第一篇：1文章貫通四級詞匯(中英對照)

15篇文章貫通四級詞匯(中英對照)15篇文章貫通四級詞匯

1、A Question of Rights [一項(xiàng)權(quán)利問題] Unfortunately , a crime was about to be committed but at that moment Lesley was unaware of the impending(即將發(fā)生的,迫近的)event , which would affect her life so drastically(極端地,徹底地)for the next years.一項(xiàng)犯罪就要得逞了。而不幸的是，就在那時，萊斯利對即將發(fā)生的事毫無察覺。這件事將徹底改變她此后兩年的生活。

For the moment at least, her holiday at the cottage had been ideal.She had spent many idle hours relaxing on the deck , reading ,eating a sandwich when she was hungry and in the evening watching the sky turn from brilliant orange to peach and finally to pale purple , eventually the light becoming dim.It was about this time that the mist would begin to rise from the cool water hiding in the dense forest that hugged(環(huán)繞,擁抱)the shoreline(海岸線).Late evening dew(露水)glistened(閃耀,反光)on every bush and soon the loons'(潛鳥)call would resound(回響)across the water.She decided to take on last dip in the lake.As the cool night air touched her arms.She gave a little shiver and decided it was time to move inside.至少在那個時候，她在小別墅的假期還是很愜意的。她在平臺上度過了很多閑適輕松的時光，讀書、餓了吃塊三明治；晚上，看著天空由鮮橙色變?yōu)樘壹t色，然后變?yōu)榈仙?，最后光線終于黯淡下來。就在這時，薄霧開始從隱藏在環(huán)繞岸邊的密林里的冷水中升起；再晚些，灌木上的露珠開始閃爍，不久，潛水鳥的叫聲就會在水面上回蕩起來。她決定在湖里最后再泡一會兒。當(dāng)她的手臂觸到夜晚涼爽的空氣時，不禁有些發(fā)抖，于是她決定該是回到屋里去的時候了。

This was to be her last evening alone as Jeff, her former mate, would be returning Zac to her early in the morning.As the case in many marriages these days, problems had arisen between Lesley and Jeff, but they did not extend to Zac.He was a good kid, just entering kindergarten.The couple had come to a mutual agreement , as dictated by the legal custody(監(jiān)管,保管)agreement.It stated that each parent would share Zac's care every second weekend and this had been her weekend to be alone.這是她在家中獨(dú)處的最后一個晚上，因?yàn)樗那胺蚪芊驎谠缟习言怂突貋?。與當(dāng)時許多婚姻情況一樣，萊斯利和杰夫之間出現(xiàn)了許多問題，但并未影響到扎克。他是個好孩子，剛剛上幼兒園。他們達(dá)成了一個依法監(jiān)護(hù)的協(xié)議，協(xié)議規(guī)定雙親每兩個周末輪換照顧孩子，這是她獨(dú)處的周末。Jeff was an architect, with a high-profile reputation, who worked in downtown Toronto, a partner in a private corporation which mostly did consultant work for the university.Lesley?s company had been hired to advertise the new science complex in order to raise corporate(公司的)money for the proposed building.She liked her work and she harbored a secret ambition to manage her division of the company some day.杰夫是個建筑師，名聲很大，在多倫多市區(qū)工作，是一家私人公司的合伙人，該公司主要為大學(xué)做咨詢工作。萊斯利的公司已經(jīng)接下了為新的科學(xué)綜合大樓做廣告的工作，以便為計(jì)劃中的大樓籌集合作基金。她喜歡她的工作，并且心懷抱負(fù)：有一天她要管理這個部門。After a whirlwind(旋風(fēng)般的)courtship(求愛,熱戀)and a fairytale wedding the couple had settled down to an urban lifestyle.However, after three years and one child the dreamlike marriage came smashing down.One disadvantage(不利條件)of being young and ambitious(有抱負(fù)的)was that both of them needed to devote untold hours to their busy schedules.As a result of these late hours, Lesley became suspicious(猜疑的)of Jeff?s after hours activities.She accused him of making her part of a love triangle.The whole miserable scene was to set the proceedings(過程,訴訟,訴訟程序)for an ugly(不愉快的)divorce in motion.在一段旋風(fēng)般的熱戀和一個童話式的婚禮之后，夫妻倆定居下來，過起了都市生活。然而，在過了三年并有了孩子之后，這段夢幻般的婚姻開始破裂了。年輕而又雄心勃勃的不利之處，就是兩個人都要把數(shù)不清的時間花在忙不完的事業(yè)上。由于經(jīng)常工作到很晚，萊斯利開始懷疑杰夫工作之余的活動，她指責(zé)他讓她成了三角愛情的一部分。事情發(fā)展到最痛苦的場面就是提出不愉快的離婚訴訟。

Daydreaming(幻想,白日夢)about those earlier days would not help tonight.So with a shrug of her shoulders she tackled the advertising assignment she needed to complete.Tomorrow would be a busy day with Zac arriving home.那些對最初美好時光的回憶，對今夜也無濟(jì)于事。于是，她聳了聳肩，著手處理她必須完成的廣告業(yè)務(wù)。明天扎克到家后將會非常忙碌。

The next day, as the morning wore on, Lesley became more and more agitated(煩躁), and her mood became apprehensive(憂慮的,不安的), when Jeff did not appear.When noon hour arrived and he still had not appeared, she started making some phone calls.None of their mutual friends had either seen or talked with Jeff that day.Until today, Jeff had always been very punctual about returning the boy at the appointed time.Lesley felt a knot forming in her stomach as a crazy thought persisted at the back of her mind.She was absolutely sure something was wrong.Jeff sat with his head bowed.He was undecided what to do.The domestic arrangement with his former wife was proving to be awkward.He was frustrated at being able to see his son only on weekends and felt he was always making concessions to accommodate(適應(yīng),遷就)Lesley?s work schedule.Every meeting was turning into a competition for the boy?s affection.His one desire was to take Zac away for good.The enormous decision to undertake this plan appeared to be presenting itself.Today he would depart for a conference in California.This appeared to be a marvelous opportunity to take the boy and leave the country for good.He bet that he could pack sufficient baggage into his vehicle and then disappears across the border, gaining entry the U.S.A.He gave little thought to whatsoever of the fact this act could lead to his conviction if he was tracked down by the cops.第二天，隨著上午的時間慢慢逝去，萊斯利越來越感到不安。杰夫沒有出現(xiàn)，她變得焦躁起來。到了中午，他還沒出現(xiàn)，于是她開始打電話。他們共同的朋友都說那天沒看見他，也沒和他通過電話。以前，杰夫總是非常準(zhǔn)時地將孩子送回來。一種不祥的想法在下意識地困擾著她，萊斯利感到恐懼。她絕對肯定是出事了。杰夫低頭坐著，他不知該做些什么。和前妻商定的對家庭的安排看來是蠢笨的，只能在周末看看兒子令他沮喪極了。為了萊斯利的工作安排，他覺得一直在遷就。每次相見都變成一場爭奪“孩子到底愛誰”的競爭。他有一個心愿就是把扎克永遠(yuǎn)帶走，現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)做出實(shí)施這個計(jì)劃的重大決定了。今天，他要前往加利福尼亞參加一個會議，這顯然是一個帶走孩子，永遠(yuǎn)離開這個國家的絕好機(jī)會。他確信他能夠把足夠多的行李裝上車，然后跨過邊境，進(jìn)入美國后就消失掉。如果被警察抓住，這種行為是可以構(gòu)成犯罪的，可他不再多想了。

Meanwhile, for Lesley the nightmare continued to unfold(展現(xiàn),顯露)as the reality of the situation deepened.After 48 hours, the spokesman for the district police department assured her they would investigate Zac?s disappearance.Her faith that justice would be realized was faint.The shock of the past two days? events made her realize that possibly her son would become one more statistic in the missing children file.The police completed a preliminary survey after asking hundreds of detailed(詳細(xì)的)questions.Hot lines proved fruitless(無結(jié)果的).Meanwhile, over the next year there were countless visits and interviews at the police station and her home.The police appeared to be making no progress in tracking Zac?s whereabouts(行蹤).As the days passed, Lesley?s frustration(挫敗)mounted and she felt a sense of alarm.Eventually, she decided to take the initiative in continuing the search and she began to use well-established child find agencies.At times, boosted by hopes, she appeared to be on the right trail with a sense of disgust, but her hopes were dashed at the final moment.These obstacles hope.After Zac?s picture was circulated nationwide, telephone calls followed from strangers reporting sightings(被看見的人或事物)of a Zac look alike.Month by month her plan evolved into a campaign equal to a full-scale battle plan.She paid an exceedingly high fee for specialized help, such as the services of an attorney.Lesley became determined to target every major city where Jeff normally contracted business.As the months slopped by, Lesley?s exhaustion became noticeable in her eyes.Her cheeks became hollow pits.Most days she felt as though she did not have an ounce of energy left because proof of Zac?s existence seemed impossible to find.Another year passed and her hopes dimmed.Unexpectedly, late in August a promising lead brought her to Los Angeles.與此同時，對于萊斯利，隨著事件真相的不斷深入，噩夢也在繼續(xù)顯現(xiàn)。48小時后，地區(qū)警察部門發(fā)言人向她保證，他們將對扎克的失蹤展開調(diào)查。她對正義會得到伸張的信心減弱了。最近兩天發(fā)生的事使她認(rèn)識到，他的兒子很可能成為失蹤兒童名單中增加的又一個新數(shù)字。在詢問了許許多多的細(xì)節(jié)問題之后，警察完成了初步調(diào)查。熱線電話絲毫沒有結(jié)果。在接下來的一年多時間里，她在警察局和家中接受了無數(shù)次的訪問和會見。在尋找禮物的下落上，警察似乎并沒有取得什么進(jìn)展。時間一天天地過去，萊斯利感到日益失望，她有一種恐慌的感覺。終于，她決定要爭取主動，繼續(xù)找尋，她開始求助于專門的兒童尋找機(jī)構(gòu)。有時，盡管感到有些厭煩，由于希望的驅(qū)使，她還是加入到搜尋線索的行列，但她的希望都在最后時刻破滅了。這些挫折只會令她更堅(jiān)定不放棄尋找或不喪失希望的決心。扎克的照片在全國傳閱，不斷有陌生人打來電話，報(bào)告說看見了像扎克模樣了人。一月又一月，她參與活動的計(jì)劃安排相當(dāng)于一場大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)役部署。她出高薪請專家?guī)兔Γ缙刚埓砣藶樗?wù)。萊斯利開始決定在杰夫平日聯(lián)系生意的每一個主要城市去尋找目標(biāo)。幾個月過去了，從萊斯利的眼里，可以明顯感覺到她的確精疲力竭了。她的臉頰深深地凹了下去。大多數(shù)日子里，她覺得好像一點(diǎn)兒精力也沒有了，因?yàn)樽C明扎克還在的證據(jù)看來是不可能找到了。The interior of the bar was dark.Her quest to locate Jeff and Zac had taken two years.She had paid private investigators in American currency to help her locate her ex-husband.In her handbag she carried the necessary proof that would identify her to the authorities if she was successful in being able to bring Zac home again, to Canada.She had been impatient for this moment to arrive for so long and yet now she just wanted to secure her son with a minimum of fuss.Now, right on cue, a tall stranger slipped into the bar and sat down.One glimpse told her it was Jeff.He looked weary(疲勞的)and older but definitely familiar.A chill ran up her spine(脊椎,脊柱).Close to success, she refused to concede defeat.It was the time to remedy the enormous sadness.This time she wanted a guarantee of success.She stared straight ahead with a vacant look, trying to grasp the important moment.Vivid scenes, from the pass two years? search, flashed(思想等的閃現(xiàn))through her mind.又一年過去了，她的希望變得更加渺茫。但出乎意料，八月底，一個很有希望的線索把她帶到洛杉磯。

酒吧里面很暗。追尋杰夫和扎克和下落已經(jīng)花了她現(xiàn)年時間。她付費(fèi)給在美國的私家偵察機(jī)構(gòu)，幫她查找前夫的下落。在她的手提包里，有可以向當(dāng)局證明的必要材料，一旦成功，她就可以將扎克帶回家，回到加拿大。她焦急地等待著這一刻的到來已經(jīng)很久了，而現(xiàn)在她只想找回她的兒子，發(fā)行量不要出什么亂子。就在這個時候，一個高個的陌生人溜進(jìn)酒吧坐下來。她一眼就認(rèn)出那是杰夫。他看起來很疲憊，顯得更蒼老了，但還是相當(dāng)熟悉。一陣寒氣掠過她的背脊。馬上就要成功了！她拒絕承認(rèn)失敗，這正是治療巨大傷痛的時刻。這次，她要確保成功。她帶著迷茫的神情凝視著前方，努力要抓住這重要的時刻。過去兩年的搜尋情景，一幕幕清晰地在她的腦海中閃現(xiàn)。

The following day, happily for Lesley, the headline of the local paper read, “Father turns over child, Mother slams system.”

翌日，使萊斯利感到高興的是當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙的頭條新聞：“父親將孩子送回，母親猛烈抨擊體制”。Lesley and Zac?s subsequent life could now resume some form of normalcy(正常狀態(tài)), however, the stress and strain of the past two years would always remain as a part of this renewed relationship in the memory.至于萊斯利和扎克后來的生活，現(xiàn)在可能恢復(fù)到某種正常狀態(tài)了。然而，過去兩年的壓力和緊張將成為這種重新恢復(fù)起來的關(guān)系中的一部分，永遠(yuǎn)留在記憶里。

2、One Chance [一次機(jī)會] The tiny antique silver pin lay in my hand.I stared hard at the solemn face looking back at me from the oval frame.I was looking for some resemblance between my ancestor and myself.Her brow was broad and strong, the eyes kind and forgiving.She wore a stiff black bonnet(無邊小圓軟帽), a high white collar and a coarsely woven shawl(披肩)around her shoulders.In examining her face more closely, maybe I could identify some similarity around the eyes and the nose.An inner strength shone from the eyes of this diminutive lady who had helped lead her family from Ireland to the New World.那枚小小的舊銀別針就放在我的手上。我緊盯著那張從橢圓形鏡框里反過來看著我的嚴(yán)肅面孔。我在尋找我的祖先和我自己之間的某些相似之處。她的眉毛寬大濃密，眼睛里溫和慈祥。她戴著一頂繃緊的黑色軟帽，高白領(lǐng)，肩上披著一條做工粗糙的披肩。再近點(diǎn)觀察她的臉孔，或許我能在眼睛和鼻子周圍辨認(rèn)出一些相似的地方。從這位身材矮小的女士的眼里，透射出一種內(nèi)在的力量，她曾幫助和帶領(lǐng)她的家庭，從愛爾蘭來到了新世界。

The times, in Ireland during the 1770?s, were difficult for everyone.John and Lily Love and all the tenants(租地者,佃戶)of the Barren?s Court Estate were suffering after terrible floods destroyed their crops.The landlord was generous in allowing the land rent to fall into arrears(拖欠,還款), due to the difficult times.However, as weather conditions continued to worsen, the little family became pessimistic and felt desperate about the direction of their lives.Nearly every family at this time had at least one member of their family who had left for the New World.The ugly face of famine was lurking(潛藏,潛伏)everywhere.It was not possible with one acre of arable(可耕作的)land to make a living.那時候，在18世紀(jì)70年代的愛爾蘭，人人處境艱難。一場特大洪水毀掉了他們的莊稼之后，約翰和莉莉·洛夫一家像其他所有的巴倫斯宮廷莊園的佃戶一樣痛苦不堪。莊園主還算慷慨，鑒于這個艱難時期，允許佃戶們拖欠租金。然而，天氣狀況持續(xù)惡化，這個小家庭變得悲觀起來，對他們的生活前途感到絕望。那個時候，幾乎每個家庭至少有一名家庭成員出走前往新世界。飽受饑荒之苦的憔悴面容到處都是，要靠一英畝耕地生活是不可能的。Late one night, after the children were in bed, John and Lily discussed the possibility of making a reservation aboard a sailing ship bound for America.John had noticed a poster in the town square, that posted by a ship?s owner trying to recruit people for his ship.John knew that conditions aboard ship would not be ideal for Lily, her new infant son and the two elder boys;however, she acknowledged that settling in America would be the only way for the family to gain some independence and to earn a living.More importantly, it was rumored that land was free in the new country.Lily gave her consent to leave.一天夜里，孩子們?nèi)胨院螅s翰和莉莉討論起預(yù)定船只前往美國的可能性。就在當(dāng)天，約翰在市鎮(zhèn)廣場上看到一張海報(bào)，是船主張貼出來招攬乘客的。約翰知道船上的條件對莉莉不大合適，她有一個剛出生的嬰兒和兩個大點(diǎn)的男孩。但是，她認(rèn)為在美國定居將是這個家庭取得獨(dú)立和謀生的唯一出路。更重要的是，據(jù)說在那個新國家土地是免費(fèi)的。莉莉也贊成出去。

In port, the sailing ship, Hannah, under the command of Captain Mitchell lay at anchor.The adventure of crossing the Atlantic Ocean bound for Philadelphia would take two to three months.Passengers were assured there would be the best provisions and plenty of barrels of fresh water.Storms could be fierce and living conditions below deck would be primitive.John joined the long queue and eventually after a lengthy wait, reached the revenue table.He affixed(簽署名字)his signature to the contract promising to pay five pounds per person for berths(臥鋪)aboard ship.The clerk returned the receipt to John indicating that the sum of money had been paid.在港口，那艘帆船“漢納”號，在米切爾船長的指揮下，正拋錨停泊。跨越大西洋前往費(fèi)城的冒險要花兩到三個月。乘客們被許諾有最好的食品供應(yīng)和充足的淡水。暴風(fēng)雨可能很猛烈，甲板下面的生活條件將是很單調(diào)的。約翰加入到了那長長的隊(duì)列里，等了很久以后，終于來到付款臺前。他在合同上簽了字，按要求為乘坐那艘船的每個人付5英鎊。辦事員為約翰開了收據(jù)，表示錢已付清。Once under sail the three hundred passengers found themselves crowded into miserable conditions.The smell of so many people crowded together was offensive.The breadth of the vessel was narrow and the headroom(凈空,頭上空間)below deck minimal.可是一上船，三百名乘客發(fā)現(xiàn)船上非常擁擠，條件很惡劣。這么多人擠在一起，氣味簡直讓人受不了。船艙狹窄又很低矮。

As the tiny craft sailed out of Lough Foyle, and entered the Atlantic Ocean, it started to roll ominously(不吉利的)and those aboard wondered if they would survive the long voyage ahead or be swallowed up by the enormous waves.Seasickness(暈船)was everywhere and people had no appetite.The food, instead of being of high quality as promised, was too often rotten and the water was brackish(有咸味的).小船駛離洛夫福伊進(jìn)入大西洋的時候，就開始不祥地?fù)u晃起來，船上的人擔(dān)心他們是否能夠安全完成航程還是會被巨浪吞噬。到處都是暈船的，人們沒有食欲?；锸硾]有承諾的那么好，還常常是腐爛的，水也有咸味。

Eventually, the winds lessened and the Captain was able to set his sights towards America and become ably steering the ship on an even course(航線).Eight weeks later, plus on day, the Hannah made landfall(著陸)and the Love family disembarked(離船上岸)in America and became American newest immigrants.Gazing at the mainland after so many days of sailing was indeed a glorious sight.The difficult days aboard ship seemed worthwhile.Porters hurried along the docks pushing baggage.Little girls with ribbons in their hair scanned the ship?s decks hoping to get a first glimpse of their father arriving.It seemed to Lily that it took forever to register and to pass through immigration.終于風(fēng)浪減弱了，船長能夠看準(zhǔn)美國的方向，成功地駕船工行駛在平靜的航線上。八個星期零一天之后，“漢納”號靠岸，洛夫一家在美國登陸，成為美國最早的移民。經(jīng)過這么多天的航行，凝視著這片大地，的確令人心曠神怡?？磥碓诖线^的那些艱苦的日子還是值得的。碼頭上的搬運(yùn)工在忙著搬運(yùn)行李。頭發(fā)上帶著絲帶的小姑娘們環(huán)視著甲板，希望第一眼看到他們到來的父親。對于莉莉來說，登記和辦理移民手續(xù)好像沒完沒了。

John said that he would go ahead to scout out some land in the far west of the state.He would push on to the frontier with a bunch of other Irish chaps.Lily and the children could follow more slowly, harnessing the horse and cart to convey their scanty(貧乏的,少的)possessions.The stuff in the cart would include a kettle, dishes, blankets, a chair, a bucket and an axe.約翰說他要先出發(fā)，在這個州遙遠(yuǎn)的西部找一些土地。他和一幫愛爾蘭小伙子一起趕往邊疆。莉莉和孩子們可以在后面慢慢地跟，坐馬車把他們僅有的一點(diǎn)家產(chǎn)運(yùn)來。車上的那些東西包括一個壺、一個盤子、毯子、一把椅子、一個提桶和一把斧頭。There was a perception by the government at this time that the feisty(易怒的,好斗的)Irish would resist any hostile natives refusing to retreat and thus maintaining the western boundary.The Irish, too, were pleased to settle as far away from the government as possible.Instead of purchasing land, they would “squat(占據(jù))” on the property erecting only a temporary, humble shelter to stave off(遮擋)the weather.Once their families arrived, they would inspire the men to build proper cabins.Neither fancy nor elegant, these log structures would be their first real homes.Property boundaries at this time were not marked out with iron rods or stakes in a standard fashion, but rather designated(標(biāo)明,標(biāo)出)by natural objects such as rocks, trees and creeks.Confusion and disputes must often have followed later, when these survey points disappeared.After exploring the area around Shirley?s burg, John and his sons rode over Sandy Ridge to survey the property below Black Log Mountain.It was here in a long narrow valley they decided to settle.The valley became known then, and is still called Love?s valley today.那時候，政府認(rèn)為，好斗的愛爾蘭人會抵抗那些有敵意的當(dāng)?shù)厝?，拒絕妥協(xié)讓步，以保住西部邊疆。而愛爾蘭人也樂得盡量遠(yuǎn)離政府定居。不需要購買，他們只要支起一個能遮蔽風(fēng)雨的臨時簡陋住所，就算占用了這片土地。一旦家人到達(dá)，他們會鼓勵男人們建造合適的房屋。既不奇特也不優(yōu)雅，這些原木結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑物將是他們第一個真正的家。那時，地產(chǎn)邊界不是用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的鐵棍或木樁來做標(biāo)志，而是用象巖石、樹木和小溪等自然物來界定。后來因?yàn)檫@些測量點(diǎn)消失了，混亂和爭執(zhí)時常發(fā)生。

At the time, drums were used to forewarn(預(yù)先警告)that the natives were going to capture the forts(城堡), which guarded the western frontier.Daily life in this new land, for the early settlers, was harsh and difficult.First they needed to tame the land, chopping down trees, in order to be able to plant crops.At times they needed to defend their land and be wary(機(jī)警的)of attacks from wild animals, such as wolves and bears.Mosquito bites caused severe reactions of swelling and itchiness(癢癢).Once the work was done, neighbors would gather for an occasional social function.The children would play for hours chasing butterflies and looking for birds? nests.The boys would catch frogs and then tease(戲弄)the girls with them.There would be a delicious picnic lunch spread on the grass.John asked Lily to bring some freshly squeezed lemon juice for the picnic.He found the sour taste of lemonade(檸檬汽水)was refreshing on a hot summer?s day.Some of the men would have a drink of homemade(自制的)in the moonshine before striking up a tune on the fiddle(小提琴).Square dancing was popular among the young people and the young lads would leap up to dance with the eligible(中意的,合格的)young ladies.Rivals for a young lady?s hand in marriage would tend to compete to walk her home at the end of an evening.The romantic times were few and contrasted sharply with the stern reality of everyday life.在探究了歇里斯伯格周圍的地區(qū)之后，約翰和他的兒子們翻過桑迪山脈，在布萊克拉格山下面勘察了土地，他們決定就在這條狹長的山谷里定居下來。因此這個山谷被稱為洛夫山谷，直到今天還這樣叫。

那時候，當(dāng)土著人來奪取防護(hù)西部邊界的那些城堡時，他們就使用鼓聲作為預(yù)先的示警。在這塊新土地上的日常生活對于早期的定居者來說是非常艱辛和困苦的。首先，他們需要開墾土地，砍倒樹木，以便能夠種上莊稼。有時，他們需要保衛(wèi)他們的土地，提防狼和熊等野獸的攻擊以及蚊子叮咬造成的腫痛和奇癢。干完活后，鄰居們偶爾會聚在一起舉行社交活動。孩子們會玩上好幾個小時，去捕蝴蝶，掏鳥窩，男孩子們會逮青蛙去捉弄女孩們，還有布置在草地上的美味午餐。約翰叫莉莉?yàn)橐安蛶ヒ恍r榨檸檬汁，他發(fā)現(xiàn)檸檬的酸味在炎熱的夏天令人清爽，使人振奮。月光下，有的人還會來一杯自家釀的酒，然后便趁興用小提琴拉上一曲。青年人中很流行方塊舞，年輕的小伙子們就會跳出來與中意的姑娘們一起跳舞。晚上，向姑娘們求婚的競爭對手們往往會競相來到她們的家里。浪漫的時候雖然很少，但卻和每天嚴(yán)酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活形成鮮明的對照。

