第一篇:同義詞和寫作常見詞匯
第一類:
巨大: big-colossal/ enormous(size, number, degree)/ immense(size, degree)/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious(bulk, quantity, degree)/ titanic/ tremendous(large)
小的: small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule
快的(副詞):fastly—by leaps and bounds(with extraordinary rapidity)
加強(qiáng): strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify(可以用在argument)強(qiáng)的: strong-brawny(人)/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable(不可征服)/ invincible(不可征服)/ potent/ robust(人,大范圍情況下無失敗的能力)/ virile/ stalwart(人,精神,思想)/ stout/ sturdy 強(qiáng)人: baron(巨頭)magnate/ mogul—顯赫之人
削弱: weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate也可用于精神道德上削弱/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane 弱的: weak—feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous
重要的: important –consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal極其重要/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental
重要: importance—core/ hub/ essence-本質(zhì)精髓/ gist-main point/magnitude(類似的)
居首位的: leading—foremost/ paramount-至高無上/ overriding /predominant主導(dǎo)地位的,顯著的/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme 不重要的: unimportant—marginal/ peripheral/ negligible-微不足道/ trifling/trivial-也作瑣碎的
超過: surpass—eclipse-to reduce in importance or repute /exceed/override/overwhelm-強(qiáng)勢壓倒也可用于精神上overwhelming-adj./prevail/transcend/ be superior to/ outwit / outweigh / be inferior to(劣于)= be subordinate to
強(qiáng)權(quán): ascendancy/hegemony-也做霸權(quán)/supremacy
二
初始: beginning—debut/premiere/ prime也做adj.首要的最好的/ genesis-noun.起源/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out(比to begin with好得多拉)(或者說什么的到來:advent of something)初始的: beginning--primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic-萌芽期的/(古老的意義解時(shí)archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete)
開始: begin/start—commence-vi&vt/ initiate-vi/ embark/ inaugurate 開始:begin/start=undertake / embark upon著手開始做
增長: grow—multiply成倍增長/mushroom-vi/proliferate/ sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增長)使其增長: increase--amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement增補(bǔ)
加重,升級 aggravate(惡化)vt / escalate-vt&vi/ exacerbate-vt加重惡化/ deteriorate/ impair-vt.損害削弱
減少,減弱: decrease—abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/(number)pare/ prune刪除多余的東西/ slash/ trim/ whittle削減利潤收入等金錢方面、權(quán)利、差別、數(shù)目/
減輕decrease---allay/ assuage-減輕使痛苦的東西如憤怒、內(nèi)疚等/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/ 變?nèi)鮠ecrease—dwindle/ ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair 上升: ascend—lift / surge/ rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom 達(dá)到頂峰 culminate 也表示以…告終 culminate in;
頂點(diǎn): peak—acme/apex/ pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)/ zenith(nadir最低點(diǎn) or abyss深淵)(zenith&nadir特別適合用在比喻 強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的區(qū)別大~兩個(gè)詞的來源大家可以查查~兩個(gè)對比強(qiáng)烈哦)It felt as if we had traveled from nadir to zenith.下降: descend/ plummet垂直急速下降/plunge/ slump/ tumble(fluctuate波動)
三
gather聚攏:accumulate/ amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(為反對或支持而召集)group群組:battalion/ bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng combination集合:assortment/ medley/ mosaic(馬賽克)/ motley(五花八門:形容詞也可以)a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 許多 – abundant/ ample(充足)/ copious(大量的)/ fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不計(jì)其數(shù))/ myriad 很多/ a multitude of/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 無數(shù)的人們/ limitless無限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup <法> adj.非常多的
(很多同學(xué)都喜歡用~a lot of~a great number of~這里注意:numerous這里表達(dá)的不是無數(shù)很多那樣~之表示一般的多~這一點(diǎn)從G貓老外改得一篇文章可以看到)large quantity: 大量:avalanche/a spate of(比喻意大量的某物)/ exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/ multitude大量 / plethora 比喻意:大量/ profusion 豐富,繁多 擁有大量:boast/ abound / a deluge of(被大量的某物所淹沒)/ teem-vi: teem in到處
散開:spread-dispel(驅(qū)散)/ disperse-vi&vt/ disseminate
稀少的:scarce/ meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth 節(jié)儉的:frugal/ thrifty/ miserly吝嗇的/
富裕的:rich-affluent,affluent society 富足社會/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous奢侈的豪華的/ palatial 浪費(fèi)的:improvident無遠(yuǎn)見的/ prodigal son(浪蕩子)=improvident/ profligate 貧困的:poor= destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent(形容人)四
困難的:difficult= arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable-~ gulf無法逾越的鴻溝/ onerous繁重的(issue中大量存在“困難”的表達(dá))
困境:(陷入困難的處境就是困難)difficult situations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止,僵局/ labyrinth迷宮-a ~ of relationship 錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系(很好的比喻的說法~可以說什么問題把我們陷入了一個(gè)迷宮~僵局等~)陷入:reduce/ get bogged down/ plunge into 復(fù)雜的:complicated/ intricate/ complex/(這里介紹一個(gè)很好的押韻的方法:complex and perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表達(dá)困難的地方可以顯示出詞匯的完善更能有一種押運(yùn)修辭的效果~讀起來瑯瑯上口)復(fù)雜的事情:imbroglio/ mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宮= maze 卷入復(fù)雜的境地:involve= embroil/ ensnare誘入陷阱/ entangle
