第一篇:淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂話語(yǔ)
淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂話語(yǔ)
【摘要】教師話語(yǔ)在日常的教學(xué)工作中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師話語(yǔ)可大致分為兩大類(lèi),一類(lèi)是同教學(xué)內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)話語(yǔ);一類(lèi)是同教學(xué)內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)、但起著組織與引導(dǎo)教學(xué)作用的英語(yǔ)課堂用語(yǔ)。本文將對(duì)這兩類(lèi)教師話語(yǔ)的進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的分析。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 英語(yǔ)教學(xué)話語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)課堂組織用語(yǔ)
【正文】
Nunan(1991)指出,“教師話語(yǔ)對(duì)課堂教學(xué)的組織及學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得兩者都是至為關(guān)鍵的,這不僅因?yàn)榻虒W(xué)內(nèi)容只有通過(guò)完美的教師話語(yǔ)的組織與傳授才能達(dá)到理想的教學(xué)效果,而且因?yàn)樗旧磉€起目的語(yǔ)(target language)使用的示范作用,是學(xué)生語(yǔ)言輸入的又一重要途徑。” 可見(jiàn)教師話語(yǔ)的質(zhì)量的好壞往往直接影響與決定教學(xué)效果的好壞。
一、英語(yǔ)教學(xué)話語(yǔ)
(一)教師的導(dǎo)入用語(yǔ)
導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)是教師講授課程新內(nèi)容的導(dǎo)言,是引入課程新內(nèi)容的第一個(gè)重要的課堂教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)。作為課堂教學(xué)的第一步,如果我們能在導(dǎo)入部分成功的將學(xué)生帶入我們要教學(xué)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)欲望與熱情,那么這節(jié)課我們就成功了一半。導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)既要有趣味性,概括性,啟發(fā)性,又要融入新知,承前啟后。
試比較下列兩個(gè)以講解Disneyland的導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)。
例1:
T: This morning I will introduce Disneyland to all of you.After learning, you must tell me what you have learned.Now, turn to Page …
例2:
T:(give students some pictures about Disneyland characters and play the song can you feel my love tonight)
Today we will have a trip to five Disneyland parks in different countries.Are you ready? We will start.相同的話題,例1 的導(dǎo)入古板枯燥,本應(yīng)該是學(xué)生很感興趣的話題,此時(shí)讓學(xué)生提不起興趣;例2 則是通過(guò)從聽(tīng)覺(jué),視覺(jué)上對(duì)學(xué)生的刺激,又把本課設(shè)計(jì)成一次旅行,從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。
那么在日常的教學(xué)工作中我們面臨的教學(xué)資源并不都是學(xué)生感興趣的話題,這時(shí)導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)更需要我們?nèi)セㄐ乃肌?/p>
比較下面兩則教寫(xiě) Found and Lost 的導(dǎo)入語(yǔ)。
例1:
T: Today we will learn how to write Found and Lost.例2:
T:(looks worried, without the text book)I’m sorry but I can’t find my text book, can you help me to find my English book?
例1 選擇的是直接倒入,但是枯燥無(wú)味,而例2 則是情感式導(dǎo)入,教師配合一定的面部表情和動(dòng)作,使之與教學(xué)內(nèi)容相協(xié)調(diào),充分吸引學(xué)生的注意力,調(diào)動(dòng)其積極性。
(二)教師的提問(wèn)用語(yǔ)
教師的提問(wèn)是教師在教學(xué)過(guò)程中的重要組成部分,也是組織課堂教學(xué)的重要手段。一次成功的教學(xué)離不開(kāi)教師的提問(wèn)技巧,如何問(wèn)、怎么問(wèn)、什么時(shí)候問(wèn)都需要教師精心設(shè)計(jì)。可以說(shuō)英語(yǔ)教師課堂提問(wèn)的話語(yǔ)形式、內(nèi)容和質(zhì)量影響著語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。
如在學(xué)生讀完人教版九年級(jí)unit12 reading: You’re supposed to write quickly!之后教師設(shè)計(jì)的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1.What’s e-mail English?
2.Where does e-mail English come from?
3.What do these e-mail words mean?BRB, CU2morrow, ASAP, CU, BTW, CUL8r
4.What do you think using e-mail English in a test?Can you tell me the reasons?(Share your ideas with your classmates)
在這四個(gè)提問(wèn)中,前兩個(gè)屬于展示式提問(wèn),教師事先已知道問(wèn)題的答案,這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的設(shè)置旨在幫學(xué)生檢測(cè)和評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握;第三個(gè)問(wèn)題屬于參閱式,是讓學(xué)生通過(guò)回憶文章內(nèi)容得出答案,目的是進(jìn)一步引起學(xué)生的興趣;第四個(gè)問(wèn)題屬于非回顧性提問(wèn),主要是學(xué)生通過(guò)利用已知的信息進(jìn)行綜合思考,從而形成自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法。非回顧性提問(wèn)屬于高一層認(rèn)知水平的提問(wèn),答案具有開(kāi)放性和多樣性,能發(fā)散學(xué)生的思維。這樣又目的地去設(shè)置問(wèn)題,讓問(wèn)題具有層次性,能使各個(gè)層次的學(xué)生受益。
(三)教師的講解用語(yǔ)
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師面臨的十幾歲的中學(xué)生,他們的認(rèn)知水平有限,又很強(qiáng)得求知欲望與模仿能力,這就決定著中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師的講解用語(yǔ)要簡(jiǎn)化準(zhǔn)確,盡量避免語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)用錯(cuò)誤,讓學(xué)生充分了解中西方文化差異。
1.講解用語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)化準(zhǔn)確:簡(jiǎn)化并不等于平鋪直敘,呆板。簡(jiǎn)化準(zhǔn)確的課堂用語(yǔ)能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思辨、分析、推理,我們可以通過(guò)設(shè)問(wèn),類(lèi)比等多種形式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
2.語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)用的準(zhǔn)確:在情景交際中,學(xué)生們經(jīng)常遇到這樣的句子:You are so nice on this red coat.而這時(shí)學(xué)生所選的答案往往是 Don’t say it like that 或者是 just so so.導(dǎo)致這種錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是學(xué)生將學(xué)過(guò)的句子運(yùn)用不到合適的情景之中。
3.對(duì)中西方文化差異的了解:這里有一個(gè)發(fā)生在校園里的真實(shí)的例子:圣誕節(jié)來(lái)了,學(xué)生給外籍教師送去了一份包裝精美的禮物。外籍教師興奮地問(wèn):“Can I open it now?”學(xué)生卻不好意思地?fù)u搖頭,“No.It’s only a cheap present.”把外籍教師弄得十分尷尬。事實(shí)上,外國(guó)人收到禮物時(shí),習(xí)慣于當(dāng)面打開(kāi),連聲叫好并表示感謝。不了解中西方文化的差異導(dǎo)致了出現(xiàn)這種尷尬局面。
(四)教師的反饋用語(yǔ)
這里的教師的反饋用語(yǔ)區(qū)別于教師評(píng)價(jià)用語(yǔ),在此過(guò)程中,教師關(guān)心的是回答的內(nèi)容,而非語(yǔ)言本身。如下面這個(gè)例子:
T: Which book do you like best?
