第一篇：2014年職稱英語考試綜合類教材對比

2014年全國職稱英語考試教材于2013年11月15日正式發(fā)行，為了幫助廣大考生盡快了解2014年職稱英語考試教材，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)職稱英語頻道第一時間為您做了職稱英語考試教材對比，以供參考，敬請關(guān)注。題型 2014

第一部分 詞匯選項 無變化

第二部分 閱讀判斷 第九篇 What is a dream

第十一篇 Stage fright

第三部分 概括大意與完成句子 第八篇 Screen test

第十三篇 Ward off travel bugs

第四部分 閱讀理解 第二十九篇 I'll be bach

第三十六篇 Life as a movie extra

第五部分 補全短文 第三篇 Are online friends real friend

第十四篇 The sandwich generation

第六部分 完形填空 無變化

備注 無變化 新增 新增 新增 新增 無變化

第二篇：2006年職稱英語考試綜合類A級答案

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2006年職稱英語考試綜合類A級答案

答案：C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 CD 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 DA 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 AB 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 BA 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 CD 27 C 28 E 29 D 30 B

C 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 B

C 37 D 38 A 39 D 40 B

B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 A

D 47 F 48 E 49 C 50 A

C 52 B 53 D 54 D 55 A

D 57 B 58 C 59 A 60 D

C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B

其中：

1－30每題1分；

31－45每題3分；

46－50每題2分；

51－65每題1分。

試卷總分：100分。

第三篇：2011年職稱英語考試綜合類C級單詞精選

addict: v.使沉溺于(addict oneself to(= be addicted to)沉溺于，熱中于)in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外;additional adj.附加的, 另外的;補充的

address n.收信(件)人的住址 v.對...講演或發(fā)表演說;(address a meeting 向大會致辭)adequate adj.足夠的,恰當(dāng)?shù)?勝任的(be adequate for..勝任?)(adequate – enough –sufficient足夠的)adjust v.調(diào)整;調(diào)節(jié);使適應(yīng)(adjust oneself to sth./使自己適應(yīng)..)admire v.贊美;贊賞;(admire sb.for sth./因?而欽佩某人)admit v.讓...進(jìn)入, 使獲得(某種地位或特權(quán)), 承認(rèn)(事實、錯誤等)(admit sb.into the university/獲準(zhǔn)入大學(xué);admit sb.to hospital/把某人收治入院);adopt v.采用, 采納(adopt –take采用)adult n.成年人(adult –grown-up成年人)advance v./n.提高(物價等), 增加(數(shù)量、價錢等), 提前, 加速, 撥快(時針)(in advance/預(yù)先)(advance-increase增加(數(shù)量、價錢等))advantage n.優(yōu)勢, 長處, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/利用，欺騙)(advantageacccept), 呈(態(tài)度, 姿態(tài), 位置)(assume new duties/承擔(dān)新的職務(wù);assume office/就職;assume responsibility/負(fù)責(zé), 承擔(dān)責(zé)任);assure v.保證(assumeahead of – prior to在...之前)begin:(began, begun, beginning)v.開始, 首先(begin to do sth./開始..;to begin with/首先;(begin – start開始)beginner n.初學(xué)者;beginning n.開始, 起點, 開端部分 adj.初等的, 初級的(at the beginning/從一開始;at the beginning of/在...初;from beginning to end;in the beginning/當(dāng)初, 開始時);behalf n.利益, 代表(on behalf of/代表, 為了;on sb.’s behalf/以某人的名義, 代表某人);behavior n.舉止, 行為;behind prep.在?后面;向?后面;being(be的現(xiàn)在分詞)n.存在, 存在物(a human being/人;for the time being/暫時, 目前);belief(pl.beliefs)n.(宗教)信仰, 信心, 信條(have a strong belief in sth./虔誠地信仰..);believe v.相信, 信任(believe sb./信任某人;believe in/信仰, 信任;believe it or not/信不信由你);belong v.屬于(to)(belong to/屬于);below prep.在?的下面, 低于? adv.在較低處, 在下面

