第一篇:【精品】川普葛底斯堡百日新政演講
Gettysburg, PA: Today, in historic Gettysburg, PA, Donald J.Trump presented a game-changing plan for his first100 days in office.This revolutionary “Contract with the American Voter” will ensure that America’s economy is revitalized and citizens are protected.今天,在葛底斯堡Gettysburg,PA,特朗普發(fā)布了他的革命性的入主白宮100天計(jì)劃--“我與廣大美國選民的契約”。該計(jì)劃旨在重振美國經(jīng)濟(jì),確保國民安全。
“I’m not a politician, and have never wanted to be one.But when I saw the trouble our country was in, I knew I couldn’t’t stand by and watch any longer.Our country has been so good to me, I love our country, I felt I had to act,” said Mr.Trump in his address.“我從來不是,也不想成為一個(gè)政客。但當(dāng)我看見我們國家的問題的時(shí)候,我無法再袖手旁觀。我們的祖國曾經(jīng)施惠于我,我愛她,我感到我必須行動起來。
“Change has to come from outside this broken system.The fact that the Washington establishment has tried so hard to stop our campaign is only more proof that our campaign represents the kind of change that only arrives once in a lifetime,” he continued.”變革必須來自這個(gè)崩塌的系統(tǒng)的外部。我的競選能夠代表這種鳳凰涅磐般的改革,體制內(nèi)的建制派們對我的瘋狂抵制就是明證。
“I am asking the American people to rise above the noise and the clutter of our broken politics, and to embrace that great faith and optimism that has always been the central ingredient in the American character.I am asking you to dream big.我呼吁,美國人民從當(dāng)下政治的嘈雜和凌亂中探起頭來,一起擁護(hù)美國精神的中流砥柱— 偉大的信仰和樂觀精神。我懇請大家(對國家)有遠(yuǎn)大的愿景。
“What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again.It is a contract between Donald J.Trump and the American voter – and begins with restoring honesty, accountability and change to Washington,” he concluded.接下來就是我的100天計(jì)劃 to Make America Great Again.這是特朗普與所有美國選民的關(guān)于重塑華府誠信、責(zé)任和革新的契約。
DONALD J.TRUMP CONTRACT WITH THEAMERICAN VOTER
唐納德 特朗普與美國選民的契約
What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again.It is a contract between myself and the American voter – and begins with restoring honesty, accountability and change to Washington Therefore, on the first day of my term of office, my administration will immediately pursue the following six measures to clean up the corruption and special interest collusion in Washington, DC:
接下來是我的100天行動計(jì)劃。在我就職的第一天,我的政府會立即開始執(zhí)行6條措施來清除華府的腐敗以及與特殊利益的勾結(jié)行為。
● FIRST, propose a Constitutional Amendment to impose term limits on all members of Congress;
第一,起草一項(xiàng)憲法修正案,規(guī)定國會成員的任期有上限 term limits。
● SECOND, a hiring freeze on all federal employees to reduce federal workforce through attrition(exempting military, public safety, and public health);
第二,所有政府部門停止招聘新的員工以削減開支(軍隊(duì),公共安全,公共健康部門除外)
● THIRD, a requirement that for every new federal regulation, two existing regulations must be eliminated;
第三,以后每產(chǎn)生一條新的聯(lián)邦法規(guī),必須先廢除兩條舊的。
● FOURTH, a 5 year-ban on White House and Congressional officials becoming lobbyists after they leave government service;
第四,規(guī)定所有白宮與國會官員離職5年之內(nèi)不能擔(dān)任政治說客lobbyist(公司或團(tuán)體的在政府內(nèi)部擁有關(guān)系、能為公司或團(tuán)體謀利益的人)。
● FIFTH, a lifetime ban on White House officials lobbying on behalf of a foreign government;
第五,規(guī)定所有白宮與國會官員終身不能擔(dān)任其他國家政府的政治說客lobbyist。
● SIXTH, a complete ban on foreign lobbyists raising money for American elections.第六,規(guī)定禁止其他國家的說客為美國大選籌款。
On the same day, I will begin taking the following 7 actions to protect American workers:
在同一天,我將開始執(zhí)行以下7條措施來保護(hù)美國工人:
FIRST, I will announce my intention to renegotiate NAFTA or withdraw from the deal under Article 2205
第一,宣布與NAFTA(北美自貿(mào)協(xié)定)重新談判,或者按照Article 2205文件退出協(xié)議。
SECOND, I will announce our withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership
第二,宣布退出環(huán)太平洋合作組織 TPP
THIRD, I will direct my Secretary of the Treasury to label China a currency manipulator
第三,讓財(cái)政部長標(biāo)定中國為匯率操縱國
FOURTH, I will direct the Secretary of Commerce and U.S.Trade Representative to identify all foreign trading abuses that unfairly impact American workers and direct them to use every tool under American and international law to end those abuses immediately
第四,讓商業(yè)部和美國貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)裁定所有那些對美國工人不公正的非正當(dāng)?shù)膰H貿(mào)易舉措,引導(dǎo)美國工人利用國際法和美國國內(nèi)法來終止這些不正當(dāng)?shù)馁Q(mào)易。
FIFTH, I will lift the restrictions on the production of $50 trillion dollars’ worth of job-producing American energy reserves, including shale, oil, natural gas and clean coal.第五,減輕對價(jià)值五十萬億美元的美國能源儲備(包括頁巖,天然氣,清潔煤)的生產(chǎn)活動所采取的限制
SIXTH, lift the Obama-Clinton roadblocks and allow vital energy infrastructure projects, like the Keystone Pipeline, to move forward
第六,減輕奧巴馬和克林頓對能源基建項(xiàng)目所采取的限制,讓諸如Keystone 管道計(jì)劃等項(xiàng)目能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行
SEVENTH, cancel billions in payments to U.N.climate change programs and use the money to fix America’s water and environmental infrastructure
第七,撤銷對聯(lián)合國氣候變化項(xiàng)目的高達(dá)數(shù)十億美元的資助,并將這筆資金用于修復(fù)美國水資源和環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。
Additionally, on the first day, I will take the following five actions to restore security and the constitutional rule of law:
另外,在第一天我還會采取5項(xiàng)措施來恢復(fù)安保和保障憲法:
FIRST, cancel every unconstitutional executive action, memorandum and order issued by President Obama
第一,取消所有奧巴馬頒布的 違憲的 行政命令、備忘錄和法令(order?)
