第一篇：英語(yǔ)必修四課文

必修四 Unit1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE

It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.Then we follow as they wander into the forest.Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However, this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It's terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?” And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.Once you have seen that you can never forget...“

She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.Unit2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE

Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn't care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbles.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Unit3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR

As Victor Hugo once said, ”Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat.He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California.Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success.Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe.He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!

Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Unit4

COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?

Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.They were coming to study at Beijing University.We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised.Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.They both apologizednot all members of a culture behave in the same way.In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!Unit5 THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUN

Which theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!

The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.It can be found in several parts of the world.It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops.With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!

Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern

USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world.Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture.Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture.Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way.Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA.You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve.And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead.It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space.Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!

If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard.If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit.If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament.Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!

第二篇：英語(yǔ)必修三課文

必修三 Unit1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.Today's festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.Festivals of the Dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November.On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.It is now a children's festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours' homes to ask for sweets.If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan.In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World.India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India's independence from Britain.Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.In European ountries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February.These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world.It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.Japan's Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.Unit2 COME AND EAT HERE(1)

Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.It had been a very strange morning.Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs，roast pork, stir-flied vegetables and fried rice.Then by lunchtime they would all be sold.By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.But not today!Why was that? What could

have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit.“Nothing could be better,” he thought.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.“Hello, Lao Li,” he called.“Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear.What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant.He saw a sign in the window.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?

Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!

Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside.It was full of people.The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward.“Welcome,” she said.“My name is Yong Hui.I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng.There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water.Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices.It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant!He could not believe his eyes.He threw down the menu and hurried outside.On his way home he thought about his own menu.Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!He had better do some research!

At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little.Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit.They would become tired very quickly.Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home.Perhaps

with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.So he wrote:

Want to feel fit and energetic?

Come and eat here!Discounts today!

Our food gives you energy all day!

The competition between the two restaurants was on!

Unit4 No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when

the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It exploded loudly with fire and rock.They were in

time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water

began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals.Some were insects.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.They produced young enerally by laying eggs.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.However，65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth.These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.But they are not looking after the earth very well.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.Unit5 Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport.He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train.On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip.“You're going to see some great scenery.Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities.Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part.People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in.Its population is increasing rapidly.The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”

That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede.Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede.Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty.At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world.In fact, it has one-third of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.

第三篇：高中英語(yǔ)必修四課文翻譯

UNIT1

非洲野生動(dòng)物研究者

清晨5點(diǎn)45分，太陽(yáng)剛從東非的貢貝國(guó)家公園的上空升起，我們一行人準(zhǔn)備按照簡(jiǎn)研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜訪它們。簡(jiǎn)研究這些黑猩猩家族已經(jīng)很多年了，她幫助人們了解黑猩猩跟人類的行為是多么的相似。我們當(dāng)天的首項(xiàng)任務(wù)就是觀察黑猩猩一家是如何醒來(lái)的。這意味著我們要返回前一天晚上我們離開黑猩猩一家睡覺的大樹旁。大家坐在樹蔭下等待著，這時(shí)候猩猩們睡醒了，準(zhǔn)備離開。然后這群黑猩猩向森林深處漫步而去，我們尾隨其后。在大部分時(shí)間里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，這在它們的家庭里是表示愛的方式。簡(jiǎn)預(yù)先提醒我們，到下午的時(shí)候我們就會(huì)又臟又累。她說(shuō)對(duì)了。不過(guò)到傍晚時(shí)分我們覺得這一切都是值得的。我們看到黑猩猩媽媽跟她的幼子們?cè)跇渖贤嫠＃髞?lái)看見它們晚上一切回窩里睡覺了。我明白了猩猩家庭成員之間的聯(lián)系像人類家庭一樣緊密。