Neighbors were also few and Lily found she was very lonely.She looked forward to the occasional visits of the minister, Robert Ayers, who was a Methodist circuit rider.Meetings would be held in fields or small barns, three to four times a year.At other times neighbor women from over the mountain would meet to make quilts(被子), blankets and cushions and to gossip(聊天)about their respective lives.They would share their secret fears regarding their new lives, their hopes for their children?s future and enjoy each other?s companionship(友誼,伴侶關(guān)系).鄰居也很少，莉莉覺得孤獨(dú)。她盼望著衛(wèi)理公會教派騎馬巡回的羅伯特?埃亞牧師的偶然造訪。一年有三、四次在田地里或小庫房進(jìn)行集會。另外，有時候，翻山過來的鄰家婦女會聚在一起做被子，織地毯和墊子，聊聊各自生活中的瑣事。他們分擔(dān)著對新生活的暗自擔(dān)心，對孩子前程的殷切期望，并為相互間的友誼高興不已。

Twenty years slipped by and John Love died at the early age of 47.Several years later, son James and his family, as well as widow Lily, his Mother, made the decision to leave Pennsylvania and settle in Canada.They made the arduous(困難的,艱巨的)trek(旅行)over Indian trails, crossing the Niagara River to settle in what we now call Ontario.20年過去了，約翰洛夫在47歲時就過早地去世了。幾年后，兒子詹姆斯和他的家庭，還有他的母親——寡婦莉莉，決定離開賓夕法尼亞到加拿大定居。他們經(jīng)過艱難跋涉，沿著印第安人的足跡，渡過尼亞加拉河，在今天我們稱之為安大略的地方定居下來。I am a Canadian.Having traced my roots and followed in the footsteps of these early settlers, I feel a sense of gratitude to my ancestors who faced extreme difficulties and severe hardship to settle in a new land.Liberty, then and in today?s world, is a priceless inheritance(遺產(chǎn)).Once more, I glanced at the silver pin before returning it to the velvet(絲絨的)box.Once again, I questioned, “What did I inherit from my Love ancestors?” I realize the answer has been revealed while writing this story.I have determination, strength, loyalty and a love of adventure.This is my inheritance.我是加拿大人。追根溯源，沿著這些早期移民的足跡，一種感激之情油然而生。我的祖先們面對艱難困苦，克服重重困難才在這片土地上定居下來。不論那時還是現(xiàn)在，自由都是寶貴的遺產(chǎn)。在把那枚銀別針放回絲絨盒之前，我又看了它一眼。我再次問到：“我從洛夫祖先那里繼承了什么呢？”在寫這個故事的時候，我知道我有了答案。我所擁有的決心、力量、忠誠和對冒險的熱愛就是我繼承到的遺產(chǎn)。

4、A Man and His Castle [一個大人物和他的城堡] La Cuesta Encantada(The Enchanted[使用魔法迷惑] Castle)is one of the most remarkable displays of power and passion in the world.This marvelous tourist site now known as Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument is better known as Hearst Castle.It is located six hours south of San Francisco and five hours north of Los Angeles.Sheltered by the mountains in northern San Luis Obispo County, the complex of 165rooms and 127 acres of gardens, terraces(露臺), pools, fountains and footpaths draws approximately 800,000 visitors annually.To understand the castle, you have to understand the man who built it, William Randolph Hearst.And to understand the man, you have to understand the land upon which he built his dream.魔幻城堡是世界上最著名的展示才能與激情的名勝之一。這個奇跡般的游覽地，就是現(xiàn)在著名的赫斯特圣西蒙國家歷史博物館，它作為赫斯特城堡，則更為有名。它位于舊金山以南6小時、洛杉磯以北5小時車程的地方。這座隱蔽在圣路易斯?奧比斯波郡北部群山之中的綜合建筑有165個房間，占地127英畝，有花園、游廊、水池、噴泉和小徑，每年吸引大約80萬名游客來到這里。要了解這座城堡，你就得了解建造它的那個人——威廉·倫道夫·赫斯特，而要了解這個人，你就得了解他把夢想建在其上的這塊土地。

Born on April 29, 1863, William Randolph Hearst was the only child of Gorge Hearst and his wife, Phoebe.George was a multimillionaire(千萬富翁)who amassed(積聚)his fortune through partnerships(合作關(guān)系)in three of the ever largest mining discoveries of copper, silver, and gold ores.In 1865, George began to accumulate parcels of land by obtaining 46,000 acres of the Piedra Blanco Ranch on California?s Central Coast.There he began a successful cattle ranch(大農(nóng)場), eventually enlarging it to 250,000 acres stretching 50 miles along the coast.威廉·倫道夫·赫斯，生于1863年4月29日，是喬治?赫斯特和他的妻子菲比唯一的孩子。喬治是一個千萬富翁，他通過合伙參與三個曾經(jīng)是最大的銅礦、銀礦和金礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)和開采，積聚起大量財(cái)富。1865年，喬治得到了在加利福尼亞海岸的46000英畝的皮亞得拉布蘭可牧場，開始積聚大片土地。在那里，他開始了對養(yǎng)牛場的成功經(jīng)營，并最終將它擴(kuò)大到沿著50英里海岸的250，000英畝。

William loved the ranch where he spent his summer vacations as a youngster and a youth, playing in the rugged canyons(峽谷), descending the cliffs and camping in colorful Arab-style tents in the mountains with his family.威廉熱愛這個青年時期渡過暑假的牧場。在崎嶇不平的溪谷里游玩，攀登懸崖，和家人一起在山里華美的阿拉伯式的帳篷里野營。

Phoebe was delighted in exposing her darling child to the beauties and wonders of the world and spared no expense doing so.During one of their adventures, an 18-month tour of the historic palaces and castles of Europe, William began a lifelong love of collecting.With his first acquisitions, German picture books, he embarked(著手,開始工作)on a 78-year session of excessive spending.He confessed to a love of the finer things in life and, as he had a bottomless(不見底的)purse, would never deny himself anything he wanted.菲比很喜歡讓她心愛的孩子去認(rèn)識這個美麗而奇妙的世界，花費(fèi)多少都無所謂。在一次冒險活動期間，他們用18個月游覽了歐洲歷史上著名的宮殿和城堡，從那時起威廉開始養(yǎng)成收集的終身愛好。他從最初收集德國的圖畫書開始，進(jìn)行了長達(dá)78年的超級消費(fèi)。他承認(rèn)一生中對精美物品的癡迷和熱愛，而且因?yàn)橛幸粋€用不完的錢包，他對想要的任何東西從不吝惜金錢。

In 1887, while William was at Harvard University, he decided to take over the small newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, which his father had accepted as payment for a gambling(賭博)debt several years earlier.George would have preferred that his son be involved in the mining and ranching interests, but William declined this offer and was given ownership of the Examiner in March 1887.He was determined to increase the popularity(普遍,流行)of the paper and acquire the best equipment and writers available.William?s resolve to succeed inspired him to publish juicy(有趣的)tales of vice and stories full of drama and motivation(積極性,動機(jī)).In 1895, he purchased the New York Morning Journal, putting him in direct competition with the distinguished(杰出的)Joseph Pulitzer and a circulation(傳播,發(fā)行)war began.1887年，當(dāng)威廉在哈佛大學(xué)讀書時，他決定接管一家小報(bào)紙《舊金山問詢報(bào)》，幾年前他的父親將其作為一筆賭債接收了下來。喬治更希望他的兒子把興趣放在采礦和經(jīng)營牧場上，但威廉拒絕了這個建議并于1887年3月接手成為《問詢報(bào)》的主人。他決定購置最好的設(shè)備，邀請最好的作者撰稿，提升報(bào)紙的聲望。

威廉渴望成功的決心，促使他出版有趣的下流傳聞和充滿戲劇性、引人入勝的故事。1895年，他買下《紐約晨報(bào)》，與著名的約瑟夫?普利策展開直接的競爭，開始了一場擴(kuò)大發(fā)行量的商戰(zhàn)。

Both the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers started to include sensational(聳人聽聞的)stories about the Cuban Insurrection(起義).The stories greatly exaggerated claims of Spanish troops placing Cubans in concentration camps, forcing them to live under substandard conditions, disease-ridden, starving and dying.This style of reporting became known as “Yellow Journalism(新聞事件)”.The newspapers were transformed as the scope of the news broadened and became less conservative.Circulation soared as the public could get enough of the banner headlines and abundant illustrations.At the time, many people believed William actually might have initiated(開始,發(fā)動)the Spanish-American War to encourage sales.According to one report, when one of his correspondents, Frederick Remington, requested to return from Havana, William responded that if Remington would furnish the pictures, William would furnish the war.He was once quoted in an editorial as saying, “Make the news thorough Print all the news.Condense it if necessary.Frequently it is better when intelligently(聰明的)condensed.”

赫斯特和普利策的報(bào)紙都開始刊登有關(guān)古巴起義的聳人聽聞的故事。這些故事極大地夸大了西班牙部隊(duì)的行為：他們把古巴人關(guān)進(jìn)集中營，迫使他們在惡劣的條件下生活，飽受疾病、饑餓和死亡的折磨。這種報(bào)道形式成了有名的“黃色新聞”。報(bào)紙?jiān)谙驍U(kuò)大新聞范圍方面轉(zhuǎn)變，并變得不那么保守了。因?yàn)槟軌蚴构姭@得足夠的頭條新聞和豐富的插圖，發(fā)行量激增。那時，很多人相信威廉實(shí)際上可能會發(fā)動西班牙——美國戰(zhàn)爭以增加發(fā)行量。據(jù)一篇報(bào)道說，當(dāng)他的一個通訊記者弗雷德里克雷明頓請求從哈瓦那回來時，威廉回答說如果雷明頓能提供圖片，他就可以發(fā)起這場戰(zhàn)爭。曾有一篇社論引用過他的格言：“跟蹤新聞到底。報(bào)道所有新聞。必要時濃縮新聞。濃縮后的新聞常常更出色?！?/p>

Another classic example of his influence occurred when;merely months after he advocated political assassination(暗殺)in an editorial, American President McKinley was assassinated.As an intelligent and dynamic business man, William generated increased readership by employing some of the most talented(天才的)writers in the United States, recruiting figures from the literary community, like Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, and the previously mentioned illustrator, Frederick Remington.He also showed his initiative when he chartered a yacht(快艇), equipped it as a miniature(小型的)newspaper headquarters, anchored off the coast of Cuba, and led his army of reporters into the field.關(guān)于受他影響的另一個典型例子是，他在一篇社論中鼓吹政治暗殺，僅僅幾個月后，麥金利總統(tǒng)就遇刺身亡。作為一個聰明能干的商人，威廉通過雇傭美國最有才華的作者，從文學(xué)團(tuán)體中聘用大人物，像馬克?吐溫和斯蒂芬·克萊恩，以及前面提到過的插圖畫家弗雷德里克?雷明頓，造就了不斷增長的讀者群。他還顯示了他的創(chuàng)新能力。當(dāng)時，他包租了一條游艇，把裝備成一個小型的報(bào)社總部，停在古巴海岸邊，讓他的采訪隊(duì)伍進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)場。

William?s interests led him to follow in his father?s footsteps, inspiring him to enter into politics.He was elected to the U.S.Congress as a senator representing the State of New York in 1902 and served until 1907.He was a candidate for the office of mayor of New York City and governor of New York State, but failed in both of these attempts.威廉的興趣愛好引領(lǐng)他、激勵他繼承父業(yè)進(jìn)入政界。1902年作為紐約州的代表，他以參議員的身份被選進(jìn)美國國會，一起任職到1907年。他還是紐約市市長和紐約州州長職位的候選人，但兩次努力都失敗了。

While honeymooning in Europe after his marriage to Millicent Wilson in 1903, he expanded his publishing empire with Motor Magazine.The Hearst Corporation grew to comprise a total of 12 newspapers, including the Examiner, and 25 magazines, including Cosmopolitan.Not satisfied with just his publishing enterprises, he expanded his business operations into radio, and later produced movie newsreels(新聞紀(jì)錄片).(To Be Continued)1903年與米莉森特?威爾遜結(jié)婚。在歐洲渡蜜月期間，他以《汽車雜志》擴(kuò)張他出版帝國的疆土。赫斯特公司迅速成長以來，總共有包括《問詢報(bào)》在內(nèi)的12種報(bào)紙，和包括《大都會》在內(nèi)的25種雜志。他并不滿足于出版行業(yè)，還把他的事業(yè)擴(kuò)展到電臺，后來還生產(chǎn)新聞記錄片。（待續(xù)）

This influential media giant was not without his faults.His prejudices were common knowledge.His career was blemished(玷污)by his offensive remarks about Spaniards, Japanese, Filipinos, and Russians.He printed lies, forged documents, falsified(歪曲)stories of violence, wrote provocative editorials, and published sensational cartoons and photographs to support his opinions.這個有巨大影響的媒體巨人也不是沒有缺點(diǎn)。他的偏見是眾所周知的。他對西班牙人、日本人、菲律賓人和俄羅斯人的攻擊性評論是對他職業(yè)的玷污。為支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，他刊載謊言，偽造文獻(xiàn)，編選暴力故事，寫煽動性的社論，出版蠱惑人心的卡通和照片。

William hated minorities.He took advantage of every opportunity to heighten racial tensions.His real motive for his hatred of Mexicans may have been the loss of 800,000 acres of prime timber land to the Mexican outlaw(逃犯), Pancho Villa.His papers described them as marijuana-smoking, job-stealing, lazy, wicked, and violent degenerates(墮落).Some suggest he saw the Mexicans as a threat to his empire.威廉憎恨少數(shù)民族。他利用一切機(jī)會加劇種族間的緊張關(guān)系。他憎恨墨西哥人的真正原因，可能是由于那個墨西哥逃犯Pancho Villa讓他損失了800,000英畝的原始樹林。他的報(bào)紙把他們描繪成抽大麻、磨洋工、懶惰、邪惡和喜歡暴力的墮落者。有人說他認(rèn)為墨西哥人對他的帝國是一個威脅。

During this period, William met and fell in love with a young actress, Marion Davies.Millicent, his wife and the mother of his five sons, including a set of twins, refused to dissolve the marriage, which obliged William to “l(fā)ive in sin” with the woman whom the tour guides refer to as his “friend” or “companion”.在這個時期，威廉遇見了年輕的女演員馬里恩戴維斯并愛上了她。他的妻子，他5個兒子其中有一對雙胞胎的母親米莉森特，拒絕解除婚姻，迫使威廉與那個女人過著姘居的生活，導(dǎo)游提到她時就說是他的“朋友”或“同伴”。

With the death of his mother in 1919, William inherited the beloved quarter-million-acre ranch.At first, he planned to build modest ranch house on his favorite campsite(野營的)but as he became more involved in the project, his vision of a monument to display his collections gained momentum(動力).Working closely with family architect, Julia Morgan, William created a glorious and extraordinary castle-like structure, blending Spanish, European, and Californian architectural styles.Huge warehouses(倉庫)were built in San Simeon to store the shiploads of splendid antiques, including entire carved ceilings and walls hung with enormous tapestries(掛毯).They could be installed in the completed rooms.Landscaping integrated exotic(外來的,奇異的)plants, hedges, and trees with native flora(植物群落).As William was in his 60?s, he had the insight to know he couldn?t wait for them to grow, but he was optimistic.He ordered tons of fertile topsoil to cover the grounds to a depth of five feet and full-grown specimens of the plants were trucked up the mountain for planting.With thousands of acres of land covered with grassland, trees, natural ponds, and man-made reservoirs available for use, William stocked the estate with herds of rare oxen and deer, and flocks of sheep and lambs.These animals flourished as they were allowed to wander freely.Larger, more dangerous beasts, including tigers, ostriches, buffalo, yaks, emus, kangaroos, llamas, zebras and giraffes were enclosed in the largest private zoo in the world.1919年，他母親去世，威廉繼承了那個他深愛著的25萬英畝的牧場。起初，他計(jì)劃在他最喜歡的宿營地建一所普通的低矮平房，但當(dāng)他更多地介入這個工程時，建一個紀(jì)念館來展示他的收藏品的想法占了上風(fēng)。威廉與家庭建筑師朱莉亞?摩根進(jìn)一步密切協(xié)作，創(chuàng)造了一種氣派顯赫的像城堡一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，整合了西班牙、歐洲和加利福尼亞的建筑風(fēng)格。在圣西蒙創(chuàng)造了巨大的倉庫存放成船的貴重古董，全部雕花的天花板以及用巨大掛毯裝飾的墻壁。它們可以安置到已完工的房間里來。把外來的植物、灌木和樹木結(jié)合進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参锓N群，進(jìn)一步美化景觀。威廉已經(jīng)60多歲了，他清楚地知道他可能等不到它們長大，但他是樂觀的。他定購了成噸肥沃的表層土，覆蓋地面達(dá)5英尺深，把這些植物長好的樣品用卡車運(yùn)到山上種植。

在可以利用的數(shù)千英畝的土地上，有草地、樹林、天然水池和人工水庫，威廉在莊園里放養(yǎng)了珍稀的牛群和鹿群，還有一群群的綿羊和小羊羔。因?yàn)樵试S它們自由漫游，這些動物健壯而活躍。那些大家伙，比較危險的野獸，包括老虎、鴕鳥、水牛、牦牛、鴯鹋(產(chǎn)于澳洲的大型鳥)、袋鼠、駱駝、斑馬和長頸鹿，則被關(guān)在這個世界上最大的私人動物園里。The “complex” was ready for occupancy(占有)in 1927, but additions continued until 1947.Eventually it comprised the main house and three cottages, all of which are furnished with a variety of valuable antiques.Even the lavatories were specially equipped.William?s favorite room was said to be the library with its collections of more than 5,000 books, ancient Greek vases, and an antique Spanish ceiling suspended(懸掛的)by cables so it will sway in the event of an earthquake(all the antique furnishings and treasures are anchored as a precaution as this is earthquake country).那座“綜合性建筑”在1927年就已經(jīng)可以使用，但擴(kuò)建工程一直持續(xù)到1947年。最后，它包含了一幢主樓和三棟別墅，每一座的家具配備都使用各種貴重的古董。連廁所的設(shè)施都很特別。威廉最喜歡的房間據(jù)說是圖書室，里面有收藏的5，000多本書籍，古希臘的花瓶，以及一個用纜索懸吊起來的古代西班牙吊頂，一旦發(fā)生地震，吊頂就會搖擺(所有的古代家具和珍寶都被事先用鉸鏈固定住，因?yàn)檫@是一個多地震的國家)。

In the ?20s, ?30s, and ?40s, William loved part-time at the estate with his mistress, Marion Davies.They entertained to an excessive extent.To be invited to the castle was a privilege.Movie stars, politicians, businessmen, and even royalty(皇室成員)were frequent guests.Many of these guests, including a British lord, Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith, Amelia Ear hart, and Charles Lindbergh, flew to the ranch, landing on the private(私人的)airstrip(飛機(jī)跑道).20年代到40年代，威廉時常與他的情人馬里恩?戴維斯居住于此。他們待客極盡奢華。被邀請到城堡是一種殊榮。電影明星、政治家、商人，還有皇室成員都是他們的常客。這些客人當(dāng)中的很多人，包括一名英國的勛爵、查爾斯?金福特?史密斯先生、阿梅莉亞?埃爾哈特、查爾斯?林德伯格，曾直接飛到這個莊園，降落在這里的私人飛機(jī)跑道上。

Life on the “hill” was never dull.The visitors stayed in the main house or the cottages, depending on their prominence(重要)or their intimacy(親密)with the family and were free to roam(漫游)the grounds, go riding on their choice of horses on the property.Company was expected, however, to meet in the main drawing room at 7:30 p.m.sharp, principally(主要地)to amuse their host.Dinner was a formal affair beginning at 9:00 p.m.this meal was held in the immense dining room, the walls of which are lined with priceless panels from ancient European cathedrals(大教堂).Following dinner, movies were shown in the private theater, starting at 11:00.“山”上的生活從來都不乏味。來訪者按他們的顯赫程度或與這個家庭的親密關(guān)系，或住在主樓里，或住在別墅中，在園子里自由散步，去馬廄里挑匹馬來騎，到水池里去游泳，或者在這塊領(lǐng)地上的私人球場上玩高爾夫球。不過，大家還是急切期盼著晚上7點(diǎn)30分在主畫室里同主人相見，顯然主要是想讓他們的主人高興。宴會是一項(xiàng)正式的活動，在晚上9點(diǎn)開始。這頓飯?jiān)诰薮蟮牟蛷d進(jìn)行，餐廳墻壁是用來自古代歐洲天主教堂的珍貴的鑲板拼成的。飯后，在私人影院上映電影，11點(diǎn)開始。

There were, however, three rules guests had to follow: do not get drunk;do not swear or tell off-color jokes;sleep in separate bedrooms if an unmarried couple.Food was not allowed in the rooms.If you wanted to eat, you could visit the kitchen… if you could find it.不過，有三條規(guī)矩客人必須遵守：不能醉酒；不能賭咒或開傷風(fēng)敗俗的玩笑；還沒結(jié)婚的一對戀人要睡在不同的臥室。食物不能帶進(jìn)房間。如果你想吃東西，可以到廚房去……只要你找得到。

Although William was closely involved in all aspects of the construction and decoration of the mansion(大廈,宅邸), he continued his business and social interest.No stranger to scandal, in November 1924, he found himself in the topic of headlines.The most enduring rumor was that, during a party on his yacht, he had found Marion kissing Charlie Chaplin.In a fit of jealousy he took a shot at Chaplin, missed, and accidentally his Thomas Ince, killing him.However, even though the morning papers carried the story, the evening paper and successive editions printed that Ince had died of acute indigestion(消化不良).盡管威廉積極參與了這所豪宅的建設(shè)和裝飾的各個方向，他仍然在繼續(xù)他的商業(yè)和社交活動。對流言蜚語習(xí)以為常的他，1924年11月，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己上了頭條新聞。那是一個流行已久的謠言：在游艇上的一次聚會上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)馬里恩在親吻查里?卓別林，他妒火中燒，于是向卓別林開了一槍，偏了，卻意外地?fù)糁辛送旭R斯·因斯，殺死了他。不過，盡管早上的報(bào)紙登載了這個故事，但晚上的報(bào)紙和更多的版面就登出因斯死于急性消化不良。In 1945, William initiated the Hearst Foundation and created the California Charities Foundation in 1948(the name was changed to the William Randolph Hearst Foundation soon after his death in 1951).The Great Depression took its toll on even the wealthiest and William Randolph Hearst was no exception.His fantastically(荒誕的)decadent lifestyle couldn?t last forever, and gradually his finances began to suffer, beginning the next chapter in the saga(傳奇)of excesses.He came close to being bankrupt but Marion rescued him from debt, unselfishly selling her jewels and some other property to raise over a million dollars.1945年，威廉建立赫斯特基金會。1948年創(chuàng)立加利福尼亞慈善基金會（在他1951年去世后不久，改為威廉·倫道夫·赫斯特基金會）。大蕭條對即使是最富有的人都會帶來損失，威廉·倫道夫也不例外。他那種荒誕放縱的生活方式不能再繼續(xù)下去了，他的財(cái)政開始逐漸吃緊。這種放蕩生活的下一篇章開始了。就在他行將破產(chǎn)的時候，馬里恩在把他從債務(wù)中挽救出來。她無私地賣掉了她的珠寶和一些其他的地產(chǎn)，籌集了100多萬美元。

In 1947, due to his poor health, he was forced to move permanently to Beverly Hills.Marion looked after him during this time, seldom leaving his side.When he died in 1951 at the age of 88, she was shunned(避開)by his family and forbidden to attend his funeral.1947年，由于健康狀況惡化，他被迫永久地住在貝弗莉山上。馬里恩在此期間一直照顧他，幾乎沒有離開過他的身邊。當(dāng)他于1951年88歲去世時，她卻被他的家庭有意避開，并被禁止參加葬禮。

The castle, its furnishings, the artworks in the gallery, and 127 acres of land were given to the state of California in 1957.Since that time, the California Department of Parks and Recreation has kept the castle open to tourists.這座城堡，連同里面的家具設(shè)施，走廊里的藝術(shù)品，以及127英畝的土地在1957年給了加利福尼亞政府。從那時起，加利福尼亞公園和娛樂部一直把這座城堡向游人開放。Today a visit to the estate begins near the site of the old airstrip.Guests are transported to the top of the hill via bus.One can still see the signs giving wandering animals the “right-of-way” on the lanes.Deer, cattle, and sheep often halt the buses? progress up or down the mountain as they meander(漫游)to the salt licks.今天游覽到這個莊園，起點(diǎn)就在舊飛機(jī)跑道所在位置附近。客人們乘巴士到山頂。路上，仍然可以看見讓放養(yǎng)的動物們“優(yōu)先通行”的標(biāo)示牌。鹿、牛和羊悠閑地在鹽漬地舔食時，常常迫使正在行駛的上下山巴士停下來。

