第一篇：[小道消息] 玄外2012小升初考試英語百科總結(jié)

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[小道消息] 玄外2012小升初考試英語百科總結(jié)

1.Pablo Picasso is born in Malaga on October 25, 1881 the son of the painter and drawing teacher José Ruiz Blasco.He attends the Art Academy La Lonja in Barcelona in 1895, where his father also teaches.Picasso studies at the Madrid Academy in 1897.He travels to Paris in 1900, where he has his first one-man show with Ambroise Vollard.Picasso's early work begins with the melancholic pictures of the “Blue Period”.The cheerful “Rose Period” follows from 1905 to 1907, a period in which his circus paintings were made.The painting “Les Demoiselles d'Avignon” marks the beginning of Cubism in 1907, which Pablo Picasso develops together with Georges Braque and that can be separated into two categories, the “analytical Cubism” and the “synthetic Cubism”.2.Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens.John Dickens was a clerk in the Naval Pay Office.He had a poor head for finances, and in 1824 found himself imprisoned for debt.His wife and children, with the exception of Charles, who was put to work at Warren's Blacking Factory, joined him in the Marshalsea Prison.When the family finances were put at least partly to rights and his father was released, the twelve-year-old Dickens, already scarred psychologically by the experience, was further wounded by his mother's insistence that he continue to work at the factory.His father, however, rescued him from that fate, and between 1824 and 1827 Dickens was a day pupil at a school in London.At fifteen, he found employment as an office boy at an attorney's, while he studied shorthand at night.His brief stint at the Blacking Factory haunted him all of his life — he spoke of it only to his wife and to his closest friend, John Forster — but the dark secret became a source both of creative energy and of the preoccupation with the themes of alienation and betrayal which would emerge, most notably, in David Copperfield and in Great Expectations.3.Ludwig van Beethoven was born in a small town of 'Bonn' in Germany on December 16, 1770 in a family of professional musicians.His father Johann and grandfather Ludwig were musicians and they had decided to train him in music right from his childhood, so his father took on the job to teach him the basic lessons of music.Ludwig learned violin and some other instruments from his father.His father wanted Ludwig to be perfect in music, and in that endeavor, he thrashed little Ludwig whenever he made any mistake during practice.According to one story, because of the punishments given by his father, Ludwig suffered from hearing problems in future, which ruined his life.Besides the fact that his father and grandfather had a wish that little Ludwig should become a great musician, he himself had great interest in music.Whatever treatment Ludwig received from his father, he never let his love and interest fade in music.4.Liu Xiang beat Dayron Robles in a resumption of their hurdling rivalry before the London Olympics, and Lerone Clarke upstaged Jamaican rival Asafa Powell in the 60-meter sprint at the Birmingham Grand Prix on Saturday.Liu ran a flawless 60-meter hurdles final in 7.41 seconds, with the Chinese star almost a tenth of a second ahead of world record-holder Robles in their first meeting since at last year's world championships.“I am especially happy to get a national as well as Asian record,” Liu said.“I still feel though that over the first two hurdles I didn't do very well and that there is work to be done there.I am excited about the rest of the year now.”

In South Korea in August, Robles finished first over 110 meters but was disqualified for impeding Liu, who ended up winning a silver medal after being on course for gold.Now they are gearing up for the Olympic showdown that was denied in 2008 when Liu limped off the starting line in Beijing and Robles took his Olympic title.5.Chen Ning Yang is a Chinese-American physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics.He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel prize in physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction.Yang became a United States citizen in 1964.

第二篇：小升初英語主要知識點總結(jié)

小升初英語主要知識點總結(jié)，建議收藏

一、小學(xué)英語形容詞性物主代詞

1、形容詞性物主代詞8個： My your his her its our your their 我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的

2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點：

1)譯成漢語都有“的” eg:my 我的 their 他們的 2)后面加名詞：eg:my backpack his name 3)前后不用冠詞 a an the This is a my eraser(錯誤)That is your a pen(錯誤)It's his the pen(錯誤)

3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he(物主代詞)her we(物主代詞)our 注：在變物主代詞時，把原題所給的詞加上的，再譯成單詞就可以了。

二、小學(xué)英語名詞性物主代詞

1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個： Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的

2、名詞性物主代詞的特點： 1)譯成漢語都有“的” 2)后面不加名詞

3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞 Eg:

1、the pen is mine 鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)

三、小學(xué)英語單數(shù)的句子變成復(fù)數(shù)的句子

把單數(shù)的句子成復(fù)數(shù)的句子很簡單：變法是把能變成復(fù)數(shù)的詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點通常不變。

Eg:把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù) 1, I have a car----we have cars 2, He is an American boy.----They are American boys 3, It is a car----They are cars 4,This is an eraser----These are erasers 5,That is a backpsck-----Those are backpacks 6,I'm an English teather------We are English teathers 7,It's a new shirt----They are new shirts 8,He's a boy----They are boys 9,She's a singer------They are singers 10,What'sthis in English?----What are these in English?

