第一篇：TED英語演講稿：解密愛情與出軌

I'd like to talk today about the two biggest social trends in the coming century, and perhaps in the next 10,000 years.But I want to start with my work on romantic love, because that's my most recent work.What I and my colleagues did was put 32 people, who were madly in love, into a functional MRI brain scanner.17 who were madly in love and their love was accepted;and 15 who were madly in love and they had just been dumped.And so I want to tell you about that first, and then go on into where I think love is going.“What 'tis to love?” Shakespeare said.I think our ancestors--I think human beings have been wondering about this question since they sat around their campfires or lay and watched the stars a million years ago.I started out by trying to figure out what romantic love was by looking at the last 45 years of research on--just the psychological research--and as it turns out, there's a very specific group of things that happen when you fall in love.The first thing that happens is what I call--a person begins to take on what I call, “special meaning.” As a truck driver once said to me, he said, “The world had a new center, and that center was Mary Anne.”

George Bernard Shaw said it a little differently.He said, “Love consists of overestimating the differences between one woman and another.” And indeed, that's what we do.(Laughter)And then you just focus on this person.You can list what you don't like about them, but then you sweep that aside and focus on what you do.As Chaucer said, “Love is blind.”

In trying to understand romantic love, I decided I would read poetry from all over the world, and I just want to give you one very short poem from eighth-century China, because it's an almost perfect example of a man who is focused totally on a particular woman.It's a little bit like when you are madly in love with somebody and you walk into a parking lot--their car is different from every other car in the parking lot.Their wine glass at dinner is different from every other wine glass at the dinner party.And in this case, a man got hooked on a bamboo sleeping mat.And it goes like this.It's by a guy called Yuan Chen: “I cannot bear to put away the bamboo sleeping mat.The night I brought you home, I watched you roll it out.” He became hooked on a sleeping mat, probably because of elevated activity of dopamine in his brain, just like with you and me.But anyway, not only does this person take on special meaning, you focus your attention on them.You aggrandize them.But you have intense energy.As one polynesian said, he said, “I felt like jumping in the sky.” You're up all night.You're walking till dawn.You feel intense elation when things are going well;mood swings into horrible despair when things are going poorly.Real dependence on this person.As one businessman in New York said to me, he said, “Anything she liked, I liked.” Simple.Romantic love is very simple.You become extremely sexually possessive.You know, if you're just sleeping with somebody casually, you don't really care if they're sleeping with somebody else.But the moment you fall in love, you become extremely sexually possessive of them.I think that that is a Darwinian--there's a Darwinian purpose to this.The whole point of this is to pull two people together strongly enough to begin to rear babies as a team.But the main characteristics of romantic love are craving: an intense craving to be with a particular person, not just sexually, but emotionally.You'd much rather--it would be nice to go to bed with them, but you want them to call you on the telephone, to invite you out, etc., to tell you that they love you.The other main characteristic is motivation.The motor in your brain begins to crank, and you want this person.And last but not least, it is an obsession.When I put these people in the machine, before I put them in the MRI machine, I would ask them all kinds of questions.But my most important question was always the same.It was: “What percentage of the day and night do you think about this person?” And indeed, they would say, “All day.All night.I can never stop thinking about him or her.”

And then, the very last question I would ask them--I would always have to work myself up to this question, because I am not a psychologist.I don't work with people in any kind of traumatic situation.And my final question was always the same.I would say, “Would you die for him or her?” And, indeed, these people would say “Yes!” as if I had asked them to pass the salt.I was just staggered by it.So we scanned their brains, looking at a photograph of their sweetheart and looking at a neutral photograph, with a distraction task in between.So we could look at the same brain when it was in that heightened state and when it was in a resting state.And we found activity in a lot of brain regions.In fact, one of the most important was a brain region that becomes active when you feel the rush of cocaine.And indeed, that's exactly what happens.I began to realize that romantic love is not an emotion.In fact, I had always thought it was a series of emotions, from very high to very low.But actually, it's a drive.It comes from the motor of the mind, the wanting part of the mind, the craving part of the mind.The kind of mind--part of the mind--when you're reaching for that piece of chocolate, when you want to win that promotion at work.The motor of the brain.It's a drive.And in fact, I think it's more powerful than the sex drive.You know, if you ask somebody to go to bed with you, and they say, “No, thank you,” you certainly don't kill yourself or slip into a clinical depression.But certainly, around the world, people who are rejected in love will kill for it.people live for love.They kill for love.They die for love.They have songs, poems, novels, sculptures, paintings, myths, legends.In over 175 societies, people have left their evidence of this powerful brain system.I have come to think it's one of the most powerful brain systems on earth for both great joy and great sorrow.And I've also come to think that it's one of three basically different brain systems that evolved from mating and reproduction.One is the sex drive: the craving for sexual gratification.W.H.Auden called it an “intolerable neural itch,” and indeed, that's what it is.It keeps bothering you a little bit, like being hungry.The second of these three brain systems is romantic love: that elation, obsession of early love.And the third brain system is attachment: that sense of calm and security you can feel for a long-term partner.And I think that the sex drive evolved to get you out there, looking for a whole range of partners.You know, you can feel it when you're just driving along in your car.It can be focused on nobody.I think romantic love evolved to enable you to focus your mating energy on just one individual at a time, thereby conserving mating time and energy.And I think that attachment, the third brain system, evolved to enable you to tolerate this human being--(Laughter)--at least long enough to raise a child together as a team.So with that preamble, I want to go into discussing the two most profound social trends.One of the last 10,000 years and the other, certainly of the last 25 years, that are going to have an impact on these three different brain systems: lust, romantic love and deep attachment to a partner.The first is women working, moving into the workforce.I've looked at 130 societies through the demographic yearbooks of the United Nations.And everywhere in the world, 129 out of 130 of them, women are not only moving into the job market--sometimes very, very slowly, but they are moving into the job market--and they are very slowly closing that gap between men and women in terms of economic power, health and education.It's very slow.For every trend on this planet, there's a counter-trend.We all know of them, but nevertheless--the Arabs say, “The dogs may bark, but the caravan moves on.” And, indeed, that caravan is moving on.Women are moving back into the job market.And I say back into the job market, because this is not new.For millions of years, on the grasslands of Africa, women commuted to work to gather their vegetables.They came home with 60 to 80 percent of the evening meal.The double income family was the standard.And women were regarded as just as economically, socially and sexually powerful as men.In short, we're really moving forward to the past.Then, women's worst invention was the plow.With the beginning of plow agriculture, men's roles became extremely powerful.Women lost their ancient jobs as collectors, but then with the industrial revolution and the post-industrial revolution they're moving back into the job market.In short, they are acquiring the status that they had a million years ago, 10,000 years ago, 100,000 years ago.We are seeing now one of the most remarkable traditions in the history of the human animal.And it's going to have an impact.I generally give a whole lecture on the impact of women on the business community.I'll only just say a couple of things, and then go on to sex and love.There's a lot of gender differences;anybody who thinks men and women are alike simply never had a boy and a girl child.I don't know why it is that they want to think that men and women are alike.There's much we have in common, but there's a whole lot that we do not have in common.We are--in the words of Ted Hughes, “I think that we were built to be--we're like two feet.We need each other to get ahead.” But we did not evolve to have the same brain.And we're finding more and more and more gender differences in the brain.I'll only just use a couple and then move on to sex and love.One of them is women's verbal ability.Women can talk.Women's ability to find the right word rapidly, basic articulation goes up in the middle of the menstrual cycle, when estrogen levels peak.But even at menstruation, they're better than the average man.Women can talk.They've been doing it for a million years;words were women's tools.They held that baby in front of their face, cajoling it, reprimanding it, educating it with words.And, indeed, they're becoming a very powerful force.Even in places like India and Japan, where women are not moving rapidly into the regular job market, they're moving into journalism.And I think that the television is like the global campfire.We sit around it and it shapes our minds.Almost always, when I'm on TV, the producers who call me, who negotiate what we're going to say, is a woman.In fact, Solzhenitsyn once said, “To have a great writer is to have another government.”

Today 54 percent of people who are writers in America are women.It's one of many, many characteristics that women have that they will bring into the job market.They've got incredible people skills, negotiating skills.They're highly imaginative.We now know the brain circuitry of imagination, of long-term planning.They tend to be web thinkers.Because the female parts of the brain are better connected, they tend to collect more pieces of data when they think, put them into more complex patterns, see more options and outcomes.They tend to be contextual, holistic thinkers, what I call web thinkers.Men tend to--and these are averages--tend to get rid of what they regard as extraneous, focus on what they do, and move in a more step-by-step thinking pattern.They're both perfectly good ways of thinking.We need both of them to get ahead.In fact, there's many more male geniuses in the world.When the--and there's also many more male idiots in the world.(Laughter)When the male brain works well, it works extremely well.And what I really think that we're doing is, we're moving towards a collaborative society, a society in which the talents of both men and women are becoming understood and valued and employed.But in fact, women moving into the job market is having a huge impact on sex and romance and family life.Foremost, women are starting to express their sexuality.I'm always astonished when people come to me and say, “Why is it that men are so adulterous?” And I say, “Why do you think more men are adulterous than women?” “Oh, well--men are more adulterous!” And I say, “Who do you think these men are sleeping with?” And--basic math!(Laughter)

Anyway.In the Western world, women start sooner at sex, have more partners, express less remorse for the partners that they do, marry later, have fewer children, leave bad marriages in order to get good ones.We are seeing the rise of female sexual expression.And, indeed, once again we're moving forward to the kind of sexual expression that we probably saw on the grasslands of Africa a million years ago, because this is the kind of sexual expression that we see in hunting and gathering societies today.We're also returning to an ancient form of marriage equality.They're now saying that the 21st century is going to be the century of what they call the “symmetrical marriage,” or the “pure marriage,” or the “companionate marriage.” This is a marriage between equals, moving forward to a pattern that is highly compatible with the ancient human spirit.We're also seeing a rise of romantic love.91 percent of American women and 86 percent of American men would not marry somebody who had every single quality they were looking for in a partner, if they were not in love with that person.people around the world, in a study of 37 societies, want to be in love with the person that they marry.Indeed, arranged marriages are on their way off this braid of human life.I even think that marriages might even become more stable because of the second great world trend.The first one being women moving into the job market, the second one being the aging world population.They're now saying that in America, that middle age should be regarded as up to age 85.Because in that highest age category of 76 to 85, as much as 40 percent of people have nothing really wrong with them.So we're seeing there's a real extension of middle age.And I looked--for one of my books, I looked at divorce data in 58 societies.And as it turns out, the older you get, the less likely you are to divorce.So the divorce rate right now is stable in America, and it's actually beginning to decline.It may decline some more.I would even say that with Viagra, estrogen replacement, hip replacements and the incredibly interesting women--women have never been as interesting as they are now.Not at any time on this planet have women been so educated, so interesting, so capable.And so I honestly think that if there really was ever a time in human evolution when we have the opportunity to make good marriages, that time is now.However, there's always kinds of complications in this.In these three brain systems: lust, romantic love and attachment--don't always go together.They can go together, by the way.That's why casual sex isn't so casual.With orgasm you get a spike of dopamine.Dopamine's associated with romantic love, and you can just fall in love with somebody who you're just having casual sex with.With orgasm, then you get a real rush of oxytocin and vasopressin--those are associated with attachment.This is why you can feel such a sense of cosmic union with somebody after you've made love to them.But these three brain systems: lust, romantic love and attachment, aren't always connected to each other.You can feel deep attachment to a long-term partner while you feel intense romantic love for somebody else, while you feel the sex drive for people unrelated to these other partners.In short, we're capable of loving more than one person at a time.In fact, you can lie in bed at night and swing from deep feelings of attachment for one person to deep feelings of romantic love for somebody else.It's as if there's a committee meeting going on in your head as you are trying to decide what to do.So I don't think, honestly, we're an animal that was built to be happy;we are an animal that was built to reproduce.I think the happiness we find, we make.And I think, however, we can make good relationships with each other.So I want to conclude with two things.I want to conclude with a worry--I have a worry--and with a wonderful story.The worry is about antidepressants.Over 100 million prescriptions of antidepressants are written every year in the United States.And these drugs are going generic.They are seeping around the world.I know one girl who's been on these antidepressants, serotonin-enhancing--SSRI, serotonin-enhancing antidepressants--since she was 13.She's 23.She's been on them ever since she was 13.I've got nothing against people who take them short term, when they're going through something perfectly horrible.They want to commit suicide or kill somebody else.I would recommend it.But more and more people in the United States are taking them long term.And indeed, what these drugs do is raise levels of serotonin.And by raising levels of serotonin, you suppress the dopamine circuit.Everybody knows that.Dopamine is associated with romantic love.Not only do they suppress the dopamine circuit, but they kill the sex drive.And when you kill the sex drive, you kill orgasm.And when you kill orgasm, you kill that flood of drugs associated with attachment.The things are connected in the brain.And when you tamper with one brain system, you're going to tamper with another.I'm just simply saying that a world without love is a deadly place.So now--(Applause)--thank you.I want to end with a story.And then, just a comment.I've been studying romantic love and sex and attachment for 30 years.I'm an identical twin;I am interested in why we're all alike.Why you and I are alike, why the Iraqis and the Japanese and the Australian Aborigines and the people of the Amazon River are all alike.And about a year ago, an Internet dating service, Match.com, came to me and asked me if I would design a new dating site for them.I said, “I don't know anything about personality.You know? I don't know.Do you think you've got the right person?” They said, “Yes.” It got me thinking about why it is that you fall in love with one person rather than another.That's my current project;it will be my next book.There's all kinds of reasons that you fall in love with one person rather than another.Timing is important.proximity is important.Mystery is important.You fall in love with somebody who's somewhat mysterious, in part because mystery elevates dopamine in the brain, probably pushes you over that threshold to fall in love.You fall in love with somebody who fits within what I call your “l(fā)ove map,” an unconscious list of traits that you build in childhood as you grow up.And I also think that you gravitate to certain people, actually, with somewhat complementary brain systems.And that's what I'm now contributing to this.But I want to tell you a story about--to illustrate.I've been carrying on here about the biology of love.I wanted to show you a little bit about the culture of it, too--the magic of it.It's a story that was told to me by somebody who had heard it just from one of the--probably a true story.It was a graduate student at--I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues--Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook.That's where we put our people in the MRI machine.And this graduate student was madly in love with another graduate student, and she was not in love with him.And they were all at a conference in Beijing.And he knew from our work that if you go and do something very novel with somebody, you can drive up the dopamine in the brain, and perhaps trigger this brain system for romantic love.(Laughter)So he decided he'd put science to work, and he invited this girl to go off on a rickshaw ride with him.And sure enough--I've never been in one, but apparently they go all around the buses and the trucks and it's crazy and it's noisy and it's exciting.And he figured that this would drive up the dopamine, and she would fall in love with him.So off they go and she's squealing and squeezing him and laughing and having a wonderful time.An hour later they get down off of the rickshaw, and she throws her hands up and she says, “Wasn't that wonderful?” And, “Wasn't that rickshaw driver handsome!”(Laughter)(Applause)

