第一篇:國(guó)際商務(wù)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)習(xí)題4
國(guó)際商務(wù)實(shí)用英語(yǔ)習(xí)題
姓名 ______________班級(jí) _______________學(xué)號(hào) _______________
Unit 4
一、單詞短語(yǔ)互譯
much lower than______________ 當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)價(jià)格 ______________
chemical industry ______________ 資源 ______________
rely on ______________ 一定量的______________
mutual benefit ______________ 規(guī)格 ______________
without engagement ______________ 直達(dá)輪船 ______________
long collar ______________ 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) ______________
C&F ______________ 有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的 ______________
result in ______________ 額外費(fèi)用______________
come to terms______________最終客戶 ______________
二、翻譯
1、I’m afraid I disagree with you there._____________________________________________________________
2、In reply to your letter of December 28 …
_____________________________________________________________
3、As there is no direct steamer available from here to Odense, the goods will have to be transshipped at Copenhagen._____________________________________________________________
4、Our end-users here find your price too high and out of line with the prevailing market level._____________________________________________________________
5、The offer must be complete, including all the main terms of the transaction._____________________________________________________________
三、拒絕信包括哪些內(nèi)容?
第二篇:國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)
Course: International Business Spring, 2011
Student Name:(in Chinese)
Student ID:
Case Analysis: Chapter 3, p.52
I.Introduction
Wal—Market is the world largest retailer.It was founded by American retail legend Mr.Sam Walton in Arkansas in 1962.Over forty years later, it has become the world’s largest private employer and retailer, on the top of the Fortune 500 list and has been among the most valuable brands for many years.II.Summary of Key Facts
Slow growth domestically, Wal-Mart entered Mexico in early 1990s with a Mexican partner.Shopping habits were different in Mexico: fresh produce;didn’t buy in large volumes.Wal-Mart adjusted its strategy to meet the local conditions, and became very successful.Next it expanded into Britain, Germany, and South Korea.Consumers there had a preference for higher quality merchandise, and were not attracted to its discount strategy.It pulled out of Germany and South Korea in 2006.Recently, Wal-Mart began to expand in China.Chinese were bargain-hunters and open to the low-price strategy.But it also had to adapt its merchandising and operations strategy to mesh with Chinese culture.III.Analysis of Key Issues
Know what is meant by the culture of a society.Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture, and the business and economic implications of differences in culture.Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace.Appreciate the economic and business implications of cultural change.IV.Implications
From the this case we candiscovery ,international business is differentfrom domestic business because countries are different.We can find that business success in a variety of country requirescross-culture literacy
第三篇:國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)目錄
一、何謂電子商務(wù)
電子商務(wù)已成為21世紀(jì)人類(lèi)信息世界的核心,也并成為引人注目的技術(shù)和應(yīng)用焦點(diǎn)。電子商務(wù)就其性質(zhì)和應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域來(lái)講是個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,絕不能單純理解為“電子”加“商務(wù)”,或者“電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)”與“商務(wù)”概念的簡(jiǎn)單疊加,或者“電子是手段,商業(yè)是目的”。那么,究竟什么是電子商務(wù)呢?
