第一篇：外交部副部長傅瑩：中國拯救歐洲的問題不成立

歐洲是世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，自身實(shí)力還是很強(qiáng)的，歐洲一些企業(yè)的經(jīng)營狀況也很良好，所以歐洲不是沒有能力救自己，中國拯救歐洲的問題并不成立。

【《財(cái)經(jīng)》綜合報(bào)道】 據(jù)新華網(wǎng)消息，中國外交部副部長傅瑩28日表示，歐洲是世界第一大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，自身實(shí)力還是很強(qiáng)的，歐洲一些企業(yè)的經(jīng)營狀況也很良好，所以歐洲不是沒有能力救自己，中國拯救歐洲的問題并不成立。

傅瑩說，全世界都希望歐洲能夠恢復(fù)，找到救自己的辦法。從最近的討論可以看出，歐洲和歐盟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已經(jīng)很清楚問題出在哪兒、應(yīng)該做什么，也很清楚怎樣做。現(xiàn)在的問題是，從哪里入手，資金從何而來。

她認(rèn)為剛剛結(jié)束的歐盟峰會(huì)和歐元區(qū)峰會(huì)讓世界看到了希望，市場反應(yīng)也很積極。“這就說明歐洲是在解決問題的道路上向前進(jìn)的。中國非常希望歐洲能夠恢復(fù)，也希望它經(jīng)過這樣一個(gè)艱苦的過程，不僅是恢復(fù)，而且是路走得更好，步子邁的更穩(wěn)，并且克服歐盟一些機(jī)構(gòu)在行政過程中一些內(nèi)在的缺陷?！?/p>

傅瑩表示，她希望中歐雙方通過克服這個(gè)危機(jī)，相互理解和相互信任能得到增強(qiáng)，相互合作能得到深化，使危機(jī)最后成為大家前進(jìn)的好機(jī)會(huì)。她也希望雙方能相互尊重，平等相待，實(shí)事求是、客觀地相互認(rèn)識(shí)，使長期解決不了的中歐之間的一些困難問題逐漸得到解決。

【作者：《財(cái)經(jīng)》綜合報(bào)道 】(責(zé)任編輯：鄧美玲)

第二篇：中國外交部副部長傅瑩在芝加哥大學(xué)演講全文 中英文對(duì)照

中國外交部副部長傅瑩在芝加哥大學(xué)演講全文 中英文對(duì)照

尊敬的Mr.Steve Edwards先生，各位同學(xué)和老師，女士們、先生們：

非常榮幸受邀來到芝加哥大學(xué)，并在此致辭。如著名建筑家弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特所言：“我終究認(rèn)為芝加哥將是世界上留存下來的最美麗、最偉大的城市?！?/p>

但你們是否知曉，在中國，芝加哥的大學(xué)更出名。那些希望學(xué)費(fèi)物有所值的家長們尤其對(duì)這所大學(xué)感興趣，因?yàn)檫@里“樂趣已死”。

芝加哥大學(xué)培養(yǎng)了無數(shù)的音樂家、科學(xué)家和政治家。你們中一些人如果選擇了這樣的道路，未來也會(huì)成為其中的一員。祝福你們。

我猜想，這里的學(xué)生大都出生在90年代，在中國他們被稱為90后。這個(gè)時(shí)代出生的人有一個(gè)共同之處，就是幾乎在同一時(shí)間獲取最新信息。

對(duì)于我們這代人，當(dāng)我得知世界上有個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)叫Windows時(shí)，比爾·蓋茨先生已經(jīng)是世界首富了。而現(xiàn)在，太平洋彼岸中國時(shí)尚的年輕人與這里一樣，對(duì)每次新版蘋果產(chǎn)品的發(fā)布翹首以待?！端俣扰c激情7》在北京和芝加哥的電影院差不多同時(shí)上映。

我也許有些理想化，總在想，在海量信息全球同步的今天，年輕一代能否更加寬容、能否更好地相互理解，從而尋求新的途徑來構(gòu)建維系持久和平的全球秩序？

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)于幾年前的父親節(jié)在這里發(fā)表過一個(gè)演講。他說，作為家長，需要傳遞給后代最重要的價(jià)值是同理心，能換位思考，設(shè)身處地去認(rèn)識(shí)世界。

今天我就想先談?wù)勚袊谑澜缱冞w中的經(jīng)歷?；粮癫┦俊墩撌澜缰刃颉芬粫谥袊鹆藷崃矣懻摗袛⑹隽送固胤ダ麃嗴w系以來400多年的大國興衰，強(qiáng)國之間一而再、再而三以戰(zhàn)爭方式爭奪世界權(quán)力。

但是，基辛格博士也談到，威斯特法利亞體系不具普遍性，在世界其他地區(qū)曾有不同的體系，彼此孤立地并存。眾所周知，那時(shí)還沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的存在。

就中國而言，悠久的歷史造就了獨(dú)特的治理方式、價(jià)值觀念和文化傳統(tǒng)，時(shí)至今日仍有影響。因而我們對(duì)世界的觀念也許建立在不同的基礎(chǔ)上。我可以沿著書中世界秩序演變的軌跡，舉幾個(gè)中國歷史上的例子：

你們大概都曾經(jīng)讀到過，1648年歐洲達(dá)成威斯特伐利亞系列和約以結(jié)束“30年戰(zhàn)爭”，之后的數(shù)百年，初步建立起以主權(quán)國家為基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)代意義上的秩序,確立了內(nèi)政自治原則。隨后便把殖民統(tǒng)治推向世界其他地方，包括美洲，而美國是1783年才擺脫了殖民統(tǒng)治，宣布獨(dú)立。

而早在此之前，亞洲長期延續(xù)著自己獨(dú)特方式，各國和睦相處。當(dāng)時(shí)中國的清王朝仍處于鼎盛時(shí)期，到18世紀(jì)中國人口已超過歐洲國家總和。但是，這個(gè)延續(xù)近兩千年的田園般寧靜在19世紀(jì)中葉被歐洲帝國打破。

到了1919年，當(dāng)歐洲簽署凡爾賽和約以結(jié)束第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之時(shí)，亞洲大部分地區(qū)已淪為歐洲的殖民地，中國的領(lǐng)土完整也屢遭侵犯。中國最后一個(gè)封建皇帝被迫退位，政治精英構(gòu)建共和體制和西式議會(huì)的種種努力紛紛失敗，國家陷入內(nèi)亂。年輕人開始從其他方向?qū)ふ医鉀Q問題的道路。

中國共產(chǎn)黨就是在這樣的背景之下，于1921年由幾十個(gè)人建立的，許多都是20多歲的年青人。他們不比你們年長多少。（看看年輕人是怎樣改變著世界，真是神奇?。?/p>

1941年，當(dāng)《時(shí)代》周刊創(chuàng)辦人亨利·盧斯宣告“美國世紀(jì)”來臨之際，中國約2/3的國土被日本軍國主義的鐵蹄蹂躪，戰(zhàn)爭中傷亡人員達(dá)到3500萬人。今年九月，中國將隆重紀(jì)念抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年，緬懷英烈、牢記歷史、珍惜和平。中國和美國當(dāng)時(shí)并肩作戰(zhàn)，我們不會(huì)忘記那些美國飛行員的英勇事跡。

1949年中國終于重獲和平，建立起中華人民共和國，但是當(dāng)時(shí)的國家滿目瘡痍，經(jīng)濟(jì)近于崩潰，人均壽命不足35歲，文盲率達(dá)到90%以上。

換句話說，二戰(zhàn)后多年，當(dāng)兩個(gè)超級(jí)大國激烈爭奪世界權(quán)力、建立起所謂的恐怖平衡之際，中國的主要任務(wù)是解決生存問題，包括滿足龐大人口的吃飯需求。我們也走過不少彎路，年少時(shí)經(jīng)歷的饑餓和困惑我記憶猶新。

二十世紀(jì)70年代末，中國與世界的關(guān)系翻開了新的一頁。新中國恢復(fù)聯(lián)合國合法席位。鄧小平領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的改革開放使中國重新融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。

因此，當(dāng)中國人講到國際體系時(shí)，通常指的是中國作為成員參與的、以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際機(jī)構(gòu)和機(jī)制。鑒于慘痛的歷史教訓(xùn)，中國一直信守和遵循《聯(lián)合國憲章》關(guān)于主權(quán)平等和不干涉別國內(nèi)政的原則。習(xí)近平主席不久前出席萬隆會(huì)議60周年紀(jì)念峰會(huì)，重申了和平共處五項(xiàng)原則。

我講述這段歷史想表達(dá)的是，在討論歷史和秩序時(shí)，需要注意到各國有著非常不同的經(jīng)歷,這對(duì)我們觀念的形成有很大影響。這也是為什么，各國在一些問題上的感受不盡相同。

我想講的第二點(diǎn)是如何看中國的成長。顯然，在中國獲得快速發(fā)展之時(shí)，世界對(duì)中國的了解和理解并沒有同步增長。一位常年觀察中國的歐洲記者朋友如此概括說，西方媒體的中國報(bào)道可以歸納為三類：

一是中國太大——人口多、城市大，現(xiàn)在連奢侈品市場都很大。

二是中國太壞——好像中國總是在做錯(cuò)事，看不順眼。

三是中國太怪——吃奇怪的食物，有奇怪的行為方式。

我經(jīng)常接待來自美國國會(huì)的代表團(tuán)，很多人第一次來中國。令他們印象最深的是天天碰見的普通中國人，比如在故宮博物院里摩肩擦踵的農(nóng)民工游客、和那些夢想成為下一個(gè)馬云的年輕創(chuàng)客等等。