SECOND, begin the process of selecting a replacement for Justice Scalia from one of the 20 judges on my list, who will uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States
第二,開始大法官篩選程序、從20個(gè)我選出的法官中選出一位Scalia大法官的替代者。該替代者會維護(hù)和保障美國憲法。
THIRD, cancel all federal funding to Sanctuary Cities
第三,取消所有對 Sanctuary Cities 收容所城市? 的聯(lián)邦資助
FOURTH, begin removing the more than2 million criminal illegal immigrants from the country and cancel visas to foreign countries that won’t take them back
第四,開始遣返大于兩百萬的非法移民罪犯。倘若對方國家不愿意接收,則取消對方國家的簽證。
FIFTH, suspend immigration from terror-prone regions where vetting cannot safely occur.All vetting of people coming into our country will be considered extreme vetting.第五,暫停從 terror-prone 有恐怖主義傾向的、且移民審查失效的國家接受移民。所有來美國的移民必須接受 極端審查 extreme vetting。
Next, I will work with Congress to introduce the following broader legislative measures and fight for their passage within the first 100 days of my Administration:
接下來,我會和國會一起采取下面這個(gè)更廣泛的立法措施,并確保其在我上任100天內(nèi)通過(國會表決)。
1.Middle Class Tax Relief And Simplification Act.An economic plan designed to grow the economy 4% per year and create at least 25 million new jobs through massive tax reduction and simplification, in combination with trade reform, regulatory relief, and lifting the restrictions on American energy.第一,中產(chǎn)階級稅務(wù)減輕和簡化法案。這是一項(xiàng)旨在通過減稅和簡化稅法使得GDP增速達(dá)到4%、產(chǎn)生兩千五百萬個(gè)新工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃。同時(shí)與之配套的還會有貿(mào)易改革、寬松法規(guī)relief 和 減輕美國能源限制等舉措
The largest tax reductions are for the middle class.A middle-class family with 2 children will get a 35% tax cut.The current number of brackets will be reduced from 7 to 3, and tax forms will likewise be greatly simplified.中產(chǎn)將得到最大的稅務(wù)減免。一個(gè)2孩的中產(chǎn)家庭會有35%的稅務(wù)減免。目前的稅務(wù)種類bucket? 會從7種減少到3種,稅表也會相應(yīng)簡化。
The business rate will be lowered from 35 to 15 percent, and the trillions of dollars of American corporate money overseas can now be brought back at a 10 percent rate.商業(yè)稅率會從35減少到15,數(shù)以萬億美元的美國企業(yè)海外資金會以10%的速度回流。
2.End The Off shoring Act.Establishes tariffs to discourage companies from laying off their workers in order to relocate in other countries and ship their products back to the U.S.tax-free.第二,停止離岸 off shoring 法案。通過設(shè)立關(guān)稅來抑制公司一些全球化的行為,比如將總部設(shè)立到海外、產(chǎn)品返運(yùn)回美國時(shí)避稅并且解雇美國本土工人。
3.American Energy &Infrastructure Act.Leverages public-private partnerships, and private investments through tax incentives, to spur $1 trillion in infrastructure investment over 10 years.It is revenue neutral.第三,美國能源與基建法案。通過稅率優(yōu)惠來爭取私營貸款,從而進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)為期10年的1萬億的基建投資???。該項(xiàng)目可以確保收支平衡。
4.School Choice And Education Opportunity Act.Redirects education dollars to gives parents the right to send their kid to the public, private, charter, magnet, religious or home school of their choice.Ends common core, brings education supervision to local communities.It expands vocational and technical education, and make 2 and4-year college more affordable.第四,學(xué)校選擇與教育機(jī)會法案。重新定向教育資金,從而使父母能有權(quán)利選擇送他們的孩子去公立、私立、教會、磁校、宗教或者家庭學(xué)校。取消 common core(The Common Core State Standards Initiative,是給全美所有都統(tǒng)一執(zhí)行的從一年級到十二年級的教學(xué)質(zhì)量評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),主要是英語和數(shù)學(xué)。川普這里想讓每個(gè)地方政府自己定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以便照顧地區(qū)差異性,而不要全國統(tǒng)一用一樣的。),將教育監(jiān)督的權(quán)利還給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)。這項(xiàng)法案會拓展 職業(yè)教育 和 技能教育,并使2年制和4年制的大學(xué)更便宜。
5.Repeal and Replace Obama care Act.Fully repeals Obama care and replaces it with Health Savings Accounts, the ability to purchase health insurance across state lines, and lets states manage Medicaid funds.Reforms will also include cutting the red tape at the FDA:there are over 4,000 drugs awaiting approval, and we especially want to speed the approval of life-saving medications.第五,撤銷和替換奧巴馬醫(yī)保 Obama care 法案。完全撤銷奧巴馬醫(yī)保,用一項(xiàng) 健康儲蓄賬戶 Health Savings Accounts替換。新的法案會讓普通人有能力在各個(gè)州購買健康保險(xiǎn),并讓各個(gè)州管理Medicaid基金。改革同樣包括精簡FDA的新藥批準(zhǔn)流程。目前有4000中藥物正在等待批準(zhǔn),我們特別希望能加速這一進(jìn)程。