四、小學(xué)英語名詞的數(shù)語法 名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式

1、名詞的單數(shù)：表示一個人或一個事物

2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：表示一個人以上的人或事物 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下：

1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S，s 在清輔音后讀【S】

2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】

3、以f ,fe為結(jié)尾的詞去掉f或fe加ves，ves讀作【vz】

4、以輔音加y 結(jié)尾的詞，變y為ies

5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s

6、不規(guī)則變化

Man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen Policewoman-policewomen這種情況下a變成e

1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形

Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep-sheep deer-deer

2、This 這個these這些(復(fù)數(shù))that那個 those那些(復(fù)數(shù))I我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù))he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù))am，is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))

五、小學(xué)英語人稱代詞主格及賓格 人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。Eg:I(主格)“我”--me(賓格)“我” 主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。Eg :I have a new car.(I 主格)Excuse me(me 賓格)I ask him to go(him 賓格)They sit in front of me(me 賓格)主格(8個)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們 賓格(8個)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

六、小學(xué)英語名詞所有格語法

1、變法：在人名后面加's 記住：'s要譯成“的” eg:Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucy's

2、如果是2個或2個以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個人名加's Eg:Lily and Lucy(名詞所有格)Lily and Lucy'S Lily Lucy and Julia(名詞所有格)Lily Lucy and Julia's

3、以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加'，eg:students'

七、小學(xué)英語就劃線部分提問練習(xí)題 就劃線部分提問的變法：

1、先根據(jù)劃線部分找到特殊疑問詞。

2、再把沒劃線的部分變成一般疑問句的語序。

3、特殊疑問詞通常有：what/ where/ who /whosc/ how/how old/ what colour/ whatclass /what grade/what row/what school

八、小學(xué)英語一般疑問句

1、一般疑問句最基本的變法：be 提前用問號讀升調(diào)

2、my變成your our變成your I am / We are 變Are you I can 變Can you

3、注意人名不論放在什么位置都要大寫 Tom is a student。Is Tom a student?

4、一般疑問句翻譯成漢語都有“嗎”? 1)This is my English teather.Is this your English teather? 2)It is our school.Is it your school? 3)We are students.Are you students? 4)I can sing.Can you sing?

九、小學(xué)英語動詞的用法

1、到目前為止，我們學(xué)過的be動詞包括三個詞 am ,is, are 這三個詞的漢語意思相同，都是“是”的意思，但怎么運用 好這三個詞呢?請記住下列口決：

2、我是 am（eg:I am a pupil.）你是 are（eg:You are a girl.）

Is 用在他、她、它（eg:He is a Chinese boy,She is an English teather,It is a cat.見到復(fù)數(shù)就用are.）

3、記?。篴m ,is 的復(fù)數(shù)是are.;these 這些;those 那些(這兩個詞都表示復(fù)數(shù))

十、英語簡縮形式的變法語法

1、簡縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a打成'。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時，一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

4、記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)

5、記?。簍hisis 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯誤)

第三篇：小升初英語作文總結(jié)2011

小升初英語作文范文

1、我的書包My Backpack

I have a backpack.It is large and it is blue.It is a birthday gift from my parents.I love it very much.It is very “hard-working”, because I keep all my school things in it.It is very heavy.It is with all the time during school days.It is a good friend of mine.2、我的鉛筆盒My Pencil-box

I have a good friend.Her name is Pencil-box.She is a very beautiful girl.Look!There is a picture on her face.It’s a picture of flowers.Her coat is blue and yellow.There are some pencils, a pen, a ruler, a rubber and a tape in her stomach.From Monday to Friday, I go to school with her.When I want to copy or write the new words, I open her mouth and take out the pencil from her stomach.She helps me a lot.11、生日（Birthday）

My birthday is on Sunday.My parents are going to have a birthday party at home.I invite my friends to come to the party.At the party.They give me many small presents.Such as cards, picture books, pens.They sing Happy Birthday to me.My mother makes a big cake for me.I cut the cake into small pieces and give them out.we sing and dance.We have a good time at the party.12、我的理想。我想成為校長(I want to be a headmaster)

I want to be a headmaster when I grow up.I think that’s a good job.My school is in the forest.It’s very beautiful.I go to work by Benz at eight o’clock in the morning.The teachers in my school are kind and patient.They are all hardworking so they get good salary.The children And I like her very much.3、我的房子My House

