第一篇：兵馬俑博物館英文導(dǎo)游詞The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Good morning, ladies and gentlemen.I’m your local guide.Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.This museum is located at the foot of mountain LiShan, east of Xi’an.Let me give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor.His name was Yingzheng.He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22.When he was only 39 years old, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China.//秦始皇簡(jiǎn)介

Then, he standardized the coinage, weights and measures, and so on.He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall.All these had an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China.//功績(jī)簡(jiǎn)介

But, just like each coin has two sides, the First Qin Emperor became more and more arrogant and ambitious.He ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.It took 37 years with 700,000 works from all parts of the country to complete this project.And the site of terracotta warriors and horses, we are going to visit, is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.There are three pits of warriors and horses and two bronze chariots have been found.The first one was discovered in March 1974 when several farmers were sinking a well.Then another 2 pits and the bronze chariots were also uncovered.As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.//兵馬俑及銅車馬的出土

So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of them one by one.Now we are standing at the front of pit 1.The terracotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation.In the front of this formation, there are warriors in 3 lines facing forward.Armed with bows and arrows, they are the vanguard.There is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward, holding long-distance shooting weapons---they are the flanks to defend the whole army.There are 28 columns of warriors with horse-drawn chariots in the center.They represent the principal military force of this battle formation.According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantry men.With all of these, no wonder the Qin Emperor could annex all the six independent states and unify China!//一號(hào)坑軍陣特點(diǎn)

Ok, let’s move on.Here now we arrived at Pit 2.We can see that pit 2 is under cover, it is because we want to preserve them.You know, the warriors originally were painted in color, but today’s technology is not advanced enough to protect it very well after excavation.According to research, pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays.There are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers.They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response.//二號(hào)坑及軍陣特點(diǎn)

Look at those clay warriors carefully, we can find that their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands, all is different.And their hair style, shoes are also quite different by their role in the army.The indent on the sole(鞋底的紋路)was clear and meticulous.We may find they are all vivid and true to life.Here is pit 3.The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “shū”(殳)had been discovered.This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor.We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side.And in the center, there used to be a chariot, which seems to be ready to send orders.This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army.//3號(hào)坑

Now we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found.They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration, they were rebuilt and open to the public.The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”.Both of them were made in half life-size.Chariot NO.2 has a front room and a back room, and the windows and doors can close and open easily.The two bronze chariots and horses are decorated with many gold and silver ornaments.The umbrella-like canopy on the top is only four millimeter thick, and the window is one millimeter thick, with many ventilation holes.The horse tassels were made of bronze thread as thin as hair, whose diameter is only 0.1 millimeter.It is incredible that the Chinese people could make such exquisite and intricate items over 2000 years ago.Ok, everyone!So much for this today!We still have some free time.So next, you may look around and take some pictures.We’ll leave at 2 o’clock, so please do not be late.You know, I will miss you.And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, pleak ask me.By the way, watch your step please!So next, it’s your turn.Thank you for listening.

第二篇：兵馬俑英文導(dǎo)游詞

The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses

Ladies and gentlemen, good morning, Today, we are going to visit the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of Xi’an.First, I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor, Yingzheng.He came to the throne at the age of 13 and seized the power at the age of 22.By 221BC, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first centralized autocratic feudal empire in the long history of China.After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage, weights and measures, the legal codes, the written scripts and so on.He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall.All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China.But the First Qin Emperor was very ambitious.As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him.It took 37 years to complete this great project.Actually, the site of those terracotta warriors and horses we now see is just a small part of his mausoleum.Ok, everyone, now we are standing at the front gate of the Eighth Wonder of the world---the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.As one of the top ten places of historical interest in China, it was also listed as a world heritage site.So next, let’s go to uncover the veil of this miraculous work.In March 1974,when several farmers were sinking a well about 1.5km east of the First Qin Emperor’s Maosolem, they came upon many fragments of the terracotta figures.The results of archaeological excavation showed that is two more pits were discovered respectively.They were then named pit1，pit2, and pit3 by the order of discovery.The new discovery stirred up a sensation all over the world.In order to provide the historical artifacts with adequate protection, a musem was set up on the site of Pit 1 in 1975 upon the approval of the state council.Pit 1,covers an area of 16,300 square meters, is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel.The terra cotta armies in pit 1 were arranged in battle formation.In the front of this formation, there are 210warriors in 3 lines facing forward.Armed with bows and arrows, they constitute the so-called vanguard.Meanwhile, there is one row of warriors on each of the borders of this pit, facing outward---they are the flanks and the rear guard.Holding long-distance shooting weapons, they took up the job of defending the whole army.Then, this way please.We may find ten partition walls