從復(fù)雜境地脫身:escape= extricate
難以理解:abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少數(shù)人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 簡短卻令人迷惑/ enigmatic 謎一般的 enigma 形容詞形式/ inexplicable無法解釋/ inscrutable無法捉摸=unfathomable/ mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial
(這里的詞很多都表示 難以理解~ 很多題目學(xué)習(xí)類~教育類~社會類~歷史類~藝術(shù)類~只要表示某某問題把我們難倒了都可以用)迷mystery-puzzle= enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宮labyrinth/ maze 令人迷惑:puzzle = baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex
令人沮喪:depressed= with depression/ frustrating/ daunting令人畏懼的/ dismal/ 使可以理解:clarify= elucidate/ enlighten啟迪教化/ explicate闡明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮說清楚
可以理解的:intelligible = explicit/ lucid 阻礙:hindrance-noun.= fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷鎖桎梏/ onus負(fù)擔(dān)重任
阻礙:動詞hamper = encumber造成負(fù)擔(dān)/ foil/ stymie/ thwart阻礙或者挫敗工作完成/ handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard 壓制:smother/ stifle 令人窒息,壓制約束 suppress/ pin down 協(xié)助促進(jìn):aid = facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/ 五
著名的:famous = celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent be famous for = take pride in
elite= meritocrat(meritocracy n.知識界精華)(用上的話超級有文采~嘻嘻)有特色:feature = savor/ 因?yàn)槭裁炊劽捎胒amous一系列
臭名昭著:disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因?yàn)闃O壞而臭名昭著 好的名聲:reputation = esteem/ prestige 壞的名聲:disgrace/ disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的聲譽(yù),恥辱。
尊重 noun.:respect = reverence/ veneration/ homage 高尚的:noble = rarefied/ sublime/ lofty
不尊重 名次:disrespect = scorn蔑視 招人輕視的:contemptible = despicable
尊重:動詞idolize/ worship/ lionize 對待名人一樣的崇拜/ revere敬愛,敬畏 不尊重:動詞 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub 贊揚(yáng):名次praise= accolade贊美,獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)/ approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用來表示贊美的行為或者發(fā)言
贊美:動詞praise = acclaim/ applaud/ hail歡呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的,常常帶有美化成分的贊美
應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)的:形容詞reprehensible
譴責(zé):condemn= censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore嘆惋/ lament 嘆惋 / remonstrate爭辯,申辯
責(zé)備:admonish/ reproach/ reprove溫和的責(zé)備 嚴(yán)厲責(zé)備:動詞 berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid 令人討厭的事物:名次 anathema 謾罵的:abusive/ vituperative
六
有害的事物:harmful things=
contagion傳染病瘟疫 epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/ plague 疾病:malady 瘴氣:miasma比喻意為有害的氣氛或者影響 災(zāi)患:scourge 不再害怕看到世界中心深處的毒氣:unafraid to look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.有害的:harmful = deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous
邪惡的:evil/ devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous / sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental
致命的:fatal/ lethal前兩個(gè)并非貶義/ pernicious極其有害的
有益的:形容詞:hygienic/ sanitary 廣義的衛(wèi)生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的 有害的事物: bane致命的毒藥 / blight植物的枯萎病/
損害:harm = blemish/ deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair減損/main mutilate毀傷肢體/ mar/spoil破壞 demolish拆毀,推翻(觀點(diǎn))
有益的事物:antidote 解毒藥/ remedy藥物:糾錯(cuò)/ panacea 萬能良藥 elixir 煉金藥,萬能藥(有貶義含義)/ boon賜福blessing / tonic 補(bǔ)藥
改善:improve = ameliorate/ amend/ 對法律的修改/ rectify/ redress/
毀壞,毀滅:destroy/ annihilate徹底消滅/ exterminate終結(jié)/ eliminate/ eradicate根除/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 徹底摧毀夷為平地/ devastate/ ravage/ wreck遭受重創(chuàng),嚴(yán)重破壞/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末狀/ subvert 顛覆
可怕的:awful = horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire 復(fù)蘇,復(fù)興 動詞:revive= rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive 動蕩的,混亂的 形容詞:tumultuous/ turbulent/
混亂:名詞:chaos/ confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面積的破壞-混亂 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方,比喻嘈雜,混亂的地方/ shambles廢墟/ turmoil 混亂,動蕩/ upheaval突發(fā)的巨變
災(zāi)難:calamity/ cataclysm/ catastrophe
危險(xiǎn) 名詞:danger/ hazard/ peril
危險(xiǎn)的:hazardous/ perilous/ precarious/ treacherous
危及:動詞 endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize 保護(hù):protect = safeguard 表示進(jìn)步,提高的動詞:
improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine
重要,關(guān)鍵:
important significant consequential momentous considerable essential valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital
substantial material;稍微扯得遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的還有conspicuous striking prominent 杰出的 eminent卓越的顯著的; noticeable
正確的,無誤的:
correct rectify-糾正改正 accurate precise proper undistorted-未被曲解的 right impeccable-無可挑剔的,無瑕疵的增長和減少(這個(gè)超級常用!)