I have a house.It is big and new.There are eight rooms in it.They are a living-room, a kitchen, three bedroom, one study and two bathrooms.I watch TV in the living-room.I do my homework in the study.I have dinner in the kitchen.This is my house.I like it.4、我的臥室I love my bedroom

I have a bedroom.It is not big, but it is nice.There is a bed in my bedroom.A yellow dog is on the bed.Every night I sleep with it.Next to the bed, there is a desk.A bear lamp is on the desk.I like the bear lamp.It’s cute.I like to do homework under the lamp every evening.I have a new computer in my bedroom.It is my best friend.Because I study at it, play at it.There are also several beautiful pictures on the wall.I like my bedroom.Do you like it?

5、我的新學(xué)校

I have moved to my new school since Septmber.It is a modern and nice school which is in Beijing.It has a playground, a library, several labs, classrooms with electronic equipment and so on.It's quite different from my old school.It's larger, much more modern.This is why I love my new school.If you are free, you are warmly welcomed to come to our school to have a look.6、開學(xué)見聞

It's the first day of school once again.Stepping into the gate of the school always reminds me of the responsibility I carry as a student.Being a student is not just about attending classes and showing up during examinations.I’m here to be empowered.To gain knowledge is all about empowerment.And wish that someday, I could use that knowledge to make a significant contribution to the society.7、今年暑假(This vacations/)

In this vacations I am going to go to travel in some famous places and I am going to go to visit my grandparents in the village.I am going to learn something different.like example: I know people work in the village it is so hard and so tired, they are grow the vegetable, rice and something else it is very difficult.8、小學(xué)的最后一個暑假(the last summer in my elementary school)The last summer in my elementary school is very unforgettable.I remember I will go to another school and have to leave my friends and teachers, I feel sad , but I learned to get together with them to remember the friendship between us, we have a good time and swear to study hard in order to have a bright future.9、今天的經(jīng)歷(Today’s experience)

It was a fine day today and the sun was bright.I visited Beijing Zoo with my classmate, Zhang Hong.The animals there were so interesting that all the people loved them.When I saw a visitor throwing food to the monkeys, I ran to him and said ,” Animals are our good friends and we must take good care of them.”

10、有趣的一天A Wonderful Day

Last November 24 was my birthday.I had a party at my home.My friends came to my home in the afternoon and I got a lot of presents from them.At the party, we ate a big cake, sang songs, watched TV and listened to music.We were very happy.But all good things must come to an end.We said goodbye at about ten o'clock.We had a very good time on November 24.in my school have three classes in the morning.In the afternoon, they play and pick up mushrooms or strawberries in the forest.They have no homework.They are very happy!At four o’clock in the afternoon, I go home with kinds of mushrooms and fruits in my Benz.They are for my dinner.動物

13、我的狗（My Dog）

I have a dog.My dog name is DuDu.DuDu is 9 years.DuDu is fat.It wears a white coat.DuDu has two big eyes and two small ears.It has one short mouth.My dog is smart.I like my dog.Do you like it?

14、貓(A cat)Who am I?

Hello!My name is Feifei.My mother is very beautiful.My father is very handsome.So I’m very lovely.Look!My coat is white.My eyes are blue.I have a long tail.Fish is my favorite food.I like mice too.Guess!Who am I?

15、我喜歡的動物（Animals）

I like animals very much.I have a dog, It’s my favourite animal.It’s white, It looks like a snow ball.It has two big eyes and ears.But its nose and mouth are very small.It’s very naughty.It often stares at my food when I have a meal.When I’m home it follows me all the time.When I do my homework, it often sits beside quietly, but sometimes runs around me and shouts: Woof!Wood!.I like my dog very much.16、動物自我介紹：兔子Do you like me?

Hello!Everyone.I’m a little rabbit.My name is Hanhan.Look!I’m very lovely.My eyes are red.My ears are long.My hair is white.My tail is short.I like carrots very much.I have a good friend.She’s my little master.Her name is Zhou Xun.We always play games together.I like her very much and she likes me, too.人物

17、自我介紹

Hi!I am a happy and quiet girl.I am from China.I am twelve years old.I am a pupil.I am in Class Three Grade Four.I have many good friends.I like many pets: the peacock, panda, rabbit and bird.They are lovely.I am tall.I have around face, there are big eyes, small mouth, small nose on my face.I have a black long hair.I like eating apples, bananas, chicken and...I like music, singing, running, pinting...I often say: Book is my good friend.I like it!Who am I? Yes, my name is Lv Enhui.Do you like me?