S: I like the story book best.T: Why do you like it best?(話語(yǔ)性反饋)
S: Because it’s interesting stories, I can learn something from it.T: It’s exciting.Whom do you usually read the story with ?(話語(yǔ)性反饋)S: Myself.T: Can you tell us a story?(話語(yǔ)性反饋)
S: OK.在以上對(duì)話中,教師與學(xué)生就學(xué)生喜歡的書(shū)這一話題在進(jìn)行交流,這期間教師一共給予三次反饋,反饋中教師沒(méi)有直接糾正學(xué)生話語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤(it’s interesting stories, I can learn something from it),也沒(méi)有直接表明學(xué)生的回答是對(duì)還是錯(cuò),而是采取提問(wèn)的方式使得交流順利進(jìn)行,最大限度地引發(fā)了學(xué)生的話語(yǔ)輸出。
二、組織、引導(dǎo)教學(xué)的英語(yǔ)課堂用語(yǔ)
(一)教師的組織課堂用語(yǔ)
初中英語(yǔ)課的時(shí)長(zhǎng)大概是40分鐘或45分鐘,加上初中學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水平有限,在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)要有效的完成各教學(xué)目標(biāo),要求教師的組織課堂及活動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言必須要簡(jiǎn)潔明確。
(二)教師的提問(wèn)等待期用語(yǔ)
教師提問(wèn)后與學(xué)生反應(yīng),并回答問(wèn)題往往有一小段的時(shí)間,它一般由教師控制,所以也是教師話語(yǔ)的一部分。在這段時(shí)間中,學(xué)生對(duì)教師的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行思考、理解、組織語(yǔ)言這樣一個(gè)過(guò)程,可以說(shuō)這是一個(gè)很重要的過(guò)程。M.B.Rowe曾對(duì)課堂進(jìn)行觀察后指出:總體來(lái)說(shuō),教師在指定一個(gè)學(xué)生回答之時(shí),等待的時(shí)間不足兩秒,如果三秒后學(xué)生還不回答,教師就要干預(yù)了,或說(shuō)出答案,或重復(fù)問(wèn)題,或另請(qǐng)他人。Rowe強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)教師確實(shí)有耐心將等到的時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至3或5秒,將會(huì)有更多的學(xué)生更深的參與到課堂中來(lái)。在我們?nèi)粘5慕虒W(xué)中,我們應(yīng)重視這幾秒對(duì)學(xué)生的影響,讓更多的學(xué)生能參與到課堂中來(lái)。
(三)教師的評(píng)價(jià)用語(yǔ)
教學(xué)的成功涉及多方面的因素,適時(shí)、正確、靈活地選用評(píng)價(jià)方式,會(huì)對(duì)教學(xué)成功起到不可忽視的作用?!癎ood/Very good/Great/Wonderful/Well done/Excellent/ you can do it” 這
是我們常用的鼓勵(lì)性的話語(yǔ),但當(dāng)學(xué)生出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤,我們應(yīng)怎樣進(jìn)行適時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。例如:當(dāng)學(xué)though的用法時(shí),學(xué)生造了這樣一個(gè)句子 Though it is dark, but farmers still work on the farm.例 1 教師直接指出其錯(cuò)誤或者由其他學(xué)生指出。
例2 教師讓各個(gè)層次的學(xué)生分別造句,并把具有代表性的句子寫(xiě)在黑板上,讓學(xué)生自己糾正改錯(cuò),教師給予積極的評(píng)價(jià)。這樣既糾正了錯(cuò)誤,又保護(hù)了學(xué)生的積極性,讓學(xué)生有繼續(xù)開(kāi)口的勇氣。
教學(xué)語(yǔ)言是經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮, 有一定的目的, 給學(xué)生心靈震撼和啟迪的教育性語(yǔ)言,英語(yǔ)教師的語(yǔ)言是學(xué)生所學(xué)語(yǔ)言的重要來(lái)源, 是學(xué)生掌握目的語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵, 是學(xué)生了解目的語(yǔ)的手段,所以我們應(yīng)當(dāng)不斷提高自身素質(zhì), 加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)基本功的練習(xí),成就學(xué)生,同時(shí)也精彩自己。
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
李維。課堂教學(xué)理論,貴州人民出版社,1998
孟春國(guó)。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂提問(wèn)行為研究,[J] 中小學(xué)外語(yǔ)教學(xué) 2004年第10期
趙常友。中外英語(yǔ)教師課堂反饋話語(yǔ)比較,曲靖師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 2008年2月第27卷第2期
第二篇:中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂用語(yǔ)300句
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂用語(yǔ)300句
第一部分 復(fù)習(xí)熱身(Revision and warm-up)I.課前準(zhǔn)備(Preparation for a class)1.Clean the blackboard, please.2.Try to be on time./ Don't be late next time.3.Go back to your seat, please.4.Linda, have you collected the students’ homework? 5.Here are your exercise-books.Please hand them out.6.Monitor, would you please get some chalk for me? 7.I’m sorry I’m late./ Excuse me for coming late.8.Pass me the ruler and help me with the wall charts, please.II.組織上課(Beginning a class)9.Are you ready for class?
10.Class begins./ It’s time for class.Let’s start our class/lesson./ Let's get started.11.Stand up, please!/ All rise, please!III.問(wèn)候(Greeting)
12.Hello./ Good morning / afternoon, class /everyone /everybody /children/boys and girls.13.Sit down, please./Please be seated.IV.考勤(Checking attendance)14.Who's on duty today?/Who's helping today? 15.Is everyone/everybody here/present? 16.Is anyone /anybody absent? 17.Who's absent/not here/ not at school?/Who's away? 18.Where is he/she? Do you know where he/she is? V.自由對(duì)話(Free talk)19.How are you today? 20.Did you have a good weekend? 21.Did you enjoy the holiday?
22.Tell me what you did at the weekend? 23.What day is it today? 24.What's the date today? 25.What's the weather like today? /How’s the weather today? VI.課前演講(Speech)
26.Who’s going to give us a speech today? Who’d like to tell us a story today? 27.You can choose any topic you like.28.Listen to him carefully then ask and answer questions about his speech/talk.VII.復(fù)習(xí)(Revision)29.First, let's review the lesson.30.What did we learn in the last lesson?
31.Who can remember /tell me what we learned in the last lesson? 32.Before the new lesson, let’s review some words and phrases.33.Take out your exercise-book.Let’s have a dictation about the words and phrases.34.I’ll ask two students to write the answers on the blackboard.Any volunteer? 35.Who would like to come to the front and write on the blackboard? 36.So much for the dictation.Please hand in your exercise-books.第二部分 新課 New Lesson
I.導(dǎo)入(Lead in)
37.Now it’s time to learn the new lesson.Unit 1 Lesson 1.38.Now we're going to learn something new/ different./Now let's learn something new.39.What’s the title of this unit, please?
40.What do you think we’re going to learn from the title?
II.學(xué)習(xí)新的詞匯和表達(dá)方式(Learning the new words or expressions)
41.Now we’re going to learn some new words and expressions.42.Have you previewed the new words? 43.What’s the meaning of the word?
44.Who can explain the use of the word to me? 45.(Give me)An example, please? Can you give me an example? 46.OK.Tell me the differences between the two sentences.47.Can you tell A from B now? 48.Look up the word in the dictionary.49.Can you make a sentence with this word/phrase? 50.Can you say the sentence/phrase/word in another way? III.口語(yǔ)(Speaking)
51.Project your voice so everyone in the room can hear you.52.Show your usual self when speaking English to your classmates.53.Give complete sentences.54.Act in the roles of the two characters in the passage.55.Why don’t you retell the story in your own words? 56.Shall I give you a clue? 57.Sum it up in a few words.58.What can you see in the picture? 59.What else? Anything else / more? Any other things? 60.Look at Picture 1, guess what is going on/ has happened? 61.Who can describe all the pictures in detail again? 62.Well, let’s come to the dialogue in Part II.63.Read the dialogue in pairs, please.64.Practice the dialogue in pairs then act it out.65.Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B.66.Let’s do a role –play.Who wants to be A? 67.Who wants to act the dialogue out? 68.Make a dialogue using the following expressions.69.Ask and answer questions about the dialogue.70.Make a similar dialogue according to your own real life.71.Complete the dialogue.IV.聽(tīng)力(Listening)
72.It is essential to identity who, what, when, where, why and how of an utterance.73.Listen until you understand all the details.74.Guess the implication from the context.75.This is go give you practice in listening for the general idea.76.Let me give you some key words(difficult words/ new words).77.Listen again and pick out words that you don’t know.78.That seemed a little too fast.79.Can you explain it in your own words? 80.Jot down the main points while listening.81.Listen and mark the answer to each question.82.Now listen to the tape.Before listening, look at the pictures and guess who can play soccer well.83.Before listening, read through the questions in the book.84.Close your books while listening.85.Let’s check the answers.86.Listen again, do Exercise 2, please.87.Listen to the tape again and repeat, then answer more questions.V.閱讀(Reading)
88.What’s the title of the passage, please? 89.How many paragraphs are there in this article?
Skimming---Read fast then tell me the main/ general idea of each paragraph.91.Now read the text quickly, and find out the answers to the guiding questions.92.Scanning---Read again carefully, then answer the questions.93.Read carefully;fill in the blanks according to the passage.94.Read it in detail /carefully for the second time, then answer the questions on Page 24 of your workbook.95.Can you tell me the clue sentence?
96.Now read the text by yourself.If you have any questions, please ask me.97.Listen and repeat./Listen and try to follow it.98.Translate this sentence into Chinese./Put the sentence into Chinese.99.Who can guess the meaning of the word in the context? 100.Find out the important words and phrases in the paragraph.101.Find out the difficulties that you don’t understand.102.What does “them” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 refer to according to the context? 103.Look at the key words on the blackboard and retell the text.104.Now who can retell the text according to the table(表格)? 105.Can you predict a good ending for this passage?