在簡(jiǎn)之前沒(méi)有人完全了解黑猩猩的行為。她花了多年的時(shí)間來(lái)觀察并記錄黑猩猩的日常生活。從孩提時(shí)代起，簡(jiǎn)就想在動(dòng)物生活的環(huán)境中研究它們。但是，這不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事。當(dāng)她1960年最初來(lái)到貢貝時(shí)，對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)，住進(jìn)大森林還是很稀罕的事情。她母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫過(guò)她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。她的工作改變了人們對(duì)黑猩猩的看法。比方說(shuō)，她的一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是黑猩猩獵食動(dòng)物。而在此之前，人們一直認(rèn)為黑猩猩只吃水果和堅(jiān)果。她曾經(jīng)親眼看到過(guò)一群黑猩猩捕殺一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她還發(fā)現(xiàn)了黑猩猩之間是如何交流的，而她對(duì)黑猩猩肢體語(yǔ)言的研究幫助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社會(huì)體系。

40年來(lái)，簡(jiǎn)?古道爾一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活。她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動(dòng)物留在野外生活，而不能用于娛樂(lè)或廣告。她還為黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保護(hù)區(qū)。她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所說(shuō)的：“我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭。我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每當(dāng)我看著野生黑猩猩時(shí)，這個(gè)念頭總是縈繞著我。我會(huì)對(duì)自己說(shuō)：‘難道它們不幸運(yùn)嗎？’然后我就想起那些沒(méi)有任何過(guò)錯(cuò)卻被關(guān)在籠子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到這些，你就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記??”

簡(jiǎn)已經(jīng)得到了她想要得到的一切：在動(dòng)物的棲息地工作；獲得博士學(xué)位；還向世人證明女人和男人一樣也能在森林里生活。她激勵(lì)著人們?yōu)閶D女們的成就而歡呼喝彩。為什么不繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)？ 上學(xué)時(shí)我喜歡英語(yǔ)、生物和化學(xué)，但是我進(jìn)大學(xué)該選哪門專業(yè)呢？直到有一天晚上坐在電腦旁研究中國(guó)的偉大女性時(shí)，我才有了答案。

很偶然地，我看到了一篇關(guān)于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是婦科專家，1901年出生，1983年去世。林巧稚似乎一直都在為自己選擇的事業(yè)而奔忙，她去國(guó)外留學(xué)，并寫了很多書和文章。其中有一本書引起了我的注意。這是一本小書，介紹如何從婦女懷孕到護(hù)理嬰兒的過(guò)程中降低死亡率。她提出了一些可以遵循的簡(jiǎn)單的做法，保持嬰兒清潔和健康，讓他們遠(yuǎn)離疾病。她為什么要寫這些東西呢？林巧稚認(rèn)為哪些婦女會(huì)需要這些忠告呢？我細(xì)細(xì)地看了這篇文章，了解到那是為農(nóng)村婦女寫的。也許是她們?cè)谟龅骄o急情況時(shí)找不到醫(yī)生。

突然我想起，在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難?。∧强墒且粋€(gè)女性受教育總是排在男性之后的年代。難道她比別人要聰明得多？進(jìn)一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進(jìn)醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。后來(lái)使她成功的是她對(duì)所有病人獻(xiàn)出的愛心和體貼。數(shù)不勝數(shù)的故事講述著林巧稚如何在勞累一天之后，又在深夜去為貧苦家庭的產(chǎn)婦接生，而這些家庭是不可能給她報(bào)酬的。

現(xiàn)在我迫不及待地想多了解一些有關(guān)她的情況。我發(fā)現(xiàn)林巧稚把畢生都奉獻(xiàn)給了病人，而自己卻選擇了獨(dú)身。她確保了大約五萬(wàn)名嬰兒的安全出生。這時(shí)候，我非常激動(dòng)。為什么不像林巧稚那樣去讀醫(yī)學(xué)院，繼續(xù)她高尚的事業(yè)呢？現(xiàn)在努力提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)、準(zhǔn)備大學(xué)入學(xué)考試還不算晚??