實(shí)際上，是普通中國人代表了中國的真實(shí)面貌和國家的進(jìn)步。是他們推動(dòng)著中國走向富強(qiáng)和成功。

那么，成長起來的中國想有一個(gè)什么樣的世界秩序呢？未來的前景是否如某些學(xué)者預(yù)見的，必然是中美爭奪世界權(quán)力？這是我想講的第三點(diǎn)。

我常常閱讀美國政治家撰寫的回憶錄，美國對(duì)世界事務(wù)的深入和有效參與令人印象深刻。但我也時(shí)常感嘆于美國對(duì)其他國家的事務(wù)也如此熱情和強(qiáng)勢地介入。

掩卷思量，不禁要問，美國人心目中的世界秩序，是否就是美國治下的世界呢？是否就是僅以美國的價(jià)值觀和國家利益為核心理念、以美國主導(dǎo)的同盟體系為支撐？而對(duì)于新興大國來說，是否面對(duì)的只有臣服或挑戰(zhàn)這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)？換做是美國人，你們又當(dāng)作何選擇？

中國就是這樣一個(gè)新興的大國，而且并非依靠炮艦開路成長起來的，我們是結(jié)合了自身的天然優(yōu)勢與全球化的機(jī)遇發(fā)展起來的。歐洲引領(lǐng)工業(yè)化以來，資金、技術(shù)、市場、資源和人才主要集中在以歐美為中心的西方世界，而如今，所有這些要素都在全球化推動(dòng)下開始向外擴(kuò)散。

順著這個(gè)浪潮，中國堅(jiān)持改革，不斷釋放巨大的政策紅利，實(shí)現(xiàn)了30年GDP年均9%的增長，極大地提高了人民的生活水平，并發(fā)展成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。今日中國是130多個(gè)國家的最大貿(mào)易伙伴。有人甚至預(yù)測，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將在2020年后達(dá)到世界第一位。

但是，當(dāng)一些國際學(xué)者討論新的世界權(quán)力分配問題時(shí)，他們會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)中國人很淡定，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)意義上的所謂世界權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移或者“世界權(quán)力之爭”沒有表現(xiàn)出太大的興趣。

對(duì)中國人而言，我經(jīng)?？吹降氖窃跇?biāo)準(zhǔn)上存在不一致的問題。例如，在西方國家，當(dāng)有人濫殺無辜時(shí)，他們被視為恐怖分子；而這樣的事情發(fā)生在中國就被看作是民族或者是政治問題。當(dāng)中國的鄰國在領(lǐng)土問題上做出挑釁的姿態(tài)時(shí)，美國不置一詞；而當(dāng)中國捍衛(wèi)自身權(quán)益時(shí)，就常被說成是咄咄逼人或者脅迫別國。

如果對(duì)最基本的原則前提都沒有共同的基礎(chǔ)，我們何以在世界秩序演進(jìn)這樣的問題上進(jìn)行有意義的討論呢？就像廣東人形容人與人無法溝通時(shí)講的：是“雞同鴨講”。

中國目前的重心還在于解決大量棘手的國內(nèi)難題，包括克服環(huán)境污染、反腐敗、緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)下行、更好地保障民生等等。

同時(shí)，在應(yīng)該構(gòu)建什么樣的未來世界秩序上，中國學(xué)者也進(jìn)行著務(wù)實(shí)的討論。大家可能各持觀點(diǎn)，但一個(gè)共識(shí)是：世界已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化，許多舊的概念失去了意義。

首先，在當(dāng)今世界，不同的秩序像過去那樣，在各地區(qū)隔絕地共同存在、應(yīng)對(duì)不同的問題，這種可能性已經(jīng)沒有了。今天的秩序需要具有開放性，要逐步調(diào)整以適應(yīng)新的現(xiàn)實(shí)和多元的觀點(diǎn)。

其二，再通過大國之間戰(zhàn)爭的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)“權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移”，重新決定新的力量平衡，也沒有可能了，因?yàn)槭澜绺鲊P(guān)系已經(jīng)如此緊密交織。

其三，我們所面對(duì)的大量新型問題都是全球性的，超越了主權(quán)國家和區(qū)域的邊界。像埃博拉病毒、ISIS、像試圖乘船從非洲前往歐洲的人們。需要新的思維和新型全球框架或者說是全球秩序，去應(yīng)對(duì)新型挑戰(zhàn)。

令人有所寬慰的是，進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，人類社會(huì)已經(jīng)開始進(jìn)行許多有意義的實(shí)踐，用創(chuàng)新和合作的辦法應(yīng)對(duì)和解決新的問題，例如G20和全球氣候變化大會(huì)。中國也倡導(dǎo)了“一帶一路”和亞投行，來增強(qiáng)亞洲和亞歐大陸之間的互聯(lián)聯(lián)通。這些實(shí)踐是對(duì)現(xiàn)有國際體系和合作框架的補(bǔ)充，將促進(jìn)現(xiàn)有國際體系朝著更加公正合理和更具包容性的方向發(fā)展。

基辛格《論世界秩序》一書是以一種很有深意的設(shè)問方式結(jié)束的：“我們將去向何方？”顯然，歷史又來到了新的轉(zhuǎn)折路口，關(guān)鍵是將向哪里轉(zhuǎn)變。

這個(gè)問題也適用于中美兩國，我們是否有決心和智慧走出大國沖突的歷史窠臼？能否合作開創(chuàng)新型大國關(guān)系和新型秩序？為此，習(xí)近平主席向奧巴馬總統(tǒng)提出建立中美新型大國關(guān)系。

中美兩國之間盡管受到誤解和偏見的干擾，實(shí)際上在許多領(lǐng)域都建立起密切的伙伴關(guān)系。有人甚至把兩國比作不情愿的雙胞胎。兩國互信的水平也相當(dāng)令人印象深刻了。否則，我們何以相互頒發(fā)十年有效期簽證？由此可見，年青一代繼承的兩國關(guān)系積極因素大大多于負(fù)面因素。

建立新型大國關(guān)系前無古人，不會(huì)一帆風(fēng)順。但雙方都認(rèn)識(shí)到，要加強(qiáng)合作、管控分歧，為亞洲和世界構(gòu)建面向和平與發(fā)展的穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)略框架。這既是兩國關(guān)系的方向，又是我們共同的責(zé)任。

所以，最后我想說的是，雖然21世紀(jì)全球秩序的演進(jìn)并不容易，也不是朝夕可得之事。但未來寄望于年輕一代，我相信，你們一定會(huì)拿出很好的答案！謝謝大家！

英文版全文

China’sGrowth and the Debates on Order Speechby Fu Ying Chairperson of Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People’sCongress, 2015-5-19

The University of Chicago

Thank you, Alan and Mr.Steve Edwards，Members of the Faculty and Students，Ladies and Gentlemen，It is a great honor for me to address you today.As the renowned architect Frank(Lloyd)Wright said, “Eventually I think Chicago will be the most beautiful great city left in the world.”

But I wonder if you know that, in China, Chicago is more famous for its University.This university is especially attractive to the parents who want to get their money’s worth, as this is known as a place “where fun has come to die”.A great many musicians, scientists and politicians were nurtured here.And I am sure some of you will one day join them if you so choose.You have my best wishes.I guess, most of the students here were born after 1990.In China, we call people like you“90hou”, meaning the post-90 generation.You share one thing in common, that is, you are in synchronization with latest development of the world.For my generation, by the time I first heard of an operating system called Windows, Mr.Bill Gates was already the richest man on earth.Now trendy Chinese wait on tenterhooks for every iPhone launch just like here.“Fast & Furious 7” is released in Beijing cinemas at about the same time as in Chicago.I hope I am not too idealistic in thinking that since so much information is shared among young people all over the world, shouldn’t the younger generation be more open and more ready to understand each other? Isn’t it possible to find a new way to build a global order capable of ensuring lasting peace?

When your President Obama spoke here on a father’s day a few years ago, he said, the most important thing for the parents is to pass along the value of empathy---the ability to stand in somebody else’s shoes;to look at the world through their eyes.In that regard, the first point of my speech today is about China’s experience with the evolving world order.Dr.Kissinger’s latest book World Order set off lots of discussion in China.It is absorbing to read the 400 years of rise and fall of powers since the Westphalia peace conference, and the wars and conflicts that led to power shifting.However, as the book also pointed out, the Westphalian system was, as not universal, but one of the many systems that coexisted and yet in isolation from each other given the circumstances.Obviously, they didn’t have the internet.While in China, where history had been carrying on for a long time, a different system of governance, values and traditions were nurtured, which have an influence to the present day.So our view of history may have a different base.Let me pick up a few moments of history along the evolution of world order laid down in that book.As you probably remember in your reading that, it was in 1648, Europe finalized the Westphalia Treaty to end the Thirty Years’ War and established a modern sense of order among nation states, recognizing their sovereignty and self-determination of internal affairs.Then it spread its colonial power tomany corners of the world, including America and the United States freed itselfand declared independence in 1776.In this period in Asia, the long and generally peaceful relationship had continued.China’s Qing Dynasty was in its prime and the population in the 18th century was more than the European countries put together.But this serenity for almost2,000 years was broken when the European imperialists arrived in the middle of19th century.By the time the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919 at the end of the First World War, most part of Asia was colonized and China’s territorial integrity too had been violated.By then, the last emperor of China had abdicated.The attempt by political elites to install a republic and western style parliamentary system had failed once and again in one way or another.The country was descending into chaos and conflicts.The young generation looked in other directions for a solution.It was in this context that the Communist Party of China was set up in 1921 by a dozen or so young people mostly in their late 20s, not much older than you.(It’s amazing how young people change the world.)