6.Affordable Childcare and Eldercare Act.Allows Americans to deduct childcare and elder care from their taxes, incentivizes employers to provide on-side childcare services, and creates tax-free Dependent Care Savings Accounts for both young and elderly dependents, with matching contributions for low-income families.第六,可負(fù)擔(dān)的兒童保障和老年人保障法案。兒童保障和老年人保障將可用于抵稅,從而鼓勵員工提供on-side? 兒童保障服務(wù)。同時(shí)設(shè)立免稅的、針對年輕和年邁的受扶養(yǎng)人的 保障儲蓄賬戶Dependent Care Savings Accounts。
7.End Illegal Immigration Act.Fully-funds the construction of a wall on our southern border with the full understanding that the country Mexico will be reimbursing the United States for the full cost of such wall;establishes a 2-year mandatory minimum federal prison sentence for illegally re-entering the U.S.after a previous deportation, and a 5-year mandatory minimum for illegally re-entering for those with felony convictions, multiple misdemeanor convictions or two or more prior deportations;also reforms visa rules to enhance penalties for overstaying and to ensure open jobs are offered to American workers first.第七,撤銷非法移民法案。全力資助南部邊境的隔離墻的修建,并確保墨西哥會補(bǔ)償美國的修墻支出。對于再次非法入境美國的非法移民,強(qiáng)制至少2年聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄服刑。對于再次非法入境美國的重罪、多次犯罪、多次遞解出境的罪犯,強(qiáng)制至少5年聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄服刑。同時(shí)改革簽證法規(guī),加重對于超期滯留的處罰,并保證有新的工作機(jī)會時(shí),美國工人被首先考慮。
8.Restoring Community Safety Act.Reduces surging crime, drugs and violence by creating a Task Force On Violent Crime and increasing funding for programs that train and assist local police;increases resources for federal law enforcement agencies and federal prosecutors to dismantle criminal gangs and put violent offenders behind bars.第八,恢復(fù)社區(qū)安全法案。建立 專項(xiàng)工作組 來減少犯罪、販毒、暴力行為,增加項(xiàng)目支出用以訓(xùn)練和協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)鼐?。增加警員數(shù)量來瓦解犯罪團(tuán)伙,監(jiān)禁罪犯。
9.Restoring National Security Act.Rebuilds our military by eliminating the defense sequester and expanding military investment;provides Veterans with the ability to receive public VAtreatment or attend the private doctor of their choice;protects our vital infrastructure from cyber-attack;establishes new screening procedures for immigration to ensure those who are admitted to our country support our people and our values.第九,恢復(fù)國家安全法案。減少 國際協(xié)防支出defense sequester??, 增加軍事投入,重建軍力。為退伍軍人提供公共VA treatment(專門的管理退伍老兵的機(jī)構(gòu)(Department of Veterans Affairs),老兵醫(yī)療服務(wù)一般就是VA treatment,由專門的VA醫(yī)療服務(wù)中心提供)。加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全建設(shè)。建立新的移民篩選機(jī)制,保證新移民能夠支持我們的人民和價(jià)值觀。
10.Clean up Corruption in Washington Act.Enacts new ethics reforms to Drain the Swamp and reduce the corrupting influence of special interests on our politics.第十,反貪腐法案。通過新的 職業(yè)道德規(guī)范改革 ethics reform ?? 來清除不良風(fēng)氣,減少特殊利益集團(tuán)對我國政治的影響。
On November 8th, Americans will be voting for this 100-day plan to restore prosperity to our economy, security to our communities, and honesty to our government.在十一月八號,美國人民會為我這100天計(jì)劃投票,來重新恢復(fù)我們國家經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,社區(qū)安全和政府誠信。
This is my pledge to you.這是我對你們的誓約
And if we follow these steps, we will once more have a government of, by and for the people.如果我們按計(jì)劃執(zhí)行這些步驟,我們會再次擁有民有、民治、民享的政府。
第二篇:葛底斯堡演講
葛底斯堡演講 美國總統(tǒng)林肯
如果說葛底斯堡演講是人類歷史上最著名的一篇演講,也許不能算太過分。它是1863年美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的轉(zhuǎn)折性戰(zhàn)役——葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役之后四個(gè)月,林肯應(yīng)邀來到新建的葛底斯堡國家烈士公墓落成儀式上的講話。這篇演講只有258個(gè)英文單詞,林肯只講了三分鐘。在林肯講話之前還有一個(gè)口才出眾的家伙足足講了兩個(gè)小時(shí),不過現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒有人知道他講些什么了。這篇講話是美國歷史上重要的政治文獻(xiàn),林肯在演講中歸納的“民有、民治、民享(of the people、by the people、for the people)”的口號被美國人認(rèn)為是對其政府性質(zhì)的最佳概括。此外,它還是一篇行文流暢、文筆優(yōu)美的散文,可謂字字珠璣,飽含深情。但遺憾的是,據(jù)我所見國內(nèi)的好幾種譯本,都不盡如人意,未能反映原文的神韻。于是不揣冒昧,根據(jù)自己的理解,參照國內(nèi)幾種譯本,將原文重新譯了一下。為了體現(xiàn)一篇演講稿的特點(diǎn),又按照朗讀的節(jié)奏將其編排成散文詩的體例。讀者若能先看看《關(guān)于林肯的后話》中林肯對美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的理解,再觀其文,復(fù)讀其韻,相信必能漸入佳境,體會到這篇偉大演講的妙處。
八十七年前,我們的祖先
在這塊大陸上,建立了一個(gè)新的國家。
它孕育于自由之中,致力于
一個(gè)理想——
人人生而平等。
現(xiàn)在,我們正從事一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗(yàn)