不同的學(xué)者對(duì)于電子商務(wù)有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務(wù)定義為:電子傳輸媒體(電子通信)在交換中(包括產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)買(mǎi)賣(mài))的使用,這些產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)需要從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方的運(yùn)輸,其中運(yùn)輸包括人力運(yùn)輸和數(shù)字運(yùn)輸。不同的學(xué)者對(duì)于電子商務(wù)有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務(wù)定義為:電子傳輸媒體(電子通信)在交換中(包括產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)買(mǎi)賣(mài))的使用,這些產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)需要從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方的運(yùn)輸,其中運(yùn)輸包括人力運(yùn)輸和數(shù)字運(yùn)輸。
Kalakota和Whinston(1997)是從以下幾個(gè)角度定義電子商務(wù):
從通信的角度看,電子商務(wù)是指通過(guò)電話、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者其他電子手段來(lái)傳遞信息,產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)或者支付。
從商務(wù)活動(dòng)的流程來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)是指在于將商業(yè)交易及工作流程自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)應(yīng)用。從服務(wù)的角度來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)是一種用來(lái)滿足廠商及消費(fèi)者的需要,設(shè)法降低服務(wù)和管理成本,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和加快服務(wù)速度的工具。
從在線的角度來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)賣(mài)產(chǎn)品和信息以及其他網(wǎng)上服務(wù)。電子商務(wù)的概念,可以作廣義和狹義上的研討。狹義上的電子商務(wù),有些人把它稱為“電子商貿(mào)”,指通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、內(nèi)部網(wǎng)或增值網(wǎng),以電子方式進(jìn)行的各種交易與管理活動(dòng)。它既包括傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)在各環(huán)節(jié)的電子化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,也包括通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新的商務(wù)模式和新業(yè)態(tài)。這些商貿(mào)活動(dòng),既可以是通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)買(mǎi)賣(mài)產(chǎn)品和提供服務(wù),產(chǎn)品可以是實(shí)體化的,如汽車(chē)、電視,也可以是數(shù)字化的,如新聞、錄像、軟件等基于知識(shí)的產(chǎn)品。此外,還可以提供各類(lèi)服務(wù),如安排旅游、遠(yuǎn)程教育等。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了交易的無(wú)紙化、自動(dòng)化和高效化。
廣義上的電子商務(wù),包括應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代信息通信技術(shù),并按照一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),利用電子化工具 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)包括電子交易在內(nèi)的商務(wù)和行政作業(yè)等商業(yè)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。因此,一方面,電子商務(wù)包括通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子郵件、視頻交換、文件交 換以及EDI所進(jìn)行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的商業(yè)數(shù) 據(jù)交換和通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的電子交易,還包括政府職能部門(mén)所提供的電子化服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行以及跨企業(yè)共同運(yùn)作,覆蓋與商務(wù)活動(dòng)有關(guān)的所有方面;另一方面,電子商務(wù)還包括企業(yè)內(nèi)部的商務(wù)活動(dòng),如生產(chǎn)、管理、財(cái)務(wù)等,也包括企業(yè)間以及企業(yè)與客戶之間的商務(wù)活動(dòng)。它不僅是硬件和軟件的結(jié)合,更是把買(mǎi)家、賣(mài)家、廠家和合作伙拌在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)上利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)設(shè)施結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行運(yùn)營(yíng)。
2.Definition of E-Commerce
Even today, some considerable time after the so called ?dot com/Internet revolution?, e-commerce remains a relatively new, emerging and constantly changing area of business management and information technology.E-commerce is a complex systematic project in its nature and application, which can not be simplified as “electron” plus “commerce”, or “electronic network” plus “commerce”, or “electron is the medium and commerce is the aim”.Then what is E-commerce?