There's magic to love!But I will end by saying that millions of years ago, we evolved three basic drives: the sex drive, romantic love and attachment to a long-term partner.These circuits are deeply embedded in the human brain.They're going to survive as long as our species survives on what Shakespeare called “this mortal coil.” Thank you.(Applause)

【中文翻譯】

我今天要講倆個(gè)下世紀(jì)的大趨勢 也很有可能是未來10,000年的趨勢 但是，我想首先從我對愛情的研究講起 因?yàn)檫@是我最近的工作。我和我的同事對32個(gè)深陷愛情中的人 進(jìn)行了功能性核磁共振大腦掃描 這些人中的17個(gè)人獲取了異性的芳心 其他的15個(gè)人則剛剛被甩 所以我想先講一下這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn) 然后是我對愛情的理解

莎士比亞曾經(jīng)問道：“愛情是什么?” 我想我們的祖先對這個(gè)問題的困惑 從一百萬年前他們圍坐在篝火邊或者躺著看星星時(shí)就開始了 為了找到浪漫愛情的內(nèi)涵 我翻閱了45年來心理學(xué)方面的研究成果 發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們陷入愛情的時(shí)候會發(fā)生一些特殊的現(xiàn)象 首先會發(fā)生的是 另一個(gè)人開始被賦予了“特殊意義” 就像一個(gè)卡車司機(jī)曾經(jīng)對我說 我的世界有了一個(gè)新的中心，那就是Mary Anne

而蕭伯納用不同的方式表達(dá)了同樣的意思 他說，愛情中的人會夸大一個(gè)女人和另外一個(gè)女人的差別 而事實(shí)也確實(shí)是這樣的。(笑聲)然后你就會把全部的關(guān)注放在這個(gè)人身上 雖然你也可以列出你不喜歡他/她的地方 但對缺點(diǎn)馬上置之不理，然后全力去愛她/他 就像喬叟說的那樣，“愛情是盲目的”

為了理解浪漫愛情 我決定閱讀來自世界各地的詩歌 現(xiàn)在我想給你們讀一首寫于八世紀(jì)中國的小詩 因?yàn)樗鼛捉昝赖恼宫F(xiàn)了一個(gè)男人是怎樣全身心的關(guān)注一個(gè)女人 就像一個(gè)人瘋狂的愛上一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，這個(gè)人走進(jìn)停車場。他會覺得這個(gè)人的車與其他任何車都不一樣 這個(gè)人晚宴上的紅酒杯也和其他任何的酒杯不一樣 在這個(gè)故事里，一個(gè)男人迷上了一張竹席

這首詩是詩人元稹所寫的： 竹簟襯重茵，未忍都令卷。憶昨初來日，看君自施展 他之所以迷上一個(gè)竹席，可能跟你我一樣，因?yàn)轭^腦里的多巴胺增多而引起的反應(yīng)

但不管怎么說，不僅這個(gè)人對你來說有特殊的含義 你會全身心的關(guān)注他或她。你會對他/她極度的吹捧。而且你的精力旺盛異常 就像一個(gè)波利尼亞人說的那樣：“我覺得仿佛飛到了空中” 你會整晚都睡不著。你會一直走黎明 當(dāng)事情進(jìn)展順利的時(shí)候，你會覺得興高采烈 當(dāng)事情不順利的時(shí)候，你又會陷入極度的失望和恐慌。你完全依賴于這個(gè)人了 就像一個(gè)紐約的商人對我說的，“她喜歡的任何東西我都喜歡” 簡單，愛情就是那么簡單。

你會對性有極強(qiáng)的占有欲。你知道，如果你只是隨隨便便和一個(gè)人上床，你并不會在意他/她是否和其他人上床 但當(dāng)你陷入愛情的時(shí)候 你對性會有極強(qiáng)的占有欲 我想這種現(xiàn)象是遵循爾達(dá)文進(jìn)化論的，也促進(jìn)了人類的進(jìn)化 因?yàn)閻矍樽寖蓚€(gè)人緊緊綁在了一起，這種關(guān)系牢固到足以讓兩個(gè)人在一起生兒育女

但愛情最重要的特征是渴望 對某一個(gè)人，不僅是性上的，還包括感情上的渴望。當(dāng)然能和他/她同床共枕是很好的，但你更期待他/她會給你打電話，約你出去，等等 希望他告訴你他愛你 愛情另外一個(gè)主要的特征是動機(jī)。你已經(jīng)迫不及待的開始行動，你想得到這個(gè)人。

愛情的最后一個(gè)也是同樣重要的特征是癡迷 當(dāng)我讓他們進(jìn)入核磁共振機(jī)之前 我會問他們各種各樣的問題 但最重要的問題始終是一個(gè) “你一天之中有多少時(shí)間是在想念這個(gè)人的?” 他們會說，“整天整夜。從來沒停止過想念”

然后，我會問他們最后一個(gè)問題，我經(jīng)常會想方設(shè)法引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)セ卮疬@個(gè)問題 因?yàn)槲也皇且粋€(gè)心理學(xué)家 我沒法治愈人們心靈的創(chuàng)傷 這個(gè)最后的問題也始終是那一個(gè)： “你會為這個(gè)人去死嗎?” 這些人會說“會的!” 就好像我請他們把鹽遞給我那樣理所當(dāng)然 對這樣的回答，我感到很震驚。

我讓他們先看一幅愛人的照片，然后再讓他們看一幅不相關(guān)的照片，并監(jiān)測了他們大腦的活動 我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)同一個(gè)大腦在某一時(shí)刻達(dá)到最強(qiáng)烈的活動狀態(tài) 又在什么時(shí)候處于休息的狀態(tài) 我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)相當(dāng)多的大腦區(qū)域變得活躍 而事實(shí)上我們最關(guān)注的一個(gè)大腦區(qū)域 是那個(gè)讓你對可卡因感到渴求的大腦區(qū)域 而這正是人們看到愛人照片時(shí)的反應(yīng)

我開始意識到浪漫愛情并不僅僅是一種情緒 我曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為愛情就是一系列的情緒 從非常強(qiáng)烈到非常微弱的 但事實(shí)上，愛情是一種驅(qū)動力 它來自于心靈深處的動力 來自于我們內(nèi)心的欲望，一種強(qiáng)烈的愿望 這種動力，就像你想要得到那一塊巧克力一樣 就像你想要在工作中獲得晉升一樣 它在驅(qū)動我們的大腦活動，它是我們的驅(qū)動力

我認(rèn)為這種動力比性的動力更為的強(qiáng)大 當(dāng)你問別人是否愿意和你上床，如果這個(gè)人說“不” 你肯定不會因?yàn)檫@個(gè)自殺或是患上憂郁癥 但在全世界范圍內(nèi)，人們?nèi)绻粣劬芙^，就會為此而輕生 人們?yōu)閻鄱?，為愛而殺，為愛而?他們?yōu)閻蹌?chuàng)作了歌曲，詩歌，小說，雕塑，畫作，神話故事和傳奇 在超過175個(gè)社會里，人們都用不同的證據(jù)證明了這部分大腦組織是如此強(qiáng)大 讓人們大喜大悲 所以我認(rèn)為它是世上最強(qiáng)大的大腦組織

我認(rèn)為它是從最初的交配和繁殖 發(fā)展而來的最基本的三種不同的大腦組織。其中一種是性欲：對性的一種渴望。W.H.Auden稱之為：不能忍受的神經(jīng)性沖動 確實(shí)，它就是那樣的。它總是不停的煩擾著你，就像饑餓一樣。第二個(gè)就是浪漫的愛情： 那種讓人歡欣鼓舞，使人癡迷的情竇初開。那第三種就是依賴 那是一種從長期伴侶那里才能體會到的寧靜和安全。

我認(rèn)為就是對性的渴望使你 走出去從人群中尋找伴侶 你知道，在你開車的時(shí)候你可以感覺到它 它會使人魂不守舍 而浪漫愛情會使你專注 只與一個(gè)人發(fā)生關(guān)系 因此你儲蓄著交配的能量，等待著時(shí)機(jī) 而第三種大腦系統(tǒng)：依賴 則發(fā)展成使你能夠?qū)λ?她很忍耐(笑聲)。這種寬容至少可以幫你撐過撫養(yǎng)小孩的這段時(shí)間。

開場白之后，我要討論兩個(gè)最顯著的社會趨勢。其中一個(gè)產(chǎn)生于10000年前，另一個(gè)則是25年前，這兩種趨勢都對性欲，愛情，和依賴 這三種不同的腦系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生過影響。

第一個(gè)階段就是女人開始工作，成為勞動力的一部分。我查過聯(lián)合國的世界人口統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒中的130-150個(gè)國家 發(fā)現(xiàn)130個(gè)中有129個(gè)國家的女性在進(jìn)入勞動市場 過程可能比較緩慢的，但這個(gè)趨勢確定無疑 男性與女性之間 經(jīng)濟(jì)能力，健康和教育方面的距離正在縮小 這個(gè)過程同樣非常緩慢

對于地球上出現(xiàn)的每種趨勢，總會伴隨著一種阻力 對此，我們都很了解，但就像古老的阿拉伯諺語 所說的：“狗會叫吠，但是車隊(duì)仍在前行。” 事實(shí)上也的確如此，這一趨勢滾滾向前。女性正在重返勞動市場。我之所以說是重返，因?yàn)榕詣趧舆@事并不新鮮。在百萬年以來的非洲大地上，女性每天往返于牧場種植收割蔬菜。她們帶著60-80%的晚餐回到家 雙人收入的家庭才是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)家庭 同時(shí)，女性也擁有同男性一樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)能力，社會能力和選擇伴侶的權(quán)力 簡而言之，我們是返璞歸真了

然而，女性最差的發(fā)明就是犁 隨著犁耕農(nóng)業(yè)社會的開始，男性的所扮演的角色變得出奇的強(qiáng)勢 女性失去了其作為收割者原始的工作 但是隨著工業(yè)革命和后工業(yè)革命的產(chǎn)生 女性開始重返勞動市場 簡而言之，她們正在獲得在百萬年前就擁的社會地位和身份 甚至早在10000年甚至100000年前就曾擁有過 我們現(xiàn)在看到的是人類歷史上最具標(biāo)志性的傳統(tǒng)之一 而且這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)正在產(chǎn)生影響

通常，我的整個(gè)講演都可以圍繞女性對經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的影響，這次我只會舉其中幾件事來講，接下來講愛情和性的部分 男性與女性之間存在很多的差異 那那些認(rèn)為男人和女人很相似的人肯定沒有同時(shí)撫養(yǎng)過兒子和女兒 我不知道為什么他們會認(rèn)為男人和女人是一樣的 男人和女人是有很多相同的地方，但是 也有很多不同

正如Ted Hughs 所言，“我們就像人的兩只腳一樣，需要彼此配合才能繼續(xù)前行?！?但我們的大腦并沒有進(jìn)化成一樣的構(gòu)造 而且現(xiàn)在正發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多在思想上的差異 我只講其中幾點(diǎn)，然后就將進(jìn)入到性和愛情的部分 其中一個(gè)是女性的語言能力。女人是聊天高手

女性可以迅速找到正確的詞匯，最清楚的說明事情 這種能力在月經(jīng)周期中間雌性激素達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)提高 但是就算是在月經(jīng)的時(shí)候，她們的表現(xiàn)都比普通男性好 女性擅于交談 她們早在百萬年前就如此，語言是她們的工具 她們面對面的撫養(yǎng)教育小孩 她們用語言哄小孩，罵小孩，教育小孩 然而，女性正在成為一股強(qiáng)大的力量

甚至在一些女性進(jìn)入普通勞動市場 較慢的國家如印度和日本 女性也進(jìn)入到了新聞行業(yè) 我認(rèn)為電視就像一個(gè)全球的篝火晚會 我們圍著它，同時(shí)它也在影響著我們的思想 每每在我錄制節(jié)目時(shí)，那些給我打電話商量談話內(nèi)容的 制片人幾乎都是女性 事實(shí)上，Solzhenitsyn曾經(jīng)說過，“擁有一個(gè)偉大的作家就像擁有了另一個(gè)政府”

如今在美國54%的作家都是女性 這只是女性擁有的眾多特性中的一個(gè) 這些特點(diǎn)幫助她們進(jìn)入到勞動市場 女人擁有非凡的人際技巧和談判技巧 有著豐富的想象力 想象力和長遠(yuǎn)計(jì)劃形成的大腦路線 她們是思路縝密的思考者 因?yàn)榕源竽X各部分聯(lián)系的更好 在她們思考的時(shí)候，能收集更多的數(shù)據(jù) 組合成更加的復(fù)雜的形式，看到更多選擇和結(jié)果 她們能進(jìn)行條理清楚、整體性的思考，稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)思考者而男人會剔除他們認(rèn)為不相關(guān)的事 只專注于他們正在做的事情，思考方式偏向于按部就班式 這兩種思考方式都很好 我們需要他們共同發(fā)展 事實(shí)上，在這個(gè)世界上，男性天才還是偏多的 但是，世界上的白癡也是男性偏多的(笑聲)當(dāng)男性的大腦運(yùn)行好的時(shí)候，可以非常的好 我認(rèn)為我們正在努力地建立一個(gè)合作型社會 一個(gè)逐漸認(rèn)同男性和女性才能的社會 并且給予重視和利用

實(shí)際上，女性進(jìn)入到勞動市場 對性，愛情和家庭生活方面都有重大影響 最明顯的，女性開始表現(xiàn)出他們的性欲 我總是很驚訝每當(dāng)人們這樣問我： “為什么男性總是那么的花心?” 我就說“你怎么就認(rèn)定是男性比女性花心呢?” “顯然啊，男性就是比較花心!” 我問他們，“那這些男人是和在什么人上床呢?” 結(jié)果顯而易見吧(笑聲)

不管怎樣，在西方世界 女性性成熟較早，她們擁有過更多的性伴侶 且并不會因?yàn)樽约旱摹安邸倍载?zé) 她們結(jié)婚更晚，小孩較少，為了尋找更好的婚姻而離婚 女性有了更多對性的表達(dá)和訴求 的確，我們在性表達(dá)上再一次 回到了百萬年前非洲大地上的情景 因?yàn)檫@就是以打獵和采摘為生活方式的 社會具有的性表達(dá)

我們婚姻的平等狀況也正恢復(fù)原古時(shí)代 有個(gè)說法就是，21世紀(jì) 的婚姻可以被稱為“對等婚姻” “純潔的婚姻”也可以稱為“彼此不承擔(dān)法律義務(wù)的婚姻” 一種在平等主體間建立的婚姻 回到了和遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代人類精神高度一致的形式

我們也看到了人們對浪漫愛情的追求 美國91%的女性和86%的男性 并不會因?yàn)閷Ψ骄哂凶约盒闹械乃衅焚|(zhì)而結(jié)婚 如果他/她們不愛對方 對37個(gè)國家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界各地的人們 只希望與他們所愛的人結(jié)婚 的確，包辦婚姻已經(jīng)開始淡出歷史的舞臺

我認(rèn)為婚姻應(yīng)該變得更加的穩(wěn)定 因?yàn)槲覀冋媾R著第二個(gè)巨大趨勢 第一個(gè)就是女性進(jìn)入勞動力市場 第二個(gè)就是人口老齡化 如今在美國 85歲才能被稱為中年 因?yàn)?，?6到85歲的這個(gè)年齡段 40%的人們健康是沒有任何問題的 所以，我們看到了中年階層隊(duì)伍的擴(kuò)大

我自己的一本書里面有58個(gè)國家的離婚率統(tǒng)計(jì) 你可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著年紀(jì)的增大，離婚率也隨著降低 所以現(xiàn)在美國的離婚率是穩(wěn)定的 實(shí)際上正在逐漸的降低 未來還會繼續(xù)下降 而且隨著“偉哥”，“雌性激素更新”，“臀部改造”等技術(shù)的出現(xiàn) 女性也變得越來越有魅力 女性從未像現(xiàn)在這樣有吸引力 沒有哪個(gè)時(shí)期的女性像今天這樣如此的有教養(yǎng)，有魅力和有能力 所以我非常確信，在人類進(jìn)化的歷史上 最有條件創(chuàng)造完美婚姻的時(shí)機(jī)，就是現(xiàn)在!