which divided this pit into 11 corridors.The warriors standing inside them with horse-drawn chariots represent the principal military force of this battle formation.According to the density, there are over 6000 terracotta warriors and horses, and most of them are infantrymen.Ok, Here now we arrived at Pit 2.we can see that Pit 2 is still under cover, that’s because we want to preserve them.Pit 2 consists of 4 different mixed military forces in four arrays, they are infantrymen, cavalrymen, archers and charioteers.And pit 2 also include many chariots and horses.They can be divided to act independently, capable of attacking, and defending with a quick response.As you see, those worriors, their feet, legs, bodies, necks, hands and heads, all with different faces, were all made separately and joined together.we may find they are all vivid and true to life.And also as we can see, here are some actual weapons unearthed in those pits.The most attractive one is a bronze sword.Although it was buried over thousands of years, it is still very sharp.It can cat through 20 pieces of paper put together.Now we come to pit 3.Pit 3 covers an area of about 520 square meters.There are only 68 warriors and 4 clay horses.The warriors were arranged opposite to each other in two rows, and only one kind of weapon called “SHU” had been discovered.This kind of weapon has no blade, and is believed to be used by the guards of honor.We have found many animal bones in the north side, and it is supposed to be “Prayer Hall”, and “Commander’s office” is on the south side.This suggests pit 3 is the headquarters directing the whole underground army.Then we have arrived at the exhibition hall of Bronze Chariots and Horses.In 1980, two sets of large painted bronze chariots and horses were found.They broke into thousands of pieces when we found them and after 8 years’ careful restoration;they were rebuilt and open to the public.The first one was named “High Chariot” and the second one was called “Security Chariot”.They were the eariliest and most exquisitely and intricately made bronze valuables,and also the largest bronze wares discovered in the history of world archaeology.It provides extremlyvaluable material and data for the research of the metallurgical technique and technological modeling og the Qin Dynasty.So now we will finish our journey in the museum today, I believe that you must be very astonished at this world wonder.So it’s your time,you can work around and take some pictures.thank you for listening~

第三篇：秦始皇兵馬俑博物館導(dǎo)游詞

秦始皇兵馬俑博物館導(dǎo)游詞(陜西)

尊敬的女士們、先生們：

今天，我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處，從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車到那里大約需要50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10 月1日開館至今，已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館，更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò)：“世界上原有七大奇跡，秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔.不算真正到過(guò)埃及?不看秦俑，不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)?！泵绹?guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō);“這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看?！睆倪@些高度凝練的話語(yǔ)中，我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面，我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位，以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。

談秦兵馬俑，必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259 年，一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí)，其父死后.他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例.國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)“加冕禮”以后，才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí).秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官嫪?dú)?lao ai)手中。接著，贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針，開始統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年，在不到io年的時(shí)間里，泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó)，終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家，為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。贏政稱自己為始皇帝.因?yàn)樗Ｍ淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此.他整頓了官僚制度。第一.從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免;第二，廢除分封制，推行郡縣制。第三.秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。另外，他還征用勞役，廣修馳道，使各地交通便利，以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后.又加以擴(kuò)展，形成了西起甘肅臨挑，東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城，有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族對(duì)案朝的騷擾。中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上，案始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí)，就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米.周長(zhǎng)2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞，現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高，g長(zhǎng)400多米之大.案始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi)，其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū)，陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚池，陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng).陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場(chǎng)。據(jù)史書記載，秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s2000萬(wàn)，壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn)，而筑陵時(shí)，壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn)，可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。

案始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿，真可謂是一座地下“福地天堂”。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖，是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的，下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外，還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜案始皇的大廳。為防止盜威，每座墓門上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌，固若金湯的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下.供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕但不曾生育的宮女，以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò).下令在他人殆時(shí)，將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋，為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人，不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。

現(xiàn)在，我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑，坑里就是號(hào)稱“世界第八大奇跡”的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣，你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題：這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的?為什么他們的相貌各異?為什么要制作這些俑?1、2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好，現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講.早在明朝，就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天，住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井，井水清澈，甚是喜人，可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子，下去查看。不一會(huì)兒.井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲，上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō)，他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物.伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕，想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門。經(jīng)過(guò)考古專家們的勘探、鑒定.秦捅館內(nèi)的1、2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為案始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年，經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力，在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開放。現(xiàn)在，在2號(hào)坑的遺址上，一座大理石建筑又落成了，它于1994年11月開始接待游客。從此，3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里，不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí)，考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。

經(jīng)測(cè)量，1號(hào)坑?xùn)|西長(zhǎng)330米，南北寬62米，面積4260平方米。侗坑的最東端是3gf面向東的武士，每排7個(gè)，共210個(gè)捅。他們是部隊(duì)的前鋒。前鋒部隊(duì)的后面為部隊(duì)的主體，他們被誹成38路縱隊(duì)，站在11個(gè)坑道里。每個(gè)坑道都是青磚鋪地，坑道內(nèi)例的兩邊，每隔2米就有1根立柱。這些立柱支撐著木質(zhì)屋頂，屋頂上是織成 “人”字形的紋席.席上是土。整個(gè)坑道距地表5米深。另外，在坑道的南、北、西三面?zhèn)溆幸涣忻嫦蛲獾奈涫?他們分別是部隊(duì)的右翼、左翼和后衛(wèi)?，F(xiàn)在，1號(hào)坑已 出土1000多件陶桶。根據(jù)推剿.全部發(fā)掘完后.僅1號(hào)坑就將出土6000多個(gè)兵馬桶。