Different scholars define e-commerce in different way.Marilyn Greentein and Todd M.Feinman define e-commerce as: The use of electronic transmission mediums(telecommunications)to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location.Kalakota and Whinston(1997)define e-commerce from these perspectives:
From a communications perspective, e-commerce is the delivery of information, products/ services, or payments over telephone lines, computer networks, or any other electronic means.From a business process perspective, e-commerce is the application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.From a service perspective, e-commerce is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consum-ers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.From an online perspective, e-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling prod-ucts and information on the Internet and other online services.The concept of e-commerce can be discussed in broad sense and narrow sense.EC(Electronic Commerce)in its narrow sense is also sometimes called “electronic trade”.It refers to transactions and management activities conducted the electronic form via the Internet, Intranet or VAN.It includes electronic and net working procedures in traditional trade as well as innovative commerce mode and new state of industry via the Internet.It can provide transactions of products and services via the Internet.Products can be substantial, such as automobiles and televisions.They can also be digital ones, such as knowledge-based products like news, videos, and software and so on.Moreover, it can provide various types of services, such as itinerary, remote education, etc.It has realized the paperless, automatic and effective transactions.EC(Electronic Commerce, e-commerce)in its broad sense refers to the entire business process including electronic transactions and the administrative operation realized by applying electronic tools such as computer, network and modern information communication technology according to certain standards.Therefore, e-commerce, on the one hand, includes the commercial data exchange and on-line electronic transactions via network E-mails, videos, and documents as well as EDI.It also includes the electronic services provided by government departments, cyber-banks and inter-enterprise cooperation.It covers all aspects related to business.On the other hand, it includes the in-enterprise activities such as production, management, finance and so on.It also includes business to business EC and business to customers EC.It is not only the combination of hardware and software, it also enables buyers, sellers, manufacturers, and partners to cooperate
via network technology like Internet and Intranet as well as existing business facilities.不同的學(xué)者對(duì)于電子商務(wù)有不同的定義。Marilyn Greentein 和 Todd M.Feinman將電子商務(wù)定義為:電子傳輸媒體(電子通信)在交換中(包括產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)買(mǎi)賣(mài))的使用,這些產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)需要從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方的運(yùn)輸,其中運(yùn)輸包括人力運(yùn)輸和數(shù)字運(yùn)輸。
Kalakota和Whinston(1997)是從以下幾個(gè)角度定義電子商務(wù):
從通信的角度看,電子商務(wù)是指通過(guò)電話、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或者其他電子手段來(lái)傳遞信息,產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)或者支付。
從商務(wù)活動(dòng)的流程來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)是指在于將商業(yè)交易及工作流程自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)應(yīng)用。從服務(wù)的角度來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)是一種用來(lái)滿足廠商及消費(fèi)者的需要,設(shè)法降低服務(wù)和管理成本,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和加快服務(wù)速度的工具。