18、我的好朋友（My Good Friend）

Zhang Ying is my good friend.She’s in Class1, Grade4 of Tianjiao Primary School.She’s a model student.She’s clever and she’s helpful, too.She often helps teachers and young students at school.She is good at Chinese, maths, English, arts , music and so on.She has a lot of hobbies.She likes painting and drawing.And she likes listening to music, having picnics with her parents.But she doesn’t like playing basketball, football, table tennis or volleyball.Zhang Ying is the best friend of mine.I like playing with her.We always work together and help each other.19、我的父母 My Parents

My parents work in a shoe factory.They get up at five thirty.They first get breakfast ready.Then they go to work by bus.They work there from eight to five.They come home at about six and prepare super for us.Mother washes clothes in the evening, Father often makes toys for toys for us.They are busy all day.（我的父母）

My mother is 38 years old, but she never tells others how old she is.She says she just doesn’t want them to know about it!My mother is a well-known doctor in our area.She works hard.She often gets up very early in the morning and rushes to the hospital to look after her patients.She is kind to her patients and treats them the way she treats her family.Sometimes I wonder whom she loves more, her patients or me.（我的媽媽）

My father is 40 years old.He has short hair, big eyes and a small mouth.He is my best friend.My father is a teacher.He is very busy.He doesn’t have any holidays or weekends.Every morning he goes to

25、我最喜歡的節(jié)日(My favourite festival)

My favourite festival is the Spring Festival.Why? Because I have lots of fun at the Spring Festival.The Spring Festival is a popular holiday in our country.It is in January or February.Our family get together.We have a big dinner at my grandparents' home.I always eat a lot of delicious food.My cousin and me both get red packets from our grandparents.My parents usually go shopping with me.We buy some nice clothes for ourselves.We often watch TV at home and sometimes read books or surf the Internet.Sometimes, we greet other people on the phone.I'm always happy at the Spring Festival.Which is your favourite festival?

26、交通安全

With the development of the modern technology，private car is no longer a luxurious thing for ordinary people，more and more people drive to work instead of going by bus.The popularization of private car school very early and stays with his students until late in the afternoon.It seems that he never gets tired!His students love and respect him.(我的爸爸)

20、我的新老師（My new teacher）

My new teacher is science teacher.He’s very strong.He has a big mouth, two big ears, two big eyes and a not too big and not too small nose.He often wears a black new shirt and brown pants, with two big shoes。

My science teacher is very kind.And he is very smart, isn’t he? Today, we have science class.We are very happy.Because he is so funny.Who is he? He’s a Mr.Zhou.21、我的好習(xí)慣（My good habits）

In the morning.First, I get up.Next, I brush my teeth.Then, I wash my face.After that, I have breakfast.At last, I go to school.In the evening.First, I finish my homework.Next, I have dinner.Then, I pack my schoolbag.After that, hang up my clothes.At last, I go to bed.22、我最喜愛的照片(My favourite photo)

There is an Aoyu in the picture.The Aoyu has a green tail, two colorful horns and the silver skin.It’s a silver Aoyu.It looks beautiful and lively.Aoyu dance is a traditional dance in Shawan Piaose.It means it can always get the first.It’s a good symbol.Everyone likes it very much.23、最有趣的事

To me, the most interesting subject is English.But I find studying English is very difficult.So if you ask which subject is the most difficult to me.My answer will be English.Now I am a student, everyday I have more than one English classes, I like studying it very much and I hope I can study it very well.So I can talk with foreigners and know the foreign countries things, it is very useful.24、我最喜歡的季節(jié)

例一：My favourite season is summer.Firstly, we will have a long holiday in summer, so we can relax oueselves.And we can also eat ice cream in summer, I love eating it very much;Secondly, it gets really warm in summer, so I feel really energetic;Thirdly, the days are longer than nights in summer, so we can play longer.In a word ,I love summer very much.例二：My favourite season is autumn.It is a harvest season.Farmers are all busy getting in the crops.There are lots of different fruits in the season, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on.The Mid-Autumn Festival is the Chinese traditional festival in autumn.People often have a big family dinner to celebrate it.The whole family have mooncakes and admire the full moon in the open air at night.It is cool in autumn.So autumn is a good season to travel.National Day is on October 1.Lots of people go out for a trip during the holiday.We can learn a lot about the history of our country from the trip.I want to visit Beijing, the capital of China, with my parents this autumn.People also do many different kinds of sports in autumn.For example, children often fly kites in the park.The young like climbing the hills and having a camping trip at weekends.The old can go out for a walk and do some exercise.There are many beautiful flowers in autumn.Chrysanthemums are the most popular.They have a sweet smell.I like autumn best.What about you, my dear friend?

