第一篇:典型句式上傳9-28
1.采取走出去學、請進來講、沉下身練、科學化考核、制度化管等形式,不斷拓展培訓渠道,改進培訓方式,培訓干部3萬多名
2.把工作重心、干部力量、工作經費向一線傾斜,確保后進黨組織普遍實現晉位升級。
3.基層情況復雜,任務重、困難多。干部下基層既要身入,更要心入,撲下身子為群眾辦事,真正融入基層,和群眾打成一片。
4.湖南省桂東縣委組織部對工作實行“精細化管理”,將組織工作6大項內容細化分解成90個小項,明確工作進度和責任人,制定工作流程圖,建立完善目標管理考核辦法,全方位落實“定任務、定時限、定質量、定責任、定考核、定獎懲”責任制。
5.江蘇省如皋市采用“民意調查”考評干部實績,通過走訪社區(qū)發(fā)放干部工作問卷,利用網絡平臺測評干部德能表現,電話征詢干部工作業(yè)績、形象及口碑,形成干部成績報告單,作為選拔任用干部的重要依據。
6.云南省近日出臺《基層黨組織晉位升級工作流程》,強化統(tǒng)籌指導,規(guī)范操作程序,推動基層黨組織晉位升級工作常態(tài)化、長效化。
7.在群眾路線教育實踐活動中,我們一些黨員干部特別是領導干部,自覺在“少上酒桌”中減負,在“多上課桌”中“增效”,不僅使自己知識面拓寬了,工作水平提高了,決策能力增強了,而且使本單位本部門干部作風好轉了,黨群關系密切了,生產發(fā)展加快了。
8.當前,在教育實踐活動中有個別干部抱怨,抓學習、查問題與正常業(yè)務“沖突”。其實是沒有領會和掌握“統(tǒng)籌兼顧”原則的表現。提高活動實效,創(chuàng)新提高工作水平,必須抓住統(tǒng)籌兼顧“牛鼻子”。
9.強化學習要“學、用”結合。查擺問題要“大、小”兼顧。整改問題要“前、后”協(xié)調?;ハ嗯u要“上、下”齊心。
第二篇:北京中考50個典型句式(測試版)
中考50個典型句式
1.一…就… ______________________________________
2.不如______________________________________ 3.盡…可能地
______________________________________
4.請求,要求______________________________________ 5.請教/告訴某人如何做…______________________________________ 6.請/告訴某人做/不做某事______________________________________ 7.害怕做某事/害怕,擔心…______________________________________ 8.忙于做某事______________________________________ 9.以…著名______________________________________ 10.高興…______________________________________ 11.…與…兩者都…______________________________________ 12.為某人買某物______________________________________ 13.要么…要么…______________________________________ 14.喜歡/討厭/完成/介意/一直堅持/繼續(xù)做某事______________________________________ 15.變得越來越…______________________________________ 16.與…相處______________________________________ 17 為…做準備______________________________________ 18.把…展示/帶來/借/送/遞/告訴給某人______________________________________ 19.最好做/不做______________________________________ 20.幫某人做某事______________________________________ 21.認為…不…______________________________________ 22.我想做…______________________________________ 23.花費某人…時間做某事(it句型)______________________________________ 24.對...有好/害處______________________________________ 1 25.對于某人來說做…是重要的(it句型)______________________________________ 26.對于…來說是做…的時間了。______________________________________ 27.它兩米長。/…四歲了。______________________________________ 28.讓某人一直做某事______________________________________ 29.讓…一直保持(接形容詞)…______________________________________ 30.喜歡做某事______________________________________ 31.讓某人做/不做某事______________________________________ 32.既不… 也不…______________________________________ 33.根本不______________________________________ 34.不僅…而且….______________________________________ 35.直到…才.…______________________________________ 36.一個…另一個…______________________________________ 37.看見某人做了/正在做某事______________________________________ 38.如此…以至于…______________________________________ 39.在…方面花費…(sb.做主語)______________________________________ 40.阻止某人做某事______________________________________ 41.停下來去做某事______________________________________ 42.隨身攜帶______________________________________ 43.越…越…______________________________________ 44.…出了問題/毛病______________________________________ 45.太…以至于不能…(簡單句)______________________________________ 46.過去常常______________________________________ 47….怎么樣呢?______________________________________ 48.…出什么問題了? ______________________________________
49.為什么不做…呢?__________________
50.你愿不愿意做….呢?__________________ 2
第三篇:法律英語翻譯典型詞語和句式
法律英語翻譯典型詞語和句式
泛瑞翻譯
一、典型法律禁令句型翻譯之一 “不得”字句
用“不得”字句表達禁止性規(guī)范,莊重嚴肅,簡潔明快?!安坏谩币话阕g作shall not, 然而“不能”常譯為may not,這和英文中一些否定表達方法對應一致,故不再重復。要注意根據實際情況選擇程度不同的否定表達方式。
例1:沒收財產是沒收犯罪分子個人所有財產的一部分或者全部。在判處沒收財產的時候,不得沒收屬于犯罪分子家屬所有或者應有的財產。(刑法第五十九條)
參考譯文:Confiscation of property refers to the confiscation of part of all of the property personally owned by a criminal.When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property that the criminal’s family member owns or should own shall not be subject to confiscation.legaltranz.com 與“不得”語義相近的還有“不許,不準,不能”等。
例2:判決宣告以前一人犯數罪的,除判處死刑和無期徒刑的以外,應當在總和刑期以下、數刑中最高刑期以上,酌情決定執(zhí)行的刑期;但是管制最高不能超過三年,拘役最高不能超過一年,有期徒刑最高不能超過二十年。
參考譯文:For a criminal who commits several crimes before a judgment is pronounced, unless he is sentenced to death or life imprisonment, his term of punishment shall be decided in such a way that it may not exceed the total of the terms for all the crimes and must be longer than the maximum term for any one of the crimes, depending on the circumstances of each case.However, the term of public surveillance may not exceed three years, the term of criminal detention may not exceed one year, and fixed-term imprisonment may not exceed twenty years.二、典型法律禁令句型翻譯之二 “禁止”字句
“禁止”字句在漢譯英的過程中通常譯為be prohibited句式。
例1 禁止證券交易內幕信息的知情人和非法獲取內幕信息的人利用內幕信息從事證券交易活動。
參考譯文:Persons possessing inside information relating to securities trading and persons obtaining such information unlawfully are prohibited from making use of such inside information in securities trading activities.legaltranz.com