從在線的角度來(lái)看,電子商務(wù)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)賣(mài)產(chǎn)品和信息以及其他網(wǎng)上服務(wù)。電子商務(wù)的概念,可以作廣義和狹義上的研討。狹義上的電子商務(wù),有些人把它稱為“電子商貿(mào)”,指通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、內(nèi)部網(wǎng)或增值網(wǎng),以電子方式進(jìn)行的各種交易與管理活動(dòng)。它既包括傳統(tǒng)貿(mào)易活動(dòng)在各環(huán)節(jié)的電子化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,也包括通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新的商務(wù)模式和新業(yè)態(tài)。這些商貿(mào)活動(dòng),既可以是通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)買(mǎi)賣(mài)產(chǎn)品和提供服務(wù),產(chǎn)品可以是實(shí)體化的,如汽車(chē)、電視,也可以是數(shù)字化的,如新聞、錄像、軟件等基于知識(shí)的產(chǎn)品。此外,還可以提供各類(lèi)服務(wù),如安排旅游、遠(yuǎn)程教育等。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了交易的無(wú)紙化、自動(dòng)化和高效化。
廣義上的電子商務(wù),包括應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代信息通信技術(shù),并按照一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),利用電子化工具 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)包括電子交易在內(nèi)的商務(wù)和行政作業(yè)等商業(yè)活動(dòng)的全過(guò)程。因此,一方面,電子商務(wù)包括通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電子郵件、視頻交換、文件交 換以及EDI所進(jìn)行的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的商業(yè)數(shù) 據(jù)交換和通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的電子交易,還包括政府職能部門(mén)所提供的電子化服務(wù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)銀行以及跨企業(yè)共同運(yùn)作,覆蓋與商務(wù)活動(dòng)有關(guān)的所有方面;另一方面,電子商務(wù)還包括企業(yè)內(nèi)部的商務(wù)活動(dòng),如生產(chǎn)、管理、財(cái)務(wù)等,也包括企業(yè)間以及企業(yè)與客戶之間的商務(wù)活動(dòng)。它不僅是硬件和軟件的結(jié)合,更是把買(mǎi)家、賣(mài)家、廠家和合作伙拌在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、內(nèi)聯(lián)網(wǎng)等網(wǎng)絡(luò)上利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)設(shè)施結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行運(yùn)營(yíng)。
為什么選擇電子商務(wù)
電子商務(wù)解決方案就是在商務(wù)運(yùn)作的各個(gè)方面都實(shí)施電子格式。許多廣為接受的企業(yè)已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行了多年的銷(xiāo)售活動(dòng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)企業(yè)采納了電子商務(wù)方案,就能降低運(yùn)作成本同時(shí)
提高贏利。電子商務(wù)解決方案使得企業(yè)減少不必要的紙質(zhì)文件。所有的紙質(zhì)文件和數(shù)據(jù)都能被轉(zhuǎn)換成電子格式。這樣,它就節(jié)省了寶貴的文件架的空間,而且可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)搜索并獲得數(shù)據(jù)。
電子商務(wù)也使得銷(xiāo)售過(guò)程自動(dòng)化。顧客可以點(diǎn)擊他們所希望購(gòu)買(mǎi)得產(chǎn)品,填寫(xiě)顧客信息,產(chǎn)品將在幾天之內(nèi)被運(yùn)送到顧客手中。管理部門(mén)不需要填寫(xiě)任何的紙質(zhì)文件,因?yàn)轭櫩鸵呀?jīng)完成此項(xiàng)工作。這樣就大大提高了工作效率。使用電子商務(wù)解決方案,企業(yè)可以一天24小時(shí),一周7天地進(jìn)行商業(yè)運(yùn)作。全世界任何地方的人只要擁有網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接就可以在任何時(shí)間訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站。他們不會(huì)被“正?!眰鹘y(tǒng)的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間所禁錮。一個(gè)實(shí)體企業(yè)通常只能把他們的服務(wù)局限于他所在的地區(qū)。但是通過(guò)電子商務(wù)解決方案,企業(yè)可以超出此范圍,而拓展到全球的在線市場(chǎng)上。基本上,企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)曝光率就大大地提高了。
促使企業(yè)在其商業(yè)運(yùn)作中采用電子商務(wù)解決方案的理由有許多。其中以下幾點(diǎn)尤為重要:
1.樹(shù)立形象
全世界有成百萬(wàn)的人使用萬(wàn)維網(wǎng),這一點(diǎn)絕對(duì)不能為任何企業(yè)所忽視。為了成為在線社區(qū)的一部分,一個(gè)企業(yè)需要讓自己出現(xiàn)在萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)上。因?yàn)槿绻贿@么做,它的對(duì)手一定會(huì)的。
2.加強(qiáng)公眾興趣
一家小公司沒(méi)法讓《新聞周刊》報(bào)道它地方店鋪的開(kāi)張典禮,但如果該公司的網(wǎng)頁(yè)新穎有趣,那么它的網(wǎng)址也許會(huì)被《新聞周刊》刊登。而且即便《新聞周刊》刊登出該企業(yè)新店開(kāi)張的消息,對(duì)于一個(gè)在另一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的城市的讀者也沒(méi)有什么意義,除非他們最近會(huì)去那個(gè)城市。了解網(wǎng)頁(yè)信息以后,任何一個(gè)能夠上到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他們網(wǎng)頁(yè)的人都可能就是他們的潛在訪問(wèn)者并能成為他們的潛在顧客。