UNIT2 造福全人類的先驅(qū)者

盡管是中國(guó)最著名的科學(xué)家之一，袁隆平仍然認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗谔锢锔鳎M(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。的確，他被太陽(yáng)曬得黝黑的臉龐和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身軀，就跟其他千百萬(wàn)中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣，過(guò)去50年來(lái)，他一直在努力幫助他們。袁博士種植的是被稱為“超級(jí)雜交水稻的”的稻種。1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。如今中國(guó)每年出產(chǎn)的稻米有60%以上出自這種雜交稻種。

袁博士1930年出生，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)學(xué)院。從那時(shí)起，找到水稻高產(chǎn)的方法就成為他一生的目標(biāo)。年輕時(shí)，他就看到了稻田增產(chǎn)的巨大需求。當(dāng)時(shí)，饑荒是許多農(nóng)村地區(qū)面臨的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。袁博士要在不增加土地面積的基礎(chǔ)上尋求達(dá)到增收稻谷的途徑。1950年，中國(guó)農(nóng)民只能生產(chǎn)五千萬(wàn)噸稻谷，而近來(lái)卻生產(chǎn)了將近兩億噸稻谷。這一糧食產(chǎn)量的增加意味著中國(guó)僅僅7%的耕地養(yǎng)活了世界22%的人口。袁博士現(xiàn)在在印度、越南和很多其他欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家傳播提高水稻產(chǎn)量的知識(shí)。多虧了他的研究，聯(lián)合國(guó)在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的辦法。用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。袁博士很滿意他的生活。但是，他對(duì)成名并不在意，并且覺得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。他喜歡聽小提琴樂(lè)曲、打麻將、游泳和讀書。在自己身上花錢或者享受舒適的生活對(duì)袁博士來(lái)說(shuō)意義不大。事實(shí)上，他認(rèn)為一個(gè)人有了太多錢，他的麻煩事只會(huì)更多，而不是更少。于是，他拿出好幾百萬(wàn)元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。夢(mèng)想是不花本錢的。很久以前，袁博士曾在夢(mèng)里看到水稻長(zhǎng)得像高粱一樣高，稻穗跟玉米穗一樣大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一樣大。袁博士從夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)，希望能種植一種能養(yǎng)活更多人的水稻。在很多年后的今天，袁博士還有另外一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，那就是他的稻谷可以出口并長(zhǎng)遍全球。一個(gè)夢(mèng)想總是不夠的，尤其對(duì)一個(gè)熱愛和關(guān)心人民的人來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此?；瘜W(xué)耕作還是有機(jī)耕作？

在過(guò)去的半個(gè)世紀(jì)里，在耕作中使用化肥已經(jīng)非常普遍。很多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥。把化肥作為防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和提高產(chǎn)量的重要手段。然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損，甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是，會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。

化肥帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題有哪些呢？首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時(shí)也會(huì)殺死有益的細(xì)菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地?；瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)還會(huì)在地里和地下水中保存很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而這會(huì)影響到莊稼，進(jìn)而影響到動(dòng)物和人類，因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)成分會(huì)進(jìn)入到農(nóng)作物中，并且不能被沖洗掉。隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。另外，施過(guò)化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長(zhǎng)得過(guò)快而營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。它們表明上很好看，但里面通常是含過(guò)多的水分，而不是維生素和礦物質(zhì)。由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作。有機(jī)耕作就是不用任何化學(xué)肥料的耕作。農(nóng)民關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤會(huì)減少病蟲害并且?guī)椭r(nóng)作物茁壯成長(zhǎng)。因此，有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民通常喜歡把天然的動(dòng)物糞便當(dāng)作肥料。他們認(rèn)為這樣會(huì)使地里的土壤更富含礦物質(zhì)，因而也會(huì)更加肥沃，同時(shí)還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。