Fast forward to 1941, when Henry Luce of Time Magazine stated the arrival of the American Century, two thirds of China’s territory fell under Japanese occupation.35million people died or wounded in war.China will host a major commemoration September this year to mark the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War against Japanese Aggression.We will remember the heroes, reflect on history and the value of peace.China and the U.S.fought on the same side, and we will never forget the heroic American pilots who helped China during the war.When peace did come in 1949 and the PRC was founded, the economy was on the brink, average life expectancy was under 35 years and more than 90 percent of the population was illiterate.In other words, for many years following the end of the Second World War, when the two super powers contested for world power, achieving a sort of balance of terror, China’s main concern was its very survival, not least feeding its big population.There were many setbacks along the way in China.I still have a keen memory of the hunger and confusion of my younger days.In the late1970s China’s relationship with the world turned a new page.The Mainland regained China’s legal seat at the UN.The policy of reform and opening to the outside world led by Deng Xiaoping enabled China to reconnect with the world economy.So when the Chinese talk about the international system, we are referring to the institutions with the UN at the center, and to which China has committed ever since.Learnt from its painful history, China believes in the principles of equality among all sovereign nations and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries as enshrined in the UN Charter.Chinese President Xi Jinping, when attending the event marking the 60th anniversary of the Bandung Conference, reiterated the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.The reason I took you on this brief journey is to illustrate that when discussing world order, we should be mindful of different experiences of history and their impact on our perspectives.And we may not have the same feeling for certain things.Here comes my second point.How to look at China today? Now China has very much grown.But, I have to say, knowledge and understanding of China in the outside world, especially in Western countries, hasn’t quite kept up.A friend of mine, European journalist and a keen observer of China, summed up western media reporting on China into three categories.China is either

Incredibly big –biggest population, biggest cities, even big demand for luxury goods.or China is so bad – doing all the wrong things and not fitting into the norms.and China is so weird – eating weird stuff and having weird ways of doing things.I receive many members of the US Congress often making their first visits to China.What strikes them the most is their encounters with ordinary Chinese, such as the migrant workers they bump into while visiting the Palace Museum, or young makers whose ambition is to be the next Jack Ma of Alibaba.The ordinary people represent the true face of China and they are the real driving force for China to grow strong and successful.So my third point is, what kind of future world order does China want to be part of? Is the future destined to be a confrontation between China and the US for world power as some suggest?

I often read memoirs by American politicians and I am always fascinated about how the US is deeply and effectively involved in the world affairs.Not only so, it’s equally enthusiastic about the internal affairs of other countries.One cannot help but wonder: is the prevalent understanding of world order amongst Americans a world dominated by US rules and power? Is it only centered on American values and interests and supported by US alliances? Does that mean that from the US perspective, rising powers only have two choices: to submit or to challenge? What would you do if you were in this(our)situation?

China is one such rising power.It has grown largely by marrying its natural advantages to the opportunities offered by globalization rather than “flag before trade”.Capital, markets, resources and talents that had accumulated in western countries since industrialization, now have spread outward due to globalization.Riding on this tide, China has made continued policy reforms and achieved 9% of growth for 30 years, allowing great improvement of people’s living standard, and growing into the world’s second biggest economy.It is now the first trading partner to130 countries.It is even predicted that, China’s economy will be the world’s biggest by 2020.And yet, international academics found, to their disbelieve that, most Chinese are disinterested in the debate about a new shifting of world power or power competition in the traditional sense.For us in China, we see inconsistencies at play.For example, if someone or some groups kill innocent people in western countries, they are terrorists.Yet if the same thing happens in China, it’s often viewed as ethnic or political issues by foreign observers.When China’s neighbors act provocatively on territorial issues, the US turns its head away.Yet when China defends its interests, it is described as either assertive or a bully.If we cannot even agree on the most basic premises, how can we have a meaningful debate on the evolution of world order? In Guangdong, when people are talking past each other, they are described as having a “dialogue between chicken and duck”.China’s focus remains the many domestic challenges, such as environmental pollution, fighting corruption, countering the economic slow-down, improving the livelihood of the people.On the question of what future world order should look like, the discussions in China are more pragmatic.Though views still differ, one thing people all agree on is that the world has changed.Many old concepts have lost relevance.First, in today’s world, it is no longer possible to have different world orders coexist independently of each other and addressing separate issues, like in the earlier centuries.The orders of today need to open up and make adjustments to adapt to the new realities and to different perspectives.Secondly, it’s no longer viable to try to achieve the transfer of power and find a new equilibrium through means of war among major powers because of the interconnected nature of today’s world.Thirdly, what we are facing are the new kinds of global issues, which do not respect traditional order or sovereign borders.Look at Ebola.Look at ISIS.Look at the boat people trying to cross from Africa to Europe.Therefore, there need to be new thinking to build a new global framework or，we may use the term global order，to cope with new type of challenges.The good news is that, as we enter the 21st century, mankind is already experimenting in an innovative and collaborative manner to tackle the challenges, such as G20, and the conference on climate change.For its part, China has initiated the land and maritime Silk Road programs to strengthen Asian and Eurasian connectivity, and is setting up the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to support them.All these practices are complementary to the existing international system and will help with its gradual evolution into a fairer and more inclusive structure.Dr.Kissinger tellingly ended his book with a question mark: “where do we go from here”? Obviously, history has come to a turning point.The question is in which direction it will turn.This question is also for China and the US.Do we have the resolve and wisdom to avoid the old loop and can we build a new type of relationship and global order through cooperation instead of confrontation?

That is why Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed to President Obama to build what he called China-US new model of major country relationship.Actually, in spite of the misunderstandings and stereo types, China and the US, have already made close partnership in many fields.We are even called reluctant twins.And the trust level is impressive too.Otherwise how can we give each other 10-yearvisas? So what the young generation is inheriting in our relationship has more positive elements than negativity.To build anew model of relationship is an unprecedented endeavor for the two countries.We both understand the importance of strengthening cooperation, managing differences and creating a stable strategic framework for peace and development of Asia and even the world.This is the direction for our relations and is also our shared responsibilities.So to end my speech, I want to say that evolving a global order for the 21st century is not going to be easy, and the answer takes time.The world will count on the young generation, and I am sure you will come up with good answers.Thank you.（

第三篇：外交部副部長在安理會(huì)利比亞問題會(huì)議發(fā)言

主席先生：

首先我感謝非洲國家倡議召開此次安理會(huì)關(guān)于利比亞問題的會(huì)議。感謝你和南非外長、毛里塔尼亞外長、剛果(布)外長、馬里外長及非盟委員會(huì)和平與安全事務(wù)專員拉馬拉專程從非洲趕來與會(huì)。我希望此次會(huì)議的舉行能凝聚國際社會(huì)共識(shí)，為推動(dòng)利比亞問題的早日解決作出貢獻(xiàn)。

去年底以來，西亞北非地區(qū)陷入持續(xù)動(dòng)蕩。其中，利比亞的沖突最為激烈、局勢最為嚴(yán)峻。目前，利比亞的戰(zhàn)事仍在繼續(xù)，平民仍在傷亡，影響仍在擴(kuò)散。在此重要時(shí)刻，安理會(huì)與非盟和平安全理事會(huì)高級(jí)別代表團(tuán)進(jìn)行對(duì)話，為國際社會(huì)探討利問題的解決之道提供了重要平臺(tái)。我想借此機(jī)會(huì)就利問題談幾點(diǎn)看法：

第一，要推動(dòng)政治解決。歷史一再證明，武力無法化解沖突，反而會(huì)加劇矛盾，對(duì)話和談判等和平手段才是解決爭端的根本出路。我們呼吁利有關(guān)各方以國家利益和人民福祉為重，充分發(fā)揮政治智慧，展現(xiàn)具有建設(shè)性的妥協(xié)和靈活，盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)停火、開展對(duì)話，爭取就政治安排、安全保障、戰(zhàn)后重建等問題找到各方均可接受的解決辦法。我們希望這一政治對(duì)話進(jìn)程具有包容性，能吸引利問題各方的實(shí)質(zhì)參與，充分吸收各方的意見和建議，只有這樣才能找到出路，最終達(dá)成的方案才能公正持久。

第二，要認(rèn)真執(zhí)行決議。利危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來，安理會(huì)先后通過了第1970和1973號(hào)決議，根本出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了保護(hù)利國內(nèi)平民，推動(dòng)利問題的政治解決。但我們遺憾地看到，決議通過已近三個(gè)月，利局勢并未有所好轉(zhuǎn)，利平民也仍未得到有效保護(hù)。中方呼吁各方嚴(yán)格、準(zhǔn)確執(zhí)行安理會(huì)有關(guān)決議，不做任意解讀，不采取超出授權(quán)的行動(dòng)。我們希望有關(guān)各方遵循《聯(lián)合國憲章》的宗旨與原則及相關(guān)國際法準(zhǔn)則，尊重利主權(quán)、獨(dú)立、統(tǒng)一和領(lǐng)土完整，支持利人民自主選擇發(fā)展道路，自主解決國內(nèi)問題。