禁止任何人利用任何手段擾亂社會秩序。擾亂社會秩序情節(jié)嚴重,致使工作、生產、營業(yè)和教學、科研無法進行,國家和社會遭受嚴重損失的,對首要分子處五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剝奪政治權利。參考譯文: it shall be prohibited for anyone to disturb public order by any means.If the circumstances of the public disturbance are so serious that work, production, business, education or scientific research cannot be conducted and the state and society suffer serious losses, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.三、典型法律禁令句型翻譯之三 “處”字句
用“處”字句表示禁止性規(guī)范有以下兩個特點:其一,在語義上,與“不得”字句不同的是,它用具體的制裁來表示禁令。其二,在結構上,主語往往為“的”字結構,突出犯罪主體或犯罪行為,簡介莊重;謂語部分的“處”字突出對犯罪主體或犯罪行為的處置?!疤帯弊志湟话銥楸粍泳?,為使行為簡潔,實施(司法機關)一般不出現。有時為了使語義明確,實施(司法機關)也可以出現,通常譯為be sentenced to句式。請看下例: 策動、勾引、收買國家工作人員、武裝部隊、人民警察、民兵投敵叛變或者叛亂的,處無期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。(刑法第九十三條)
參考譯文:Whoever instigates lures or bribes a state functionary or a member of the armed forces, the people’s police or the people’s militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor or to rise in rebellion shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.四、典型法律禁令句型翻譯之四 “是”字句
“是”字句規(guī)定什么行為是犯罪,語氣堅決,表達禁止性規(guī)范莊重簡練。與“處”字句不同的是,它不表述具體的處罰。常譯為refer to,用來解釋說明。請看下例:
例1:明知自己的行為會發(fā)生危害社會的后果,并且希望或者放任這種結果發(fā)生,因而構成犯罪的,是故意犯罪。(刑法第十四條)
參考譯文:An intentional crime refers to a crime committed by a person who clearly knows that his act will produce socially dangerous consequences but who wishes or allows such consequences to occur.例2:組織、領導犯罪集團進行犯罪活動的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的,是主犯。對于主犯,除本法分則已有規(guī)定的以外,應當從重處罰。(刑法第二十三條)
參考譯文:A principal criminal refers to any person who organizes and leads a criminal group in carrying out criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.A principal criminal shall be given a heavier punishment unless otherwise provided for in the specific provisions of this Law.Legaltranz.com 例3:剝奪政治權利是剝奪下列權利:
(一)選舉權和被選舉權;
(二)憲法第四十五條規(guī)定的各種權利;
(三)擔任國家機關職務的權利;
(四)擔任企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位和人民團體領導職務的權利;
參考譯文:Deprivation of political rights refers to deprivation of the following rights:
(1)the right to vote and to stand for election;
(2)the right provided for in Article 45 of the Constitution;(3)the right to hold a position in a state organ;and
(4)the right to hold a leading position in any enterprise, institution or people’s organization.五、法律詞語翻譯之 Must翻譯
在法律草擬專家和該領域的翻譯專家的實踐中,尤其是在具權威性法律文獻的翻譯實踐中,以must對應“必須”的慣例似乎早已確立.例如
1.The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative region must be a person of integrity, dedicated to his/her duties.香港特別行政區(qū)行政長官必須廉潔奉公、盡忠職守。
2.任何單位和個人實施他人專利的,除本法第十四條規(guī)定的以外,都必須與專利權人訂立書面實施許可合同,向專利權人支付專利使用費。? 專利權的所有權單位或者持有單位應當對職務發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的發(fā)明人或者設計人給予獎勵。
Except as provided for in Article 14, any entity or individual exploiting the patent of another must conclude a written licensing contract with the patentee and pay the patentee a fee for the exploitation of its or his patent.? The entity owning or holding the patent right on a job-related invention-creation shall reward the inventor or designer.3.中華人民共和國公民必須遵守憲法和法律,保守國家機密,愛護公共財產,遵守勞動紀律,遵守公共秩序,尊重社會公德。
Citizens of the People’s Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and the Law, keep state secrets, protect public property and observe labor discipline and public order and respect social ethics.雖然我們可以在其他一些法律條文的譯本中找到shall或may被譯成“必須”的例證,但那種譯法畢竟比較偶然。所以,我們建議:法律英語中的shall不應譯成“必須”,而應把“必須”的任務留給must去完成。
六、法律詞語翻譯之 情態(tài)動詞May May 在法律英語中主要有兩種解釋。
一是表示“給予許可”或者“給予某人做某事的授權”(be allowed to or have permission to),這一含義多用于法律法規(guī)中。二是表示“也許”或者“可能性”(be in some degree likely to),這一含義多用于法律合同中。
第一、May 在法律法規(guī)中的翻譯
May 在法律法規(guī)的法律英語中表示被授權的法律含義時,漢語中常用“可”或“可以”表示。下面的例子就是進一步說明這一特征。
① 中華人民共和國法律和中華人民共和國締結或者參加的國際條約沒有規(guī)定的,可以適用國際慣例(《中華人民共和國民法通則》第142 條)。
International practice may be applied on matters of which neither the law of the People’s Republic of China nor any international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China has any provisions.② 民事法律行為可以采取書面形式、口頭形式或者其他形式(《中華人民共和國民法通則》第56 條)。
A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.③ 人民法院審理案件,其中一部分事實已經清楚,可以就該部分先行判決(《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第139 條)。
If some of the facts in a case being tried by the People’s Court are already evident, the Court may pass judgment on that part of the case first.④ 當事人對重審案件的判決、裁定,可以上訴(《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第154 條)。The parties concerned may appeal against the judgment or written order rendered in a retrial of their case.第二、May 在法律合同文件中的翻譯
May 在法律英語合同法律文件中的法律解釋以“可能”、“可以”(likely, possible)或者“(或)許”(perhaps)的含義為主,但也更有可能在“可能性”(possibility)與“準許”(permission)之間易產生歧義。在漢語的法律表述中常常用詞組“可以??, 也可以??”來表達may 在法律英語中“可能性”的法律解釋。
① 當事人依法可以委托代理人訂立合同(《中華人民共和國合同法》第9 條)。The parties may conclude a contract through an agent in accordance with the law.② 承租人可以要求減少租金或者不支付租金(《中華人民共和國合同法》第228 條)。The lessee may request a reduction of rent or not to pay the rent.③ 出租人可以要求支付全部租金;也可以解除合同,收回租賃物(《中華人民共和國合同法》第248條)。
The lesser may request it to pay all the rent, or rescind the contract and take back the leased property.”
