您，敬愛(ài)的老師。

英語(yǔ)中除上述的用介詞、連詞或句型等的明喻表達(dá)方式外，還有許多常用的明喻習(xí)語(yǔ)。例如：

(1)as clear as crystal 清如水晶

(2)as weak as water 軟弱無(wú)力

這類利用類似漢語(yǔ)的押韻和疊聲增加語(yǔ)言的美感。與此同時(shí)，又可以使語(yǔ)言短小精悍，表達(dá)生動(dòng)、形象。

2.隱喻(the metaphor)

格式：本體 + is/are + 喻體

例如：

(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water.Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.時(shí)間是河、記憶如水，朋友，我從河里捧起來(lái)的都是對(duì)你的思念。

(2)Time is money.時(shí)間就是金錢。

注意：英語(yǔ)中存在著許多數(shù)詞習(xí)語(yǔ)和俚語(yǔ)，用作隱喻（也有個(gè)別用作明喻）。例如 ：

(1)You are one in a million.你真是人見(jiàn)人愛(ài)。

(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

(3)This film star is a nine days wonder;I doubt whether anyone will remember in a years’ time.這位電影明星現(xiàn)在紅極一時(shí)（也指曇花一現(xiàn)），但我認(rèn)為一年以后人們不見(jiàn)得還記得她。注意：英語(yǔ)中還有許多隱喻成語(yǔ)。例如：

(1)to teach fish to swim 班門弄斧

(2)to plough the sand 白費(fèi)力氣

(3)up the tree騎虎難下；lame duck強(qiáng)弩之末；above board光明正大

3.借喻(the metonymy)

格式：直接用比喻事物代替本體事物

例如：

(1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美國(guó)的公共汽車司機(jī)正在罷工（這里buses喻指司機(jī)drivers)。

(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人勝于武士（以pen，sword喻指使用這物的人）。

英語(yǔ)中一些鳥獸魚蟲的名字，除本義外，?？赊D(zhuǎn)借喻人，形象生動(dòng)，意味雋永。例如：

(1)She is a social butterfly.她是一個(gè)交際花（以蟲喻人）。

二、借代(the synecdoche)

借用一個(gè)名稱來(lái)代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代，部分和全體互代，單數(shù)代復(fù)數(shù)，描象代替具體或具體代替抽象等等。例如：

(1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美國(guó)人不會(huì)幫助我們。（用Uncle Sam代替船美國(guó)人本身）

(2)You can depend on him for help whenever you’re in tourble.Hesa true blue.你遇到麻煩時(shí)盡管去找他幫忙，他是一個(gè)靠得住的忠實(shí)朋友。（用trueblue代替真金烈火，忠誠(chéng)可靠的）使用借代修辭方式要選用最突出最明顯的事物特征來(lái)代替事物名稱。借代運(yùn)用得好，能使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔明快、具體、形象，以避免重復(fù)、累贅，并給人以新鮮感。

三、夸張(the exaggeration)

把事物的特征，有意地加以夸大或縮小，就叫夸張。

例如：

(1)Thank you a thousand.千恩萬(wàn)謝。

英語(yǔ)中夸張修辭格，應(yīng)用極為頻繁?？鋸埖墓δ苁峭怀鍪挛锏谋举|(zhì)特征，因而給人強(qiáng)烈印象或警悟、啟發(fā)。

四、擬人(the personifjcation)

就是把無(wú)生命的事物人格化。

例如：

(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.Theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.書籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娛樂(lè)。孤寂時(shí)，書籍給我們力量，使我們擺脫精神負(fù)擔(dān)。

（2）Love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.愛(ài)是開(kāi)啟幸福之門的萬(wàn)能鑰匙。

擬人用法在英語(yǔ)寫作中運(yùn)用得好，不僅使語(yǔ)言表達(dá)得生動(dòng)、有力，而且給人以親切、實(shí)在、耳目一新的感受。

五、排比

把結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、語(yǔ)氣一致、意思密切相關(guān)聯(lián)的句子或句子成分排列起來(lái)，使句式得到增強(qiáng)，感情得到加深，這種修辭叫排比。