這里是1994年11月開放的2號(hào)坑。它是由車兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵侗1000多件，車馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號(hào)坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣，6334個(gè)彎兵桶組成。2號(hào)坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車組成納方陣，每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車，共8誹;中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車和隨車徒手兵涌;北部是戰(zhàn)車和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。現(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)到了3號(hào)坑，它位于2號(hào)坑西邊25米處。

這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形，占地520平方米。在3號(hào)坑里，考古專家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車和 64件武士捅。它們兩兩相對(duì)站立，手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh6)。大多數(shù)考古專家認(rèn)為，從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器，以及該坑與秦陵的位置來(lái)判斷，3號(hào)坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。

據(jù)估計(jì)，等1、2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開損后，將出土8000多件陶佰。這些佰相貌各異：有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅，有的英勇果敢，有的慈善含笑。可謂楊楊如生，神情各異。因?yàn)?，它們?nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇徹林軍中的將士們制作的，因此，在8000“地下御林軍”中，彌絕對(duì)找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的捅。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣廢不凡，最重的有300多公斤，員輕的也有100多公斤，身高從1.7米到1.9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧，不難分辨出兵桶中履些是陜酉人，娜些是四川人，哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長(zhǎng)相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見(jiàn)過(guò)日本人的“仁丹須”.其實(shí)，案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌，可見(jiàn)，這并不是日本人的發(fā)明，早在2000多年前，中國(guó)就有人留這種胡須了。那些穿窄袖戰(zhàn)袍外套，披掛齊腰短甲，腳登緊帶獸皮鞋，頭戴防風(fēng)婦的，顯然是機(jī)警的騎兵。那個(gè)左腳著地，s膝弓起，右腿脆地，有腳底向后翹起的為跪射佰。他雙目乎視前方，神情專注。這個(gè)涌鞋底的針角，兩頭細(xì)致續(xù)密.中間疏稀.完全符合歷支真實(shí)。在五六十年代的陜西農(nóng)村，很多農(nóng)民仍喜歡穿這種掛、只是鞋尖不向上朗翹而已。幾乎每個(gè)捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名，這符合“物勒工名，以考其誠(chéng)”的制度。我們今天實(shí)行的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理制度，秦人2000年前就已采用了。涌坑中約馬屑典型的河西走廊馬。它身高l 5米，長(zhǎng)2米，分為頭、頸、軀干和腿四部分。腿為實(shí)心，軀干中空，分段燒制，再組合在一起。馬的兩耳宜立，體型健 壯優(yōu)美。由此可看出，秦人不愧為養(yǎng)馬世族。大家也許要問(wèn)秦始皇為什么要為他制作數(shù)量如此之多的兵馬桶呢?它們是怎樣燒制成的呢?原來(lái)，秦始皇曾想用4000 童男童女為其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承辦此事。李斯心中懼怕.未敢馬上執(zhí)行此令。因?yàn)椋?造秦腔.建筑長(zhǎng)城已惹得民怨沸騰，再讓如此眾多的童男室女殉葬，豈不是火上澆油嗎?他將來(lái)恐怕也死無(wú)葬身之地。于是，李斯向美始皇建議;制作與其人真馬一樣大小的兵馬桶，守護(hù)其亡靈，以壯聲威。聞聽(tīng)此官，秦始皇大喜，他重新降旨，讓李斯征集全國(guó)的能工巧匠.以他的8060御林軍為原型.q作陶佰。這些桶必須手握實(shí)戰(zhàn)兵器按實(shí)戰(zhàn)隊(duì)形排列，秦始皇再三囑咐李斯，此事萬(wàn)不能叫御林軍知道。因?yàn)榍爻耖g流傳一個(gè)說(shuō)法，如果一個(gè)人被別人復(fù)制成柄.其魂也就被勾走了.這可是大忌。案始皇當(dāng)然不愿惹怒他喜愛(ài)的曰林軍了。工匠們紛紛去找詢林軍中自己的親戚、朋友、老鄉(xiāng)、熟人，仔細(xì)觀察其容貌特征，并默記于心?；厝ズ?，工匠們用模壓、塑捏、刻畫、貼條等手法制成陶佰，然后放在窯里燒?？墒?，放進(jìn)去的陶佰全都被燒炸了，工匠們百思不解其中原因。后來(lái)，一個(gè)工匠為發(fā)泄對(duì)監(jiān)工的仇恨，把制好的監(jiān)工陶涌的頭去掉，將其四肢“削”去，用手“掏凈”其內(nèi)臟，放到窯里分段燒。這一次竟沒(méi)炸窯。他把頭和四肢裝在佰身上，一個(gè)活生生的監(jiān)工出現(xiàn)了。，由此，工匠們開始了大規(guī)模的制捅工程。8000御林軍捅就這樣被造了出來(lái)。