我們的國家,或任何一個(gè)在自由中孕育
并致力于平等的國家,能否長存。
今天,我們在這個(gè)偉大的戰(zhàn)場上相聚,將這戰(zhàn)場的一部分土地
奉獻(xiàn)給那些為國捐軀的人們,作為安息之所
——這乃是我們的職責(zé)和本分。
但是,捫心自問,對這樣一塊土地,我們不能,也不配
——把它奉獻(xiàn)
——令其崇高
——使之偉大
因?yàn)?,曾在此地作?zhàn)的英勇將士,無論存亡,早已把它變得神圣,遠(yuǎn)非我們的力量所能增減。
世界不會留意也不會永遠(yuǎn)記住我們在此所說的話,但決不會忘記他們在此所立的功績。
我們這些存活在世上的人,應(yīng)將自己
奉獻(xiàn)給在此作戰(zhàn)的將士們所努力而未完成的工作。
我們應(yīng)將自己
奉獻(xiàn)給當(dāng)前偉大的事業(yè)——
由這些光榮的陣亡者,我們應(yīng)該獲得對正義更深的信仰,因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)為正義貢獻(xiàn)了最大的犧牲。
烈士們的血不會白流,它必將——
使我們的國家,在上帝的引導(dǎo)下,重獲自由的新生,并使這民有、民治、民享的政府,不致滅亡——
英文原文:
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE DEDICATION OF THE CEMETERY AT GETTYSBURGFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent , a new nation , conceived in Liberty , and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war , testing whether that nation , or any nation so conceived and so dedicated , can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field , as a final resting place for those who have gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But , in a large sense , we can not dedicate——we can not
consecrate——we can not hallow——this ground.the brave men , living and dead , who struggled here , have consecrated it , far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note , nor long remember what we say here , but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living , rather , to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus for so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us——that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion——we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have dead in vain——that this nation , under God , shall have a new birth of freedom——and that government of the people , by the people , for the people , shall not perish from the earth.后記:人間的基督
林肯當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)以后,還有三個(gè)月才正式就任。在這三個(gè)月內(nèi),南卡羅萊、密西西比、佛羅里達(dá)、亞拉巴馬、佐治亞、路易斯安娜、德科薩斯等七個(gè)州宣布退出聯(lián)邦,而臺上的民主黨總統(tǒng)則對此掙一只眼閉一只眼,既不承認(rèn)南方的獨(dú)立,也不采取實(shí)際行動,把全部問題留給林肯解決。所以當(dāng)林肯前往華盛頓就職的時(shí)候,交到他手里的已經(jīng)是一個(gè)陷于分裂、混亂,瀕臨戰(zhàn)爭邊緣的國家——美利堅(jiān)合眾國在成立85年后,走到了它生死存亡的關(guān)頭。這是這個(gè)國家從未面臨過的考驗(yàn),正如后來內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后林肯在國會所做的演講中所的:
“我們的民主政府通常被稱為一種試驗(yàn)。其中有兩點(diǎn)我們的人民已經(jīng)解決了——成功的建立政府和成功的管理政府。還有一點(diǎn)尚未解決——在有人拼命的試圖推翻政府的時(shí)候,成功的維護(hù)政府?,F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是向世界證明,那些能夠公開進(jìn)行一場選舉的人,也能夠平息一場叛亂。??這將是和平的偉大訓(xùn)誡:教導(dǎo)人們,他們通過選舉不能得到的東西,通過戰(zhàn)爭同樣不能得到?!?/p>
也就是說,在林肯看來,盡管這場戰(zhàn)爭因奴隸制而起,但真正的意義卻在檢驗(yàn)人類歷史上第一個(gè)根據(jù)自由、平等的理想建立起來的國家,能否經(jīng)受住戰(zhàn)爭的考驗(yàn),以證明民主政府不僅“應(yīng)該”在世界上出現(xiàn),而且“能夠”長久的存在下去。從而證明,關(guān)于民主、自由、平等的理論,并非知識分子們不切實(shí)際的幻想,而是人類可以合理期待其成為現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)。
當(dāng)然,由于戰(zhàn)爭因奴隸制而起,并最后徹底摧毀了奴隸制,所以它肯定又是一場人類自由理想與罪惡的奴隸制度的戰(zhàn)爭。從更普遍的角度來理解,它更是一場反對分裂、維護(hù)國家統(tǒng)一的戰(zhàn)爭。
所以,這場即將爆發(fā)的戰(zhàn)爭,關(guān)系著人類的政治理想、基本的道德準(zhǔn)則和一個(gè)新國家的民族感情等深刻的歷史命題,林肯面臨的任務(wù)艱巨、復(fù)雜而又充滿著危險(xiǎn)。
當(dāng)1861年2月11日林肯起身奔赴華盛頓的時(shí)候,火車站臺上擠滿了前來送別的人群。大家臉上完全沒有歡送一位即將上任的總統(tǒng)的興奮,而是情緒低落、感情憂郁——國家元首就在面前,而這個(gè)國家卻已經(jīng)分裂,民族的感情也已經(jīng)分裂了,甚至還有很多家庭也因此而分裂了。林肯站在月臺上,低垂著腦袋,臉上露出悲痛憂傷的表情。他本來沒有準(zhǔn)備發(fā)表演講,但終于忍不住即興說了一段告別的話,感人至深:
“我的朋友們,任何人不是在我的處境下,都不能體會我現(xiàn)在的憂傷之情。我在這里生活了四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì),從一個(gè)青年變成一個(gè)老人。我的四個(gè)孩子都出生在這里,其中一個(gè)還埋葬在這里?,F(xiàn)在我要走了,去做這個(gè)國家的總統(tǒng),擺在我面前的任務(wù)比當(dāng)年華盛頓所面臨的任務(wù)還要重大。我不知道什么時(shí)候才能回來,也不知道是否還能夠回來??我向你們親切的道別?!?/p>
他終于上任了,上任的第一道命令就是向全國征集七萬五千名民兵。這個(gè)也許是全世界最具有悲天憫人情懷的人,他連一只掉進(jìn)泥潭的小豬都要跳進(jìn)去把它救出來,不然就會受到良心的責(zé)備,“對任何人都不懷惡意,對一切人都懷抱寬容(第二次就職演說)”,卻被歷史、被國家、被命運(yùn)推上了一個(gè)殘酷的舞臺,不得不親自發(fā)動并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一場奪走60萬人生命的瘋狂的大廝殺。國家的正義和人性的正義,對民族的熱愛和對生命的熱愛,在他那顆過于柔弱的心臟中永不停歇的斗爭,給他帶來了怎樣的痛苦和煎熬??!他曾經(jīng)多次巡視戰(zhàn)場,每一次周圍的人們都會看見他留下傷心的淚水。他曾經(jīng)走到一個(gè)年輕的戰(zhàn)士的遺體旁,嗚咽著說:“我的孩子!難道真的要付出這樣的犧牲嗎?我的孩子!”他曾經(jīng)嚴(yán)厲警告前線的指揮官:“我在任何情況下都絕對不能容忍槍斃18歲以下的士兵?!彼€曾經(jīng)一次次毫無理由的在死刑特赦令上簽字:“我決定赦免這個(gè)逃兵的死刑。”“如果還沒有槍斃巴尼的話,請赦免他。”“我看不出槍斃他有什么好處,讓他離開軍隊(duì)吧。”有時(shí)甚至令將軍們感到惱怒,責(zé)怪他讓他們無法嚴(yán)肅軍
紀(jì)??