增長:extend magnify amplify aggrandize intensify enhance prolong-時(shí)間范圍方面的延長 減少:reduce curtail lessen-大小數(shù)量范圍程度 dwindle-逐步減小
increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize
elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate
lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify)expand augment enlarge diminish dwindle(swindle是詐騙的意思)slump 和證明相關(guān)的:
justify warrant assert claim contend-聲稱主張 argue validate-驗(yàn)證 substantiate verify
accuse assign indict allege-斷言 affirm
論題:
statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction
persuasion 要求
request demand needs requisition
撤銷
to cancel;to revoke;to countermand;[Law] to rescind;to quash 建立
to build up;to establish;to set up;to found;to take root;to strike root 消除
to eliminate;to clear;to remove;to clear up;to take away;to smooth away 推理
1.[Logic] inference;reasoning;deduction;ratiocination 2.to reason
3.to put two and two together 相應(yīng)
1.corresponding;relevant;relative;fitting;appropriate
2.accordingly;correspondingly;by the same token;in a corresponding way
3.to correspond to;to act in responses;to work in concert with;to support each other 導(dǎo)致
1.to lead to;bring about(or on);to result in;to cause;spark off;conduce to;to procure;to induce;to generate 后果
a consequence;an aftermath;an outcome
檢查
to inspect;to check;to examine;to look over;to put to the test;to keep a check on
發(fā)(獎(jiǎng)品)
prize reward award grant assign confer(on)honor fame credit contribution acknowledgement recognition 表示程度的副詞
very strikingly-引人注目地,突出地,驚人地 greatly highly insatiably=貪得無厭地,不知足地 exceedingly-非常極其 dreadfully-可怕地,糟糕地,非常 remarkably-非凡地顯著地
drastically-激烈地徹底地 dramatically
足夠
sufficient adequate enough 剩下幾個(gè)也是常用的
present justify practicable hence consequently examination accountable responsible
twist and turn 迂回曲折
might and main 盡全力 do sth.with ~ part and parcel 重要部分 safe and sound 安然無恙 spick and span 嶄新的,極干凈的 time and tide 歲月,時(shí)光 go to rack and ruin 陷于毀滅 slow and sure 慢而穩(wěn),穩(wěn)妥 hale and hearty 老當(dāng)益壯
chop and change 變幻莫測(尤指觀點(diǎn),計(jì)劃等)fair and foul 在任何情況下 through ~ weal and woe 福禍
sum and subs tance 主要情況,要點(diǎn)(尤指講話的主要部分)
forgive and forget 不念舊惡
wax and wane(月的)盈虧圓缺;盛衰 1 2 3 4 inferno 地獄,可與幸福生活形成強(qiáng)烈對比
the inferno of war inky
用于個(gè)人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫
the inky darkness of one’s pursuit of own destiny
promulgate
公布,頒布法令,新法律
promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory, etc
the promulgation of a treaty
latency
如作者主張尚未表現(xiàn)出的危險(xiǎn)或其主張的長遠(yuǎn)作用
latent---latent ability , a latent infection
after a careful examination, it is no need to go 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 34 too far to sense that the author’s claim underlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurks a latency of profound implication.Connotation
內(nèi)涵,言外之意―――
Hollywood always holds connotation of romance and glittering success.貶義詞
derogatory connotation Motivate / ignite
用于深究心理方面深層的原因,或者內(nèi)因
be motivated by greed, fear, love
a teacher who can motive her pupils Nectar
在描寫藝術(shù)方面的享受時(shí)有用,甘露,Emulate
仿效,主要用于名人的作用
emulative 好勝的 責(zé)任
obligation , responsibility, liability
重要
paramount
the reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government’s economic policy Ponder 1 深思
pondering on the meaning of life Delve in/ into 探索,鉆研,起源
a writer delving in medieval French literature
delve into the origins of the custom Blood 根源
of the same blood 演繹推理
deduce
追溯源頭
Augment 增加提高
continuing rains augment the flood waters.混亂
turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos
the country was in a turmoil during the strike.There was uproar over the tax increases.Left in a state of chaos Rote learning 死記硬背的方法
Reminisce
緬懷美好的往事
reminiscence 懷舊
reminiscence of my youth Halcyon 太平盛世
halcyon times
the halcyon days of youth Quietude平靜寂靜
equability平和寧靜
Equanimity 鎮(zhèn)靜
she maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal.Impassivity 泰然自若
Equilibrium平衡均勢
disturb the equilibrium of the chains of natural environment.Balance-----try to achieve a better balance between work and play.This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.Placidity平靜
the placidity of his temperament Deformity 畸形,用于形容教育中重視一方面忽視另一方面
Lapse
小錯(cuò)失足
a lapse from grace
失寵
lapse into 陷入
lapse back into bad habits
lapse into a coma
時(shí)間流逝
after a lapse of several decades
Peccadillo 小過失
guilty of some mild peccadillo Falsity
謬誤錯(cuò)誤
Menace 威脅,危害
nuclear weapons are a menace to world peace Jeopardize 破壞危害
jeopardous
Imperil
危害
the security of the country had been imperiled
Transient
轉(zhuǎn)瞬即失的transient success
transience
transient years is not enough to make the conclusion Ephemeral
短暫的 ephemeral pleasure 35 36 37 38 39 40
50
Permanent
permanence
permanency
Angle
角度
try looking at the affair from a different angle Facet
方面角度
there are many facets to this question Dissimilitude
不同不同之處
表示實(shí)用的功利的utilitarian-功利的 function
pragmatic-實(shí)用的 utilitarianism
pragmatism
神話(用于藝術(shù)類的issue 中)
mythology
神化
apotheosis
apotheosize
寓言
allegory fable
圣歌
psalm
anthem
hymn
褻瀆的profane
圣樂和俗樂
scared and profane music
神靈saint Didactic 教誨的,說教的教誨
edification inculcate Elicit 誘出
表示競爭極其后果的詞
良性競爭
good-natures rivalry ;惡性競爭、循環(huán)
vicious circle
; 憎恨
antipathy
Salvation 拯救(描寫精神,崇高事業(yè)時(shí))redemption Mundane 世俗的
Ethnocentrism 民主優(yōu)越感
racialism
racism 種族主義
nationalism 民族主義
chauvinism
沙文主義
patriotism patriotic 愛國主義 Ingrained 根深蒂固的
注定
predestine
destine
foreordain Populace
平民
描寫文化差異/ 相同的詞語
cultural shock
設(shè)身處地的vicarious
vicariously
vicarious pleasure, satisfaction
be acclimatized to
assimilation cultural homogenization
文化適應(yīng)
acculturation Emblem 象征
the dove is an emblem of peace
修辭手法
metaphor-隱喻
onomatopoeia
rhetoric
Crusade(為爭取好的或反對壞的事物的)斗爭或運(yùn)動
a crusade against corruption Transatlantic 大西洋彼岸的,橫越大西洋的transatlantic flight, voyage, telephone call
a transatlantic trade agreement Tottering 蹣跚的Recidivism
累犯
Space crunch
空間緊縮
crunch 表示渠道的詞
channel vehicle
Melancholy 憂郁 Epithet
綽號
Pernicious
有害的 Proclivity 傾向
家譜
genealogy
pedigree
政府行為
stipulation of a poverty line
第二篇:高考英語寫作常見的高級詞匯
啊高考英語寫作常見的高級詞匯
老師在講評書面表達(dá)時(shí),經(jīng)常告訴學(xué)生說,書面表達(dá)要得高分,就得有高級句型和高級詞匯;但很多同學(xué)在寫書面表達(dá)時(shí),總認(rèn)為高級句型和高級詞匯很神秘,高不可及。其實(shí),未必如此!通過研讀一些優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生習(xí)作和歷年高考書面表達(dá)的范文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),很多所謂的高級句型和高級詞匯正是我們老師反復(fù)講解和訓(xùn)練的。下面列舉一些常見且高級的詞匯,供同學(xué)們參考。
1.occur 替換 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→
An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替換spend He spends all his spare time in reading.→
He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替換want / look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4.a(chǎn)verage 替換ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student.5.but替換very The film we saw last night was very interesting.→
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替換sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替換should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8.a(chǎn)ppreciate 替換thank Thank you very much for you help.→
We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替換 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替換as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→
On his arrival, he began his research..11.due to替換because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12.cover替換walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替換 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14.round the corner 替換 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15.come to light替換discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替換have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17.come up with替換think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18.set aside替換save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19.be of + n.替換adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替換talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21.can not but / can not help but替換have to do I could not but(had to)go home.22.more often than not替換usually More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替換so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→
I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24.be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替換want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.→
I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替換be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26.more than替換very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27.perfect(ly)替換good/ very well He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替換help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29.the other day替換a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30.in the course of替換during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31.the majority of替換most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32.consist of替換be made up of Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33.be worn out替換 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替換 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him ? 35.a(chǎn)ttend to替換look after 36.on condition that替換as long as 37.nevertheless替換however 38.express one’s satisfaction with替換be satisfied with 39.spare no efforts to do替換try one’s best to do 40.many a 替換many 41.be rushed off one’s feet 替換be busy in doing 42.a(chǎn) handful of替換a little / some 43.meanwhile替換at the same time 44.get to one’s feet替換stand up 45.beneath替換under 46.occasionally替換sometimes /once in while 47.for instance替換for example 48.seldom替換not often 49.wealthy替換 rich 50.a(chǎn)mazing替換surprising 51.a(chǎn)s a matter of fact 替換in fact
第三篇:100個(gè)同義詞替換精髓詞匯
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100個(gè)同義詞替換精髓詞匯
1.important =crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)
2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something;ignore means no attention.)