Depending on the tour one chooses, guides escort(護(hù)送,陪同)the public through a variety of rooms, gardens, cottages, and pools.The luxury of a bygone(過去的)era is evident at every turn.From the moment you arrive at the stairway to the Neptune Pool until you bid farewell to your guides at the magnificent, golden and blue Roman Pool, you are reminded that a man had a dream.He had power and influence.Furthermore, he was prosperous enough to achieve his objectives and implement his dream.根據(jù)你選好的路線，導(dǎo)游會陪你經(jīng)過各種房間、花園、別墅和水池。處處顯現(xiàn)出昔日的奢華。從到達(dá)通向尼普頓水池樓梯的那一刻起，到在金碧輝煌的羅馬水池邊對導(dǎo)游說再見，你會一直想起一個有夢想的人。他有才能和影響力。而且他曾經(jīng)飛黃騰達(dá)，能夠達(dá)到他的目的并實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想。

5、Yip Sang, a Chinese-Canadian [加籍華人阿壽] The British and Chinese signed the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, each providing their respective subjects with the right to benefit from full security and protection for their persons and property within each other?s boundaries.Even though China did no openly allow emigration(移居), in 1860 a law was passed which stated that Chinese seeking to work in the British Colonies or other places were at liberty to do so.They had only to ship themselves and their families on board any British vessel at any of the open ports in China.In 1868, another treaty, this one with the United States, gave the Chinese the right to change their home and loyalty from one country to another for the purposes of curiosity, of trade, or as permanent residents, thereby opening the gates for emigration from China.1842年，中英兩國簽訂《南京條約》，雙方為各自的國民提供在彼此的疆域內(nèi)享有人員和財(cái)產(chǎn)受到完全保護(hù)的權(quán)利。盡管中國沒有公開允許移民出境，但1860年通過的一條法律規(guī)定尋求在英國殖民地或其他地方工作的華人有這種移民自由。他們及其家人只要登上在中國任一個開放港口里的任一艘英國船只即可。1868年，另一個條約——一個與美國簽訂的條約——給予那些觀光、貿(mào)易或永久定居為目的的華人將家庭及對國家的效忠從一個國家轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個國家的權(quán)利。從而打開了從中國移民出境的大門。

The gold boom in British Columbia in the 1850?s was the beginning of Chinese immigration from the U.S.into Canada.Many of these early immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong provinces to San Francisco.When they heard of the gold discoveries in British Columbia, many crossed the border into Canada by moving overland through Oregon or arriving by sea in Victoria.When the gold deposits were depleted(用盡,枯竭), these early settler stayed, moving into occupations like gardening, farming, domestic service, road construction, and railway building.By 1871, these were approximately 3,000 Chinese inhabitants in the province, only 53 of whom being women.1850年不列顛哥倫比亞的淘金熱開始了華人從美國移民到加拿大的歷程。在這些早期移民中間，很多人是從福建省、廣東省乘船到達(dá)舊金山的。當(dāng)聽說在不列顛哥倫比亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金礦，很多人從陸路穿越俄勒岡州，過邊境進(jìn)入加拿大，或者乘船到達(dá)維多利亞港。當(dāng)金礦被淘盡的時候，這些早期的定居者留了下來，轉(zhuǎn)而從事園藝、農(nóng)業(yè)、家政服務(wù)、道路和鐵路建設(shè)等行業(yè)。到1871年，這個省大約有3,000名華裔居民，其中只有53名婦女。Since Chinese workers were know to be conscientious and reliable, several companies actively recruited them.As a result, it was estimated that 10,000 workers arrived between 1882 and 1884.In an effort to restrict the entry of Chinese immigrants, an act was passed in the Canadian Parliament confining the proportion to one person for every 50 tons of vessel tonnage(船舶的噸數(shù)).A head tax was also imposed.Records of those who paid the head tax are still available for viewing in the National Archives of Canada.因?yàn)槿A人勞工以勤勞守信聞名，多家公司爭相雇傭他們。結(jié)果，在1882年至1884年期間，估計(jì)來了10,000名工人。為了有效地限制華人入境，加拿大國會通過了一項(xiàng)法令，限制每50噸排水噸位只能運(yùn)載1人，還征收人頭稅。那些交了人頭稅的人，其檔案至今還可以在加拿大國家檔案館查閱到。

An article in the Illustrated London News in January 1875 gave some insight into the emigration process of the Chinese by conveying the ideas of changes they might undergo.The author thought the modifications(修改,改造)would be slight and principally external.He believed that, in an attempt to blend in, the Chinese would adopt American language, culture, and dress.However, because the Chinese brought with them a strong sense of their own identity, it wasn?t necessary for them to cultivate a North American way of life, nor did they feel an obligation to abandon their traditions.Much of the article would be considered insulting by today?s standards.1875年元月刊登在《倫敦新聞畫報(bào)》上的一篇文章，通過揭示華人一些觀念的改變，對移民過程做了某些深層的透視。其作者認(rèn)為，他們的變化是很小的，而且基本上都是外在的。他相信在努力融入當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣倪^程中，華人接受了美洲的語言、文化和服飾。然而，因?yàn)槿A人總是帶有一種對他們自己身份的強(qiáng)烈認(rèn)同感，要他們養(yǎng)成北美的生活方式是沒有必要的，他們也認(rèn)為沒有義務(wù)放棄自己的傳統(tǒng)。以今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，這篇文章的大部分內(nèi)容可以被認(rèn)為是帶有侮辱性的。

In the United States, there were two opposing points of view.On one side of the coin, the Chinese were seen as an inexpensive means of providing the manual labor necessary to develop the assets of the country, most often in hazardous occupations.On the other side, there were those who branded them as the “curse” of the nation.Some Americans applauded the Chinese but others condemned them as evil.Some were disturbed by what might happen if all the immigrants decided to stay.Their distress was unfounded however, as most Chinese had no intention of staying.Their greatest wish was to accumulate as much money as possible and return to China.在美國，存在兩種對立的觀點(diǎn)。一方面，華人被看成廉價的勞動力，為這個國家的財(cái)富積累提供了必要的人力資源，大多數(shù)通常從事危險的職業(yè)。另一方面，又有人污蔑他們是這個國家的“禍根”。有些美國人贊揚(yáng)中國人，另一些人則指責(zé)他們是惡棍。還有些人憂心忡忡于如果所有移民都決定留下來可能會發(fā)生的問題。然而，他們的擔(dān)心毫無道理，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)華人并沒打算留下來。他們最大的愿望就是盡可能地?cái)€錢，然后回到中國。

Guilds(行會,協(xié)會)were set up to provide lodging and employment for the emigrants, for a fee of course.The fee ensured that the worker would be paid a decent wage and that his employer would not deceive him.The accumulated fees amounted to a large sum, allowing the Guilds to help those who were ill or out of work.They not only saw that the worker received whatever was due to him, they also made him pay all his debts.The worker wasn?t allowed to return to his own country without a certificate from his agent stating he owned nothing.為移民提供食宿和就業(yè)的行會建立了起來。當(dāng)然，這是要付錢的。所付費(fèi)用可以保證工人得到合理的工資，不受雇主欺騙。會費(fèi)累積到很大一筆的時候，行會就能夠幫助生病或失業(yè)的人。他們不僅要注意工人是否得到應(yīng)得的收入，還要使他還清所有的債務(wù)。沒有其代理人出具的無欠債的證明，工人是不允許回到自己國家的。

Many Chinese were able to save a portion of their earnings to take with them to their family back home.Often, after workers returned to China, they would revisit North America to accumulate more money.Before being allowed to board a ship in China, however, they had to prove that they were going to their own free will and were under no labor contract.Before the ships set sail.The authorities would visit to guarantee that all on board had their ticket stamped and were not leaving the country against their will.很多華人能夠存下一部分收入，回家時帶回他們的祖國。工人們回到中國后，常常會再次到北美掙更多的錢。然而，在中國，被允許上船之前，他們必須證明自己是自愿走的，并不是受勞動合同的約束。在開船之前，當(dāng)局會上來檢查，保證船上所有的人都檢過票，并且不是違反他們的意愿離開這個國家的。

Yip Sang, born in Canton(廣州舊稱)in 1845, left China at the age of nineteen to seek his fortune in America.After arriving in San Francisco in 1864, he earned a living by working first as a dish-washer, then as a cook, and finally as a cigar roller.From the outset, he perceived that if he was patient and could represent the best of his race, his merits would be recognized.Possibly the attraction of high wages rumored to be offered by Canadian railroad companies roused Yip San to leave San Francisco.He arrived in Vancouver in 1881 and worked on the western portion of the Canadian pacific Railroad from 1882 until 1884, first as a book-keeper, then as a time-keeper, and finally as a paymaster(出納員), before being promoted to Chinese superintendent(主管)for the supply company.The promotion made him responsible for hiring on contract and transporting thousands of men from China to work on the railway line in British Columbia.He supervised(監(jiān)督,管理)some six to seven thousand Chinese workers during the peak of the construction.阿壽，1845年出生于廣東，19歲時離開中國到美國謀生。1864年到達(dá)舊金山后，靠打工過活，先是當(dāng)洗碗工，然后是廚師，最后是雪茄卷煙工。從一開始，他就認(rèn)識到，只要他有耐心，能夠表現(xiàn)出最佳的能力，就會實(shí)現(xiàn)他的價值。也許是受傳聞中加拿大鐵路公司所給的高工資的吸引，阿壽離開了舊金山。1881年他到溫哥華。1882年至1884年，他在加拿大太平洋鐵路的西段工作。先是做簿記員，然后是記工員，出納員，最后被提拔為供應(yīng)公司的華人主管。這次晉升使他負(fù)責(zé)雇傭合同的事務(wù)，他把幾千人從中國運(yùn)送到不列顛哥倫比亞的鐵路線上工作。在建設(shè)高峰期間，他管理的華工達(dá)六、七千人。

In 1885, he returned to China using the money he had saved from his CPR job.He remained there from 1885 until 1888, while there he married four different wives, a regular occurrence at the time for wealthy young men.He and his first wife, Lee She, had a son and a daughter.Lee She became gravely(嚴(yán)重的)ill after their marriage and urged Yip Sang to take another wife, one who could be able to take good care of their children.Wong She, Yip Sang?s second wife, was very young with “sensitive” eyes, but did not meet with the approval of Lee Shee.She insisted he should marry third time, and this time choose someone more suitable to care for the children.Dong She, wife number three, was more mature and had the capacity to supervise the household and the children.Dong Shee convinced Yip Sang to take a fourth wife, Chin She, whose primary role was to be Dong She?s companion.With his four wives, Yip Sang had 23 children, one of whom became the first Chinese Canadian doctor to be recognized in Canada.In 1888, Yip Sang returned to Canada with three wives——Lee She died before they left.1885年，他用在加拿大太平洋鐵路公司掙的錢回到中國，并從1885年住到1888年。在那里，他娶了四個妻子。那時，對富有的年輕人來說這種情況很普遍。他和他的第一位妻子李氏有一個兒子和一個女兒。李氏在婚后得了重病，力勸他再娶一位妻子，以便照顧他們的孩子。他的第二位妻子汪氏，很年輕，有一雙“多情”的眼睛，但卻得不到李氏的認(rèn)可。她堅(jiān)持要他再結(jié)第三次婚，這次一定會選一個能夠照顧孩子的。第三位妻子董氏比較成熟，有能力管理家務(wù)和照顧孩子。董氏又說服他要了第四位妻子金氏，她的主要角色是董氏的幫手。他與他的四個妻子有二十三個孩子，其中一個成為加拿大知名的第一位加籍華人醫(yī)生。他和他的三個妻子于1888年回到加拿大——李氏在他們走之前已經(jīng)去世。

On his return to Canada he undertook a new enterprise.He became a merchant, opening an import-export business in the heart of Vancouver's Chinatown.Wing Sang Company specialized in goods imported from China.The company provided Chinese Canadians with merchandise(商品)not readily available in Vancouver and exported Canadian foodstuffs(食品)to China.這次回到加拿大，他創(chuàng)辦了一家新企業(yè)。他成了一位商人，在溫哥華唐人街的中心地段開了一家進(jìn)出口公司。Wing Sang公司的業(yè)務(wù)是從中國進(jìn)口貨物。該公司為華裔加拿大人供應(yīng)在溫哥華不容易買到的商品，并把加拿大的食品出口到中國。

His formula of pouring as much money as he could afford into building and expansion couldn?t help but succeed.In 1889, Yip Sang bought land on Pender Street in Chinatown and began construction of a complex, which still stands today.Initially(最初)being a two-story building with a ground floor storefront and a second floor residence, it was probably the first in Chinatown to be built of durable brick.Customers of the store walked on wooden platforms covering the unpaved dirt streets to avoid tracking the dust and mud into the building.他傾其所有投資房地產(chǎn)的方式和擴(kuò)展經(jīng)營的方法大獲成功。1889年，阿壽在唐人街的彭得街買地，開始建一座綜合大樓，這座大樓至今猶在。最初是一座兩層大樓，一樓作店面，二樓住人，這也許是唐人街上用耐用磚建造的第一座樓房。顧客進(jìn)商店前，要走過鋪在土路街上的木板平臺，以免把灰塵和泥土帶進(jìn)屋里。

With the tone of success, Yip Sang added to his building.In 1901, he widened the street to accommodate three more shops, each with a second story above.He also added a third floor to the original building in the same year.In 1912, to house both his growing family and his business, he built a new six-story brick building behind the old one and connected to it by a narrow corridor at ground level, and by an enclosed stairway extension on the third floor that stretched above the alley between the two buildings.Most of the new building was used to warehouse goods for the import/export business.伴隨成功的步伐，阿壽擴(kuò)建了他的房屋。1901年，他加寬了街道以適應(yīng)另外三個商店的需要，每個都是兩層的。同年，他在原來的房屋上加了第三層。1912年，為滿足不斷增長的家庭和事業(yè)的用房需要，他在舊房子的后面建了一座六層的磚房。兩座房屋之間的地面有個狹小的走廊相連，在三樓上架設(shè)了一個跨過兩座樓之間小巷的樓梯。大多數(shù)房間用于儲存進(jìn)出口貨物。

Yip Sang?s involvement(卷入)with shipping companies and his own business demonstrated his understanding of the freight industry and his ability to work fluently in both Chinese and English languages.In 1889, the CPR rehired Yip Sang to act as their Chinese Passenger Agent for their Canadian Steamship Line, a position he held until his death in 1927 at the age of 82.阿壽與船運(yùn)公司的聯(lián)系以及他自己的事業(yè)，展示了他對運(yùn)輸業(yè)的了解和熟練使用漢語和英語工作的能力。1889年，加拿大太平洋鐵路公司再次請他擔(dān)任加拿大輪船公司的華人旅客代理。他擔(dān)任這個職務(wù)一直到1927年82歲去世時為止。

The demand for salted herring(鯡魚)in china, in conjunction with huge catches being brought in by the fishing fleet, spurred Yip Sang to build a fish packing plant in Nanaimo.The success of this plant led to the opening of a second plant on Vancouver Island soon afterward.Both plants were staffed by large numbers of Chinese workers and helped establish sizeable(相當(dāng)大的)Chinese community in Nanaimo?s downtown core.對中國咸鯡魚的大量需求，再加上漁船船隊(duì)帶回來的巨大捕獲量，促使阿壽在南奈莫建立了魚片加工廠。這個廠的成功又促使他不久就在溫哥華島開了第二家。兩個廠雇傭了大量的華工，幫助在南奈莫城中心建立了一個很大的華人社區(qū)。

Consistent with Yip Sang?s devotion to growth and improvement, he promoted and fostered(支持)education.Not only did he found the Ok Kuo Night School, he also served as its principal for over ten years.His children went to public school, but they also received schooling at home from tutors hired from Hong Kong to teach them Chinese.Yip Sang took great pleasure in quizzing his offspring(子女,后代)about their lessons.His philosophy was that by moderating the children?s Canadian education with fundamental Chinese, the equation would result in well-rounded, responsible citizens.與對事業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的投入相一致的是，阿壽支持和鼓勵教育。他不僅建了Ok Kuo夜校，還擔(dān)任這所學(xué)校的校長達(dá)十多年。他的孩子們進(jìn)的是公立學(xué)校，但他們在家還要接受教育。他從香港雇來家庭教師教他們漢語。阿壽以極大的興致關(guān)心孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)。他的哲學(xué)是，把基礎(chǔ)漢語加入到孩子們的加拿大教育中，綜合起來將培養(yǎng)出更全面、更負(fù)責(zé)的公民。As a keen advocate of education in Canada, Yip Sang also sponsored education abroad in China.The ling-nan University and Toi-shan Middle School in his hometown of Canton were established with his help.作為一個加拿大教育的熱心倡導(dǎo)者，身在國外的阿壽還贊助中國的教育。他家鄉(xiāng)廣東的Ling-nan大學(xué)和Toi-shan中學(xué)就是在他的幫助下建立的。

Throughout his life, he maintained an active role in Vancouver?s Chinatown.He was one of eleven men, his contemporaries, who founded the Chinese Benevolent(慈善的)Association, one component of which looked after the ill, elderly or destitute(貧困的)Chinese in the absence of their families.縱觀他的一生，他始終是溫哥華唐人街里的活躍人物。他是當(dāng)時一起建立華人慈善協(xié)會的十一個人之一，協(xié)會有一個部門是照顧無家可歸的生病、年邁或有困難的華人的。When he died at the age of 82, Yip Sang was not only one of the wealthiest merchants in Vancouver;he was also considered a pillar of the community.Yip Sang?s descendants(后裔,后代)continue to honor his values and remain active in the Vancouver Community.在他82歲去世的時候，阿壽不僅是溫哥華最富有的人之一，還被認(rèn)為是社會的棟梁。阿壽的后代一直以他的成熟為榮，繼續(xù)在溫哥華社會中發(fā)揮著積極的作用。

6、An Ideal Position [理想職業(yè)] Life is good.My career in elementary education in Canada is now just a fond memory.I think back on the many years of service and I recall the many classed I taught, the different schools I worked at, the countless staff meetings I attended and the many committees I served on.I estimate that the number of faculty members I worked with over the years is in the hundreds and well over a thousand students have called me teacher.Is it any wonder that I can say that I always felt comfortable walking in school corridors? 生活是美好的。在加拿大教小學(xué)的職業(yè)生涯，如今成了美好的回憶?；仡櫠嗄甑墓ぷ?，我想起了我教的許多班級，我工作過的多所學(xué)校，我出席過的數(shù)不清的教職員工會議，以及我參與服務(wù)的眾多委員會。我估計(jì)，這些年來，和我一起工作過的同事有好幾百人了，而有一千多名學(xué)生叫過我老師。我要是說我走在學(xué)校走廊上總是覺得很愉快，沒什么奇怪吧？ Sometimes I worked with students at the intermediate level.In Canada, students at that level are youth in their preteen(青春期前的)years as well as teenagers.When I decided to retire, I knew that the first step in the procedure was to write a letter to my employer, a school board, to resign my position.I postponed mailing the letter.I was reluctant to add the postage to the letter, knowing that once I mailed it, the decision could not be reversed.有時，我的工作是教中年級的學(xué)生。在加拿大，這個階段的學(xué)生和十幾歲青少年都是青春期前的孩子。

當(dāng)我決定退休的時候，我知道辦手續(xù)的第一步是寫一封信給我的老板，即學(xué)校董事會，要求辭去我的工作。我推遲了寄信。我不太愿意把郵票貼到信封上，因?yàn)槲抑酪坏┌研偶某?，這個決定就不能更改了。

Because I was a veteran teacher of many years, I would be eligible to receive a pension.I calculated that the revenue(收入)I would receive each month would be sufficient to sustain my current lifestyle.If I was smart about my spending habits, I might even have a surplus of money.I certainly would not need to pinch every penny.I knew the money would not come to me in the form of a check.Instead, it would be deposited directly into my bank account.I could withdraw cash from my investments if I needed to supplement my income, my credit rating would allow me to be eligible for a loan when some unforeseen(預(yù)料不到的)financial crisis a rose.I knew, therefore, that there was no reason to panic, as my future was secure even if inflation increased or a recession occurred.In either case my income would only be minus a few dollars, a fraction of the total amount.因?yàn)槲沂枪ぷ鞫嗄甑睦辖處?，我有資格領(lǐng)取一份退休金。我算出我每月領(lǐng)到的退休金足夠維持我現(xiàn)在的生活方式。如果在花錢時精打細(xì)算，我甚至可能還有剩余。當(dāng)然，我不需要去節(jié)省每個便士。這些錢不會以一張支票的形式發(fā)到我手上，而是直接存入到我的銀行賬戶。如果我需要補(bǔ)貼收入，可以撤回一些投資換成現(xiàn)金。而且，我的信用等級使我有資格在出現(xiàn)無法預(yù)料的財(cái)政危機(jī)時得到銀行貸款。因此，我知道沒有理由驚惶失措，即使是通貨膨脹或者出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，我的將來也是有保障的。不論出現(xiàn)哪種情況，我的收入只不過是減少這些錢，那只是總數(shù)中的一小部分而已。

I decided to take the plunge, but waited another fortnight before I mailed the letter.I even paused briefly(簡短的,暫時的)with the letter part way into the mail slot(投信口,狹縫)before I thrust the letter into the mailbox.I knew that the simple act of mailing that letter would alter my life.我決定冒險一試，但我又等了兩個星期才把信發(fā)出去。甚至在信已經(jīng)部分插入投信口時，還猶豫了一會兒才把它推進(jìn)郵筒。我知道寄出這封信的這一簡單舉動將改變我的生活。I looked for clues to determine how striking the changes in my daily life would be.How would I spend my time? In spite of having many long yearly vacations when I could pursue other interests, I had not bothered to make an earnest effort to confine my activities to one particular hobby.Would I find life as a retiree boring? What new adventures might await me? Would I use my time to volunteer at a hospital or maybe work for a local charity? Maybe I would apply for membership in a golf league.Maybe I would donate(捐贈)my time and work with the Better Business Bureau.I night decide to enter local politics and run for a position on town council or I could run for the position of Deputy Mayor of my town, or maybe even consider submitting my name to be a candidate in an election for member of parliament(國會).I would need to campaign and then wait to see if people would vote for me on Election Day at the polls.我在尋找一些線索，以便決定如何就會日常生活的改變。我該如何消磨時光？盡管有了很多一年一次的假期，可以讓我追求其他的興趣愛好，我還是想盡力把我的活動放在追求一個特別的愛好上。我會厭煩退休人員的生活嗎？會有什么新的冒險生活在等著我嗎？我會利用我的時間在一所醫(yī)院或者本地的一家慈善機(jī)構(gòu)做自愿服務(wù)者嗎？也許我會申請成為一個高爾夫球協(xié)會的會員。也許我會把時間貢獻(xiàn)出來為商業(yè)扶助局工作。我可以決定進(jìn)入本地的政界，競選市議會議員的位置，或者可以競選一下本市的副市長，甚至可以考慮讓自己成為國會議員選舉中的一位候選人。我需要參加競選活動，然后，等著看是否有人會在選舉日到投票處把票投給我。

In spite of the fact that the possibilities all had merit, I had to admit that I only had a superficial interest in pursuing any of them.In fact, I was indifferent to most of the options.Did I think they might interfere with other commitments(義務(wù),委托)or mean I would have to cancel other appointments? Or was I just too attached to the idea of teaching, feeling that it formed part of my identity? 盡管這些可能的選擇都是有益的，我必須承認(rèn)我對它們之中的任何一個都沒有多大興趣。事實(shí)上，我對其中的大多數(shù)選擇都不動心。是否因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為它們可能干擾我決定要做的其他事情，或者意味著我將不得不取消其他的約會呢？還是我對教書的想法太執(zhí)著，覺得那已經(jīng)成為我自身的一部分？

I examined my emotions about the new direction my life would take.Would retirement add a new dimension to my life and multiply my feeling of satisfaction or would the world apprehension(理解,領(lǐng)悟)be more applicable? 我在心里仔細(xì)衡量著我的新生活究竟要走向何方。是退休給我的生活帶來一種全新的方式，使我倍感稱心呢，還是（走出去與人）溝通交流更切實(shí)可行？

Did I feel guilty about not being gainfully(有利益的)employed when I was qualified and capable? As a certified(被證明的)teacher, did I feel obligated to work in the field of education? Did I feel entitled to sleep in late each day, or would that bother my conscience? Would I simply grow old gracefully or would feel that ridiculous? 當(dāng)我夠資格有能力但沒被高薪聘用時，我會覺得慚愧嗎？作為一個有執(zhí)業(yè)資格的教師，我是覺得有義務(wù)在教育領(lǐng)域里工作嗎？我覺得有資格每天睡懶覺呢，還是那樣會使我良心不安？我是這樣悠閑地衰老下去呢，還是會覺得那樣很可笑？

My instincts told me that although I would feel grateful for my good health, curiosity about other countries and lifestyles would overtake the desire to spend my time with senior citizens, playing board games, such as chess all day.Wouldn?t I rather learn about other cultures and at the same time be an ambassador for my own country? 我本能地告訴我，盡管我覺得身體很健康，應(yīng)該保持，但對其他國家和其他生活方式的好奇心，超過了希望把時間花在與老人們整天玩像國際象棋這樣的棋盤游戲上。難道我不能學(xué)習(xí)其他文化，同時做一名我自己國家文化的使者嗎？