總之,他是人類歷史上從未出現(xiàn)過的那種戰(zhàn)爭統(tǒng)帥。
當(dāng)然,作為一位總統(tǒng),他知道自己擔(dān)負(fù)的是怎樣的責(zé)任,知道自己只能做出怎樣的痛苦的抉擇。就像他在第二次就職演說中所言:
“我們天真的希望、熱忱的祈求,這場戰(zhàn)爭的浩劫能夠迅速的過去。但是,如果上帝的旨意是讓戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)下去,直到奴隸們用250年來的無償勞動所積累起來的一切財(cái)富都化為灰燼,直到用鞭子抽出來的每一滴血都要用刀砍出來的另一滴血來償還,那么3000年前人們說過的一句話,我們也必須重復(fù)一遍:上帝的裁判總是正確和正義的?!?/p>
在戰(zhàn)爭最慘烈的時(shí)候,他力排眾議,堅(jiān)決的再向全國招募50萬志愿軍投入戰(zhàn)場,不惜任何代價(jià)取得戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。而戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以后,他又力排眾議,給出了人類戰(zhàn)爭史上對叛亂者最寬松的處理辦法:南軍士兵交出武器,就地遣散,他們原來的土地和財(cái)產(chǎn)將得到憲法的保護(hù),甚至連戰(zhàn)馬也可以牽回家作農(nóng)耕之用;南軍將領(lǐng)保留軍銜,仍然可以在聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)服役;除了南部聯(lián)盟“總統(tǒng)”戴維斯等少數(shù)幾個(gè)叛亂首領(lǐng)外,南方所有參加叛亂的人全部赦免,擁有憲法規(guī)定的所有權(quán)利;南方各州的設(shè)置和政府結(jié)構(gòu)保持不變,各州政府仍將由本州人民選舉產(chǎn)生,恢復(fù)南方在國會兩院中的席位。而且,在實(shí)際上,為了照顧南方人民的感情,林肯在會見聯(lián)軍總司令塔蘭特時(shí)給他講了一個(gè)小故事:
“當(dāng)我在印第安納還是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候,一天清晨走進(jìn)一個(gè)鄰居家,看見一個(gè)小男孩用繩子牽著一頭浣熊,我問他這是干什么,他說:‘昨晚我爸爸抓了六只浣熊,除了這只外,其余五只都?xì)⒌袅?。爸爸叫我看著他,直到他回來,我真?dān)心他會把這一只也殺掉。亞伯,我真希望它跑掉?。 悄銥槭裁床话阉抛吣??’‘那不行,如果那樣,爸爸會打死我的。不過,假如它自己跑掉,那就什么事也沒了?!?/p>
塔蘭特將軍當(dāng)然心領(lǐng)神會。于是,聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)在捉拿叛亂首領(lǐng)的時(shí)候故意放水,讓他們“自己跑掉”了。所以,實(shí)際上對叛亂各州的懲罰是:沒有懲罰,反而可以獲得北方大量的戰(zhàn)后援助物資。
然而,他的遠(yuǎn)見無法為普通人所理解,國會不愿意通過這樣寬大的決議,他們想好好的懲罰一下“犯上作亂”的南方,甚至建議在南方取消州的建制,建立軍管區(qū),實(shí)行軍事管制。就在這懸而未決的時(shí)刻,悲劇發(fā)生了:1865年4月15日,距離南軍投降僅6天,林肯在華盛頓的福特劇院遇刺,刺客是一個(gè)叫約翰·布思的南方極端主義分子。他的頭部受了致命的傷,被六個(gè)士兵抬著放到劇院附近一個(gè)裁縫家里的床上,一路上撒下了他的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)血跡,染紅了街道。4月16日的臨晨7點(diǎn)22分的時(shí)候,他停止了心跳,醫(yī)生在他的眼睛上放了兩塊硬幣,以讓他的眼睛能夠閉上。守候在旁邊的國防部長斯坦頓放下窗簾遮住清晨的陽光——跟約翰·布朗一樣,他在太陽升起的時(shí)候離開了世界,遺憾的是,他沒來得及說:“這是一個(gè)多么美麗的國家!”
——林肯死了。他寬恕了他所有的敵人,他反對向叛亂分子尋求報(bào)復(fù),他說:“戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了,我們不要再去劃分什么南北方了?!倍约海瑓s在拯救了民主、拯救了自由、拯救了國家之后,作為一個(gè)殉難者倒下了。就像彼得·埃克斯的布道、就像約翰·布朗的遺言、就像他的第二次就職演說——他用鮮血,用自己的鮮血,洗滌了這個(gè)國土上的罪惡。
在他死后,因?yàn)樗劳鰩淼母星樯系奶栒倭?,國會迅速通過了他提出的大部分處理辦法。直到很久以后,人們才看清楚,這些寬容的處理對于化解雙方因戰(zhàn)
爭帶來的仇恨,彌合這個(gè)民族因?yàn)榛ハ鄰P殺而帶來的感情分裂,具有多么巨大的作用。
《圣經(jīng)》上說,人都是有罪的,要受到上帝的懲罰。人子基督來到世間,勸人向善,卻遭到世人的仇視。但他從不心存報(bào)復(fù),從不對任何人懷有怨恨,他說:“太陽照好人,也照壞人;上帝愛好人,也愛壞人?!弊詈?,他被釘死在十字架上,用自己的血來替那些仇視他的世人贖了罪,讓他們得到上帝寬恕。這真是一個(gè)神秘的預(yù)言,林肯的命運(yùn),正像一個(gè)受難的基督。
最愛的一篇演講,背的時(shí)候仿佛回到過去那個(gè)充滿激情與希望的年代,慷慨激昂
第三篇:特朗普百日新政“葛底斯堡演說”全文中英文對照
特朗普百日新政“葛底斯堡演說”全文
Gettysburg, PA: Today, in historic Gettysburg, PA, Donald J.Trump presented a game-changing plan for his first 100 days in office.This revolutionary “Contract with the American Voter” will ensure that America’s economy is revitalized and citizens are protected.今天(22日),在葛底斯堡Gettysburg,PA,特朗普發(fā)布了他的革命性的入主白宮100天計(jì)劃.這個(gè)名為“我與廣大美國選民的契約”將會保證重振美國經(jīng)濟(jì),確保國民安全。
“I’m not a politician, and have never wanted to be one.But when I saw the trouble our country was in, I knew I couldn’t stand by and watch any longer.Our country has been so good to me, I love our country, I felt I had to act,” said Mr.Trump in his address.“我從來不是,也不想成為一個(gè)政客。但當(dāng)我看見我們國家的問題的時(shí)候,我知道我無法再袖手旁觀了。我們的祖國曾經(jīng)施惠于我,我愛她,我感到我必須行動起來。
“Change has to come from outside this broken system.The fact that the Washington establishment has tried so hard to stop our campaign is only more proof that our campaign represents the kind of change that only arrives once in a lifetime,” he continued.“變革必須來自這個(gè)崩塌的系統(tǒng)的外部,而我的競選能夠代表這種一生難得的變革。建制派對我的競選的瘋狂抵制就是明證。
“I am asking the American people to rise above the noise and the clutter of our broken politics, and to embrace that great faith and optimism that has always been the central ingredient in the American character.I am asking you to dream big.我呼吁,美國人民從當(dāng)下政治的嘈雜和凌亂中探起頭來,一起擁護(hù)美國精神的中流砥柱—偉大的信仰和樂觀精神。我懇請大家(對國家)有遠(yuǎn)大的愿景。