然而，這個(gè)過程還是存在著很多復(fù)雜問題 在這三個(gè)大腦系統(tǒng)中性，浪漫愛情，和依賴 并不總是結(jié)合在一起的 順便說一下，它們是可以同時(shí)存在的 這就是為什么偶然的性愛也不是那么的隨便的 隨著性高潮的到來，你的身體會釋放多巴胺 多巴胺是和浪漫愛情聯(lián)系在一起的 你會愛上那個(gè)剛剛和你“一夜情”的人 同時(shí)伴隨性高潮，身體還會產(chǎn)生“后葉催產(chǎn)素”和“后葉加壓素” 這些都是與“依賴”相關(guān)的激素 這就是為什么你與別人發(fā)生關(guān)系之后，你會感覺到 自己和他/她緊緊的聯(lián)系在一起

但是這三個(gè)情感系統(tǒng) 并不總會綁在一起 你對相處了很久的一個(gè)伴侶有很深的依賴和責(zé)任感 同時(shí)你又強(qiáng)烈的愛著另外的人 同時(shí)你可能對第三個(gè)人產(chǎn)生性欲 簡單的說，我們能在同一時(shí)間愛很多人 事實(shí)上，當(dāng)我們晚上躺在床上時(shí) 我們可以想著對某人的依賴感 再感受著與某人的浪漫愛情 在你頭腦中仿佛在開一個(gè)小組會議 因?yàn)槟阈枰鲆粋€(gè)選擇 所以我認(rèn)為，人類并不是一個(gè)被創(chuàng)造出來享受快樂的物種 我們是一種被創(chuàng)造出來繁衍后代的物種 我認(rèn)為幸福是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們創(chuàng)造的 我們可以和每個(gè)人建立良好的關(guān)系

所以我想以兩件事來做總結(jié) 一件是讓我擔(dān)憂的事 我有一個(gè)擔(dān)憂，和一個(gè)精彩的故事 我的擔(dān)憂是關(guān)于抗抑郁藥的 美國每年會開出超過一億份抗抑郁處方 這些藥物正變得很普遍 它們滲入到世界各地 我認(rèn)識一個(gè)女孩從她13歲開始就在服用抗抑郁藥 一種用于提升血清素的抗抑郁藥物 今年她23歲，她從13歲就開始服用這種藥

我不反對那些在短期內(nèi)因?yàn)橛龅椒浅?煩惱的事情而服用抗抑郁藥的人 對那些想要自殺或者殺人的患者 我是建議他們服用的 但是越來越多的美國人開始長時(shí)期的服用抑郁藥 這些藥物的作用是提高“血清素”的含量 隨著血清素含量的上升，抑制了多巴胺的循環(huán) 每個(gè)人都知道 多巴胺是與浪漫愛情聯(lián)系的 抗抑郁藥不僅抑制了多巴胺的產(chǎn)生，也使性欲下降 當(dāng)你的性欲下降時(shí)，你將失去性高潮 一旦失去性高潮，那些讓你產(chǎn)生依賴感的激素就被遏制 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)在大腦里都是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的 其中一個(gè)大腦系統(tǒng)被破壞的時(shí)侯 另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)也將紊亂 我只想說一個(gè)沒有的愛的世界是沒有生機(jī)的所以(鼓掌)謝謝 我想以一個(gè)故事來結(jié)束，然后就是一句評價(jià) 我對愛情，性和依賴的研究已經(jīng)有30年了 我是雙胞胎，對為什么我們?nèi)绱说南嘞窈芨信d趣 為什么你和我很像，為什么伊拉克人，日本人 澳大利亞土著人，和亞馬孫河流域的人都是那么像

大約一年前，一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)婚介服務(wù)公司Match.com找到我 想讓我為他們設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)新的約會站點(diǎn) 我說：“我對性格一點(diǎn)都不了解，你知道嗎?” 我不確定你是否找對了人 他們回答：“是的” 這讓我開始思考，為什么你會愛上某一個(gè)人而不是另外的人

這是我目前正在研究的課題，也是我下本書的內(nèi)容 你出于各種理由愛上某個(gè)人 時(shí)機(jī)很重要，距離也很重要 神秘感很重要。你可能由于某個(gè)人很神秘而愛上他 因?yàn)樯衩馗锌梢允鼓隳X中的多巴胺上升 讓你越過那道閘門而墜入愛河 你愛上那些正好符合你“愛情地圖”的人 他符合你在童年時(shí)期潛意識里設(shè)定的擇偶清單 我還認(rèn)為，你將會被 那些和你有互補(bǔ)特質(zhì)的人所吸引 這就是我現(xiàn)在正在努力研究的課題

但是我想告訴你一個(gè)故事來說明這個(gè)問題 我在這兒談?wù)摰氖菒矍榈纳砘A(chǔ) 我想再告訴你們關(guān)于文化的一些東西 關(guān)于愛情的魔力 這是一個(gè)聽別人轉(zhuǎn)述的故事 應(yīng)該是一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事 是關(guān)于一個(gè)研究生的，我是Rutgers的，我的兩個(gè)同事 Art Aaron 是 SUNY Stonybrook的 就是我們?yōu)槟切┤俗龊舜殴舱駫呙璧牡胤?/p>

這個(gè)研究生瘋狂的愛上了另外一個(gè)研究生 但是那個(gè)女生并不愛他 后來他們一起去參加一個(gè)在北京的研討會 他從我們的工作中得知，如果你與某人一起做一些非常新鮮的事，可以使那人腦中的多巴胺值上升 這樣就很可能引致浪漫愛情的出現(xiàn)(大笑)因此他決定把科學(xué)應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中去 所以他約這個(gè)女孩一起坐黃包車

我自己從來沒做過黃包車 他們穿梭于巴士和卡車之間 非常的瘋狂，非常的嘈雜也非常的刺激 男生覺得這樣會增加女孩腦中的多巴胺 使女孩子愛上他 一路上，那個(gè)女孩興奮的叫著，靠著他 愉悅享受著美好的時(shí)光 一小時(shí)后他們下了黃包車 那個(gè)女孩舉起她的雙手問道：“太刺激了，感覺太好了!” “那個(gè)車夫好帥哦!”(大笑)(鼓掌)

這就是愛情的魔力 在結(jié)束時(shí)我要說，在百萬年前，人類就發(fā)展出三個(gè)大腦系統(tǒng) 性欲，愛情和對長期伴侶的依賴 這些循環(huán)系統(tǒng)深深扎根于人類的大腦中 它們將與人類一起長期共存 這就是莎士比亞說的“塵世的煩惱” 謝謝。

第二篇：TED英語演講稿

01.Remember to say thank you

Hi.I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it.And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed.And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate.I'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction.And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them.But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son.It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? I know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, “Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids,” but won't ask.I know a woman who's good at this.She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, “I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids.” And he goes, “Oh, this is great, this is great.” And praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that.And a friend of mine, April, who I've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores.And she said, “Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?”

So, the question is, why was I blocking it? Why were other people blocking it? Why can I say, “I'll take my steak medium rare, I need size six shoes,” but I won't say, “Would you praise me this way?” And it's because I'm giving you critical data about me.I'm telling you where I'm insecure.I'm telling you where I need your help.And I'm treating you, my inner circle, like you're the enemy.Because what can you do with that data? You could neglect me.You could abuse it.Or you could actually meet my need.And I took my bike into the bike store--I love this--same bike, and they'd do something called “truing” the wheels.The guy said, “You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better.” I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new.So, I'm going to challenge all of you.I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear.What do you need to hear? Go home to your wife--go ask her, what does she need? Go home to your husband--what does he need? Go home and ask those questions, and then help the people around you.And it's simple.And why should we care about this? We talk about world peace.How can we have world peace with different cultures, different languages? I think it starts household by household, under the same roof.So, let's make it right in our own backyard.And I want to thank all of you in the audience for being great husbands, great mothers, friends, daughters, sons.And maybe somebody's never said that to you, but you've done a really, really good job.And thank you for being here, just showing up and changing the world with your ideas.02.The benefits of a bilingual brain

?Hablas espa?ol? Parlez-vous fran?ais? ni hui shuo zhong wen ma? If you answered “si”,”oui” or ”hui” and you are watching this in English, chances are you belong to the world bilingual and multilingual majority.And besides having an easier time traveling, or watching movies without subtitles, knowing two or more languages means that your brain may actually look and work differently than those of your monolingual friends.So what does it really mean to know a language?

Language ability is typically measured in two active parts, speaking and writing, and two passive parts, listening and reading.While a balanced bilingual has near equal abilities across the board in two languages, most bilinguals around the world know and use their languages in vary proportions.And depending on their situation and how they acquired each language, they can be classified into three general types.For example, let’s take Gabriella, whose family immigrates to the US from Peru when she was two-years old.As a compound bilingual, Gabriella develops two linguistic codes simultaneously, with a single set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish as she begins to process the world around her.Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, while continuing to speak Spanish at home and with friends.Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a secondary language by filtering it through their primary language.Because all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language regardless of accent and pronunciation, the difference may not be apparent to be a casual observer.But recent advances in imaging technology have given neurolinguists a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere is more dominant and analytical in logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones, though this is a matter of degree, not an absolute split.The fact that language involves both types of functions while lateralization develops gradually with age, has lead to the critical period hypothesis.According to this theory, children learn languages more easily because the plasticity of their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language acquisition, while in most adults, language is lateralized to one hemisphere, usually the left.If this is true, learning a language in childhood may give you a more holistic grasp of its social and emotional contexts.Conversely, recent research showed that people who learned a second language in adulthood exhibit less emotional bias and a more rational approach when confronting problems in the second language than their native one.But regardless of when you acquire additional languages, being multilingual gives your brain some remarkable advantages.Some of these are even visible, such higher density of the gray matter that contains most of your brain’s neurons and synapses, and more activity in certain regions when engaging a second language.The heightened workout a bilingual brain receives throughout its life can also help delay the onset of diseases, like Alzheimers and Dementia by as much as 5 years.The idea of major cognitive benefits to bilingualism may seem intuitive now, but it would have surprised earlier experts.Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the child’s development by forcing them to spend them too much energy distinguishing between languages, a view based largely on flawed studies.And while a more recent study did show that reaction times and errors increase for some bilingual students in cross-language tests, it also showed that the effort and attention needed to switch between languages triggered more activity in, and potentially strengthened, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.This is the part of brain that plays a large role in executive function, problem solving, switching between tasks, and focusing while filtering out irrelevant information.So, while bilingual may not necessarily make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex and actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from, ”Hello,” to “Hola”, ”Bonjour” or “ninhao’s” because when it comes to our brains a little exercise can go a long way.03.Feats of memory anyone can do

I'd like to invite you to close your eyes.Imagine yourself standing outside the front door of your home.I'd like you to notice the color of the door, the material that it's made out of.Now visualize a pack of overweight nudists on bicycles.They are competing in a naked bicycle race, and they are headed straight for your front door.I need you to actually see this.They are pedaling really hard, they're sweaty, they're bouncing around a lot.And they crash straight into the front door of your home.Bicycles fly everywhere, wheels roll past you, spokes end up in awkward places.Step over the threshold of your door into your foyer, your hallway, whatever's on the other side, and appreciate the quality of the light.The light is shining down on Cookie Monster.Cookie Monster is waving at you from his perch on top of a tan horse.It's a talking horse.You can practically feel his blue fur tickling your nose.You can smell the oatmeal raisin cookie that he's about to shovel into his mouth.Walk past him.Walk past him into your living room.In your living room, in full imaginative broadband, picture Britney Spears.She is scantily clad, she's dancing on your coffee table, and she's singing “Hit Me Baby One More Time.” And then, follow me into your kitchen.In your kitchen, the floor has been paved over with a yellow brick road, and out of your oven are coming towards you Dorothy, the Tin Man, the Scarecrow and the Lion from “The Wizard of Oz,” hand-in-hand, skipping straight towards you.Okay.Open your eyes.I want to tell you about a very bizarre contest that is held every spring in New York City.It's called the United States Memory Championship.And I had gone to cover this contest a few years back as a science journalist, expecting, I guess, that this was going to be like the Superbowl of savants.This was a bunch of guys and a few ladies, widely varying in both age and hygienic upkeep.They were memorizing hundreds of random numbers, looking at them just once.They were memorizing the names of dozens and dozens and dozens of strangers.They were memorizing entire poems in just a few minutes.They were competing to see who could memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards the fastest.I was like, this is unbelievable.These people must be freaks of nature.And I started talking to a few of the competitors.This is a guy called Ed Cook, who had come over from England, where he had one of the best-trained memories.And I said to him, “Ed, when did you realize that you were a savant?” And Ed was like, “I'm not a savant.In fact, I have just an average memory.Everybody who competes in this contest will tell you that they have just an average memory.We've all trained ourselves to perform these utterly miraculous feats of memory using a set of ancient techniques, techniques invented 2,500 years ago in Greece, the same techniques that Cicero had used to memorize his speeches, that medieval scholars had used to memorize entire books.” And I said, “Whoa.How come I never heard of this before?”