has many advantages.First，it is very convenient and time-saving，you can drive your own car to the workplace instead of waiting for the crowded bus and afraid of being late for working.Second，it can also improve the traffic structure，and help to mitigate the stress of the traffic.Third，the popularization of private car can help to promote the car industry and any other interrelated industries.I believe that in the future the private car will become the most important vehicle and we can't live without it.信：

上個周末 DearLet me tell you something about my last weekend.I got up at about seven.Between 8:00 to 11:00 I was doing my homework.Then I

helped my parents clean the house.In the afternoon, I went to visit my friends and at about 3:00, we were playing table tennis.In the evening I surfed the internet and read books.How about you? Yours 我的情況：自我介紹 Dear XXX,How are you!My name is Peter.I’m from XXX.I’m 12 years old.I study in a primary school.I’m in Class 1, Grade 6.Let me tell you something about my family.There are 3 people in my family.They are my father, mother and I.We are a happy family.How about you? Please write to me soon.Yours XXX

我的家人：My family

I am happy to have a new friend.There arepeople in my family, my I.I am father is 7cm taller than me.He is a teacher.He likes running.He is thinner than me, too.My mother is a farmer.She is 3cm shorter than me.She likes going shopping.My brother is a student.He is 174cm tall.He likes playing football.He is taller and heavier than me.句型

There are_幾 people in my family, my _家人_and I.I am ____.My father is ________.He is ____er than me.My mother is ___.She is ____er than me.I am a_________.IMy father is a/an____.He likes____.He can _______.My mother is a/an____.She likes______.She can_______.寫作文時注意

1、確定人稱，I / He / She2、確定時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時動詞原型或三單形式（-s）現(xiàn)在進行時 am/ is / are動詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式（-ing）一般將來時 will 動詞原型 或 be going to 動原 一般過去時 動詞過去式（-ed）

3、句型：人稱動作相應(yīng)時態(tài)地點方式時間。

第四篇：小升初英語必備知識點總結(jié)

小升初英語必備知識點總結(jié)

在升初中的英語考試中，重點中學(xué)所出的小升初英語考試題，都會對學(xué)生提出更高的要求，主要的知識點總結(jié)為以下幾個方面：

1、詞匯量：一般重點中學(xué)的小升初英語考試，都要求學(xué)生具有2000到3000的詞匯量，而且要求學(xué)生能讀、能聽懂這些單詞，甚至要求孩子會拼寫。很多孩子認(rèn)為小升初英語考試卷中的英文奧數(shù)題比較難，主要障礙就是很多單詞不會，這樣扣分之后，跟其他孩子就有差距了。所以這里為大家提供了一些專家研究的單詞記憶法，希望對大家有用?？朔∩跤⒄Z單詞記不住的速記方法 小升初孩子記憶英語單詞8個方法

2、語法：小升初英語考試需要孩子有扎實的語法功底，要求孩子做單選題、語法題不會錯。

3、實際運用能力：知識學(xué)到手會用才是關(guān)鍵。

小升初英語閱讀題中，主要考察孩子的還是詞匯搜索的能力，就是需要孩子看到問題之后，會返回原文找答案，并選出正確的答案。

摘要寫作中，需要孩子能根據(jù)問題來寫文章，主要考察的是孩子的連詞成句能力。

英文奧數(shù)題中，孩子不僅要學(xué)會猜測不認(rèn)識的單詞含義，還要具備翻譯題目的能力，然后解題。

學(xué)生具有2000到3000的詞匯量是不夠的，還需要孩子有拓展的詞匯量。例如：free這個詞，意思是自由等，但是在free sugar中，free就不是自由的意思了，這個詞組的意思是無糖的。

（一）小升初英語語法

一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 二、一般現(xiàn)在時

1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。

2.一般現(xiàn)在時中，沒有be動詞和情態(tài)動詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句，動詞用原形。

3.在一般現(xiàn)在時中，句中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，否定句在be動詞和情態(tài)動詞后加not，一般疑問句將be動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在句首。4.在一般現(xiàn)在時中，句中沒有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的否定句在動詞前加does+not(doesn’t)，一般疑問句在句首加does，句子中原有動詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)，否定句用do+not(don’t)，一般疑問句在句首加do，句子中動詞用原形。

動詞+s的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks.以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

三、現(xiàn)在進行時

1.現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。

2.現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.3.現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。

4.現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。

動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping

四、be going to

1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。

2.肯定句：be going to +動詞原形，如：Jim is going to play football.否定句：be not going to +動詞原形，如：Jim is not going to play football.一般疑問句：把be動詞調(diào)到句首，如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+be+going to+動詞原形?如：Who is going to play football? 五、一般過去時