“What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again.It is a contract between Donald J.Trump and the American voter – and begins with restoring honesty, accountability and change to Washington,” he concluded.接下來就是我的100天計(jì)劃to Make America Great Again.這是特朗普和所有美國選民的關(guān)于重塑華府誠信、責(zé)任和革新的契約。
DONALD J.TRUMP CONTRACT WITH THE AMERICAN VOTER
唐納德特朗普與美國選民的契約
What follows is my 100-day action plan to Make America Great Again.It is a contract between myself and the American voter – and begins with restoring honesty, accountability and change to Washington Therefore, on the first day of my term of office, my administration will immediately pursue the following six measures to clean up the corruption and special interest collusion in Washington, DC:
接下來是我的100天行動計(jì)劃。在我就職的第一天,我的政府會立即開始執(zhí)行6條措施來清除華府的腐敗和特殊利益勾結(jié)。
FIRST, propose a Constitutional Amendment to impose term limits on all members of Congress;
第一,起草一項(xiàng)憲法修正案,規(guī)定國會成員的任期有上限term limits
SECOND, a hiring freeze on all federal employees to reduce federal workforce through attrition(exempting military, public safety, and public health);
第二,所有政府部門停止招聘新的員工以削減開支(軍隊(duì),公共安全,公共健康部門除外)
THIRD, a requirement that for every new federal regulation, two existing regulations must be eliminated;
第三,以后每產(chǎn)生一條新的聯(lián)邦法規(guī),必須先廢除兩條舊的。
FOURTH, a 5 year-ban on White House and Congressional officials becoming lobbyists after they leave government service;
第四,規(guī)定所有白宮與國會官員離職5年之內(nèi)不能擔(dān)任政治說客lobbyist(公司或團(tuán)體的在政府內(nèi)部擁有關(guān)系、能為公司或團(tuán)體謀利益的人)。
FIFTH, a lifetime ban on White House officials lobbying on behalf of a foreign government;
第五,規(guī)定所有白宮與國會官員終身不能擔(dān)任其他國家政府的政治說客lobbyist。
SIXTH, a complete ban on foreign lobbyists raising money for American elections.第六,規(guī)定禁止其他國家的說客為美國大選籌款。
On the same day, I will begin taking the following 7 actions to protect American workers:
在同一天,我將開始執(zhí)行以下7條措施來保護(hù)美國工人:
FIRST, I will announce my intention to renegotiate NAFTA or withdraw from the deal under Article 2205
第一,宣布與NAFTA重新談判、或者按照Article 2205文件退出協(xié)議。
SECOND, I will announce our withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership
第二,宣布退出環(huán)太平洋合作組織TPP
THIRD, I will direct my Secretary of the Treasury to label China a currency manipulator
第三,讓財(cái)政部長標(biāo)定中國為匯率操縱國
FOURTH, I will direct the Secretary of Commerce and U.S.Trade Representative to identify all foreign trading abuses that unfairly impact American workers and direct them to use every tool under American and international law to end those abuses immediately
第四,讓商業(yè)部和美國貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)裁定所有那些對美國工人不公正的非正當(dāng)?shù)膰H貿(mào)易舉措,引導(dǎo)美國工人利用美國的國際法來終止這些不正當(dāng)?shù)馁Q(mào)易。
FIFTH, I will lift the restrictions on the production of $50 trillion dollars’ worth of job-producing American energy reserves, including shale, oil, natural gas and clean coal.第五,減輕對價(jià)值五十萬億美元的美國能源儲備生產(chǎn)活動所采取的限制,包括頁巖,天然氣,清潔煤
SIXTH, lift the Obama-Clinton roadblocks and allow vital energy infrastructure projects, like the Keystone Pipeline, to move forward
第六,減輕奧巴馬和克林頓對能源基建項(xiàng)目所采取的限制,比如keystone 管道計(jì)劃
SEVENTH, cancel billions in payments to U.N.climate change programs and use the money to fix America’s water and environmental infrastructure
第七,撤銷對聯(lián)合國氣候變化項(xiàng)目的高達(dá)十億美元的資助,并將這筆資金用于修復(fù)美國水資源和環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。
Additionally, on the first day, I will take the following five actions to restore security and the constitutional rule of law:
另外,在第一天我還會采取5項(xiàng)措施來恢復(fù)安保和保障憲法:
FIRST, cancel every unconstitutional executive action, memorandum and order issued by President Obama
第一,取消所有奧巴馬發(fā)出的違憲的決策(?)、備忘錄和法令(order?)