And we were standing outside the competition hall, and Ed, who is a wonderful, brilliant, but somewhat eccentric English guy, says to me, “Josh, you're an American journalist.Do you know Britney Spears?” I'm like, “What? No.Why?” “Because I really want to teach Britney Spears how to memorize the order of a shuffled pack of playing cards on U.S.national television.It will prove to the world that anybody can do this.”

I was like, “Well, I'm not Britney Spears, but maybe you could teach me.I mean, you've got to start somewhere, right?” And that was the beginning of a very strange journey for me.I ended up spending the better part of the next year not only training my memory, but also investigating it, trying to understand how it works, why it sometimes doesn't work, and what its potential might be.And I met a host of really interesting people.This is a guy called E.P.He's an amnesic who had, very possibly, the worst memory in the world.His memory was so bad, that he didn't even remember he had a memory problem, which is amazing.And he was this incredibly tragic figure, but he was a window into the extent to which our memories make us who we are.At the other end of the spectrum, I met this guy.This is Kim Peek, he was the basis for Dustin Hoffman's character in the movie “Rain Man.” We spent an afternoon together in the Salt Lake City Public Library memorizing phone books, which was scintillating.And I went back and I read a whole host of memory treatises, treatises written 2,000-plus years ago in Latin, in antiquity, and then later, in the Middle Ages.And I learned a whole bunch of really interesting stuff.One of the really interesting things that I learned is that once upon a time, this idea of having a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory was not nearly so alien as it would seem to us to be today.Once upon a time, people invested in their memories, in laboriously furnishing their minds.Over the last few millenia, we've invented a series of technologies--from the alphabet, to the scroll, to the codex, the printing press, photography, the computer, the smartphone--that have made it progressively easier and easier for us to externalize our memories, for us to essentially outsource this fundamental human capacity.These technologies have made our modern world possible, but they've also changed us.They've changed us culturally, and I would argue that they've changed us cognitively.Having little need to remember anymore, it sometimes seems like we've forgotten how.One of the last places on Earth where you still find people passionate about this idea of a trained, disciplined, cultivated memory, is at this totally singular memory contest.It's actually not that singular, there are contests held all over the world.And I was fascinated, I wanted to know how do these guys do it.A few years back a group of researchers at University College London brought a bunch of memory champions into the lab.They wanted to know: Do these guys have brains that are somehow structurally, anatomically different from the rest of ours? The answer was no.Are they smarter than the rest of us? They gave them a bunch of cognitive tests, and the answer was: not really.There was, however, one really interesting and telling difference between the brains of the memory champions and the control subjects that they were comparing them to.When they put these guys in an fMRI machine, scanned their brains while they were memorizing numbers and people's faces and pictures of snowflakes, they found that the memory champions were lighting up different parts of the brain than everyone else.Of note, they were using, or they seemed to be using, a part of the brain that's involved in spatial memory and navigation.Why? And is there something that the rest of us can learn from this?

The sport of competitive memorizing is driven by a kind of arms race where, every year, somebody comes up with a new way to remember more stuff more quickly, and then the rest of the field has to play catch-up.This is my friend Ben Pridmore, three-time world memory champion.On his desk in front of him are 36 shuffled packs of playing cards that he is about to try to memorize in one hour, using a technique that he invented and he alone has mastered.He used a similar technique to memorize the precise order of 4,140 random binary digits in half an hour.Yeah.And while there are a whole host of ways of remembering stuff in these competitions, everything, all of the techniques that are being used, ultimately come down to a concept that psychologists refer to as “elaborative encoding.”

And it's well-illustrated by a nifty paradox known as the Baker/baker paradox, which goes like this: If I tell two people to remember the same word, if I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy named Baker.” That's his name.And I say to you, “Remember that there is a guy who is a baker.” Okay? And I come back to you at some point later on, and I say, “Do you remember that word that I told you a while back? Do you remember what it was?” The person who was told his name is Baker is less likely to remember the same word than the person was told his job is a baker.Same word, different amount of remembering;that's weird.What's going on here?

Well, the name Baker doesn't actually mean anything to you.It is entirely untethered from all of the other memories floating around in your skull.But the common noun “baker”--we know bakers.Bakers wear funny white hats.Bakers have flour on their hands.Bakers smell good when they come home from work.Maybe we even know a baker.And when we first hear that word, we start putting these associational hooks into it, that make it easier to fish it back out at some later date.The entire art of what is going on in these memory contests, and the entire art of remembering stuff better in everyday life, is figuring out ways to transform capital B Bakers into lower-case B bakers--to take information that is lacking in context, in significance, in meaning, and transform it in some way, so that it becomes meaningful in the light of all the other things that you have in your mind.One of the more elaborate techniques for doing this dates back 2,500 years to Ancient Greece.It came to be known as the memory palace.The story behind its creation goes like this:

There was a poet called Simonides, who was attending a banquet.He was actually the hired entertainment, because back then, if you wanted to throw a really slamming party, you didn't hire a D.J., you hired a poet.And he stands up, delivers his poem from memory, walks out the door, and at the moment he does, the banquet hall collapses.Kills everybody inside.It doesn't just kill everybody, it mangles the bodies beyond all recognition.Nobody can say who was inside, nobody can say where they were sitting.The bodies can't be properly buried.It's one tragedy compounding another.Simonides, standing outside, the sole survivor amid the wreckage, closes his eyes and has this realization, which is that in his mind's eye, he can see where each of the guests at the banquet had been sitting.And he takes the relatives by the hand, and guides them each to their loved ones amid the wreckage.What Simonides figured out at that moment, is something that I think we all kind of intuitively know, which is that, as bad as we are at remembering names and phone numbers, and word-for-word instructions from our colleagues, we have really exceptional visual and spatial memories.If I asked you to recount the first 10 words of the story that I just told you about Simonides, chances are you would have a tough time with it.But, I would wager that if I asked you to recall who is sitting on top of a talking tan horse in your foyer right now, you would be able to see that.The idea behind the memory palace is to create this imagined edifice in your mind's eye, and populate it with images of the things that you want to remember--the crazier, weirder, more bizarre, funnier, raunchier, stinkier the image is, the more unforgettable it's likely to be.This is advice that goes back 2,000-plus years to the earliest Latin memory treatises.So how does this work? Let's say that you've been invited to TED center stage to give a speech, and you want to do it from memory, and you want to do it the way that Cicero would have done it, if he had been invited to TEDxRome 2,000 years ago.What you might do is picture yourself at the front door of your house.And you'd come up with some sort of crazy, ridiculous, unforgettable image, to remind you that the first thing you want to talk about is this totally bizarre contest.And then you'd go inside your house, and you would see an image of Cookie Monster on top of Mister Ed.And that would remind you that you would want to then introduce your friend Ed Cook.And then you'd see an image of Britney Spears to remind you of this funny anecdote you want to tell.And you'd go into your kitchen, and the fourth topic you were going to talk about was this strange journey that you went on for a year, and you'd have some friends to help you remember that.This is how Roman orators memorized their speeches--not word-for-word, which is just going to screw you up, but topic-for-topic.In fact, the phrase “topic sentence”--that comes from the Greek word “topos,” which means “place.” That's a vestige of when people used to think about oratory and rhetoric in these sorts of spatial terms.The phrase “in the first place,” that's like “in the first place of your memory palace.”

I thought this was just fascinating, and I got really into it.And I went to a few more of these memory contests, and I had this notion that I might write something longer about this subculture of competitive memorizers.But there was a problem.The problem was that a memory contest is a pathologically boring event.Truly, it is like a bunch of people sitting around taking the SATs--I mean, the most dramatic it gets is when somebody starts massaging their temples.And I'm a journalist, I need something to write about.I know that there's incredible stuff happening in these people's minds, but I don't have access to it.And I realized, if I was going to tell this story, I needed to walk in their shoes a little bit.And so I started trying to spend 15 or 20 minutes every morning, before I sat down with my New York Times, just trying to remember something.Maybe it was a poem, maybe it was names from an old yearbook that I bought at a flea market.And I found that this was shockingly fun.I never would have expected that.It was fun because this is actually not about training your memory.What you're doing, is you're trying to get better and better at creating, at dreaming up, these utterly ludicrous, raunchy, hilarious, and hopefully unforgettable images in your mind's eye.And I got pretty into it.This is me wearing my standard competitive memorizer's training kit.It's a pair of earmuffs and a set of safety goggles that have been masked over except for two small pinholes, because distraction is the competitive memorizer's greatest enemy.I ended up coming back to that same contest that I had covered a year earlier, and I had this notion that I might enter it, sort of as an experiment in participatory journalism.It'd make, I thought, maybe a nice epilogue to all my research.Problem was, the experiment went haywire.I won the contest--which really wasn't supposed to happen.Now, it is nice to be able to memorize speeches and phone numbers and shopping lists, but it's actually kind of beside the point.These are just tricks.They work because they're based on some pretty basic principles about how our brains work.And you don't have to be building memory palaces or memorizing packs of playing cards to benefit from a little bit of insight about how your mind works.We often talk about people with great memories as though it were some sort of an innate gift, but that is not the case.Great memories are learned.At the most basic level, we remember when we pay attention.We remember when we are deeply engaged.We remember when we are able to take a piece of information and experience, and figure out why it is meaningful to us, why it is significant, why it's colorful, when we're able to transform it in some way that makes sense in the light of all of the other things floating around in our minds, when we're able to transform Bakers into bakers.The memory palace, these memory techniques--they're just shortcuts.In fact, they're not even really shortcuts.They work because they make you work.They force a kind of depth of processing, a kind of mindfulness, that most of us don't normally walk around exercising.But there actually are no shortcuts.This is how stuff is made memorable.And I think if there's one thing that I want to leave you with, it's what E.P., the amnesic who couldn't even remember he had a memory problem, left me with, which is the notion that our lives are the sum of our memories.How much are we willing to lose from our already short lives, by losing ourselves in our Blackberries, our iPhones, by not paying attention to the human being across from us who is talking with us, by being so lazy that we're not willing to process deeply?

I learned firsthand that there are incredible memory capacities latent in all of us.But if you want to live a memorable life, you have to be the kind of person who remembers to remember.Thank you.01.請別忘記感謝身邊的人

嗨。我在這里要和大家談?wù)勏騽e人表達(dá)贊美，傾佩和謝意的重要性。并使它們聽來真誠，具體。

之所以我對此感興趣是因?yàn)槲覐奈易约旱某砷L中注意到幾年前，當(dāng)我想要對某個(gè)人說聲謝謝時(shí)，當(dāng)我想要贊美他們時(shí)，當(dāng)我想接受他們對我的贊揚(yáng)，但我卻沒有說出口。我問我自己，這是為什么？我感到害羞，我感到尷尬。接著我產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)問題難道我是唯一一個(gè)這么做的人嗎？所以我決定做些探究。

我非常幸運(yùn)的在一家康復(fù)中心工作，所以我可以看到那些因?yàn)樯习a而面臨生與死的人。有時(shí)候這一切可以非常簡單地歸結(jié)為，他們最核心的創(chuàng)傷來自于他們父親到死都未說過“他為他們而自豪”。但他們從所有其它家庭或朋友那里得知他的父親告訴其他人為他感到自豪，但這個(gè)父親從沒告訴過他兒子。因?yàn)樗恢浪膬鹤有枰牭竭@一切。

因此我的問題是，為什么我們不索求我們需要的東西呢？我認(rèn)識一個(gè)結(jié)婚25年的男士渴望聽到他妻子說，“感謝你為這個(gè)家在外賺錢，這樣我才能在家陪伴著孩子，”但他從來不去問。我認(rèn)識一個(gè)精于此道的女士。每周一次，她見到丈夫后會說，“我真的希望你為我對這個(gè)家和孩子們付出的努力而感謝我。”他會應(yīng)和到“哦，真是太棒了，真是太棒了?！辟潛P(yáng)別人一定要真誠，但她對贊美承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。一個(gè)從我上幼兒園就一直是朋友的叫April的人，她會感謝她的孩子們做了家務(wù)。她說：“為什么我不表示感謝呢，即使他們本來就要做那些事情？”

因此我的問題是，為什么我不說呢？為什么其它人不說呢？為什么我能說：“我要一塊中等厚度的牛排，我需要6號尺寸的鞋子，”但我卻不能說：“你可以贊揚(yáng)我嗎？”因?yàn)檫@會使我把我的重要信息與你分享。會讓我告訴了你我內(nèi)心的不安。會讓你認(rèn)為我需要你的幫助。雖然你是我最貼心的人，我卻把你當(dāng)作是敵人。你會用我托付給你的重要信息做些什么呢？你可以忽視我。你可以濫用它?；蛘吣憧梢詽M足我的要求。

我把我的自行車拿到車行－－我喜歡這么做－－同樣的自行車，他們會對車輪做整形。那里的人說：“當(dāng)你對車輪做整形時(shí)，它會使自行車變成更好?！蔽野堰@輛自行車拿回來，他們把有小小彎曲的鐵絲從輪子上拿走這輛車我用了2年半，現(xiàn)在還像新的一樣。所以我要問在場的所有人，我希望你們把你們的車輪整形一下：真誠面對對你們想聽到的贊美。你們想聽到什么呢？回家問問你們的妻子，她想聽到什么？回家問問你們的丈夫，他想聽到什么？回家問問這些問題，并幫助身邊的人實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。

非常簡單。為什么要關(guān)心這個(gè)呢？我們談?wù)撌澜绾推健Ｎ覀冊趺从貌煌奈幕?，不同的語言來保持世界和平？我想要從每個(gè)小家庭開始。所以讓我們在家里就把這件事情做好。我想要感謝所有在這里的人們因?yàn)槟銈兪呛谜煞?，好母親，好伙伴，好女兒和好兒子?；蛟S有些人從沒跟你們說過但你們已經(jīng)做得非常非常得出色了。感謝你們來到這里，向世界顯示著你們的智慧，并用它們改變著世界。

02.雙語能力對大腦的益處驚人

你會說中文嗎？如果你能回答“si”、“oui”或者“是的”，而且能看懂這個(gè)英文短片，那么你就跟世界上很多人一樣、具備雙語能力或是多語能力。除了旅游時(shí)溝通比較方便、看電影不需要字幕這些好處之外，通曉兩種或者三種以上的語言，意味著你的大腦在結(jié)構(gòu)上或運(yùn)作上與你那些單一語言的朋友有著明顯的不同。所以到底什么才能算通曉一門語言呢？