當(dāng)然，案兵馬桶是借龐大的軍隊(duì)，來(lái)顯示秦始皇滅六國(guó)、建立統(tǒng)一帝目的雄心壯志酌。這些兵涌手執(zhí)短兵器、長(zhǎng)兵器和遠(yuǎn)射兵器，如劍、銥、吳鉤、矛t戈、曼、裁、鉸、弓、彎等。這些兵器主要是用銅和錫做成的，經(jīng)分析里邊還含有其它13種稀有金屬。為防止兵器生銹，案人在兵器表面徐有一層鉻鹽氧化物，這種鍍鉻技術(shù)在本世紀(jì)20年代才由檀國(guó)人發(fā)明出來(lái)，而我國(guó)在2000多年前就開始在兵器上鍍鉻，這實(shí)在令人嘆跟?，F(xiàn)已出土的彎?rùn)C(jī)，分小、中、大三種類型。前兩種舀機(jī)，案兵用手拉弓弦就可以，而大型彎?rùn)C(jī)，榮兵必須借助杠桿.才能將弓弦拉到扳機(jī)上。大型露機(jī)的射程為600多米，可比得上一支老式步槍了。

這是1980年在案陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車馬。一號(hào)車馬為駟馬高車，二號(hào)車馬為騾馬安車。韌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，這兩乘車馬破損嚴(yán)重，尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車，已破碎成1500多片.經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后，現(xiàn)在，它們看上去完好如韌。兩乘車的車、馬、人都是仿照真車、真馬、真人，按比例縮小二分之一制成的，僅安車上金銀飾物就有1720件，重達(dá)7公斤。鋼車馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受，更為重要的是.它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。雖然.英雄一世，創(chuàng)立無(wú)數(shù)偉績(jī)的秦始皇——贏政早已去世2000多年了，但是，他的偉績(jī)，以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬桶留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說(shuō)，我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想，敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國(guó)家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的鋁賂和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國(guó)、統(tǒng)一中國(guó)的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。一個(gè)民族.一個(gè)國(guó)家想要富強(qiáng)，沒(méi)有這種氣魄是不行的

第四篇：秦始皇兵馬俑博物館導(dǎo)游詞

尊敬的女士們、先生們：

今天，我們將參觀秦兵馬俑博物館。秦兵馬俑博物館位于酉安市東35公里處，從喜來(lái)登酒店坐車到那里大約需要 50分鐘時(shí)間。自秦兵馬俑博物館于1979年10月1日開館至今，已有為效眾多國(guó)家的黨政首腦都參觀過(guò)這個(gè)博物館，更有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的中外游客不遠(yuǎn)干里來(lái)參觀這個(gè)人類奇跡。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克曾留言說(shuō)過(guò)：世界上原有七大奇跡，秦兵馬俑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說(shuō)是第八大奇跡了。不看金字塔．不算真正到過(guò)埃及‘不看秦俑，不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)蒙代爾也說(shuō)；這是真正的奇跡。全世界人民都應(yīng)該到這里看一看。從這些高度凝練的話語(yǔ)中，我們不難看出秦俑的歷史價(jià)值及藝術(shù)價(jià)值。下面，我想把秦始皇這位成就一代偉業(yè)的歷史巨人介紹給諸位，以便使大家能對(duì)秦始皇兵馬俑和與之相關(guān)的歷史有一個(gè)較詳盡的了解。

談秦兵馬俑，必須先介紹一下面贏政。公元前259年，一代偉人贏政誕生了。13歲時(shí)，其父死后．他繼承了王位。按照泰國(guó)慣例．國(guó)王在22歲舉行過(guò)加冕禮以后，才可以親自執(zhí)政。當(dāng)時(shí)．秦國(guó)的大權(quán)仍攀握在太后、相國(guó)呂不韋、宦官謬癟(160 6i)手中。特別是螺貞．手握大權(quán)，炙手可熱，他見(jiàn)宛改逐漸長(zhǎng)大，便陰謀叛亂．奪取政權(quán)。公元前238年，22歲的贏政去故都雍城納新年宮舉行加冕禮。謬酉在從霸年宮回咸陽(yáng)的路上埋下伏兵，準(zhǔn)備將贏政殺死。當(dāng)贏政察覺(jué)此事后，憑優(yōu)勢(shì)兵力訂敗鑼盔，將其生擒并車裂致死。贏政親致以后．以呂不韋放縱嫁亮為名，放逐日不韋。呂不韋后來(lái)飲毒灑自斃。這樣，贏政順利地消滅了政權(quán)內(nèi)部的兩大敵對(duì)勢(shì)力，鞏固了自身的地位。

為了進(jìn)一步鞏固君主權(quán)力，贏政選用了一批精明強(qiáng)干酌文臣武將，如掌握軍事的尉繚，攀管國(guó)歐的李斯。接著，贏政制定了遠(yuǎn)交近攻、離間外敵、各個(gè)擊破的戰(zhàn)賂方針，開始統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，結(jié)束了春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)達(dá)500多年各諸侯國(guó)割據(jù)稱雄的混亂局面。從公元前230年到公元前221年，在不到io年的時(shí)間里，泰國(guó)滅亡了6國(guó)，終于完成了統(tǒng)一大業(yè)，建立了第一個(gè)中央集權(quán)的封建國(guó)家，為封建社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、思想文化的迅速發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。這又一次顯示了贏政的維才大賂。