1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。

2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：

⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)

⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。

3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子

否定句：didn’t +動詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：

⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如： What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當(dāng)主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式?如：Who went to home yesterday? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：

1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied

5.不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw,say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took,run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

（二）小升初英語詞類：

動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：

先用“一(量詞)”(如：一個、一張等)和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞;都說不通就是動詞。(目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動詞等一下就可以知道)

1、動詞

這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括行為動詞(就是我們平時總說的那種動詞)、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞。

(1)行為動詞

就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。

行為動詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：

原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下：

↗有，就加ing

讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識該單詞→理解意思→看有無be動詞

(若是be going to 就用原形)

↘沒有，再看情態(tài)動詞

↗有，就用原形

↗有，就加ed

↘沒有，再看有無表示過去的時間狀語

↗是第三人稱單數(shù)就加s或es

↘沒有，再看主語

↘不是第三人稱單數(shù)就用原形

(2)be動詞

a、Am--was Is--was Are--were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。

b、肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)ateacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long.Her eyesare(not)small.c、一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的be動詞大致分兩類：is、am、are為一類，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時和一般將來時中，was和were為另一類，一般用于一般過去時。

判斷步驟：

↗第一、三人稱單數(shù)，就用was

↗有，再看人稱

↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用were

看有無表示過去的時間狀語

↗第一人稱單數(shù)，就用am

↘沒有，再看人稱→第三人稱單數(shù)，就有is

↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用are(3)情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。

我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動詞有：can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。

情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)

2、名詞

表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關(guān)鍵詞往往是be動詞，be動詞如果是am、is或was，名詞就用原形;be動詞如果是are或were，名詞就加s或es。

這里強調(diào)兩點：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。

如何加后綴：

a.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

b.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches

c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries

d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives

e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判斷步驟：

↗如是am、is或was→原形

讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞

↘如是are或were→加s或es

3、形容詞(包括副詞)

形容詞表示某一事物或的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。

形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式：原形和+er。

未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時就+er。

兩個重要特征：as??as中間一定用原形，有than的時候一定+er。

4、人稱代詞和物主代詞

人稱代詞

物主代詞

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

主格

賓格

主格

賓格

形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)形容詞性(短)名詞性(長)

第一人稱 I me we us my mine our ours

第二人稱 you you you you your yours your yours

第三人稱 he him they them his his their theirs

she her her hers

it it its its

人稱代詞：

有主格和賓格之分。

一般動詞前用主格，動詞后用賓格。

物主代詞：

有兩類：形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的)

一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無，就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。

5、數(shù)量詞

我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。

6、冠詞

有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思，一(個?)，the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時可根據(jù)漢語意思。a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于輔音音素前。

（三）小升初英語句式：

一、否定句：

表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。

有三種可能：be動詞(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情態(tài)動詞(can、must、should)+ not、助動詞(do、does、did)+ not 如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句：

1、看句中有無be動詞，如有，直接在be動詞后+ not。

2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動詞后+ not。

3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動詞+ not。分四個步驟：

(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(某人或某物)后，動詞前。

(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did，根據(jù)句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does，動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。

(3)在助動詞后加not。

(4)原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。

強調(diào)一點，有some的要考慮是否要用any。

二、一般疑問句。

表示疑問，一般回答只有兩種可能Yes，??或No，??句中沒有疑問詞。

如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句：

1、看句中有無be動詞，如有，把be動詞提到句首即可。

2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞，如有，把情態(tài)動詞提到句首即可。

3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)把助動提到句首。分四個步驟：

(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(某人或某物)后，動詞前。

(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did，根據(jù)句中動詞，動詞是原形的助動詞就用do，動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does，動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。

(3)把助動詞后提到句首。

(4)原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。

強調(diào)一點，有some的要考慮是否要用any。

三、特殊疑問句。

表示疑問，有疑問詞(在開頭)，回答有很多種可能。

常用疑問詞：

What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How 如何對劃線部分提問：

1、將原問句翻譯為漢語(在讀中要將劃線部分重讀)。

如：His birthday is on the 5th of May.他的生日在五月五日。

2、用漢語進行提問。

如上句，應(yīng)該問：他的生日在什么時候?

3、根據(jù)漢語將所要提問的句子補充完整。

如上句When is his birthday ?