6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)
7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it.FORMAL)
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
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10.top=peak, summit
11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)
12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation
15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
17.complain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)
18.primary=radical(very important and great in degree), fundamental
19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something 想讓您的人品爆發(fā)嗎?歡迎訪問雅思人品網(wǎng),許下你的雅思愿望,積攢更多的人品,助你順利屠鴨!
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s/he does not want to),compel
21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)
23.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her
24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)
26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly
27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
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30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)
31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)
32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)
33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)
34.attack=assault(physically attack someone), assail(attack violently
35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!
36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)
39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)
40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)
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41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)
42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm), fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)#
43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!
44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive
46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her.FORMAL)
48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
50.hot=boiling(very hot)
51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, 想讓您的人品爆發(fā)嗎?歡迎訪問雅思人品網(wǎng),許下你的雅思愿望,積攢更多的人品,助你順利屠鴨!
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especially to people's safety and health)
52.nowadays=currently
53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;
54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)(h
56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)
57.obvious=apparent, manifest
58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
60.quite=fairly
61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
63.appear=emerge(come into existence)
64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8
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65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!
66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
67.difficult=formidable
68.change=convert(change into another form)
69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)
71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or
his/her opinion is different from most people)
73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
74.use= utilize(the same as use)
75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you 想讓您的人品爆發(fā)嗎?歡迎訪問雅思人品網(wǎng),許下你的雅思愿望,積攢更多的人品,助你順利屠鴨!
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have doubts on it.)
