第一篇:英語演講比賽提問環(huán)節(jié)(題目)
1.Do you like making friends?And how do you make new friends ?
2.What`s the most important thing in friendship?And what makes friendship break up?
3.What`s the most embarrassing thing you have experienced?
4.Do you believe in love at the first sight ?Can it be a lasting relationship?
5.What is your major?Why did you choose it ?
6.Tell something about your family.7.Which do you prefer :reading books or watching TV?why?
8.Which city do you want to live in ?And why ?
9.In your family ,what person do you admire most ?
10.Which do you prefer :our school staying in longzhou or moving to chongzuo ?
11.If you had one week to do anything you wanted ,what would you do ?
12.If you can go back in time and relive any time in your life ,what age do you want to be ?
13.If you can have any pet you wanted ,what kind of pet would you have ?
14.If you can choose to study at any university in
china ,what university do you want to study at ?
15.How do Chinese usually celebrate birthdays?
16.What do you think of One-Child Policy in China?
17.Is it good for China that so many people are going to other countries?
18.What will you do if you are ill abroad?
19.What will you do if you cannot find a job after graduation?
20.Do you think computer has changed our life so much?
21.What do you do during the Spring Festival?
22.How do you get on well with your roommates?
23.Someone says“to be a class leader will affect one's study results”,what's your opinions about it?
24.Speak out your ideas of smoking in public places.
第二篇:英語演講比賽提問環(huán)節(jié)(題目)
1.Do you like making friends?And how do you make new friends ? 2.What`s the most important thing in friendship?And what makes friendship break up? 3.What`s the most embarrassing thing you have experienced? 4.Do you believe in love at the first sight ?Can it be a lasting relationship? 5.What is your major?Why did you choose it ? 6.Tell something about your family.7.Which do you prefer :reading books or watching TV?why? 8.Which city do you want to live in ?And why ? 9.In your family ,what person do you admire most ? 10.Which do you prefer :our school staying in longzhou or moving to chongzuo ? 11.If you had one week to do anything you wanted ,what would you do ? 12.If you can go back in time and relive any time in your life ,what age do you want to be ? 13.If you can have any pet you wanted ,what kind of pet would you have ? 14.If you can choose to study at any university in china ,what university do you want to study at ? 15.How do Chinese usually celebrate birthdays? 16.What do you think of One-Child Policy in China?
17.Is it good for China that so many people are going to other countries? 18.What will you do if you are ill abroad? 19.What will you do if you cannot find a job after graduation? 20.Do you think computer has changed our life so much? 21.What do you do during the Spring Festival? 22.How do you get on well with your roommates? 23.Someone says“to be a class leader will affect one's study results”,what's your opinions about it?