3.極大節(jié)省成本
開(kāi)展電子商務(wù)業(yè)務(wù),而不是傳統(tǒng)公司業(yè)務(wù),啟動(dòng)費(fèi)用和營(yíng)業(yè)間接成本可以大大削減。一開(kāi)始籌辦傳統(tǒng)公司,你很快就會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)成本迅速增加。單單啟動(dòng)費(fèi)用一項(xiàng),就會(huì)消耗數(shù)千美元的創(chuàng)業(yè)基金。但是如果你只打算開(kāi)展網(wǎng)上商店一個(gè)方面業(yè)務(wù),所需要的網(wǎng)上店面,包括虛擬主機(jī),域名,設(shè)計(jì)在內(nèi),僅僅需要幾百美元。此外,傳統(tǒng)公司業(yè)務(wù)需要支付房租,水電費(fèi),保險(xiǎn),總支出每月將達(dá)數(shù)千美元。而電子商務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)所必要的維護(hù)費(fèi)用僅僅是申請(qǐng)域名和主機(jī)采買(mǎi),在大多數(shù)情況下,支出總額不到500美元??蛻魰?huì)議可以在當(dāng)?shù)氐目Х葟d,餐廳進(jìn)行,或根據(jù)需要選擇場(chǎng)所,這樣可以免去設(shè)立辦公室,而且可以使與會(huì)對(duì)方并允許對(duì)方處在在一個(gè)中立的位置,感覺(jué)更加輕松。
4.銷(xiāo)售貨物
許多人認(rèn)為銷(xiāo)售貨物是利用萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)能做的第一件事。但是企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)首先做到上述兩點(diǎn),然后才開(kāi)始在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)上展開(kāi)銷(xiāo)售活動(dòng)。為什么?因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)跊Q定購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前,他們希望了解該企業(yè)及該企業(yè)能為他們做什么?在萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)上能簡(jiǎn)單并低價(jià)地進(jìn)行什么商業(yè)活動(dòng)?然后他們才有可能成為客戶。
5.獲得所企盼的大眾市場(chǎng)
萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)用戶可能是企業(yè)可獲得的最廣泛的大眾市場(chǎng)群。他們通常受過(guò)大學(xué)教育或者正在接受大學(xué)教育,工資收入可觀或者即將獲得可觀的收入。難怪網(wǎng)絡(luò)社區(qū)的當(dāng)紅雜志《網(wǎng)路》輕易就接到雷克薩斯和其他高端市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)商的青睞。
6.開(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)際市場(chǎng)
一家企業(yè)不可能去了解所有的潛在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的郵件,電話和法規(guī)體系。有了電子商務(wù)方案,它能易如反掌地與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)對(duì)話,就像和街對(duì)面的公司溝通一樣簡(jiǎn)單。事實(shí)上,在走向網(wǎng)絡(luò)之前,企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)決定它如何處理即將來(lái)臨的國(guó)際貿(mào)易,因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的出現(xiàn)必將
帶來(lái)國(guó)際機(jī)遇,不論該企業(yè)是否有此計(jì)劃。
7.創(chuàng)立24小時(shí)服務(wù)
不是所有的企業(yè)都使用同樣的時(shí)間表。商業(yè)活動(dòng)是世界性的,但辦公時(shí)間卻不是。對(duì)于一個(gè)美國(guó)公司,試圖進(jìn)入亞洲或者歐洲市場(chǎng)會(huì)非常麻煩。然而,網(wǎng)頁(yè)就可以每天24小時(shí),每周7天為客戶、顧客和合作伙伴提供服務(wù)。它可以定制信息來(lái)滿足需求并收集重要信息使企業(yè)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占領(lǐng)優(yōu)勢(shì),甚至可以在開(kāi)始辦公之前就把信息收集好。
8.快速地變更信息
有時(shí)候,還沒(méi)等資料印好,信息就變了,留給企業(yè)一堆造價(jià)不菲的廢紙。而電子出版物可以根據(jù)需要而改變,不用紙張,不用墨水,也不用付任何印刷費(fèi)用。它甚至可以把網(wǎng)頁(yè)附到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里,從而定制網(wǎng)頁(yè)的輸出內(nèi)容。企業(yè)可以根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)更新數(shù)據(jù)。這種靈活性是任何打印文件所無(wú)法媲美的。
9.允許顧客的反饋
當(dāng)你分發(fā)宣傳冊(cè)、彩頁(yè)和小冊(cè)子時(shí),它們不一定會(huì)帶來(lái)收效。沒(méi)有銷(xiāo)售額,沒(méi)有電話,沒(méi)有反饋數(shù)據(jù)。到底是哪里出錯(cuò)了呢?在你最終找到答案之前你可以嘗試各種可能。然而你可能沒(méi)有時(shí)間或者金錢(qián)去等到這一天。有了網(wǎng)頁(yè),一個(gè)企業(yè)可以得到反饋并不用付出任何額外成本??梢栽诰W(wǎng)頁(yè)中設(shè)置一個(gè)即時(shí)的電子郵件回復(fù)并在顧客剛有答案時(shí)就獲得它們,這樣無(wú)需成本即可得到確實(shí)的商業(yè)回復(fù)。
很顯然,電子商務(wù)解決方案可以使企業(yè)在許多方面獲利。實(shí)施電子商務(wù)解決方案可以產(chǎn)生一個(gè)全新的收入流,增加市場(chǎng)曝光率,減少運(yùn)行成本。許多世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)都在他們的商務(wù)運(yùn)作中采納了電子商務(wù)解決方案。許多著名的實(shí)體企業(yè)都開(kāi)始在網(wǎng)上樹(shù)立他們的商業(yè)形象。比如,北美的的頂級(jí)零售書(shū)商Barnes & Nobles 已經(jīng)緊隨亞馬遜書(shū)店發(fā)布了網(wǎng)站。亞馬遜書(shū)店是書(shū)籍和音樂(lè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷(xiāo)售的領(lǐng)軍企業(yè),被譽(yù)為當(dāng)今世界最有效的商業(yè)運(yùn)作形式之一。