SECOND, begin the process of selecting a replacement for Justice Scalia from one of the 20 judges on my list, who will uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States 第二,開始大法官篩選程序、從20個(gè)我選出的法官中選出一位Scalia大法官的替代者。該替代者會維護(hù)和保障美國憲法。
THIRD, cancel all federal funding to Sanctuary Cities
第三,取消所有對Santuary Cities 收容所城市?的聯(lián)邦資助
FOURTH, begin removing the more than 2 million criminal illegal immigrants from the country and cancel visas to foreign countries that won’t take them back
第四,開始遣返大于兩百萬的非法移民罪犯。倘若對方國家不愿意接收,則取消對方國家的簽證。
FIFTH, suspend immigration from terror-prone regions where vetting cannot safely occur.All vetting of people coming into our country will be considered extreme vetting.第五,暫停從terror-prone 有恐怖主義傾向的、且移民審查失效的國家接受移民。所有來美國的移民必須接受極端審查extreme vetting。
Next, I will work with Congress to introduce the following broader legislative measures and fight for their passage within the first 100 days of my Administration:
接下來,我會和國會一起采取下面這個(gè)更廣泛的立法措施,并確保其在我上任100天內(nèi)通過(國會表決)。
1.Middle Class Tax Relief And Simplification Act.An economic plan designed to grow the economy 4% per year and create at least 25 million new jobs through massive tax reduction and simplification, in combination with trade reform, regulatory relief, and lifting the restrictions on American energy.第一,中產(chǎn)階級稅務(wù)減輕和簡化法案。這是一項(xiàng)旨在通過減稅和簡化稅法使得GDP增速達(dá)到4%、產(chǎn)生兩千五百萬個(gè)新工作的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃。同時(shí)與之配套的還會有貿(mào)易改革、寬松法規(guī)relief 和減輕美國能源限制等舉措
The largest tax reductions are for the middle class.A middle-class family with 2 children will get a 35% tax cut.The current number of brackets will be reduced from 7 to 3, and tax forms will likewise be greatly simplified.中產(chǎn)將得到最大的稅務(wù)減免。一個(gè)2孩的中產(chǎn)家庭會有35%的稅務(wù)減免。目前的稅務(wù)種類bucket?會從7種減少到3種,稅表也會相應(yīng)簡化。
The business rate will be lowered from 35 to 15 percent, and the trillions of dollars of American corporate money overseas can now be brought back at a 10 percent rate.商業(yè)稅率會從35減少到15,數(shù)以萬億美元的美國企業(yè)海外資金會以10%的速度回流。
2.End The Offshoring Act.Establishes tariffs to discourage companies from laying off their workers in order to relocate in other countries and ship their products back to the U.S.tax-free.第二,停止離岸offshoring 法案。通過設(shè)立關(guān)稅來抑制公司一些全球化的行為,比如將總部設(shè)立到海外、產(chǎn)品返運(yùn)回美國時(shí)避稅并且解雇美國本土工人。
3.American Energy & Infrastructure Act.Leverages public-private partnerships, and private investments through tax incentives, to spur $1 trillion in infrastructure investment over 10 years.It is revenue neutral.第三,美國能源與基建法案。通過稅率優(yōu)惠來爭取私營貸款,從而進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)為期10年的1萬億的基建投資(?)該項(xiàng)目可以確保收支平衡。
4.School Choice And Education Opportunity Act.Redirects education dollars to gives parents the right to send their kid to the public, private, charter, magnet, religious or home school of their choice.Ends common core, brings education supervision to local communities.It expands vocational and technical education,and make 2 and 4-year college more affordable.第四,學(xué)校選擇與教育機(jī)會法案。重新定向教育資金,從而使父母能有權(quán)利選擇送他們的孩子去公立、私立、教會、磁校、宗教或者家庭學(xué)校。取消common core(The Common Core State Standards Initiative,是給全美所有都統(tǒng)一執(zhí)行的從一年級到十二年級的教學(xué)質(zhì)量評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),主要是英語和數(shù)學(xué)。川普這里想讓每個(gè)地方政府自己定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以便照顧地區(qū)差異性,而不要全國統(tǒng)一用一樣的。),將教育監(jiān)督的權(quán)利還給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)。這項(xiàng)法案會拓展職業(yè)教育和技能教育,并使2年制和4年制的大學(xué)更便宜。
5.Repeal and Replace Obamacare Act.Fully repeals Obamacare and replaces it with Health Savings Accounts, the ability to purchase health insurance across state lines, and lets states manage Medicaid funds.Reforms will also include cutting the red tape at the FDA: there are over 4,000 drugs awaiting approval, and we especially want to speed the approval of life-saving medications.第五,撤銷和替換奧巴馬醫(yī)保Obamacare 法案。完全撤銷奧巴馬醫(yī)保,用一項(xiàng)健康儲蓄賬戶Health Savings Accounts替換。新的法案會讓普通人有能力在各個(gè)州購買健康保險(xiǎn),并讓各個(gè)州管理Medicaid基金。改革同樣包括精簡FDA的新藥批準(zhǔn)流程。目前有4000中藥物正在等待批準(zhǔn),我們特別希望能加速這一過程。
6.Affordable Childcare and Eldercare Act.Allows Americans to deduct childcare and elder care from their taxes, incentivizes employers to provide on-side childcare services, and creates tax-free Dependent Care Savings Accounts for both young and elderly dependents, with matching contributions for low-income families.第六,可負(fù)擔(dān)的兒童保障和老年人保障法案。兒童保障和老年人保障將可用于抵稅,從而鼓勵員工提供on-side?兒童保障服務(wù)。同時(shí)設(shè)立免稅的、針對年輕和年邁的受扶養(yǎng)人的保障儲蓄賬戶Dependent Care Savings Accounts。
7.End Illegal Immigration Act.Fully-funds the construction of a wall on our southern border with the full understanding that the country Mexico will be reimbursing the United States for the full cost of such wall;establishes a 2-year mandatory minimum federal prison sentence for illegally re-entering the U.S.after a previous deportation, and a 5-year mandatory minimum for illegally re-entering for those with felony convictions, multiple misdemeanor convictions or two or more prior deportations;also reforms visa rules to enhance penalties for overstaying and to ensure open jobs are offered to American workers first.第七,撤銷非法移民法案。全力資助南部邊境的隔離墻的修建,并確保墨西哥會補(bǔ)償美國的修墻支出。對于再次非法入境美國的,強(qiáng)制至少2年聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄服刑。對于再次非法入境美國的重罪、多次犯罪、多次遞解出境的罪犯,強(qiáng)制至少5年聯(lián)邦監(jiān)獄服刑。同時(shí)改革簽證法規(guī),加重對于超期滯留的處罰,并保證有新的工作機(jī)會時(shí),美國工人被首先考慮。