四、祈使句

表示請求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。

肯定祈使句一定是以動詞原形開頭(有時有please)，否定的祈使句一定是don’t加動詞原形開頭(有時有please)。

把祈使句改為否定句只需在動詞前加don’t即可。

五、時態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時

(1)句中be動詞和動詞一般情況下只能有一種而且也必須有一種。如：

The children are very happy on ChristmasDay.She often does some housework at theweekend.(2)一般現(xiàn)在時中的be動詞：

一般用原形：am is are

am用于第一人稱單數(shù)(I);is用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he she it和其他人名或稱謂，如：Ben his sister等);are用于第二人稱單數(shù)(you)和所有復(fù)數(shù)(包括第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)you;第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù)，如the children、his parents等)。

(3)一般過去時中的動詞：

有兩種情況：

第一種情況：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(he she it 和其他，如Helen、her cousin 等)，動詞后一般加s或es。

第二種情況：主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞都用原形。(4)一般現(xiàn)在時判斷依據(jù)(如何判斷一個句子是一般現(xiàn)在時)：

△be動詞是am、is、are

△動詞用原形或加s、es

△沒有時間狀語或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具體的時間

(5)有用的的依據(jù)：

Be動詞是is、am ←→ 名詞用原形(這里包括可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞)

Be動詞是are ←→ 名詞加s或es

動詞加s或es ←→ 主語是第三人稱單數(shù)

動詞用原形 ←→ 主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)(6)情態(tài)動詞：

我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動詞有：can、must、should、would。

情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)六、一般過去時

(1)句中be動詞和動詞一般情況下只能有一種而且也必須有一種。如：

The girls were on the grass just now.They visited my parents last weekend.(2)一般過去時中的be動詞：

一般用過去式：was were

was用于第一人稱單數(shù)(I)和第三人稱單數(shù)(he she it和其他人名或稱謂，如：Ben、his sister等);were用于第二人稱單數(shù)(you)和所有復(fù)數(shù)(包括第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)you;第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù)，如the children、his parents等)。

(3)一般過去時中的動詞：

一般只有一種情況：+ed

這里強調(diào)一點，和一般現(xiàn)在時不同的是這里不管主語是第幾人稱，也不管是單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)都加ed。

(4)一般過去時判斷依據(jù)(如何判斷一個句子是一般過去時)：

△be動詞是was、were

△動詞加ed

△有表示過去的時間狀語

現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的常用的表示過去的時間狀語有：

just now a moment yesterday last week lastnight last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago

five years ago(5)有用的的依據(jù)：

Be動詞是was或were 該句是一般過去時

動詞加ed 有表示過去的時間狀語

3、一般將來時

(1)構(gòu)成形式：

Be going to +動詞原形。

這里強調(diào)一點，be動詞、going、to以及動詞原形共四個單詞缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成一般將來時。

(2)一般將來時表示動作即將發(fā)生或某人打算做某事。

(3)有用的依據(jù)：

一個句子中既有be動詞，又有g(shù)oing、to和動詞，且動詞用的是原形←→ 該句是現(xiàn)在進行時

(4)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等詞。

4、現(xiàn)在進行時

(1)構(gòu)成形式：

Be動詞+動詞的ing形式

這里強調(diào)一點，兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進行時。

(2)現(xiàn)在進行時表示動作正在進行或事情正在發(fā)生。

(3)有用的依據(jù)：

一個句子中既有be動詞，又有動詞，且動詞加了ing ←→ 該句是現(xiàn)在進行時

(4)句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。

七、Have、Has和There be結(jié)構(gòu)

1、There be結(jié)構(gòu)包括there is there are there was there were

2、意思都是“有”。

3、和have、has、had的區(qū)別：

(1)There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)

(2)在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動詞用are;如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù)最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。

(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。

(4)there be句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。

(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑問句。

(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑問句。

(7)針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語? How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語?

(8)針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： What’s + 介詞短語?

(9)There be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。

第五篇：英語(二外)考試大綱

英語（二外）考試大綱

一、評價目標(biāo)

考生應(yīng)掌握下列語言知識和技能：

（一）語言知識

1.語法知識

考生應(yīng)能熟練地運用基本的語法知識。

本大綱沒有專門列出對語法知識的具體要求，其目的是鼓勵考生用聽、說、讀、寫、譯的實踐代替單純的語法知識學(xué)習(xí)，以求考生在交際中能更準(zhǔn)確、自如地運用語法知識。

2.詞匯

考生應(yīng)能掌握《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》（教育部高教司，2007）一般要求規(guī)定的5500左右的詞匯以及相關(guān)詞組，參見《大學(xué)英語參考詞匯表》（教育部高教司，2007）。此外，考慮到交際的需要，考生還應(yīng)自行掌握涉及個人好惡、生活習(xí)慣、宗教信仰，以及本人工作或?qū)I(yè)等方面的特殊詞匯。