第三，要加大人道救援。受戰(zhàn)爭影響，利比亞糧食、飲用水等基本生活用品匱乏，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件惡劣，面臨大規(guī)模人道主義危機(jī)。近一時(shí)期，更是有大批難民從利涌向周邊國家。聯(lián)合國人道主義協(xié)調(diào)辦公室為利發(fā)出緊急人道主義救援呼吁，但目前仍面臨近2億美元的資金缺口。我們呼吁國際社會(huì)高度重視利人道主義局勢，積極響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國的緊急呼吁，加大對(duì)利人道主義援助力度。同時(shí)我們敦促利國內(nèi)各派為確保人道主義物資在利的公平、及時(shí)、有效發(fā)送，創(chuàng)造條件，提供便利。

第四，要支持非盟努力。利危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來，非盟積極開展外交斡旋行動(dòng)，召開利問題特別首腦會(huì)議，成立利問題高級(jí)別特設(shè)委員會(huì)，特別是南非總統(tǒng)祖馬和外長女士多次赴利，為解決利危機(jī)付出不懈努力。我們對(duì)此表示高度贊賞和積極評(píng)價(jià)。利是非洲國家，國際社會(huì)應(yīng)相信非洲人民的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，充分重視非盟提出的建議，繼續(xù)為非盟開展斡旋提供各方面的支持。聯(lián)合國在利問題的解決，特別是在利戰(zhàn)后安排方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。我們鼓勵(lì)非盟與聯(lián)合國多加強(qiáng)溝通、協(xié)調(diào)與配合。

主席先生，中方一直高度關(guān)注利局勢的發(fā)展，始終秉持客觀、公正的立場，呼吁利問題的政治解決。中方同利國內(nèi)沖突雙方均有接觸，我們本著勸和促談的態(tài)度，敦促雙方采取有利于國家和人民的建設(shè)性舉措，推動(dòng)局勢早日走向緩和。中方與聯(lián)合國和非盟等國際和地區(qū)組織也保持著密切溝通，大力支持他們的政治與外交努力，鼓勵(lì)國際社會(huì)提供必要的幫助。中方還多次做有關(guān)國家工作，敦促他們將對(duì)安理會(huì)決議的執(zhí)行嚴(yán)格限定在保護(hù)平民范疇，不要擅自行事。此外，中方已分別向埃及提供了100萬美元現(xiàn)匯、向突尼斯提供了3030萬元人民幣的物資和200萬美元現(xiàn)匯，用于兩國與利邊境的難民安置。中方還將根據(jù)利人道主義狀況，積極考慮向利提供新的人道援助。

主席先生，利比亞局勢持續(xù)動(dòng)蕩不符合利人民利益，也不符合地區(qū)國家和國際社會(huì)的整體利益。作為安理會(huì)常任理事國，中方愿與國際社會(huì)一道，繼續(xù)為解決利比亞問題提供建設(shè)性幫助，盡快推動(dòng)利局勢實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定，走上政治解決軌道。

第四篇：2009.12.2駐英國大使傅瑩有關(guān)“氣候變化與中國”的演講

駐英國大使傅瑩有關(guān)“氣候變化與中國”的演講

2009年12月2日，中國駐英國大使傅瑩應(yīng)邀在倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院(LSE)發(fā)表題為“氣候變化與中國”的演講，全面闡述中國應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的政策、立場及所采取的措施，并現(xiàn)場回答聽眾提問。

氣候變化與中國 中國駐英國大使傅瑩 倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 2009年12月2日

Climate Change and China Fu Ying, Chinese Ambassador to the U.K.London School of Economics December 2, 2009 尊敬的CORBRIDGE教授，女士們，先生們，Professor Corbridge, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很榮幸來到倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院，就氣候變化這一重大問題進(jìn)行交流。我感覺特別榮幸，這是因?yàn)閭惗亟?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院以在氣候變化領(lǐng)域的研究著稱，你們的研究為全球討論做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。I am honoured to talk to you on such an important subject as climate change.It's a special honour, because the LSE is well-known for its scholarship on climate change and its crucial contribution to this global debate.中國是一個(gè)有著13億人口的大國，氣候類型多樣，環(huán)境脆弱。氣候變化給中國帶來諸多不利影響。

China is a huge country with a population of 1.3 billion.It has diverse climatic conditions and a fragile environment.The effect of climate change is a very real threat which we face everyday.根據(jù)中國科學(xué)家的觀察，過去50年里中國的平均氣溫上升了1.1攝氏度，高于同期全球平均升溫水平。在中國的許多地方，極端氣候現(xiàn)象更為頻繁。例如，今年春天中國北方出現(xiàn)50年以來最為嚴(yán)重的干旱，給400多萬人的帶來生計(jì)困難。

According to Chinese scientists, the average temperature in China has risen by 1.1 degrees centigrade in the last 5 decades.It is higher than the reported global average.We are seeing more frequent bouts of extreme weather in many parts of the country.Last spring, for example, the most severe drought in 50 years hit northern China affecting the livelihood of 4 million people.環(huán)境污染和氣候變化帶來的不利影響對(duì)我們來說已是現(xiàn)實(shí)。全球空氣污染最嚴(yán)重的20個(gè)城市中，中國占了一半，70%的河流受到不同程度的污染。中國已成為全球第一大二氧化碳排放國。

Environmental damage and climate change is a reality for us.Out of the world's most polluted 20 cities, half are in China.70% of Chinese rivers are polluted to some degree.China has become the largest carbon emitter of the world.這些問題是如何造成的？中國近年在減貧和提高人民生活水平的同時(shí)，也出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。與你們不同的是，我們是用30年的濃縮時(shí)間，走西方國家兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程。How have we got here? China has reached this stage when it is making great endeavours to lift people out of poverty.Unlike you here, we have condensed 2 centuries of industrialization into only 30 years.中國人民已經(jīng)充分認(rèn)識(shí)到氣候變化問題的嚴(yán)重性和緊迫性，我們在以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的同樣熱情投入到實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的努力之中。在中國，氣候變化不僅僅是一個(gè)討論的話題，舉國上下正在通過政策和行動(dòng)積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。我愿與你們分享一些這方面的例子。

Now, the Chinese people have woken to the threat and, with the same zeal that we have embraced industrialization, we are embracing cleaner development.In China, climate change is not just a topic for discussion;It's backed up with policy and action throughout the country.Let me share some examples with you.第一，中國制定了節(jié)能減排的法律和政策框架。First, on the legal and policy front.中國在制定2006-2010年的第十一個(gè)“五年計(jì)劃”時(shí)，第一次提出了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的具體目標(biāo)，包括降低單位GDP能耗20%。

China set forward a voluntary reduction program for 2006 to 2010 period, including 20% reduction in energy intensity per unit of GDP.為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，中國修訂了《節(jié)約能源法》、《可再生能源法》等法律，制定了嚴(yán)格的節(jié)能指標(biāo)考核制度，完不成任務(wù)的地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將面臨嚴(yán)格的問責(zé)制。

To achieve this, we amended the Law on Energy Saving and the Law on Renewable Energy.We've also set up a strict evaluation system for energy efficiency.This enables the central government to hold provincial leaders accountable for meeting energy efficiency targets.上個(gè)月，中央政府在網(wǎng)站上公布了2008年各省區(qū)節(jié)能目標(biāo)考核結(jié)果。全國31個(gè)省區(qū)中，26個(gè)省為“超額完成”或“完成”等級(jí)。由于增加了透明度，未完成目標(biāo)的省區(qū)面臨公眾很大的壓力。

Last month, the evaluation result for 2008 was released on the web for all to access.Out of 31 provinces and regions, 26 fulfilled emission reduction targets.One can't underscore enough the importance of having such transparency as it places great pressure on those who are not meeting the target.從表格上可以看出來，北京市做得不錯(cuò)，超額完成了當(dāng)年指標(biāo)，而且已完成了2010年20%目標(biāo)的17%。而新疆則落后了一些，如期完成目標(biāo)有很大困難，需要得到許多支持。

Beijing is doing better, over-fulfilling its target for 2008, with over 7%.I am sure the Olympics helped.It has already achieved over 17% for the 20% target of 2010.At the bottom, you can see Xinjiang.It is lagging far behind and looks unlikely to meet the target and would need a lot of help.第二，采取嚴(yán)格的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，鼓勵(lì)清潔發(fā)展。

Secondly, now the industries have to take very tough decisions to achieve clean development.政府嚴(yán)格控制新建高排放、高污染項(xiàng)目，淘汰現(xiàn)有落后產(chǎn)能。可以理解，落實(shí)這項(xiàng)措施一開始會(huì)很困難，遇到一些阻力，因?yàn)殛P(guān)閉高污染企業(yè)意味著就業(yè)崗位的損失。

Projects with high emission can no longer go ahead and some existing high emitters are being phased out.It is understandably difficult to push through such reforms and there is, inevitably, resistance.Being a developing country, shutting down factories means job losses for many who need them.比如，中國提出5年內(nèi)拆除淘汰5000萬千瓦(50GW)老發(fā)電機(jī)裝機(jī)容量的目標(biāo)提前一年半完成，使單位發(fā)電的煤耗降低了20%。但這項(xiàng)措施導(dǎo)致40萬人面臨再就業(yè)問題。

For example, we have achieved cutting down the average consumption of coal per unit of power by 20%, by demolishing the high-polluting and inefficient power plants.But it led to the loss of 400,000 jobs.第三，大力發(fā)展清潔替代能源。

So the third point is that we have increased and will continue to increase the percentage of cleaner alternative energy sources.低碳和新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)正在成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的新亮點(diǎn)，許多英國公司也在與中國開展清潔能源項(xiàng)目的合作。今年1-9月,中國新增發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量中，清潔能源占到1/3。