④ 發(fā)包人可以與總承包人訂立建設工程合同,也可以分別與勘察人、設計人、施工人訂立勘察、設計、施工承包合同(《中華人民共和國合同法》第272 條)。The contract letting party may enter into a construction project contract with a general contractor, or enter into a survey contract, design contract or construction contract with a surveyor, designer or constructor respectively.七、法律詞語翻譯之 情態(tài)動詞Shall
在表述“施為性”和“必要性”的法律概念時,漢語用典型特征的詞“應當”、“應該”或“應”來表示法律英語中shall 包含的“權力義務和責任”的法律含義。我國現行法規(guī)的英文翻譯就能充分對比這些特征。
1.The Customs shall keep the reporters secret.海關應當為舉報人保密(《中華人民共和國海關法》第8條)。
2.The finished products for processing trade shall be exported within the specified time limit.For those imported materials used for the purpose that are bonded with approval given in accordance with State regulations, formalities for the records of bond shall be written off with the Customs;where duties are collected in advance, formalities for the drawback of the duties paid shall be completed with the Customs in accordance with law.加工貿易制成品應當在規(guī)定的期限內復出口。其中使用的進口料件,屬于國家規(guī)定準予保稅的應當向海關辦理核銷手續(xù);屬于先征收稅款的,依法向海關辦理退稅手續(xù)(《全國人大關于修改〈中華人民共和國海關法〉的決定》第17條)。
3.When the lawsuit is brought, a statement of complaint shall be provided to the People’s Court, and copies of the statement shall be provided according to the number of defendants.起訴應當向人民法院遞交起訴狀,并按照被告人數提出副本(《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第109條)
4.After the creditor has submitted his application, the People’s Court shall inform the creditor within five days whether it accepts the application or not.債權人提出申請后,人民法院應當在五天內通知債權人是否受理(《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第190條)。
八、法律英語中“的”字句的八種譯法
“的”字結構事實上是中文省略了作為邏輯主語的行為者的一種語法結構,在句子中充當主語。
它們主要有三種形式。
(一)由抽象詞組成,如“紅的是我的,綠的是你的”;
(二)由動賓詞組+的組成,例如,“值得高興的是,他沒有受傷?!?;
(三)由主謂詞組+的,例如:“他指的不是這件事”。
“的”字結構在法律文書中尤為常見。“的”字結構的多種形式中,用于法律文書的主要有“動賓詞組+的,比如:“構成犯罪的”,“獲得證書的”,等等,下面,筆者試圖將法律文書中的“的”字結構再細分為八類,分門別類進行分析,并舉出中國法律出版社的相關譯文以資參考。
1、Whoever式:
原文:具有下列條件之一的,可以參加執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師資格考試。(醫(yī)師法,8)
分析:邏輯主語是行為者,而且句子比較短,適合使用這種句型。值得注意的是,法律文書不用those who句型,因為這種句型比較口語化,與法律文書的文體要求不符,whoever同時又有包括一切人的含義,比較適用于這種泛指一切人的句子。
譯文:Whoever meets one of the following requirements may take the examinations for the qualifications of a licensed doctor.(醫(yī)師法,8)
2、Anyone who 式:
原文:具有高等學校醫(yī)學專科或者中等專業(yè)學校醫(yī)學專業(yè)學歷,在執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師指導下,在醫(yī)療、預防、保健機構中試用期滿1年的,可以參加執(zhí)業(yè)助理醫(yī)師資格考試。(醫(yī)師法,10)
分析:anyone who 與whoever表面看來沒有什么區(qū)別,但是細辯之下,它們的適用范圍還是有一些不同,anyone who 用來指稱具備一定條件的人,并不是泛指所有的人,如whoever那樣;anyone who 另外一點與whoever不同的地方是,anyone who是個定語從句,后邊可以帶好幾個并行成分的句子而讀者讀起來不感吃力,這點whoever是自嘆不如的,大家在決定用whoever還是anyone who 之前一定要仔細分析句型,然后再下筆。
譯文:Anyone who has reached the level of a graduate from the faculty of medicine of a university or a polytechnic school and,under the guidance of a licensed doctor ,worked on probation for at least one year in the medical treatment, disease prevention or health care institution may take the examinations for the qualifications of an assistant doctor.(醫(yī)師法,10)
3、No one who 式:
原文:有下列情形之一的,不予注冊:(醫(yī)師法,12)
分析:這是anyone who 的否定形式。中文常常否定動詞,如此句中的“不予注冊”,而英語卻否定名詞,如此句中的no one。正由于這個原因,盡管這個句子很短,也不適用whoever 句型。
譯文:No one who is found in one of the following cases shall be registered(醫(yī)師法,12)
4、尋找主語式:
原文:取得醫(yī)師資格的,可以向所在地縣級以上人民政府衛(wèi)生行政部門申請注冊。(醫(yī)師法,10)
分析:上面說過,“的”結構,實際上是省略了邏輯主語的句子,由于英語受SVO結構的要求,必須出一個主語。然而,這第四種類型的句子,沒有必要按照anyone who的句型去翻譯,另外添加一個主語,那樣就會顯得累贅。有時,主語可以在上下文當中找到。這句就是一個比較典型的例子。因為“取得醫(yī)師資格的人”豈不就是“執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師”的意思嗎?當然,要把主語找出來,并打破原文的字面束縛,是需要一定的學識與膽量的,需要平時多看多學,細細體會。