有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也使用很多其他的方法來(lái)保持土地肥沃。在同一塊地里，他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就換種農(nóng)作物。例如，種玉米和小麥后來(lái)年再改種豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物將重要的礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土地肥沃的農(nóng)作物，比如玉米或小麥。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民還種植多種農(nóng)作物來(lái)利用不同層次的土壤。比如，他們先種植生長(zhǎng)于淺層土壤的花生，然后再種植生根于深層土壤的蔬菜。還有一些有機(jī)耕作者喜歡在農(nóng)作物之間種草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，從而成為來(lái)年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。這些不同的有機(jī)耕作的方法有著同樣的目標(biāo)：種植好的糧食，避免損害環(huán)境或者人們的健康。

UNIT3 無(wú)聲的幽默的大師

維克多?雨果曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“笑容如陽(yáng)光，驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天。”關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，直到今天也沒(méi)有人比查理?卓別林做的更好。在兩次世界大戰(zhàn)及中間艱苦的歲月里，他給美國(guó)和英國(guó)人民帶來(lái)了快樂(lè)。在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，查理使人們開懷大笑，于是他們對(duì)自己的生活感到更加滿足。

然而查理自己的生活也并不容易。他生于1889年，出身貧寒。他的父母都是音樂(lè)廳里貧窮的演員。你可能會(huì)感到驚奇，查理剛會(huì)說(shuō)話時(shí)大人就教他唱歌，他剛會(huì)走路時(shí)大人就教他跳舞了。這樣的訓(xùn)練在當(dāng)時(shí)演員家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是在家庭收入經(jīng)常不穩(wěn)定的時(shí)候。不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家庭更加艱難，所以查理在童年時(shí)期就要照顧生病的母親和弟弟。在十多歲的時(shí)候，憑借著自己的幽默，查理已經(jīng)在英國(guó)成為最受歡迎的童星之一。他能夠不說(shuō)話而僅靠動(dòng)作來(lái)模仿傻子做日常的工作?？此谋硌輿](méi)有人會(huì)感到無(wú)聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。

隨著時(shí)間的推移，他開始拍電影。他塑造的可愛的“小流浪漢”角色開始聞名于世，而查理越來(lái)越受歡迎。這個(gè)窮苦的無(wú)家可歸的小流浪漢，留著小胡子，穿著大褲子、破鞋子，頭頂著黑色的小圓帽。他手里拿著一根手杖邁著僵硬的步伐四處走動(dòng)。這個(gè)角色是個(gè)社會(huì)生活中的失敗者，但他樂(lè)觀的精神和戰(zhàn)勝困難的決心使他受到人們的喜愛。面對(duì)并不善待他的人，這個(gè)弱者依然保持友善的態(tài)度。

然而這個(gè)小流浪漢是如何把悲涼的遭遇變得滑稽可笑的呢？這里有一個(gè)例子，來(lái)自于他最著名的電影之一《淘金記》。19世紀(jì)中葉，在加利福尼亞州發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子。像其他很多人一樣，小流浪漢和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但卻沒(méi)有成功。相反，他們被暴風(fēng)雪困在山邊的一個(gè)小木屋中，沒(méi)有任何東西可吃。他們餓極了，只好煮了一雙皮鞋來(lái)充饑。查理首先挑出鞋帶來(lái)吃，像吃意大利面條一樣。然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下來(lái)，就像切下一塊最好的牛排。最后他試著把鞋底割下來(lái)嚼著吃。他每一口都嚼得津津有味。查理的表演是那么有說(shuō)服力，以至于你會(huì)相信這頓飯是他所吃過(guò)的最美味的一餐！