Low-carbon and energy conservation have become new growth sectors in China.Many British companies are actively involved in clean development projects in China.In the first 9 months of this year, clean energy contributed a third of China's newly added power capacity.目前，中國在太陽能熱水器使用、太陽能光伏發(fā)電累計(jì)容量和水電裝機(jī)容量方面均居世界第一。你們可能還不知道，1/10的中國家庭用上了太陽能，在中國可以看到許多新住宅的屋頂上裝上了太陽能板。我自己家的公寓也是使用太陽能供熱的，據(jù)家里人說今年冬天的使用效果很好。中國人對(duì)清潔能源如此熱衷，表明我們下決心追求更美好的未來。

China now ranks as first in the world for solar heating and photovoltaic generation, as well as installed hydro power capacity.You may be surprised to know, 1 in 10 families in China already use solar energy.That includes my family.Many new buildings in Chinese cities are equipped with solar energy.The fact that the Chinese people are so keen to adopt clean energy is an excellent indicator of our dedication to a better future.第四，增加森林碳匯。我們都知道樹能吸收二氧化碳，中國人民對(duì)植樹十分熱情，在聯(lián)合國環(huán)境署倡議的“全球10億棵樹”活動(dòng)中，中國人種了26億棵樹，也就是人均2棵，一個(gè)多么令人震驚的數(shù)字。

Next, let's talk about trees and reforestation.We all know how trees can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.Chinese people have really taken tree-planting to heart.It has even become fashionable for young couples to plant trees to mark their wedding.China has planted more trees than any other country in the world, with 2.6 billion trees planted.That is 2 trees per individual, an incredible number.第五，我們知道要切實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)減排的宏偉目標(biāo)，唯一的手段是通過發(fā)展科學(xué)和技術(shù)，這就是為什么中國加大了應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的科研投入。中國已成為各種新能源技術(shù)的巨大實(shí)驗(yàn)基地。Last but not least, the only means for China to really achieve its ambitious plan is through science and technology.This is why China is investing heavily in research and development.The country has become a giant laboratory for testing all kinds of clean energy technologies.為應(yīng)對(duì)國際金融危機(jī)，中國在新增4萬億元(4000億英鎊)的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案中，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化相關(guān)投資達(dá)15%。我想你們會(huì)認(rèn)為這不是一個(gè)小的數(shù)額，特別是考慮到我們正處在金融危機(jī)當(dāng)中。

In the latest stimulus package worth 400 billion pound, 15% was invested in addressing climate change.I am sure you will agree that it is a huge amount by any standard, especially during the financial crisis.經(jīng)過努力，中國節(jié)能減排取得明顯進(jìn)展，有望如期完成2010年目標(biāo)。僅提高能效一項(xiàng)，中國就有望在2006-2010年間減少二氧化碳排放15億噸。這個(gè)數(shù)字與世界上其他任何國家的減排努力相比都毫不遜色。

Thanks to all these efforts, China is well on track to reach our targets set for 2010.That would mean a reduction in CO2 emissions of 1.5 billion tons in five years by 2010.This is an achievement that compares well with the efforts of other countries.在今年9月召開的聯(lián)合國氣候變化峰會(huì)上，胡錦濤主席宣布中國將進(jìn)一步采取應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的措施。上周四，中國政府宣布了2020年行動(dòng)目標(biāo)，包括： At the UN climate change summit last September, President Hu Jintao stated that China would take even further steps to counter climate change.To follow up, the Chinese government has announced its targets for 2020 based on 2005 levels.森林面積比2005年增加4000萬公頃，這個(gè)面積相當(dāng)于英國領(lǐng)土的1.5倍。They include:-bringing down CO2 per unit of GDP by 40-45%,-increasing the ratio of non-fossil energy to 15%,-expanding forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of United Kingdom.我們將把這些目標(biāo)作為約束性和可核查指標(biāo)納入中國的發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃。

We will make all these into compulsory and verifiable targets, within the framework of our domestic development program.但是，希望能理解，完成這些目標(biāo)會(huì)越來越困難。請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說明一下為什么是這樣。

I hope you will appreciate that achieving these targets and further reducing emission will get increasingly harder.Let me elaborate on that point.中國已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了很多高耗能工廠，也就是說，容易做的已經(jīng)做了。1990-2005年間，中國單位GDP能耗下降了47%，預(yù)計(jì)2005-2010年將再下降20％。進(jìn)一步提高能效，將付出更高成本、做出更多犧牲。

We have already closed down many of the old and high energy consuming factories, That is to say, the easier part is done.Between 1990 to 2005, the per unit GDP energy consumption came down by 47% and between 2005 to 2010 it will again come down by 20%.The next will be raising the energy efficiency of the remaining plants.It's going to cost more and involve more sacrifice to reduce further.這也就是為什么科技研發(fā)對(duì)中國是如此重要，只有創(chuàng)新方能干使中國實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)跨越。也是由于這個(gè)原因，我們希望發(fā)達(dá)國家轉(zhuǎn)讓技術(shù)和提供能力支持。

This is why investing in research and development is so critical for us, as only innovation can help China to make that leap.And this is why we are looking to developed countries for technology transfer and capacity building.國際能源署預(yù)測，如果中國實(shí)現(xiàn)了2020年目標(biāo)，屆時(shí)中國一年即可減排10億噸二氧化碳。這將是一個(gè)巨大的成就，因?yàn)槲覀冞€是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，同時(shí)還面臨著發(fā)展的巨大任務(wù)。According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement, given that we are a developing country and we have equally pressing survival priorities.下面我將詳細(xì)談?wù)勥@個(gè)問題。雖然中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量有望不久成為世界第二，但很多人經(jīng)常忘記中國還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家這一事實(shí)。

If you would allow me, I'd like to expand on this point;China may soon become the 2nd largest economy in the world.Yet it remains a developing country.This is something that many people often forget.中國人均GDP剛過3000美元，分別是英國、美國的1/

15、1/20，在世界排名第104位，排在牙買加和納米比亞之后。

China's per capita GDP has just passed 3,000 US dollars.UK and US are 15 to 20 times that of China.China is behind Jamaica and Namibia.請(qǐng)大家回答我一個(gè)問題：英國在歷史上是哪年處于中國目前的人均水平？根據(jù)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Angus Maddison的計(jì)算，答案是1913年。

Now, let me ask you all a question: In which year in history do you think Britain was at the same income level China now is at? According to British economist Angus Maddison, the answer is the year 1913.下面這個(gè)數(shù)字可能讓你們一些人吃驚，中國目前仍有1.35億人每天生活費(fèi)不足1美元。我們熟視無睹的最基本生活需求，比如說水，在中國一些地區(qū)都是人們不可及的。

In per capita GDP terms, China only ranks at 104th place in the world.It might be a surprise to some of you that China has 135 million people living under one dollar a day.Sometimes even the most basic things that we take for granted, like water, are beyond the reach of some Chinese people.例如，在中國西北的甘肅省，有些地方非常缺水，一個(gè)村子的農(nóng)民一輩子只洗三次澡，出生的時(shí)候、結(jié)婚的時(shí)候，還有死的時(shí)候。

Take for example, in China's northwest, water is so scarce that farmers in a village in Gansu province only take three baths in their entire life, at birth, at marriage and at death.當(dāng)我們討論氣候變化的時(shí)候，我們常常只是談?wù)摽茖W(xué)事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)，但我們不應(yīng)忘記還有人的因素。

When discussing climate change, we tend to talk mostly about facts and figures, but we should not forget that, there is also the human dimension.想象一下，當(dāng)這個(gè)村莊通電之后(中國正在實(shí)現(xiàn)村村通電)，不僅農(nóng)民可以打機(jī)井從地下深處取水，他們的孩子們也能從電視上看到外面的精彩世界，他們當(dāng)然會(huì)夢想一個(gè)更好的生活，得到許多的東西。

Imagine when electricity reaches this Gansu village, which is what China has been doing, bringing electricity to every village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.我們能告訴他們：你們沒有權(quán)利擁有我們所擁有的生活嗎？

我們能告訴他們：你們不能像電視里看到的上海人或倫敦人一樣生活嗎？ 為什么這些孩子不能擁有IPOD、手提電腦和冰箱，甚至汽車呢？

Who are we to tell them, that they have no right to have what we have? Who are we to tell them that they can't live like the people in Shanghai or London they see on TV? Why can't they have ipods, laptops and refrigerators, or even cars? 這就是在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問題中的人的因素，這也是挑戰(zhàn)之所在。This is the human dimension, and this is the challenge.中國的使命就在于，如何使13億人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的夢想，但是是要以對(duì)環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。

China's difficult mission is to enable all of its 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in a environmentally responsible way.現(xiàn)在讓我們回到前面說的中國是第一大排放國的問題上。如果看人均排放量，中國是4.6噸，而美國是20噸，英國是10噸。比較來看，不能說中國是“對(duì)能源貪婪”吧？

Now let's come back to the point about China being the world's biggest CO2 emitter.If you look at the figures in per capita terms, an average Chinese person's emission is 4.6 tons.An average American emits 20 tons, in the yellow colour and Britain 10 tons in the blue colour.You can hardly call China energy greedy, can you? 但根據(jù)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》的一項(xiàng)民調(diào)，63%的美國人認(rèn)為中國應(yīng)做出最多的減排努力。這就好像是一個(gè)總吃4片面包的人，要求另外一個(gè)剛剛得到第一塊面包的人去節(jié)食。