106.Paraphrase the sentence, please./Who can say it in another/a different way? 107.What do you think of the article? /How do you like the article? 108.What have you learned from the text? 109.What’s your opinion/idea? VI.語(yǔ)音(Pronunciation)
110.Who can tell me what letter or letter combination(字母組合)makes / i:/ sound? 111.Read it correctly.Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.112.Letter “a” here makes an /ei/ sound.113.Read the sentence with a rising /falling tone/intonation.114.How many syllables does this word have? 115.Which syllable is stressed?
116.Pronounce the long vowels long enough.117.Pronounce diphthongs fully.118.Notice the difference between the two consonants.VII.寫(xiě)作(Writing)
119.After learning the text, please rewrite the text within 100 words.120.Shorten the text in your own words.121.Look at the pictures and the words given;write a story with no more than 100 words.122.Write an 80-word passage with the following expressions in ten minutes.123.Have you finished the writing? Finish up? 124.After learning the text, write a new composition with the title of Susan’s Day.Please change the first person into the third person.Pay attention to the change of verb forms.125.The title should be written with a capital letter./ The first letter should be capitalized.126.Always remember to check the punctuation when you check your spelling.127.A comma(period/ full stop/ semicolon/ colon/ exclamation mark)is needed here.128.Begin each paragraph on a new line with an indentation of four spaces.129.Write neatly and carefully.130.Don’t write to the very edge(side)of the paper.131.Don’t always use the same words and phrases in your composition.132.Look up words where you are not too sure in the process of your writing.133.Brainstorming before writing is important in generating ideas.134.This sentence is too long and complicated.Break it(up)into two sentences.135.Focus on the topic sentence within one paragraph.136.You can first give the background information, and then present the theme.137.Organize your thoughts well before you write.138.You will be a proficient writer if you keep practicing.Ⅷ.語(yǔ)法(Grammar)
139.What part of speech is this word in the sentence? 140.Pay attention to the use of form words(function words)/ notional words(content words)in this sentence.141.Pay special attention to the verbs.142.Put the attributive phrases after the nouns they modify.143.Provide the adjective derivative of the word.144.Replace the nouns with appropriate pronouns.145.Analyze the grammar of the sentence.146.What is the subject in the sentence? 147.Think whether it is an object or a subject complement.148.Invert the sentence.149.Find out all the general, special, alternative and disjunctive questions(or tag
questions)in the text.150.Classify the sentences in the paragraph into dimple, compound and complex sentences.151.Transform this attributive clause into a participial phrase.152.Put this auxiliary verb at the beginning of the emphatic sentence.153.Render the direct speech in the passage into the reported speech.154.Let’s look up a new grammar point.155.Explain the difference between their usages.第三部分 練習(xí)(Exercises)
156.Let’s go back to the exercises.Please watch the big screen.157.Look at the exercises on Page 46.158.Fill in the missing words.159.Fill in the blanks with proper words.160.Fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given.161.Make the two sentences have the same meaning.162.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.163.Make sentences with the following sentence patterns.164.Make a dialogue according to the passage.165.Choose the best answer for each blank.166.Rewrite the sentences according to the requirement.167.Turn the following sentences into questions according to the underlined part.168.Make the following sentences into negative ones.169.Turn the following sentences into questions then write them in your exercise book.170.Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms.171.Find the word with a different sound./Find the word which has a different sound from the others.172.Re-arrange the sentences./ Put the sentences in the right order.173.Join the two sentences with proper conjunctions.174.Choose the best answer for the underlined part.175.Complete the sentences according to the Chinese meaning 176.Match the words or phrases.177.Form sentences with the words given.178.Write questions according to the answers.179.Write down the short forms of the following.180.Write down the past and past participle forms of the verbs.181.Choose the right sound of the underlined word.182.Put the following sentences into plural forms.183.Complete the sentences with the past continuous tense.第四部分
其他課堂活動(dòng)(Classroom activities)I.鼓勵(lì)(Encouragement)
184.Who would like to answer this question? 185.Who would like to have a try? Any volunteers? 186.Who knows the answer? Please raise your hand if you know the answer.187.Just have a try.It doesn’t matter if you make any mistakes.188.Come on.You can do it.189.Don’t worry.Take it easy!
190.Don’t be nervous!191.Be active!
192.Be brave!
193.No hurry/ Take your time.194.Anything more? Who can say something more about it? 195.Who has a different idea? 196.Use your head.II.組織課堂,提起注意(Organizing class ,Directing attention)197.Look here, please.198.All eyes on me, please!/Look at me, please!199.Don’t look out of the window.200.Attention, please.201.Keep silent.202.No more talking, please.203.Stop making noise.Don’t disturb the others.204.Don’t whisper to each other.205.Watch carefully, please.206.Please look at the blackboard/picture/map...207.Please write neatly.208.Pay attention to your spelling and pronunciation.209.Throw the waste paper away.210.Look at what I'm doing.211.You may do as I do.III.發(fā)出指令;詢(xún)問(wèn)情況(Issuing a command;Making inquiries)212.Let’s start now./Let’s get started.213.All together, please 214.Let's do it one by one.215.Whose turn is it? 216.It's your turn..217.Who’s next? 218.Hands down.219.Please open your books and turn to Page 1.220.(I beg your)pardon? I didn’t hear you clearly.221.Please repeat it.222.(A little)Louder, please.223.Read slowly and clearly.Slow down, please 224.225226.Go ahead, please.227.It’s better to say it in English.228.You may speak Chinese if you can’t say it in English.229.Tell me the full/short answer, please.230.Put your things away.231.Please take out your notebooks/exercise books.232
233.Are you clear? /Do you understand? Do you catch my idea? 234.What do you mean by that? 235.Are you tired? Let’s take a break.236.Is that correct?
237.Do you know how to correct the mistakes? 238.Are you through? / Have you finished? 239.Do you have any questions? 240.Do you agree with him?
IV.小組活動(dòng)及游戲(Group work and games)241.Now let’s discuss it in groups.242.Get into groups./ Let’s practice in groups of three / four./ In groups.243.Let’s sing a song to relax(our minds).244.Let’s play a game to relax for a moment.245.Look at them, their actions and guess what they are doing.246.Let’s see if you can guess.I’ll give you an example.247.Work in twos on these passages.248.If you are left alone, you can join any pair(group).249.Could I have this group to provide the answer? 250.Who would like to take the role of Anna? 251.Imagine you are the lady who has lost her bag.252.You can refer to your book when you forget things.253.Let’s give a big hand to them.254.Let me show you how it is done.255.Who hasn’t had a chance yet?
256.Get into five teams of five.257.For each point you score, you will receive a cross on this chart.258.Find all the mistakes in each other’s work.第五部分 評(píng)價(jià)和小結(jié)(Evaluation)
259.Good!/Very good./Good job./Good work./Good example/Nice work 260.Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./ Wonderful/Fantastic/ Terrific!261.Exactly/ Perfect 262.I don't think so.263.You’re nearly right, but you'd better...264.That's not quite right, any other answers? 265.That's almost right.266.Not bad./Sounds good.267.Not quite right, can anyone help him / her? / Try again.268.Don't worry about it./ No problem.269.Who can help him with the question, please? 270.Who can correct the mistakes for him? 271.Who can help him out? 272.Good idea!That makes sense.273.Who can summarize this lesson?
第六部分 布置作業(yè)(Setting homework)
274.Today’275.Write each word five times.276.Memorize these words, important phrases and sentences.277.Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.278.Preview the next lesson.279.Finish off the workbook exercises.280.Review the new vocabulary and structure in this unit
281.Copy the last part of the text.282.Recite the first paragraph of the text.283.Be ready for the test on Friday.284.Review today’s lesson before doing your homework.285.Finish this task before our next session.第七部分 下課(Dismissing the class)286.Time is up.287.The bell is ringing./That’s the bell.288.Let's stop here.289.That's all for today.290.Class is over.291..Goodbye./Bye./See you next time.第八部分 考試(Test)
292.Brush up on the lessons before any test.293.We’ll have a test now 294.Help me hand out the paper.295.Pass the extra paper back to the front.296.Write in pen on the answer sheet.297.Don’t worry, you still have plenty of time to do your work.298.Hand in the paper.299.You must finish it in ten minutes.300.OK/Well, time is up.Hand in your papers, please.Situation 1: Checking Attendance
Suppose one of the students is absent in class, and teacher wants to know what happened on him or her.Make a conversation between the teacher and the monitor.Situation 2: Asking for Questions and Asking Question Create a scene in teaching “What’s your favorite…?” sentence structure.Make a dialogue between the teacher and a student.Teacher asks questions and student answers them either correctly or incorrectly.Situation 3: Encouraging and Commenting
Teacher asks a difficult question and gets no response from the students.Despite of the correctness of students’ answer, try to find ways to encourage the students to answer the questions, and give feed back to the answer.Situation 4: Teaching Pronunciation Make a bilateral activities in English Teaching between the teacher and a student in teaching four front vowels: /i: /, / /, /e/, /
Situation 5: Teaching Vocabulary Make a bilateral activity between the teacher and the students in teaching the following new words “doctor, nurse, worker, teacher, engineer…” to the students.Situation 6: Teaching and Learning Activities and Games Make a conversation between the teacher and the students on calling attention to the tasks, assigning roles and declaring the instructions for games.Situation 7: Teaching singing and chants Prepare an English song or a chant and sing it aloud.