例如：

(1)You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你潔白如雪，潤(rùn)澤如脂，你光輝如燭，堅(jiān)貞如磐，你是令人傾心的美玉。

(2)You are in my mind and in my heart.You are in the very airIbreathe.You are part ofme.Forever.你占據(jù)了我整個(gè)思緒和心靈；你在我呼吸的空氣里；你永遠(yuǎn)是我的一部分。

此外，在英語(yǔ)的具體寫作過(guò)程當(dāng)中，我們可以運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)氖闱槭址▉?lái)進(jìn)行寫作，達(dá)到以情動(dòng)人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四級(jí)考試作文為例，進(jìn)行寫作。

提綱要求：

In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day

向老師致以節(jié)日祝賀

從一件難忘的事回憶老師的教誨和無(wú)私的奉獻(xiàn)

我如何回報(bào)老師的關(guān)愛(ài)

范文：Dear Miss Zhang,I’m not the best student of yours, butyou’rethe most respected teacher of mine.On this special occasionforyou, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration

andearnestblessings.May you be happy;may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.I still remred clearly thattheday I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to passtheexamination.I didn’t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way.Teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night.Your warm words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well.And I still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart.The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.In my view, all Iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat I dream of.Furthermore, I must not relax my effortsto be thebest I can be and do the best I can do.Bestwishes,Andy.（編輯：趙露）

第四篇：英語(yǔ)專業(yè)大學(xué)職業(yè)規(guī)劃

我的職業(yè)規(guī)劃

——路的盡頭鮮花盛開(kāi)

褪去了大一的青澀，大二的浮華，大三的我逐漸變得成熟穩(wěn)重。昨日那個(gè)懵懂的我依然清晰可見(jiàn)：總覺(jué)得大學(xué)便是一種純粹的享受，總是盡情地去做自己喜歡的事，總認(rèn)為自己還是個(gè)在父母的保護(hù)之下的孩子。今日的我則更多的是投身于現(xiàn)實(shí)，明白了社會(huì)的無(wú)情，懂得了奮斗的必要性。

作為一個(gè)即將步入社會(huì)的大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，有一個(gè)明確的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃是必須的。給自己制定了目標(biāo)，就有了啟航的方向。

我先給自己有了一個(gè)大體的評(píng)估。首先，從自身情況來(lái)說(shuō)，我不會(huì)選擇考研。直接找工作，當(dāng)然面臨著更大的挑戰(zhàn)。從自己未來(lái)的職業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，我喜歡做有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，不喜歡受過(guò)多的壓制。其次，通過(guò)客觀分析自己的專業(yè)水平、綜合素質(zhì)和能力，我給自己的定位就是當(dāng)一個(gè)管理者。勞心者制人，勞力者制于人。當(dāng)然，我的目標(biāo)是做勞心者。作為一個(gè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的學(xué)子來(lái)說(shuō)，我希望能讓我的所學(xué)能在以后的工作生活中起到一定的作用，所以我希望自己可以進(jìn)一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的外企。這是我自己的奮斗目標(biāo)，并不是泛泛而談。接下來(lái)我想談一下，作為一個(gè)有理想的大學(xué)生的無(wú)限可能。

首先，必須仔細(xì)的分析一下我們所處的現(xiàn)狀。我國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生急劇增長(zhǎng)，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力瞬間擴(kuò)大，人才市場(chǎng)幾近膨脹，但是始終還是有許多好的崗位招不到優(yōu)秀的合適的人才。究其原因，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，大學(xué)生一抓一大把，但是真正優(yōu)秀的適應(yīng)社會(huì)需求的比例并不高，因?yàn)?，在大學(xué)里不乏只追求享受荒度時(shí)光的人。所以，要想在社會(huì)上好好的立足，最重要的是使自己的能力全方面的得以提升，以符合這個(gè)多元化的社會(huì)的需求。當(dāng)今社會(huì)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，歸根到底就是人才的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，是千里馬的，終究會(huì)找到伯樂(lè)，重要的是，如何去成為這樣一匹千里馬。所以，得先給自己一個(gè)合適的規(guī)劃，然后有目標(biāo)的去努力。