24.Speak out your ideas of smoking in public places.25.When you are faced with a difficult problem,how do you solve it? 26.Do you think it is necessary to be unique? 27.When you are misunderstood by your parents , what will you do? 28.How do you make best use of your college life? 29.Is money all powerful? 30.what is your weakness?
第三篇:英語演講比賽題目
第六屆英語演講比賽翻譯題目
1、When she had been searching for half an hour, she came across a shop that was selling inexpensive but beautiful umbrellas.她尋找了半個小時之后遇到了一家賣既便宜又漂亮的傘的店鋪。
2、As I’ve said before, nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the chance of a lifetime.正如我以前所說的,任何人都不應(yīng)該中途退學(xué)除非他們認為他們正面臨一個千載難逢的機會。
3、I received many beautiful gifts at one time when I celebrated my birthday last year.去年過生日的時候,我一次就收到許多漂亮的禮物。
4、Gifts are usually given during special holidays, or on occasions to show thanks for special invitations.送禮一般都是在過節(jié)的時候,有時也可以為了感謝別人對你的邀請。
5、When you want wisdom and knowledge as badly as you wanted to breathe, then you will have them.當我們渴望知識就如同渴望呼吸一樣,那么就能擁有它們。
6、His conversations with the lady at the other end of the telephone line brought him an unusual fridendship he could never forget.他和電話另一端的女士的談話帶給他終身難忘的不尋常的友誼。
7、You should learn with other people, ask questions, try out ideas and have a way to test your ability.你們應(yīng)該找其他人跟你一起學(xué)習(xí),提出問題,驗證想法,找到檢驗?zāi)悴拍艿耐緩健?/p>
8、Flowers are good, but remember: roses are for personal relationship, so don’t give rose to the wrong people.鮮花也是不錯的禮物,但要記住玫瑰花是很親密的人之間才會送的禮物,所以不要送錯對象。
9、High school and college offers you the best chance to learn many things and to do projects with others that teach you about team spirit.中學(xué)和大學(xué)提供了一個最好的機會,你可以學(xué)習(xí)不同的知識,可以與他人合作做項目從而培養(yǎng)你的團隊精神。
10、You can give the hose a bottle of wine as a gift only when you know that the host drinks wine.只有在知道主人喝酒的情況下,你才能送他一瓶酒。
11、They want to know what do study, or whether it’s ok to drop out of college since that’s what I did.他們想知道該學(xué)些什么,是不是可以在大學(xué)階段中途退學(xué),因為我就是沒讀完大學(xué)就輟學(xué)的。
12、When you arrive at a party, you may present your gift to the host once the introducitons are made.到達宴會與主人見過面后即可呈上禮物。
13、Soon I discovered that somewhere inside that wonderful device lived an amazing person----her name was “Informaiton Please” and there was
nothing she did not know.不久,我就發(fā)現(xiàn)那個奇妙的裝置里住著一個神奇的人------她的名字叫“請接查詢臺”,她簡直無所不曉。
14、I wonder if you have any idea how much you meant to me during all that time…
我在想,你知不知道在那一段日子里你對于我又多么重要。
15、Information Please belonged to the old home, and I never thought of trying the new phone on a small table in the hall.“請接查詢臺”屬于舊屋的記憶,我從來都沒想到要用新居里小桌上的那臺新電話撥打查詢臺。
第四篇:會話合作原則與英語演講比賽的回答提問環(huán)節(jié)分析
【摘要】本文以格萊斯的會話合作理論為指導(dǎo),以實證研究的方法分析了一次演講比賽中回答評委提問環(huán)節(jié)得分最高和最低的兩位選手的語料,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出要想提高學(xué)生的口語技能和實際運用語言進行交際的能力,有必要傳授一定的語用知識。【關(guān)鍵詞】會話合作原則
回答提問
語用知識
研究背景
格萊斯(Grice)的會話含意理論是理解自然語言的一種學(xué)說,這個理論提出語言交際的雙方都有相互合作、求得交際成功的愿望,因此,談話的參與者必須遵守一些諸如真實、充分、關(guān)聯(lián)、清楚等原則和準則。這就是“合作原則”(Cooperative Principle)。如果說話的一方在表面違背了合作原則,那么他很有可能是故意為之。聽話者就得根據(jù)當時語境對原話加以推斷,找到說話者故意違反合作原則的目的也就等于真正明白了對方話中隱含的意義。格萊斯把這種在言語交際過程中推導(dǎo)得到的隱含意義稱為“會話含意”(conversational implica-ture)(何自然,1997:49)。