第三篇:淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高效課堂
淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高效課堂
汪東
麥積區(qū)向榮學(xué)校
***
淺談中學(xué)英語(yǔ)高效課堂
摘 要:高效課堂就是要最大程度地發(fā)揮課堂教學(xué)的功能和作用,即在課堂45分鐘內(nèi)要最大限度、最完美地完成教學(xué)任務(wù)、達(dá)成育人目標(biāo),在課堂有限的教學(xué)時(shí)間內(nèi)最完美地實(shí)現(xiàn)教育教學(xué)的三維目標(biāo)整合,以求得課堂教學(xué)的最大效益。高效課堂是一種全新的科學(xué)教學(xué)理念,是一種理想的教學(xué)典范,真正的高效課堂的目的是讓師生用最短的時(shí)間,獲得最大的收獲。
關(guān)鍵詞:把握教材 課前預(yù)習(xí)營(yíng)造學(xué)習(xí)氣氛 反思
一、領(lǐng)悟課標(biāo)、把握教材是構(gòu)建高效課堂的基本保障
作為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師,應(yīng)該潛心研究新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研究教材和學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀況。新課標(biāo)對(duì)課程的性質(zhì)、教學(xué)理念和設(shè)計(jì)思路都做了具體的闡述,具有指導(dǎo)性和可操作性。領(lǐng)悟了新課標(biāo)精神,可以更好地、更有效率地去指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí),使他們獲得最大的收獲。
二、課前預(yù)習(xí)是構(gòu)建高效課堂的必要前提
明確、具體、全面的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是保證課堂教學(xué)實(shí)效性的重中之重。在制定教學(xué)目標(biāo)時(shí),可將教學(xué)內(nèi)容分解成一個(gè)個(gè)具體的目標(biāo),首先做到完成每課的小目標(biāo),然后完成好單元目標(biāo),從而達(dá)到最終完成總體目標(biāo)。在教學(xué)中要做到教有目標(biāo),學(xué)有目標(biāo),指導(dǎo)檢查也有目標(biāo),有的放矢地進(jìn)行教學(xué)。在教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)、課堂教學(xué)中構(gòu)建有利于學(xué)生自主、合作、探究學(xué)習(xí)的教學(xué)模式和空間,促使學(xué)生去質(zhì)疑、去思考、去探索、去發(fā)現(xiàn),要讓學(xué)生敢說(shuō)、會(huì)說(shuō),愿意并善于同他人合作,使學(xué)生的頭腦不再是知識(shí)的容器,而成為被點(diǎn)燃的火把。教學(xué)中不但要讓學(xué)生在知識(shí)與能力上得到同步發(fā)展,而且在認(rèn)知與情感上還要得到和諧發(fā)展。科學(xué)地制訂最佳的教學(xué)目標(biāo),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)以最少的教學(xué)時(shí)間和精力取得最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果。構(gòu)建高效課堂不單單只是依靠教師,除了教師要把這一節(jié)課堂的內(nèi)容把握準(zhǔn)
確外,學(xué)生也要在課前做好充分的課前預(yù)習(xí)工作,這樣才能在短短的40分鐘內(nèi),取得最大的知識(shí)信息,掌握知識(shí)重點(diǎn),這樣學(xué)生學(xué)著也會(huì)越來(lái)越感興趣。所以,在平時(shí)教學(xué)中,教師也要著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)的良好習(xí)慣,這樣課堂教學(xué)會(huì)變得“因?qū)W而教,順學(xué)而導(dǎo)”。
三、營(yíng)造良好的學(xué)習(xí)氣氛是構(gòu)建高效課堂的重要條件
在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,教師不能只是單單地把課本上面的知識(shí)“搬到”學(xué)生的大腦里面,這樣的死板式教學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)絲毫沒(méi)有興趣,會(huì)導(dǎo)致其厭學(xué),教師的課堂效率也會(huì)降低。所以,在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,教師要從實(shí)際出發(fā),巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地參與進(jìn)來(lái),激發(fā)他們的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力,點(diǎn)燃思維火花。例如,在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂上,教師可以組織學(xué)生表演英語(yǔ)話劇,不僅讓學(xué)生鍛煉了口語(yǔ),還給了他們上臺(tái)表演的機(jī)會(huì),這對(duì)于他們的勇氣和自信也是一種鍛煉,讓他們有一定的成就感,這樣會(huì)使學(xué)生學(xué)得愉快,也樂(lè)于去學(xué)。
自主合作、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效課堂是指在教師組織指導(dǎo)調(diào)控和目標(biāo)引領(lǐng)下,以學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)、自主合作、自主展示和自主反饋矯正為基本學(xué)習(xí)方式的優(yōu)質(zhì)高效課堂。它的基本理念是充分相信學(xué)生,充分依靠學(xué)生,充分解放學(xué)生,從而充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,讓學(xué)生充分感受求知的快樂(lè)。教師把課堂上更多的時(shí)間還給學(xué)生,通過(guò)讓學(xué)生更多地思考,更多地探索,更多地說(shuō)和做,使教學(xué)最大限度地滿足學(xué)生個(gè)體差異,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)課堂教學(xué)的高質(zhì)量和高效率。
要建立自主合作、優(yōu)質(zhì)高效課堂模式,必須實(shí)現(xiàn)教師與學(xué)生兩個(gè)角色的轉(zhuǎn)變:教師必須把習(xí)慣扮演的傳授者、監(jiān)控者、主宰者轉(zhuǎn)換成組織者、參與者、引導(dǎo)者、欣賞者,在課堂教學(xué)中教師當(dāng)導(dǎo)演,學(xué)生唱主角;學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式要由過(guò)去被動(dòng)地接受、自我封閉、等老師教轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽灾鲗W(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)、探究學(xué)習(xí),這種學(xué)習(xí)方式增強(qiáng)了實(shí)踐性與創(chuàng)造性,有利于調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性與主動(dòng)性。
在課堂教學(xué)中要做到突出重點(diǎn)、突破難點(diǎn),每一堂課都要有一個(gè)重點(diǎn),而整堂課的教學(xué)都是圍繞著這個(gè)重點(diǎn)來(lái)逐步展開(kāi)的。為了讓學(xué)生明確本堂課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),教師在上課開(kāi)始時(shí)首先展示教學(xué)目標(biāo),以便引起學(xué)生的重視。講授重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,是整堂課的教學(xué)高潮。教師可以通過(guò)肢體語(yǔ)言或應(yīng)用模型、投影儀、多媒體等直觀教具,刺激學(xué)生的大腦,抓住學(xué)生的眼睛,抓住學(xué)生的心,使每一位學(xué)生都能興奮起來(lái),對(duì)所學(xué)內(nèi)容在大腦中刻下深刻的印象,產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣,提高學(xué)生對(duì)新知識(shí)的接受能力。
四、教學(xué)反思是構(gòu)建高效課堂的必要環(huán)節(jié)
教學(xué)反思是教師自我平價(jià)和自我成長(zhǎng)的重要途徑。任何事情都不是完美的,課堂教學(xué)也是如此!每節(jié)課并不是都能夠有很好的收獲。這就需要教師在課下深入的思考、反思。對(duì)每一個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)際是否符合、學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)狀況是否良好、課堂生成狀況等認(rèn)真總結(jié),找出有規(guī)律的東西。在不斷反思中學(xué)習(xí)、成長(zhǎng)。
五、在活動(dòng)實(shí)施過(guò)程中,還要注意師生關(guān)系:
1.要營(yíng)造良好的課堂教學(xué)氛圍