查理?卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。1972年他被授予奧斯卡特別獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他在電影界的杰出工作。他生活在英國(guó)和美國(guó)，卻在瑞士度過(guò)了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年安葬在那里。人們熱愛和懷念這位偉大的演員，因?yàn)樗奈枞藗儾⒃鰪?qiáng)他們的信心。夏洛克?福爾摩斯和華生醫(yī)生去山區(qū)野營(yíng)。他們?cè)谏絽^(qū)一塊露天的地上躺了下來(lái)，頭上頂著星星。夏洛克?福爾摩斯仰望著星空，輕聲地說(shuō)道：“華生，當(dāng)你望著美麗的天空時(shí)，你想到了什么？”華生回答說(shuō)：“我想到生命是如此的短促，而宇宙卻是如此的漫長(zhǎng)?！薄安?，不對(duì)，華生！”福爾摩斯說(shuō)，“你到底想到了什么？”于是華生又試著回答：“我想到我是如此的渺小，而天空是如此的廣闊?！薄霸倩卮鹨淮?，華生！”福爾摩斯說(shuō)。華生試著第三次回答了：“我想到宇宙是如此的寒冷，而人們睡在床上是如此的暖和。福爾摩斯說(shuō)：“華生，你這個(gè)傻瓜！你應(yīng)該想到有人把我們的帳篷偷走

UNIT4 交際：沒(méi)有問(wèn)題了嗎？

昨天，我和另一個(gè)學(xué)生代表我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生會(huì)，到首都國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)迎接今年的留學(xué)生。他們來(lái)北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。我們會(huì)首先把他們帶到宿舍，然后去學(xué)生食堂。在等了半個(gè)小時(shí)之后，我看見幾個(gè)年輕人走進(jìn)了等候區(qū)，好奇地向四周張望。站著觀察了他們一分鐘后，我便走過(guò)去跟他們打招呼。

第一個(gè)到達(dá)的是從哥倫比亞來(lái)的托尼?加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國(guó)的朱莉婭?史密斯。在與他們碰面并介紹他們彼此認(rèn)識(shí)之后，我（對(duì)看到的情景）感到很吃驚。托尼走進(jìn)朱莉婭，摸了摸她的肩，親了親她的臉！她后退了幾步，看上去有些吃驚，并舉起了手，好像是在自衛(wèi)。我猜想這里可能有個(gè)很大的誤會(huì)。隨后，來(lái)自日本的永田明微笑著走了進(jìn)來(lái)，同時(shí)進(jìn)來(lái)的還有加拿大的喬治?庫(kù)克。當(dāng)我為他們做介紹時(shí)，喬治把手伸向了這位日本學(xué)生。然而，就在那時(shí)，永田明正在鞠躬，所以他的鼻子碰到了喬治伸過(guò)來(lái)的手。兩個(gè)人都互相道了歉——這又是一個(gè)文化差錯(cuò)！

另一位留學(xué)生艾哈邁德?阿齊茲是約旦人。我們昨天見面，我進(jìn)行自我介紹時(shí)，他靠我很近。我往后退了一點(diǎn)兒，但是他又上前問(wèn)了我一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后同我握手。當(dāng)來(lái)自法國(guó)的達(dá)琳?庫(kù)隆匆忙走進(jìn)門的時(shí)候，她認(rèn)出了托尼?加西亞微笑的面孔。兩個(gè)人握了握手，并且在對(duì)方的面頰上吻了兩下。因?yàn)?，法?guó)成年人見到熟人通常就是這么做的。而艾哈邁德?阿齊茲卻只是朝女孩們點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。來(lái)自中東和一些穆斯林國(guó)家的男士在談話時(shí)通常站得離其他男士很近，但一般不會(huì)與女士接觸。

隨著認(rèn)識(shí)的國(guó)際朋友越來(lái)越多，我也了解到更多不同文化背景下的“身體語(yǔ)言”。各種文化背景下的人互致問(wèn)候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。用口頭語(yǔ)言交流的同時(shí)，人們還使用不出聲的語(yǔ)言——身體間的距離、動(dòng)作或姿態(tài)等，來(lái)表達(dá)情感。比如，英國(guó)人通常不會(huì)站得離別人太近，也不會(huì)一見面就（用身體）接觸陌生人。不過(guò)，來(lái)自西班牙、意大利或南美等國(guó)的人會(huì)站在離別人很近的地方，而且很可能（用身體）接觸對(duì)方?，F(xiàn)在世界上大多數(shù)人見面都要握手相互問(wèn)候，但有些文化（背景下的人）會(huì)采取另外一些寒暄方式。比如說(shuō)，日本人就更愿意鞠躬。