格萊斯在提到合作原則及其四條準則的相關(guān)表述時全部使用了祈使句,所以有人認為這些準則是規(guī)范性的,它們是在告訴實施會話交際的雙方該如何進行會話交際才能獲得成功。這種觀點常會被認為是對會話理論的誤讀。胡壯麟就曾指出:有關(guān)合作原則及其四條準則的表述用的都是祈使句,這使很多讀者誤認為它們是規(guī)范性的:告訴說話人應(yīng)該怎樣做。而事實上CP意圖描寫會話中實際發(fā)生的事(胡壯麟,2002:198)。但是,國內(nèi)有少數(shù)研究者還是從CP的規(guī)范性角度進行了一定的探究,如梁潤生,白海瑜(2006)。相比之下,此方面國內(nèi)的實證研究同大量的有關(guān)會話含意的理論探討研究相比則顯得非常薄弱,所以作者希望從新的角度用實證研究的方法來研究該原則,在實際生活中嘗試利用它來分析一些會話的語料。這些會話處于特殊的語境之中,但有些會話因為遵守合作原則比較成功地達到交際的目的,同時有些會話卻因為無意識地違背了合作原則而導(dǎo)致交際的失敗。筆者所指的會話交際即英語演講比賽中非常重要的一個互動環(huán)節(jié),即選手回答評委提問的環(huán)節(jié)。時下國內(nèi)的一項重大賽事就是中央電視臺和外語教學(xué)與研究出版社聯(lián)合主辦的CCTV杯全國英語演講大賽。筆者輔導(dǎo)南京林業(yè)大學(xué)選手參加了江蘇省賽區(qū)總決賽的過程中觸發(fā)了利用合作原則分析選手回答提問的特殊語境下的會話語料的念頭。合作原則的四大準則
格萊斯提出的CP有四大準則(Maxims): 1)數(shù)量的準則(Quantity maxim);
a)使所說的話正好滿足當前交談所需要的信息;b)使所說的話不要多于需要的信息。2)質(zhì)量的準則(Qualitymaxim); a)不要說自知是虛假的話;b)不要說缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話。3)關(guān)系的準則(Relation maxim); 4)方式準則(Manner maxim); a)避免晦澀;b)避免歧義;c)要簡練;d)要有序。
該原則的前三條規(guī)定了人們?yōu)榱藢崿F(xiàn)成功交際應(yīng)該“說什么”,第四條則有關(guān)“怎么說”。如果交談雙方都遵守該原則就能使交流順利進行;如有違反原則的現(xiàn)象,則應(yīng)視情況而論:是說者故意違反另有含意?或是說話人缺乏語用知識,無意識犯的錯誤? 研究設(shè)計和實施過程
本次研究采用先全程錄像再結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)寫進行分析的方法。筆者錄下了校內(nèi)一場選拔賽的決賽過程。參賽選手共十名,四男六女。最終轉(zhuǎn)寫的是回答評委提問得分最高和最低的兩位選手的回答提問環(huán)節(jié)的對話部分。評委們給選手此環(huán)節(jié)評分的標準參照CCTV杯全國英語演講大賽正式比賽的標準:簡練,精確,相關(guān),生動,可信,邏輯性強,不能避重就輕,不能背誦已經(jīng)準備好的答案(李朋義,2003:5)。我們可看出該標準基本體現(xiàn)了會話合作原則的四個準則(見圖)。按照收到的分數(shù)統(tǒng)計單確認研究對象為得分最高的Tom和最低的Mary,根據(jù)錄像將他們的回答提問環(huán)節(jié)進行了文字轉(zhuǎn)寫。
分析和歸納
比賽的定題演講題目是“The greatest I’ve got from my col-lege life”。Tom的演講主要是圍繞他在大學(xué)生活中學(xué)會獨立生活展開的。
針對他的演講,評委提問:Why do you think it isvery important to learn to be independent on campus? Tom的回答是:in my opinion,most Chinese students live with their parentsbefore theygotocollege.Their parents take good care of the chil-dren’s life.They hope the children need not bother to think abouttheir daily life necessities and put their heart and soul into theirstudy.But this will lead to the children’s inability to solve practi-cal problems on their own.Take me as an example,I never washedany clothes,and I did not knowhowto manage my money.At thebeginning ofmy college life,I often spent my money very casually.SoI was out ofmoney before the end of the month.However,aftera semester’s living on campus,nowI’m very proud of myself for Ican live independently here.I can wash my socks clean andsweet;I can find my things in their fixed places and money is nolonger a problem.So,to those who don’t know how to take goodcare of their lives I think independence really is very important.That’s all.Thank you.從該回答來看,評委的高分給得比較合理。我們試用CP來分析這段回答。
首先,評委的提問是尋求原因的。Tom的回答滿足了當前的交際需求,解釋了他所持觀點的理由:大學(xué)生在上大學(xué)前大多和父母生活在一起,父母親為了讓自己的孩子投入學(xué)習(xí),所以不讓孩子操心家庭瑣事,衣食住行全部由父母包辦,結(jié)果導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們不知道如何解決生活中的實際問題。所以,在大學(xué)有機會學(xué)會獨立生活,擁有能夠獨立生活的能力對這類學(xué)生當然非常重要。并且,Tom所說的話沒有多于需要的信息,全部是解釋原因的。從這點看來,他的回答遵守了數(shù)量準則。
其次,根據(jù)目前的社會現(xiàn)實,Tom所說的話比較可信,大學(xué)生的獨立精神和自理能力的確非常重要,亟需鍛煉。他本人是眾多大學(xué)生的縮影,以自己為例比較有說服力,基本遵守了質(zhì)量準則。