學(xué)生普遍喜歡那種輕松、和諧的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,喜歡那種接近生活的教學(xué)活動(dòng)。在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中,學(xué)生是主體,是教學(xué)活動(dòng)的重心,只有尊重學(xué)生,建立民主、平等的師生關(guān)系,多給學(xué)生思維的主動(dòng)權(quán)和自主發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的機(jī)會(huì),才能真正落實(shí)學(xué)生的主體地位,使學(xué)生勤奮思考,積極與教師交流,主動(dòng)去發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、攝取知識(shí)。因此,教師不僅要吃透大綱、教材,把握重難點(diǎn),還要建立友好的師生關(guān)系和寬松、民主、和諧的課堂教學(xué)氣氛,因?yàn)檫@是互動(dòng)教學(xué)的前提條件。
2.要重視師生間積極充分的情感交流
“親其師,信其道”,師生間的情感交流以及由此產(chǎn)生的心理氛圍是促進(jìn)師生積極互動(dòng)的必要條件。教師把對(duì)學(xué)生的愛(ài)化作一個(gè)溫柔的眼神、一個(gè)會(huì)意的微笑、一句暖心的話語(yǔ),會(huì)使學(xué)生感到教師的關(guān)心、賞識(shí),讓學(xué)生在心理上產(chǎn)生一種說(shuō)不出的愉悅和滿足,促進(jìn)他們積極上進(jìn),激發(fā)他們的求知欲,增添他們的勇氣,鼓起他們的自信。反之,如果師生之間的關(guān)系緊張,學(xué)生就會(huì)由厭惡老師進(jìn)而厭惡學(xué)習(xí),即使難度不大或者很有趣的教育內(nèi)容,也不能引起他們的興趣。因此,重視師生間積極充分的情感交流顯得非常必要。
3.在互動(dòng)中保持對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都有充分的關(guān)注
每一堂課都有每一堂課的教學(xué)任務(wù),目標(biāo)要求。教師要隨著教學(xué)內(nèi)容的變化,教學(xué)對(duì)象的變化,靈活應(yīng)用教學(xué)方法。根據(jù)本班學(xué)生情況運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)方法進(jìn)行教學(xué),使學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)有興趣,易于接受。
教學(xué)方法是形成最佳課堂氣氛的重要保證。教學(xué)有法,但教無(wú)定法。教師要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)目的、教學(xué)對(duì)象和實(shí)際條件,以及個(gè)人的教學(xué)風(fēng)格和特長(zhǎng),確定不同的教學(xué)方法,一法為主,多法配合,靈活運(yùn)用各種手段,最大程度地發(fā)揮課堂上每一分鐘的作用。在處理知識(shí)與技能的關(guān)系上,對(duì)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、關(guān)鍵性的知識(shí),要精講多練,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生拓寬思路,廣開(kāi)言路,使課堂氣氛既熱烈又嚴(yán)肅,讓學(xué)生在愉快的氣氛中,既掌握知識(shí),又發(fā)展語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。在處理新舊知識(shí)上,要善于利用已學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)來(lái)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)和新技能,同時(shí)要善于在學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的同時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),使新舊知識(shí)相互滲透,形成整體。另外,還要利用直觀教具或電化手段來(lái)輔助教學(xué),調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的多種感官同時(shí)運(yùn)用,強(qiáng)化對(duì)所學(xué)材料的感知,以提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,加深理解,強(qiáng)化記憶,取得理想的教學(xué)效果。對(duì)于聽(tīng)力部分,采用激勵(lì)機(jī)制。在教學(xué)中,要重視學(xué)生的情感、興趣、注意力、意志等非智力因素。教師可以將班級(jí)分組,以組為單位,對(duì)每個(gè)小組建立聽(tīng)力檔案,組長(zhǎng)記錄學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力水平及所取得的進(jìn)步,每個(gè)月公布一次,以激勵(lì)學(xué)生做得更好??谡Z(yǔ)方面,每次挑選兩到三個(gè)小組代表發(fā)言,使學(xué)生養(yǎng)成小組代表發(fā)言臺(tái)前、臺(tái)后掌聲鼓勵(lì)的習(xí)慣。
巧設(shè)教學(xué)活動(dòng),精心設(shè)計(jì)每一項(xiàng)任務(wù)是提高課堂教學(xué)實(shí)效的保障。教師既要考慮到教學(xué)活動(dòng)的趣味性,又要考慮到實(shí)效性。
教學(xué)活動(dòng)要根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容和教學(xué)目標(biāo)來(lái)制定,遵循教學(xué)規(guī)律,本著從易到難、從簡(jiǎn)到繁、難易漸進(jìn)、變化激趣的原則,使設(shè)置的活動(dòng)目標(biāo)明確,形式多樣,形成梯度。這樣才能確保每一項(xiàng)教學(xué)活動(dòng)都落到實(shí)處,不流于形式。
保持對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都有充分的關(guān)注是非常必要的。教師在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中不僅要在注重那些思維活躍、性格外向的學(xué)生或?qū)W習(xí)成績(jī)較好的學(xué)生,而且對(duì)于那些性格內(nèi)向的學(xué)生或?qū)W習(xí)后進(jìn)生也要保持足夠的關(guān)注,多給他們具體的指導(dǎo)和幫助。課堂上 給他們開(kāi)口的機(jī)會(huì),提高他們說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的勇氣。對(duì)因心理障礙造成口語(yǔ)表達(dá)較差的學(xué)生,可以適當(dāng)降低要求,讓他們從簡(jiǎn)單的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)起,有易到難;對(duì)他們的點(diǎn)滴進(jìn)步應(yīng)及時(shí)肯定和表?yè)P(yáng),使他們獲得成就感,產(chǎn)生上進(jìn)的動(dòng)力。
4.教師角色的轉(zhuǎn)變
英語(yǔ)互動(dòng)學(xué)是一種以“教師為中心”的教學(xué)模式轉(zhuǎn)向以“學(xué)生為中心”的教學(xué)模式,把教學(xué)重點(diǎn)從“教”轉(zhuǎn)為“輔”,即我教你學(xué),轉(zhuǎn)到你學(xué)我輔。它還要求每一位教師要很好的去研究學(xué)生,研究學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)心理。只有對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)心理有了正確的認(rèn)識(shí),才能把互動(dòng)教學(xué)搞好,把課堂學(xué)習(xí)變成學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的樂(lè)園,使學(xué)生想學(xué)、樂(lè)學(xué)、愛(ài)學(xué),從而達(dá)到在“玩中學(xué)”和“學(xué)中用”的目的。
總之,構(gòu)建高效有序的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂,是符合當(dāng)代教育發(fā)展的一種英語(yǔ)教學(xué)理念,建立“以人為本”的觀念,通過(guò)師生的共同合作,讓英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂煥發(fā)出生命的活力,使師生共同成長(zhǎng),共同學(xué)習(xí),收獲更多的知識(shí)!
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]劉麗英 鄒曉玲 高校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)改革探析 [J].實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)與技術(shù),2006(5):57-60.[2] 盧佳 教師如何與時(shí)俱進(jìn)——英語(yǔ)課改心得 [J].教育教學(xué)論壇,2011(9):96-97.[3]李茹娥推動(dòng)課改著力打造初中英語(yǔ)高效課堂[ J].英語(yǔ)廣場(chǎng)(學(xué)術(shù)研究),2012(1):138-139.[4] 李海霞 英語(yǔ)課改中存在的教師問(wèn)題及對(duì)策 [J].教育實(shí)踐與研究(B),2012(9):17-18.