8.Restoring Community Safety Act.Reduces surging crime, drugs and violence by creating a Task Force On Violent Crime and increasing funding for programs that train and assist local police;increases resources for federal law enforcement agencies and federal prosecutors to dismantle criminal gangs and put violent offenders behind bars.第八,恢復(fù)社區(qū)安全法案。建立專項(xiàng)武裝部隊(duì)來減少犯罪、販毒、暴力行為,增加項(xiàng)目支出用以訓(xùn)練和協(xié)助當(dāng)?shù)鼐?。增加警員數(shù)量來瓦解犯罪團(tuán)伙,監(jiān)禁罪犯。
9.Restoring National Security Act.Rebuilds our military by eliminating the defense sequester and expanding military investment;provides Veterans with the ability to receive public VA treatment or attend the private doctor of their choice;protects our vital infrastructure from cyber-attack;establishes new screening procedures for immigration to ensure those who are admitted to our country support our people and our values.第九,恢復(fù)國家安全法案。減少協(xié)防支出??增加軍事投入,重建軍力。為退伍軍人提供公共VA treatment(專門的管理退伍老兵的機(jī)構(gòu)(Department of Veterans Affairs),老兵醫(yī)療服務(wù)一般就是VA treatment,由專門的VA醫(yī)療服務(wù)中心提供)。加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全建設(shè)。建立新的移民篩選機(jī)制,保證新移民能夠支持我們的人民和價(jià)值觀。
10.Clean up Corruption in Washington Act.Enacts new ethics reforms to Drain the Swamp and reduce the corrupting influence of special interests on our politics.第十,反貪腐法案。通過新的職業(yè)道德規(guī)范改革ethics reform ?? 來清除不良風(fēng)氣,減少特殊利益集團(tuán)對我國政治的影響。
On November 8th, Americans will be voting for this 100-day plan to restore prosperity to our economy, security to our communities, and honesty to our government.在十一月8號,美國人民會為我這100天計(jì)劃投票,來重新恢復(fù)我們國家經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮,社區(qū)安全和政府誠信。
This is my pledge to you.這是我對你們的誓約
And if we follow these steps, we will once more have a government of, by and for the people.如果我們按計(jì)劃執(zhí)行這些步驟,我們會再次擁有民有、民治、民享的政府。
第四篇:林肯葛底斯堡演講 中英文
在八十七年前,我們的國父們在這塊土地上創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的國家,乃基于對自由的堅(jiān)信,并致力于所有人皆生而平等的信念。Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.當(dāng)下吾等被卷入一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗(yàn)是否此國度,或任何肇基于和奉獻(xiàn)于斯者,可永垂不朽。吾等現(xiàn)相逢于此戰(zhàn)中一處浩大戰(zhàn)場。而吾等將奉獻(xiàn)此戰(zhàn)場之部分,作為這群交付彼者生命讓那國度勉能生存的人們最后安息之處。此乃全然妥切且適當(dāng)而為吾人應(yīng)行之舉。
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battle field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives to that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.但,于更大意義之上,吾等無法致力、無法奉上、無法成就此土之圣。這群勇者,無論生死,曾于斯奮戰(zhàn)到底,早已使其神圣,而遠(yuǎn)超過吾人卑微之力所能增 減。這世間不曾絲毫留意,也不長久記得吾等于斯所言,但永不忘懷彼人于此所為。吾等生者,理應(yīng)當(dāng)然,獻(xiàn)身于此輩鞠躬盡瘁之未完大業(yè)。吾等在此責(zé)無旁貸獻(xiàn)身 于眼前之偉大使命:自光榮的亡者之處吾人肩起其終極之奉獻(xiàn)—吾等在此答應(yīng)亡者之死當(dāng)非徒然—此國度,于神佑之下,當(dāng)享有自由之新生—民有、民治、民享之政府當(dāng)免于凋零。
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
第五篇:林肯的葛底斯堡演講
林肯的葛底斯堡演講
亞伯拉罕.林肯
Abraham Lincoln 亞伯拉罕.林肯(1809-1865),美國第十六任總統(tǒng)(1861-1865)。他自修法律,以反對奴隸制的綱領(lǐng)當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致南方諸州脫離聯(lián)邦。在由此引起的南北戰(zhàn)爭(1861-1865)中,他作為總統(tǒng),發(fā)揮了美國歷史上最有效、最鼓舞人心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用,以其堅(jiān)定的信念、深遠(yuǎn)的眼光和完美無缺的政治手腕,成功地引導(dǎo)一個(gè)處于分裂的國家度過了其歷史上流血最多的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),從而換救了聯(lián)邦。他致力于推進(jìn)全人類的民主、自由和平等,以最雄辯的語言闡述了人道主義的思想,不失時(shí)機(jī)地發(fā)表《解放黑奴宣言》,因而被后人尊稱為“偉大的解放者”。林肯不僅是一個(gè)偉大的總統(tǒng),更是一個(gè)偉人。他出生于社會低層,具有勤勞簡樸、謙虛和誠懇的美德。在美國歷屆總統(tǒng)中,林肯堪稱是最平易近人的一位。林肯的著作主要是演講詞和書信,以樸素莊嚴(yán)、觀點(diǎn)明確、思想豐富、表達(dá)靈活、適應(yīng)對象并具有特殊的美國風(fēng)味見稱。此篇演講是美國文學(xué)中最漂亮、最富有詩意的文章之一。雖然這是一篇慶祝軍事勝利的演說,但它沒有好戰(zhàn)之氣。相反,這是一篇感人肺腑的頌辭,贊美那些作出最后犧牲的人們,以及他們?yōu)橹I(xiàn)身的那些理想。其中“政府應(yīng)為民有、民治、民享”的名言被人們廣為傳頌。
八十七年前,我們先輩在這個(gè)大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新國家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生來平等的原則。
我們正從事一場偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以考驗(yàn)這個(gè)國家,或者任何一個(gè)孕育于自由和奉行上述原則的國家是否能夠長久存在下去。我們在這場戰(zhàn)爭中的一個(gè)偉大戰(zhàn)場上集會。烈士們?yōu)槭惯@個(gè)國家能夠生存下去而獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命,我們來到這里,是要把這個(gè)戰(zhàn)場的一部分奉獻(xiàn)給他們作為最后安息之所。我們這樣做是完全應(yīng)該而且非常恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
但是,從更廣泛的意義上說,這塊土地我們不能夠奉獻(xiàn),不能夠圣化,不能夠神化。那些曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的勇士們,活著的和去世的,已經(jīng)把這塊土地圣化了,這遠(yuǎn)不是我們微薄的力量所能增減的。我們今天在這里所說的話,全世界不大會注意,也不會長久地記住,但勇士們在這里所做過的事,全世界卻永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記。毋寧說,倒是我們這些還活著的人,應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻(xiàn)于勇士們已經(jīng)如此崇高地向前推進(jìn)但尚未完成的事業(yè)。倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自已奉獻(xiàn)于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)——我們要從這些光榮的死者身上吸取更多的獻(xiàn)身精神,來完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的事業(yè);我們要在這里下定最大的決心,不讓這些死者白白犧牲;我們要使國家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府永世長存。