衡量語言能力，主要包含兩個(gè)主動部分——說和寫，和兩個(gè)被動部分——聽和讀。雖然一個(gè)出色的雙語者對于兩種語言都有著相近的使用能力，但是大多數(shù)的雙語者對兩個(gè)語種的認(rèn)知和使用能力是有差異的。根據(jù)個(gè)人所處的環(huán)境以及他們具體學(xué)語言的方法，雙語者通?？梢苑殖扇?。

舉個(gè)例子來說，Gabriella在兩歲時(shí)跟著家人由秘魯移民到美國。她屬于復(fù)合型雙語者，Gabriella在剛接觸這個(gè)世界時(shí)就同時(shí)學(xué)英語和西班牙語，所以給她一個(gè)概念、她的大腦就能同時(shí)喚起兩種語言信號。她有一個(gè)十幾歲的哥哥，則屬于協(xié)調(diào)型雙語使用者，他運(yùn)用兩種不同的概念，一方面在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)英語，另一方面用西班牙語和家人、朋友交流。

最后，Gabriella的父母，則屬于從屬型雙語者。當(dāng)他們學(xué)習(xí)外語（英語）時(shí)，需要通過母語進(jìn)行翻譯再進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。

如果不考慮口音和發(fā)音問題，這三種類型的雙語者至少都算能精通一門語言。因此，一般人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種類型的差異。然而現(xiàn)在，由于大腦成像技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步，神經(jīng)語言學(xué)家能夠知道語言學(xué)習(xí)對雙語使用者的大腦產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響。

大家都知道，大腦的左半球是掌管數(shù)據(jù)和邏輯分析的，而大腦的右半球則掌管情感與社交，但這并不是絕對的、只是比例多少的問題。

語言同時(shí)包括了左腦和右腦的功能，而隨著年齡的增長，大腦的功能會逐漸側(cè)重其中的一邊，語言學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期假說就是由這個(gè)事實(shí)引申出來的。根據(jù)這個(gè)理論，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易，是因?yàn)樗麄兊拇竽X仍在發(fā)展、可塑性更強(qiáng)，他們可以同時(shí)調(diào)用左右兩邊大腦的機(jī)能來學(xué)習(xí)語言；然而多數(shù)成年人只通過大腦的一邊（通常是左腦）學(xué)習(xí)語言。

如果這個(gè)假說是真的，那么在兒童時(shí)期學(xué)習(xí)語言可以讓你對其社會和情感內(nèi)涵有著更整體的把握。另一方面，近期的研究表明，成年人學(xué)習(xí)外語時(shí)的情緒性偏見沒那么多，同時(shí)相比于母語環(huán)境，他們在外語環(huán)境中遇到問題時(shí)也更為理性。

無論如何，當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言時(shí)，多語能力都會給你的大腦帶來明顯的好處。有些好處甚至是可視化的，比如大腦灰白質(zhì)的密度增加，那里包含了大多數(shù)的神經(jīng)元和突觸，而且在學(xué)習(xí)外語時(shí)，大腦的部分區(qū)域會變得更加活躍。雙語者的大腦可以持續(xù)不斷地接收強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，這能讓一些病癥（如阿茲海默癡呆癥和失智癥）的發(fā)作推遲至5年以后。

雙語能力對認(rèn)知能力的有所幫助在現(xiàn)代來看是很好理解的，但是過去的專家一定會對這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)大吃一驚。在1960年之前，人們認(rèn)為使用雙語對于兒童的成長來說是一種障礙，因?yàn)檫@需要兒童花費(fèi)精力去分辨別不同語言，這種觀點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)生源自有瑕疵的研究方法。

最新的研究的確顯示，在跨語言測驗(yàn)當(dāng)中，使用雙語的學(xué)生的反應(yīng)時(shí)間與錯(cuò)誤次數(shù)增加了；同時(shí)也表明，學(xué)生需要花費(fèi)更多的努力和注意力進(jìn)行語言的轉(zhuǎn)換，這也使得前額葉腦區(qū)更加活躍、進(jìn)而強(qiáng)化其機(jī)能。前額葉腦區(qū)主要影響執(zhí)行、解決問題、多任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換、集中注意力、排除無關(guān)信息的能力。

雖然學(xué)習(xí)雙語不一定能讓你更聰明，但是它可以讓你的大腦更加健康、多元和活躍。即使你在年幼時(shí)沒有機(jī)會學(xué)習(xí)第二語言，但是現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不會太晚。從現(xiàn)在開始學(xué)一門外語吧，把“hello”轉(zhuǎn)換成“Hola”、“Bonjour”、“你好”(本文作者母語為英語)等外語問候，即使只是小小的訓(xùn)練，也能對大腦有所幫助。03.每個(gè)人都能掌握的記憶技巧

請大家跟我一起閉上眼睛，象一下。

你站在，自己家門口的外面，請留心一下門的顏色，以及門的材質(zhì)，現(xiàn)在請想象一群超重的裸騎者，正在進(jìn)行一場裸體自行車賽，向你的前門直沖而來，盡量讓畫面想象得栩栩如生近在眼前，他們都在奮力地踩腳踏板汗流浹背，路面非常顛簸，然后徑直撞進(jìn)了你家前門，自行車四下飛散車輪從你身旁滾過，輻條扎進(jìn)了各種尷尬角落，跨過門檻，進(jìn)到門廳、走廊和門里的其他地方，室內(nèi)光線柔和舒適，光線灑在甜餅怪物身上，他坐在一匹棕色駿馬的馬背上，正向你招手，這匹馬會說話，你可以感覺到他的藍(lán)色鬃毛讓你鼻子發(fā)癢，你可以聞到他正要扔進(jìn)嘴里的葡萄燕麥曲奇的香氣，繞過他繞過他走進(jìn)客廳，站在客廳里把你的想象力調(diào)到最大檔，想象小甜甜布蘭妮，她衣著暴露在你咖啡桌上跳舞，并唱著“Hit Me Baby One More Time”，接下來跟著我走進(jìn)你的廚房，廚房的地面被一道黃磚路覆蓋，依次鉆出你的烤箱向你走來的是，《綠野仙蹤》里的多蘿西鐵皮人，稻草人和獅子，他們手挽著手蹦蹦跳跳地向你走來，好了睜開眼睛吧，我要給你們講一個(gè)每年春天在紐約，都會舉辦的奇異競賽，叫做全美記憶冠軍賽，幾年前我作為一名科技類記者，去報(bào)道這項(xiàng)競賽，心里想著大概那兒得像，怪才的“超級碗冠軍賽”一樣熱鬧吧，一大堆男人和屈指可數(shù)的女性，從小孩兒到老人有些還不怎么注意個(gè)人衛(wèi)生，有的奮力在只看一次的情況下，記下上百個(gè)任意列出的數(shù)字，有的在努力記住成群的陌生人的名字，有的想在幾分鐘內(nèi)努力背下整篇詩歌，還有的在比賽誰能以最快速度，記下一整副打亂的牌的順序，我當(dāng)時(shí)覺得這太不可思議了，這些人肯定天賦異稟。

所以我開始采訪參賽者，這位叫Ed Cook，是從英格蘭來的，他在那兒接受了最好的記憶訓(xùn)練，我問他 “Ed 你是什么時(shí)候開始意識到，自己是記憶天才的?”，Ed答道“我并不是什么專家，其實(shí)我的記憶力很一般，來參賽的每一個(gè)人，都會告訴你他們的記憶力只是一般水平，我們都在訓(xùn)練自己后才能，完成這些奇跡般的記憶游戲，我們運(yùn)用了一系列古老的技巧，這些技巧是希臘人在兩千五百年前發(fā)明的，西塞羅正是用了這些技巧，來記憶他的演講稿的，中世紀(jì)學(xué)者用這種技巧來背誦正本書籍的內(nèi)容“，我驚訝不已 ”哇噻怎么我從來沒聽說過呢?“，我們站在競技大廳外，聰明過人令人驚嘆，而又稍有些古怪的英國人Ed，對我說 ”Josh 你是個(gè)美國記者，你知道小甜甜布蘭妮吧?”，我茫然不解 “什么? 當(dāng)然為什么要問這個(gè)?”，“因?yàn)槲艺娴暮芟朐?，美國國家電臺上教會布蘭妮，怎樣記住一整副打亂的牌的順序，就能證明這是人人都可以做到的了“，我說 ”雖然我不是布蘭妮，但你也可以教教我呀，總得找個(gè)人開教嘛不是嗎?“，接著一段非常奇特的歷程在我面前展開了序幕，結(jié)果第二年的大部分時(shí)間，我都花在了訓(xùn)練自己的記憶力，同時(shí)調(diào)查研究記憶上，我想嘗試?yán)斫猱a(chǎn)生記憶的原理，為何有時(shí)會記了又忘，及其它到底隱藏著什么樣的潛力，途中我遇到了很多有趣的人，其中一個(gè)叫E.P.，他患有健忘癥他的記憶力，恐怕是世界上最差的了，他的記憶能力差到，甚至記不得自己有健忘癥，真的很神奇，雖然他是個(gè)悲劇角色，但通過他我們能了解到，記憶在何種程度上塑造了我們的人格，情況的另一個(gè)極端是我遇到了這樣一個(gè)人，他叫Kim Peek，他是Dustin Hoffman在電影《雨人》里的角色的原型，我和他花了一下午，在鹽湖城公共圖書館里背電話簿，讓我大開眼界，回家后我讀了許多關(guān)于記憶的論文，寫于兩千多年前的論文，用拉丁文寫的從古代，一直到后來中世紀(jì)期間，我學(xué)到很多很有意思的事兒，其中一個(gè)就是，曾經(jīng)，訓(xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力的這種概念，完全不像如今那樣陌生，曾幾何時(shí)人們寄希望于自己的記憶，能不遺余力地裝飾自己的心靈，近幾千年來，人類發(fā)明了一系列技術(shù)，從字母表到卷軸，到法典印刷機(jī)攝影技術(shù)，電腦智能手機(jī)，讓我們能越來越輕松地，外化記憶能力，讓我們從根本上，把這種基礎(chǔ)的人類能力拱手讓出，這些技術(shù)讓現(xiàn)代生活變?yōu)榭赡埽瑫r(shí)也改變了我們，不僅在文化上，我覺得也在認(rèn)知上，不再需要費(fèi)勁去記憶，有時(shí)會覺得我們已經(jīng)忘了如何去記憶，在這片地球上已經(jīng)很少有地方，能讓你覺得人們?nèi)詿嶂杂冢?xùn)練規(guī)束培養(yǎng)記憶力了，那非同尋常的記憶大賽算是一個(gè)，其實(shí)它也沒有那么非同尋常，世界各地都開始舉辦這樣的競賽，我對此深深著迷想要知道這些人是怎么做到的，幾年前倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的一組研究人員，請來一批記憶大賽的冠軍接受研究，他們想要弄明白，這些人的大腦，是否跟我們其他人在解剖學(xué)上的結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣?，答案是否定的，那他們比我們都聰明嗎?，他們給研究對象實(shí)施了一系列認(rèn)知測試，依舊得出了否定結(jié)論，但對比受控制的比對目標(biāo)的大腦，記憶大賽冠軍們的大腦，確實(shí)有一處很有趣的不同很說明問題，這些人被送去做功能磁共振，掃描大腦時(shí)，當(dāng)他們在記憶數(shù)字或人臉或雪花圖案時(shí)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)記憶大賽冠軍們，的大腦激活的區(qū)域，跟普通人不太一樣，值得注意的是他們看來是在用，腦中在空間記憶和導(dǎo)航時(shí)會用到的部分，為什么? 我們可以從中得出什么樣的結(jié)論呢?，競爭性記憶的較量，被一種類似軍事比賽的方式推向了白熱化，每年都會有人，帶著更有效的記憶方法現(xiàn)身賽場，而其他人就必須迎頭趕上，這是我的朋友Ben Pridmore，贏得過三次國際記憶大賽冠軍，在他的臺前，有三十六副打亂順序的牌，他要在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)記下全部，用的是一種他自己發(fā)明的也只有他會的技巧，用與此類似的方法，他曾一字不差地背下了，4140個(gè)任意排列的二進(jìn)制數(shù)，只用了半個(gè)小時(shí)，很牛吧，參賽者在這些競賽中，運(yùn)用過很多不同的記憶方法，各式各樣被運(yùn)用到的所有技巧，最終都能歸化為一個(gè)概念，心理學(xué)家稱之為”精細(xì)編碼“，這個(gè)概念能用一則幽默的悖論完美詮釋，叫做Baker/baker悖論，簡單說來就是，假設(shè)我讓兩個(gè)人去記同一個(gè)詞，我跟你說，”記住有個(gè)人叫Baker“，Baker是人名，我又來告訴你 ”記住有個(gè)人是面包師(baker)“，過了一段時(shí)間我又回來找到你們，問 ”還記得我之前，叫你們記住的那個(gè)詞嗎?“，”還記得是什么詞嗎?“，被告知人名是Baker的人，記住這個(gè)詞的可能性遠(yuǎn)不如，被告知職業(yè)是面包師的那個(gè)人，同樣的詞導(dǎo)致不同的記憶程度，到底是為什么呢，是因?yàn)槿嗣鸅aker沒有任何特殊含義，沒法跟你腦海里，零碎繁雜的記憶產(chǎn)生任何聯(lián)系，但是面包師(baker)作為一個(gè)常用名詞，我們都知道面包師是什么，面包師帶著搞笑的白帽子，他們手上沾滿了面粉，他們下班回到家?guī)е鴵浔堑目久姘?，甚至可能有些人有朋友就是面包師，我們初次聽到這個(gè)詞時(shí)，馬上就會產(chǎn)生各種各樣的聯(lián)想，這使我們能在一段時(shí)間后還能回憶起來，其實(shí)要理解記憶競賽中的，一切奧妙，或在日常生活中改善記憶力的秘訣，僅僅在于想辦法把Baker中的大寫B(tài)，變?yōu)槊姘鼛?baker)中的小寫b，把沒有前因后果，沒有重要性沒有涵義的信息，用某種方法轉(zhuǎn)化為，有意義的內(nèi)容，跟腦海里的其他記憶串聯(lián)起來，這種精確記憶的技巧，在兩千五百年前的古希臘就已出現(xiàn)，后來將其稱為記憶宮殿，發(fā)明這種技巧的過程如下，有個(gè)叫做Simonides的詩人，他要去參加一個(gè)晚宴，其實(shí)他算是被請去做表演嘉賓的，因?yàn)樵谀莻€(gè)年代炫酷派對的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不是請D.J.來打碟而是要請?jiān)娙藖眄炘?，他站起來背出了他的全篇詩作然后瀟灑離去，他剛走出門口晚宴大廳就塌了，砸死了里面所有的人，不僅全體死亡，所有的死者都被砸得面目全非，沒人說得清死者都有些誰，沒人說得清誰坐在哪兒，導(dǎo)致死者的尸體沒法得到合適的殉葬安置，這又加重了整件事的悲劇色彩，Simonides站在外面，作為廢墟中的唯一幸存者，閉上眼睛猛然意識到，在他的腦海中，他眼前出現(xiàn)了所有賓客所坐的位置，他就牽著親屬們的手，穿過廢墟把他們帶到了親人身邊，Simonides當(dāng)時(shí)猛然醒悟的事，大概我們大家也都猜到了，其實(shí)是不管我們，有多不善于記住姓名電話號碼，或是同事的每句指令，我們都擁有異常敏銳的視覺或空間記憶能力，要是我讓你們逐字逐句地重述，我剛才講的Simonides故事的前十個(gè)字，應(yīng)該沒幾個(gè)人會記得，但我敢打賭，如果我讓你們現(xiàn)在回想下，在你的門廳里坐在會講話的棕色駿馬上的，是誰，你們就明白我剛才說的意思了，記憶宮殿的原理，就是在你的腦海里建立一棟想象大廈，并讓你想記住的東西，的影像充滿其中，越是瘋狂古怪奇詭，荒誕搞笑亂七八糟招人厭惡的影像，就越容易記住，這個(gè)建議來自于兩千多年前，拉丁最早的記憶學(xué)者，那么這種說法的原理到底是什么呢，假設(shè)你被邀請，站上TED的中心講臺演講，而你想脫稿完成，如西塞羅在兩千年前在TEDx羅馬上的演講一般，他就會這么霸氣走一回而你也想這樣，你要做的就是，想象自己站在自家門前，然后憑空想象出，一段完全荒誕瘋狂難忘的景象，用來提示你上臺要提的第一件事，就是這場詭異的裸騎大賽，然后你走進(jìn)房子里，想到甜餅怪物，坐在Ed先生背上的樣子，這個(gè)景象會提醒你，要介紹你的朋友Ed Cook，然后你腦海里出現(xiàn)了小甜甜布蘭妮的樣子，你就會想起要講那個(gè)關(guān)于布蘭妮的小故事，然后你走進(jìn)廚房，你要說到的第四個(gè)話題是，你花了一整年走過的奇妙歷程，通過綠野仙蹤就可以聯(lián)想得到，這就是羅馬演說家背誦演講稿的秘訣，并非一字不差逐字背誦只會平添麻煩，而是記住一個(gè)個(gè)主題，其實(shí)短語”主題句“，就來源于希臘詞”topos“，意思是”地點(diǎn)“，這是古時(shí)候，人們談到演講或是修辭時(shí)，會用到的空間術(shù)語，短語 ”第一"，就意味著你的記憶宮殿的第一層，這簡直太有意思了，我對這起了很大的興趣，后來我又去了更多記憶大賽，我開始萌發(fā)了要更詳細(xì)描寫，這種競技記憶文化的念頭，但有一個(gè)問題，問題是記憶大賽，其實(shí)過程很無聊的，(大笑)，真的就像一群人坐那兒高考一樣，最最激動人心的時(shí)刻，也不過就是有人揉了揉太陽穴，我是個(gè)記者總得有東西可寫呀，我知道這些人腦子里肯定是驚濤駭浪，但我作為外人無法得見，我意識到若我真的想報(bào)道這事兒，一定得親身體驗(yàn)才行，所以我開始嘗試著每天早上坐下來看紐約時(shí)報(bào)前，花上十五到二十分鐘，嘗試記憶一些事，背背小詩，背背我在跳蚤市場買來的，舊年鑒里的人名，我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這其實(shí)非常帶勁，要不去嘗試根本想不到，有趣在于其實(shí)目標(biāo)并不是要通過訓(xùn)練提高記憶力，而是你在努力培養(yǎng)改善，創(chuàng)造力想象力，在你的腦海里憑空造出，那些完全滑稽荒誕胡亂最好是難忘的影像，而它成為了我的樂趣，這是我戴著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)競賽記憶者訓(xùn)練套裝的樣子，它有一對耳塞，一副護(hù)目鏡鏡面全部遮黑，就留了兩個(gè)小孔，因?yàn)楦偧加洃浾咦畲蟮臄橙司褪亲⒁饬Ψ稚ⅲ詈笪以俅位氐搅艘荒昵皥?bào)道的那場競賽場上，我一時(shí)沖動也想報(bào)名參加，就當(dāng)做參與性新聞報(bào)道的實(shí)驗(yàn)了，我當(dāng)時(shí)想到時(shí)能在前言里調(diào)侃一下自己也好，問題是實(shí)驗(yàn)最后得到了意想不到的結(jié)果，那場競賽我贏了，真是完全出乎我預(yù)料之外，對我來說現(xiàn)在，背演講稿電話號碼或是購物單，都是小菜一碟倒是很不錯(cuò)，但其實(shí)這些都不重要了，這些都是小伎倆，這些記憶伎倆之所以有效，是因?yàn)樗鼈円勒倘祟惔竽X運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，一些基本原理，并不用真的去建立記憶宮殿，或記下幾副牌的順序，你也完全可以從了解大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理中，獲得一些益處，我們總會議論記憶力很好的人，總覺得那些人是天賦異稟，事實(shí)并不是這樣，強(qiáng)大的記憶力是可以習(xí)得的，從最根本的說起專心致志就能記住，全心投入時(shí)就能記住，只要能想辦法把信息和經(jīng)歷，轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的事，就能記住，想它為何重要為何多彩，當(dāng)我們能把它轉(zhuǎn)化成為，有前因后果的事，并跟我們腦海中繁雜瑣碎的其他事產(chǎn)生聯(lián)想時(shí)，當(dāng)我們能把人名Baker轉(zhuǎn)化為面包師baker時(shí)，記憶宮殿或是那些記憶技巧，都只是捷徑而已，其實(shí)說到底它們都不能算捷徑，這方法有效是因?yàn)樗仁鼓闼伎?，它迫使你往更深層次去想，讓你更加專注，大部分人平時(shí)并不會費(fèi)力去訓(xùn)練這個(gè)，其實(shí)捷徑并不存在，這一直就是我們能記住事物的原因，有一件事我希望你們能記住，就是E.P.，那個(gè)連自己患了健忘癥都想不起來的人，讓我深思，得出了一個(gè)感想，人生就是我們個(gè)人記憶的合集，在短暫的人生里，你還愿意因?yàn)楹谳?iPhone，喪失多少瞬間，忽略對面坐著的人，在跟我們交談的人，變得越發(fā)懶惰不愿意，深究任何事？，通過親身經(jīng)歷我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的身體里潛藏著，不可思議的記憶能力，但若你想活得難忘，就得做那種，記得時(shí)常記憶的人。