I began to inquire about opportunities and whenever I searched the internet for jobs, I always seemed be drawn like a magnet to the category of teaching.It did not take long before I found that there were countless positions available in many countries.Amid the listings I identified several that were for teaching positions in China.我開始尋找機(jī)會，每當(dāng)我搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)尋找工作時，我總是像一塊磁石一樣被吸引到教學(xué)目錄上。沒過多久，我就發(fā)現(xiàn)在許多國家可以得到數(shù)不盡的工作。在這些目錄表中，我挑選了幾個在中國的教書工作。

I decided that I would communicate with some of the people offering these positions.I sent e-mails and made phone calls to several prospective(可能的,未來的)employers.The feedback that I got from most of them was that they expected me to bring all the resources necessary.How could I pack enough in my baggage to provide what was needed? I was inclined to look for a situation where books were provided.I wanted to sign a contract for only one semester but found that most positions were for one or two years.I could sympathize with the amount of paper work needed to arrange for a person to accept one of those positions and realized that it was wiser for people to spend a year or two in one location.I attended seminars by companies trying to recruit teachers.I found several companies that captured my interest.我決定與提供這些工作的人聯(lián)系。我給幾個有希望雇用我的雇主發(fā)電子郵件，打電話。他們中的大部分回答說，他們希望我?guī)纤斜匦璧馁Y料。我怎樣才能在我的行李中裝上足夠的東西以備所需呢？我傾向于找一個能提供書籍的地方。我只想簽一個學(xué)期的合同，但發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)的職位是一年或二年。我可以理解，要安排一個人擔(dān)任其中一個職位，要做的工作量相當(dāng)大，并認(rèn)識到受聘人員在一個地方呆一年或兩年是更明智的。我參加了想招聘老師的公司的討論會。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個我感興趣的公司。

I began to review my options.I asked specific questions about the positions with companies that sincerely interested me.I inquired about how many suitcases I would be allowed to bring and what the living accommodations would be.It was refreshing to realize that there was a big demand for people who could teach English.Several positions seemed superior in their benefits and they sparked my interest even more.I especially wanted to teach students at the secondary or high school level rather than middle school.我開始核實(shí)我的選擇。我向真正對我感興趣的公司問了幾個特定的有關(guān)職位方面的問題。我詢問我可以帶多少個手提箱，食宿條件如何。了解到對教英語的人有這么大的需求，真是令人振奮不已。有幾個職位在待遇方面好像不錯，這更加激發(fā)了我的興趣。我特別想教的是高中而不是初中。

I could hardly believe that I was contemplating(盤算,思量)dong this at this age of my life.At times I felt that it was a radical idea but I also realized that I had always had the desire to have this kind of experience but circumstances never seemed quite right.Now they were.I decided to proceed.我?guī)缀醪幌嘈旁谖乙簧械倪@個階段還希望做這件事。有時，我覺得這是一個過激的想法，但是我也知道我一直有想獲得這種經(jīng)歷的欲望，只是環(huán)境從來沒有這么合適?，F(xiàn)在是時候了。我決定堅(jiān)持下去。

I made an oral agreement with a company.I read their written contracts, clause by clause;to be sure nothing had been omitted from the oral agreement.In spite of wanting the clause about staying two years to be deleted, I signed the legal contract after a few minor changes were made and initialed in the margin.我與一家公司達(dá)成了一個口頭協(xié)議。然后我一條一條地讀了他們的書面合同，確信沒有從口頭協(xié)議中漏掉什么。盡管很想刪掉關(guān)于工作二年的那一條，但在做了一些較小的變動后，我簽了法律合同并在頁邊簽字。

There were many details to consider.After choosing the company that I wanted to work for, I still had to take a long time look at my circumstances.I decided that I would sell my car, put my personal belongings in storage and rent my house.A lot of time and effort was required to make all the arrangements.I decided to tackle(解決)one aspect at a time.還有很多細(xì)節(jié)要考慮。在選定了我要去工作的公司后，我還花了很長時間認(rèn)真地考慮我現(xiàn)在的狀況。我決定賣掉我的汽車，把我的個人財(cái)產(chǎn)保存好，并把我的房子租出去。做好所有這些安排要花許多時間和精力。我決定一件一件來處理。

The first thing I targeted was to sell my car.As a matter of principle, I felt that the value of the car would depreciate(貶值,跌價)over the time I was out of the country.The sensible strategy was to sell it.Fortunately, my niece wanted to buy the car.我要做的第一件事是賣掉我的汽車。事實(shí)上，我覺得在我出國這段時間里汽車會貶值，明智的辦法就是賣掉它。正好，我的侄女想買這輛汽車。

I made a list of things to take with me.I was advised to take auxiliary light.I packed battery-operated flashlights to be used to case of power failure.I included a waterproof jacket in case I needed to walk to school in the rain.我列出了一個我要帶走的物品的清單。有人勸我?guī)陷o助照明設(shè)備。我在包里裝進(jìn)了使用電池的手電筒，以備萬一停電時使用。我也沒忘帶上一件防水夾克，以防下雨時需要步行。I needed to sort my belongings.I had to decide what to save and what to pitch out.For example, I decided I no longer needed my typewriter, as I only used my computer for word processing now, so I decided to give it away.我需要的把我的財(cái)產(chǎn)分類。我必須決定哪些東西保留，哪些東西扔掉。例如，我決定不再需要打字機(jī)了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我只用計(jì)算機(jī)作文字處理，于是我決定把它贈送給別人。

I made many lists and developed a cold as a way to catalogue my possessions.As I packed items in cardboard boxes, I made a list regarding the contents on the outside of each box.I packed dishes in towels to protect them.Many times I had to undo a box because I forgot to list the contents.When I finally snapped the lid of a box shut, I sealed it with transparent tape and checked to be sure that it would not loosen.I also included another tag, which gave each box a number because all cardboard boxes look identical.I was careful not to abbreviate(縮寫)the names of items in the lists lest that would mislead me as to the contents.I continued with this method, which also created an index of items.It seemed the rational way to coordinate and organize things.I remarked many times during this phase of my preparations that I had not realized I had so much gear.我做了許多目錄，還作了編碼，作為對我的東西進(jìn)行分類的一個辦法。當(dāng)我把這些物品裝入紙板箱時，在每個箱子的外面，我再作一個所裝物品的目錄。我用毛巾把盤子包起來保護(hù)它們不會破碎。有很多次，我因?yàn)橥浟谐鏊b的東西而不得不再次把箱子打開。當(dāng)我在最后啪嗒一聲關(guān)上箱子蓋子的時候，我就用透明膠帶把它封好，并進(jìn)行檢查，確信它不會松動。我還準(zhǔn)備了另一個標(biāo)簽，為每個箱子編一個數(shù)字，因?yàn)樗械募埌逑淇瓷先ナ且粯拥摹Ｎ液苄⌒?，不在目錄中縮寫每一件的名字以免使我認(rèn)錯里面的東西。我繼續(xù)使用這個方法，還編制了一個物品索引。看來這是一個組織協(xié)調(diào)的合理方法。在準(zhǔn)備期間，我多次感嘆，我怎么會有這么多雜物。

At times I had to laugh at myself.My activities seemed like they would make a good script for a comedy.Maybe I should write a play about what I was doing and copyright it.It certainly would be good for a few scenes on a soap opera.有時，我不得不自我解嘲。我的活動好像可以作為一出喜劇的好素材。也許我應(yīng)該把我正在做的事情寫成一個劇本并取得版權(quán)，作為一出肥皂劇里面的幾幕肯定是不錯的。

On the spur of the moment I decided to loan my sofa and my rug to my niece who was moving to a larger home.That would mean a few less things to put into storage.I fulfilled my obligation to provide proof of good health.I had a chest x-ray taken.I had a complete physical examination.I had dental check up.Because my health reports all indicated I was in excellent health, all of the health care professionals I visited encouraged me to pursue my adventure.I renewed my passport, my proof of identity as a Canadian citizen.I knew that once I arrived in China I would also be registered with the Canadian Embassy.我不假思索地就決定把我的沙發(fā)和我的小地毯借給我的侄女，她就要搬到一個較大的家了。這意味著可以少儲藏幾件東西了。我履行了提供身體健康證明的義務(wù)。我作了X光胸透，還作了一個全面的體檢，并且檢查了牙齒。因?yàn)樗械慕】祱?bào)告都表明我身體很好，我拜訪過的那些保健專家都鼓勵我去從事我的冒險活動。我延長了護(hù)照的期限，那是確認(rèn)我是一個加拿大公民的證明。一旦抵達(dá)中國，我要在加拿大使館登記。

My family?s reaction when I told them about my plans was as expected.Although they sanctioned my idea and supported me the endeavor(努力,盡力), they were sad to think that I would be half way across the world for such a long time.The frown on my grandson?s face told me that the situation would be especially difficult for him and that he might feel neglected by me.當(dāng)我把我的計(jì)劃告訴我的家人時，他們的反應(yīng)和我預(yù)料的一樣。雖然他們同意我的想法而且盡力支持我，但想到我要橫跨半個世界，離開如此長的時間，他們還是有點(diǎn)難過。我孫子眉頭緊鎖的表情告訴我，他尤其難過，他可能覺得我忽視了他。Although I could scarcely argue with the comments of my family about their feelings, for their sake I talked about the time away from home as if it was just a few short days.I would be backing home before they knew it.They suggested that I come back after one year for the summer and then return for the second year.I agreed to this plan.對于我家人的擔(dān)心，雖然我不用就他們的意見進(jìn)行解釋，但為了讓他們放心，我說這次離家的時間就好像只是短短幾天罷了，不知不覺我就回家了。他們提議我在一年之后回來過夏天，然后再返回去繼續(xù)第二年的工作。我同意了這個計(jì)劃。

Five years ago, would I have thought that this was in the realm of possibility? I doubt that I would have.But here I am in China, in my second year of living in this amazingly progressive civilization, and I can honestly say that I have never once regretted my decision to teach in China.I must also admit that I have learned far more from my students than they have learned from me.I admire their thirst for knowledge and they seem to thrive on challenges.They never seen tempted to take a short cut, always working hard and giving a supreme effort.Their tolerance for their English teacher?s lack of familiarity with Chinese customs has been appreciated.They always are positive in their attitudes toward me and have helped me whenever they could.At times they have insisted on doing things for me that was capable of doing myself.It has become a habit to surrender to their wishes to assist.One student in particular always takes on the job of carrying my packages, saying that it is his pleasure to be my porter.在五年前，我會想到這是可能的嗎？我想我不會。但是，現(xiàn)在我就在另，已經(jīng)是在這個正以驚人的速度前進(jìn)的文明國度里的第二年了。我可以真誠地說，對于在中國教書的決定，我從不曾后悔過。我還得承認(rèn)，我從學(xué)生們那里學(xué)到的東西，遠(yuǎn)多于他們從我這里學(xué)到的。我欽佩他們對知識的渴望，他們含金量在挑戰(zhàn)之中成長。他們從不設(shè)法走捷徑，總是刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，付出最大的努力。他們對他們的英語老師對中國習(xí)俗缺乏了解的寬容，值得贊賞。他們總是以肯定的態(tài)度待我，并且盡可能給我?guī)椭?。有時，他們要堅(jiān)持為我做我能夠做的事。滿足他們要幫忙的愿望已經(jīng)變成一個習(xí)慣了。有一個學(xué)生很特別，總是干幫我提包的事，說他很高興當(dāng)我的搬運(yùn)工。

When I started to plan this adventure I had only a vague idea of what the country of china would be like.I could recognize their flag but was not even familiar with their national anthem(國歌).My comprehension of the customs of the country was very limited I felt almost ashamed at how little I knew.I did not know if they used the metric or the imperial(英制的)system of measurement.Would I buy fluids such as milk and soda in quarts or liters? Would I need to learn the Chinese word for gram or for inch? Indeed I had never heard the word ?jin? before.當(dāng)我開始計(jì)劃這次冒險時，對于中國到底是個什么樣子，我只有一個模糊的概念。我可以認(rèn)出他們的國旗，但還不熟悉他們的國歌。我對這個國家的習(xí)俗的了解也非常有限。我覺得慚愧得很，我知道得太少了。我不知道他們是用公制還是英制單位。我要按夸脫還是按升去買牛奶和蘇打等液體商品？我需要學(xué)習(xí)表示“克”或“英寸”的中國字嗎？的確，我以前從未聽到過“斤”這個字。

I knew little about the food I would be eating.Would dairy products such as skim milk and cheese and yoghurt(酸酪)be available? Would I eat only rice and noodles or would the variety of foods be endless? May be I would be enjoying a rack of lean pork ribs as a delicious treat.I was unaware that there were so many dialects in the Chinese language.I had no idea how I would communicate but when I arrived in china, I soon found myself having a limited dialogue with Chinese people.They would try to speak a few words of English and I would attempt a few words in Chinese.However, I resorted to sign language more than words.對于我將要吃的食品，我知道得很少?？梢再I到像脫脂牛奶、乳酪和酸酪這樣的奶制品嗎？我只能吃米飯和面條，還是有各種各樣的食品？也許我能享受到作為美味款待的烤瘦肉豬排。我不知道漢語有這么多方言。我一點(diǎn)兒不知道如何進(jìn)行交流，但是當(dāng)我抵達(dá)中國后，很快發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己可以和中國人進(jìn)行有限的對話。他們常常試著說幾句英語，而我就嘗試幾句漢語。不過，我借助手勢語的時候超過口語。

How much I have learned!It has been a wonderful, rewarding experience and the one comment that comes to my mind is “I wouldn?t have missed it for the world!”

我居然學(xué)了這么多！這真是一次令人愉快的、十分有益的經(jīng)歷。這使我想起了一句話，就是“無論如何我沒有錯過它！”

7、A History of Christmas [圣誕節(jié)的歷史] Christmas is the most cheerful and holy of holidays in the Christian world, which boasts of an estimated 1.8 billion people.Although the origin of this holiday was purely religious, it has evolved into a highly secular(長期的,世俗的)celebration each year.However, strong religious components are still conveyed in various ways each year.The two are intrinsically(本質(zhì)上的,完全的)mixed in the midst of modern commercialism(商業(yè)主義)and attached to.圣誕節(jié)是號稱有大約18億教徒里的基督教世界里最愉快、最神圣的節(jié)日。盡管這個節(jié)日的起因純粹是宗教性的，但它已演變成了每年的非常世俗化的慶?；顒?。不守，純粹宗教性的部分每年還是在以各種方式進(jìn)行著。二者在現(xiàn)代重商主義中，很自然地融合在一起。Christmas day fall on December 25th each year, celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, the son of a carpenter living over two thousand years ago.Christianity(基督教), the movement following the teachings of Christ, roused the world over the next many centuries.It is said that the first celebration of Christmas took place in 336 A.D.in Ancient Rome.No one seems to know for sure if December 25th was actually the date of Christ?s birth, but it is possible that Christian leaders in Ancient Rome wanted to replace pagan(異教的)religious holidays that occurred around the same time.圣誕節(jié)時值每年的12月25日，是耶穌基督的誕生慶典，他是兩千多年前的一個木匠的兒子?；浇?，這場追隨基督教義的運(yùn)動，在接下來的幾個世紀(jì)里影響了全世界。據(jù)說，圣誕節(jié)的第一次慶祝活動是在公元336年的古羅馬舉行的。好像沒有人能肯定12月25日就是基督的實(shí)際誕生日，而更有可能的是，古羅馬的基督教領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人想要以此取代幾乎同時舉行的異教徒的宗教節(jié)日。

Many secular symbols of Christmas have emerged over several centuries.Santa Claus, in his present form, is a fairly recent development whereas his origin, in part, goes back to Roman times.St.Nicholas was an early Christian Bishop(主教)of Patara of the Lycian seaport(in present-day Turkey)in the 4th century A.D.The Roman Emperor Diocletian, who persecuted Christians, imprisoned(監(jiān)禁,關(guān)押)him because the practice of Christianity was illegal.The first Christian Emperor of Rome, Constantine, later released him.Nicholas? reputation for generosity(慷慨,大方), kindness and miracles earned him a widespread reputation and eventually sainthood(圣徒).He is said to have brought back life to the children who had been chopped into pieces by their butcher father.He is reputed to have placed some gold coins in stockings, hung by a fire to dry by three poor girls.He had hoped that the girls would be able to use the money to marry to avoid living on prostitution(賣淫), the common destiny(命運(yùn))of such girls at that time.From this gesture came the tradition of empty oversize(特大的)stockings hanging on fireplaces at Christmas time for Santa to fill with little gifts.From these roots, the present-day Santa Claus seems to have emerged.圣誕節(jié)的很多世俗象征已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)好幾個世紀(jì)了?，F(xiàn)在這種形象的圣誕老人，可以說是最近才出現(xiàn)的。然而，他的起源卻可以部分追溯到古羅馬時代。圣·尼古拉斯是公元4世紀(jì)時利西亞海港的帕塔拉(在現(xiàn)今的土耳其)的一個早期的基督教主教。迫害基督教徒的羅馬皇帝戴克里以非法宣揚(yáng)基督教的罪名把他關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。后來，羅馬的第一位信仰基督教的皇帝康士坦丁釋放了他。尼古拉斯的慷慨、仁慈和圣跡為他贏得了廣泛的聲譽(yù)，最終被尊為圣徒。據(jù)說，他恢復(fù)了被他們那屠夫父親砍成碎片的孩子們的生命。還說他在三個可憐女孩掛起來用火烘烤的長襪子里放了一些金幣，希望這些女孩能用這些錢結(jié)婚，以免淪為妓女，而在那個時代，這種女孩的命運(yùn)大多就是這樣。在圣誕節(jié)，把特大號的空長襪掛在壁爐上面讓圣誕老人放一些小禮物的傳統(tǒng)，就來自這個故事。根據(jù)這些傳說，現(xiàn)代的圣誕老人的形象似乎顯現(xiàn)出來。In some European countries, the image of Father Christmas is identified more closely with Saint Nicholas than with Santa Claus.The red and white suit, that Santa wears, is said to have come from the traditional color of early Christian Bishops? robes.Santa, flying in a sleigh(雪橇)pulled by reindeer(馴鹿), and going down chimneys, originated(起源)from an American poem written in the 1820?s, another American made an engraving(雕刻術(shù))called “Santa?s Workshop” in which Santa, is portrayed(描繪,描寫)in a lovely sunset, scratching his chin, reading letters and checking a list activities which was revived(復(fù)蘇,蘇醒)every year in music and stories told to children during the yuletide(圣誕季節(jié))(Christmas)season.Every year children write letters to Santa Claus before Christmas, asking him to bring favorite toys.在一些歐洲國家，圣誕老人的形象更多的是與圣?尼古拉斯聯(lián)系在一起，而不是與Santa Claus聯(lián)系在一起。圣誕老人穿的紅白相間的服裝，據(jù)說是來自早期基督教主教的長袍的傳統(tǒng)顏色。在馴鹿拉的雪橇上飛翔、從煙囪里下來的圣誕老人，源自19世紀(jì)20年代克萊門特·摩爾寫的一首美國詩“圣誕節(jié)的前夜”。19世紀(jì)60年代，另一個美國人制作了一幅版畫，叫做“圣誕老人的作坊”，上面的圣誕老人被描繪成在美麗的落日余暉下，撓著下巴，讀著信，檢查一份清單(每年在圣誕節(jié)以音樂和故事的形式反復(fù)告訴孩子們的各種活動都列在這份清單上)。每年，孩子們在圣誕節(jié)之前給圣誕老人寫信，請他帶來他們最喜歡的玩具。Santa traditionally navigates(航海)the frosty night skies December 24th without using a compass or a chart to plot his course.He, in his sleigh pulled by nine reindeer, usually lands on slippery sloped roofs.Clumsily(笨拙的), with his big bag heaped with toys and slung(用帶吊掛)over his shoulder, he jumps down chimney and dumps toys under Christmas trees.Gifts often include a doll for a little girl or a train for a little boy.He does all of this without disturbing the inhabitants.Santa then crawls vertically back up the chimneys and, without a trace, flies off, exclaiming the resounding phrase, “Merry Christmas to all, good night”.He is back at his home at the North Pole before dawn on Christmas morning, tired but very happy after his very speedy sweep around the world.After a big yawn, Santa falls asleep.根據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人在12月24日深夜，在寒冷的夜空飛翔，不用使用指南針或者地圖來計(jì)劃他的路線。他坐在由九頭馴鹿拉著的雪橇上，在通常很滑的斜屋頂上降落。他笨拙地扛著一個裝滿玩具的大口袋，從煙囪里跳下來，把玩具倒在圣誕樹下。禮品中常常有送給小女孩的一個洋娃娃，或送給小男孩的一輛小火車。他無聲無息地做著這一切，然后垂直向上從煙囪里爬回去，不留一點(diǎn)痕跡，飛走時大聲地說著那句人們熟知的話：“祝大家圣誕快樂，晚安”。在圣誕節(jié)清晨破曉之前，他回到在北極的家里。在全世界快速飛奔了一夜，很疲倦?yún)s非常愉快。打了一個大呵欠后，圣誕老人就睡著了。

Christmas carols(圣誕頌歌), or Christmas religious songs, began in the middle Ages when people danced and sang religious songs on village greens(central gathering areas in small towns and villages)in Anglo-Saxon England.A Christmas carol today is a religious tune without the dance associated with it.圣誕節(jié)頌歌，也叫基督教宗教歌曲，始于中世紀(jì)時期。那時，在盎格魯撒克遜人的英格蘭，人們在鄉(xiāng)村草地上（小鎮(zhèn)或村莊的聚集中心）跳舞，唱宗教歌曲。今天的圣誕節(jié)頌歌只是一道宗教曲子，沒有與之相配合的舞蹈。

A strong religious tradition today, as in other times, is to go to church at midnight of Christmas Eve or on Christmas morning.A priest may say mass(in a Catholic[天主教的] Church)or preach(宣講教義)a sermon(布道)about the significance of the birth of Christ.今天的一項(xiàng)強(qiáng)烈的宗教傳統(tǒng)，像其他時期一樣，是在圣誕節(jié)前夕午夜或圣誕節(jié)早晨去教堂做禮拜。牧師可能作彌撒（在天主教堂）或者布道宣講救世主誕生的重要性。

Another very prominent symbol of Christmas is the Christmas tree.There are several explanations for its origin.One story suggests that Martin Luther was walking through a wood on a clear winter night admiring the beauty of the bright stars glowing through the branches of trees.He decided to cut down a small evergreen tree and take it home.He put candles in it to represent the stars he had seen earlier because he wanted to share that beautiful image with his family.圣誕節(jié)另一個顯著的象征是圣誕樹。關(guān)于它的起源有好幾種說法。有一個故事說，在一個清冷的冬季夜晚，馬丁路德走過一個樹林，十分驚羨明亮的星光灑過樹枝的美麗。他決定砍下一棵常青樹帶回家。他在樹上放上蠟燭代替他看到過的星星，因?yàn)樗肱c家人一起分享那美麗的景色。

Another story tells of the bringing of an evergreen tree inside the home during winter solstice(至日,至點(diǎn))(December 21st)symbolizing the renewal(復(fù)活,復(fù)興)of life in the dead of winter.It became associated with Christmas, which occurs only four days later.The Christmas tree was firmly established as a Christmas symbol by the Germans who eventually brought it to America.In Victorian England, people hung cakes and candies on it and later, fruit made of paper adorned(裝飾)the branches.Modern commercial tree decorations appeared in the 1880?s at Woolworth?s Department Store in the United States, and electric Christmas tree lights made their debut(初次登場)in 1882.另一個故事講的是，在冬至(12月21日)這一天，把一棵常青樹搬回家，象征著在死寂的冬天生命的復(fù)蘇。把它與圣誕節(jié)聯(lián)系在一起，只因剛好四天之后便是圣誕節(jié)。德國人把圣誕樹確立為一種圣誕節(jié)的象征，后來又將之帶到了美國。在維多利亞女王時期的英格蘭，人們把蛋糕和糖果掛在樹上，以后，又用紙做的水果裝飾樹枝?，F(xiàn)在商店賣的圣誕樹裝飾品出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)80年代美國的伍爾沃斯百貨商店，而圣誕樹上裝彩燈則始于1882年。The first Christmas cards were sent in the 1840?s in both England and America.Gift giving probably stems from the Bible where it is written that three kings, bearing gifts from the Orient(東方), visited Bethlehem when Jesus was born.We know that St.Nicholas also gave gifts.A later tradition developed, whereby gifts were given on each of the twelve days of Christmas, from December 25th, when Jesus allegedly(據(jù)說,傳說)was born, to January 6th, when Jesus was apparently baptized(洗滌,實(shí)行浸禮)(the Epiphany).There is a popular song called the “Twelve Days of Christmas” that keeps this tradition alive each year.We understand that Macy?s Department Store in New York City introduced the annual Christmas or Santa Claus Parade during the 1880?s.Today, in late November, or early December, a Christmas Parade is held in almost every city and town in Europe and America.第一批圣誕賀卡是19世紀(jì)40年代在英格蘭和美國寄出的。贈送禮物可能源于《圣經(jīng)》，里面寫到，耶穌誕生時三個國王帶著禮物從東方來訪問伯利恒。我們知道圣?尼古拉斯也送禮物。后來發(fā)展起來的傳統(tǒng)是在圣誕節(jié)的12天里，從聲稱耶穌誕生的12月25日，到耶穌公開受洗禮的1月6日(主顯節(jié))，每天都送禮。有一首叫做“圣誕節(jié)的12天”的流行歌曲，使每年的這種傳統(tǒng)保持下來。我們知道，每年的圣誕節(jié)或圣誕老人游行是在19世紀(jì)80年代，由紐約市的梅西百貨公司引入的。如今，在11月底或12月初，圣誕節(jié)游行幾乎在歐美的每個城鎮(zhèn)舉行。