其次，從自身的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)專業(yè)雖然過(guò)于普及過(guò)于熱門，但是無(wú)論什么專業(yè)，只要自己能夠?qū)W好，然后結(jié)合自身其他方面的能力，那么，就一定能夠有力地抵擋住來(lái)自各方面的壓力。

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，制定一個(gè)為之奮斗的目標(biāo)并不難，重要的是把握好向它奮斗的過(guò)程。我也一直都在摸索中前進(jìn)。我嘗試著考了教師資格證，給自己多準(zhǔn)備一條路總是好的。在接下來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)中，我會(huì)更努力的去學(xué)習(xí)，爭(zhēng)取多考一些將來(lái)比較有用的證書。然后多注重自己各方面的能力，努力的培養(yǎng)良好的思想道德修素養(yǎng)（誠(chéng)信、奉獻(xiàn)、較強(qiáng)的責(zé)任感），具有一定的文化素質(zhì)（專業(yè)知識(shí)、公文寫作能力、相對(duì)寬泛的知識(shí)面）以及相應(yīng)的能力（公文寫作能力、口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作能力、應(yīng)變能力、創(chuàng)新能力、心理調(diào)適能力）。在當(dāng)今的社會(huì)，個(gè)人能力才是最好的通行證！

不知不覺(jué)中，現(xiàn)已身處大三，馬上就要步入社會(huì)，所以必須武裝好自己以適應(yīng)社會(huì)的需求。當(dāng)初之所以選擇英語(yǔ)作為自己的專業(yè)，完全是出于對(duì)英語(yǔ)的熱愛(ài)，但既然選擇了，就得好好的堅(jiān)持下去，當(dāng)

然也是很希望自己的所學(xué)能夠在將來(lái)的職業(yè)中派上用場(chǎng)。所以我當(dāng)下最迫切的就是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，真正的達(dá)到專業(yè)的水準(zhǔn)。毋庸置疑的是大三有許多事等著我去完成。在學(xué)好專業(yè)的同時(shí)，要不斷提高求職技能、搜集公司信息針對(duì)性的對(duì)自己進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練，盡可能自己在做出較為充分準(zhǔn)備的情況下進(jìn)行施展演練。其次就是了解就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心提供的用人公司資料信息，了解各行業(yè)人才要求、求職案例、招聘信息等內(nèi)容，積極接受各種擇業(yè)技巧培訓(xùn)、多參加招聘活動(dòng)，在實(shí)踐中讓自己準(zhǔn)備得更充分。

大學(xué)的路，就要走向終結(jié)，但我相信，路的盡頭會(huì)有鮮花盛開(kāi)！

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)自薦信

尊敬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：

您好!

感謝您在百忙之中閱讀我的自薦信。

我叫xxx，是xx大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)的好范文，大學(xué)期間，我堅(jiān)持刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，通過(guò)四年的積累，擁有了作為一名跨世紀(jì)師范大學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握的理論基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和專業(yè)知識(shí)。在擔(dān)任班級(jí)干部期間，注重鍛煉自己的組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)合作的能力，積極熱情地開(kāi)展工作，在同學(xué)中享有一定的威望。

同時(shí)，我也利用課余時(shí)間加強(qiáng)對(duì)自己實(shí)踐能力的培養(yǎng)，積極參加各種社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，全方位充實(shí)自己。四年中，我一直在英語(yǔ)學(xué)會(huì)工作，通過(guò)和他們的語(yǔ)言交流，拓寬了自己的文化視野，提高了自己的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力。我在XX中實(shí)習(xí)期間，落落大方的教態(tài)，明晰清楚的講解，認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度獲得了指導(dǎo)老師和學(xué)生們的一致好評(píng)。

大學(xué)之道，止于至善。懇切盼望您詳考、慎慮，使我與貴校共同發(fā)展，求至善、創(chuàng)輝煌!

此致

敬禮