謝謝。

第三篇：TED英語演講稿

我知道你們在想什么，你們覺得我迷路了，馬上就會有人走上臺溫和地把我?guī)Щ匚业淖簧?。（掌聲）。我在迪拜總會遇上這種事?！皝磉@里度假的嗎，親愛的？”（笑聲）“來探望孩子的嗎？這次要待多久呢？ 恩，事實(shí)上，我希望能再待久一點(diǎn)。我在波斯灣這邊生活和教書已經(jīng)超過30年了。（掌聲）這段時(shí)間里，我看到了很多變化。現(xiàn)在這份數(shù)據(jù)是挺嚇人的，而我今天要和你們說的是有關(guān)語言的消失和英語的全球化。我想和你們談?wù)勎业呐笥?，她在阿布達(dá)比教成人英語。在一個(gè)晴朗的日子里，她決定帶她的學(xué)生到花園去教他們一些大自然的詞匯。但最后卻變成是她在學(xué)習(xí)所有當(dāng)?shù)刂参镌诎⒗Z中是怎么說的。還有這些植物是如何被用作藥材，化妝品，烹飪，香草。這些學(xué)生是怎么得到這些知識的呢？當(dāng)然是從他們的祖父母，甚至曾祖父母那里得來的。不需要我來告訴你們能夠跨代溝通是多么重要。but sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate.a language dies every 14 days.now, at the same time, english is the undisputed global language.could there be a connection? well i dont know.but i do know that ive seen a lot of changes.when i first came out to the gulf, i came to kuwait in the days when it was still a hardship post.actually, not that long ago.that is a little bit too early.but nevertheless, i was recruited by the british council along with about 25 other teachers.and we were the first non-muslims to teach in the state schools there in kuwait.we were brought to teach english because the government wanted to modernize the country and empower the citizens through education.and of course, the u.k.benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.但遺憾的是，今天很多語言正在以前所未有的速度消失。每14天就有一種語言消失，而與此同時(shí)，英語卻無庸置疑地成為全球性的語言。這其中有關(guān)聯(lián)嗎？我不知道。但我知道的是，我見證過許多改變。初次來到海灣地區(qū)時(shí)，我去了科威特。當(dāng)時(shí)教英文仍然是個(gè)困難的工作。其實(shí)，沒有那么久啦，這有點(diǎn)太久以前了?？傊?，我和其他25位老師一起被英國文化協(xié)會聘用。我們是第一批非穆斯林的老師，在科威特的國立學(xué)校任教。我們被派到那里教英語，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)卣Ｍ麌铱梢袁F(xiàn)代化并透過教育提升公民的水平。當(dāng)然，英國也能得到些好處，產(chǎn)油國可是很有錢的。okay.now this is the major change that ive seen--how teaching english has morphed from being a mutually english-speaking nation on earth.and why not? after all, the best education--according to the latest world university rankings--is to be found in the universities of the u.k.and the u.s.so everybody wants to have an english education, naturally.but if youre not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.言歸正傳，我見過最大的改變，就是英語教學(xué)的蛻變?nèi)绾螐囊粋€(gè)互惠互利的行為變成今天這種大規(guī)模的國際產(chǎn)業(yè)。英語不再是學(xué)校課程里的外語學(xué)科，也不再只是英國的專利。英語（教學(xué)）已經(jīng)成為所有英語系國家追逐的潮流。何樂而不為呢？畢竟，最好的教育來自于最好的大學(xué)，而根據(jù)最新的世界大學(xué)排名，那些名列前茅的都是英國和美國的大學(xué)。所以自然每個(gè)人都想接受英語教育，但如果你不是以英文為母語，你就要通過考試。now can it be right to reject a student on linguistic ability well, i dont think so.we english teachers reject them all the time.we put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks.they cant pursue their dream any longer, till they get english.now let me put it this way, if i met a dutch speaker who had the cure for cancer, would i stop him from entering my british university? i dont think so.but indeed, that is exactly what we do.we english teachers are the gatekeepers.and you have to satisfy us first that your english is good enough.now it can be dangerous to give too much power to a narrow segment of society.maybe the barrier would be too universal.但僅憑語言能力就拒絕學(xué)生這樣對嗎？譬如如果你碰到一位天才計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家，但他會需要有和律師一樣的語言能力嗎？我不這么認(rèn)為。但身為英語老師的我們，卻總是拒絕他們。我們處處設(shè)限，將學(xué)生擋在路上，使他們無法再追求自己的夢想，直到他們通過考試?，F(xiàn)在容我換一個(gè)方式說，如果我遇到了一位只會說荷蘭話的人，而這個(gè)人能治愈癌癥，我會阻止他進(jìn)入我的英國大學(xué)嗎？我想不會。但事實(shí)上，我們的確在做這種事。我們這些英語老師就是把關(guān)的。你必須先讓我們滿意，使我們認(rèn)定你的英文夠好。但這可能是危險(xiǎn)的。把太多的權(quán)力交由這么小的一群人把持，也許會令這種障礙太過普及。okay.but, i hear you say, what about the research? its all in english.so the books are in english, the journals are done in english, but that is a self-fulfilling.it feeds the english requirement.and so it goes on.i ask you, what happened to translation? if you think about the islamic golden age, there was lots of translation then.they translated from latin and greek into arabic, into persian, and then it was translated on into the germanic languages of europe and the romance languages.and so light shone upon the dark ages of europe.now dont get me wrong;i am not against teaching english, all you english teachers out there.i love it that we have a global language.we need one today more than ever.but i am against using it as a barrier.do we really want to end up with 600 languages and the main one being english, or chinese? we need more than that.where do we draw the line? this system equates intelligence with a knowledge of english which is quite.于是，我聽到你們問但是研究呢?研究報(bào)告都要用英文。”的確，研究論著和期刊都要用英文發(fā)表，但這只是一種理所當(dāng)然的現(xiàn)象。有英語要求，自然就有英語供給，然后就這么循環(huán)下去。我倒想問問大家，為什么不用翻譯呢？想想伊斯蘭的黃金時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)翻譯盛行，人們把拉丁文和希臘文翻譯成阿拉伯文或波斯文，然后再由拉伯文或波斯文翻譯為歐洲的日耳曼語言以及羅曼語言。于是文明照亮了歐洲的黑暗時(shí)代。但不要誤會我的意思，我不是反對英語教學(xué)或是在座所有的英語老師。我很高興我們有一個(gè)全球性的語言，這在今日尤為重要。但我反對用英語設(shè)立障礙。難道我們真希望世界上只剩下600種語言，其中又以英文或中文為主流嗎？我們需要的不只如此。那么我們該如何拿捏呢？這個(gè)體制把智能和英語能力畫上等號這是相當(dāng)武斷的。

and i want to remind you that the giants upon whose shoulders todays stand did not have to have english, they didnt have to pass an english test.case in point, einstein.he, by the way, was considered remedial at school because he was, in fact, dyslexic.but fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an english test.because they didnt start until 1964 with toefl, the american test of english.now its exploded.there are lots and lots of tests of english.and millions and millions of students take these tests every year.now you might think, you and me, those fees arent bad, theyre okay, but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people.so immediately, were rejecting them.我想要提醒你們，扶持當(dāng)代知識分子的這些“巨人肩膀不必非得具有英文能力，他們不需要通過英語考試。愛因斯坦就是典型的例子。順便說一下，他在學(xué)校還曾被認(rèn)為需要課外補(bǔ)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗鋵?shí)有閱讀障礙。但對整個(gè)世界來說,很幸運(yùn)的當(dāng)時(shí)他不需要通過英語考試，因?yàn)樗麄冎钡?964年才開始使用托?！，F(xiàn)在英語測驗(yàn)太泛濫了，有太多太多的英語測驗(yàn)，以及成千上萬的學(xué)生每年都在參加這些考試?，F(xiàn)在你會認(rèn)為，你和我都這么想，這些費(fèi)用不貴，價(jià)錢滿合理的。但是對數(shù)百萬的窮人來說，這些費(fèi)用高不可攀。所以，當(dāng)下我們又拒絕了他們。it brings to mind a headline i saw recently: education: the great divide.now i get it, i understand why people would focus on english.they want to give their children the best chance in life.and to do that, they need a western education.because, of course, the best jobs go to people out of the western universities, that i put on earlier.its a circular thing.這使我想起最近看到的一個(gè)新聞標(biāo)題：“教育：大鴻溝”現(xiàn)在我懂了。我了解為什么大家都重視英語，因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍo孩子最好的人生機(jī)會。為了達(dá)成這目的，他們需要西方教育。畢竟，不可否認(rèn)，最好的工作都留給那些西方大學(xué)畢業(yè)出來的人。就像我之前說的，這是一種循環(huán)。