第四篇:國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)
21、雖然多數(shù)合同并不引起糾紛,但合同是依法實(shí)施的,任何一方當(dāng)事人若未能履行合同義務(wù),可能會(huì)受到起訴并被強(qiáng)制作出賠償。
It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、雖然易貨貿(mào)易是原始、低效,并且昂貴的貿(mào)易方式,但是發(fā)展中國(guó)家巨大的債務(wù)以及世界上大量的商品過(guò)剩使其不可避免。
Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、對(duì)銷(xiāo)貿(mào)易可幫助有嚴(yán)重債務(wù)的國(guó)家繼續(xù)進(jìn)口商品而實(shí)際上向債權(quán)人掩蓋出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中,由于交易當(dāng)事人很難充分了解彼此的財(cái)務(wù)信息和信譽(yù)狀況,很難建立相互信任。
In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果進(jìn)口國(guó)的政局穩(wěn)定,而且又有出口商信任的代理人,出口商就可以采用寄售方式,待貨賣(mài)出后再收回貨款。
If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交單的情況下,進(jìn)口商在承兌了出口商所開(kāi)出的匯票后,便可得到單據(jù),而付款則要晚于這個(gè)時(shí)間。
In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、賣(mài)方憑提交的正確無(wú)誤的單據(jù)得到貨款,買(mǎi)方憑規(guī)定的單據(jù)得到貨物,這種雙邊保證是信用證獨(dú)特的,具有代表性的特征。
Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods.This bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、受益人要對(duì)信用證的所有內(nèi)容進(jìn)行認(rèn)真審核,以便保證安全及時(shí)地收到貨款。
He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、國(guó)際貿(mào)易中所使用的信用證多數(shù)為跟單信用證,即要求裝運(yùn)單據(jù)和匯票提示的信用證。Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e.credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30、可撤銷(xiāo)信用證是指在未同受益人協(xié)商的情況下對(duì)承諾進(jìn)行改變,甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在保兌信用證中受益人得到雙重付款保證,因?yàn)楸躲y行,在開(kāi)證行承擔(dān)付款義務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上又加上自己的承諾。
Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各種單證上所列的商品名稱、數(shù)量、金額等項(xiàng)目要嚴(yán)格地與信用證上所列的項(xiàng)目一致。All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount
must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、商業(yè)發(fā)票是所要求的最常見(jiàn)的單證之一。它是繕制其他單證的基礎(chǔ)。
Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents.It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提單是國(guó)際貿(mào)易中最重要的單證之一。有了它,合法持有者才可以到目的地提貨。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常見(jiàn)的運(yùn)輸方式有水路、鐵路、公路、管道及航空運(yùn)輸。
The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、運(yùn)輸在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中起著重要的作用。一方面,它將原材料、勞動(dòng)力運(yùn)到所需的地方。另一方面,將中間產(chǎn)品運(yùn)到其他廠商供生產(chǎn)使用或把制成品運(yùn)到消費(fèi)者手中。
Transportation plays an important role in production.On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed.On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保險(xiǎn)單是投保人與承保人之間的保險(xiǎn)契約。一旦投保人購(gòu)買(mǎi)了保單,其特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就從投保人轉(zhuǎn)移到承保人。
Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer.Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.38、由承保人從投保人處收集的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)作為共同基金,受損方的索賠費(fèi)從此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、貨物保險(xiǎn)是一種旨在將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從進(jìn)口商和出口商轉(zhuǎn)移到專門(mén)承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)一方的活動(dòng)。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大誠(chéng)信原則適用于各種保險(xiǎn),如某人要投保人壽險(xiǎn),他要如實(shí)告知其身體狀況。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance.If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隱瞞任何事情,或故意誤導(dǎo),其行為都被視為欺詐,因此保險(xiǎn)合同無(wú)效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在賠償保險(xiǎn)索賠時(shí),憑借保險(xiǎn)合同,保險(xiǎn)公司將使受損人的利益恢復(fù)到發(fā)生損害前的同等狀況。