譯文:A certified doctor may apply for registration to the administrative department for public health of the local people′s government at or above the county level.(醫(yī)師法,10)
5、補出主語式:
原文:儲存、運輸,處置城市生活垃圾違反本法規(guī)定的,按照國務院關于環(huán)境保護和城市環(huán)境衛(wèi)生的有關規(guī)定予以處罰。(環(huán)境法,44)
分析:補出主語式與上文第一式“whoever”式,第二式anyone who 式不同之處在于它根據原文的上下文,補出了一個具體的主語,使行為者更加具體、明確。這兒補出的主語是“any person or unit”。翻譯好這類句子的關鍵是找準行為者,使之與上下文協(xié)調。譯文:If any person or unit stores, transports or treats urban house refuse against the provisions of this Law, he or it shall be punished in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State Council regarding environmental protection and urban environmental sanitation.(環(huán)境法,44)
6、Where + person(active voice)式:
原文:以不正當手段取得醫(yī)師執(zhí)業(yè)證書的,由發(fā)給證書的衛(wèi)生行政部門予以吊銷;(醫(yī)師法,28)
分析:當“的”字結構的邏輯主語與具體行為的主語并非同一的時候,where是個非常有用的詞。在法律文書的翻譯中,where結構是經常用到的。必須指出的是where與when、if的不同。初看之下,好象用where起句的地方,可以用if或when取代。但是細細分析起來,它們之間還是有區(qū)別,主要的區(qū)別在于,if強調了一種假設,when強調了時間上的關系,而where顯得比較客觀,讀來給人一種莊重的感覺,“只要你這么做了,你就理當受到懲罰”,而不分時間,也沒有任何條件。
譯文:Where a person obtains the doctors license by illegitimate means, the administrative department for health that granted the license shall revoke it;(醫(yī)師法,28)
7、Where+things(passive voice)式:
原文:仿造、變造會計憑證、會計帳簿、編制虛假財務會計報告,構成犯罪的,依法追究刑事責任。(會計法,34)
分析:這是where式句型的一種變體,用以強調原文動賓結構中的賓語。應該講,用6式還是7式都是可以的,也就是說,無論是用主動句型還是用被動句型都是可以考慮的。至于用哪個,要看具體情況來定。像這句,有五個動詞,五個賓語,三個短語,如用6式,出一個人稱主語anyone, 句子勢必顯得、冗長,頭輕而腳重。而用被動,可以將句子拆成三個部分,分別表達,整句顯得前后用力平衡。譯文:Where accounting vouches or account books are counterfeited or altered, or false financial and accounting reports are prepared, and therefore a crime is constituted, criminal liabilities shall be investigated in accordance with law.I(會計法,34)
8、If it is +adjective 式:
原文:確有必要進口前款規(guī)定目錄中的固體廢物用作原料的,必須報國務院環(huán)境保護行政主管部門會同國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門審查許可,方可進口。(環(huán)境法,18)
分析:如同上面的兩種句式,這種句式其實也有一個潛在主語,把它補出,也未嘗不可。如此句,也可以譯成If a unit really needs to import ?? If it is really necessary for a unit to import?。但是,與上面兩句不同的是,這句中有一個形容詞“必要”,因此,完全可以利用這個形容詞,而把事實上的主語也同樣隱藏起來。
譯文:If it is really necessary to import as raw material of the solid waste that is included in the catalog stipulated in the preceding paragraph, examination must be conducted by the competent administrative department of environment protection in conjunction with the competent department of foreign economic relations and trade under the State Council and permission must be obtained from them in advance.(環(huán)境法,18)
第四篇:句式222
轉換句式
1、這是真理。(改為反問句)
2、多得些知識決不是一件壞事。(改為否定句)
3、這件事我一定要做。(調換順序,意思不變)
4、疲勞和干渴把它們折磨得有氣無力。(改為“被”字句)
5、澎湃的波濤把海里的泥沙卷到岸邊。(改為“被”字句)
6、又短又軟的淤泥怎么承受得住這樣重的老象呢?(改為陳述句)
7、是不是應該用我的能力把我所能做到的事情做得更精致、更仔細、更加一絲不茍呢?(改為陳述句)
8、多讀多練,作文會進步。(用關聯(lián)詞語把句子連起來)
9、他的學習成績很好,很自私,算不上好學生。(用關聯(lián)詞語把句子連起來)如果勝利不屬于這樣的隊伍,還會屬于誰呢?(改為不用關聯(lián)詞表示肯定的陳述句)
11、這是英雄的中國人民堅強不屈的聲音!(改為反問句)
12、他熱情地和我握了握手,說:“我的國語講得不好,是初學的。”(改為不用引號的轉述)
13、這難道不是偉大的奇觀么?(改為陳述句)
14、我在星星的懷抱中微笑著。(改變句序,句子意思不變)
15、不勞動,連棵花也養(yǎng)不活,這難道不是真理嗎?(改為陳述句)
16、多得些知識不是壞事。(改為反問句)
17、小李完成了老師交給她的畫版報任務。(改為“被”字句)
18、在這樹上有許多鳥巢。(改變詞序,句子意思不變)
19、海上日出真是偉大的奇觀。(改為反問句)
20、外祖父送給了鶯兒一幅墨梅。(改為“把”字句和“被”字句)
21、地球之外是否有生命存在,是人類一起探索的宇宙生命之謎。(改為反問句)
22、這些設想即使能實現,也是遙遠的事情。(改為反問句)
23、我完成了這幅作品。(改為感嘆句)
24、我做成了這個試驗。(改為反問句)
25、你不是不知道這件事有多重要。(改為肯定句)
26、這比山還高,比海還深的情誼,我們怎能忘懷呢?(改為肯定句)
27、狂風刮飛了地上的落葉。(改為“把”字句和“被”字句)
28、沒有太陽,就沒有我們這個美麗的世界。(改為反問句)
29、有幾個省市的建設與興安嶺完全沒有關系呢?(改為陳述句)
30、藺相如說:“秦王我都不怕,會怕謙將軍嗎?”(改為轉述語句)
31、聽到這個消息,我高興地跳起來。(改為反問句)
32、這本書難道不是你的嗎?(改為陳述句)
33、王老師對同學們說:“星期天,我們一起去滑雪”。(改為間接引用)
34、小紅軍對陳庚說:“我還要等我的同伴呢?”(改為間接引用)
35、爸爸對媽媽說:“明天我出發(fā),你別去上班了?!保ǜ臑殚g接引用)