okay.let me tell you a story about two scientists, two english scientists.they were doing an experiment to do with genetics and the forelimbs and the hind limbs of animals.but they couldnt get the results they wanted.they really didnt know what to do, until along came a german scientist who realized that they were using two words for forelimb and hind limb, whereas genetics does not differentiate and neither does german.so bingo, problem solved.if you cant think a thought, you are stuck.but if another language can think that thought, then, by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more.好，我跟你們說一個(gè)關(guān)于兩位科學(xué)家的故事：有兩位英國科學(xué)家在做一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，是關(guān)于遺傳學(xué)的，以及動物的前、后肢。但他們無法得到他們想要的結(jié)果。他們真的不知道該怎么辦，直到來了一位德國的科學(xué)家。他發(fā)現(xiàn)在英文里前肢和后肢是不同的二個(gè)字，但在遺傳學(xué)上沒有區(qū)別。在德語也是同一個(gè)字。所以，叮！問題解決了。如果你不能想到一個(gè)念頭，你會卡在那里。但如果另一個(gè)語言能想到那念頭，然后通過合作我們可以達(dá)成目的，也學(xué)到更多。我的女兒從科威特來到英格蘭，她在阿拉伯的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)。那是所阿拉伯中學(xué)。在學(xué)校里，她得把這些知識翻譯成英文，而她在班上卻能在這些學(xué)科上拿到最好的成績。這告訴我們，當(dāng)外籍學(xué)生來找我們，我們可能無法針對他們所知道的給予贊賞，因?yàn)槟鞘莵碜杂谒麄兡刚Z的知識。當(dāng)一個(gè)語言消失時(shí)，我們不知道還有什么也會一并失去。this is--i dont know if you saw it on cnn recently--they gave the heroes award to a young kenyan shepherd boy who couldnt study at night in his village like all the village children,篇二：楊瀾ted演講稿中英文 yang lan: the generation thats remaking china the night before i was heading for scotland, i was invited to host the final of chinas got talent show in shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium.guess who was the performing guest?susan boyle.and i told her, im going to scotland the next day.she sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in chinese.[chinese]so its not like hello or thank you, that ordinary stuff.it means green onion for free.why did she say that? because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle--a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in shanghai, who loves singing western opera, but she didnt understand any english or french or italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese.(laughter)and the last sentence of nessun dorma that she was singing in the stadium was green onion for free.so [as] susan boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together.that was hilarious.so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness.they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through.and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams.well, being different is not that difficult.we are all different from different perspectives.but i think being different is good, because you present a different point of view.you may have the chance to make a difference.my generation has been very fortunate to witness and participate in the historic transformation of china that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years.i remember that in the year of 1990,when i was graduating from college, i was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in beijing, great wall sheraton--its still there.so after being interrogated by this japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, so, miss yang, do you have any questions to ask me?i summoned my courage and poise and said,yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell? i didnt have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel.that was the first day i set my foot in a five-star hotel.my life, and i feel proud of that.but then we are also so fortunate to witness the transformation of the whole country.i was in beijings bidding for the olympic games.i was representing the shanghai expo.i saw china embracing the world and vice versa.but then sometimes im thinking, what are todays young generation up to? how are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of china, or at large, the world? so making a living is not that easy for young people.college graduates are not in short supply.in urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 u.s.dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500.so what do they do? they have to share space--squeezed in very limited space to save money--and they call themselves tribe of ants.and for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment.that ratio in americawould only cost a couple five years to earn, but in china its 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.so through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about.social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand.for the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witness a lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property.and it has aroused huge anger and frustrationamong our young generation.sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest.so when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the internet,people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.so the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court.similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the internet.we heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food.and guess what, we have faked beef.they have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef.and then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop.so all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the internet.and fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.while young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-making, but sometimes theyre a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life.china is soon to pass the u.s.as the number one market for luxury brands--thats not including the chinese expenditures in europe and elsewhere.but you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 u.s.dollars.theyre not rich at all.theyre taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status.and this is a girl explicitly saying on a tv dating show that she would rather cry in a bmw than smile on a bicycle.but of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a bmw or [on] a bicycle.so happiness is the most popular word we have heard through the past two years.happiness is not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, its about the environment.people are thinking about the following questions: are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher gdp? how are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? and also, how capable is the systemof self-correctness to keep more people contentwith all sorts of friction going on at the same time?i guess these are the questions people are going to answer.and our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.thank you very much.楊瀾ted演講：重塑中國的一代 中文演講稿

在來愛爾蘭的前一晚，我應(yīng)邀主持了中國達(dá)人秀在上海的體育場和八萬現(xiàn)場觀眾。猜猜誰是表演嘉賓？——蘇珊大媽。我告訴她，“我明天要去愛爾蘭了。” 她歌聲猶如天籟。而且她還可以說點(diǎn)中文。

“送你蔥?！?這不是“你好、謝謝”之類的日常用語。這組詞翻譯過來是免費(fèi)給你青蔥，為什么她要說這個(gè)呢？因?yàn)檫@是我們中國版的蘇珊大媽很有名的一句歌詞。

這位五十幾歲的大媽在上海以販賣蔬菜為生。她喜歡西方的歌劇，但是她不懂任何外語，所以她就把中文蔬菜名填做歌詞。當(dāng)她在體育場里 唱到今夜無人入眠的最后一句時(shí)，她唱的是“送你蔥”。蘇珊大媽和全場八萬觀眾一起唱“送你蔥”，多有意思的場面。我想蘇珊大媽和這位在上海做蔬菜買賣的都屬于不同尋常的人。在業(yè)界所謂的娛樂圈，他們最不可能取得成功，但是他們的勇氣和才華讓他們成功了。一場秀，一個(gè)平臺給了他們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的舞臺。與眾不同不難，從不同的角度看我們都是不一樣的。我認(rèn)為與眾不同是好的，因?yàn)槟阌胁煌目捶ǎ@給你機(jī)會去產(chǎn)生不同的影響。我們這代人有幸見證和參與了過去二三十年中國的歷史性的轉(zhuǎn)型。

我記得在九十年代，剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的我申請了一份在北京五星級酒店銷售部的工作。在日本經(jīng)理一個(gè)半小時(shí)的面試后，他最后說：“楊小姐，你有什么問題要問我嗎？”我鼓起勇氣，定定神然后問道：“您能告訴我銷售部到底銷售什么？”我對于五星級酒店的銷售部的職責(zé)一點(diǎn)都摸不著頭腦。那是我在五星級酒店的第一天。

同時(shí)，我和上千名大學(xué)女生參加了一場由中國中央電視臺舉辦的史無前例的公開選拔。制作人告訴我們他們想找一位可愛，天真，美麗的新面孔。當(dāng)輪到我時(shí)，我站起來說道，“為什么女孩在電視上必須是漂亮，甜美，無邪的，像個(gè)花瓶？為什么她們不能有她們的想法，她們自己的聲音？”

我想我一定得罪了評委。但是事實(shí)上，我的發(fā)言給他們留下了深刻的印象。接下來我進(jìn)入了第二輪的選拔，然后是第三輪，第四輪。在經(jīng)過七輪的選拔后，我勝出了。成為了一個(gè)國家電視臺黃金時(shí)段節(jié)目的主持人。

不管你們相不相信，那是中國電視上第一個(gè)節(jié)目可以允許主持人自由發(fā)揮而不是去讀審查后的稿子。這個(gè)節(jié)目的觀眾人數(shù)高達(dá)兩到三千萬。

幾年后，我決定去美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)進(jìn)修。之后我有了自己的傳媒公司，這是在我剛畢業(yè)的時(shí)候想都不敢想的。

我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)做了很多事情。在過去的這些年，我采訪了上千人。有時(shí)候有年輕人走過來對我說：“楊瀾，你改變了我的生活。”我也為此而自豪。

今天我想講講在社交媒體這個(gè)大舞臺上的年輕人

李世默ted：

中國崛起與“元敘事”的終結(jié)

小喬布斯thomas suarez英語演講稿ted 大家好，我叫托馬斯·斯沃斯，我一直以來對計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)著迷。我就給iphone、ipod touch、ipad做了一些應(yīng)用程序，今天我就來給大家展示幾個(gè)。第一個(gè)應(yīng)用叫做地球算命，它根據(jù)你的運(yùn)勢來改變地球的顏色。我最有名、最成功的應(yīng)用程序是比斯汀.賈伯，它是一個(gè)惡搞賈斯汀·比伯程序。這是因?yàn)樵谖业膶W(xué)校里，許多人有點(diǎn)不喜歡賈斯汀·比伯。所以我就開始做了這個(gè)應(yīng)用了，開始編程，并在2010年的暑假推出了我的作品。a lot of people asked me: how did i make this, a lot of time just because the person you ask a question wants to make an app also, a lot of kids these days like to play games, but now they want to make them and it’s difficult.because not many kids know where to go to find out how to make a program.i mean for soccer you could go to a soccer team, for violin you could get lessons for violin, but what if you want to make an app and kid’s parents might have done these things when they were young, but not many parents made apps.where would you go to find out how to make an app, while this is how i approached, this is what i did.許多人問我，我是怎么做出這些東西來的？大多數(shù)情況下，問我這個(gè)問題的人也想做一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序試試?，F(xiàn)在有許多孩子曾喜歡玩游戲，現(xiàn)在他們可以自己創(chuàng)作游戲了，這很難，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)孩子不知道去哪里學(xué)編程。我是說，如果你想學(xué)足球，你可以加入一個(gè)足球隊(duì)，如果學(xué)拉小提琴，你可以去興趣班。如果想做應(yīng)用程序，你該怎么辦呢？父母一般叫孩子們做一些事，但是有多少父母會編程呢？你去哪里可以學(xué)到編程呢？以下就是我怎么做到的，這就是我做的。first of all, i’ve been programming in multiple other programs just get the basics down, such as python, c, java etc.and then apple released the iphone and with the iphone soft developing, and software development kit is a swift tool for creating and programming an iphone app.this opened up a whole new world possibilities for me, and after playing with the soft developing a little bit i made a couple apps and made some test apps, one of them happen to be earth fortune was ready to put fortune on the app store, and so i persuaded my parents to pay the 99-dollar-fee to be able to put my app on the app stock.they agreed and now my apps are on the app store.首先，我先學(xué)了另外的編程，作為基礎(chǔ)，比如python、c語言、java編程。不久蘋果公司推出了iphone和iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包。iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包是一個(gè)給iphone編寫應(yīng)用程序的很好的工具。這給我?guī)砹税l(fā)現(xiàn)新世界一般的可能性，我在小小地玩了一下iphone軟件開發(fā)工具包之后，我就做了幾個(gè)應(yīng)用，并作了測試，其中之一就是地球算命。我很想把我的地球算命放上蘋果的應(yīng)用商店，我就說服我父母去支付進(jìn)入蘋果應(yīng)用超市所需的99美元。結(jié)果他們同意了，我的應(yīng)用上線了。

我得到了來自我的家庭、朋友、老師，甚至是蘋果應(yīng)用超市的工作人員的鼓勵(lì)，他們對我有了很大的影響。我從喬布斯身上得到了許多靈感，我在學(xué)校里組建了蘋果俱樂部。老師對我的俱樂部做出了積極地響應(yīng)。在我的學(xué)校里，每個(gè)人都可以來我的俱樂部里學(xué)習(xí)如何編寫應(yīng)用程序。這就是我與他人分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)的方式。there are these programs called the ipad pallid program, and some districts have them.i’m fortunate to be part of one;a big challenge is how should the ipad be used on what apps shall we put on the ipads.so we’re getting feedback from teachers at this school to see what kind of apps they like when we design the app and we sell it, it would be free to local districts and other districts we sell to.all the money from that goes to local foundations, these days students usually know a little bit more than teachers with the technology, so, sorry, this is the resource of the teachers and educators should recognize this resource and make good use of it.有一種叫ipad平板電腦編程的組織，有些區(qū)里有這類的組織，我有幸成為他們當(dāng)中的一員。我最大的挑戰(zhàn)是怎么利用ipad，我們應(yīng)該給ipad做什么樣的程序。我們在學(xué)校里向老師做了反饋信息調(diào)查，看看他們喜歡什么樣的應(yīng)用程序。在我們設(shè)計(jì)好后，我們出售那些應(yīng)用。本地區(qū)的用戶可以免費(fèi)獲得，別的地區(qū)的用戶收費(fèi)。從中的利潤會投入到當(dāng)?shù)鼗饡小，F(xiàn)在，學(xué)生們，在技術(shù)方面，通常會比老師們懂得多。如此看來...對不起，這是老師們的資源，教育工作者應(yīng)該好好認(rèn)識并利用它。ted演講是由ted從每年1000人的俱樂部變成了一個(gè)每天10萬人流量的社區(qū)。為了繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大網(wǎng)站的影響力，ted還加入了社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能，以連接一切“有志改變世界的人”。從2006年起，ted演講的視頻被上傳到網(wǎng)上。截至2010年4月，ted官方網(wǎng)站上收錄的ted演講視頻已達(dá)650個(gè)，有逾五千萬的網(wǎng)民觀看了ted演講的視頻。ted是一下三個(gè)英文單詞的首字母大寫

【t】technology技術(shù) 【e】entertainment娛樂 【d】design設(shè)計(jì) 它是美國的一家私有非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)以它組織的ted大會著稱。the theme of the ted：ideas worth spreading.ambulance 救護(hù)車 ——俺不能死；ponderous 肥胖的 ——胖的要死；pest害蟲——拍死它；ambition雄心——俺必勝；admire羨慕——額的媽呀篇五：ted英語演講稿：如何逃出教育的“死亡谷” ted英語演講稿：如何逃出教育的“死亡谷”

簡介：受教育的機(jī)會并非人人都有，而在學(xué)校的孩子們是否都能學(xué)有所成?英國學(xué)校教育咨詢師sir ken robinson 幽默演講，如何逃出教育的“死亡谷“? 告訴我們?nèi)绾我蚤_放的文化氛圍培育年輕的一代。