贏政稱自己為始皇帝．因?yàn)樗Ｍ淖訉O后代能把他所創(chuàng)立的政權(quán)干代萬(wàn)代傳下去。為此．他整頓了官僚制度。第一．從中央到地方的官吏全由他親自任免；第二，廢除分封制，推行郡縣制。第三．秦始皇還統(tǒng)一了法律、文字、貨幣、度量衡等。這些措施極大地推動(dòng)了封建社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的發(fā)展。另外，他還征用勞役，廣修馳道，使各地交通便利，以利經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的交流。他將戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期秦、趙、燕三國(guó)修筑的長(zhǎng)城連在一起后．又加以擴(kuò)展，形成了西起甘肅臨挑，東到遼東因石的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城，有效地遏制tjb方游牧部族對(duì)案朝的騷擾。

中國(guó)皇帝大都為自己營(yíng)造巨大而豪華的陵墓。在這一點(diǎn)上，案始皇也不例外。在他13歲剛即位時(shí)，就下令為其修建陵墓。這座原高120米．周長(zhǎng)2000多米的巨大陵丘、雖經(jīng)風(fēng)雨侵蝕和人為破壞，現(xiàn)在仍有76米之高，g長(zhǎng)400多米之大．案始皇把都城威陽(yáng)微縮于自己的陵園內(nèi)，其布局幾乎完全相同。陵園內(nèi)城西北部為獻(xiàn)殿建筑區(qū)，陵?yáng)|北部洼地是用以祭記的養(yǎng)魚池，陵園外城西北角是石料加工場(chǎng)．陵西外城之外是一個(gè)大墳場(chǎng)。據(jù)史書記載，秦朝全國(guó)總?cè)丝诩s2000萬(wàn)，壯丁不過(guò)700萬(wàn)，而筑陵時(shí)，壯丁最多達(dá)70萬(wàn)，可見(jiàn)工程之浩大。

案始皇的陵寢如同一座龐大的地下宮殿，真可謂是一座地下福地天堂。墓室屋頂有天文星宿圖，t是由各種均餡生輝的珠寶構(gòu)成的，下邊有五岳、九州以及由機(jī)械驅(qū)動(dòng)水銀構(gòu)成的江河湖海。另外，還沒(méi)有讓百官朝拜案始皇的大廳。為防止盜威，每座墓門上都安有自動(dòng)發(fā)射的弓箭。整個(gè)陵墓可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)金碧輝煌，固若金湯的地下王官。案始皇把生前所享受的一切也搬到了地下．供他在另一個(gè)世界繼續(xù)享用。他連那些為他伴駕b不曾生育的宮女，以及辛勤修建地下陵寢的工匠們都不放過(guò)．下令在他人殆時(shí)，將這些人統(tǒng)統(tǒng)活埋，為的是不讓宮女外嫁他人，不讓陵寢內(nèi)的秘密泄露。

現(xiàn)在，我們面對(duì)的是秦俑館一號(hào)坑，坑里就是號(hào)稱世界第八大奇跡的秦兵馬俑。面對(duì)威武整肅的龐大軍陣，你們的腦子里一定會(huì)閃現(xiàn)如下問(wèn)題：這些秦傭是怎么發(fā)現(xiàn)的？為什么他們的相貌各異？為什么要制作這些俑？1、2、3號(hào)坑里共有多少俑等等。好，現(xiàn)在我就一一回答大家的這些問(wèn)題。

這些俑是1974年3月西楊村農(nóng)民們?cè)诖蚓倪^(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。據(jù)村里的老人講．早在明朝，就有人在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)了秦俑。有一天，住在村里的難民在村外空地上訂了一口井，井水清澈，甚是喜人，可是第二天他們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)井底的水不見(jiàn)了。他們中膽大的腰系繩子，下去查看。不一會(huì)兒．井里傳來(lái)驚叫聲，上面的人暖緊把井里的人拉上來(lái)。這人說(shuō)，他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)站立著的、身穿盔甲的怪物．伸手要抓他。聽(tīng)者都非常害怕，想趕快用土回填那口井。但他們最終決定報(bào)告文物部門。

經(jīng)過(guò)考古專家們的勘探、鑒定．秦捅館內(nèi)的t、2、3號(hào)坑被確認(rèn)為案始皇棱的陪葬坑。從1974年到1979年，經(jīng)過(guò)5年的艱苦努力，在1號(hào)坑遺址上矗立起一座氣勢(shì)宏偉、結(jié)構(gòu)科學(xué)的建筑物。這就是1979年10月對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外游客開放的素兵馬俑1號(hào)坑。3 號(hào)坑在1989年9月27日——世界旅游日對(duì)外開放?，F(xiàn)在，在2號(hào)坑的遺址上，一座大理石建筑又落成了，它于1994年11月開始接待游客。從此，3個(gè)俑坑全都被保護(hù)在建筑物里，不再經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬雨淋。在供游人觀看、懷古的同時(shí)，考古工作者們還在這里繼續(xù)發(fā)掘整理兵馬俑。