beneath adv.在...之下prep.在...之下, 緊靠著..的底下;(beneath– below – under prep.在?的下面)beneficial adj.有利[益]的(to), 受益的(be beneficial to/有益于);(beneficialprofit利益), v.有益于, 有助于,(常與from, by連用)獲益;得益于(for the benefit of/為了...的好處);beside prep.在?旁邊(beside the point/離題;beside oneself/幾乎發(fā)狂);(beside – near在?的近旁)besides prep.除?以外adv.此外, 而且(besides – in addition此外, 而且)(besides 和except 都含“除...外”的意思。besides指“除...外, 另外還有”, 著重“另外還有”, 如:I have five other books besides this.除這本以外, 我還有五本別的書。except的含意是“從整體里減去一部分”, 著重于“排除在外”, 如:We all went there except Xiao Li.除了小李以外, 我們都到那兒去)best(good 的最高級;well 的最高級)adj.最好的adv.最好地,n 最好的東西(try/do one’s best to do sth./盡最大的努力做..;the best and the worst最好的和最差的;make the best of/盡量利用;at best/至多)better(good 的比較級;well 的比較級)adj.較好的，更好的，(健康)好轉(zhuǎn)的adv.更好地,更多地(Better late than never.(諺)遲做總比不做好;had better do sth.最好做..;had better not to so sth./最好不做..);between prep.在(兩者)之間;處在...之間(between一般用于兩者之間，而 among用于二者以上)beyond prep.[表示位置]在[向]...的那邊, 在...之外;[表示范圍, 限度]超出 bicycle n.自行車(ride a bicycle/騎自行車)big(bigger, biggest)adj.大的, 重要的

bill n.帳單, 鈔票(a 10-dollar bill/一張10美元的鈔票;pay the bill for../付..的帳單)billion n.十億

bind(bound, bound)v.捆, 綁, 縛, 扎,(用繃帶)包扎(up), 約束, 使粘合(bind up a wound/包扎傷口)biological adj.生物學(xué)，生物學(xué)的;bird n.鳥(birds of a feather/同類的人;一丘之貉 kill 2 birds with one stone/一舉兩得，一箭雙雕);birth n.出生，誕生，起源(give birth to/生育, 引起)birthday n.生日;bit(bite 的過去式和過去分詞)n.小塊;少許(a bit(of)/有點;稍微;bit by bit/漸漸，一點一點);bitter adj.苦的，痛苦的

black adj.黑色的 n.黑色(black –dark 暗黑的)blame v.指責(zé)，歸咎把(某事)責(zé)任歸于?(blame sb.for sth./因某事責(zé)備某人);blank adj.空白的，空著的;沒有表情的(blank – emptyenhance增加;提高);n.增加;提高(boost prices/提高價格);border n.邊界，邊(board – verge邊界)v.與??接壤，接近(on the border/ verge of/在??的邊界上;將要;boring adj.令人厭煩的;單調(diào)沉悶的(boring – troublesome(B)brief短暫的)(in brief/簡單地說;簡明扼要的);briefly adv.暫時地，簡要地;bright adj.明亮的，燦爛的, 聰明的;(bright – clever – intelligent – smart –wise 聰明的)brilliant adj.燦爛的(brilliant-bright)，有才氣的;卓越的(brilliant – outstanding卓越的);bring v.拿來，帶來，產(chǎn)生;引起(bring about/引起，造成;bring forward/把??提前;提出;bring out/使出現(xiàn)，使顯露;bring up/提出;養(yǎng)育);Britain n.英國;不列顛(英格蘭，威爾士和蘇格蘭的總稱;British adj.不列顛的;不列顛人的;英國的;英國人的n.不列顛人，英國人;broad adj.寬的，廣泛的;(broad –wide寬的)broadcast n.廣播;播音 v廣播播送，播放;brother n.兄弟;budget n.預(yù)算;build v.建造，建筑(build up/堆積，逐步建立);(build--establish建立, 創(chuàng)立)building n.建筑物，建筑業(yè);burn v.燒，使感覺燒熱(burn out/(使)燒壞;燒光;燒盡;burn up/燒完;燒盡;燒光);burst v.爆裂，爆發(fā)(burst into tears[laughter]/突然大笑[突然大哭]);bus n.公共汽車(take the bus/乘公共汽車;get on[off] a bus/上[下]公共汽車);business n.商業(yè);買賣;交易;生意;事情

busy adj.忙碌的;熱鬧的(be busy with [about, in]/忙于;keep sb.busy/不讓某人空閑);but prep.除??以外 conj.而是，但是;adv.幾乎，僅僅(but for/要不是);buy v.買;(but – purchase 購買)by prep.在附近，在旁邊;經(jīng)，由;依據(jù)，按照;通過;用 adv.通過，經(jīng)過;附近(by air/railway/sea/plane/bus/乘飛機/火車/船/飛機/公共汽車;pass by/經(jīng)過;by the rule/按規(guī)則;by oneself/單獨，獨自);cake n.蛋糕，餅(a piece of cake/[口]輕松的事，愉快的事);calculate v.計算，考慮(calculate on(upon)/指望著，期待著);(calculate – count – figure 計算)call n.叫聲;命令，號召;v.呼叫;召集;稱呼;打電話(call for/需要;要求;call off/取消;call on/拜訪;call for help/呼救;call sb./叫??;給??打電話);calm adj.(天氣、海洋等)靜的 v.(使)平靜，(使)鎮(zhèn)定;平息(keep calm!/安靜!保持鎮(zhèn)靜!calm down/使平息，使平靜);