第四篇:中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂的正能量
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂“正能量”運(yùn)用
上海市大團(tuán)中學(xué)徐燕
摘要:身正為范,學(xué)高為師,老師的言行舉止在潛移默化中對(duì)學(xué)生產(chǎn)生極為深遠(yuǎn)的影響,大到世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀的形成,小到學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣、學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的養(yǎng)成。英語(yǔ)教學(xué)是一門(mén)帶有濃厚情感的學(xué)科,學(xué)生的情感因素是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)成功的內(nèi)驅(qū)力,只有調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生積極的情感因素,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情,才能提高中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的效果。初中階段的學(xué)生們正處于“被塑造”的最佳時(shí)期,中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂的正能量會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效率產(chǎn)生重要影響。關(guān)鍵詞:中學(xué)英語(yǔ);正能量;教師 一. 什么是正能量
什么是正能量?科學(xué)的解釋是:以真空能量為零,能量大于真空的物質(zhì)為正,能量小于真空的物質(zhì)為負(fù)。而世界心理學(xué)大師理查德,懷斯曼認(rèn)為:正能量指的是一切予人向上和希望,促使人不斷追求,讓生活變得圓滿幸福的動(dòng)力和感情。二.正能量在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
《中國(guó)青年報(bào)》曾報(bào)道:約有58%的教師自己感到壓力過(guò)大,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)焦慮、強(qiáng)迫癥狀等問(wèn)題。30%的教師會(huì)因焦慮或情緒低落而上課沒(méi)精神;18%的教師承認(rèn)會(huì)將煩惱而遷怒于學(xué)生,還有14%的教師會(huì)因?yàn)樯险n氣氛達(dá)不到自己的要求朝學(xué)生發(fā)火。美國(guó)著名哲學(xué)家,心理學(xué)家威廉,詹姆斯的理論認(rèn)為:情緒與行為之間是互相影響的,正如正能量和負(fù)能量也會(huì)相互轉(zhuǎn)化一樣。英國(guó)心理學(xué)家安排的一項(xiàng)涉及萬(wàn)人次的大規(guī)模研究發(fā)現(xiàn):正能量是可以傳播的,人們會(huì)感染周?chē)说那榫w。一堂英語(yǔ)課的好壞要受到教師情緒的影響,倘若失去良好的課堂情緒,課堂就失去其精神內(nèi)涵。英語(yǔ)教師的情緒與課堂的良好教學(xué)效果息息相關(guān)。英語(yǔ)教師正能量對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)效果起到積極作用,反之,則起到消極作用。
學(xué)生個(gè)體良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成、學(xué)習(xí)效率的提高,不僅來(lái)自于學(xué)生的“溫故知新”,更來(lái)自于教師的“言傳身教”以及對(duì)“言傳身教”的感同身受。在英語(yǔ)課堂上,教師如何身的正能量去感染學(xué)生,鼓勵(lì)激發(fā)并不斷強(qiáng)化學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,引導(dǎo)他們逐漸將興趣轉(zhuǎn)化為穩(wěn)定的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)本人做了以下的嘗試。三,教學(xué)理念,教學(xué)態(tài)度的“正能量”
在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式下,學(xué)生一直處于被動(dòng)的接受知識(shí)的局面,以“老師”和“教材”為中心,學(xué)生們不敢提出質(zhì)疑,迷信權(quán)威,只是“機(jī)械式”的死記硬背。來(lái)到初中之后,詞匯量和英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難度有了極大的提高,如果只是單純的依靠死記硬背的話,完全不能滿足英語(yǔ)學(xué)校的需要。因此,在教學(xué)中,我們應(yīng)該積極樹(shù)立全面的新課程改革的教學(xué)觀念,積極的采取有效的措施。一方面,應(yīng)該積極發(fā)揮學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)主體的地位和作用。真正的把教學(xué)的主動(dòng)權(quán)還給學(xué)生們,讓學(xué)生們真正的參與到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中來(lái),在激發(fā)其學(xué)習(xí)積極性的同時(shí),鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們獨(dú)立的學(xué)習(xí)、自主的學(xué)習(xí)和探究性的學(xué)習(xí),通過(guò)自己的探索和努力,不斷體驗(yàn)到英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的快樂(lè)。另一方面,老師還應(yīng)該建立與學(xué)生之間新型的民主關(guān)系,老師是教學(xué)過(guò)程中的主導(dǎo),學(xué)生是教學(xué)過(guò)程中的主體,兩者之間是互相幫助、互相促進(jìn)的關(guān)系,因此,老師要努力的爭(zhēng)做學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的幫助者、合作者和指導(dǎo)者,建立與學(xué)生之前的友好關(guān)系,用自己的人格魅力吸引學(xué)生,激發(fā)學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣。
四,教學(xué)方式的“正能量”
現(xiàn)階段的中學(xué)生,處于青春發(fā)育的旺盛時(shí)期,他們喜歡新奇的、未知的事情,對(duì)于“外面”的世界有著極大的興趣,不喜歡一成不變的東西。針對(duì)中學(xué)生的這一身心發(fā)展特點(diǎn),我們就應(yīng)該采用多種方式的教學(xué)手段,不斷的激發(fā)學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性和積極性。新課程改革也明確指出,在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們自主學(xué)習(xí),合作學(xué)習(xí)和探究學(xué)習(xí)。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,應(yīng)該結(jié)合具體的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,靈活的選擇教學(xué)方法。比如說(shuō),在學(xué)習(xí)七年級(jí)unit9中international food festival這一節(jié)課中,完全可以采用小組合作的教學(xué)方法:將學(xué)生們分成不同的小組,小組之間進(jìn)行模擬活動(dòng)的展開(kāi),學(xué)生們輪流扮演售貨員和顧客,通過(guò)角色扮演的合作學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生們的熱情和積極性瞬間提高,很快就熟練掌握了基本句型how much…以及can I help you ,I want…等的使用。這種真實(shí)情景,模擬生活的教學(xué)方式不僅提高了學(xué)生們的積極性,而且鍛煉了學(xué)生們的口語(yǔ)交際能力。因此,要想提高教學(xué)的有效性,必須依照學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)水平和教材的知識(shí)規(guī)律,積極采用多種形式的教學(xué)方法,促進(jìn)教學(xué)效率的不斷提升。五,教學(xué)過(guò)程中的“正能量”
找出學(xué)生的興奮點(diǎn),挖掘出能在課堂上與學(xué)生進(jìn)行交流的語(yǔ)言素材,這些素材最好是與人們?nèi)粘I蠲芮邢嚓P(guān)而且學(xué)生感興趣的材料,學(xué)生在討論時(shí)有話可談。其次要根據(jù)這些素材設(shè)計(jì)交際情境。使堂課在緊湊、輕松的氛圍中完成了預(yù)期的教學(xué)任務(wù),讓教師學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)正能量得以釋放。
我在教授7A Module 2 Unit 7“Signs around us”時(shí),在課堂教學(xué)中充分體現(xiàn)了“創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,激發(fā)興趣,促進(jìn)合作”這一原則。在課文引入部分,我先讓學(xué)生們觀看了一組學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的圖片,學(xué)生自然而然明白本節(jié)課的主題:Signs(標(biāo)志)。緊接著讓學(xué)生欣賞了一段兩分鐘的視頻,欣賞之前先提醒學(xué)生:Pay attention to what you will see?帶著任務(wù)去欣賞,同時(shí)然學(xué)生愉快且一目了然的區(qū)分圖片與標(biāo)志的不同。
在Pre-task這一環(huán)節(jié)中,我給學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)了預(yù)備年級(jí)學(xué)過(guò)的signs和rules的不同定義,告訴學(xué)生了解標(biāo)志和規(guī)則的重要性。然后在屏幕上展示了六幅預(yù)備年級(jí)學(xué)過(guò)的交通標(biāo)志,達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)鞏固的目的,然后讓學(xué)生做了一個(gè)competition在激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣的同時(shí)達(dá)到訓(xùn)練:S1: What does the sign mean?/S2: It means you must … /you mustn’t…/you can…的目的。
在While-task階段,我緊緊抓住文本中的四個(gè)關(guān)鍵單詞開(kāi)展教學(xué),通過(guò)Look and read,Match and learn等環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生熟悉文本,通過(guò)課文的朗讀,鞏固四個(gè)單詞的正確發(fā)音,了解標(biāo)志的含義。因此,我在黑板上寫(xiě)下了這些板書(shū),使學(xué)生加深印象,為接下來(lái)的教學(xué)任務(wù)做好準(zhǔn)備。
adirection sign: how and where to go an information sign: what we want to know a warning sign: what we must not do an instruction sign: how to do sth.然后,通過(guò)圖片和pairs work的形式讓學(xué)生練習(xí)對(duì)話并且表演。在分角色的近乎演繹真實(shí)情景中達(dá)到鞏固句型的目的:
A: What does this sign mean? B: It means: you must /mustn’t ….A: Where can we see this sign? B: In a swimming pool/ In a park /On the road /In the shop/… A: What kind of sign is this? B: It is a(an)instruction/ direction / warning/ information sign.在Post-task階段,我對(duì)整堂課進(jìn)行了有機(jī)的整合,我設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)教學(xué)任務(wù)。讓學(xué)生們?yōu)槲覀兊慕淌易鲆粋€(gè)design并且完成一個(gè)short passage.先讓每組的group leader抽簽,如果抽到warning,該組就當(dāng)堂設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)于warning的標(biāo)志,抽簽之后,學(xué)生興奮不已,為設(shè)計(jì)獨(dú)特的標(biāo)志苦思冥想,呈現(xiàn)出許多有亮點(diǎn)和新意的作品有:圖書(shū)的標(biāo)志——多讀書(shū);幾滴水——提醒接純凈水時(shí)要節(jié)約;追趕的兩人——不要在教室里追逐等,作品富有生活情趣化。學(xué)生踴躍的要求在多媒體展示自己的design和passage.通過(guò)這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)不僅讓學(xué)生不知不覺(jué)的完成了他們最頭疼最畏懼的作文寫(xiě)作,也讓學(xué)生潛移默化的進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)心靈的情感教育,即改掉平時(shí)班級(jí)同學(xué)的壞習(xí)慣。