36、人與山的關系日益密切,怎能不使我們感到親切、舒服呢?(改為陳述句)
37、在陽光下,一片青松的邊沿,閃動著白樺的銀裙,不像海邊上的浪花嗎?(改為陳述句)
38、大至礦井、鐵路,小至椽柱、桌椅,有幾個省市的建設與興安嶺完全沒有關系呢?(改為陳述句)
39、雨下得很大。(改為比喻句)
40、田里的青蛙叫。(改為擬人句)
41、這么美的水真吸引人。(改為反問句)
42、寫得不怎么樣,但還是有希望的。(改為雙重否定句)
43、他這樣做雖然過分了點,但還是有道理的。(改為雙重否定句)
44、問題還沒有弄清,但已經有了一點兒頭緒。(改為雙重否定句)
45、凡卡從老板的立柜里拿出一小瓶墨水。(改為反問句)
46、這個足球場太小了。(改為夸張句)
47、他的鞋真大。(改為夸張句)
48、桂花開了,很遠就能聞到香味。(改為夸張句)
49、這里一只鳥飛起來,那邊鳥又落下去,眼睛都看不過來了。(改為夸張句)
50、哥哥把牛郎叫到跟前。(改為“被”字句)
51、小窗戶里望見的能有多大呢?(改為陳述句)
52、兇狠的老板打凡卡。(變換語序,意思不變)
53、溪水嘩嘩地流向遠方。(改為擬人句)
54、“鳥的天堂”真是鳥的天堂。(改為反問句)
55、天空中飄著大雪。(改為比喻句)
56、你承認電子計算機是“天之驕子”。(改為雙重否定句)
57、地球資源枯竭了,人類否能活嗎?(改為陳述句)
58、曹操氣得臉都紅了。(變換語序,意思不變)
59、地球是人類的母親,生命的搖籃。(改為反問句)
60、邱少云趴在火堆里一動也不動。(改為比喻句)
61、有一天,媽媽忽然對我說:“鶯兒,我們回唐山去?!保ǜ臑殚g接引用)
62、越過岷山,不能不使紅軍戰(zhàn)士喜笑顏開。(改為反問句)
63、綿延不斷的王嶺山脈,在紅軍眼里卻很細小。(改為比喻句)
64、漓江的水綠得仿佛一塊無暇的翡翠。(改為反問句)
65、大家老師熱愛自己的祖國。(改為反問句)
66、父親說:“這是我對你們的希望?!保ǜ臑殚g接引用)
67、我是一名少先隊員,必須遵守紀律。(改為反問句)
第五篇:主要句式
2011年中考英語考點9主要句式
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(一)知識概要
初中所學的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種:
① 主語+不及物動詞。如:I arrived at six last night.② 主語+及物動詞+賓語,如:I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday.③ 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed.這樣可加雙賓語的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.④ 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語,如:I found it impossible to do it.Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.⑤ 主語+系動詞+表語,如:Tom is an American boy.The grass turned green in spring.在初中常見的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:There is a map on the wall其be動詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動詞后,也要保持be動詞,不要換用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.在句子結構中要注意主謂一致的問題,即句子的主語與謂語動詞要相呼應。
要注意的有如下幾點:
① 用and連接兩個主語時一般應視為復數,但如一人身兼兩職時則要用單數謂語動詞形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party.a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以 s 結尾的名詞謂語動詞要用單數,如: The news is good(news 為不可數名詞)。③ 有量詞時應按量詞的數量計算;如: This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.④有些形單卻意為復數的名詞,如: People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police,如果要講一個警察時,應講 a policeman。兩個警察為 two policemen。又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
⑤ 所有不定代詞 each,either,neither,one,the other,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something … 要作為單數如: Someone is waiting for you在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關系的連詞有: and not only … but also,neither … nor,either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。表示轉折關系的并列連詞有: but 和 yet,如: She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam.又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示選擇關系的連詞有:or,either … or,如: Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果關系的并列連詞有: for,so 如: They studied very hard,so they all passed the exam
在初中范圍復合句中主要有狀語從句和賓語從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語從句。
① 在及物動詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當賓語,如: I knew the man, 而這時也可以用一個句子來充當賓語,如: I knew that he was a good man 這時賓語從句的連接詞有 that,(that 只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用,不在句中充當語法成分,既不是主語也不是賓語,所以在口語中常常被省略。如: I am sure(that)she has passed the exam
②if, whether 它們在賓語從句中只起連接作用,不起語法作用,當作是否講。從句中有 or not 結構時,要用 whether, 如: I ask him if(whether)he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not
③ what 它在賓語從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語或賓語成份,如: I don't understand what you said(what 作 said 的賓語)。又如: I asked him what made him sick(what 在賓語從句中作主語)。
④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當句中的成份,如:I know who she is looking for?