第四篇：TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

TED英語演講稿

I was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the P.O.box at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email, in Facebook, in texting or cell phones in general.And so while other kids were BBM-ing their parents, I was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was a little frustrating when Grandma was in the hospital, but I was just looking for some sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.And so when I moved to New York City after college and got completely sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of at the time.I wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written me for strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens of them.I left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the U.N., everywhere.I blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary, and I posed a kind of crazy promise to the Internet: that if you asked me for a hand-written letter, I would write you one, no questions asked.Overnight, my inbox morphed into this harbor of heartbreak--a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied in rural Kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barely even knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.Well, today I fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips to the mailbox, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like never before to write and mail strangers letters when they need them most, but most of all, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled with the scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangers not because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, but because they have found one another by way of letter-writing.But, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is that most of them have been written by people that have never known themselves loved on a piece of paper.They could not tell you about the ink of their own love letters.They're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown up into a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our best conversations have happened upon a screen.We have learned to diary our pain onto Facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.But what if it's not about efficiency this time? I was on the subway yesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tell you.If you ever need one, just carry one of these.(Laughter)And a man just stared at me, and he was like, “Well, why don't you use the Internet?” And I thought, “Well, sir, I am not a strategist, nor am I specialist.I am merely a storyteller.” And so I could tell you about a woman whose husband has just come home from Afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thing called conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.Find me when you can.” Or a girl who decides that she is going to leave love letters around her campus in Dubuque, Iowa, only to find her efforts ripple-effected the next day when she walks out onto the quad and finds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the benches.Or the man who decides that he is going to take his life, uses Facebook as a way to say goodbye to friends and family.Well, tonight he sleeps safely with a stack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, scripted by strangers who were there for him when.These are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing will never again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she is an art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing, the doodles in the margins.The mere fact that somebody would even just sit down, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through, with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up and the iPhone is pinging and we've got six conversations rolling in at once, that is an art form that does not fall down to the Goliath of “get faster,” no matter how many social networks we might join.We still clutch close these letters to our chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages into palettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we have needed to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far too long.Thank you.(Applause)(Applause)

第五篇：ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿2020

愛情不管起點(diǎn)是什么，結(jié)局一定是生活。這個(gè)世界上最深沉的愛情，不是浪漫，不是攀比，而是我容你，你容我，相濡以沫，天長地久。一起來看看ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿2020，歡迎查閱!

ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿1

當(dāng)然，我對愛情這個(gè)東西還是由始至終的抱有幻想。這個(gè)東西，就像他一直給我讓我對婚姻都有一種期望一樣。我對情感的需求我覺得相對于別人來說是比較大的，在小的時(shí)候。也會去贏得家長的關(guān)注。甚至為了過分關(guān)注而去拼命學(xué)習(xí)。但是不管怎么樣，都無法熄滅我對愛情的向往和迷戀呀。這才是十八歲天空應(yīng)有的芬芳。這才是十八歲應(yīng)有的力量。我用我的十八來談?wù)勎业南敕?。來談?wù)勎覍τ趷矍榈母泄佟?/p>

最近這一個(gè)月其實(shí)英語圍繞的主題就是愛情。最開始有什么問題是說你相信一見鐘情么，你相信筆友或者從未見面但是情根深種么，你對于未來的配偶有什么要求。你希望他的特質(zhì)是什么?，F(xiàn)在我來統(tǒng)一的給出我自己的答案。盡可能還原當(dāng)時(shí)我的想法。第一我對未來配偶基本上沒有任何特質(zhì)的要求。我唯一希望他的僅僅是一句欣賞生活。在平淡里也能陪著我安然的度過。第二，我相信一見鐘情。那種怦然心動的世紀(jì)毀滅感。卻又給你歸屬感和安全。你會相信。沉溺于這一股愛情之火，在愛情烈焰里焚為灰燼都是值得歌頌的一件事。但是我后面想了想。盡管我對愛情這么向往。這么的不顧一切。但是我連愛情的火山口呀，我都不會想爬上去。我相信不靠面容的愛情。我相信柏拉圖似的精神戀愛。我相信著純粹的一切。應(yīng)為這是愛情呀。人類最不能控制的一種情感。我們在里邊。只能隨波逐流。

韓寒寫過我想和這個(gè)世界談?wù)劇，F(xiàn)在。我想用我的十八跟愛情好好談一段。

青春里滌蕩的花，歲月里波浪的美好。

你還記得青蔥記憶里的美好么。

那年，十八。風(fēng)在吹。

你的羊角辮和笑語呀。

在空中蕩。

ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿2

世事滄桑，人生如棋，方寸間的乾坤，已不是文字可以盡數(shù)傳達(dá)。——題記

在這個(gè)世界上，有一些人很努力地追求愛情的平等，想要擁抱愛情，唯一不同的是，他們占少數(shù)，他們的愛情不被大眾認(rèn)可，我無法判斷其中對錯(cuò)，但我想他們值得被尊重，值得被關(guān)心。

如果你可以原諒一個(gè)知錯(cuò)認(rèn)罪的孩子，那么為何你不能體諒一個(gè)對自己性取向坦誠的孩子呢?

人的一生都在循環(huán)，循環(huán)地做著直到死去也無法完成的任務(wù)。從出生到走路到上學(xué)最后結(jié)婚，又在履行著上一輩子留下來的義務(wù)，傳宗接代，人類本身就是一個(gè)繁殖的工具，但當(dāng)我們在愛情面前，我們沒有必要偽裝與強(qiáng)迫自己接受他人的求愛，與其傷害他人，不如勇敢面對自己的愛。

在父母面前，他們則繼續(xù)走著看不見的愛情，他們也很艱難，在面對自己心的同時(shí)面對著多少壓力，但在他們最艱難的時(shí)候，沒有人認(rèn)可他們時(shí)，父母卻給出了一條路，一條寧愿傷害第三個(gè)人也不愿承認(rèn)他們的愛情的路。但也正是這路，讓他們的愛情更加確定。

與其傷害第三個(gè)人，為何不讓他們在一起。在父母面前我想真心的說一句：你們也有愛過的時(shí)候，在你們的父母反對你們的時(shí)候，你們還不是堅(jiān)持?你的孩子只是一個(gè)普通人，也想要自己抉擇一次，請給他們珍惜眼前愛的權(quán)利，他們沒有錯(cuò)。

我覺得真愛是可以超越性別的，既然可以超越生死，為什么一定要把自己禁錮在性別這個(gè)怪圈中呢，只要你在感情中足夠勇敢，可以給對方責(zé)任，幸福，安全感，并愿意承擔(dān)你們感情的一切后果，你就是一個(gè)值得尊敬的愛人。

有的人也許會說：同性怎么可能有真愛。那么我想說：那你們的愛情長久么?

同樣是愛情，為何要分性別，能讓你心動的就是你的愛。

ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿3

因?yàn)閻矍?，即使跨越半個(gè)世紀(jì)，他們?nèi)匀幌嗍叵喟??！}記

自從到奶奶家，每天傍晚都會陪爺爺奶奶去離小區(qū)不遠(yuǎn)的一座山散散步。

那座山是運(yùn)貨的捷徑，所以在山底到半山腰都有盤山公路，夜晚少有車輛經(jīng)過，加上坡度并不大，所以是周圍老年人鍛煉的好去處，幾天下來，我也認(rèn)識了不少住在附近的爺爺奶奶，他們常常結(jié)伴而行，這其中有這樣一對夫妻，每天都可以看見他們，他們也只是偶爾和路人低頭示意，便慢慢向山上走去。

今天也是一樣。

遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的，我看見老奶奶走得很慢，右腿有些跛，右手緊緊拉著老爺爺?shù)氖直郏蟀氲陌装l(fā)沾著汗水，貼在她滿是皺紋的額頭，而一旁的老爺爺略微低著頭右手拄著自制拐杖，雙腿筆直的向前邁著，走得似乎比老奶奶還要慢些，有時(shí)，會停下和老奶奶說些什么，他們的衣服都有些舊，寬大的襯衫皺皺的，洗的泛白，走近一些，我聽見了很清脆的鈴鐺聲從兩人的腰帶上傳來。落日的余輝從他側(cè)邊射來，兩人的影子重疊在一起，被拉得很長很長。

突然就覺得很感動。

之后，奶奶告訴我一些事。

原來，那位老爺爺雙目失明，曾經(jīng)中風(fēng)過，并且三高比較嚴(yán)重，必須每天鍛煉，而那位老奶奶曾經(jīng)出過車禍，口不能言，右腿膝蓋以下是假肢，而由于當(dāng)時(shí)安裝的問題，加之不是很靈活，她的右腿經(jīng)常被磨得出血，但仍然每天陪著老爺爺爬山鍛煉身體。他們誰也離不開誰，老奶奶需要老爺爺?shù)姆龀?，老爺爺需要老奶奶的指引，而鈴鐺便是他們尋找對方唯一標(biāo)志。

更讓人同情的是他們的子女在深圳和溫州忙自己的事業(yè)，極少回家，老兩口靠著退休的每人70元和兒子們偶爾寄來的生活費(fèi)生活著。70元，在南京偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的老人們很多只能拿到70元的退休工資。

最后，奶奶說：“在五十多年前，他們因?yàn)閻矍闋渴?，而現(xiàn)在，他們因?yàn)閻矍橄嗍??！?/p>

跨越半個(gè)世紀(jì)的愛情，跨越半個(gè)世紀(jì)的相守。

所謂患難見真情，他們每天過著單調(diào)無聲的生活，卻仍然堅(jiān)持著守護(hù)對方，不離不棄，這樣一份愛情，可遇而不可求。

奶奶說很羨慕，爺爺說很難得，而我說很感動。

第二天傍晚，在溫暖的落日余暉中，我又見到了他們。

仍然是相互扶持，相互依靠。

長長的影子交錯(cuò)。

我相信，他們會繼續(xù)走下去，一直一直，不離不棄。

ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿4

大家好。某些同志吧，自己沒有勇氣，于是乎，以作“第一個(gè)吃螃蟹的人”為由，攛掇我和大家嘮嘮愛情，在場各位除語文老師以外也都老大不小了，就不用避諱什么了。所以，我今天就硬著頭皮和臉皮和大家說說這傳說中的愛情。

愛情，是缺舵的諾亞方舟，隨波飄蕩。本來就無始無終，不知哪一天悄然爬上心頭。也不知道哪一天，除去心中所謂恒永的烙印。有人常問“是愛情讓我們直立行走嗎?是愛情維持著生活嗎?”我想，不是的!恰恰相反，是愛情讓我們不能行走。愛情象力的作用一樣，不能維持生活，只能改變生活。愛情的結(jié)局是未知的!是甜蜜?是酸澀?是永恒?是短暫?全都無法知曉，更無從知曉。只能存在一天，算做一天。明天會發(fā)生什么。此時(shí)深愛或淺愛彼此的人都不能知道。更別說什么一生一世了。甜言與蜜語，暖暖的情話，只是對未來美好地希冀，并不可信。

愛情，是老虎，他吞沒青春，卻不留下一枚硬幣。生活中愛情到底是什么?難道是合充一張飯卡，又為了突顯親密而共用一個(gè)飯缸?難道是永無止境地結(jié)帳?如何理解其中奧妙呢?怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)其規(guī)律，又是怎樣一個(gè)歷來為繁蕪叢雜的意識形態(tài)所掩蓋的簡單事實(shí)呢?一定有人考慮過。我也想過，可得到的只有困惑!愛情，耗費(fèi)著人們的精力，時(shí)間與金錢。當(dāng)歲月躍然紙上，臉色漸漸灰黃，眼圈有了由黃至黑的色彩滲透與漸變，可能，唯一能安慰我們的只有聲嘶力竭地號叫，一次次酒精的刺激。愛情投資有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，各位股民請慎重!

說了許多愛情的不好，又莫名地為之打不平。什么事都得辨證地看嘛!白居易講話了“老來多健忘，唯不忘相思”自己喜歡的影像在頭腦里走來走去，于是，我們就在愛情的魔圈中走去走來。

總結(jié)：無論什么事都要有個(gè)度。特別是學(xué)生時(shí)代的愛情，更要找到透析般的臨界狀態(tài)，才是真正地快樂與美好。

僅以一篇胡諏，獻(xiàn)給黑暗中摸索前進(jìn)和光明中嘹亮放歌的勇士們!

ted關(guān)于愛情演講稿5

尊敬的老師們，親愛的同學(xué)們：

大家好!

我有一個(gè)親切的、愛我的媽媽，還有一個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的、同樣愛我的爸爸，我們?nèi)私M成了一個(gè)快樂圓滿的家庭。但有一件事情，使我十分慚愧，讓我至今記憶猶新。

那是在我七歲的時(shí)候，我的家境很一般，爸爸媽媽開了一個(gè)餛飩店，雖然早上人不是很多，但到了中午，人就會擁擠起來。一天到晚，爸爸媽媽都在為生活奔波。漸漸的，天轉(zhuǎn)涼了，人們都穿上了棉襖，不知不覺中，已經(jīng)是冬天了。

一個(gè)星期天，爸爸去外地進(jìn)貨去了。媽媽帶著我逛商場，我們走過了兩家店，我突然看到了一個(gè)粉紅色的布娃娃，那正是我夢寐以求的東西。于是，我拉了媽媽已皺掉的衣角，指著那家店，說道：“我要那個(gè)布娃娃。”媽媽看了一眼價(jià)格，遲疑了一下說：“不行，孩子，我們馬上還要去買餛飩餡?！?/p>

“我要，我要，我就要!”我的倔脾氣一下涌了上來，可就是因?yàn)檫@次沖動，讓我后悔了很久很久……

我跑出商店，媽媽一把拉住我，我還是不顧媽媽著急的神情，掙脫媽媽的手，含著委屈的淚水，沖進(jìn)了茫茫人海中。

天漸漸地黑了，我還是乖乖地回家了?？墒谴箝T卻緊鎖著。我坐在冰涼的地上，一個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，三個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，五個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，媽媽還沒有回來。饑餓和恐懼包圍著我，我困了，不知不覺靠在門邊睡著了。

我夢見一雙溫暖的手，向我伸來，我企圖用力地握住它，可是，它卻不見了。我從夢中驚醒，看見媽媽滿臉灰塵，雙眼布滿了血絲，為了找我，這一夜，媽媽走遍了大街小巷……

我忍不住哭了，眼淚滴在媽媽手中的布娃娃身上。

每當(dāng)想起這件事，我就后悔不已。我終于明白，媽媽是愛我的，媽媽的愛使我無比幸?？鞓放c安心。因?yàn)槲蚁嘈?，無論我走到哪里，媽媽都會找到我……