經(jīng)測(cè)量，1 號(hào)坑?xùn)|西長(zhǎng)330米，南北寬62米，面積4260平方米。侗坑的最東端是3gf面向東的武士，每排7個(gè)，共210個(gè)捅。他們是部隊(duì)的前鋒。前鋒部隊(duì)的后面為部隊(duì)的主體，他們被誹成38路縱隊(duì)，站在11個(gè)坑道里。每個(gè)坑道都是青磚鋪地，坑道內(nèi)例的兩邊，每隔2米就有1根立柱。這些立柱支撐著木質(zhì)屋頂，屋頂上是織成人字形的紋席．席上是土。整個(gè)坑道距地表5米深。另外，在坑道的南、北、西三面?zhèn)溆幸涣忻嫦蛲獾奈涫浚麄兎謩e是部隊(duì)的右翼、左翼和后衛(wèi)?，F(xiàn)在，1號(hào)坑已出土1000多件陶桶。根據(jù)推剿．全部發(fā)掘完后．僅1號(hào)坑就將出土6000多個(gè)兵馬桶。

這里是1994年11月開放的2號(hào)坑。它是由車兵、騎兵和步兵構(gòu)成的曲尺形方陣。估計(jì)可出土兵侗1000多件，車馬和鞍馬500多匹。2號(hào)坑占地6000平方米。它東面突出部分為一個(gè)小方陣，6334個(gè)彎兵桶組成。2號(hào)坑南部為64乘戰(zhàn)車組成納方陣，每排有8輛戰(zhàn)車，共8誹；中部為19輛戰(zhàn)車和隨車徒手兵涌；北部是戰(zhàn)車和騎兵。北部是由戰(zhàn)車6乘、鞍馬和騎兵各124件組成的騎兵陣。

現(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)到了3號(hào)坑，它位于2號(hào)坑西邊25米處。這個(gè)坑是1976年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。它里凹字形，占地520平方米。在3號(hào)坑里，考古專家們只發(fā)現(xiàn)1輛戰(zhàn)車和64件武士捅。它們兩兩相對(duì)站立，手捏儀衛(wèi)兵器曼(sh6)。大多數(shù)考古專家認(rèn)為，從這個(gè)坑里武士的排列方式和手中所握的兵器，以及該坑與秦陵的位置來(lái)判斷，3號(hào)坑是整個(gè)軍陣的指揮部。據(jù)估計(jì)，等1、2、3導(dǎo)坑全部開損后，將出土8000多件陶佰。這些佰相貌各異：有的沉穩(wěn)剛毅，有的英勇果敢，有的慈善含笑?？芍^楊楊如生，神情各異。因?yàn)?，它們?nèi)歉鶕?jù)秦始皇徹林軍中的將士們制作的，因此，在8000地下御林軍中，彌絕對(duì)找不到兩個(gè)相貌、形體相同的捅。他們一個(gè)個(gè)氣廢不凡，最重的有300多公斤，員輕的也有100多公斤，身高從1．7米到1．9米不等。如果大家仔細(xì)觀瞧，不難分辨出兵桶中履些是陜酉人，娜些是四川人，哪些是甘肅東部人。這從他們的胡須梳理方式和長(zhǎng)相即可看出。我們很多人在電影中都見(jiàn)過(guò)日本人的仁丹須．其實(shí)，案便中就有蓄仁丹胡酌，可見(jiàn)，這并不是日本人的發(fā)明，早在2000多年前，中國(guó)就有人留這種胡須了。

那些穿窄袖戰(zhàn)袍外套，披掛齊腰短甲，腳登緊帶獸皮鞋，頭戴防風(fēng)婦的，顯然是機(jī)警的騎兵。那個(gè)左腳著地，s膝弓起，右腿脆地，有腳底向后翹起的為跪射佰。

他雙目乎視前方，神情專注。這個(gè)涌鞋底的針角，兩頭細(xì)致續(xù)密．中間疏?。耆蠚v支真實(shí)。在五六十年代的陜西農(nóng)村，很多農(nóng)民仍喜歡穿這種掛、只是鞋尖不向上朗翹而已。幾乎每個(gè)捅的衣襟上都刻有工匠的姓名，這符合物勒工名，以考其誠(chéng)的制度。我們今天實(shí)行的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理制度，秦人2000年前就已采用了。