76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
78.scholarship=fellowship
79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)
80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#
82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
84.disorder=disarray, chaos 想讓您的人品爆發(fā)嗎?歡迎訪問雅思人品網(wǎng),許下你的雅思愿望,積攢更多的人品,助你順利屠鴨!
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85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/
90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)
91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^
92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)想讓您的人品爆發(fā)嗎?歡迎訪問雅思人品網(wǎng),許下你的雅思愿望,積攢更多的人品,助你順利屠鴨!
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93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)
94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/
97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
98.so=consequently, accordingly
99.rare=infrequent(doesn’t happen often
100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)
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第四篇:常見違規(guī)詞匯
常見違規(guī)詞匯
最
最、最佳、最具、最愛、最賺、最優(yōu)、最優(yōu)秀、最好、最大、最大程度、最高、最高級、最高端、最奢侈、最低、最低級、最低價(jià)、最底、最便宜、史上最低價(jià)、最流行、最受歡迎、最時(shí)尚、最聚攏、最符合、最舒適、最先、最先進(jìn)、最先進(jìn)科學(xué)、最后、最新、最新技術(shù)、最新科學(xué)
一
第一、中國第一、全網(wǎng)第一、銷量第一、排名第一、唯
一、第一品牌、NO.1、TOP1、獨(dú)一無
二、全國第一、遺留、一天、僅此一次(一款)、最后一波、全國X大品牌之
一、銷冠(需住建委證明,方可使用)
級別
國家級、國際級、世界級、千萬級、百萬級、星級、5A、甲級、超甲級、極限詞語
頂級(頂尖/尖端)、頂級享受、高級、極品、極佳(絕佳/絕對)、終極、極致、致極、極具、完美、絕佳(極佳)、至、至尊、至臻、臻品、臻致、臻席、壓軸、問鼎、空前、絕后、絕版、無雙、非此莫屬、巔峰、前所未有、無人能及、頂級、鼎級、鼎冠、定鼎、完美、翹楚之作、不可再生、不可復(fù)制、絕無僅有、寸土寸金、淋漓盡致、無與倫比、唯
一、卓越、卓著
稀缺
前無古人后無來者、絕版、珍稀、臻稀、稀少、絕無僅有、絕不在有、稀世珍寶、千金難求、世所罕見、不可多得、空前絕后、寥寥無幾、屈指可數(shù)
獨(dú)家
獨(dú)家、獨(dú)創(chuàng)、獨(dú)據(jù)、開發(fā)者、締造者、創(chuàng)始者、發(fā)明者
首/家/國
首個(gè)、首選、獨(dú)家、首發(fā)、首席、首府、首選、首屈一指、全國首家、國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、國門、國宅、首次、填補(bǔ)國內(nèi)空白、國際品質(zhì)、黃金
黃金旺鋪、黃金價(jià)值、黃金地段、金錢、金融匯幣圖片、外國貨幣
品牌
大牌、金牌、名牌、王牌、領(lǐng)先上市、巨星、著名、掌門人、至尊、冠軍、王、之王、王者、樓王、墅王、皇家、領(lǐng)
世界領(lǐng)先、(遙遙)領(lǐng)先、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、領(lǐng)袖、引領(lǐng)、創(chuàng)領(lǐng)、領(lǐng)航、耀領(lǐng)、虛假
史無前例、前無古人、永久、萬能、百分之百
權(quán)威
特供、專供、專家推薦、國家xx領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人推薦、使用人民幣圖樣(央行批準(zhǔn)除外)
涉嫌欺詐消費(fèi)者
點(diǎn)擊領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)、恭喜獲獎(jiǎng)、全民免單、點(diǎn)擊有驚喜、點(diǎn)擊獲取、點(diǎn)擊轉(zhuǎn)身、領(lǐng)取獎(jiǎng)品、抽獎(jiǎng)、注:禮品(需標(biāo)明名稱、價(jià)格、數(shù)量截止日期)
涉嫌誘導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者
售罄、售空、再不搶就沒了、史上最低價(jià)、不會再便宜、沒有他就xx、錯(cuò)過不再/錯(cuò)過即無(錯(cuò)過就沒機(jī)會了)、未曾有過的、萬人瘋搶、全民瘋搶/搶購、免費(fèi)領(lǐng)、免費(fèi)住、0首付、(免首付)、零距離、“價(jià)格你來定”、文字
不得單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)外國文字(出現(xiàn)外國文字 需要注明漢語)、認(rèn)不出毛筆字、繁體字、沒有版權(quán)字體(漢儀)
人物肖像權(quán)
公民肖像權(quán)、兒童肖像權(quán)、明星肖像權(quán)、名人肖像權(quán)、名人卡通形象、動畫片卡通形象
教育/戶口/承諾
學(xué)校名稱、升學(xué)、教育護(hù)航、九年制教育、一站式教育、入住學(xué)區(qū)房、優(yōu)先入學(xué)、12年教育無憂、全程無憂、讓孩子贏在起跑線上 承諾戶口、藍(lán)印戶口、承諾移民 買個(gè)房、啥都解決了
風(fēng)水迷信
上風(fēng)上水、聚財(cái)納氣、寶地、圣地、府邸、龍脈(貴脈)、東西方神話人物、龍脈之地、風(fēng)水寶地、天人合一、天干地支品上山上水——享上等上城、堪輿
皇家/行政
帝都、皇城、皇室領(lǐng)地、皇家、皇室、皇族、殿堂、白宮、王府(府?。?、皇室住所、政府機(jī)關(guān)、行政大樓、XX使館、XX境線(廣告語禁用詞匯)
歧視性詞語(包含階級層次)
貴族、高貴、隱貴、上流、層峰、富人區(qū)、名門、XX階層、XX階級
活動
國家大型賽事(冬奧會、奧林匹克運(yùn)動會、世界杯)、雙十一(已被阿里巴巴注冊不可使用,如使用 涉及侵權(quán))
價(jià)值/投資
升值價(jià)值、價(jià)值洼地、價(jià)值天成、千億價(jià)值、投資回報(bào)、眾籌、抄漲、炒股不如買房、升值潛力無線、買到即賺到
數(shù)據(jù)無證據(jù)證明