這些行為都無(wú)所謂好與壞，只不過(guò)是文化發(fā)展的不同方式而已。然而，我發(fā)現(xiàn)身體語(yǔ)言的文化習(xí)俗是多元的——同一個(gè)（民族）文化中也并非所有成員的行為都一樣。但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國(guó)家的習(xí)俗肯定能幫助我們避免交往中的困難。表達(dá)我們的情感

身體語(yǔ)言是最強(qiáng)有力的交際手段之一，甚至經(jīng)常比口頭語(yǔ)言更有力量。世界各地的人們表達(dá)各種各樣的情感、愿望和態(tài)度，他們可能從來(lái)不會(huì)大聲地說(shuō)出來(lái)。“讀懂”我們周圍的人的意思是有可能的，即便是人們并不想讓我們捕捉到他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)出來(lái)的信息。當(dāng)然，身體語(yǔ)言可能會(huì)被誤讀，但是很多手勢(shì)和動(dòng)作都具有普遍性。

最普遍通用的面部表情當(dāng)然是微笑——其作用是表示快樂(lè)和安人心境。然而微笑并不總是意味著我們是真的快樂(lè)。世界上的微笑可能是假的，用來(lái)掩蓋其他情緒，比如生氣、害怕或煩惱。還有不愉快的微笑，比如當(dāng)某人“丟了面子”就會(huì)用微笑來(lái)掩飾。但是，微笑的一般目的就是表達(dá)好的情緒。

從孩提時(shí)候起，我們就通過(guò)皺眉來(lái)表示不高興或者憤怒。在世界上大多數(shù)地方，皺眉或者背對(duì)著某人都表示發(fā)怒。把手握緊，朝著別人晃拳頭幾乎總是意味著憤怒并且威脅別人。世界上有很多方式用來(lái)表示同意，但是幾乎全世界都用點(diǎn)頭來(lái)表示同意。大多數(shù)人也知道搖頭表示不同意或拒絕做某事。

如何來(lái)表示我很厭煩呢？在多數(shù)情況下，把眼光從人們身上移開或者打個(gè)哈欠，會(huì)使我看上去（對(duì)此人或此事）不敢興趣。但是如果我轉(zhuǎn)身并看著某人或某物，幾乎每一個(gè)文化背景的人都會(huì)認(rèn)為我（對(duì)此人或此事）感興趣。如果我轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)著眼球，把頭扭到一邊，很可能是我不相信或者是不喜歡所聽到的話。

根據(jù)每一種文化，對(duì)人們表示尊重都是帶有主觀性的。但是一般來(lái)說(shuō)，擁抱你的老板或老師很可能是不妥當(dāng)?shù)?。幾乎在每一種文化里，站得離級(jí)別更高的人太近都不太好。站得有一定的距離，把手微微張開，會(huì)表示我愿意傾聽。人們之間的文化差異如此之多，但好在身體語(yǔ)言有一些相似之處。盡管我們常常會(huì)彼此誤解，但我們?nèi)阅茏龅奖舜死斫猓@真是件令人驚奇的事！

UNIT5

主題公園——是娛樂(lè)，又不僅僅是娛樂(lè)