在學(xué)生回答的同時(shí),要予以回應(yīng)。比如:I agree with you.I like your idea.僅僅一句簡(jiǎn)單的贊同會(huì)讓學(xué)生心花怒放。在提問(wèn)過(guò)程中老師要允許學(xué)生出錯(cuò),寬容學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤。不能動(dòng)不動(dòng)生氣發(fā)脾氣,盡可能營(yíng)造一個(gè)和諧的氛圍。如果老師總是打斷學(xué)生講話來(lái)糾正學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言或語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤,那么這種幫助只能增加學(xué)生說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的精神負(fù)擔(dān)和壓力。教師應(yīng)在課前準(zhǔn)確指導(dǎo),課后適當(dāng)糾正,或者讓學(xué)生在運(yùn)用中逐步糾正。在美國(guó)有很多文盲,可是他們能自由運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行表達(dá)溝通。所以我們要改變過(guò)去英語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性,忽視了流利性,導(dǎo)致學(xué)生自尊心受挫,不敢開(kāi)口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的弊端。
六,評(píng)價(jià)方式的正能量
學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力之一就是“興趣”,同時(shí),興趣也是孩子們學(xué)習(xí)的好老師?!缎抡n程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確指出,初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)最終目的是激發(fā)學(xué)生們的積極性與興趣。初中生自我意識(shí)強(qiáng)烈、探索欲旺盛。在教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)中,要遵循積極、正能量的評(píng)價(jià)方式。用發(fā)展的眼光對(duì)待學(xué)生,尋找每位學(xué)生的閃光點(diǎn),及時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)步給予肯定的評(píng)價(jià),學(xué)生真正體驗(yàn)到學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的快樂(lè)與成就感,進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。同時(shí)多一些多樣化鼓勵(lì)性的話語(yǔ),例如:good, well down, right, perfect, a good job, smart boy 等等,讓學(xué)生覺(jué)得老師對(duì)自己的贊美是獨(dú)一無(wú)二和真心的。少一些絕對(duì)性的批評(píng),哪怕有些表達(dá)不正確,也不要直接說(shuō)wrong,可以選擇一些中性的回答maybe, that’s a good idea 等。對(duì)于他們的錯(cuò)誤可以迂回的指出糾正。積極采用課堂內(nèi)、課堂外評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合,老師評(píng)價(jià)與學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合,過(guò)程性評(píng)價(jià)與結(jié)果性評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合等方式,通過(guò)激勵(lì)性的評(píng)價(jià),指導(dǎo)學(xué)生們良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣與學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的養(yǎng)成。讓學(xué)生站在客觀的角度對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)方法薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、作業(yè)完成情況等多個(gè)方面進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。讓學(xué)生全面、準(zhǔn)確的了解自己,樹(shù)立學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的自信心。結(jié)語(yǔ):
綜上所述,本文圍繞著初中生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律、發(fā)展特點(diǎn)以及新課標(biāo)的要求,從四個(gè)方面:教學(xué)理念、教學(xué)態(tài)度的“正能量”、教學(xué)方式的“正能量”、教學(xué)過(guò)程的“正能量”、評(píng)價(jià)方式的正能量,詳細(xì)論述了中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂的正能量對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效率的影響。參考文獻(xiàn):
[1].晏迎新,楊海英,“以學(xué)生為中心”教學(xué)模式在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的實(shí)踐與探索[J].華章,2011(24)
[2].李劍偉,論將動(dòng)畫(huà)片融于英語(yǔ)教學(xué),改變傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式[J].學(xué)周刊,2011(04)[3].董維維,論視唱練耳教學(xué)中的“聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)”與形象記憶 [J].大觀周刊,2011(19)[4].理查德.懷特曼 《正能量》 [5].《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》
第五篇:中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂用語(yǔ)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)講座
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師課堂用語(yǔ)專(zhuān)場(chǎng)講座 上篇:課堂用語(yǔ)的使用誤區(qū)
1.交際法教學(xué)的核心
口語(yǔ)是基本的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)形式。語(yǔ)言教學(xué)的中心任務(wù)就是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)讀獲得信息,通過(guò)說(shuō)、寫(xiě)表情達(dá)意、交流信息。而交際法教學(xué)為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一任務(wù)提供了可能。交際法教學(xué)的核心思想是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的交際能力,即培養(yǎng)學(xué)生在實(shí)際生活中運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。這一核心思想在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中具體體現(xiàn)為重視語(yǔ)言的使用,如何恰當(dāng)、得體地使用課堂用語(yǔ),對(duì)學(xué)生交際能力的培養(yǎng)有著十分重要的作用。
2. 課堂用語(yǔ)的使用
首先,教師在使用課堂用語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)充分考慮到學(xué)生的生理、心理及英語(yǔ)能力的特點(diǎn),使用語(yǔ)言應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)單易懂。要達(dá)到交際的目的,教師首先要將信息傳遞給受話者,而不在于語(yǔ)言是多么華麗。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的掌握較易,而語(yǔ)言的活用則難。啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí),針對(duì)不同年齡的學(xué)生,我們應(yīng)采用不同的課堂用語(yǔ)。其次,教師在使用課堂用語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)注意設(shè)置情景,使用副語(yǔ)言課堂用語(yǔ),盡量避免使用漢語(yǔ)。這些非語(yǔ)言課堂用語(yǔ)的使用,為教學(xué)提供了各種情景和真實(shí)的交際場(chǎng)面,有利于創(chuàng)造英語(yǔ)環(huán)境,促使學(xué)生真接用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維,增加學(xué)生使用英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。第三,在不同場(chǎng)合,教師應(yīng)選用不同的課堂用語(yǔ)。教師的課堂用語(yǔ)親切幽默能使學(xué)生精神放松、熱情高昂,課堂氣氛也隨之融洽。在使用課堂用語(yǔ)時(shí),教師應(yīng)特別注意口氣要婉轉(zhuǎn),以創(chuàng)設(shè)輕松和諧的氣氛,消除或減少學(xué)生的緊張情緒。在課堂交流時(shí),教師應(yīng)避免對(duì)學(xué)生挖苦諷刺,尤其對(duì)那些靦腆內(nèi)向型的學(xué)生,當(dāng)學(xué)生不會(huì)回答或答錯(cuò)了的時(shí)候,教師應(yīng)馬上講一些鼓勵(lì)的話語(yǔ)或簡(jiǎn)單的方式再問(wèn)同一問(wèn)題。老師使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼n堂用語(yǔ),可以擺脫一些尷尬冷場(chǎng)的局面,使學(xué)生重新找回了自信,增強(qiáng)了學(xué)習(xí)的信心。
3.英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂用語(yǔ)的誤區(qū)
教師上課以英語(yǔ)作為與學(xué)生交流的主要語(yǔ)言工具,這就為學(xué)生營(yíng)造了一個(gè)學(xué)用結(jié)合的現(xiàn)實(shí)語(yǔ)言氛圍,有利于鍛煉和提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言交際能力。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō),英語(yǔ)教師的課堂用語(yǔ)會(huì)直接成為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的典范。準(zhǔn)確、流暢、符合英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化習(xí)慣,這是對(duì)教師課堂用語(yǔ)的最基本要求。英語(yǔ)教師要使用正確恰當(dāng)?shù)恼n堂用語(yǔ),必須努力走出以下幾個(gè)誤區(qū): 誤區(qū)之一———貶義詞的使用過(guò)于隨意。隨意使用foolish, stupid, stubborn,idiot等貶義詞容易刺傷學(xué)生的自尊心,使學(xué)生對(duì)教師產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒,大大降低了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和進(jìn)取心。
誤區(qū)之二———否定詞的使用簡(jiǎn)單生硬。英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)的雙邊活動(dòng)較多,教師應(yīng)有科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確的判斷,但使用否定詞時(shí)不宜過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單生硬。
誤區(qū)之三———概括詞的使用以偏概全。有的教師發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生經(jīng)常遲到,就說(shuō)“You are always late.”;發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤多,就評(píng)論說(shuō)“You are always careless.”這樣的概括用語(yǔ)過(guò)于肯定、以偏概全。
誤區(qū)之四———夸大詞的使用名不符實(shí)。在英語(yǔ)課堂上應(yīng)盡可能少用夸大詞,教師用語(yǔ)應(yīng)體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、精當(dāng)?shù)囊?。特別是一些夸大的否定往往會(huì)起到不好的作用。
誤區(qū)之五———命令詞的使用事與愿違。課堂教學(xué)中教師的主導(dǎo)作用并不等同于要扮演發(fā)號(hào)施令者,相反,命令口氣詞語(yǔ)的過(guò)多使用會(huì)帶給學(xué)生一種教師居高臨下、粗暴專(zhuān)斷、不可冒犯的感覺(jué)。
作為一名英語(yǔ)教師,如何才能走出這些誤區(qū)呢?