得房率%、XX畝、XX公里、XX平方米、熱銷X億、%綠化率、%容積率 熱銷5億、熱銷/成交XXX套、XXX位業(yè)主
交通/設(shè)施
直達(dá)家門口、地鐵上蓋、咫尺地鐵站
萬畝公園、幾大商場環(huán)繞、萬達(dá)在旁、機(jī)場輻射區(qū)、超市 商場
學(xué)校 醫(yī)院等名稱、X條地鐵 X條公交(經(jīng)查證屬實(shí))地鐵旁(需1公里范圍內(nèi))
無法證明具體地理位置
CBD坐標(biāo)、CBD核心、城市核心地段、你在城心、我在你心
中央、中心、重心、中樞、重點(diǎn)、腹地、地標(biāo)、城市中央、凌駕于世界之上
限時(shí)活動 限時(shí)必須具體時(shí)間(今日、今天)幾天幾夜、倒計(jì)時(shí)、趁現(xiàn)在、就、僅限、周末、周年慶、特惠趴、購物大趴、閃購、品牌團(tuán)、(必須有活動日期)隨時(shí)結(jié)束、隨時(shí)漲價(jià)、馬上降價(jià)
無預(yù)售許可證
無預(yù)售許可證:禁止提及開盤 僅是預(yù)售:禁止提及精裝
如果沒有建成:禁止體現(xiàn)裝修風(fēng)格(精工德式裝修、源于百年傳承、室內(nèi)采用XX石材)(對購買行為有實(shí)質(zhì)性影響)
其他
國旗、國徽、國歌 時(shí)間表示距離 所有的無來源數(shù)據(jù)
規(guī)劃中及建設(shè)中的交通 商業(yè) 文化教育設(shè)施(涉嫌做誤導(dǎo)宣傳)文中所包含的所有圖片均注明屬性(樣板間實(shí)景圖/實(shí)景圖/效果圖)
貸款服務(wù):應(yīng)該提供貸款銀行,名稱,貸款額度 年期(包括分期 日供)
月供按揭 需要注明銀行名稱和貸款額度 年限" 只允許用人民幣結(jié)算 不可使用國外貨幣
關(guān)于排序名次:第一 第二 首家 三甲 十強(qiáng)等 廣告語內(nèi)容夸張 不屬實(shí)
排卡(總部規(guī)定不可使用,如使用需改成排號)過渡頁里 出現(xiàn)某某報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)站等內(nèi)容 關(guān)于賭博內(nèi)容的 麻將紙牌等
第五篇:文言常見詞匯
傳記文段高頻詞分類積累
高考文言文選用的材料基本是人物傳記。主人公多是正面的文臣武將,文章主要圍繞該人物展開記敘,敘述其生平或幾件突出的事跡,凸現(xiàn)該人物正直敬業(yè)、奉公孝順的品行或卓越的才能;選材多來自全是紀(jì)傳體的“二十四史”。選材的相對穩(wěn)定,必然帶來遣詞用字的相對穩(wěn)定。我們?nèi)绻斫獠⒗斡涍@些比較穩(wěn)定的常用詞,既提高了閱讀速度,又會提高準(zhǔn)確率。
(一)與政事相關(guān)的常用詞
官員到某地任職,做一些相關(guān)的政事,實(shí)行一定的政策,會引起各方不同的褒貶評論。于是官員與百姓、官員與官員、官員與國君(帝王)之間就會有許多“動作”發(fā)生。
1.詣:到,去。
2.勸:①鼓勵(lì),獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);②受到鼓勵(lì)、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。3.課:考核、督促、征收。4.風(fēng)、化:教育感化。
5.按、案:巡視,巡行;考察,核實(shí),查明。
6.游:①游玩,游覽;②旅行,外出求學(xué)或求官;③交際,交往。7.趣、趨:①小步走,跑;又引申為趕快,迅速;②通“促”,催促。8.劾:舉報(bào),檢舉,揭發(fā)。
9.白:告訴,報(bào)告。常用于官吏之間。10.短:進(jìn)讒言,說壞話。11.害:嫉妒。
12.聞:①聽說,聽見;②使知道,報(bào)告給??知道。如“沒死以聞”“齊桓、晉文之事,可得聞乎”。
13.斥:指斥,指責(zé),駁斥。
14.讓:①責(zé)備,責(zé)怪;②謙讓,辭讓。15.黨:偏袒,伙同,包庇。16.矯:假托,假傳。17.質(zhì):作人質(zhì);抵押。
18.次:①臨時(shí)駐扎(用于軍隊(duì));②住宿,停留(用于個(gè)人)。19.輸:繳納(貢品或賦稅)——由“輸送、運(yùn)輸”引申。20.當(dāng):判刑,判罪。后多帶表示懲罰意義的詞語。21.坐:①因??犯罪,觸犯;②牽連,定罪。22.多:贊揚(yáng),欣賞。23.少:批評,輕視,看不起。
(二)官職人物常用詞語
1.表官職的詞語
(1)宰相:總攬政務(wù)的大官。宰,主持,相,輔佐。(2)御史大夫:其權(quán)力僅次丞相。(3)六部:吏、戶、禮、兵、刑、工。(4)三司:太尉(大司馬)、司徒、司空。(5)中書?。褐醒胄姓C(jī)關(guān)。(6)尚書:六部最高行政長官。(7)太尉:秦漢時(shí)掌管中央軍事的最高官員。(8)宦官:宮廷內(nèi)侍,又稱太監(jiān)。(9)校尉:漢代軍事長官。
(10)翰林學(xué)士:管文件、圖書、侍讀等。(11)太史:記史,管文件。(12)左右拾遺:唐代諫官。(13)總督:清代地方最高行政長官。(14)巡撫:總攬一省行政軍事長官。(15)知州:州一級行政長官。知,管理。(16)太守:郡一級行政長官。
(17)主簿:各級主官屬下掌管支書的佐吏。2.表官職變化的詞語(1)表授予官職的詞語
征:由皇帝征聘社會知名人士充任官職。如:公車特征拜郎中。.
《張衡傳》
辟:由中央官署征聘,然后向上薦舉,任以官職。如:連辟公府不就。.
《張衡傳》
薦、舉:由地方官向中央舉薦品行端正的人,任以官職。如:韓琦鎮(zhèn)長安,薦知涇陽縣。.
《宋史·侯可傳》 舉其偏,不為黨。.
《左傳·襄公三年》
拜:授予官職。如:安帝雅聞衡善術(shù)學(xué),公車特征拜郎中。.
《張衡傳》
選:通過推薦或科舉選拔任以官職。如:選丞相東曹掾。.
《元史·賈魯傳》
除:任命,授職。如:尋蒙國恩,除臣洗馬。.
《陳情表》
授:授給、給予官職。如:恩授東平路儒學(xué)教授。.
《元史·賈魯傳》
賞:指皇帝特意賜給官銜或爵位。如:八月初一日,上召見袁世凱,特賞侍郎。.
《譚嗣同》 封:指帝王將爵位或土地賜給臣子。如:勞苦而功高如此,未有封侯之賞。.
《鴻門宴》 起:起用人任以官職。如:魯居喪服闋,起為太醫(yī)院都事。.
《元史·賈魯傳》
察:考察后予以推薦,選舉。如:郡察孝廉,州舉茂才。.
《三國志·吳主傳》
仕:做官。如:學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕。.
《論語·子張》
仕宦:做官,任官職。如:汝是大家子,仕宦于臺閣。..
《孔雀東南飛》
仕進(jìn):進(jìn)身為官。如:邁少恬靜,不慕仕進(jìn)。..
《晉書·許邁傳》(2)表罷免官職的詞語
罷:免去,解除官職。如:竇太后大怒,乃罷逐趙綰、王臧等。.
《魏其武安侯列傳》
絀、黜:廢掉官職。如:有罪得以黜,有能得以賞。.
《封建論》
免:罷免。如:免官削爵。.
《漢書·貢禹傳》
奪:削除。如:使者遂逮守,脅服,奪其官。.
《書博雞者事》
(3)表提升官職的詞語
升:升官。如:升(魯)臺都事。.
《元史·賈魯傳》
擢:在原官上提拔。如:擢為后將軍。.
《漢書·趙充國傳》
拔:提升本來沒有官職的人。如:山濤(人名)作冀州(長官),甄拔三十余人。.
《與韓荊州書》
遷:一般指提升。如:孝文帝說之,超遷,一歲中至太中大夫。.
《賈誼傳》
陟: 晉升,進(jìn)用。如:陟罰臧否,不宜異同。.
《出師表》
晉、進(jìn):晉升官職,提高職位或級別。如:成語“加官晉爵”。.加:加封,即在原來的官銜上增加榮銜。如:平劇盜賴文政有功,加秘閣修撰。.(4)表降低官職的詞語
謫:因罪被降職或流放。如:滕子京謫守巴陵郡。.
《岳陽樓記》
貶:①降職。如:坐貶連州刺史。.