你想要參觀哪一個(gè)主題公園呢？（世界上）有各種各樣的主題公園，不同的公園有不同的主題，但幾乎囊括了一切：食物、文化、科學(xué)、卡通、電影及歷史。有一些主題公園因?yàn)橛凶畲蠡蛘咦铋L(zhǎng)的過(guò)山車而聞名，有些則展示了文化中那些著名的聲音和視覺景象。不論你喜歡哪一個(gè)，不管你喜歡什么，都會(huì)有一個(gè)適合你的主題公園！你最熟悉的主題公園很可能就是迪斯尼樂(lè)園吧。世界上好幾個(gè)地方都有迪斯尼樂(lè)園。無(wú)論你是在太空遨游，參觀海盜船，還是邂逅你最喜歡的童話故事或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼會(huì)把你帶入一個(gè)魔幻的世界，使你的夢(mèng)想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。當(dāng)你在游樂(lè)園漫步時(shí)，你可能會(huì)在游行隊(duì)伍中或者街上看到白雪公主或米老鼠。當(dāng)然，迪斯尼還有很多頗具刺激性的游樂(lè)設(shè)施，比如巨大的吊船和可怕的自由落體（設(shè)施）。有所有這么多引人入勝的東西，難怪哪里有迪斯尼樂(lè)園，哪里的旅游業(yè)就會(huì)興旺。如果你想盡情娛樂(lè)，而且有更多的收獲，那就來(lái)迪斯尼樂(lè)園吧！

位于美國(guó)東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈中的多萊塢，是世界上最獨(dú)特的主題公園之一。多萊塢展示并歡慶美國(guó)東南地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)文化。盡管這里也有供搭乘的游樂(lè)設(shè)施，但是公園最具吸引力的還是它的文化。著名的鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)全年都會(huì)在露天或室內(nèi)的劇院演出。美國(guó)各地的人們來(lái)到這里，是為了觀看木匠或其他工匠們用老式的方法制作木制品、玻璃制品和鐵制品。還可以到糖果店品嘗一下糖果，這些糖果和150年前美國(guó)南方人制作的一模一樣?；蛘叱艘怀苏羝疖?，這可是在美國(guó)東南部依然運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的唯一一輛蒸汽火車。你甚至可以在世界上最大的禿鷹保護(hù)區(qū)欣賞到美麗的禿鷹。多萊塢為那些喜歡乘坐搭乘設(shè)施的人提供了最好的老式木質(zhì)過(guò)山車之一——雷暴云砧。它因?yàn)樵谧钚〉目臻g內(nèi)擁有最長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)度而聞名于世。來(lái)多萊塢盡情了解所有的美國(guó)東南地區(qū)的歷史文化吧！

如果你想體驗(yàn)遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代并且感受英國(guó)騎士、貴婦、王子和王后的高貴舉止，那么英國(guó)的卡默洛特公園對(duì)你而言就再適合不過(guò)了。園內(nèi)所有景區(qū)都是按照亞瑟王和圓桌騎士生活的時(shí)代復(fù)制的。在有的地方，你還能和大魔術(shù)師梅林一起觀看魔術(shù)表演。如果你想觀看劍術(shù)或馬上格斗，格斗區(qū)是一個(gè)值得去的好地方。如果你在那表現(xiàn)好的話，亞瑟王可能會(huì)挑選你參加大型的格斗聯(lián)賽。你喜歡動(dòng)物嗎？那就來(lái)農(nóng)場(chǎng)區(qū)參觀吧。在這里你可以了解到古英格蘭人是如何打理他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)以及照看他們的動(dòng)物的。想進(jìn)入古英格蘭的夢(mèng)幻世界嗎？那就來(lái)卡默洛特公園吧！

“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”——刺激與求知

上周我進(jìn)行了一次深入太空的旅行。我來(lái)到了太陽(yáng)系的盡頭，被拖進(jìn)了一個(gè)黑洞里。然后我游覽了巴西，感受了墜機(jī)后在叢林中求生的滋味。隨后，我跟著一些潛水者潛入海底觀看從未見過(guò)陽(yáng)光的奇怪的失明的生物。作為間歇，我參加了一個(gè)賽車比賽，然后來(lái)到世界上最險(xiǎn)要的山上滑雪。最后，我面對(duì)面地遭遇了一只恐龍——可怕的霸王龍，在死里逃生之后，我的旅行也結(jié)束了。