涌坑中約馬屑典型的河西走廊馬。它身高l 5米，長(zhǎng)2米，分為頭、頸、軀干和腿四部分。腿為實(shí)心，軀干中空，分段燒制，再組合在一起。馬的兩耳宜立，體型健壯優(yōu)美。由此可看出，秦人不愧為養(yǎng)馬世族。大家也許要問(wèn)秦始皇為什么要為他制作數(shù)量如此之多的兵馬桶呢?它們是怎樣燒制成的呢?原來(lái)，秦始皇曾想用4000童男童女為其殉葬。他降旨令李斯承辦此事。李斯心中懼怕．未敢馬上執(zhí)行此令。因?yàn)椋?造秦腔．建筑長(zhǎng)城已惹得民怨沸騰，再讓如此眾多的童男室女殉葬，豈不是火上澆油嗎?他將來(lái)恐怕也死無(wú)葬身之地。于是，李斯向美始皇建議；制作與其人真馬一樣大小的兵馬桶，守護(hù)其亡靈，以壯聲威。聞聽(tīng)此官，秦始皇大喜，他重新降旨，讓李斯征集全國(guó)的能工巧匠．以他的8060御林軍為原型．q作陶佰。這些桶必須手握實(shí)戰(zhàn)兵器按實(shí)戰(zhàn)隊(duì)形排列，秦始皇再三囑咐李斯，此事萬(wàn)不能叫御林軍知道。因?yàn)榍爻耖g流傳一個(gè)說(shuō)法，如果一個(gè)人被別人復(fù)制成柄．其魂也就被勾走了．這可是大忌。案始皇當(dāng)然不愿惹怒他喜愛(ài)的曰林軍了。工匠們紛紛去找詢林軍中自己的親戚、朋友、老鄉(xiāng)、熟人，仔細(xì)觀察其容貌特征，并默記于心?；厝ズ?，工匠們用模壓、塑捏、刻畫、貼條等手法制成陶佰，然后放在窯里燒?？墒?，放進(jìn)去的陶佰全都被燒炸了，工匠們百思不解其中原因。后來(lái)，一個(gè)工匠為發(fā)泄對(duì)監(jiān)工的仇恨，把制好的監(jiān)工陶涌的頭去掉，將其四肢削去，用手掏凈其內(nèi)臟，放到窯里分段燒。這一次竟沒(méi)炸窯。他把頭和四肢裝在佰身上，一個(gè)活生生的監(jiān)工出現(xiàn)了。，由此，工匠們開始了大規(guī)模的制捅工程。8000御林軍捅就這樣被造了出來(lái)。

當(dāng)然，案兵馬桶是借龐大的軍隊(duì)，來(lái)顯示秦始皇滅六國(guó)、建立統(tǒng)一帝目的雄心壯志酌。這些兵涌手執(zhí)短兵器、長(zhǎng)兵器和遠(yuǎn)射兵器，如劍、銥、吳鉤、矛t戈、曼、裁、鉸、弓、彎等。這些兵器主要是用銅和錫做成的，經(jīng)分析里邊還含有其它13種稀有金屬。為防止兵器生銹，案人在兵器表面徐有一層鉻鹽氧化物，這種鍍鉻技術(shù)在本世紀(jì)20年代才由檀國(guó)人發(fā)明出來(lái)，而我國(guó)在2000多年前就開始在兵器上鍍鉻，這實(shí)在令人嘆跟。現(xiàn)已出土的彎?rùn)C(jī)，分小、中、大三種類型。前兩種舀機(jī)，案兵用手拉弓弦就可以，而大型彎?rùn)C(jī)，榮兵必須借助杠桿．才能將弓弦拉到扳機(jī)上。大型露機(jī)的射程為600多米，可比得上一支老式步槍了。

這是1980年在案陵西邊18米處發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩乘青銅車馬。一號(hào)車馬為駟馬高車，二號(hào)車馬為騾馬安車。韌發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，這兩乘車馬破損嚴(yán)重，尤其是供秦始皇靈魂乘坐的安車，已破碎成1500多片．經(jīng)考古工作者修復(fù)后，現(xiàn)在，它們看上去完好如韌。兩乘車的車、馬、人都是仿照真車、真馬、真人，按比例縮小二分之一制成的，僅安車上金銀飾物就有1720件，重達(dá)7公斤。鋼車馬給人的不僅是藝術(shù)享受，更為重要的是．它們具有重要的歷史價(jià)值和科學(xué)價(jià)值。銅車馬是我們了解、研究秦朝車制、冶金鑄造技術(shù)、工藝水平等不可多得的實(shí)物資科。雖然．英雄一世，創(chuàng)立無(wú)數(shù)偉績(jī)的秦始皇——贏政早已去世2000多年了，但是，他的偉績(jī)，以及現(xiàn)存的兵馬桶留給人們的思考是什么呢?或者說(shuō)，我們能從上述事物中吸取些什么呢?我想，敢創(chuàng)歷史先河、為國(guó)家統(tǒng)一不懼死亡的鋁賂和勇氣是我們應(yīng)該吸取和仿效的。一代偉人贏政橫掃六國(guó)、統(tǒng)一中國(guó)的非凡氣度和魄力仍不失為我們今天克服前進(jìn)路上的障礙的巨大動(dòng)力。

第五篇：湖北省博物館英文導(dǎo)游詞

Goodmorningladiesandgentlemen;

Today,wewillgotovisitHubeiprovincialMuseum.Onthewaytothemuseum,I‘dliketoshowapresenttoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyou.Youmaywonderwhatthepresentis.Wellletmeintroduceittoyou.Themusicyouaregoingtolistentoistheverygift.Now,pleaseenjoythemusic.Haveyoueverlistenedtothemusic?Andwhatmusicalinstrumentisusedtoplaythebeautifulmelody?