⑤ whose 如: I want to know whose book this is? ⑥ which 如: Do you know which book is mine? 在連接詞中還有4個常用的連接副詞,① how 它的應用最廣,如: how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如: How much does it cost?
② when 它只是連接時間狀語,如: Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它連接地點狀語,如: Where are you from?
④ why 它要連接的是原因狀語從句,如: The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.在考試中常見到的考點是:賓語從句的時態(tài)與主句時態(tài)的呼應問題。
① 主句謂語動詞如果是現在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時態(tài),如: I know he didn't come.我知道他沒來。I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天來。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去倫敦了。
② 主句中的謂語動詞若是過去時,賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)中的某一種。比如: 一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時。除了在表達宇宙中的客觀真理時,不能用現在時態(tài)。如: I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun狀語從句主要有時間 狀語從句,其連接詞有:after,before,when,as,as soon as,until(till),while,since,by
其中較難掌握的有以下幾點:
① until(till)直到,在用 until 表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞,它要用肯定句,如: I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,則要用否定句,如: He didn't go to bed until his mother came back
② 由since,for,by,before 來引導的時間狀語從句。since 引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如: I have studied English since 1990 而由 by 引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結束時間,如: I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 則多用于完成時,ago 則多用于一般過去時,如: He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago
③ 在狀語從句中用一般現在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,如: If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般過去時,從句用一般過去進行時,如: He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考試中常見的考點有:要學生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài),如: I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關系,如: I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow
在原因狀語從句中主要是
① because,應譯為“因為”。它表達的因果關系最強,如: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard
② since 應譯為“既然”,如: Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk
③ as 應譯為“由于”,如: As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 與 as 所表達的因果關系遠比 because 弱得多。而 for 表達的因果關系最弱。它不能用于句首,如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college在比較狀語從句中有同級比較 as … as,如: This book is as good as that one
要注意的有兩點:
① as … as 中間要用原級而不是比較級。
② 用形容詞還是副詞,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句為 not as(so)… as,如: They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同級比較用比較級加 than, 如: He is younger than I am
要注意的是表示“越來越”這一概念時有兩個句型:
① 比較級+and+比較級,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful
② 定冠詞 the + 比較級+ the + 比較級,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn方 式狀語中要注意的是as(連詞)與 like(介詞)的區(qū)別。as 作為連詞其后接從句,如: Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略,如: Please do it as I 而 like 是介詞,其后要接的是賓語,如: Please do it like me
結果和目的狀語從句主要有 so … that,so that,in order that等幾種用法。
① so … that用在單數可數名詞前,so + 形容詞 + a + 名詞 + that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容詞 + 名詞 + that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her
② 在不可數名詞或可數名詞復數前只能用 such,如: It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如: They are such good players that they should win the game.③ 在much,many,few,little 之前只能用so,如: I have so little money that I can't buy it
④ so … that 之間只有形容詞時,則不能用 such,如: It is so good that I want to buy ⑤ so that 其后接從句,如: I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
(二)正誤辨析
[誤] The stories in that book was written many years ago [正] The stories in that book were written many years ago.
[析] 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語,但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數,要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份,如: book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。 [誤] To read many books are good for you [正] To read many books is good for you [析] 不定式作主語應該看作單數主語。 [誤] What he said are right [正] What he said is right
[析] 從句作主語一定要按單數主語看待。 [正] The rich is not always happy [誤] The rich are not always happy
[析] 形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語動詞應用復數,如: The young are very interested in study and sports [誤] The school master and writer are coming [正] The school master and writer is coming
[析] 本句應譯為:校長兼作家就要來了。而 The school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為:校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達法中確實有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應譯為:一個女孩,一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如: the husband and wife 夫妻二人。
[誤] You or she go to get some water for us [正] You or she goes to get some water for us
[析] 由 or 連接的兩個主語應以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數。這樣的用法還有 either … or,neither … nor,not only … but also 也有人稱作“就近原則”。 [誤] The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom [正] The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom
[析] 真正的主語是 the teacher,而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài),不影響主語的數。 [誤] My glasses is broken [正] My glasses are broken [誤] This pair of glasses are good [正] This pair of glasses is good [誤] These kinds of butter is good. [正] These kinds of butter are good
[析] 英語中有些名詞只有復數形式,如: glasses 眼鏡,shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時,要用復數謂語動詞,但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復數計算。 [誤] One of the boys are going to take part in the match [正] One of the boys is going to take part in the match [析] One of 結構應以 one 來計算主語的數。 [誤] Half of the work are done [正] Half of the work is done [誤] Half of the books is read [正] Half of the books are read