首先,要樹(shù)立師生平等互尊的觀念。其次,英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂用語(yǔ)應(yīng)遵循“以表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì)為主”的原則,精心呵護(hù)學(xué)生的自尊與自信。第三,教師課堂用語(yǔ)要字斟句酌,力求精確妥當(dāng)。
中篇:課堂用語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤 / 易混淆的用法
1. 課前的熱身練習(xí)應(yīng)稱(chēng)為warm-up,而不是Warming-up,例如a warming-up of the weather.(天氣變暖。)
2. “今天的作業(yè)是什么?”地道的英文表達(dá)為:What are today’s assignments?
3. Revise for the examination.(溫書(shū)迎考。)注意這里的revise是不及物動(dòng)詞?!皬?fù)習(xí)當(dāng)天的功課”可譯為 “Review the day’s lessons.”
4. A drill in spelling 表示“拼寫(xiě)練習(xí)”,注意drill的使用。再如:substitution drill(替詞練習(xí)),sentence pattern drill(句型操練)。
5. Out of question 毫無(wú)問(wèn)題Out of the question 不可能
6. Take the chair 主持會(huì)議take a chair 坐下(Please sit down!只能用在命令淘氣的小孩坐下)
7. A hundred and one 許許多多One hundred and one 一百零一
8. She was with a child 她帶著一個(gè)小孩。She was with child 他懷孕了。
9. They are students of our school 他們是本校的部分學(xué)生。They are the students of our school 他們是本校的全體學(xué)生。
10. I have lived here for more than a year我在這里已一年多了。(一年又幾個(gè)月)I have lived here for more than one year我在這里已不止一年了。(可能是兩年或三年)
11. Teacher 不能用于稱(chēng)呼。在中小學(xué)稱(chēng)呼老師一般用Mr.××/ Miss ××/Ms××等。稱(chēng)呼大學(xué)老師一般用Professor××。
12. 在回答 “Would you like to watch a football match?”時(shí),應(yīng)先作肯定回答,然后委婉謝絕:I’d love to, but I’m busy at the moment.13. 比較地道的問(wèn)候與回答:Good morning, Miss Chen.How are you?//Very well, thank you, Mr.Lin, and how are you?//I’m very well, too, thank you.14. 放學(xué)后,老師對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō):Can I come to your house tomorrow? 注意用come 而不用go。
15. 老師表?yè)P(yáng)學(xué)生:Your English is very good.學(xué)生的回答應(yīng)該是:Thank you, I’m glad you think so.16. 在教師節(jié)時(shí),學(xué)生送給老師一束花。老師說(shuō):Thank you.It’s beautiful.學(xué)生的反應(yīng)是:I’m glad you like it.17. The followings are some of the main ones to respond to thanks:
(1)You’re welcome.(最常用的表達(dá)法)
(2)Not at all.(英國(guó)英語(yǔ))
(3)Don’t mention it.(英國(guó)英語(yǔ))
(4)It’s a/my pleasure.(serve as response to “thank you”for a job well done.)
(5)I’m glad to be of help.(serve as response to “thank you”for a job well done.)
(6)That’s all right.(非正式場(chǎng)合使用)
(7)That’s OK.(非正式場(chǎng)合使用)
18. 學(xué)生A不小心撞到學(xué)生B,學(xué)生A說(shuō):I’m terribly sorry.學(xué)生B的回答應(yīng)該是:That’s all right.19. 學(xué)生A說(shuō):Well, what did you think of his writing.?
學(xué)生B:Oh, I thought it is great.Didn’t you think so, Peter?
學(xué)生C(Peter認(rèn)為他寫(xiě)得不好):Yes, in a way.But I’ve seen better.20. 問(wèn):Excuse me, do you know how to answer this question, please?
答:Sorry, I’ve no ideas.21. 問(wèn):Do you mind passing this book to me?
答:No, not at all.22. 給人帶路時(shí)應(yīng)說(shuō):This way, please.下篇:課堂教學(xué)用語(yǔ)舉例
l.上課(Beginning a class)
(1)Let's start now./Let's begin our class/lesson.(2)Stand up, please.(3)Sit down, please.)
2.問(wèn)候(Greeting)
(4)Hello, boys and girls/children.(5)Good morning, class everyone /everybody /children/boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon, class /everyone /everybody /children /boys and girls.(7)How are you today?
3.考勤(Checking attendance)
(8)Who's on duty today?/Who's helping this morning/today?
(9)Is everyone/everybody here/present?
(10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away?
(11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent?
(12)Who's absent?/Who's away?
(13)Where is he/she?
(14)Try to be on time./Don't be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat, please.(16)What day is it today?
(17)What's the date today?
(18)What's the weather like today?
(19)What's it like outside?
4.宣布(Announcing)
(20)Let's start working./Let's begin/start a new lesson./Let's begin/start our lesson.(21)First, let's review/do some review.(22)What did we learn in the last lesson?
(23)Who can tell/remember what we did in the last lesson/yesterday?
(24)Now we're going to do something new/ different./Now let's learn something new.(25)We have some new words/sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)
(26)Ready?/Are you ready?
(27)Did you get there?/Do you understand?
(28)Is that dear?
(29)Any volunteers?
(30)Do you know what to do?
(31)Be quiet, please./Quiet, please.(32)Listen, please.(33)Listen carefully, please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.(35)Look carefully, please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are your watching?
(39)Please look at the blackboard/picture/map...(40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.6.課堂活動(dòng)(Classroom activities)
(41)Start!/Start now.(42)Everybody together./All together.(43)Practice in a group./Practice in groups./In groups, please.(44)Get into groups of three/four.(45)Everybody find a partner/friend.(46)In pairs, please.(47)One at a time./Let's do it one by one.(48)Now you, please./Your turn(Student's name).(49)Next, please.Now you do the same, please.(50)Let's act./Let's act out/do the dialogue.(51)Who wants to be A?
(52)Practice the dialogue, please.(53)Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B.(54)Please take(play)the part of...(55)Whose turn is it?
(56)It's your turn.(57)Wait your turn, please.(58)Stand in line./Line up.(59)One by one./One at a time, please.(60)In twos./In pairs.(61)Don't speak out.(62)Turn around.7.請(qǐng)求(Request)
(63)Could you please try it again?
(64)Could you please try the next one?
(65)Will you please help me?
8.鼓勵(lì)(Encouraging)
(66)Can you try?
(67)Try, please.(68)Try your best./Do your best.(69)Think it over and try again.(70)Don't be afraid/shy.9.指令(Issuing a command)
(71)Say/Read after me, please.(72)Follow me, please.(73)Do what I do.(74)Repeat, please./Repeat after me.(75)Once more, please./One more time, please.(76)Come here, please.(77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Come and write it on the blackboard.(79)Please go back to your seat.(80)In English, please.(81)Put your hand up, please.Raise your hand, please.(82)Put your hands down, please./Hands down, please.(83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English.(84)Please take out your books.(85)Please open your books at page...?/Find page.../Turn to page...(86)Please answer the question/questions./Please answer my question(s).(87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please read out letter/word/sentence.(88)Please stop now./Stop now, please./Stop here, please.(89)Clean up your desk/the classroom, please.(90)It's clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom.(91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps.(92)Clean the blackboard.(93)Plug in the tape-recorder, please.(94)Put the tape-recorder away.(95)Put the tape in its box/cassette.(96)Listen and repeat.(97)Look and listen.(98)Repeat after me.(99)Follow the words.(100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick, please.this
(101)Hurry!/Hurry up, please.(102)Slow down, please.(103)Slowly.(104)Bring me some chalk, please.10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning)
(105)Stop talking./Stop talking now, please.(106)Don't talk./Everybody quiet, please.(107)Don't be silly.(108)Settle down.1l.評(píng)價(jià)
(109)Good, thank you.(110)Good!/Very good./Good job./Good work./Good example.(111)A good answer./Nice work.(112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you...(113)That's interesting!
(114)Don't worry about it./No problem.(115)OK!/That's OK.(116)I don't think so.(117)That's not quite right, any other answers?/That's close./That's almost right.(118)Not quite, can anyone help him/her?/Try again.(119)A good try.12.布置作業(yè)(Setting homework)
(120)For today's homework...(121)Practice after class./Practice at home.(122)Say it out loud, before you write it down.(123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice.(124)Remember/Memorize these words/sentences.(125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.(126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work.13.下課(Dismissing the class)
(127)Hand in your workbooks, please.(128)Time is up.(129)The bell is ringing.(130)There's the bell.(131)There goes the bell.(132)Let's stop here.(133)That's all for today.(134)Class is over.(135)Goodbye./Bye./See you next time.