Early on the night before Christmas(Christmas Eve), children are encouraged to go to bed early if they expect Santa to come.They lay their heads on their pillows with visions of what the next day will bring.Santa is invisible to children since no one has actually seen him, his sleigh, or reindeer on Christmas Eve.圣誕節(jié)前的晚上(圣誕節(jié)前夕)，孩子們被鼓勵說，如果他們希望圣誕老人來的話，就要早些上床睡覺。他們把頭放到枕頭上時，就在幻想第二天會帶來什么東西。在圣誕節(jié)前夕，孩子們是看不見圣誕老人的，因?yàn)閷?shí)際上沒有人看見過他、他的雪橇以及他的馴鹿。

On Christmas Day, families usually get together for a roast goose or turkey(火雞)dinner served with mashed(壓碎的)potatoes, gravy(肉汁), cranberry sauce, and pie or pudding(一種甜點(diǎn)心)for dessert.Grown-ups will pour a glass or two of wine or other spirits(烈酒).Together, families will openly exchange gifts and gratitude.Children, including cousins, nieces and nephews, often kneel on the floor in front of the tree, excitedly trying to find presents with their names on them.On that day, warm receptions are extended to everyone, friend or stranger.在圣誕節(jié)，一家人通常聚在一起吃烤鵝或者烤火雞，還有土豆泥、肉湯、酸果沙司和作為餐末甜點(diǎn)的餡餅或布丁。大眾們會倒上

一、兩杯葡萄酒或其他烈酒。聚到一起時，家人們公開地交換禮物和表達(dá)感謝之情。孩子們，包括堂、表兄弟姐妹，侄兒、侄女，外甥、外甥女，常常跪在樹前的地板上，興奮地尋找上面定有他們名字的禮物。那天每一個人都會受到熱情接待，不管是朋友還是陌生人。

For many merchants, Christmas has become the economic boom season of the year.It is estimated that a major percentage of the annual yield of revenue from sales is generated during the month or more of intense Christmas shopping before Christmas.As a matter of fact, there has been some debate for years that Christmas has become too commercialized and that the true meaning of Christmas is gradually disappearing.An escalating(逐步上升的)tendency has been to buy more and more expensive gifts each year.Some people go into debt, sometimes owing more than they can easily pay back.Some people are personally beginning to rethink(反思)this commercial approach to Christmas.However, toy manufacturers and their contemporaries in advertising make a killing during this period.Christmas shopping hits a peak(最高點(diǎn),頂峰)on Boxing Day, the day after Christmas, when stores offer great discounts to unload the unsold Christmas merchandise(商品).This is usually the busiest shopping day of the year.對于很多商人來說，圣誕節(jié)成了一年中生意電繁榮的時節(jié)。據(jù)估計(jì)，全年銷售收入的很大一部分，來自在圣誕節(jié)前圣誕大采購的一個多月里。實(shí)際上，已經(jīng)爭論多年的話題是，圣誕節(jié)太商業(yè)化了，而其真正意義在逐漸消失。一個日益明顯的傾向是每年要買越來越多的貴重禮物。有些人已經(jīng)私下開始反思這種圣誕節(jié)的商業(yè)行為了。玩具制造商及其廣告業(yè)的同伙們，在這個期間大大地賺了一筆。圣誕采購在圣誕節(jié)后的一天即節(jié)禮日達(dá)到高峰，這個時候商店大打折扣，傾銷沒有賣完的圣誕商品。通常，這是一年中最忙的采購日。

Christmas has spread far and wide across the globe.My wife and I lived in Beijing last year.During the Christmas season, we saw many Christmas decorations and heard a lot of western Christmas music in department stores.It seemed little different from Toronto, Canada.We celebrated Christmas much as we would have in Canada, except that we weren?t with our families in our homes during that very special family-oriented holiday season.We have great memories of Christmases of the past and look forward to many more great Christmas memories in the future.圣誕節(jié)在全球廣泛傳播開來。去年，我和妻子住在北京時，在圣誕節(jié)期間，我們在百貨商店里看到了很多圣誕節(jié)裝飾品，聽到了許多西方圣誕音樂。與加拿大多倫多幾乎沒什么區(qū)別。除了不是和我們的家人在一起，我們就像是在加拿大一樣，慶祝了圣誕節(jié)。在我們家鄉(xiāng)，這個季節(jié)是一個特別適合全家一起過的節(jié)日。我們對過去的圣誕節(jié)還有很深刻的印象，也盼望將來有更多值得回憶的圣誕節(jié)。

8、A Time to Say Hello [相知相識] The year began softly.The weather in Southern China was warm and so were the students.The unexpected events of the year to come began to unfold, much too soon to become only an innocent treasured memory.Something precious should be held tight and not let it go.It was to be a year of surprises and a year of love.The Chinese have an expression for it, “Yuan fen”.A westerner would only question why and how.With your permission let us share the experience together.這一年悄然開始了。在中國的南方，氣候溫暖宜人，學(xué)生們熱情有加。來年中那些意想不到的事情開始展現(xiàn)出來，很快，又會變成清純美好的回憶。應(yīng)當(dāng)把握真情，不言放棄。那是一年的驚喜，一年的愛意。對此，漢語里有個說法叫做“緣分”。西方人可能只會問為什么，怎么了。要是你愿意的話，那么就請與我一起來分享這段經(jīng)歷吧。

He sat at the front of the classroom looking anxious but attentive.In those first few days, his eyes bright with anticipation(期望)sought approval from me, his teacher.He claims now that he understood very little content in the lessons of the first few weeks.However, he successfully managed to give the appropriate illusion(假象,錯覺)of understanding well.He made me laugh and his peering was also delighted in his sense of humor.He dressed with attention to detail, and his neat appearance, whether in jeans or current fashion, was distinct, a cool guy!There was always something enchanting(使迷惑)in his smile, he was charming and handsome and he knew it!Moreover, he was a gentleman.His eyes revealed so much when they crinkled(起皺)with laughter, the mask removed, or conversely remained inscrutable(難以理解的,神秘的)like still pools of liquid chocolate, containing only a hint of belief.他坐在教室的前面，看起來有些焦急憂慮，但很專心。最初的那幾天，他那明亮的眼睛里，充滿了得到我這個老師認(rèn)同的渴望?，F(xiàn)在，他承認(rèn)，對于頭幾個星期的課程，他幾乎沒聽懂。然而，他卻設(shè)法裝成了理解得差不多的樣子。我禁不住感到好笑，他那很有幽默感的凝視也顯露出高興的樣子。他的穿著很注意細(xì)節(jié)，外表整潔，不管是牛仔褲還是時裝都別具一格，簡直酷極了。他的微笑總是那么迷人。他英俊瀟灑，討人喜歡，他自己也深知這一點(diǎn)。而且，他也是紳士。他有時瞇著眼笑的時候，就拋掉了所有的掩飾，有時又故作神秘，像一杯平靜的熱巧克力，叫價難以捉摸。不管怎樣，他的眼睛都流露出他的紳士風(fēng)范。

他第一次寫作業(yè)，就表露出他喜歡我，并希望我們成為朋友，“非常好的朋友”。那時，我們都沒想到這個預(yù)言最終會變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。我只在心里笑了笑。那是表露我毫不知情的幾次笑聲中的第一次。從此，他出現(xiàn)在我的課堂和我的生活里。His first writing assignment revealed the fact that he liked me and that he hoped we could be friends, “very good friends”.At that time neither of us suspected just how true that prophecy(預(yù)言)would eventually become.Inwardly, I just laughed.This was the first of several laughs that showed how little I understood.His presence permeated(散布,彌漫)my classroom and my world.About a month later our lives began to intertwine(相互纏繞)and the delicately woven pattern of our lives began to become more intricate(錯綜復(fù)雜)in the coming year.Relationships occur on many levels.Layer upon layer must separate in order for us to speak of inner feelings.It is up to the individual to analyze the variety of feelings at each level.大約一個月后，我們的交往變得密切起來。這種精心培植的生活模式，在新的一年中變得更加微妙。關(guān)系涉及到諸多層次，只有把各個層次分開，我們才能說出內(nèi)心感受。我們必須按各自的觀點(diǎn)去分析在每個層次的不同感受。

As time passed, we shared our viewpoints and feelings through conversation while chatting(聊天)over tea and coffee, arousing the emotion deep in our hearts.One day flowed smoothly into another.Familiar experience for me proved to be exciting and stimulating for him.Western festival celebrations like Halloween(萬圣節(jié)前夕), Christmas and Valentine?s Day(情人節(jié))provided an avenue to celebrate together, to share warmth and good times.Traveling to new places introduce me to an enticing(迷人的)new world.隨著時間的流逝，我們快樂地在一起交談，一邊品茶、飲咖啡，一邊聊天，述說自己的觀點(diǎn)和感受，在我們內(nèi)心深處涌動著熱烈的情誼。不知不覺中，日子一天一天地過去了。我所熟悉的那些感覺竟然也使他興奮、激動。像萬圣節(jié)前夕、圣誕節(jié)和情人節(jié)這些西方的喜慶節(jié)日，為我們提供了在一起慶祝的機(jī)會，共享溫馨美好的時光。我們還到一些新的地方旅游，把我?guī)胍粋€迷人的新世界。

Every day there was laughter and underlying cares that carried both of us along to some degree of happiness.We learned together English and learned about life that year.Strangely the gap in our ages did not create any barrier for our friendship, he young and vital, and I was feeling young again.He offered his assistance, whenever I needed it.He offered his company for comfort, when death visited my door.What did he drive from this agenda, but a few paltry(不足取的,無價值的)words in a foreign language? May be it was all worthwhile, maybe it will open a window wide and provide a pass port to a new world for his future.每天的笑聲和深情的關(guān)懷，使我們總是生活在幸福之中。這一年，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)英語，也學(xué)習(xí)如何生活。很奇怪，我們的年齡代溝沒有給我們的友誼帶來一點(diǎn)障礙。他年輕，充滿活力。我也感覺自己年輕了。無論我何時需要，他都能提供幫助。當(dāng)死神光顧我的時候，他陪伴我，給我安慰。從這些事情中，他得到了什么呢？僅僅為了幾個微不足道的外語單詞？也許那就足夠了，或許會為他的將來打開一扇窗戶，為他提供一種通往一個新世界的手段。

Time continues to slip by as a rushing river.You no longer inhabit(居住于)my daily world, only my memory.From a distance your voice informs me that you are continuing to learn, you are growing.Some days you are happy, others not quite so much.時間像奔流的江水，不停地逝去。你不再出現(xiàn)在我每天的世界里，只留在了我的記憶中。從你遠(yuǎn)方傳來的聲音里，我知道了你在繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，不斷成長，有時快樂，有時也并不如意。However, here around me, there is nothing, only a ghost-like figure, waving from your window and a familiar waft(飄來)of fragrance(芳香)as I stand alongside your newly occupied desk.There is nothing and yet there is everything.My mind remains idle, with only fragments of images drifting in and out.I can no longer be absolutely certain whether this was only a dream.然而現(xiàn)在，我身邊空無一物，只有一個夢幻般的身影從你的窗戶里翩然而至，還有那每當(dāng)我站在你的新課桌旁時那熟悉的氣息。一無所有，但又擁有一切。我頭腦空空如也，進(jìn)進(jìn)出出的都是那些映像的片斷。我再也無法肯定這是否只是一場夢幻。

We no longer occupy the same space, but I remind myself that we still occupy the same world.When we chance to meet, hands reach out;hearts embrace, and once again confirm the same magic feeling.Such friendships come rarely in a lifetime.Thereby, I feel blessed(幸福的)and lucky.我們不再擁有同一片空間，但我清楚，我們依然擁有同一個世界。倘若還有機(jī)會相遇，我們會伸出雙手，真心擁抱，再次重溫這奇妙的感覺。真誠友誼，終生難求。對此，我覺得很幸福，很幸運(yùn)。

9、A Preface to Murder [謀殺端倪] Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction.Sometimes life deals a bad hand.Sometimes it is hard to go on.Sometimes evil triumphs over good.有時，事實(shí)比小說還離奇。生活有時候使人無助，有時又讓人難以為繼。有時，邪惡還戰(zhàn)勝了正義。

Nancy sighed heavily as she pulled her daughter?s diary from the drawer.She leaned forward to examine the familiar writing.A postcard with a colored sketch fell onto the floor from the book the drawing was a picture of a long curved sandy beach on a tropical island;of course it would be Montserrat.She felt clumsy as she knelt to retrieve(取回,收回)the picture.Under no circumstances could she forgive or forget the criminals who tortured her beautiful Megan.It was difficult not to feel bitter about the events of the preceding year.She had shed so many tears in the past year since her daughter?s murder.Nancy recognized that she was suffering from psychological problems and had really become indifferent to the events in her daily life.She began to shake and then to weep.When would there be an answer to this damn nightmare? 南希深深地嘆了口氣，從抽屜里取出女兒的日記。她身體前傾，仔細(xì)地看著那熟悉的筆跡。一張彩色素描明信片從杯子里掉落下來。畫面上是一個熱帶島嶼上一處蜿蜒的沙灘美景。自然，那就是蒙特塞拉特島。在她屈膝去揀明信片時，她感到手腳有些不聽使喚了。她決不會饒恕或忘記那些殘害她美麗的梅根的兇手。一想到一年前發(fā)生的不幸，南希就禁不住感到痛苦。她抓起一張面巾紙，擦去眼中的淚水。女兒被害后的這一年中，她不知道流了多少眼淚。南希知道自己患上了心理障礙，她確實(shí)變得對日常生活中的事情漠不關(guān)心了。她身體開始顫抖，接著抽泣起來。這該死的噩夢何時才會一個答案呢？

Megan had attended secondary school at a private girls? school five hundred kilometers from home.In junior school she had been a straight A student.Now in high school she continued to study hard, play sports, join the school orchestra, plus a variety of school clubs.As a joke, her friends labeled her a genius, often just to make her angry.As well as being a high academic achiever she had a great capacity for fun.She thrived on an active social life.Slender, pretty and vivacious(活潑開朗的), she was the apple of her parents? eye.梅根在離家500公里的一所私立學(xué)校上中學(xué)。她讀小學(xué)時就一直是最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)了中學(xué)，她還是繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)，熱愛運(yùn)動，參加學(xué)校的管弦樂隊(duì)，還加入了學(xué)校的各種俱樂部。朋友們在開玩笑時稱她為天才，這常常只會使她生氣。她不但學(xué)習(xí)成績好，也很有情趣。她在豐富的社會活動中茁壯成長。她苗條美麗、活潑大方，是父母的掌上明珠。

Every year in accordance with school policy, a student candidate was chosen to travel and live in another commonwealth(聯(lián)邦)country for six months.As Megan had an interest in a diplomatic career after completing university, she figure she would be considered a prime applicant if she applied for the position.A detailed essay was necessary to provide the committee with a clear idea of her intention.The selection committee would spend a fortnight reviewing the applications in an attempt to identify the ideal student.Megan also needed to undergo a rigorous personal interview, which would validate(驗(yàn)證)her academic background and evaluate her general behavior.The interview preceded well, Megan taking the initiative to underline her strengths.After school some of her friends gathered for coffee in the café near the school.They confessed to Megan that they were rather envious of the opportunity she might have to live in another country.They enquired about the details of the interview.Two weeks later Megan received a phone call notifying her of the successful results of the interview.按照學(xué)校的規(guī)定，每年要挑選一名學(xué)生到另一個英聯(lián)邦國家去旅行和生活六個月。因?yàn)槊犯挠?jì)劃是在讀完她上的大學(xué)后從事外交工作，她認(rèn)為如果提出申請，自己將是被考慮的一個主要人選。這需要向委員會提交一篇文章，明確闡明她的意圖。選拔委員會要花兩個星期對申請人進(jìn)行評定，以確定人選。梅根還要接受嚴(yán)格的單獨(dú)面試，以驗(yàn)證她的學(xué)業(yè)水平并評估她的綜合素質(zhì)。面試進(jìn)行得很順利，梅根積極主動地展示了她的實(shí)力。放學(xué)后，她與一些朋友聚在學(xué)校附近的咖啡館一塊喝咖啡。她們對梅根很坦承對她要在另一個國家生活相當(dāng)嫉妒。她們還詢問了面試的細(xì)節(jié)。兩個星期后，梅根接到電話，通知她成功地通過了面試。Her parents were slightly nervous experiencing some negative feelings about Megan leaving the safety of home to live in another country.They knew the experience would broaden her horizons however, her destination, Montserrat, within the past year had a huge volcano erupt(噴發(fā)), disrupting(使中斷,擾亂)people?s lives.Unstable conditions, loss of homes and fear of more eruptions all tended to breed trouble among the poor of the island.Her parents? concerns were for Megan?s safety.對于梅根要離開安全的家到另一個國家去生活，她的父母略感不安，有一些不祥的感覺。不過，他們知道，這次經(jīng)歷將會拓寬她的視野。她的目的地蒙特塞拉特，去年發(fā)生了一次巨大的火山爆發(fā)，使人民的生活陷于混亂之中。局勢動蕩、無家可歸和對火山再次爆發(fā)的恐懼都在困擾這個島國的窮人。她父母擔(dān)心梅根的安全。

Departure day dawned clear and bright.Farewells were made to family and friends and she was off for the adventure of a lifetime.Megan?s arrival on Montserrat was both welcoming and initially uneventful(平靜無事的).The island family where she was to live for the next six months, made her feels right at home.As the pace of life on the island was more relaxed that at home, she was very happy.Her new schoolmates included her in their lives and she adapted quickly.Swimming in the warm ocean water, and sitting underneath waving palm trees in a mild climate, was a pleasant change from the cold northern winters.出發(fā)的那天清早，天氣晴朗。在與家人和朋友們告別后，她踏上了她的冒險旅途。梅根到蒙特塞拉特后受到歡迎，最初也平安無事。她要在島上住六個月的那個家庭，讓她覺得就像在自己家一樣。島上的生活節(jié)奏比在家里更輕松，她感到很高興。她的新同學(xué)們接納了她，把她當(dāng)作他們當(dāng)中的一員，她很快便適應(yīng)了。能夠在溫暖的海水里暢游，在生長于溫和氣候帶、搖曳的棕櫚樹下閑坐，與寒冷的北方冬天相比，這種改變令人心曠神怡。One Saturday evening a gang of kids piled into a taxi, heading off for a barbecue(戶外烤肉餐)on the beach.Some of the girls decided to walk along the beach.Megan joined them, lagging slightly behind.She knew she ought to hurry to catch up but the moist sand felt good under her feet.Water lapped at her toes;the tide was coming in.the violet light of dusk began to darken the sky.一個星期六的晚上，一幫孩子們擠進(jìn)一輛出租車，前往海灘吃燒烤野餐。幾個女孩子決定沿海灘漫步。梅根也加入進(jìn)來，跟在后面慢慢地走著。她知道她應(yīng)該快一點(diǎn)趕上她們，但腳下濕潤的沙子讓她覺得很舒適。潮水涌來，海水拍打著她的腳趾。紫羅蘭色的黃昏降臨，天空開始暗下來。

In the growing darkness a van pulled alongside her, stopping with a squeal(尖銳的聲音)of brakes.Before she knew what was happening two masked men leapt out of the car and began to chase her, grabbing her and finally throwing her to the ground.The gross attack that followed was brutal and unexplainable.Initially Megan tried to fight off her attackers by clawing at their faces with her nails.Using a coil of rope to bind her hands, the men were free to proceed.First a fist broke her upper jaw leaving her unconscious.Then the hoodlums(無賴,流氓)used a metal rod to crush Megan?s skull(頭顱)and finally a knife blade penetrated her neck piercing an artery(動脈).After the crude act was completed her body was bundled into the back of a cab and discarded in a ditch in an isolated district far from the beach.在越來越暗的夜色里，一輛貨車向她身邊駛來，在尖銳的剎車聲中突然停下。沒等她明白過來是怎么回事，兩個戴面罩的男人從車上跳出來追上她，抓住她，最后把她摔倒在地。接下來就是不分青紅皂白的粗暴毆打。起初，梅根設(shè)法反抗襲擊者，用指甲抓他們的臉?？伤麄冇靡痪砝K子綁住她的雙手后，他們開始為所欲為。他們先是一拳打破她的上頜，使她昏了過去。然后，這幫流氓用一根金屬棒敲碎了梅根的顱骨，最后用刀片扎進(jìn)她的脖子，刺穿了動脈。暴行結(jié)束后，他們把她的尸體捆起來，放到車子后面，再丟棄在遠(yuǎn)離沙灘的一個偏僻小區(qū)的溝里。

Realizing that Megan had disappeared, her friends dialed an emergency number, notifying the authorities of the situation.Once Megan?s body was discovered, a warrant(通緝令)was issued for the immediate arrest of the two wanted men.Megan?s parents were notified by the embassy.They in turn retained legal counsel and an intense inquiry began into the case.Those officials with an intimate knowledge of the island felt that the mugging was a case of mistaken identification and a complete misunderstanding(誤解), a misguided outlet for mounting frustrations on the island.Megan?s parents, Nancy and Don, cancelled all their immediate plans and flew to the island.Rather than wait for the small island ship to transport them to the island they were flown in by helicopter.After hiring a lawyer as an advocate for their cause(案件程序), they began to work with the local police tracking down any angle of the case that would bring these creeps first to court and then to trial before a jury, who in turn would convict them to lengthy jail sentences.As the days slipped by without any answers, they experienced severe emotional fatigue and life became a living hell.得知梅根失蹤后，她的朋友們撥打了緊急電話，把情況報(bào)告給當(dāng)局。梅根的尸體被發(fā)現(xiàn)后，馬上發(fā)出了立即捉拿那兩名兇犯的通緝令。大使館通知了梅根的父母。他們聘請了法律顧問，并開始緊張地調(diào)查此案。非常熟悉這個島嶼的那些官員們認(rèn)為，這次行兇是一起認(rèn)錯對象的事件，完全是一個誤會，罪犯被帶錯路后錯誤地登上了這個島。梅根的父母，南希和唐，取消了他們當(dāng)時所有的計(jì)劃，飛往該島。他們來不及乘坐送他們到島上去的島內(nèi)小船，改乘直升機(jī)飛過去。在請了一名律師作為該訴訟案的辯護(hù)律師后，他們開始與當(dāng)?shù)氐木煲黄鸸ぷ鳎占c此案有關(guān)的各種證據(jù)，要把那些家伙送上法庭，交陪審團(tuán)進(jìn)行審判，判定他們有罪并予以長期監(jiān)禁。但時間一天天過去，沒有任何結(jié)果。他們感到身心憔悴，仿佛生活在人間地獄。

The investigation seemed to lag at first, but they were reluctant to interfere.The initial reports from this mess were inconclusive;many of the details not being addressed.As paying clients they lodged a complaint with the Governor of the island.After several months passed, the authorities had a frank discussion with Megan?s parents stating that as each day passed they were less and less liable to solve the murder.They cited other examples of unsolved cases and encouraged Nancy and Don to return home.Feeling both annoyed and frustrated, they decided they had done all they could here for the moment.調(diào)查工作一開始就有些拖沓，但他們不愿意去干預(yù)。在這種混亂狀況下，最初的報(bào)告沒有什么結(jié)論，很多細(xì)節(jié)都沒有提到。作為付過費(fèi)用的委托人，他們向該島總督提出申述。幾個月過去后，當(dāng)局在與梅根父母的一次坦率談話中明確表示，隨著時間一天天過去，查明這宗兇案的希望越來越小。他們還舉出其他沒有解決的案例作為佐證，勸南希和唐回家。在氣惱和失望之余，南希和唐明白目前在這里他們已經(jīng)無能為力了。

Once at home again, Nancy withdrew from community life choosing to spend her time alone.These days, if you went looking, you could often find Don in a local pub having a pint or two of beer.He, too, is unable to come to terms with the sequence of events that tore his family apart this year.Just thinking about Megan brings a lump to his throat and makes his head spin.回到家中后，南希不再參加社交活動，而是獨(dú)自一人消磨時光。這些天，要是你出去走走，經(jīng)常會看到唐正在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€酒吧喝著

一、兩杯啤酒。一年下來，他也忍受不了使家庭支離破碎的這一系列不幸事件的折磨。只要一想起梅根，他就喉嚨哽咽，天旋地轉(zhuǎn)。As time passed, it was becoming more and more evident that the stack of paperwork pertaining(與…有關(guān)系的)to his daughter?s case was not going to provide any answers immediately, if ever.Tips provided by the public proved to lead nowhere.The records will remain open until the case is solved, however for the moment the natural rhythm of life has been destroyed.Can a family withstand such a tragedy? Only time will tell.隨著時間的過去，越來越清楚地表明，有關(guān)她女兒案件的那堆文件不會馬上給出什么答案，也許永遠(yuǎn)也不會了。公眾提供的線索也得不出什么結(jié)果。訴狀還會保留，直到破案為止。然而，現(xiàn)在正常的生活節(jié)奏被破壞了。一個家庭能夠承受得了這樣的悲劇嗎？只有時間才能回答。