再者,Tom的話緊扣評委的提問,切中要點,充分解釋了自己觀點的原因,所以是高度相關(guān)的。最后,該選手的表達清晰,不會導(dǎo)致歧義的產(chǎn)生,而且簡練有序:從問題產(chǎn)生的原因———父母包辦生活———到以自己的親身經(jīng)歷為例,較好地遵守了方式準則。從格賴斯的會話合作原則來看該回答是令人滿意的,是在演講比賽這樣的特殊語境下的一次成功交際。Mary的定題演講主要是圍繞她在大學(xué)校園積極參與各項活動改善自我展開的。
評委給的問題是:What is the most im-portant thing that you have got from those activities since you justnamed a lot ofadvantages oftakingan active part in school activi-ties? Mary回答如下:Ok.I took an active part in activities andlearned a lot.I alsomade some newfriends.Well...Well...You knowJack?Jack is my newfriend.He is humorous and very kind to me.He comes fromSuzhou but he looks verystrongand healthy.We alllike himverymuch.And,and,and I’ve learned a lot fromhim.Heis good at English.We go to English corner together and we got toknoweach other there.I alsoimproved myspeakingEnglish and bebrave tocome here.I amveryglad tobe here and nomatter I win ornot I amsatisfying.And,and thank you verymuch.從Mary的回答來看:
首先它不能滿足當前交際的需要,評委的問題沒有被直接回答。在開頭部分看似有個論點:我學(xué)到很多,交了很多朋友。但學(xué)了什么沒點明;而朋友部分過多介紹Jack的情況。最后提到自己改善了口語,不論輸贏都滿意。這點離題太遠,多于目前交流所需的信息,所以違背了數(shù)量和關(guān)系準則。
其次,她的話關(guān)于Jack的描述多為自己的個人看法,并沒有相應(yīng)的論據(jù)。如她說Jack很幽默,英語好等等,僅說說而已,并無證明,這又違背了質(zhì)量準則。
再者,她的回答太多偏離主題內(nèi)容,尤其是關(guān)于Jack的描述和她從參加校園活動中得到的收獲直接關(guān)系不明顯。而且,關(guān)于自己此次參賽的得獎與否的看法也偏離主題,關(guān)聯(lián)性不大,嚴重違反了關(guān)系準則。
最后,在方式準則方面,她的回答倒是很容易聽懂,沒有歧義,可惜不夠簡練,邏輯性不強,從交的某個朋友談到參賽心得,思維過于跳躍,違反了簡練和有序的要求。該研究的啟示
根據(jù)正在試行的《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》,大學(xué)英語的教學(xué)目標是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力,特別是聽說能力,使他們在今后的工作和社會交往中能用英語有效地進行口頭和書面的信息交流(《大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求》(試行),2004:1)。開展口語教學(xué),鼓勵參加諸如“CCTV杯”全國英語演講大賽都是為了激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣,提高他們的英語水平,特別是英語口語技能和實際應(yīng)用方面的能力,以進一步滿足我國日益擴大的國際交往需要。在日常的口語教學(xué)和對參加各類演講比賽的選手進行輔導(dǎo)的過程中,我們不僅僅要關(guān)注學(xué)生的語音語調(diào),學(xué)生的快速思維,學(xué)生的交流內(nèi)容,我們還得培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語用意識,讓他們知道用何種方式與人交談能最好地達到交流的目的,在談話的質(zhì)、量及談話的關(guān)聯(lián)性等方面該注意些什么。直接傳授相關(guān)的語用知識是一種可行的方法,再輔以一些學(xué)生演講比賽時研究者收集的語料分析估計教學(xué)效果會比較令人滿意。同時,這次小小的實證研究也給國內(nèi)方興未艾的語料庫研究一定的啟示。二語習(xí)得研究已從對教學(xué)者的關(guān)注轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)W(xué)習(xí)者的關(guān)注,學(xué)習(xí)者的語言早已經(jīng)是研究者特別注意的研究對象,對英語專業(yè)和非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生的口語、寫作及翻譯作業(yè)等等都有相應(yīng)的語料庫已經(jīng)被建設(shè)或者正在籌建。筆者在嘗試這次研究后認為我們不妨建設(shè)一個演講比賽的語料庫。當然,參加大型比賽的都是英語學(xué)習(xí)的佼佼者,如單一地建立他們的語料庫不能代表多數(shù)學(xué)生的口語水平,筆者這次錄像的是院、校級的選拔賽,選手水平的參差不平正好保證了語料的豐富性。當然,筆者對語料庫的建設(shè)及研究沒有非常深入的了解,只是希望本次研究能對未來的口語教學(xué)及對演講比賽選手的培訓(xùn)有所啟示。參考文獻: [1]何自然.語用學(xué)與英語學(xué)習(xí)[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,1997:49.[2]胡壯麟.語言學(xué)教程[M].北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,2002:197-198.[3]梁潤生,白海瑜.合作原則和禮貌原則在口語教學(xué)中的運用[J].教育與職業(yè),2006,23:146-147.[4]李朋義.CCTV杯全國英語演講大賽2003年[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2003.[5]教育部高等教育司.大學(xué)英語課程教學(xué)要求(試行)[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2004:1.