《劉禹錫列傳》
②降職并外放。如:貶邵州刺史,不半道,貶永州司馬。..
《新唐書·柳宗元傳》
放:一般指由京官改任地方官。如:屈原既放,三年不得復(fù)見。.
《卜居》
左遷:降職貶官,特指貶官在外。如:予左遷九江郡司馬。..
《琵琶行》
竄:放逐,貶官。如:暫為御使,遂竄南夷。(韓愈 .
《進(jìn)學(xué)解》)左除、左降、左轉(zhuǎn):降職。如:帝怒,乃罷(陸)贄宰相,左除(張)滂等官。..
《新唐書·裴延齡傳》
出宰:京官外放出任地方官。如:郎官上應(yīng)列宿,出宰百里,茍非其人,則民受其殃。..
《后漢書·明帝紀(jì)》(5)表調(diào)動官職的詞語
遷:調(diào)動官職,一般指提升。如:遷東郡太守。.
《漢書·王尊傳》
徙:一般的調(diào)動官職。如:徙齊王信為楚王。.
《史記·淮陰侯列傳》
調(diào):變換官職。如:調(diào)為隴西都尉。.
《漢書·袁盎傳》
轉(zhuǎn):調(diào)動官職。如:再轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)為太史令。衡不慕當(dāng)世,所居之官輒積年不徙。.
《張衡傳》 補(bǔ):補(bǔ)充空缺官職。如:太守察尊廉,補(bǔ)遼西鹽官長。.
《漢書·王尊傳》
改:改任官職。如:改刑部詳覆官。.
《宋史·王濟(jì)傳》
出:京官外調(diào)。如:永和初,出為河間相。.
《張衡傳》
(6)表兼代官職的詞語
兼:兼任。如:予除右丞相兼樞密使。.
《〈指南錄〉后序》
領(lǐng):兼任(較為低級的官職)。如:桓溫鎮(zhèn)京口,復(fù)引(喬)為司馬,領(lǐng)廣陵相。.
《晉書·袁喬傳》
行:代理官職。如:太祖行奮武將軍。.
《三國志·魏書·武帝紀(jì)》
署:代理、暫任。如:太守奇之,除補(bǔ)書佐,署守屬監(jiān)獄。.
《漢書·王尊傳》
權(quán):暫代官職。如:時(shí)韓愈吏部權(quán)京兆。.
《劉公嘉話》
判:高位兼低職。如:除鎮(zhèn)安武勝軍節(jié)度使,司徒兼侍中,判相州。.
《宋史·韓琦傳》 假:臨時(shí)的,代理的。如:乃相與共立羽為假上將軍。.
《史記·項(xiàng)羽本紀(jì)》
攝:暫代官職。如:俄檢校侍中,攝吏部尚書。.
《新唐書·杜如晦傳》
守:代理官職。如:初平中,北??兹谡僖詾橹鞑?,守高密令。.
《三國志·王修傳》
(7)表辭官
告老:官員年老辭職。如:冬十月,晉韓獻(xiàn)子告老。..
《左傳·襄公七年》。
解官:辭去官職。如:得監(jiān)和州稅,父母又不欲行,拯即解官歸養(yǎng)。..
《包拯傳》
請老:古代官吏請求退休養(yǎng)老。如:祁奚請老,晉侯問嗣焉。..
《左傳》
乞身:古代認(rèn)為官吏做官是委身事君,因此稱請求退職為“乞身”。如:時(shí)天下略定,通思欲避榮寵,以病上書乞身。..
《后漢書·李通傳》
移?。荷蠒Q病,為居官者請求退職的委婉語。如:上怒,以為不能,弘乃移病免歸。..
《漢書·公孫弘傳》 致仕:交還官職,即退休。如:以刑部尚書致仕。..
《新唐書·白居易傳》
這些詞,都有個(gè)明顯的特征,即后面常帶表示官職或地點(diǎn)的專有名詞,這給我們的翻譯帶來了方便——可以不譯。更重要的是,官職的變動特別是主觀情緒明顯的降職和升職,往往是我們推斷翻譯主人公行為、事件中生難字詞的重要依據(jù)。
3.表人物個(gè)性的:耿、(仁)厚、矜、耿介、剛毅、周密、寬厚、正直、埂、鯁、骨鯁、鯁切、聰慧、敏、木訥、佞、詐、阿諛、諂讒、譎
耿:光明。埂:正直。鯁:直爽,正直。
佞:能說會道,引為巧言諂媚。譎:欺詐,玩弄手段。
4.表人物品行的:行、德、操、節(jié)、清(廉)、淫(靡)、貪(濁)5.與科考有關(guān)的:貢舉、第、登第、中第、狀元、解元、鄉(xiāng)試 6.與學(xué)校有關(guān)的:庠、序、太學(xué)、博士 7.表敬重的:敬、重、尊、恭
8.表贊揚(yáng)的:多、嘉、稱、譽(yù)、與、許、嘆 多:稱贊。嘉:贊美。與:贊許。
9.表社會狀態(tài)的:治、亂、興、盛、衰 10.表少數(shù)民族的:蠻、夷、戎、狄
蠻:南蠻,古代統(tǒng)治階級對南部民族帶污蔑性的稱呼。夷:東部少數(shù)民族。戎:西部少數(shù)民族。狄:北部少數(shù)民族。
11.表人物地位的:貴、顯、卑、官紳、豪 12.表主管的:知、典、主
13.與水利有關(guān)的:堤、決、潰、溢、漲、澇、旱、堰
14.與糧食有關(guān)的:粟、黍、禾、谷、稻、菽、稼穡、耕耘、稔、熟、刈、糴、糶、廩、稟、荒
稔:莊稼成熟。
刈:割;鐮刀一類的農(nóng)具。廩:糧倉;官府發(fā)給的口食。稟:給予谷物。荒:荒年,收成不好。
15.表糧食豐收的:豐、饒、贍、足、給 贍:富足,充足;供給。給:足,豐足。
16.表食物的:糗、饌、肴、膳、羞(饈)、蔬、果、脂膏 17.表飽饑的:飽、饑、餓、餒、饉 餒:饑餓,五谷沒有收成。
饉:蔬菜和野菜吃不上。饑和饉連用時(shí)無區(qū)別。18.表俸祿的:俸、祿、秩、餉 秩:官吏的俸祿。