在“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”主題公園，我在一天之內(nèi)就做完了所有這些事情?！坝^測(cè)未來(lái)”于1978年開放，是世界上最大的太空時(shí)代主題公園之一。這個(gè)以科技為基礎(chǔ)的法國(guó)主題公園使用了最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)。它的立體電影以及那巨大的電影屏幕能為人們提供在地球上以及超越地球的全新體驗(yàn)。參觀者可以接觸到他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)的世界的角落，比如潛入海底，飛躍叢林，或者參觀太陽(yáng)系的邊緣地帶。這些讓人驚訝的最新的信息加上大量動(dòng)手實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，讓世界以一種全新的方式展現(xiàn)在游人面前。遍布公園的學(xué)習(xí)中心可以讓參觀者嘗試做他們自己的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，與此同時(shí)可以學(xué)到更多關(guān)于太空旅行、海底世界等的知識(shí)。我在公園的入口處給自己和朋友買的票，但是也可以在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)票。“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”主題公園不僅僅適合個(gè)人（旅游），也適合學(xué)生全班出游，因?yàn)樗菉蕵?lè)和學(xué)習(xí)的完美結(jié)合。班級(jí)或者大的團(tuán)體如果提前讓“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”知道他們的計(jì)劃，還可以拿到團(tuán)體入場(chǎng)價(jià)格。“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”附近為那些從城外來(lái)的游客準(zhǔn)備了很多很好的旅館，而且大多數(shù)旅館都提供往返公園的車輛服務(wù)。如果開車（也很方便），“觀測(cè)未來(lái)”就在高速公路附近。在出發(fā)之前好好計(jì)劃一下你的旅行，因?yàn)椤坝^測(cè)未來(lái)”里面的表演、活動(dòng)和好的紀(jì)念品商店太多了，所有要全部游覽完是很難的。來(lái)這里要準(zhǔn)備走許多的路——一定要穿上舒適的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋或者其他走路穿的鞋！

第四篇：高中英語(yǔ)必修四ElizabethFry課文翻譯

ElizabethFry課文翻譯

當(dāng)Quaker Elizabeth與Joseph Fry結(jié)婚后，她的生活好像應(yīng)該要變得舒適安逸。但是Elizabeth并不滿足于她簡(jiǎn)單的生活和她正在成長(zhǎng)的家庭，當(dāng)她看到許多生活在她周圍的貧窮的人時(shí)，她想要幫助他們。一天她被叫去探望一個(gè)囚犯，起初看守不想讓她進(jìn)去因?yàn)榕路溉艘u擊她，但Elizabeth不怕。她注意到犯人們表現(xiàn)很差是因?yàn)樗麄儽蝗撕孟駝?dòng)物般對(duì)待他們沒(méi)有床、干凈的衣服、食物或溫暖任何在監(jiān)獄出生的小孩將會(huì)留在那里并再無(wú)機(jī)會(huì)接受教育。這意味著他們長(zhǎng)大后將被迫去乞討或偷竊，然后最終又會(huì)回到監(jiān)獄。所以Elizabeth第一件事是先提供食物，干凈的衣服和草床，然后她又開了一家監(jiān)獄學(xué)校，并教婦女們縫紉、編織然后賣了成品。這樣她們就可以賺些小錢，并增加自尊。她的善舉幫她迎得了犯人們的友誼并且開始改善他們自己的狀況。不久后她被邀與英國(guó)首領(lǐng)討論如何改善監(jiān)獄現(xiàn)狀。當(dāng)然她并不是一人獨(dú)立完成這些工作。她的姐妹們幫她在全國(guó)各地奔走籌款。一些人不認(rèn)同她的想法并與她爭(zhēng)論。他們說(shuō)她應(yīng)多花些時(shí)間在家庭上。其它人則說(shuō)她過(guò)于在乎名聲。然而，她的丈夫十分支持鼓勵(lì)她。所以她一直堅(jiān)持工作直至去世。她的理念并沒(méi)有隨著她的逝去而消失，而她的工作將被銘記，1947年她們家族被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。

第五篇：高中英語(yǔ)必修四 unit2 課文原文

A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn't care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbles.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?

Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.