In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、第一次民界大戰(zhàn)之前,金本位制建立了固定匯率制,每個(gè)國(guó)家通過(guò)將本國(guó)貨幣與黃金掛鉤來(lái)確定其貨幣的平價(jià)。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定條件下,提高利率可以吸引國(guó)外短期資金,提高一國(guó)的外匯匯率。
Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.45、外匯匯率有三種形式,即:買(mǎi)進(jìn)匯率、售出匯率和兩者的平均值——中間匯率。
There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous two—the medial rate.46、國(guó)際復(fù)興開(kāi)發(fā)銀行由160個(gè)國(guó)家政府所共同擁有,其貸款的主要來(lái)源是在世界資本市場(chǎng)上的借貸。
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries.It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界銀行對(duì)貸款作了各項(xiàng)規(guī)定。它明確貸款必須以生產(chǎn)力為目的,必須促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),同時(shí)還要具有償還能力。
The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation.It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.48、對(duì)外直接投資是國(guó)際投資的主要方式,一國(guó)居民為進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和經(jīng)營(yíng)通過(guò)對(duì)外投資獲取各國(guó)的資產(chǎn)。
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企業(yè)進(jìn)行對(duì)外投資的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)之一。而降低生產(chǎn)成本是考慮的一個(gè)重要方面。
Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI.And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即時(shí)庫(kù)存管理系統(tǒng)的引進(jìn)能最大限度地降低庫(kù)存從而提高經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.51、證券所起著兩個(gè)重要作用,它既是長(zhǎng)期資本的融資市場(chǎng),又是各類(lèi)投資債券的交易市場(chǎng)。The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在證交所或其他股票市場(chǎng)公開(kāi)掛牌交易。
The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的總目標(biāo)體現(xiàn)了各成員國(guó)的向往,即提高生活水平,提供充分就業(yè),持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地增加收入和有效需求,充分利用世界資源擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)。
The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the world’s resources and the expansion of production.54、烏拉圭回合和世界貿(mào)易組織的建立改變了世界貿(mào)易體系的性質(zhì)。
The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、盡管關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是以無(wú)判別待遇為原則的,但欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍指責(zé)關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是只考慮發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家利益的“富人俱樂(lè)部”。
Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用強(qiáng)制性的自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償措施被看作解決發(fā)展中國(guó)家的貿(mào)易條件惡化問(wèn)題的一種方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.57、為了促進(jìn)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程,西方國(guó)家應(yīng)開(kāi)放他們的制造市場(chǎng),或提供優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅政策。
Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.
第五篇:國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)總結(jié)-
國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)個(gè)人總結(jié)
我很榮幸能能被集團(tuán)公司列入千人計(jì)劃,七個(gè)月的商務(wù)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)轉(zhuǎn)眼即逝,通過(guò)這七個(gè)月的培訓(xùn),我受益匪淺。在這兒不緊把我的英語(yǔ)大幅度的提升,還學(xué)習(xí)了和中國(guó)不同的西方商務(wù)禮儀,并結(jié)交了集團(tuán)公司各方面的精英,為我以后在國(guó)際上工作奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)也能為公司奉獻(xiàn)自己更大的力量!
因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)工作好幾年,英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)幾乎忘光了。剛來(lái)到這兒的時(shí)候第一節(jié)課接觸的就是外教,上課間沒(méi)有一句漢語(yǔ),這讓我很難明白外教的教學(xué)內(nèi)容。記得第一次上交流課時(shí),我每說(shuō)一句英語(yǔ)都要提前查一下單詞并思考一下語(yǔ)句,并且從第一句話開(kāi)始我已經(jīng)開(kāi)始冒汗!所以我需要更加努力,首先我定制了屬于我自己的計(jì)劃,上課努力去聽(tīng)的同時(shí)我需要記下生詞,直到能熟練運(yùn)用。漸漸的我能聽(tīng)懂外教的課程并且慢慢融入整個(gè)課堂!