19.表布匹的:布、麻、匹、絲、絹、錦、練、綾、綃、縑、綢、羅、緞、綺、紗、絳、縞、繒、蠶、桑
20.表穿戴的:紈绔、布衣、履、綬、冠、冕、巾、帶 21.表房舍的:宇、舍、館、宅、第、邸、廡、屋 宇:屋檐。
廡:堂下周圍的廊屋。
22.表桌床的:案、幾、床、榻 23.表違背的:牾、忤、逆、倍(背)24.表揭發(fā)的:劾、訐、揭 劾:揭發(fā)罪狀。
訐:攻擊或揭發(fā)別人的短處。25.表害怕的:畏、懼、憚、駭、患
26.表嫉恨的:惡、厭、憎、貶、銜、怨、患、疾、恨、怒、詛 銜:藏在心中,特指懷恨。詛:詛咒。
27.表暗中的:陰、間、密 28.表誣陷的:中、譖、誣 29.表朝見的:朝、覲 朝:原指諸侯春天朝見天子。覲:原指諸侯秋天朝見天子。后來都泛指朝見帝王。
30.與京城有關(guān)的:禁、闕、畿、京、京畿 畿:京城所管轄的地方。
31.與皇帝有關(guān)的:上、帝、祚、踐祚、登基、朕、孤、寡人、御、詔、召、誥、(駕)幸、膳、對策、奏、表、疏
祚:福;皇位。踐祚:即位。
32.表說話的:曰、云、謂、詔、誥、告、敕、白、陳、對、語、諭、喻、曉、辯、問、謝、詰、訴、咨
告:告誡,囑咐;皇帝的命令或詔書。諭:告訴,使人知道;知道,了解,明白。詰:責(zé)備,追問。訴:告狀;誹謗。
33.表勸說的:說、勸、規(guī)、諷、諫
34.表責(zé)備的:過、責(zé)、咎、誅、讓、譴、尤、折 讓:責(zé)備,責(zé)怪。尤:抱怨,指責(zé)。折:駁斥,斥責(zé),指責(zé)。35.表寬容的:容、貸、恕、寬
36.表喜樂的:樂、欣(然)、悅(說)、歡
37.表哀怒的:怒、憤、惱、忿恚、涕泣、罵、責(zé)、戾 戾:①兇暴,猛烈;②違背,違反或乖張,不講情理。忿:憤怒,怨恨。恚:恨、怒。
38.表刑罰的:髡、笞、磔、刖、族、杖、流、赭衣、械 族:滅族。
流:流放,古代的一種刑罰。赭衣:赭,紅褐色。囚犯所穿的衣服。械:桎梏,腳鐐和手銬一類的刑具。39.表監(jiān)獄的:囹圄、獄
40.表拜訪的:造、過、訪、謁(見)、顧 41.表告別的:辭、別、謝 42.表離開某地的:去、遷、徙 43.表到往某地的:如、過、詣、往、經(jīng)
44.與馬匹有關(guān)的:馬、駒、廄、策、羈、轡、逸、馭、御、駕、轅、轍 逸:馬脫了韁繩,放縱。
45.表行動的:步、趨、走、遁、亡、逃、匿、逋
遁:逃,“遁”與“逃”均是逃離某個(gè)地方,但“遁”比“逃”更隱蔽,多指悄悄地遛走,不知去向。
逋:①逃亡,逃跑;②拖延,遲延。
46.表死亡的:(駕)崩、山陵崩、薨、卒、不祿、死、沒(歿)、終、圓寂
(三)表示時(shí)間的詞
高考文言文的概括分析題——“下列對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析,不正確的一項(xiàng)是”,錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)設(shè)置的一般特點(diǎn)是:個(gè)別字詞的錯(cuò)譯或打亂原文的六要素,即主要是人與時(shí)、地、事的錯(cuò)接。錯(cuò)譯的字詞以上面的詞為常見。至于人與時(shí)、地、事的錯(cuò)接,也就是故意讓這幾個(gè)要素和主人公張冠李戴,比如補(bǔ)(譯)出的省略成分錯(cuò)誤。因此,我們不應(yīng)忽略一些能暗示前后事件關(guān)系的時(shí)間詞。
1.表瞬間:俄、俄而、俄頃,頃、頃之、頃刻、有頃,旋、尋、無何。2.表過去:既、既而,先、先是、先時(shí),初,時(shí)、當(dāng)是時(shí),曩、嘗,昔、向。3.表一段時(shí)間:比、迨、逮、及、洎、居(后帶時(shí)間,則譯作“過了??”,不譯作“居住”,如“居無何”“居三月”)
如果掌握這些字詞的同時(shí),又養(yǎng)成閱讀時(shí)用“/”或序號標(biāo)出事件起止的習(xí)慣,就明確了語境的起止區(qū)間,方便理解判斷。
(五)其他常用詞語
1.先:祖先,已經(jīng)死去的,多指上代或長輩。2.課:督促勸說去做某件事。3.禁:皇帝居住的地方。4.對:回答或?qū)υ挕?/p>
5.檄:古代用來征召、聲討的文書。6.中:中傷、誣蔑別人,使受損害。7.誣:捏造事實(shí)誣陷別人、言語不真實(shí)。8.掾:古代屬官的統(tǒng)稱。9.工:工匠,精巧,擅長,官吏。10.僭:超越本分,過分,虛假不真實(shí)。11.孤:幼年失去父親。
12.貸:借出、借入,寬容、寬免。13.遽:急速,就,恐懼。
14.尤:罪過過錯(cuò),指責(zé)歸罪,優(yōu)異突出,特別尤其。15.劫:強(qiáng)奪,掠取,威逼,威脅。16.令:美好,縣令。17.執(zhí):捉拿。18.延:延請。19.?。簻p免。
20.謝:道歉,推辭,告訴。21.赧:因羞愧而臉紅。22.竟:結(jié)束,完。23.造:造訪。
24.過:拜訪,經(jīng)過,過失,責(zé)備。25.弒:子殺父,臣?xì)⒕?6.用:財(cái)用,因?yàn)椤?7.典:主持。