That’stheserialbells,awonderintheworld.Indeedawonderintheworld.Everyyeartouristsfromallovertheworldcontinuouslycometovisitthemandappreciatetheprogramsplayedbyit.Eachyeartheyreturnwithunforgetablememory.Thebuildingwithredwallandgreentiersbeforeusistheverymuseum,HubeiprovincialMuseum.Constructedin1953,themuseumisthecenterforcollecting,studying,preservinganddisplayinghistoricalandculturalrelicsinHubei.Morethan700,000ancientrelicsarestoredupinit.Thereisacollectionof100,000booksonhistory,archaeology,artetc.Theserelicsprovidepreciousmaterialdataforstudyingthedevelopmentofhistory,culture,art,scienceandtechnologyinancientChina.SituatedinthemiddlereachoftheYangtzeRiver,Hubeihasalonghistoryandrichland.Asearlyas2,000,000yearsago,ourancestorslivedandworkedhereandgraduallytheybegantocreatetheirowncivilization.TherelicsunearthedfromZenghouyiTombaregoodproofstothecivilization.Therelicsdisplayedinthemuseumaremostfromthetomb.Serialbellsarethemostpreciousandgreatestofthemall.Areyoufamiliarwiththehistoryoftheserialbells?

Itissaidthatitistheoldestmusicalinstrumentkeptintheworld.Yousee,ourancestorsalreadyknewhowtousemusictoenrichtheirlivessolongago.Luckilyindeed,ourarchaeologistsdiscovereditbyaccidentandthusdisplayedthemarvelousancientcivilizationofChuStateinfrontus.In1978,asoldierdiscoveredalargetombwhenbuildinghishouse.Itwasreallyagreatsurprisetodiscoveritatthattime.Afterwards,archaeologistsexcavatedtheseserialbellsonthesamespot.ThiswasappraisedtobethetombofZenghouyi.Itwas220squaremeters,20metrosdeep,consistingof4tombs.Themaincoffinwasmadeupofhugeinternalandexternalcoffins.Themaninitdiedattheageof45.Thoseburiedalivewiththedeadwereallfemale,agedfrom13to25.Theywerein21coffins.Besidestheserialbells,morethan7,000otherhistoricalculturalrelicshavebeenunearthed,suchasbronzeware,ancientmusicalinstrument,weapons,goldenware,jadeware,paintedware,woodenware,andbambooware.Mostofthemareuniquearttreasureandtheyweredeliberatelymade.Whatisespeciallyworthmentioningistheancientmusicalinstrument,suchasserialbells,stonechimes,drums,25-stringedpluckedzither,andbambooflute.Theyaretotally8types,including124pieces.Theentiremusicalinstrumentisplacedperfectlyamongthebronzeserialbells.Theymakethetomblooklikeanancientconcerthall.Todaytheundergroundconcerthallhascomebacktolife.Asamajorinstrument,64serialbellsareputinthemiddleroom,linedalongthenorthandwestwall.ItcanbeconcludedthatserialbellsareZenhouyi’sfavorite,forhisbodywasplacedinthewestroom.Asweesee,thesebigbellsareshapedlikeround-bottomedbaskets;smallonesarelikewarmingpots.Theyarehungin3layersfromthewindingbellshelfthatis13meterslong,2.7metershigh.Thewholebellshelfissupportedby6human-shapeobjects.Itisasstrongasnewlycast.Ok,letmegiveyouabriefintroductionabouttheelegantancientserialbells.Allthebellshavebeenplayed.Theyareallcarvedwithinscriptionaboutmusicalmelody.Eachbellcanproduce2pitches.Aftermanyyearsofresearch,wefindthatitsamplitudeapproachedtheinternationalleveloftoday.Thecombinedscaleisthe7notesinCmajoroftoday.Itscompassesveryside,including5andahalfoctaves.Thewholesoundmaybeadjusted.Itswoodenshelfisquiteexquisite.Althoughburiedfor2,400years,theserialbellsarewellplayed.Itnotonlycanbeusedtoplaywithtoproducescoreswiththesamemelody,butalsocanproducemixedsoundsthoughharmonyandrepeattunes.Chinesemusicalpieces,suchasIntoningThreeTimesBeforeLeavingYangpass,TheMoonOnTheSpringRiver,andforeignpieces,suchasChristmasEve,canbeplayedonit,evenBeethoven’sOdetoJoyintheNinthSymphonycanbe.ForeigntouristsareusuallyattractedbythefascinatingmusicwhenlisteningtotheChinesesongTheNightOnTheprairie.Whenforeignsongscutin,theyareshockedbytheoldcivilizationofChuState.Asthefamousviolinist,Menuinpraisedit,‘ThegrandGreekmusicisacceptedbytheworld.However,themusicalinstrumentsinancientGreeceweremadeofwood,what’smore,notasingleinstrumentiskepttilltoday.Hereweareabletoenjoythesoundoftheinstrumentof2,000years'historyfromthetombofChuState.