10、Canada Becomes a Nation [加拿大建國] Before Canada became a nation in 1867, the area of North America that now composes Canada was a large expanse of widely scattered communities of British and French origins.It was an area with diverse landscapes that physically divided them from the north of the United States.There was little connection among communities politically or economically.These colonies of British North America traditionally traded with Britain and with the United States, very little among themselves.These colonies even had customs duties that, to some extent, restricted such trade.In the mid 1800s, important events and changes took place.在1867年加拿大成為一個國家之前，組成現(xiàn)在的加拿大的北美地區(qū)，遼闊寬廣，到處是分散的英國人和法國人的移民社區(qū)。這片土地景色多變，很自然觀地將其與美國的北方分辨開來。這些社區(qū)之間很少有政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)上的聯(lián)系。傳統(tǒng)上，這些英屬的北美殖民地與英國和美國進(jìn)行貿(mào)易，而相互之間卻少有往來。這些殖民地甚至還沒有關(guān)稅，在一定程度上限制貿(mào)易往來。19世紀(jì)中期發(fā)生的幾件重大事件，使情況有了變化。

Britain repealed(廢除,撤銷)the Corn Laws and Navigations Acts, which had been economically beneficial to the colonies at the same rate it applied to all other trading countries, a situation to which the colonies had never been accustomed.英國撕毀了給好幾代殖民地人帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的谷物法和航行法案，并開始對殖民地課以與其他所有貿(mào)易國家同樣高的稅率，這是殖民地從未遇到過的情況。

From 1861to 1864, Americans were involved in a major civil war.Britain had traditional economic ties with the southern part of the United States that provided cotton to British markets.In the meantime, since the war was essentially between the North and the South, the North resented Britain?s connection with the South.In addition, during the last year(1864)of the American Civil War, the American Government of the dominant and ultimately victorious North, refused to renew a ten-year free trade agreement with United Canada, the large British colony in the central part of British North America.These arbitrary events brought concern and even fear to these colonies.With the loss of traditional trading arrangements and the end of the civil war, the North being victorious, the colonists feared that the Americans might turn on the British colonies in retaliation(報(bào)復(fù),報(bào)仇)for Britain?s moral support for the South.1861到1864年，美國陷入全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。過去是美國南方為英國市場提供棉花，英國與之有著緊密的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系。在此期間，由于這實(shí)際上是一場南北方之間的戰(zhàn)爭，北方當(dāng)然不滿英國與南方之間的這種傳統(tǒng)關(guān)系。此外，在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的最后一年(1864年)，占據(jù)優(yōu)勢并最終獲勝的北方的美國政府，拒絕延續(xù)與聯(lián)合加拿大——英屬北美中部最大的英國殖民地——簽訂的十年自由貿(mào)易協(xié)議。這些獨(dú)斷專橫的事件帶給這些殖民地的是擔(dān)憂甚至是恐懼。傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易協(xié)議的廢除和以北方作為勝利者的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束，使殖民者們害怕美國人可能會轉(zhuǎn)而對付英屬殖民地，以報(bào)復(fù)英國對南方的道義支持。

The need for new markets, and a solid defense system from potential invasion by the United States, brought an acute awareness to these diverse colonies that they should look to each other for resolutions to these problems.They felt uneasy trying to cope against these adversities(逆境,苦難)on their own.Sir John A.Macdonald from United Canada, the dominant personality at this time, also saw the acceleration of American settlers moving north and spreading throughout the flat prairie(大草原)lands to the west.This would potentially(潛在的)put a wall between the colonies in the East and the lonely western British colony in what is today part of British Columbia on the west coast of North America.Macdonald felt that the situation was urgent.對新市場的需求，以及為了建立對付美國潛在入侵的可靠防御系統(tǒng)，使這些松散的殖民地清醒地認(rèn)識到，它們應(yīng)該共同尋求解決這些問題的辦法。它們急于設(shè)法處理這些難題。聯(lián)合加拿大的約翰?A?麥克唐納先生，這個時期的關(guān)鍵人物，也看到美國人加快了向北方移民的速度，從大草原到西部到處都是。這很可能會將東部的殖民地與孤立的西部英屬殖民地——北美西岸的現(xiàn)在的英屬哥倫比亞的一部分——分隔開來。麥克唐納感到情況緊急。In the summer of 1864, the maritime colonies of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and New found land scheduled a meeting to discuss the possibility of a customs union or free trade area to compensate for the latest setbacks(挫折,失敗)in trade relations with Britain and the United States.Macdonald managed to get permission for some delegates from United Canada to attend as observers.For a number of years, United Canada was experiencing problems of political deadlock(僵局).Canada West was predominantly(主要地)English-speaking Canada East was predominantly French-speaking.A central government, set up in 1841, required a majority from both Canada West and Canada East for all legislation to become law.It was very difficult to pass significant legislation when two opposing views were constantly being debated and legislative bills were constantly being defeated.The Canadians saw a new, wider union, a potential new national institution or central government, as a possible solution for breaking out of this constant political disorder.1864年夏，新斯科舍的沿海殖民地，愛德華太子島和紐芬蘭計(jì)劃召開會議討論建立關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟或自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的可能性，以彌補(bǔ)最近在與英國和美國貿(mào)易關(guān)系上遭到的損失。麥克唐納設(shè)法得到許可讓聯(lián)合加拿大的一些代表作為觀察員出席。多年來，聯(lián)合加拿大都面臨著政治僵局的難題。加拿大西部以說英語為主，而東部則以說法語為主。1841年成立的中央政府，則要求一切法案成為法律之前，要得到加拿大西部和加拿大東部的多數(shù)同意。在兩種對立觀點(diǎn)爭論不休，法律草案一再被否決的情況下，要通過重要的法案非常困難。加拿大人認(rèn)識到一個更為廣泛的新型的聯(lián)盟，一種可能的新型國家制度或中央政府，可以作為避免這種時常發(fā)生的政治混亂的一個可行的解決辦法。

The Canadian delegates sailed on board a cruise ship down the St.Lawrence River, into the Gulf of St.Lawrence, to Charlottetown on Prince Edward Island.This convention expanded to discussions of the possibility of all the British colonies uniting into one nation.加拿大的代表們乘坐一艘游船沿勞倫斯河航行到勞倫斯灣，抵達(dá)愛德華太子島的夏洛特敦。在那里，大會廣泛討論了聯(lián)合所有英屬殖民地建立一個國家的可能性。

After much complicated debate at another convention in Quebec City that same year, the delegate submitted a draft of an agreement for the formation of the dominion of Canada.The bulk of the work had been done by a group of men of seemingly high virtue, who became know in history as “the Fathers of Confederation(聯(lián)邦)”.United Canada was divided into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.Some allowances were given to Quebec because it was a predominantly French-speaking Catholic province and had special needs, unlike other provinces.The colony of Nova Scotia was divided into Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.These four provinces formed the original new nation.A flexible approach, in later years, persuaded other colonies to join.同年，在魁北克城的另一次會議上，經(jīng)過錯綜復(fù)雜的討論后，代表們提交了一份建立加拿大國家的協(xié)議草案。大部分工作是由一些那時德高望重的人完成的，他們成為歷史上有名的“聯(lián)邦國父”。聯(lián)合加拿大被劃分為安大略省和魁北克省。一些特權(quán)給了魁北克，因?yàn)樗c其他省不同，是一個以說法語為主的天主教省，有其特殊需要。新斯科舍和新布倫斯威克。這四個省形成了新國家的雛形。在以后的歲月里，他們以靈活的方式說服了其他殖民地加入了這個國家。

A federal system, with powers distributed between the central and provincial governments, was created.The provinces were assigned powers to have their own governments to deal with more local or provincial issues, the federal system would promote harmony among provinces, with different perspectives on nationhood.This was a compromise, so that the bigger provinces of Ontario and Quebec wouldn?t completely dominate the smaller provinces.The country was to be called the Dominion of Canada, but would still remain loyal to Britain as a member of the British Empire.一種在中央和省政府之間分享權(quán)力的聯(lián)邦體制創(chuàng)建起來了。各省被賦予權(quán)力，擁有自己的政府以處理更多的地方事務(wù)。這種聯(lián)邦體制可望促進(jìn)各省之間彼此協(xié)調(diào)，盡管它們站在本民族立場上有不同的觀點(diǎn)。這是一種折衷的辦法，致使較大的安大略省和魁北克省不能完全支配較小的省。這個國家被稱為加拿大自治領(lǐng)，但仍然是大英帝國的一個成員，效忠英國。The new legislation that created Canada was a British act of Parliament called “The British North America Acts of 1867”.Canada officially became a nation on July 1st, 1867.This would be the anniversary occasion each year, for joyous celebration of a national holiday commemoration(紀(jì)念,慶祝)the birth of Canada.使加拿大成為一個國家的新法案是一項(xiàng)叫做“1867年英屬北美法案”的英國國會法案。1867年7月1日，加拿大正式成為一個國家。每年的7月1日為周年紀(jì)念日，在這個法定假日里舉行慶典活動，紀(jì)念加拿大的誕生。

The development of the country, as we know it today, was an evolutionary(進(jìn)化的,演變的)process over more than eight decades.Manitoba became a province after some controversial events involving the federal government and the Metis, French-speaking descendants of French fur traders who married American Indian girls.This ethnic(人種的,種族的)group settled near Fort Gary, the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba what is called today.正如我們今天所知道的那樣，這個國家在80多年里不斷發(fā)展演進(jìn)。在幾次涉及聯(lián)邦政府和梅蒂斯人的有爭議的事件之后，馬尼托巴成為加拿大的一個省。梅蒂斯人是美洲印第安女孩與法國毛皮貿(mào)易商的后裔，講法語。這個族群定居在加里要塞附近的溫尼伯城，即今馬尼托巴。

John A.Macdonald, the new and first Prime Minister of the new nation, made a deal with the western-most colony in Vancouver guaranteeing on the building of a railroad from the east to the west if that colony would join Canadian Confederation.The property of the Metis, to which the letter felt legally entitled, was in the path of the new railway.The federal government essentially took the land.The Metis were compelled to move further west, but not without a fight.(The Metis and the federal government were on an inevitable(無法避免的)collision course.Twice, Metis revolts rested the might(權(quán)力,威力)of the federal government and relationship between French-and English-speaking in Canada).The federal government was able to defeat the Metis in both clashes.Louis Riel, the leader of the Metis was hanged for treason(叛國,謀反)in 1885 for his leading role in resisting the federal government.He became a martyr to French-Canadians.His death only added fuel to the growing discontent(不滿意)between French and English Canada.約翰·麥克唐納，這個新興國家的第一任總理，與溫哥華的最西邊的殖民地達(dá)成協(xié)議，保證說如果該殖民地加入加拿大聯(lián)邦，他將建一條從西到東的鐵路。梅蒂斯人的地產(chǎn)——他們認(rèn)為是合法擁有的——正好在這條新鐵路線上。聯(lián)邦政府完全剝奪了他們的土地。梅蒂斯人被迫向西，但并非沒有抵抗。(梅蒂斯人不可避免地要與聯(lián)邦政府進(jìn)行抗?fàn)?。他們的對?lián)邦政府的兩次反叛考驗(yàn)了聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威和說法語與說英語的加拿大之間的關(guān)系。)在兩次沖突中，聯(lián)邦政府都成功以失敗了梅蒂斯人。1885年，梅蒂斯人的領(lǐng)袖路易斯·瑞爾，因帶頭試圖反抗聯(lián)邦政府以叛國的罪名被絞死。他成為說法語的加拿大人的死難者。他的遇難對說法語和說英語的加拿大之間日益激化的糾紛無疑是火上澆油。

Throughout this whole period, 1869 to 1885, the federal(or central)government ignored the appeals of the Metis.It appeared that, according to Macdonald and his followers, the creation of the new nation was more important than relieving the plight(困境)of a relatively small minority group.The Metis probably deserved much better of the federal government.Different versions of these events are still debated in Canadian classrooms today.在整個1869年至1885年期間，聯(lián)邦政府都沒有理睬梅蒂斯人的訴求。很顯然，在麥克唐納和他的繼任者們看來，建立一個新國家比解除一個相對弱小的少數(shù)民族的困境更重要。也許，梅蒂斯人可以享受到聯(lián)邦政府更好的待遇。今天，在加拿大的教室里，對這些事件的不同看法不在爭論不休。

Macdonald was also criticized for concealing the fact that he took some money illegally to complete the railway.In 1873 as “The Pacific Scandal” became known, the construction of the railway suspended temporarily.The determined Macdonald and his government, obsessed(擔(dān)心,困擾)by the possibility of the Americans moving in and taking over the west, boldly pushed railway construction to completion.麥克唐納還被指責(zé)隱瞞事實(shí)，非法挪用資金完成鐵路建設(shè)。那次有名的1873年的“太平洋丑聞”曾使鐵路建設(shè)一度停了下來。后來麥克唐納和他的政府，由于擔(dān)心美國人入侵并接管西部，堅(jiān)定果斷地推動完成鐵路建設(shè)。

Manitoba became a province in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.The admission of Newfoundland into Confederation in 1948 completed the Canadian Confederation of ten provinces from sea to sea, as they exist today.The railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway(CPR)was completed before the agreed deadline.1870年馬尼托巴成為一個省，1871年英屬哥倫比亞加入，1873年愛德華太子島加入，1905年艾伯塔和薩斯喀徹溫加入。1949年，紐芬蘭島獲準(zhǔn)加入聯(lián)邦，使擁有10個省的東岸到西岸的加拿大聯(lián)邦完整起來，也就是今天的加拿大。那條鐵路，即加拿大太平洋鐵路在預(yù)定完工日期之前也已建成。

Canada?s becoming a nation was not an easy road.Canada?s remaining a nation has perhaps been an even harder road.There were many challenges facing it over the first one hundred or more years.The most serious challenge has been, and still is, staying together as a country.Relations between French-speaking and English-speaking Canada have been difficult to improve.This persistent(持續(xù)存在的)theme in Canadian history began with the defeat of New France by Britain during the Seven Years War from 1756to 1763(or the French-Indian War, as it was known in North America).In the last twenty years, referenda(普通投票)held in Quebec for possible separation from Canada, were narrowly defeated.This challenge still lies ahead.加拿大的立國之路崎嶇不平，繼續(xù)保持下去更是充滿艱辛。在開始的100多年里，她面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)一直是并且現(xiàn)在仍然是保持國家的統(tǒng)一。說法語與說英語的加拿大之間的關(guān)系是最難處理的。這個加拿大歷史上的房屋主題，始于1756年至1763年的七年戰(zhàn)爭(或者在北美，通常叫做法印戰(zhàn)爭)期間英國打敗新法蘭西的時候。近20年里，魁北克舉行的旨在使該省脫離加拿大的公民投票，在那里勉強(qiáng)被失敗。這個挑戰(zhàn)在今后的日子里還會依然存在。So far, the country has remained strong, and has traditionally played a significant role in international affairs.Canada has much promise for the 21st century.It will need to find creative diplomatic strategies to keep the internal rumblings(摩擦聲,隆隆聲)beneath the surface from exploding into self-destruction.It will need to find a way to fulfill the dreams of “the Fathers of Confederation” of so many years ago.A good guess is that the odds are in favor of Canada achieving those dreams and truly becoming the nation that was originally intended.迄今為止，這個國家還是強(qiáng)大的，并一直在國際事務(wù)中扮演著重要角色。加拿大對21世紀(jì)寄以厚望。好需要具有創(chuàng)造性的外交策略，避免隱藏在外表下的內(nèi)部摩擦導(dǎo)致自我毀滅。她需要找到一條道路，實(shí)現(xiàn)多年以前“聯(lián)邦國父”的夢想。一個美好的期待是，機(jī)遇關(guān)照加拿大去實(shí)現(xiàn)這些夢想，真正成為最初所設(shè)想的那樣一個國家。

11、Sky Watch [天空觀察] Today the wind and rain drove fiercely against my apartment window.It was the tail end of a typhoon(臺風(fēng)).Every year, as the calendar indicates the approach of autumn, these destructive tropical(熱帶的)storms account for both death and destruction along Asia?s coasts.On an average there may be fifteen such storms every year.Although many civilians adopt a casual attitude towards these events, awareness is advisable.今天暴風(fēng)雨不在擊打著我的寓所窗戶，不過臺風(fēng)就要結(jié)束了。每年當(dāng)日歷提示秋天來臨時，這些破壞性極強(qiáng)的熱帶風(fēng)暴就會給亞洲沿海地區(qū)，帶來人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。平均每年可能有15次這樣的暴風(fēng)雨。面對這些災(zāi)難，很多居民抱著漫不經(jīng)心的態(tài)度，但提高防范意識才是明智的。

As the water dripped from my balcony and accumulated into free-flowing rivers on the road beneath, I was reminded of the extreme weather that affected the residents of North America.Hurricanes(颶風(fēng)), tornadoes(龍卷風(fēng)), snowstorms, ice storms and electrical storms are all examples of extreme weather that may challenge an entire community.Each storm is unique in character, contributing its own particular fascination(魔力)and fear.雨水從陽臺上滴落下來，在下面的道路上匯聚成肆意流淌的水流。這使我聯(lián)想到侵?jǐn)_北美居民的那些極端惡劣的氣候。颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、雪暴、冰暴和雷暴，都是可能威脅到整個社會的極端的氣候現(xiàn)象。每次風(fēng)暴都有其獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)，展現(xiàn)出特有的魔力和恐怖景象。

Every fall hurricanes slam the United States coast.They upset boats, fell mature trees, wash away sections of public beaches and often cause death.Fortunately with the advantage of modern prior warning systems authorities are able to keep the chaos to a minimum.Regardless, some sectors of the population still ignore the warnings.The burden of rescuing these irresponsible(不負(fù)責(zé)的)adults falls on the authorities.Mean while government budgets are strained.To assemble enough aid to assure assistance for all regions in a country stretches finances.每年秋天，颶風(fēng)都要猛烈攻擊美國海岸。它們打翻船只，刮倒大樹，沖毀成片的公共海灘，還常常造成人員傷亡。所幸的是，由于有了先進(jìn)的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)局能夠?qū)⑦@種混亂不堪的狀況降到最低限度。但不管怎樣，還是有一部分人忽視這些警告。營救這些不負(fù)責(zé)任的成年人的重任就落在了當(dāng)局身上。這時，政府預(yù)算就顯得很勉強(qiáng)。要調(diào)集足夠的物資，保證為一個國家的所有地區(qū)提供幫助，使得財(cái)政吃緊。

Hurricanes seldom reach Ontario, Canada, but in 1954 Hurricane Hazel exposed the residents of Toronto to an awful night of flooding and terror.Responding to the disaster required the supreme effort of all the rescue departments.颶風(fēng)很少影響到加拿大的安大略省。但在1954年，黑茲爾颶風(fēng)卻使多倫多的居民遭遇了一個充滿灌水和恐懼的可怕夜晚。為了應(yīng)付那次災(zāi)難，所有救援機(jī)構(gòu)都盡了最大的努力。In Ontario where a brush(嚴(yán)酷的)winter extends from November until April, snowstorms are regular occurrence.People adjust their travel plans, sports activities and especially their mode of dress when the weather forecasters predict a severe snowstorm.Automobile drivers must be more cautious under these circumstances.Snow removal becomes a major expense for northern cities.Families adjust their weekend plans and stay together at home, sitting

第二篇：英文簡歷常用詞匯(中英對照)

英文簡歷常用詞匯（中英文對照，帶目錄）

6.1.個人資料 name 姓名 alias 別名 pen name 筆名

date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于

birth place 出生地點(diǎn) age 年齡

native place 籍貫 province 省 city 市

autonomous region 自治區(qū) prefecture 專區(qū) county 縣

nationality 民族，國籍 citizenship 國籍

duel citizenship 雙重國籍 address 地址

current address 目前地址 present address 目前地址 permanent address 永久地址postal code 郵政編碼 home phone 住宅電話 office phone 辦公電話 business phone 辦公電話 Tel.電話 sex 性別 male 男 female 女 height 身高 weight 體重

目錄

1.個人資料 2.教育程度 3.工作經(jīng)歷 4.個人品質(zhì) 5.其它內(nèi)容 簡歷高頻詞匯

marital status 婚姻狀況 family status 家庭狀況 married 已婚

single/unmarried 未婚 divorced 離異 separated 分居

number of children 子女人數(shù) none 無 street 街

lane 胡同，巷 road 路

district 區(qū)

house number 門牌 health 健康狀況

health condition 健康狀況 blood type 血型 short-sighted近視 far-sighted 遠(yuǎn)視 color-blind 色盲

ID card No.身份證號碼

date of availability 可到職時間 available 可到職

membership 會員，資格 president 會長

vice-president 副會長 director 理事

standing director 常務(wù)理事 secretary general 秘書長 society 學(xué)會 association 協(xié)會

research society 研究會

2.教育程度

education 學(xué)歷

educational background 教育程度 educational history 學(xué)歷 curriculum 課程 major 主修 minor 副修

educational highlights 課程重點(diǎn)部分 curriculum included 課程包括 specialized courses 專門課程 courses taken 所學(xué)課程 courses completed 所學(xué)課程 special training 特別訓(xùn)練 social practice 社會實(shí)踐 part-time jobs 業(yè)余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 進(jìn)修課程

extracurricular activities 課外活動 physical activities 體育活動

recreational activities 娛樂活動 academic activities 學(xué)術(shù)活動 social activities 社會活動 rewards 獎勵

scholarship 獎學(xué)金

“Three Goods” student 三好學(xué)生 excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員 excellent leader 優(yōu)秀干部 student council 學(xué)生會 off-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn) in-job training 在職培訓(xùn) educational system 學(xué)制 academic year 學(xué)年 semester 學(xué)期（美）term 學(xué)期（英）president 校長

vice-president 副校長 dean 院長

assistant dean 副院長 academic dean 教務(wù)長

department chairman 系主任 professor 教授

associate professor 副教授 guest professor 客座教授 lecturer 講師

teaching assistant助教 research fellow 研究員

research assistant 助理研究員 supervisor 論文導(dǎo)師

principal 中學(xué)校長（美）headmaster 中學(xué)校長（英）master 小學(xué)校長（美）dean of studies 教務(wù)長 dean of students 教導(dǎo)主任 dean of students 教導(dǎo)主任 teacher 教師 probation teacher 代課教師 tutor 家庭教師

governess 女家庭教師

intelligence quotient 智商 pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分?jǐn)?shù) grades 分?jǐn)?shù) scores 分?jǐn)?shù)

examination 考試 grade 年級 class 班級 monitor 班長

vice-monitor副班長

commissary in charge of studies 學(xué)習(xí)委員

commissary in charge of entertainment 文娛委員 commissary in charge of sports 體育委員

commissary in charge of physical labor 勞動委員 Party branch secretary 黨支部書記 League branch secretary 團(tuán)支部書記

commissary in charge of organization 組織委員 commissary in charge of publicity 宣傳委員 degree 學(xué)位

post doctorate 博士后 doctor(Ph.D)博士 master 碩士 bachelor 學(xué)士 student 學(xué)生

graduate student研究生 abroad student 留學(xué)生

returned student 回國留學(xué)生 foreign student 外國學(xué)生 undergraduate 大學(xué)肄業(yè)生

senior 大學(xué)四年級學(xué)生；高中三年級學(xué)生 Junior 大學(xué)三年級學(xué)生；高中二年級學(xué)生 sophomore 大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生；高中一年級學(xué)生 freshman 大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生 guest student 旁聽生（英）auditor 旁聽生（美）

government-supported student 公費(fèi)生 commoner 自費(fèi)生 extern 走讀生

day-student 走讀生 intern 實(shí)習(xí)生 prize fellow 獎學(xué)金生 boarder 寄宿生 classmate 同班同學(xué) schoolmate 同校同學(xué) graduate 畢業(yè)生