第四篇：2014年職稱英語考試備考：綜合類A級單詞精選

2014年職稱英語考試備考：綜合類A級單詞精選

an art.一(個)；每一(個)；(同類事物中的)任何一個

abandon vt.放棄；遺棄；丟棄

abbreviation n.(用詞首字母組成的)縮寫

abide vi.(by)遵守、堅持

ability n.能力，本領(lǐng)才能，才識

able a.有(能力、時間、知識等)做；有本事的，能干的abnormal a.反常的，變態(tài)的；不規(guī)則的aboard ad.& prep.在船(車、飛行器)上，上船(車、飛行器)

abolish vt.廢除，取消

abortion n.流產(chǎn)，墮胎

about prep.在…周圍；ad.關(guān)于，對于；附近，周圍，到處

above prep.在…之上，高于；a.上述的，上面的；ad.在上面，往上，更多abroad ad.到國外，在海外遍布，到處

abrupt 形容詞 a.突然的;意外的；(態(tài)度等)唐突的,魯莽的；陡峭的,險峻的；(文章風(fēng)格等)不連貫的

第五篇：2008年職稱英語考試綜合類(A級)真題

2008年職稱英語考試綜合類（A級）真題

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1.With immense relief，l Stopped running.A somehttp

B enormous

C little

D extensive

2.The scientists began to accumulate data.A collect

B handle

C analyze

D investigate

3.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hithttp

B passed

C reached

D led

4.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possible

B profitable

C easy

D wise

5.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A fact

B mystery

C statement

D game

6.That guy is really witty.A smart

B ugly

C honorable

D popular

7.The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonable

B dramatic

C humiliating

D horrifying

8.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A prepared

B trained

C qualified

D guided

9.This poem depicts.the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praises

B writes

C imitates

D describes

10.The meaning is still obscure

A vague

B transparent

C alien

D significant

11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.A destroy

B decrease

C delay

D pollute

12.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumes

B expectshttp

C predicts

D considers

13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A remember

B follow

C understand

D learn

14.I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.A awkward

B strange

C stupid

D awful there should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbid

B advocate

C inherit

D withdraw

第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

What Is Giobalization ?

It was the anti—globalization movement that really put globalization on the map.As a word it has existed since the 1 960s，but the protests against this allegedly new process，which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people’S lives，brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.()

In the late 1 980s and early 1 990s.the business model called the“globalized”financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched.Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business，or running financial markets—it became a process.From then on the word took on a life of its own.So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible;for

the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India，or for a sportswear(運動服)manufacturer to design its products in Europe，make them in south.east Asia and sell them in north America.()

But this is where the anti—globalization side gets stuck in(關(guān)注).If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas.then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations，or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place。

Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil，or that globalized

corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations.Some say that the spread of globalization，free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty—the only problem is that free markets and free()trade do not yet truly exist.Globalization can be seen as a positive，negative or even marginal process.And regardless of whether it works for good or ill，globalization’S exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose，support or simply observe it。

16.Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()

17.Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18.Modern communications play an important role in globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19.Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20.The opponent believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21.The opponents think that globalization corporations have more power than nations.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22.Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～5段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

A New Citizenship Test Last week a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US—CLS).It will be tried out in 1 0 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the USflag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes。Instead ofhaving to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why thereare three.“The goal is to make it more meaningful.”explains Emilio Gonzalez，director of theUS—CIS。Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better“understanding and respect”for US civic(公民的)values，Gonzalez says.The US isn’t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a“ sharedcommitment”from immigrants for their adopted country’s“values”，In recent years，Inaddition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status-severalEuropean countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenshiptest last November.In March，a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would—beimmigrants to take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude(裸體的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性戀的)men kissing in public.The aim was toensure that“newcomers will be comfortable with the country’S liberal social mores(風(fēng)俗)”.Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they becomehostile to each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for Europeancountries.after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū))in France and the killingof Dutch public figures by religious extremists.Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or herknowledge of the country.However，some critics say that the changes can do little to helppeople’assimilate(同化)themselves.“Immigration is a culture war today-Is giving a newtest the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?”says Ali Noorani，of theMassachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(難民辯護(hù)聯(lián)盟)paragraph 2___________ paragraph 3___________ paragraph 4___________ paragraph 5___________