Yet, according to an FT survey, 63% of Americans believe that China is not doing enough and that it should undertake more emission reduction.It feels like a person taking 4 pieces of bread asking the person who got the first piece of bread to go on diet.從1750年到2005年，全球累計(jì)排放的二氧化碳中，發(fā)達(dá)國家排放占了80%。時(shí)至今日，發(fā)達(dá)國家人口只有世界的20%，每年排放卻占到55%。因此，在排放問題上，發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家完全不能類比。

Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world's CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world's population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.So when it comes to emissions, developed and developing countries can't be compared like for like, not to be painted in the same brush.正是由于這個(gè)原因，我們非常重視《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》確定的“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則。歸根到底，這是一個(gè)涉及公平和平等的發(fā)展權(quán)利的問題。

This is why we attach so much importance to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which set out the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.再過5天，哥本哈根會(huì)議就要召開了，這是各國合作應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的一次里程碑式的會(huì)議，國際社會(huì)對(duì)此寄予厚望。中國認(rèn)為，為確保會(huì)議取得成功，必須做到以下三個(gè)方面：

The Copenhagen conference will commence in 5 days' time.It will be a major milestone in the global effort to tackle climate change and the people of the world have high hopes on its outcome.For Copenhagen to be successful, China believes several things need to happen.一是要確定發(fā)達(dá)國家在《京都議定書》第二承諾期里應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的大幅減排指標(biāo)，并確保未批準(zhǔn)《京都議定書》的發(fā)達(dá)國家承擔(dān)與其他發(fā)達(dá)國家具有可比性的減排承諾。

First, developed countries should undertake to achieve substantial emission reduction targets for the second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol.Countries that have not signed up to the Kyoto Protocol should formulate similar reduction targets.二是要做出有效機(jī)制安排，確保發(fā)達(dá)國家根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》的規(guī)定和巴厘路線圖的規(guī)定，向發(fā)展中國家提供資金、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓和能力建設(shè)方面的支持和幫助。

Second, effective mechanisms should be set up to ensure that developed countries provide financial and technological support to developing countries.三是發(fā)展中國家在得到資金、技術(shù)和能力建設(shè)支持和幫助的情況下，在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的框架下，根據(jù)各自國情采取適當(dāng)?shù)臏p緩行動(dòng)。

Third, developing country should also adopt mitigation measures according to their national conditions, within the framework of sustainable development and with financial and technological support from the developed countries.中國總理溫家寶將出席哥本哈根會(huì)議。中國愿意發(fā)揮建設(shè)性的作用，推動(dòng)會(huì)議取得成功。在這個(gè)進(jìn)程中，我們期待著與英國和世界其他國家密切合作。

Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao will attend the conference.China is willing to play a constructive role in bringing the negotiations to a successful conclusion.We look forward to close cooperation with the UK and the rest of the world in this process.歸根到底，氣候變化是一個(gè)全球性挑戰(zhàn)，只有通過全球合作才能解決。作為一位母親，我希望我的女兒和后代能呼吸新鮮空氣，在一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境中生活。讓我們共同努力，確保我們的子孫生活在一個(gè)更加美好的世界。All in all, climate change is a global challenge, which can only be resolved through global cooperation.As a mother, I do hope my daughter and the future generations will breathe clean air and live in a good environment.So countries should work together as partners to make sure that our children inherit a better world.謝謝大家。Thank you.

第五篇：中國駐英國大使傅瑩在英語聯(lián)盟的演講

更好地了解中國 ——在英語聯(lián)盟的演講 中國駐英國大使 傅瑩 2009年12月10日 Understanding China Speech at the English Speaking Union China's Ambassador to UK.Fu Ying December, 2009

尊敬的亨特勛爵，女士們、先生們： Lord Hunt, Ladies and Gentlemen, 很高興應(yīng)英語聯(lián)盟之邀做丘吉爾講座，索姆斯女男爵（丘吉爾之女）的光臨令我深感榮幸。

It is a great honor for me to be invited to speak at the Churchill Lecture.And it is a special honor to have Lady Soames with us in the audience.丘吉爾爵士一生成就斐然，曾擔(dān)任英語聯(lián)盟的第一任主席，足見他致力于通過英語促進(jìn)和平、增進(jìn)了解的決心。

Sir Winston Churchill was a man of many great accomplishments.The fact that he was the first Chairman of the ESU, is a clear indication of his commitment to promoting peace and understanding across the world through the use of the English language.24年前我在英國留學(xué)的時(shí)候，曾到查特韋爾的丘吉爾故居參觀，在那兒買了一本丘吉爾自傳。當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)我來說，買課外書是一件很奢侈的事，所以很珍惜，把那本書一字不漏地從頭讀到尾。

When I was a student in the UK 24 years ago, I bought his autobiography when visiting Chartwell House.Buying books was luxury for me at that time and I valued it and read from cover to cover.丘吉爾爵士勤奮好學(xué)的態(tài)度深深感染了我。當(dāng)他還是后座議員時(shí)，這位聰明的年輕人已經(jīng)在下議院中脫穎而出。他在自傳中講到，沒有勤奮就不可能有聰明。他談到每次在議會(huì)發(fā)言，哪怕只是提一個(gè)2分鐘的問題，都會(huì)花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)甚至幾天的時(shí)間在議會(huì)大廈走廊的圖書架上查閱大量資料，研究事情的背景，做認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備。

I was deeply struck by Sir Winston’s attitude towards learning.When still a backbencher, he already distinguished himself in the Commons and was seen as a bright young man.He explained that no one can be bright, without learning and disclosed how he devoted hours and days finding the background of the facts from books in the corridors of Westminster every time before asking the two-minute question.這對(duì)我很有啟發(fā)，尤其是當(dāng)我在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到困難的時(shí)候。直到今天，我對(duì)自己做的每一場演講和接受的每次采訪都精心準(zhǔn)備，當(dāng)然也包括今天這場演講。我留學(xué)英國時(shí)，也曾在牛津大學(xué)參加過英語聯(lián)盟辦的演講和辯論技巧培訓(xùn)班，我要借此機(jī)會(huì)表示感謝。今天是檢驗(yàn)培訓(xùn)對(duì)我是否起作用的好機(jī)會(huì)，如果今天我講得不好，也有英語聯(lián)盟的責(zé)任吧。

This inspired me greatly especially, when my classes got harder.To this day, I still work very hard on every speech or interview I take, including this one and I thank the English Speaking Union for giving me a unique training course in Oxford for speaking and debating skill during my study in UK.I hope the training worked for me or, if you judge me to be a poor speaker today, at least you know where part of the blame lies.我演講的主題是：更好地了解中國。

Today, I have entitled my speech as Understanding China.根據(jù)美國一家專門跟蹤全球媒體報(bào)道的研究機(jī)構(gòu)—全球語言監(jiān)控機(jī)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，過去10年最熱門的新聞中，中國崛起占據(jù)榜首，甚至大大超過9·11恐怖襲擊和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭。

According to Global Language Monitor, an American research body following the global media reporting, on its list of the Top News Stories of the Decade, the rise of China came as the first, even well ahead of 9/11 and the war in Iraq.的確，2009年很可能將被作為中國邁向發(fā)揮世界大國作用的轉(zhuǎn)折之年而載入史冊。

But I think 2009 will probably be remembered in our history, as China’s transition into playing a major role in the world.我在倫敦能清楚地感受到，中國正在走上世界舞臺(tái)。在G20倫敦金融峰會(huì)上，中國與美國、英國和其他國家的密切合作顯示出，中國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入處理全球事務(wù)的中心舞臺(tái)。

Here in London, I could clearly sense China’s emergence onto the world stage.During the G20 London Summit, the close cooperation between China, US, UK and other countries shows that China has come to the centre stage of addressing global issues.美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬不久前訪華時(shí)談到，中國在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮更大的作用是過去20年最重大的事件之一。他說，美國對(duì)此表示歡迎，并期待成為中國有效的伙伴。

During his recent visit to China, President Obama referred to China’s playing a larger role in global events as one of the most important things happened over the last two decades.He welcomed it and said that US looked forward to being an effective partner with China.然而，西方世界的很多人仍然覺得了解中國是件很難的事。而中國也有民眾對(duì)西方世界到底用意如何有疑慮。

However, many people in the Western world find it difficult to understand China.On the other hand, there is also wariness on the part of the Chinese people about the Western world’s intention on China.那么，中國到底是一個(gè)什么樣的國家呢？其實(shí)很難用一句簡單的話來回答，因?yàn)橹袊罅?，太多樣化了，變化太快了。在我看來，今天的中國究其?shí)質(zhì)，是一個(gè)具有多重性特征的大國。

So after all, how can one define China? I’m afraid it defies a simple answer.China is too big, too diverse and too fast changing to be characterized easily.I would say that China is a multi-faceted power.下面請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我具體介紹一下： Let me explain what I mean.第一，中國是一個(gè)在過去30年中實(shí)現(xiàn)高速發(fā)展的國家。

First, China is a country that is rapidly transformed over the past 30 years.China’s leapfrogging progress can be seen in the following figures:

1996年，中國GDP是1萬億元，到2008年則增長到20萬億元，13年的時(shí)間里增長了20倍，成為世界第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。2008年，中國一天創(chuàng)造的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值超過1952年一年的總量。中國利用快速增加的財(cái)富使2.5億人在過去的30年里擺脫了貧困。因此，當(dāng)我看到聯(lián)合國關(guān)于消除饑餓的報(bào)告時(shí)，不禁為中國取得的成就而感到自豪，中國用占世界僅7%的可耕地，養(yǎng)活了占世界20%的人口。In 1996, China’s GDP was 1 trillion Yuan, that was about 100 billion Pounds.In 2008, it grew to20 trillion Yuan(2 trillion Pounds).This means that in 13 years’ time, the Chinese economy has grown 20 times, turning into the 3rd largest economy in the world.The national wealth created in one day in 2008 was larger than the total annual output of 1952.With the newly gained wealth, China has lifted 250 million people out of poverty in the past 30 years.So when I read the UN hunger report, I do feel proud for what China has achieved, with only 7% of the world’s arable land feeding 20% of the world’s population.在中國悠久的歷史中，吃飯問題一直是頭等大事。記得一直到８０年代，人們見面打招呼的方式都是問：“吃了嗎？”?，F(xiàn)在，如果你問我女兒這代人“吃了嗎？”，他們會(huì)覺得你這人大概有毛病。

Throughout China’s long history, food was always a big concern for the Chinese people and I remember that until the 1980s, the Chinese people greeted each other by asking “Have you had your meal?” But for my daughter’s generation, if you greet them in this way, they might think you have a problem.當(dāng)然，中國缺乏在世界舞臺(tái)上操作的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們?nèi)匀辉趯W(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)自己新的全球角色。而且我們?nèi)匀恍枰獙⒋蟛糠志ν度氲教幚韲鴥?nèi)問題上。

Naturally, China is still learning and adjusting to its new global role, as it lacks historical experience of operating on the global stage and also it is still very much preoccupied by domestic concerns and challenges.這引出了我要說的第二點(diǎn)：中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。中國存在的弱點(diǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)我們中國人自己看得最清楚。

That lead to my second point, China is still a developing country.We in China are more conscious of our weaknesses and the challenges facing our country.中國人均GDP剛達(dá)到3000美元多一點(diǎn)，居世界104位，排在牙買加和納米比亞之后。而英國的人均GDP是中國 的13倍。各位是否還記得英國歷史上哪一年處于同樣的收入水平？根據(jù)英國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家安格斯·麥迪森的測算，那要追溯到1913年。

People tend to forget that China’s GDP in per capita term is only a little more than 3,000 dollars, ranking us as 104th in the world.We are behind countries like Jamaica and Namibia.UK’s per capita GDP is 13 times higher than China.I wonder if you remember when in history the United Kingdom was at this income level? According to British Economist Angus Maddison: It was as far back as 1913.中國仍處在世界產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端，中國產(chǎn)品的很多設(shè)計(jì)和關(guān)鍵部件都依賴進(jìn)口。中國也許要出口一個(gè)集裝箱的鞋襪，才能買來一個(gè)小小的電腦芯片。China’s manufacturing is at a fairly low value added level and most of the made in China products are made with the world as the design and key parts are often imported.We may have to export a container full of shoes and socks to pay for a tiny computer chip.中國發(fā)展不平衡的問題也相當(dāng)突出。許多外國人看到北京和上海，以為那就是中國，但若去中國廣大的西部地區(qū)看看，肯定會(huì)得出截然不同的結(jié)論。中國還處在工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的早期，65%的人口是農(nóng)民。有1.35億人每天生活費(fèi)不足1美元。我們不能因?yàn)樗〉玫某删投湴磷詽M，這也正是為什么中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人常說，要有憂患意識(shí)，居安思危。

China also faces the serious challenge of uneven development.Many foreigners come to vibrant Beijing or Shanghai and think they have seen China.But for those who have visited China’s far west, will have a different experience and understanding.China is still in the early stage of industrialization and urbanization, with sixty five percent of its people live in the rural areas.You may be surprised to know that one hundred and thirty five million Chinese people live under less than one dollar a day.We can’t be conceited with what we have achieved.This is why Chinese leaders often say that we need to be aware of the difficulties and risks, even when we are enjoying stability and prosperity.當(dāng)然，這并不意味著我們會(huì)無視世界對(duì)中國承擔(dān)全球責(zé)任日益上升的期待。因此，我想說的第三點(diǎn)是，中國正在學(xué)習(xí)承擔(dān)更大的國際責(zé)任。

That is not to say that China should ignore the growing expectations in the world for China to take on global responsibilities.So my third point is about China learning to undertake new international responsibilities.正如國家主席胡錦濤所說，中國的前途命運(yùn)與世界的前途命運(yùn)前所未有地緊密聯(lián)系在一起。

As the Chinese President Hu Jintao remarked, China’s destiny has never been so closely linked with the destiny of the world.我想，中國崛起之所以成為熱門話題，也是因?yàn)樵S多人不確定中國強(qiáng)大后將如何運(yùn)用自身實(shí)力，中國能否擺脫國強(qiáng)必霸的窠臼。

One of the reasons why the rise of China was such a hot topic is that, many people, especially scholars can’t be certain how China is going to exert its influence as a new world power and would China too fall into the track of military expansion of the previous powers.事實(shí)上，中國作為經(jīng)濟(jì)大國對(duì)世界并不是什么新鮮事。在18世紀(jì)以前的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里，中國一直是世界上經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最強(qiáng)盛的國家，GDP一度占世界一半以上。但是，中華文明沒有謀霸的基因，而只是一個(gè)朝代接一個(gè)朝代地修筑長城，以阻擋游牧部族。

What I want to say is that China being an economic power is not new to the world.It was the most important economic powerhouse for hundreds of years before the 18th Century.Its manufacturing was at times more than half of the world’s total.However, expansionism was not in China’s cultural genes.In Dynasty after dynasty, the Chinese built up the Great Wall to fend off the nomadic tribes.進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，中國通過對(duì)外積極貿(mào)易獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，并且得益于相對(duì)和平的國際環(huán)境。在當(dāng)今全球化的世界里，各國的利益高度融合，相互聯(lián)系和依存日益緊密。因此，中國確定的對(duì)外關(guān)系的基調(diào)是追求和平、發(fā)展與合作。

Coming into the 21st century, China gained economic growth mainly through active trading with the world and by benefiting from a relatively peaceful world environment.Today we live in a globalised world with an unprecedented degree of interdependences among countries and the convergence of their interests.That is why China set the tone for its relationship with the world as: peace, development and cooperation.美國國務(wù)卿希拉里訪問中國的時(shí)候采用了一個(gè)中國成語 “同舟共濟(jì)”，這個(gè)成語表現(xiàn)了時(shí)代的精神，反映了金融危機(jī)中，中國與美國以及歐洲國家關(guān)系的狀態(tài)。Secretary Hillary Clinton, when visiting China, captured this spirit of the times with a Chinese idiom “fighting the storm in the same boat”.This accurately depicts the nature of China’s relationship with the United States, Europe and all other countries amidst the financial crisis.1992年，當(dāng)我參加聯(lián)合國維和行動(dòng)時(shí)，總有人問我，你是韓國人還是菲律賓人？現(xiàn)在，中國是聯(lián)合國常任理事國當(dāng)中參加聯(lián)合國維和行動(dòng)人數(shù)最多的國家，累計(jì)14000人次。中國也為世界減貧和發(fā)展事業(yè)做出貢獻(xiàn)，中非關(guān)系就是很好的例證。In 1992 when I was serving with a UN peace keeping mission, I was always asked are you from Korea or Philippines? Now, among the P5, China is the largest troop contributing country to the UN peace keeping missions worldwide, totaling 14 000.China has also been a serious contributor to global poverty reduction and development efforts.China-Africa relationship is a good case in point.溫家寶總理在中非論壇上提出了推進(jìn)中非合作的8項(xiàng)新舉措，除了為非洲國家提供優(yōu)惠貸款，免除最不發(fā)達(dá)國家債務(wù)等，還將在非洲建５０所學(xué)校，培訓(xùn)1500名校長和老師，將獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金名額增至5500名。中英兩國也在探討在一些非洲項(xiàng)目上合作的可能性。

Premier Wen Jiabao announced at the recent China-Africa Cooperation Forum a series of assistance to African countries.Apart from offering concessional loans and removing debts, China will also build 50 new schools, train 1,500 headmasters and teachers, and give 5,500 scholarships.China and UK are also exploring possibilities working together on some of the African projects.鑒于哥本哈根會(huì)議升溫，我下面談一談中國在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問題上發(fā)揮的作用。中國贊同減排，以阻止全球變暖的趨勢。在中國，極端天氣越來越多，另外在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)，也帶來了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題，亟待解決。

Now, with the Copenhagen Conference heating up, I should also mention China’s role in the global fight against climate change.China believes in the need for cutting emission to counter global warming.We are experiencing more bouts of extreme weather.The fast economic growth has also resulted in serious environmental damages which urgently need to be addressed.中國雖然仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，也自愿采取了降低排放強(qiáng)度的措施，并制定了到2020年進(jìn)一步將單位GDP碳強(qiáng)度降低40-45%的目標(biāo)。中國將把森林覆蓋面積擴(kuò)大4000萬公頃，相當(dāng)于英國國土面積的1倍半。據(jù)國際能源署估計(jì)，如果中國到2020年能兌現(xiàn)上述目標(biāo)，二氧化碳排放量將減少 10億噸，這將是一個(gè)了不起的成就。

Though a developing country, China started voluntary reduction of its emission intensity and set new targets for 2020 to further reducing its carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40-45%.China will also continue to expand forest coverage by 40 million hectares, that is bigger than one and half times the size of UK.According to the International Energy Agency, if China fulfils its target for 2020, it will have reduced its emissions of CO2 by 1 billion tons.That will be a great achievement.但我們在討論氣候變化時(shí)，不能只看到數(shù)字和現(xiàn)象，還要看到其中人的因素。想像一下，當(dāng)一個(gè)中國農(nóng)村通上電以后，農(nóng)民們能打更深的水井，他們的孩子也能第一次看上電視，從中了解多彩的外部世界。他們當(dāng)然期盼更高的生活水平、更多的物質(zhì)享受。