3.工作經(jīng)歷

accomplish 完成（任務(wù)等）achievements 工作成就，業(yè)績 adapted to 適應(yīng)于 adept in 善于 administer 管理

advanced worker 先進(jìn)工作者 analyze 分析

appointed 被任命的 assist 輔助

authorized 委任的；核準(zhǔn)的 be promoted to 被提升為

be proposed as 被提名為；被推薦為 behave 表現(xiàn)

breakthrough 驚人的進(jìn)展，關(guān)鍵問題的解決 break the record 打破記錄 business background 工作經(jīng)歷 business experience 工作經(jīng)歷 business history 工作經(jīng)歷 conduct 經(jīng)營，處理 control 控制 cost 成本；費(fèi)用 create 創(chuàng)造 decrease 減少

demonstrate 證明，示范 design 設(shè)計(jì)

develop 開發(fā)，發(fā)揮 devise 設(shè)計(jì)，發(fā)明 direct 指導(dǎo)

double 加倍，翻一番 duties 職責(zé) earn 獲得，賺取 effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除

employment experience工作經(jīng)歷 employment record 工作經(jīng)歷 employment 工作 enlarge 擴(kuò)大 enliven 搞活 enrich 使豐富

establish 設(shè)立（公司等）；使開業(yè)；確立 evaluation 估價，評價

excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員 excellent Party member 優(yōu)秀黨員 execute 實(shí)行，實(shí)施 expand 推廣；擴(kuò)大 expedite 加快；促進(jìn) experience 經(jīng)歷

exploit開發(fā)（資源，產(chǎn)品）export 出口 found 創(chuàng)立 generate 產(chǎn)生 good at 擅長于 guide 指導(dǎo)；操縱 implement 完成，實(shí)施 import 進(jìn)口

improve 改進(jìn)，提高 increase 增加 influence 影響

initiate 創(chuàng)始，開創(chuàng) innovate 改革，革新

inspired 受啟發(fā)的；受鼓舞的 install 安裝

integrate 使結(jié)合；使一體化 introduce 采用，引進(jìn) invent 發(fā)明 invest 投資 job title 職位

justified 經(jīng)證明的；合法化的 launch 開辦（新企業(yè)）lead 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

lengthen 延長

lessen 減少（生產(chǎn)成本）level 水平

localize 使地方化 maintain 保持；維修 make 制造

manage 管理，經(jīng)營 manufacture 制造 mastered 精通的 modernize 使現(xiàn)代化 motivate 促進(jìn)，激發(fā) negotiate 談判

nominated 被提名的；被任命的 occupational history 工作經(jīng)歷

operate 操作，開動（機(jī)器等），經(jīng)營（廠礦）organize 組織

originate 創(chuàng)始，發(fā)明 overcome 克服（困難等）participate in 參加 perfect 使完善；改善 perform 執(zhí)行，履行 plan 計(jì)劃

position 職位

professional history 職業(yè)經(jīng)歷 professional 職業(yè)經(jīng)歷 profit 利潤

promote 生產(chǎn)，制造

promote 推銷（商品）；創(chuàng)立（企業(yè)）等 provide 提供，供應(yīng) raise 提高 reach 達(dá)到

realize 實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)等）；獲得（利潤）receive 收到，得到，接受 recognize 認(rèn)清（職責(zé)等）

recommended 被推薦的；被介紹的 reconsolidate 重新鞏固；重新整頓 reconstruct 重建 recorded 記載的 recover恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ) rectify 整頓，調(diào)整 redouble 加倍，倍增

reduce 減少，降低（成本等）refine 精練，精制 reform 改革

regenerate 更新，使更生 registered 已注冊的 regularize 使系統(tǒng)化 regulate 控制（費(fèi)用等）rehandle 重鑄；重新處理

rehash以新形式處理（舊材料）reinforce 加強(qiáng)

reckon 計(jì)算（成本等）renew 重建，換新 renovate 革新；修理 repair 修復(fù)，修補(bǔ) replace 接替，替換

representative 代表，代理人 research 調(diào)查，研究 resolve 解決

responsibilities 職責(zé) second job 第二職業(yè) set 創(chuàng)造（紀(jì)錄等）settle 解決（問題等）shorten 減低......效能 show 顯示,表明

significant 重要的,有效的 simplify 簡化,精簡 solve 解決 sort out 清理

specific experience 具體經(jīng)歷 speed up 加速 sponsor 主辦 spread 傳播,擴(kuò)大 standard 標(biāo)準(zhǔn),規(guī)格

streamline 把......設(shè)計(jì)流線型 strengthen 加強(qiáng),鞏固 study研究 succeed 成功

supervise 監(jiān)督,管理 supply 供給,滿足(需要)systematize 使系統(tǒng)化 target 目標(biāo),指標(biāo) test 試驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn) top 頭等的,最高的 total 總數(shù),總額 translate 翻譯,轉(zhuǎn)化 travel 旅行

unify 使成一體,統(tǒng)一 use 使用，運(yùn)用 useful 有用的 utilize 利用

valuable 有價值的 vivify 使活躍

well-trained 訓(xùn)練有素的 work experience 工作經(jīng)歷 work history 工作經(jīng)歷 work 工作,起作用

working model 勞動模范

worth 使......錢的,有......價值的

4.個人品質(zhì)

able 有才干的，能干的 active 主動的，活躍的 adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的 adroit 靈巧的，機(jī)敏的 aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的 alert 機(jī)靈的

ambitious 有雄心壯志的 amiable 和藹可親的 amicable 友好的

analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的 audacious 大膽的，有冒險精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 辦事仔細(xì)的 candid 正直的 charitable 寬厚的 competent 能勝任的 confident 有信心的

conscientious 認(rèn)真的，自覺的 considerate 體貼的 constructive 建設(shè)性的 contemplative 好沉思的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富創(chuàng)造力的

dashing 有一股子沖勁的，有拼搏精神的 dedicated 有奉獻(xiàn)精神的 devoted 有獻(xiàn)身精神的 dependable 可靠的

diplomatic 老練的，有策略的 disciplined 守紀(jì)律的

discreet（在行動，說話等方面）謹(jǐn)慎的 dutiful 盡職的 dynamic 精悍的 earnest 認(rèn)真的

well-educated 受過良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 enthusiastic 充滿熱情的 expressive 善于表達(dá) faithful守信的，忠誠的 forceful（性格）堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 frank 直率的，真誠的 friendly 友好的 frugal 儉樸的

generous 寬宏大量的 genteel 有教養(yǎng)的 gentle 有禮貌的 hard-working 勤勞的 hearty 精神飽滿的 honest 誠實(shí)的 hospitable 殷勤的 humble恭順的 humorous 幽默的 impartial 公正的 independent 有主見的 industrious 勤奮的 ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的 initiative 首創(chuàng)精神

have an inquiring mind 愛動腦筋 intellective 有智力的 intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的

inventive 有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的 just 正直的

kind-hearted 好心的 knowledgeable 有見識的 learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 liberal 心胸寬大的 logical 條理分明的 loyal 忠心耿耿的 methodical 有方法的 modest 謙虛的

motivated 目的明確的 objective 客觀的 open-minded 虛心的 orderly 守紀(jì)律的 original 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的

painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 practical 實(shí)際的 precise 一絲不茍的 persevering 不屈不撓的 punctual 嚴(yán)守時刻的 purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 qualified 合格的 rational 有理性的 realistic 實(shí)事求是的 reasonable 講道理的 reliable 可信賴的 responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的 self-conscious 自覺的 selfless 無私的 sensible 明白事理的 sincere 真誠的 smart 精明的

spirited 生氣勃勃的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 塌實(shí)的

straightforward 老實(shí)的 strict 嚴(yán)格的

systematic 有系統(tǒng)的

strong-willed 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 sweet-tempered 性情溫和的 temperate 穩(wěn)健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的

5.其它內(nèi)容

objective 目標(biāo)

career objective 職業(yè)目標(biāo)

employment objective 工作目標(biāo) position wanted 希望職位 job objective 工作目標(biāo)

position applied for 申請職位 position sought 謀求職位 position desired 希望職位

for more specialized work 為更專門的工作 for prospects of promotion 為晉升的前途

for higher responsibility 為更高層次的工作責(zé)任 for wider experience 為擴(kuò)大工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)

due to close-down of company 由于公司倒閉 due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期滿

offered a more challenging opportunity 獲得的更有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作機(jī)會 sought a better job 找到了更好的工作

to look for a more challenging opportunity 找一個更有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作機(jī)會 to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作

6.簡歷高頻詞匯

education 學(xué)歷 educational history 學(xué)歷

educational background 教育程度 curriculum 課程 major 主修 minor 副修

educational highlights 課程重點(diǎn)部分 curriculum included 課程包括 specialized courses 專門課程 courses taken 所學(xué)課程 special training 特別訓(xùn)練 social practice 社會實(shí)踐 part-time jobs 業(yè)余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作

vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 進(jìn)修課程

extracurricular activities 課外活動 physical activities 體育活動 recreational activities 娛樂活動 academic activities 學(xué)術(shù)活動 social activities 社會活動 rewards 獎勵

scholarship 獎學(xué)金 excellent League member 優(yōu)秀團(tuán)員 excellent leader 優(yōu)秀干部 student council 學(xué)生會 off-job training 脫產(chǎn)培訓(xùn) in-job training 在職培訓(xùn) educational system 學(xué)制 academic year 學(xué)年 semester 學(xué)期（美）term 學(xué)期（英）

supervisor 論文導(dǎo)師 pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分?jǐn)?shù) examination 考試 degree 學(xué)位

post doctorate 博士后 doctor(Ph.D)博士 master 碩士 bachelor 學(xué)士

graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留學(xué)生 abroad student 留學(xué)生 undergraduate 大學(xué)肆業(yè)生

government-supported student 公費(fèi)生 commoner 自費(fèi)生 extern 走讀生 intern 實(shí)習(xí)生

prize fellow 獎學(xué)金生 boarder 寄宿生

graduate 畢業(yè)生 guest student 旁聽生（英）auditor 旁聽生（美）day-student 走讀生

第三篇：婦產(chǎn)科相關(guān)詞匯中英對照

婦產(chǎn)科相關(guān)詞匯中英對照

導(dǎo)讀：我根據(jù)大家的需要整理了一份關(guān)于《婦產(chǎn)科相關(guān)詞匯中英對照》的內(nèi)容，具體內(nèi)容：我為大家整理了，希望對你有幫助哦!婦科學(xué)相關(guān)詞匯中英對照：Abortion 墮胎 Abortion pill 墮胎丸 Amenorrhea 月經(jīng)失調(diào)...我為大家整理了，希望對你有幫助哦!

婦科學(xué)相關(guān)詞匯中英對照：

Abortion 墮胎

Abortion pill 墮胎丸

Amenorrhea 月經(jīng)失調(diào)

Benign Fibroadenoma 良性纖維腺瘤

Breast Biopsy Options 乳房活組織檢驗(yàn)的選擇

Breast-feeding 母乳喂哺

Breast Feeding 喂哺母乳

Breast Lump 乳房硬塊評估

Caesarean section 剖腹生產(chǎn)

Candida Infections 念珠菌發(fā)炎

Cause of and Treatment for Infertility 不育的成因與治療

Cervix ：

Cancer 子宮頸癌

Cervical Electrocautery 電子宮頸

Common Questions About Pregnancy 懷孕期疑問

Dietary Recommendations for Breast-feeding Women 女性授乳飲食建議

Dilation

Milk)乳溢

Gynecology Common Complaints 常見婦科毛病面面觀

Health Risks In Babies Born After Assisted Reproduction 輔助生育出生的嬰兒健康危機(jī)

Height Loss 身高縮減

Hormone Replacement Therapy Q s Glands)乳暈腺感染

Infectious：

How Pregnant Woman Face SARS? 懷孕婦女應(yīng)如何面對非典型肺炎?

Infertility 不育的問題

Inversion of The Nipple 乳頭凹陷

Is it safe Using the Computer during Pregnancy? 懷孕期使用計(jì)算機(jī)是否安全?

Laparoscopy 腹腔鏡手術(shù)

Mammography 乳房 X 光造影檢查

Mastitis 乳腺炎

Menopause 更年期

Menopause：

Hot Flushes Associated with Menopause-Treatment 如何應(yīng)付潮熱?

Menorrhagia 經(jīng)血過多

Miscarriage 小產(chǎn)

Miscarriage：

Warning Signs 先兆小產(chǎn)

Natural Family Planning 自然家庭計(jì)劃

New Research on Hormone Replacement Therapy 荷爾蒙補(bǔ)充治療新進(jìn)展

Nipple Tissue s Disease of the Nipple 乳頭癌變病

Pap Smear：

Common Questions About Pap Smear 子宮頸抹片檢查常見問題

Postpartum Depression 產(chǎn)后抑郁

Pregnancy：

Are Pregnant Women More Susceptible by Hot Weather?

炎熱天氣會否影響孕婦?

Pregnancy in the 40s 年過四十懷孕須知

Pregnancy Dating 懷孕期之計(jì)算

Pregnancy Visits：

Doctor Visits Throughout Your Pregnancy 懷孕期間的檢查

Premenstrual Syndrome 經(jīng)前綜合癥

Prenatal Care and Tests 產(chǎn)前護(hù)理及檢查

Prenatal Tests & Diagnosis 產(chǎn)前檢查及診斷

Preventing Cystitis in Women 預(yù)防女性膀胱炎

Reproduction & Fertilization 生殖及受孕

Serious Conditions in Early Pregnancy：

Bleeding 出血

Serious Conditions in Early Pregnancy：

Ectopic Pregnancy 宮外孕

Serious Conditions in Early Pregnancy：

Miscarriage 流產(chǎn)

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Abruptio Placentae 胎盤過早剝落

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Anemia 貧血

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Bacterial Vaginosis 細(xì)菌性陰道感染

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Gestational Diabetes 妊娠性糖尿病

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Incompetent Cervix 子宮頸無力

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy ：

Placenta Preiva 懷孕中期嚴(yán)重病癥之六：胎盤前置

Serious Conditions in Mid Pregnancy：

Urinary Tract Infections 尿道感染

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Abnormal Presentation 異常先露

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Amniotic Fluid Disorders 羊水異常

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

High Blood Pressure 高血壓

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Poor Fetal Growth 胎兒成長不足

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

postmaturity 過度成熟

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Preeclampsia and Eclampsia 先兆子癇與子癇

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Premature Labor 早產(chǎn)

Serious Conditions in Late Pregnancy：

Premature Rupture of the Membranes

胎膜過早破裂

Sexually Transmitted Diseases 常見性病

Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy 性病與懷孕

Sterilization in Woman 女性絕育手術(shù)

Suction Evacuation 真空吸引術(shù)

Teenage Pregnancy 青春期少女懷孕

Testosterone patch improves sexual function 睪酮補(bǔ)片有助改善女性性功能?

The Right Diet for Pregnancy 懷孕期間的正確飲食

Urinary Tract Infection 尿道發(fā)炎

Urinary Tract Infections 尿道炎威脅成熟女性

Uterus：

Fibroid 子宮肌瘤

Uterus：

Hysterectomy 子宮切除術(shù)

Uterus：

Hysterectomy 子宮切除手術(shù)

Uterus Retroversion 子宮后屈

Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy 懷孕期間的陰道分泌

Vulvovaginitis 常見的陰道及外陰發(fā)炎

微信掃一掃二維碼分享到微信好友或朋友圈來源：網(wǎng)友投稿

第四篇：數(shù)學(xué)詞匯中英對照

初等數(shù)學(xué) elementary mathematics 高等數(shù)學(xué) higher mathematics 現(xiàn)代數(shù)學(xué) modern mathematics 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué) basic mathematics 應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) applied mathematics 計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)computational mathematics 復(fù)變函數(shù)論 theory of functions of a complex variable 實(shí)變函數(shù)論 theory of functions of a real variable 泛函分析 functional analysis 數(shù)理邏輯 mathematical logic 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì) mathematical statistics 常微分方程 ordinary differential equation 偏微分方程 partial differential equation 數(shù)理方程 equation of mathematical physics 代數(shù)拓?fù)鋵W(xué) algebraic topology 集合論 set theory 拓?fù)淇臻g topological 概率論 probability 隨機(jī)過程 stochastic process 李群 Lie group 數(shù)論 number theory 圖論 graph theory 編碼理論 coding theory 混沌理論 chaotic theory 一般詞匯

數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom 定理 theorem 計(jì)算 calculation 運(yùn)算 operation 證明 prove 假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition

算術(shù) arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加數(shù) augend, summand 加數(shù) addend 和 sum 減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend 減數(shù) subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend 乘數(shù) multiplicator 積 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend 除數(shù) divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 運(yùn)算符 operator 數(shù)字 digit 數(shù) number 自然數(shù) natural number 整數(shù) integer 小數(shù) decimal 小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point 分?jǐn)?shù) fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 負(fù) negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十進(jìn)制 decimal system 二進(jìn)制 binary system 十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system 權(quán) weight, significance 進(jìn)位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效數(shù)字 significant digit 無效數(shù)字 insignificant digit

代數(shù) algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial 多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial 系數(shù) coefficient 未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 階乘 factorial 對數(shù) logarithm 指數(shù)，冪 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 開方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 補(bǔ)集 complement 映射 mapping 函數(shù) function 定義域 domain, field of definition 值域 range 常量 constant 變量 variable 單調(diào)性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性 periodicity 圖象 image 數(shù)列，級數(shù) series 微積分 calculus 微分 differential 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 極限 limit 無窮大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal 積分 integral 定積分 definite integral 不定積分 indefinite integral 有理數(shù) rational number 無理數(shù) irrational number 實(shí)數(shù) real number 虛數(shù) imaginary number 復(fù)數(shù) complex number 矩陣 matrix 行列式 determinant

幾何 geometry 點(diǎn) point 線 line 面 plane 體 solid 線段 segment 射線 radial平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian 銳角 acute angle 直角 right angle 鈍角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 邊 side 高 height 三角形 triangle 銳角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角邊 leg 斜邊 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等邊三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等邊三角形 equilateral triangle 四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 長 length 寬 width 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五邊形 pentagon 六邊形 hexagon 七邊形 heptagon 八邊形 octagon 九邊形 enneagon 十邊形 decagon 十一邊形 hendecagon 十二邊形 dodecagon 多邊形 polygon 正多邊形 equilateral polygon 圓 circle 圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑 radius 直徑 diameter 圓周率 pi 弧 arc 半圓 semicircle 扇形 sector 環(huán) ring 橢圓 ellipse 圓周 circumference 周長 perimeter 面積 area 軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar 全等 congruent 四面體 tetrahedron 五面體 pentahedron 六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped 立方體 cube 七面體 heptahedron 八面體 octahedron 九面體 enneahedron 十面體 decahedron 十一面體 hendecahedron 十二面體 dodecahedron 二十面體 icosahedron 多面體 polyhedron 棱錐 pyramid 棱柱 prism 棱臺 frustum of a prism 旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation 軸 axis 圓錐 cone 圓柱 cylinder 圓臺 frustum of a cone 球 sphere 半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface 表面積 surface area 體積 volume 空間 space 坐標(biāo)系 coordinates 坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate 縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate 原點(diǎn) origin 雙曲線 hyperbola 拋物線 parabola

三角 trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant 相位 phase 周期 period 振幅 amplitude 內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle 外切圓 circumcircle

統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics平均數(shù) average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average 方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion 百分比 percent 百分點(diǎn) percentage 百分位數(shù) percentile 排列 permutation 組合 combination 概率，或然率 probability 分布 distribution 正態(tài)分布 normal distribution 非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution 圖表 graph 條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph 柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram 折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 broken line graph 曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram 扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram 方程

wave equation 波動方程 tangental equation 切線方程 quartic equation 四次方程式 quadratic equation 二次方程式 magnitude equation 【天】星等差 linear equation 一次方程式

irreducible equation 不可約方程 integral equation 積分方程

indicial equation 【數(shù)】指數(shù)方程 indeterminate equation 不定方程

集合與簡易邏輯

集合（集）

set 非負(fù)整數(shù)集

the set of all non-negative integers 自然數(shù)集

the set of all natural numbers 正整數(shù)集

the set of all positive integers 整數(shù)集

the set of all integers 有理數(shù)集

the set of all rational numbers 實(shí)數(shù)集

the set of all real numbers 元素

element 屬于

belong to 不屬于

not belong to 有限集

finite set 無限集

infinite set 空集

empty set 包含

inclusion, include 包含于

lie in 子集

subset 真子集

補(bǔ)集（余集）

全集

交集

并集

偶數(shù)集

奇數(shù)集

含絕對值的不等式

一元二次不等式

邏輯

邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞

或

且

非

真

假

真值表

原命題

逆命題

否命題

逆否命題

充分條件

必要條件

充要條件

……的充要條件是……

函數(shù)

函數(shù)

自變量

定義域

值域

區(qū)間

閉區(qū)間

開區(qū)間

函數(shù)的圖象

proper subset

complementary set universe intersection

union

the set of all even numbers

the set of all odd numbers

inequality with absolute value

one-variable quadratic inequality

logic

logic connective

or

and

not

true

false

truth table

original proposition

converse proposition

negative proposition

converse-negative proposition

sufficient condition

necessary condition

sufficient and necessary condition … if and only if …

function argument domain range interval

closed interval open interval graph of function

映射

mapping 象

image 原象

inverse image 單調(diào)

monotone 增函數(shù)

increasing function 減函數(shù)

decreasing function 單調(diào)區(qū)間

monotone interval 反函數(shù)

inverse function 指數(shù)

exponent n次方根

根式

根指數(shù)

被開方數(shù)

指數(shù)函數(shù)

對數(shù)

常用對數(shù)

自然對數(shù)

對數(shù)函數(shù)

數(shù)列

數(shù)列

項(xiàng)

通項(xiàng)公式

有窮數(shù)列

無窮數(shù)列

遞推公式

等差數(shù)列

公差

等差中項(xiàng)

等比數(shù)列

公比

等比中項(xiàng)

三角函數(shù)

三角函數(shù)

始邊

終邊

正角

負(fù)角

零角

象限角

弧度

弧度制

n th root

radical

radical exponent

radicand

exponential function

logarithm

common logarithm

natural logarithm

logarithmic function

sequence of number

term

the formula of general term

finite sequence of number

infinite sequence of number

recurrence formula

arithmetic progression，arithmetic series

common difference

arithmetic mean

geometric progression，geometric series

common ratio

geometric mean trigonometric function initial side terminal side positive angle negative angle zero angle quadrant angle radian

radian measure

角度制

degree measure 正弦

sine 余弦

cosine 正切

tangent 余切

cotangent 正割

secant 余割

cosecant 誘導(dǎo)公式

induction formula 正弦曲線

sine curve 余弦曲線

最大值

最小值

周期

最小正周期

周期函數(shù)

振幅

頻率

相位

初相

反正弦

反余弦

反正切

平面向量

有向線段

數(shù)量

向量

零向量

相等向量

共線向量

平行向量

向量的數(shù)乘

單位向量

基底

基向量

平移

數(shù)量積

正弦定理

余弦定理

不等式

算術(shù)平均數(shù)

幾何平均數(shù)

比較法

cosine curve maximum minimum period

minimal positive period periodic function

amplitude of vibration frequency phase

initial phase arc sine arc cosine arc tangent directed line segment scalar quantity vector zero vector equal vector collinear vectors parallel vectors

multiplication of vector by scalar unit vector base

base vectors translation inner product sine theorem cosine theorem

arithmetic mean

geometric mean

method of compare

綜合法

method of synthesis 分析法

method of analysis 直線

傾斜角

angle of inclination 斜率

gradient 點(diǎn)斜式

point slope form 截距

intercept 斜截式

gradient intercept form 兩點(diǎn)式

一般式

夾角

線性規(guī)劃

約束條件

目標(biāo)函數(shù)

可行域

最優(yōu)解

圓錐曲線

曲線

坐標(biāo)法

解析幾何

笛卡兒

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程

一般方程

參數(shù)方程

參數(shù)

圓錐曲線

橢圓

焦點(diǎn)

焦距

長軸

短軸

離心率

雙曲線

實(shí)軸

虛軸

漸近線

拋物線

準(zhǔn)線

初等數(shù)學(xué) elementary mathematics 高等數(shù)學(xué) higher mathematics 現(xiàn)代數(shù)學(xué) modern mathematics 基礎(chǔ)數(shù)學(xué) basic mathematics 應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué) applied mathematics

two-point form general form included angle

linear programming constraint condition objective function feasible region optimal solution curve

method of coordinate analytic geometry Descartes

standard equation general equation parameter equation parameter point conic ellipse

focus, focal points focal length major axis minor axis eccentricity hyperbola real axis

imaginary axis asymptote parabola directrix

計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)computational mathematics 復(fù)變函數(shù)論 theory of functions of a complex variable 實(shí)變函數(shù)論 theory of functions of a real variable 泛函分析 functional analysis 數(shù)理邏輯 mathematical logic 數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì) mathematical statistics 常微分方程 ordinary differential equation 偏微分方程 partial differential equation 數(shù)理方程 equation of mathematical physics 代數(shù)拓?fù)鋵W(xué) algebraic topology 集合論 set theory 拓?fù)淇臻g topological 概率論 probability 隨機(jī)過程 stochastic process 李群 Lie group 數(shù)論 number theory 圖論 graph theory 編碼理論 coding theory 混沌理論 chaotic theory 一般詞匯

數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom 定理 theorem 計(jì)算 calculation 運(yùn)算 operation 證明 prove 假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition

算術(shù) arithmetic 加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加數(shù) augend, summand 加數(shù) addend 和 sum 減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend 減數(shù) subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend 乘數(shù) multiplicator 積 product 除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend 除數(shù) divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 運(yùn)算符 operator 數(shù)字 digit 數(shù) number 自然數(shù) natural number 整數(shù) integer 小數(shù) decimal 小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point 分?jǐn)?shù) fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 負(fù) negative 零 null, zero, nought, nil 十進(jìn)制 decimal system 二進(jìn)制 binary system 十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system 權(quán) weight, significance 進(jìn)位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效數(shù)字 significant digit 無效數(shù)字 insignificant digit