通過(guò)這次英語(yǔ)的培訓(xùn)總結(jié)了以下幾點(diǎn):
1、學(xué)語(yǔ)言是枯燥乏味的,且沒(méi)有捷徑。盡管不能否認(rèn),好的教材,輔助設(shè)備,老師,環(huán)境,以及個(gè)人的恒心乃至天分,都對(duì)學(xué)好外語(yǔ)有一定作用。然而絕不存在一種超越一切普通方法的神招妙術(shù)。國(guó)內(nèi)流行過(guò)無(wú)數(shù)的國(guó)外英語(yǔ)教材和五花八門(mén)的學(xué)習(xí)方法,然而無(wú)不是曇花一現(xiàn)。常識(shí)和專家早就告訴我們:學(xué)外語(yǔ)和學(xué)其他一種技能一樣,只能靠日積月累,無(wú)論什么方法都一樣。
2、“成功”與否取決于具體目標(biāo)。十個(gè)學(xué)外語(yǔ)的人大概就有十種不同的目地。例如考級(jí),職稱,學(xué)分,工作需要,留學(xué),進(jìn)入外企,上網(wǎng)瀏覽,乃至于看懂產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)等等。目的不同,所要投入的時(shí)間和精力也大不相同。例如對(duì)于一個(gè)受過(guò)中等以上教育,除了“ABC”之外基本沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的人,看懂簡(jiǎn)短的英語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)也只需半小時(shí)。要通過(guò)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)則需不止幾個(gè)半小時(shí)甚至幾天。若要達(dá)到和自己的母語(yǔ)一樣的水平,能夠在國(guó)外進(jìn)行商務(wù)談判,唯一的辦法就是不斷的學(xué)習(xí),天天使用。
3、學(xué)習(xí)的方法和側(cè)重點(diǎn)也取決于學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)。我感到國(guó)內(nèi)目前流行的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)方式太強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng),說(shuō),讀,寫(xiě)面面俱到的訓(xùn)練。其實(shí)絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者是沒(méi)有或很少有機(jī)會(huì)“說(shuō)”和“寫(xiě)”的。因此這種訓(xùn)練往往是事倍功半。因?yàn)閷W(xué)得再好不用很快就忘記了。對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō),“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)”是唯一有實(shí)際效用,也是唯一能夠盡快掌握的技能。通過(guò)我堅(jiān)持不懈的努力,語(yǔ)音標(biāo)準(zhǔn),能用英語(yǔ)表述流暢,通曉英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)法,并通過(guò)后期的FDIC課程,掌握了一定數(shù)量的工程英語(yǔ)詞匯。能夠適應(yīng)集團(tuán)公司在國(guó)外從事國(guó)際工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)對(duì)外語(yǔ)的需求,具有勝任各項(xiàng)任務(wù)的能力。掌握了常用商務(wù)信函格式,能夠撰寫(xiě)各類(lèi)商務(wù)信函,對(duì)在不同文化背景下對(duì)信函準(zhǔn)確內(nèi)涵的理解。并了解了國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和國(guó)際商務(wù)知識(shí),世界地緣政治。了解了國(guó)外及東道國(guó)的地理位置、自然條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施狀況、具有在東道國(guó)進(jìn)行國(guó)際工程項(xiàng)目組織管理的能力。提高了英語(yǔ)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,能夠熟練的運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)解決國(guó)際工程建設(shè)中的各種商務(wù)問(wèn)題。并了解團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的精神,團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的意義與作用,具有團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的組織與管理能力。
尤為重要的一點(diǎn),使我們進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)略了集團(tuán)公司的“走出去戰(zhàn)略”的發(fā)展理念。如果可以的話,希望自己能夠在國(guó)外為公司創(chuàng)造更多的榮譽(yù),灑下更多的汗水,為我們公司的蓬勃發(fā)展獻(xiàn)出點(diǎn)滴的貢獻(xiàn)!讓公司更上一層樓。
耿士超
2016年6月29日