But when discussing climate change, the issue in not only related to facts and figures, there is also the human dimension.Imagine when electricity reaches a Chinese village, not only are the farmers able to drill deeper for water, but also their children would be able to watch TV for the first time and see the wonderful outside world.They of course will dream about a better life and all the things that come with it.誰能對(duì)他們說，你們沒有權(quán)利享受從電視里看到的上海人或倫敦人的生活？如何讓13億人民都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想，并且是以對(duì)環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)任的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)，這是中國面臨的艱巨的使命。我們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)跨越的唯一的出路在于加大科技的投入。Who are we to tell them that they have no right to the kind of life in Shanghai or London they see on TV? China’s difficult mission is to enable all of our 1.3 billion people to have the opportunity to realize their dreams, but to achieve it in an environmentally responsible way.The only way we will make that leap is through investing in science and technology.中國主張權(quán)利與責(zé)任應(yīng)當(dāng)平衡。中國人均排放二氧化碳4.6噸，而美國和英國人均分別為20噸和8.7噸。從1750年到2005年，發(fā)達(dá)國家的排放占世界總排放的80%。即使到今天，發(fā)達(dá)國家人口雖然只占世界人口20%，排放量仍占全球55%。這就是為什么我們在哥本哈根會(huì)議上主張，發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)“共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任”原則，承擔(dān)減排的主要責(zé)任，并增加對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和資金支持。這是一個(gè)涉及公平和平等的發(fā)展權(quán)利的問題。

China believes in a balance between rights and obligations.China’s emission per person is 4.6 tons, compared with 20 tons in America and 8.7 tons in Britain.Between 1750 and 2005, developed countries accounted for 80% of the world’s CO2 emissions.Even today, with only 20% of the world’s population, developed countries pump more than 55% of the total emissions into the atmosphere.That is why we support the idea that developed countries should take the lead in emission reduction in Copenhagen according to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and that they should increase technology transfer and funding for developing countries.This is ultimately about fairness and equal right to development.中國與世界的關(guān)系仍在演變之中。擴(kuò)大中國對(duì)外部世界的了解和外部世界對(duì)中國的了解，對(duì)增進(jìn)彼此理解與合作至關(guān)重要。中國熱情地?fù)肀澜?，英語熱方興未艾。每年新增英語學(xué)習(xí)者超過2000萬。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)是一個(gè)重要的推動(dòng)器，奧運(yùn)前后，家庭主婦、出租車司機(jī)都在努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。

China’s relationship with the world is still evolving.Greater knowledge of the outside world and greater knowledge by the outside world of China are essential to greater understanding and cooperation between China and the world.China is embracing the world with enthusiasm and English learning has become very popular.20 million more people take up English learning every year.Olympics was a great promoter and even housewives and taxi-drivers were learning English before the games.事實(shí)上，語言障礙可以是影響理解的重要因素。我可以舉一個(gè)例子，鄧小平在上世紀(jì)90年代提出，中國外交一個(gè)重要原則是“韜光養(yǎng)晦”。當(dāng)時(shí)世界進(jìn)入重大變革，一些人想將中國拖入圍繞冷戰(zhàn)的是是非非而進(jìn)行的爭論中。鄧小平引用的這句古語是說，不要試圖做超出自己能力的事情。他是強(qiáng)調(diào)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)集中精力發(fā)展自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)。直到今天，這仍然是中國外交的重要指導(dǎo)原則。

Indeed, the language barrier can be a big factor affecting understanding.To give you an example, an important principle in China’s diplomacy is “Taoguangyanghui”(stay away from the limelight), which was proposed by Deng Xiaoping in the 1990s.It was time of great changes in the world and some people wanted to draw China into the debate in the world about the right and wrongs of the cold war and its related issues.By quoting a historical proverb, Mr.Deng, wanted to say that we should focus on our own economic development and refrain from attempting things beyond us.This is still a guiding principle for us.但不知道出于什么動(dòng)機(jī)，一個(gè)美國學(xué)者將這句話翻譯成：“咬緊牙關(guān)、等待時(shí)機(jī)”，不難想象這將如何為“中國威脅論”推波助瀾。

For whatever reason, an American scholar translated it for the Pentagon as “biting the teeth and waiting for the time”.One doesn’t need much imagination to see how this can fuel the China threat theory.很多關(guān)于中國的誤解在某種程度上都因交流不暢造成。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)訪華時(shí)，國際媒體完全忽略了中國網(wǎng)民們和中國媒體上關(guān)于中美關(guān)系、中國與世界關(guān)系的熱烈討論。

Many misunderstanding of China are to some extent a result of miscommunication.When President Obama was visiting China, some media completely ignored the warm debate among the Chinese bloggers on the Chinese web and media, about China US relations and about China and the world.中國現(xiàn)在有2000種報(bào)紙、9000種雜志，每年出版新書23萬種。中國還有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶3.6億人，博客用戶1.8億人。在中國，公眾和輿論界言論活躍，對(duì)幾乎每件事都發(fā)表看法，其中既有很多積極肯定的觀點(diǎn)，也有不少批評(píng)的意見。In China, there are 2000 newspapers and 9000 magazines.230,000 books are published every year.There are 360 million internet users including 180 million bloggers.So there is a very lively public expressing their views sometimes positive and sometimes critical on almost everything.但外部世界很少有人能夠跟上這股快速發(fā)展的信息流。在中西方信息交流中，中國讀到關(guān)于西方的東西一向要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于西方讀到關(guān)于中國的東西。中國早在上世紀(jì)20年代就開始大量翻譯介紹西方的文學(xué)和科學(xué)書籍，現(xiàn)在力度更大，翻譯作品有著廣泛的閱讀群體。一個(gè)中國學(xué)生要考大學(xué)，就不可能不了解一些英國文學(xué)和工業(yè)革命的歷史。而且隨著越來越多的中國人能閱讀英語，在北京、上海的書店里能看到整架整架的英文原版書籍。但這種雙向交流并不平衡，在西方，甚至學(xué)校和圖書館都很少見到關(guān)于中國的書籍，更不要說在書店里了。

But very few people outside China follow this fast growing information flow.Between China and the Western world, China has always read more about the Western World than vise versa.Chinese translation of Western literature and science has grown in strength since the 1920s and is still very strong and are widely read.It is impossible for Chinese student to enter the university without knowing some British literature and the history of industrialization.Now with more Chinese reading English, you can find shelves of original English books in the bookstores in Chinese cities.However this two way traffic is not evenly matched, as you can find very little about China even in the school and university libraries, let alone in the book shops.隨著時(shí)間的推移，老一代翻譯家漸漸淡出歷史舞臺(tái)。翻譯了中國古典名著《紅樓夢》的牛津大學(xué)語言學(xué)家霍克思先生在今年夏天離世。春天我到他家里訪問時(shí)可以感受到先生的寂寥，他的譯作在英國社會(huì)里也鮮有人知。在中國，曾將不少中國名著和詩歌翻譯成英文的著名翻譯家楊憲益先生也與世長辭。我們亟需培養(yǎng)新一代像霍先生、楊先生那樣的翻譯大家。

As time moves on we are seeing the older generation of language experts fading away.David Hawkes, a Sinologist at Oxford, who translated the ancient Chinese classic The Story of the Stone passed away last summer.When I visited him at his home last spring, I could not help realizing his loneliness.His great work is little known here.On the Chinese side, the famous Chinese translator who turn many Chinese classics and poems into English, Mr.Yang Xianyi also passed away recently.We now urgently need a new generation of Chinese-English translators to continue the work and efforts of great men like them.中國已經(jīng)向世界伸出了手，目前在包括英國在內(nèi)的87個(gè)國家建立了282個(gè)孔子學(xué)院和241個(gè)孔子課堂。我們高興地看到，世界握住了中國伸出來的手。China has stretched out its hand to the world.There are now 282 Confucius Institutes and 241 Confucius Classrooms set up in 87 countries, including in the UK.We are glad that the world is taking China’s hand.在英國，越來越多的學(xué)校開設(shè)中文課程。在中國有3000名英國留學(xué)生，在英國則有8萬名中國留學(xué)生，我希望他們能建立起更多溝通的橋梁。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在上海訪問時(shí)宣布，今后4年，美國派往中國的留學(xué)生將增加到10萬人，我也希望有更多的英國留學(xué)生到中國來。Here in UK, more and more schools are taking up Chinese language teaching.There are about 3000 British students studying in China and 80,000 Chinese students in the UK.I hope more bridges will be built by them.President Obama announced in Shanghai that a hundred thousand American students will come to China in the next four years.Similar measures could also be taken by this country.在結(jié)束之前，我要說，英語聯(lián)盟多年來幫助中國開展英語教學(xué)，我們對(duì)此深表贊賞。你們過去幾十年的努力成果豐碩，為增進(jìn)中國和世界的溝通做了很大貢獻(xiàn)。Before concluding, I want to say that we appreciate the ESU’s years of effort to cultivate the learning of English in China.What you did decades ago is bearing fruit and you can take some credit for China’s engagement with the world today.現(xiàn)在世界需要更好地了解中國。我希望英語聯(lián)盟在新時(shí)期發(fā)揮更大的作用，成為中英伙伴關(guān)系中不可或缺的橋梁。

Now the world needs to know China better.I would like to see ESU playing a growing role in this new era and be an indispensable bridge for the partnership between China and the UK and China and the world.謝謝大家！Thank you.