代數(shù) algebra 公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial 多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial 系數(shù) coefficient 未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 階乘 factorial 對數(shù) logarithm 指數(shù)，冪 exponent 乘方 power 二次方，平方 square 三次方，立方 cube 四次方 the power of four, the fourth power n次方 the power of n, the nth power 開方 evolution, extraction 二次方根，平方根 square root 三次方根，立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root n次方根 the root of n, the nth root 集合 aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 補(bǔ)集 complement 映射 mapping 函數(shù) function 定義域 domain, field of definition 值域 range 常量 constant 變量 variable 單調(diào)性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性 periodicity 圖象 image 數(shù)列，級數(shù) series 微積分 calculus 微分 differential 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 極限 limit 無窮大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal 積分 integral 定積分 definite integral 不定積分 indefinite integral 有理數(shù) rational number 無理數(shù) irrational number 實(shí)數(shù) real number 虛數(shù) imaginary number 復(fù)數(shù) complex number 矩陣 matrix 行列式 determinant

幾何 geometry 點(diǎn) point 線 line 面 plane 體 solid 線段 segment 射線 radial平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian 銳角 acute angle 直角 right angle 鈍角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 邊 side 高 height 三角形 triangle 銳角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角邊 leg 斜邊 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等邊三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等邊三角形 equilateral triangle 四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 長 length 寬 width 菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五邊形 pentagon 六邊形 hexagon 七邊形 heptagon 八邊形 octagon 九邊形 enneagon 十邊形 decagon 十一邊形 hendecagon 十二邊形 dodecagon 多邊形 polygon 正多邊形 equilateral polygon 圓 circle 圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑 radius 直徑 diameter 圓周率 pi 弧 arc 半圓 semicircle 扇形 sector 環(huán) ring 橢圓 ellipse 圓周 circumference 周長 perimeter 面積 area 軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar 全等 congruent 四面體 tetrahedron 五面體 pentahedron 六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped 立方體 cube 七面體 heptahedron 八面體 octahedron 九面體 enneahedron 十面體 decahedron 十一面體 hendecahedron 十二面體 dodecahedron 二十面體 icosahedron 多面體 polyhedron 棱錐 pyramid 棱柱 prism 棱臺 frustum of a prism 旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation 軸 axis 圓錐 cone 圓柱 cylinder 圓臺 frustum of a cone 球 sphere 半球 hemisphere 底面 undersurface 表面積 surface area 體積 volume 空間 space 坐標(biāo)系 coordinates 坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate 縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate 原點(diǎn) origin 雙曲線 hyperbola 拋物線 parabola

三角 trigonometry 正弦 sine 余弦 cosine 正切 tangent 余切 cotangent 正割 secant 余割 cosecant 反正弦 arc sine 反余弦 arc cosine 反正切 arc tangent 反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant 相位 phase 周期 period 振幅 amplitude 內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle 外切圓 circumcircle

統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics平均數(shù) average 加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average 方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例 propotion 百分比 percent 百分點(diǎn) percentage 百分位數(shù) percentile 排列 permutation 組合 combination 概率，或然率 probability 分布 distribution 正態(tài)分布 normal distribution 非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution 圖表 graph 條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph 柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram 折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 broken line graph 曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram 扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram 方程

wave equation 波動方程 tangental equation 切線方程 quartic equation 四次方程式 quadratic equation 二次方程式 magnitude equation 【天】星等差 linear equation 一次方程式

irreducible equation 不可約方程 integral equation 積分方程

indicial equation 【數(shù)】指數(shù)方程 indeterminate equation 不定方程

集合與簡易邏輯

集合（集）

set 非負(fù)整數(shù)集

the set of all non-negative integers 自然數(shù)集

the set of all natural numbers 正整數(shù)集

the set of all positive integers 整數(shù)集

the set of all integers 有理數(shù)集

the set of all rational numbers 實(shí)數(shù)集

the set of all real numbers 元素

element 屬于

belong to 不屬于

not belong to 有限集

finite set 無限集

infinite set 空集

empty set 包含

inclusion, include 包含于

lie in 子集

subset 真子集

proper subset 補(bǔ)集（余集）

complementary set 全集

universe 交集

intersection 并集

union 偶數(shù)集

奇數(shù)集

含絕對值的不等式

一元二次不等式

邏輯

邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞

或

且

非

真

假

真值表

原命題

逆命題

否命題

逆否命題

充分條件

必要條件

充要條件

……的充要條件是……

函數(shù)

函數(shù)

自變量

定義域

值域

區(qū)間

閉區(qū)間

開區(qū)間

函數(shù)的圖象

映射

象

原象

單調(diào)

增函數(shù)

the set of all even numbers

the set of all odd numbers

inequality with absolute value

one-variable quadratic inequality

logic

logic connective

or

and

not

true

false

truth table

original proposition

converse proposition

negative proposition

converse-negative proposition

sufficient condition

necessary condition

sufficient and necessary condition … if and only if …

function argument domain range interval

closed interval open interval graph of function mapping image

inverse image monotone

increasing function

減函數(shù)

decreasing function 單調(diào)區(qū)間

monotone interval 反函數(shù)

inverse function 指數(shù)

exponent n次方根

n th root 根式

radical 根指數(shù)

radical exponent 被開方數(shù)

radicand 指數(shù)函數(shù)

exponential function 對數(shù)

常用對數(shù)

自然對數(shù)

對數(shù)函數(shù)

數(shù)列

數(shù)列

項(xiàng)

通項(xiàng)公式

有窮數(shù)列

無窮數(shù)列

遞推公式

等差數(shù)列

公差

等差中項(xiàng)

等比數(shù)列

公比

等比中項(xiàng)

三角函數(shù)

三角函數(shù)

始邊

終邊

正角

負(fù)角

零角

象限角

弧度

弧度制

角度制

正弦

余弦

正切

logarithm

common logarithm

natural logarithm

logarithmic function

sequence of number

term

the formula of general term

finite sequence of number

infinite sequence of number

recurrence formula

arithmetic progression，arithmetic series

common difference

arithmetic mean

geometric progression，geometric series

common ratio

geometric mean trigonometric function initial side terminal side positive angle negative angle zero angle quadrant angle radian

radian measure degree measure sine cosine tangent

余切

cotangent 正割

secant 余割

cosecant 誘導(dǎo)公式

induction formula 正弦曲線

sine curve 余弦曲線

cosine curve 最大值

maximum 最小值

minimum 周期

period 最小正周期

周期函數(shù)

振幅

頻率

相位

初相

反正弦

反余弦

反正切

平面向量

有向線段

數(shù)量

向量

零向量

相等向量

共線向量

平行向量

向量的數(shù)乘

單位向量

基底

基向量

平移

數(shù)量積

正弦定理

余弦定理

不等式

算術(shù)平均數(shù)

幾何平均數(shù)

比較法

綜合法

分析法

直線

minimal positive period periodic function

amplitude of vibration frequency phase

initial phase arc sine arc cosine arc tangent directed line segment scalar quantity vector zero vector equal vector collinear vectors parallel vectors

multiplication of vector by scalar unit vector base

base vectors translation inner product sine theorem cosine theorem

arithmetic mean

geometric mean

method of compare

method of synthesis

method of analysis

傾斜角

angle of inclination 斜率

gradient 點(diǎn)斜式

point slope form 截距

intercept 斜截式

gradient intercept form 兩點(diǎn)式

two-point form 一般式

general form 夾角

included angle 線性規(guī)劃

linear programming 約束條件

目標(biāo)函數(shù)

可行域

最優(yōu)解

圓錐曲線

曲線

坐標(biāo)法

解析幾何

笛卡兒

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程

一般方程

參數(shù)方程

參數(shù)

圓錐曲線

橢圓

焦點(diǎn)

焦距

長軸

短軸

離心率

雙曲線

實(shí)軸

虛軸

漸近線

拋物線

準(zhǔn)線

constraint condition objective function feasible region optimal solution curve

method of coordinate analytic geometry Descartes

standard equation general equation parameter equation parameter point conic ellipse

focus, focal points focal length major axis minor axis eccentricity hyperbola real axis

imaginary axis asymptote parabola directrix

第五篇：珠寶首飾詞匯中英對照

飾品相關(guān)英語詞匯

Hair ornaments 發(fā)飾

Hairpin 發(fā)夾

Fascinator 用羽毛、花朵、珠子等組成的華麗頭飾 headband 頭巾 tiara 小皇冠

Head ornaments 頭飾及面部裝飾

clip-on earrings 夾式耳環(huán) magnetic earrings 磁石耳環(huán) nose ring 鼻環(huán) nose stud 鼻釘 coronet 花冠

Arm ornaments 臂飾

armlet 臂環(huán) cuff link 袖扣 bangle 手鐲/腳鐲

Body ornaments 身體上的飾物 brooch 胸針 chatelaine 腰鏈 anklet 腳鏈

寶石（Stone）

鉆石Diamond 紅寶石Ruby 藍(lán)寶石Sapphire 祖母綠Emerald 綠柱石Beryl 鋯石Zircon 橄欖石Peridot 石榴石Garnet 石英Quartz 水晶Rock crystal 翡翠Jadeite 綠松石Turquoise 孔雀石Malachite 大理石Marble 壽山石Lardetite 珍珠Pearl 珊瑚Coral 琥珀Amber 象牙Ivory 貝殼Shell 閃山靈Opal 縞瑪瑙Onyx 形狀（Shape）

圓形Round 錐形Taper 馬眼形Marquise 梨形Pear 正方形Square 長方形Rectangle 橢圓形Oval 心形Heart 八角形Octagon 三角形Triangle 半圓形Semicircle 類型（Type）

戒指Ring 耳環(huán)Earring 吊墜Pendant 手鐲Bangle 手鏈Bracelet 項(xiàng)鏈Necklace 配件Parts 鏈Chain 呔針Tie Pin 呔夾Tie Clip 呔鏈Tie Chain 呔釘Tie Tack 夾子Clip 套裝Set 扣子Clasp 踝飾Anklet 袖口鈕Cufflinks 發(fā)夾Hair Clip 框Frame 筆夾Pen Clip 金幣Gold Coin 胸針Brooch 一串Strand 鎖匙扣Key Holder 雕刻品Carving 條形襟針Stick Pin 表Watch 相盒Locket 封底片Plate 瓜子耳Bails 珠子Bead 扣掣Snap 款式Style 鑲嵌（Setting）

針板鑲座Bar setting 包鑲Bezel setting 夾鑲Channel setting 群鑲Cluster setting 吉普賽鑲Gypsy setting 隱藏式鑲Invisible 密鑲式鑲Pave setting 爪鑲Prong setting 座單石鑲Solitaire setting 帝凡尼鑲Tiffany setting 金屬（Metal）

黃金Gold 銀Silver 銅Cuprum 鉑金Platinum 鈀金Palladium ———————————————————————————————— bangle(手,腳)鐲的 bracelet(手,腳)鏈鐲的

tennis bracelet 由塊狀物連接起來的手鏈brooch(胸,領(lǐng))針的 charm 鏈的添加飾品,用來個性化手鏈的 earring 耳環(huán)的 necklace 項(xiàng)鏈的

navel jewellery 肚臍飾品的 belly ring 環(huán)狀肚臍飾品的 barbell 杠鈴狀肚臍飾品的 dangle 有墜子的肚臍飾品的 pendant 項(xiàng)鏈的墜子的 ring 戒指的

toe ring 腳趾也戴戒指的 tongue ring 舌環(huán)...的

tongue bar 裝在舌頭上的的 fine silver 999 純銀的 sterling silver 925 銀的 coin silver 800 或900 銀的 gemstone 寶石的 gold plated 鍍金的的

genuine diamond 真鉆石的

CZ diamond 水鉆,就是種水晶的 ruby 紅寶石的 sapphire 藍(lán)寶石的 emerald 綠寶石的

topaz 黃寶石,它也是有很多顏色的的 moonstone 月光石,月亮石的 garnet 石榴石的 jade 翡翠的 crystal 水晶的 amethyst 紫水晶的 rose quartz 玫瑰石英的 opal 澳寶的

zircon 鋯石,風(fēng)信子石,據(jù)說跟水晶一樣硬而韌,比鉆石色散更高,較便宜的 oval 卵狀的 teardrop 淚狀的 leaf 葉狀的 wing 翅狀的 heart 心形的

bead 珠子,珠狀的 jewellery box 首飾盒

------------------１、寶石名稱

寶石類：

鉆石：diamond 剛玉：corundum 紅寶石： ruby 藍(lán)寶石： sapphire 綠寶石： beryl 石英： quartz 水晶：

無色水晶：rock crystal 黃水晶： citrine 煙晶： smoky quartz 紫晶： amethyst 薔薇輝石：rhodonite 綠柱石：

祖母綠： emerald 金綠寶石：chrysoberyl 石榴石： garnet 尖晶石： spinel 鋯石： zircon 電氣石： tourmaline 橄欖石： peridot 變石（亞歷山大石）：alexandrite 托帕石： topaz 瑪瑙： agate 方解石： calcite 磷灰石： apatite 琥珀： amber 珍珠： pearl 象牙： ivory 閃亮拉光石labradorite 貝殼sea-shell 玉石類：

硬玉： jadeite 翡翠：jade 軟玉： nephrite 歐泊： opal 孔雀石： malachite 長石： feldspar 玉髓： chalcedony 綠松石： turquoise 金屬（metal）鉑金： platinum 純金： gold 純銀： sterling 銅： copper 黃銅： brass 鐵： iron 鈣： calcium 錫： tin 鎂： magnesium 錳： manganese 鉻： chromium 琺瑯： enamel 白蠟： pewter 合金： alloy 非合金： unalloy 塊金： nugget 2．常見首飾

手鐲bracelet 戒指ring 胸針brooches 掛件pendant 耳環(huán)earring 鈕扣button 項(xiàng)鏈necklace 皮帶strap 領(lǐng)帶tie 紐扣button 珠子bead 3.物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)

硬度hardness 摩氏硬度：Mohs scale 全稱the Mohs hardness 體積volume 韌性toughness 斷口fracture 貝殼狀斷口：conchoidal fracture 參差狀斷口：splintery fracture 無斷口： smooth or even fracture 鋸齒狀斷口：hackly or uneven fracture 解理cleavage 裂開parting 密度density 相對密度：relative density=specific gravity 比重specific gravity(S.G.)光澤luster 失去光澤tarnish 熔點(diǎn)melt point 煉制合金alloying 拋cast 錘hammer 焊solder 鍍plate（鍍金、銀等）電鍍 plated ad.鍍金的，裝甲的

plating n.（電）鍍，噴鍍；鍍金（術(shù)），包覆金屬 熔敖deposit 熔敖，涂，（噴）鍍 腐蝕corrosion 退火annealing 軟焊soldering

4、寶石的特征： 美麗的beauty 稀有的rarity 耐久的durability 穩(wěn)定的stable 可塑的malleable 可塑的，有延展性的 malleability 能力，可塑性平坦地plainly平坦地，明白地 客觀的external 外部的 避邪的talismanic 護(hù)身符的 醫(yī)療的curative 預(yù)防疾病的prophylactic 傳統(tǒng)的traditional 超自然的supranatural 象征性的symbolically

5、計(jì)量單位： 卡拉karat(K)克拉carat

仿首飾：imitation jewelry/semi-precious 真首飾：fine jewelry/precious...頭飾：hair accessories 皇冠：tiara 項(xiàng)鏈：necklace 吊墜：pendant 耳環(huán)：earring 胸針：brooch 手鏈：bracelet 手鐲：bangle 戒指：ring 腳鏈：anklet 絲巾扣scarf buckle 奧鉆：swarovski rhinestone 捷克鉆：czech stones 松石：turquoise 電泳：electrophoresis 電鍍：electroplate 磨砂石：matte plastic bead 貓眼：cat's eye 水晶：crystal 珍珠：pearl 合金鑄造：white metal casting 爪鏈：cup chain 壓克力：acrylic 鍍金：gold plating 古金：antique gold 古銀：antique silver 古銅：antique copper 古青銅：antique bronze 霧金：matte gold 鍍白金：rhodium plated 鍍代銠：imitation rhodium 烤漆：lacquer 鉆色

crystal 白色

black diamond 淺茶 jet 黑色

aquamarine 湖藍(lán) lt.sapphire 淺蘭 sapphire 深藍(lán) montana 墨蘭 capri blue peridot 淺綠 olivine 橄欖綠 blue zircon 綠鋯石 emerald 深綠 green turaline 淺黃jonquil 金黃topaz 淡黃lt.colorado topaz 煙黃smoked topaz 淺粉lt.rose 粉紅rose 梅紅fuchsia 紅鋯石hyacinth 大紅lt.siam 深紅siam 紅寶石ruby 石榴紅garnet 淺紫：lt.amethyst 深紫：amethyst Walton filter 沃爾頓濾色鏡 Wardite 水磷鋁納石 Wart agate 瘤狀瑪瑙

Wart pearl 瘤狀珍珠同blister pearl Warty Back pearl 沃蒂拜克珍珠 Washboard pearl 洗衣皮珍珠 Wassie(Wass)大裂片 Watch fob 表鎖環(huán) Water 水(鉆),水(色)Water agate 水瑪瑙

Water chrysolite 水橄欖石同moldavite Water drop 水滴

Water drop quartz 水滴石英,水膽水晶 Water-of-Ayr stone 恨水石 Water opal 水蛋白石 Water sapphire 水藍(lán)寶石 Water stone 水石

Watermelon tourmalin 西瓜碧璽 WaterWorn stone 水蝕石 Wax agata 蠟狀瑪瑙 Wax jade 蜜蠟黃玉 Wax opal 蠟狀蛋白石 Wax pearl 蠟珍珠

Webster Kopjie Diamond 韋伯斯特?考帕吉鉆石 Wedding anniversary 結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日 Wedding ring 結(jié)婚戒指 WedgeWood 瓷器 Well 井眼

Wernerite 柱石

Wesseltons 維謝爾頓鉆

Wet digging 濕礦山,沖積礦山 Whern 燧石 Whistle 魚鰾型 Whitamite 綠廉石

Whitby jet 懷特比煤礦 White carnelian 白光玉髓 White Cliffs opal 白崖歐泊 White emerald 白祖母綠 White garnet 白色石榴石 White gold 白色金

White iron pyrites 白鐵礦 White jade 白玉 White jadeite 白翡翠

White moss agate 白苔蘇瑪瑙 White metal 白色合金 White opal 白歐泊

White sapphire 白色藍(lán)寶石 White Saxon 白薩克森鉆石 White schorl 鈉長石 White silk stone 白絹石 White stone 玻璃假寶石 White topaz 白色黃寶石

WickloW diamond 威克洛鉆石 Wilconite 紫方柱石 Wild pearl 野生珍珠 Willemite 硅鋅礦 Williamsite 纖蛇紋石 Wilsonite 紫紅方柱石

Wiluite 硼符山石,鈣鋁榴石,威魯石 WindoW cut 窗型 Wing pearl 羽翼珍珠

Wisconsin pearl 威斯康星珍珠 Wisps 云雪瑕疵 Wolf's eye 狼眼石 Wolf's eye ston 狼眼石 Wollastonite 硅灰石 飾品名詞

常見的電鍍有如下幾種：

1.鍍20K 金（20K GOLD PLATING)2.鍍白K(Imitation Rhodium Plated)3.鍍銀（silver plated）4.鍍古金(antique gold)5.鍍古銀(antique silver)6.鍍古銅(antique copper)7.鍍古青銅(antique bronze)8.鍍白金(rodium plated)9.鍍槍黑(gun color plated)無鎳（(Nickle free)仿首飾：imitation jewelry/semi-precious 真首飾：fine jewelry/precious.......飾品常見的材質(zhì)分為以下幾種：

1.合金飾品：white metal casting Jewelry or alloy jewelry 2.爪鏈飾品：cup chain Jewelry or claw chain 3.銀飾品：salver 925 Jewelry 4.珍珠飾品：pearl Jewelry 水鉆有很多種類，從高到低依次為：

1.奧地利產(chǎn)，施華洛世奇swarovski rhinestone 2.奧登鉆

2.捷克鉆czech stones 3.中東鉆

4.印度鉆(也稱碎石）5.國貿(mào)鉆（國產(chǎn)鉆）

7.壓克力（塑料的）acrylic 與飾品搭配的還有：

1.鋯石（zircon)2.貓眼(cat's eye)3.馬眼（horses)3.水晶（crystal eye)4.珍珠(pearl)5.貝殼(cowry)6.松石（turquoise)7.膠珠：（PLASTIC BEADS）8.水晶膠（crystal pastern）9.樹脂(Resin)10.綠松石（turquoise）

Wollastonite cat's eye 硅灰石貓眼石 Wood agate 木瑪瑙 Wood opal 木蛋白石 Wood stone 木石 Wood tin 木錫石

World's eye 眾人之眼,世界之眼 Wurttenberg jet 維滕貝爾格煤精 Wyoming jade 懷俄明 Wyse ruby 威斯紅寶石

Ornaments，headgear，jewelry 首飾 Gold fashions 金飾 Silver fashions 銀飾 Hair decorations 發(fā)飾 Waist chain 腰鏈 Trousers chain 褲鏈 Pendant 項(xiàng)飾 Necklace 項(xiàng)鏈 Earrings 耳環(huán) Ring 戒指

Bracelet 手鏈, 手鐲 Bobby pin 發(fā)夾 Brooch 胸針 Bangle 手鐲 Pendant 鏈墜 Toe ring 腳戒 Gemstone 寶石 Gold plated 鍍金的

Genuine diamond 真鉆石 CZ diamond 水鉆,水晶 Zircon 鋯石,風(fēng)信子石, Heart 心形的 Bead 珠子 Set 套飾

Mobile chain 手機(jī)鏈 Key chain 鑰匙扣 Button 鈕扣 Pin 別針

Headgear 頭飾

Fine silver 999 純銀的 Sterling silver 925銀 Coin silver 800或900銀 Button 紐扣 Stock 庫存 Dog chain 爪鏈 Conch 貝殼 Woodiness 木質(zhì) Acryl 壓克力 Alloy 合金 Iron 鐵

Material 材質(zhì) Size 尺寸 Finery 服飾 Fittings 配件 Crown 皇冠 Resin 樹脂 Opal 貓眼石 Necklace----項(xiàng)鏈 Earring----耳環(huán) Pendant----吊塹 Key chain—鑰匙鏈 Key ring---鑰匙扣 Acryl---亞克力 Pantone---潘東色卡號

Rose gold colour----玫瑰金色 Plastic beed-----塑料珠子 Bubble bag----氣泡袋 Organza bag---紗袋 color printed polybag---四色印刷OPP 袋 Czech crystal----捷克鉆

Drop shaped pendant----水滴形吊塹 Beed---珠子 Plating---電鍍

Black fabric strap for hanging the mobile---?(掛手機(jī)的繩子)Charm bracelets-----手鐲掛件 Metal charms---金屬掛件 gemstone 寶石的 gold plated 鍍金的的

genuine diamond 真鉆石的

CZ diamond 水鉆,就是種水晶的 ruby 紅寶石的 sapphire 藍(lán)寶石的 emerald 綠寶石的

topaz 黃寶石,它也是有很多顏色的的 moonstone 月光石,月亮石的 garnet 石榴石的 jade 翡翠的 crystal 水晶的 amethyst 紫水晶的 rose quartz 玫瑰石英的 opal 澳寶的

Natural color;begin colour 自然色

Primary colour;fundamental colour 原色 Pure colour 純色

Complementary colour 補(bǔ)色

Fashion colour;trend colour 流行色 International colour 國際流行色 Essential colour 基本色 Similar colour 同類色 Multicolour 多種色彩 Full colour 彩色 Plain colour 素色

Secondary color 混合色 Contract colour 對比色 Cold colour 冷色 Warm colour 暖色

Neutral colour;intermedium colour 中間色 Soft colour 柔和色 Rich in colour 濃色

Advancing colour 前進(jìn)色 Receding colour 后退色 Expansive colour 膨脹色 Contracting colour 收縮色 Ground colour 底色 Surface colour 表面色 Transparent color 透明色 Metal colour 金屬色 Accent colour 強(qiáng)調(diào)色

Colour matching;colour combination 配色 Colour mixing 調(diào)色 bangle(手,腳)鐲的 bracelet(手,腳)鏈鐲的

tennis bracelet 由塊狀物連接起來的手鏈brooch(胸,領(lǐng))針的 charm 鏈的添加飾品,用來個性化手鏈的 earring 耳環(huán)的 necklace 項(xiàng)鏈的

navel jewellery 肚臍飾品的 belly ring 環(huán)狀肚臍飾品的 barbell 杠鈴狀肚臍飾品的 dangle 有墜子的肚臍飾品的 pendant 項(xiàng)鏈的墜子的 ring 戒指的

toe ring 腳趾也戴戒指的 tongue ring 舌環(huán)...的

tongue bar 裝在舌頭上的的 fine silver 999純銀的 sterling silver 925銀的 coin silver 800或900銀的 gemstone 寶石的 gold plated 鍍金的的

genuine diamond 真鉆石的

CZ diamond 水鉆,就是種水晶的 ruby 紅寶石的 sapphire 藍(lán)寶石的 emerald 綠寶石的

topaz 黃寶石,它也是有很多顏色的 moonstone 月光石,月亮石的 garnet 石榴石的 jade 翡翠的 crystal 水晶的 amethyst 紫水晶的 rose quartz 玫瑰石英的 opal 澳寶的

zircon 鋯石,風(fēng)信子石,據(jù)說跟水晶一樣硬而韌,比鉆石色散更高,較便宜的 oval 卵狀的 teardrop 淚狀的 leaf 葉狀的 wing 翅狀的 heart 心形的

bead 珠子,珠狀的 jewellery box 首飾盒