第五篇:英語演講比賽題目
1.what do you think the best job is the world is and why? 2.what will schools be like in 2050? 3.if you have the chance to go to a foreign country, where do you want to go? why? 4.if you have the chance to choose, do you want to be a boy or a girl? why? 5.will you make friends with those students who are poor at study? 6.should students take a cell phone to school? why ? 7.how much time do you spend reading? 8.if you could make a robot, what would you get him to do for you? 9.do you watch tv or listen to music while you are doing your homework? why(not)? 10.what will do to make yourself feel better when you are unhappy? 11.susan is shy and never talks much.please giver her some advice to make her outgoing.12.if you have lots of money, what will you do first? 13.do you think that english is a difficult language to learn? 14.do you think that parents and children can be good friends? 15.do you often get together with your classmates after class? 16.what are some of the benefits of eating home-cooked food? 17.do you have a nickname? why do you have this nickname? 18.if a foreign friend called you and asked for some advice on studying chinese, what would you say? 19.as an ordinary person, what kind of special ability would you like to have? 20.tom is a middle school student.he is very busy with his studies, and often has no time to eat breakfast.do you think this is a good thing? what?ˉs your advice for tom? 21.what?ˉs your favorite cartoon character? why do you like it? 22.we encounter many teachers in our life, what kink of teacher do you consider to be a good teacher? 23.if you get very bad marks on a test, what will you say to your parents? 24.if, during class, you notice that the teacher has made a mistake, what will you do? 25.do you prefer to borrow books or buy them to read? 26.are you willing to make friends with students from poor areas? why(not)? 27.do you like to make friends with boys who tend to cry? why? 28.if a friend of your told you that he or she wanted to run away from home, what would you do? 29.what sorts of things make you happy? 30.what do you enjoy writing most? 32.how important is english to you? 33.what is the most important thing that you can learn from your classmates? 34.what?ˉs you opinion about some middle school students having boyfriends or girlfriends? 35.what do you plan to study in the future? 36.aside from english, what other foreign language do you want to learn? why ? 37.what will you do if you fail an exam? why? 38.if you were the headmaster, what major changes would you like to make to your school? 39.imagine you have a classmate who can?ˉt keep on studying at school because he is poor, how would you help him? 40.do you believe that bike is a good solution to the traffic problems in big cities? 41.do you have any special plans for the next summer vacation? 42.would you like to travel during the golden weeks? why(not)? 43.what would happen if there were no holidays in our lives? 44.what is the most memorable festival in your life? please tell us something about it.45.if food important for most of the traditional chinese festivals? why(not)? 46.who?ˉs your favorite athlete in china? why? 47.if you are in trouble, whom would you go to for help? why? why? 49.studying abroad or studying in china, which is better? 50.which is better for a middle school student, living in a school dormitory or living at home? 51.do you like teachers who wear fashionable clothes? why? 52.do you think it is a good way for someone to be well-known at an early age, for example, those child stars? 53.if one day, there was no electricity, how would you spend the day? 54.if your mother was very talkative, how would you handle this? 55.do you think it is important to do everything by yourself? 56.if you had a mission which is seemingly impossible, would you still try to achieve it? and if you would, how would you do it??a?t£oó¢ó??Y?2±èèü?D?′D??Y?2ìa??1 ó¢ó??Y?2±èèü?D?′D??Y?2ìa?? 1.how do you think ant tribe(ò?×?)should go to smaller cities? 3.should university student start their own business as soon as they graduate from universities? 4.do you agree or disagree with the following statement? married couples have a better life without children? 5.what do you think is more important for a child, a happy childhood or top marks at school? 