（二）語言技能

1.閱讀

能基本讀懂英語國家大眾性報刊雜志上一般性題材的文章（生詞量不超過所讀材料總詞匯量的3%），閱讀速度為每分鐘70~90詞。在快速閱讀篇幅較長、難度適中的材料時，閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘120詞。能讀懂與本人學(xué)習(xí)或工作有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)、技術(shù)說明和產(chǎn)品介紹等。對所讀材料，考生應(yīng)能：

1）正確理解中心大意；

2）抓住主要事實和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)；

3）進行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申；

4）根據(jù)上下文推測生詞的詞義；

5）理解作者的意圖、觀點或態(tài)度；

2.翻譯

考生應(yīng)能對題材熟悉難度適中的文章進行英漢互譯。翻譯時，考生應(yīng)能：

1）做到譯文基本準(zhǔn)確，無重大的理解錯誤；

2）做到語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)，無重大的語言表達(dá)錯誤；

3）合理使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，內(nèi)容前后連貫，文理通順；

4）體現(xiàn)原文的文體特點。

3.寫作

考生應(yīng)能寫一般描述性、敘述性、說明性或議論性的文章以及不同類型的應(yīng)用文，包括私人和公務(wù)信函、摘要、報告、演講稿等。寫作時，考生應(yīng)能：

1）做到語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點正確，用詞豐富恰當(dāng)，句型準(zhǔn)確多樣；

2）合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫；

3）遵循文章的特定文體格式；

4）根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當(dāng)選用語域。

二、考試形式、考試內(nèi)容與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)

（一）考試形式

考試形式為筆試。考試時間為180分鐘。滿分為100分。

試卷分試題冊和答題紙?？忌鷳?yīng)依照題目順序?qū)⑺性囶}答案寫在答題紙上。

（二）考試內(nèi)容與試卷結(jié)構(gòu)

試題分五部分，包括詞匯、結(jié)構(gòu)、閱讀理解、翻譯和寫作。

第一部分詞匯（20分）

該部分著重考查考生對不同語境中詞匯運用（尤其是參考書目課文中出現(xiàn)的積極詞匯）的掌握程度。試題采用以下三種題型中的兩種。

題型一：選擇題，即在一個句子中留出空白，要求考生從四個選項中選出最佳答案完成句子，共10小題，每小題1分；

題型二：完型填空題，即在一段文章中留出空白，要求考生從四個選項中選出最佳答案填空，共10小題，每小題1分；

題型三：選詞填空題，即在一段文章中留出空白，要求考生從所給詞庫中選出最佳詞匯填空，共10小題，每小題1分。

第二部分結(jié)構(gòu)（10分）

該部分著重考察考生對不同語境中表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)運用（包括參考書目課文中出現(xiàn)的重要語法知識點）的掌握程度。試題采用以下兩種題型之一。

題型一：選擇題，即在一個句子中留出空白，要求考生從四個選項中選出最佳答案完成句子，共10小題，每小題1分。

題型二：改錯題，即在一個句子的四個部分下劃線，要求考生選出錯誤部分并更正錯誤，共10小題，每小題1分。

第三部分閱讀理解（40分）

該部分著重考查考生閱讀理解書面英語的能力，包括理解中心大意、主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)，進行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申，根據(jù)上下文推測生詞的詞義等能力。試題采用題型一或兼有兩種題型。

題型一：深度閱讀題，即要求考生在理解所給文章（每篇約300~400詞）內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，從每題所給出的4個選項中選出最佳答案。每篇文章后各有5個小題，每小題2分；

題型二：快速閱讀題，即要求考生根據(jù)閱讀文章（每篇約800字左右）所提供的信息回答問題或填空。每篇文章后5~10個小題，每小題1~2分。

第四部分翻譯（15分）

該部分著重考察考生的綜合翻譯能力，考察考生能否用流暢、易懂的漢語或英語準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)英語、漢語原文的意思?；旧先〔挠诮趫蠹垺㈦s志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及參考書目課文，難度適中，題材熟悉，不涉及高深的專業(yè)知識和專業(yè)詞匯。題型為約200~300字左右的內(nèi)容相對完整、清楚的一段或幾段文字，要求考生進行書面翻譯。

第五部分寫作（15分）

該部分著重考查考生的書面表達(dá)能力。要求考生根據(jù)提示信息寫出一篇120~150詞的短文（標(biāo)點符號不計算在內(nèi)）或應(yīng)用文（包括私人和公務(wù)信函、摘要、報告、演講稿等）。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等。

三、參考書

全新版《大學(xué)英語》（1－4冊），李蔭華等主編，上海外語教育出版社，2010.7