A.Preparation for taking a citizenship test

B.Citizenship tests in European counties

C.Importance of promoting integration

D.Necessity to know the branches of government

E.Different On the new citizenship test

F.Goal of the new citizenship test The qu~on8inthe new citizenship test are more difficult________.Would—beimmigrant8totheUS are expected________.In the Dutch citizenship test all would-be immigrants are required________.Some people fear that change in the citizenship test will do little________.A to know a lot more about the country

B to watch a video

C to helpimmignt8 accept the new culture

D to marry American citizens

E to do low-skill jobs

F to answer()

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities

The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition-People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.Squares，plazas(廣場)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and caf6s.In Barcelona，Spain，LaBosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods.London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(雜技演員)and artists by night.The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive.In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes，”said Garreau-“ Those have all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars.restaurants and cafes were near to，people’s homes.Today，the focus of many Europeans’life has moved away from the centers.They live in the suburbs and outskirts，driving to supermarkets to get their supplies.But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally.These people.together with tourists，provide the city centers with the reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing.this is Particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists this skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(濃咖啡)and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People In Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis.Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets.cafes and bars In the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo。The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy IS surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.31.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe

A.has many large squares.B.has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C.draws tourists in large numbers every year

D.has a center where tourists meet their spouses.32.Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?

A.It is crowded with people.B.It is located in London.C.it is filled with stalls.D.It is surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and cafes

33.Why do people think that Venice is SO great?

A.Because it is a famous tourist attraction.B.Because you can reach anywhere by boat.C.Because it is well.known for Its merchants.D.Because all the mistakes have been removed.34.What are Parisians famous for?

A.Their pursuit of independence.B.Their enthusiasm for conversation.C.Their ability to keep the city flourishing.D.Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.35.The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that

A.there is a tight link between church and society.B.all churches are magnificent.C.old churches are very popular.D.high—rise churches are impressive.第二篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：t “I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing。

Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people。They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 1 0 weeks，the subjects lost 45ka on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.The results were surprising：by metabolic(新陳代謝的)measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn'tresult In normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non—obese people.Thin people，however, suffer from the opposjte ：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight?In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent。But months after the study ended.they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight。the findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60_69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.36.What determines your weight?

A.Your working manner

B.Your eating habit。

C.Your life style.D.Your genes.37.What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

A.He let them skip supper

B.He let them skip breakfast.C.He let them run every morning and evening.D.He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.38.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A.They went mad.B.They killed themselves.C.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide.39.Ethan Sims made his subjects

A.battle their genetic inheritance

B.increase their weight.C.suffer from hunger

D.lower their weight.40.What did scientists think was true?

A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C.Each person wants to control his or her weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content

第三篇 Shaming Punishments

Last month，James Connolly，a junior at the University of Massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(長袍)as punishment.His crime? He was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for less—serious crimes，such as drunk driving and theft.They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威懾).For example，in Tennessee，Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters(商店貨物扒手)stand outside Wal — Mart with signs that read，“I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”，“Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation(譴責(zé))of the criminal，”said Dan Kahan，a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the university’S website.“They aren’t shameful enough。”

Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet(紅色的)Letter punishments.The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’S 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter.In this novel，a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A”on her clothes as punishment forher adultery(通奸).However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.“Early societies often had are— acceptance’ ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,”says Hosmanek.“Contemporary punishments in America lack this.”

Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values。Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.Others aren’t SO sure?！癟here is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes.And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society，”said Hosmanek.“So，a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself.”

Experts also debate shaming punishment’S damage to human dignity.“Since the point is to shame，it's of course degrading(侮辱人格的)，”said Linda Malone，director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.“US law only prohibits punishment that is‘cruel and unusual’一not‘inhuman and degrading’.it's very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ‘cruel and unusual’.”

41.James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPT

A.illegally possessing alcoh01

B.smuggling drugs

C.drinking at an illegal age

D.making too much noise at a party

42.Which of the following punishments does NOT morally condemn a criminal?

A.Holding a sign that announces his or her crime

B.Publishing his or her name on a website

C.Apologizing for the crime in front of Wal—Mart

D.Having to do useful work to help others without being paid

43.In the novel The Scarlet Letter, a woman is accused of

A.corruption

B.bribery

C.adultery

D.thee

44.The word “suggest’ in Paragraph10 could be best replaced by

A.propose

B.indicate

C.assume

D.explain

45.What does US law forbid?

A.Cruel and unusual punishments

B.lnhuman punishments

C.Degrading punishments

D.Shaming punishments