6.do you think big cities need more public transport instead of more private cars? 7.do you agree or disagree with the following statement? parents are the best teachers.i couldn?ˉt agree more with the statement.parents are the best teachers.take my parents for example, they are not only my parents, but also my friends and teachers.i spent most of the time with my parents before i go to college, and i surely learn a lot from my parents in everyday?ˉs life.when i was a child, they teach me like how to walk, how to dress up, how to be a honest people and how to tell right from wrong.as i grow older, they teach me how to manage my money, how to make friends, how to study, how to make decisions, and so on.i like to take my parents?ˉ advice into consideration.and it always works.overall, in my eyes, parents are the most intimate people to us.they will teach us all they know when we need it.they will not hide anything from us.what?ˉs more, parents are the people who know us the most, therefore, advice and suggestions from our parents are the most pertinent and valuable.8.some people believe that university students should be required to attend classes.others believe that going to classes should be optional for students.which point of view do you agree with? 9.is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? apart from the negative effects above, what about the positive side of saving money for future use? first, saving money for future use can help us earn more money by investing money into like stock market and fixed estate.secondly, saving money for future use can ensure we have good lives after retirement.finally, saving money can probably help those in bad need for money.10.the expression never, never give up means to keep trying and never stop working for your goals.do you agree or disagree with this statement? nothing is difficult if you put your heart on it.nothing is easy if you don?ˉt try your best.when someone say never, never give up, he means that he will keep trying and never stop working for his goal no matter how many times he fails.if we give up too early, we will rarely achieve anything.it is not unusual for us to fail in our first attempt at something new, so we should not feel discouraged and should try again.besides, if we always give up when we fail, we will not be able to develop new skills.another reason we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make a new effort.if we do not try again, the lesson we have learned is wasted.now i want to quote hillary clintons words to end my speech.she says, always aim high , work hard ,and care deeply about what you believe in, and when you stumble ,keep faith, when youre knocked down, get right back up and never listen to anyone who says you cant or shouldnt go on and never, never give up.11.do you agree or disagree with the following statement? a person should never make an important decision alone.of course a person should never make an important decision alone, important suggestions to help you make decision.because only yourself knowing exactly what you want.?aèy£oμú???ìè?1ú′ó?§éúó¢ó??Y?2èüìa?? μú???ìè?1ú′ó?§éúó¢ó??Y?2èüìa?? 1£?how to behave when applying for a job£? 2£?i am proud of being chinese 3£?happy is he who is content 4£?how to make our campus life more meaningful£? 5£?no imagination£?no invention 6£?what is happiness£? 7£?knowledge is power 8£?the importance of being creative 9£?all roads lead to rome 10£?knowledge and ability 11£?loyalty 23£?how to carry out the quality education£? 24£?what the world will look like in ten years£? 25£?how can you achieve pure friendship£? vigor vigour glamour 27£?is world peace possible£? 28£?how can we preserve our traditional culture£? 29£?in face of success 30£?how can we protect wildlife£? 31£?what will wto bring us£? 34£?united we stand£?divided we fall 35£?money can not buy everything 36£?actions speak louder than words 37£?what would you do with three wishes£? 38£?experience is the best teacher 39£?english as a global language 40£?a friend in need is a friend indeed 41£?is the spoken english test necessary£? 42£?health and wealth 43£?where theres a will there is a way 44£?no pains£?no gains 45£?haste makes waste 46£?practice makes perfect 47£?responsibilities college students should undertake 48£?what do i study for£? 49£?the value of moral education 50£?the importance of reading extensively òa?ó£o 1.×???ìa?? 2.×??oíê3é£?μ??éò?2???????2?á?£?±?D?±ê?÷3?′|?£ 3.ìá?°ò??ü?????òéó2é?£