[析] 在小于1的數量詞作主語時,如: 2 3,80%,0.35… + of +名詞,這時主語的數應按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數名詞或可數名詞單數,則謂語動詞要用單數,如名詞是復數則要用復數謂語動詞。
[誤] Each sides are full of trees [正] Each side is full of trees [誤] Both side is full of trees [正] Both sides are full of trees
[析] each,either 其后都要加單數名詞,而 both 后要加復數名詞。如: each,either,another,little,a little,much等作主語時,謂語動詞全部要用單數形式。 [誤] The boys each has an apple [正] The boys each have an apple
[析] each 作同位語時,不影響句子的主語。 [誤] Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert [正] Every one of us has a ticket for the concert
[析] everyone,someone,everybody … 在作主語時都不能加 of 結構。[誤] Girls like dancing very much,but few likes playing football [正] Girls like dancing very much,but few like playing football [析] few 雖然含意上是“幾乎沒有”,但作主語時仍要當作復數。 [誤] The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred [正] The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred
[析] the number of 意為:某某的數字是…… 如: the number of students 學生人數,the number of players 運動員人數。不論數字如何都應看作單數。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同,其后加可數名詞復數,謂語動詞用復數形式。如: A number of students are playing on the grass [誤] The rest of the students is here [正] The rest of the students are here [誤] The rest of the work are done [正] The rest of the work is done
[析] the rest of 的用法與2/3,一半,80%+ of 的結構一致,of 后面為可數名詞復數時用復數謂語動詞,為不可數名詞或可數名詞單數時用單數謂語動詞。這樣用法還有 lots of,a lot of,plenty of。
[誤] The news in today's newspaper are not bad [正] The news in today's newspaper is not bad
[析] 有些以 s 結尾的名詞要用作不可數名詞,它們是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…
[誤] The Chinese is kind and friendly [正] The Chinese are kind and friendly
[析] Chinese 作為中文來講是單數名詞,但作為中國人講是單復同形的名詞。如: one Chinese,two Chinese … 而 The Chinese = The people of China 要用復數謂語動詞。[誤] This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me [正] This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me [析] 表示一段時間,一筆金錢,一段距離,都應看作單數名詞。 [誤] Who are going to take part in our football match? [正] Who is going to take part in our football match?
[析] 用 who 提問時,習慣上用單數謂語動詞,但 which 則要視其情況而定,如: which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如: which is better this one or that one? [誤] What a hot weather it is! [誤] How hot the weather it is! [正] What hot weather it is! [正] How hot the weather is!
[析] 感嘆句是用來表達說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始,判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句,比如: What the hot weather it is!應轉換為: It is the hot weather 那么句子的起點是單詞 it。再來看感嘆句中 it 前有不可數名詞 weather,則只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the weather is!轉為陳述句時為: The weather is hot這時句子的開始單詞為 the weather,再來看感嘆句在 the weather 前只有形容詞,所以應用 how。至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定,單數可數名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。 [誤] We have to sing this,have we? [誤] We have to sing this,haven't we? [正] We have to sing this, don't we?
[析] 在反意疑問句中除了標準的一些常規(guī)外,有一些例外: Let's go home,shall we? Let us go home,will you? She had to leave,didn't she? Do your homework at once,will you?
There is not much good news in today's newspaper,is there? Neither of them are right,are they? I think he will come to the party won't he?
think 后的賓語從句,與其他賓語從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語要用賓語從句中的主語,其助動詞要用賓語從句的助動詞,而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語動詞而定,如: I don't think he is coming to our party,is he? [誤] I want to know where does he live [正] I want to know where he lives
[析] 賓語從句中一律要用陳述語序,而不用疑問語序。 [誤]Nor I have
[正]Nor(Neither)have I
[析] nor,neither 用在簡答否定句中時要采用倒裝語序。在肯定句的簡答句中則要用so,如: I do my homework very quickly,So does Mary [誤] Look!Here the bus comes! [正] Look!Here comes the bus! [誤] Look!Here comes he! [正] Look!Here he comes [析] 在 there,here 打頭的句子中,如果主語是名詞,則要采用倒裝語序;如果是人稱代詞則用一般語序。
[誤] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No,I don't hope so
[正] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No,I hope not
[析] 我不這樣想,可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定簡答句只能用 I hope not 這是習慣用法。但這兩個詞的肯定簡答句形是一樣的,如: I think so.I hope so [誤] That is difficult for us to learn English well [正] It is difficult for us to learn English well
[析] It 這里的語法作用是形式主語,而真正的主語是后面的不定式。形式主語和形式賓語都要用 it 而不能用 that,如: I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語。
(三)例題解析
1
There ___ a pencilbox on the desk.
A.is B.are
C.has
D.have [答案] A.
[析] There be 句形中的 be 動詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,如: There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk 2
Could you tell me ___ ?
A Mrs King where lives B where does Mrs King live C where Mrs King lives D Mrs King lives where [答案] C.
[析] 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。 3
Your brother came to see you,___ ?
A does he B doesn't he C did he D didn't he [答案] D.
[析] 前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問句要用否定句,同時 came 為過去時態(tài),所以應用 didn't he 4
It's getting cloudy,___ ?
A does' it B doesn't it C is it D isn't it [答案] D.
[析] 要區(qū)分's 是 has 還是 is,這里由 getting 得出's 是is。 5
___ keep me waiting so long. A Not B Won't C Don't D Not to [答案] C.
[析] Don't + 動詞原形為祈始句的否定句。 6
Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ___ ?
A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he [答案] A.
[析] 此句 has 是助動詞與過去分詞構成現在完成時態(tài)。 7
You have your lunch at school, ___ ?
A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you [答案] D.
[析] 這里的 have 是實意動詞“吃”,而不是助動詞。 8
___ sunny day!Let's go out for a walk. A How a B How C What a D What [答案] C.
[析] 這個感嘆句是個省略句,其真實的句子應為 What a sunny day it is!9
-Can you tell me ___ ?
-Sure She's a nurse A where is your sister B where your sister is C what is your sister D what your sister is [答案] D.
[析] who 問的是姓名,如: Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my fatheris he? He is a teacher
What 問的是職業(yè),如: What 10
10
John likes listening to the radio,___ ?
A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe [答案] B.
[析] 當名詞作主語時,反意疑問句應用代詞。 11
Neither you nor I ___ on the team. A are B were C am D is [答案] C.
[析] 由 neither … nor … 作連接詞作主語時,其謂語動詞要與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。 12
___ delicious food!I'd like some more. A what a B How a C What D How [答案] C.
[析] 因 food 為不可數名詞。 13
___ there a cat under the chair? A Are B Is C Has D Have [答案] B.
[析] 這是 there be 句型的疑問句。 14
Could you tell me ___ ?
A when the train will arrive B when the train arrived C when did the train arrive D when does the train arrives [答案] A.
[析] could 用于現在時疑問句表達了口氣的委婉,并不是過去時態(tài)。且賓語從句要用陳述語句。15
-___ bad weather!
-Yes,But it's going to be fine soon,I think A How B What a C What an D What [答案] D.
[析] weather 為不可數名詞。
16
-Could you tell me ___ ?-Yes,They ___ to the library A where are the twins,have been B where were the twins,have been C where the twins are,have gone D where the twins were,have gone [答案] C.
[析] have been to 是去過什么地方,而現在回來了。have gone to 是到某地去了,人現在不在這里。 17
Go and ___ the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right away. A turn off B turn down C turn up D turn on [答案] D.
[析] 這是個祈使句,它由 and 連接兩個動詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。18
Let's go for some tea,___ ?
A shall we B will we C do we D don't we [答案] A.
[析] Let's go …,shall we? Let us go …,will you?這是兩個特殊的反意疑問句。
19
Joan's short,___ ?
A wasn't she B hasn't she C isn't she D doesn't she [答案] C.
[析] 在此句中應視's為is,而不是 has 或 was。 20
I don't know ___ to read the word. A which B what C whose D how [答案] D.
[析] 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動詞,已有自己的賓語 the word,所以應用疑問副詞 how。
21
He didn't go to school,___ he was ill. A for B but C and D so [答案] A.
[析] 這里是表示因果的關系,從句表示原因,所以用 for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個逗號。so 引起的是結果狀語從句,如: He was only twelve,so he couldn't join the army 22
The young woman can hardly ride a bike,___ she? A doesn't B does C can't D can [答案] D.
[析] hardly 為否定詞,所以應視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問句應用肯定句。 23
Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays,___ ? A does he B doesn't he C isn't he D is he [答案] A.
[析] never 也是否定詞,所以應將句子看作否定句。 24
Mother said to him,“Don't ___ on football.” A spend too much time B to spend too much time C spend too many time D to spend too many time [答案] A.
[析] time 作為“時間”講為不可數名詞,應用 much 來修飾。當作“次數”講是可數名詞,如 three times 三次,而 Don't … 這一句是祈使句的否定句。
25
Mr White,together with some Japanese friends,___ visit our school this afternoon. A are going to B is going to C have D has [答案] B.
[析] 句子的主語是Mr White,而together with … 是伴隨狀況,不影響句子的主語。 26
There is little water in the glass,___ ? A is it B is there C isn't it D isn't there [答案] B.
[析] 這是 there be 句型的反意疑問句。
27
Ampere was thinking about a maths problem,___ ? A didn't he B wasn't he C did he D is he [答案] B.
[析] 這是進行時態(tài)的反意疑問句。
28
She had a good time yesterday,___ she ? A wasn't B didn't C hasn't D isn't [答案] B.
[析] had 這里是實意動詞而不是助動詞。
29
We'll make ___ for you in the front of the car. A a room B room C rooms D some rooms [答案] B.
[析] room 此處為不可數名詞,意為“地方,空間”。 30
Neither she nor I ___ to the Great wall before. A has gone B have gone C have been D has been [答案] C.
[析] 由neither … nor 連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞應與相臨近的那個主語相呼應。 31
Help me collect these books,___ ? A are you B will you C do you D shall you [答案] B.
[析] 祈使句的反意疑問句應用 will you,而Let's go 例外,其反意疑問句為 shall we? 32
The number of deer,mountain lions and wild roses ___ change much if people leave things as they are. A don't B doesn't C isn't D didn't [答案] B.
[析] the number of 為“……的數量、數目”,所以謂語動詞用單數形式。而 a number of 要加復數名詞,其謂語動詞也用復數。 33
She's had breakfast,___ ?
A is she B isn't she C hasn't she D has she [答案] C.
[析] 這里的's應視為 has 34
I wonder ___ .
A whose bicycle is it B it is whose bicycle C is it whose bicycle D whose bicycle it is [答案] D.
[析] wonder 后的賓語從句應用陳述語序。 35
It is good for us ___ morning exercises. A do B to do C did D done [答案] B.
[析] 這里的 it 是形式主語,而真正的主語是不定式 to do … 36
Peter has sports very often,___ ?
A does,Peter B doesn't he C doesn't Peter D does he [答案] B.
[析] has 這里是實意動詞,而主語為名詞時其反意疑問句中的主語要用代詞。37
Mr Black said,“Jenny,don't be late tomorrow” Mr Black told Jenny ___ .
A don't be late tomorrow
B didn't be late tomorrow C not be late next morning
D not to be late the next day [答案] D.
[析] tell 一般要加雙賓語,其間接賓語是 Jenny,直接賓語是不定式。而這里用的是不定式的否定形式。
38
Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny,___ ? A does she B didn't she C did she D wasn't she [答案] B.
[析] read這里是過去時態(tài),因其主語是第三人稱單數,而 read 并未加 s 所以是過去時態(tài)。(read 的過去時與過去分詞都是 read,只不過讀音不同)