第一篇：英美文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史

新詞

Chapter 1 the making of England

第一頁

Primitive原始社會(huì)的Clustering 叢 團(tuán)

Hut茅草屋

Vitality生命力

Invade侵入

Occupy占有

Chieftain首領(lǐng)

Subjugate征服

Refinement改良

Christianity基督教christian 基督教的 第二頁

Swarm大群人

Pirate海盜

Dialect方言

Kinship王權(quán)

Compose1寫、創(chuàng)作（樂曲、歌劇等）2組成Booty戰(zhàn)利品

Amusement娛樂

Democracy民主

Incompatible合不來的Gemtile非猶太的Territory領(lǐng)土

Feudalism封建制

Heathen不信教的、異教徒

第三頁

Monastery修道院

Monk修士、僧侶

Chapter2

Relic遺風(fēng)

Preserve保護(hù)

Minstrel（中世紀(jì)）游方詩(shī)歌演唱者 Fragmentv、n 碎片 片段

Devour吞食

Grapple（with）扭?。▽?duì)手）扭打格斗 Avail（against sb）抵擋

Combat格斗 搏斗 戰(zhàn)斗

Retreat撤退 退卻

Rejoice高興

Avenge伸冤

Counseller顧問

Plunge猛進(jìn)入38個(gè)單詞1

第四頁

Trophy獎(jiǎng)品 戰(zhàn)利品

Den穴

Belche噴（火）forth its fire

Bid說=say

Envelope包圍 包住

Impenetrable不可穿越的forest

Marsh沼澤

Superstitious迷信的Marvellous

第五頁

Alliteration

Consonant

Metaphor

Attendant

Condemn

Tinge

Permanent

Chapter3

viking

plunder

prose

第六頁

confescate

bestow

patch

baron

vassal

oath

secure

property

manifestation

supremacy

chronicle

prominent

dominent

intermingle

tend

bishop

archbishop

abbot

toil

第七頁

sustain奇妙的 頭韻 輔音 隱喻 侍者 責(zé)備 淡的色調(diào)或痕跡a tinge of 永久的 北歐海盜掠奪散文沒收贈(zèng)與小塊土地男爵封臣誓言保護(hù)資產(chǎn)顯示至高無上編年史的 突出的最突出的、占支配地位的混合照管主教大主教 男修道院長(zhǎng)辛苦工作 支撐41個(gè)單詞

2courageous勇敢的heretics犯異端罪的人perish毀滅

plague瘟疫

poll-tax人頭稅

impose對(duì)（）課稅

pauperize貧窮

slogan口號(hào) 格言】

sermon講道

bondage

velvet

stuff

ornament

ermine

spices

rye

manor

pomp

sovereign

第八頁

remonstate

oppressor

treacherously

apeal

prevail

verse

tournament

code

moral

chivalry

apprenticeship

solemn

cycle

第九頁

rim

culmination

collapse

patronize

charge

fabricate

illicit

convert

第十頁

Masterpiece奴役天鵝絨布料 裝飾 貂皮 貂香料黑麥莊園浮華最高統(tǒng)治者抗議。報(bào)復(fù)受壓迫的背叛的 不忠的懇求 呼吁流行的詩(shī)體比賽、武士騎馬比賽密碼。道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)道德的騎士精神學(xué)徒身份1表情嚴(yán)肅的2莊重的3隆重的正式的1循環(huán)周期2系列（如組歌或組詩(shī)）邊緣結(jié)局 結(jié)果倒塌贊助 支持控告編造不正當(dāng)?shù)母淖冃问交蛴猛久?杰作41單詞

3Vivid鮮明的Amuse是某人消遣 第十一頁

Chapter4

Amid在（）當(dāng)中 Barren貧瘠的 Scanty不足的 Industriously勤勞的 Plough耕田 Idler

Exposure

Parasite

Deacon

Preach

Flock

Leap

Clerk

Despoil

Cardinal

Virtues

Friar

Hermit

Altar

Roamer

Manor

Hood

Plead

Mete

Mist

Mutter

Aught=anything

Sum up

Confer

Sternly

Counsel

無工作（的人）暴漏揭露寄生物、靠他人生存的人會(huì)吏、助祭布道儀仗隊(duì)1跳躍2沖。竄 1文書、辦事員2（議會(huì)法院等）書記員、秘書4教士牧師掠奪sth 紅衣主教 1美德2.（女子）貞操 托缽修士 隱士、隱居修道士祭桌 慢步行走的人領(lǐng)地 風(fēng)帽 提出（理由或借口）給與（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）霧氣 咕噥（某事）、低語聲 形成對(duì)（）的看法 1（with sb）（on/about sth）討論、探討、商談、請(qǐng)教2sth（on sb）授予某人（學(xué)位或頭銜）嚴(yán)厲的 建議

第二篇：英美文學(xué)

A summery of first two lessons

From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:

The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.

第三篇：英美文學(xué)

severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils

of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love

Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists

Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)

?One of the “University wits”

?The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare

?His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)

Doctor Faustus(1604)

Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:

----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);

---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)

---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)

?Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus

Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;

Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for

power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.?Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:

The fall of Adam and Eve

William Shakespeare

He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)

---Comedies in the four periods

---Tragedies in the four periods

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:

---Othello: a capable general in Venice

---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl

---Iago: one of the officers under Othello

Reasons for the tragedy:

jealousy

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:

---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch

---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband

---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth

Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:

---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters

---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him

---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most

Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment

Hamlet

Leading characters:

?Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark

?King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost

?Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King

?Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark.? Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier

?Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son

Hamlet

Act 1:

Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of

horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:

To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:

The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:

The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:

With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.

第四篇：英美文學(xué)。

一、殖民主義時(shí)期The Literature of Colonial America

1．船長(zhǎng)約翰?史密斯Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亞墾荒以來發(fā)生的各種事件的真實(shí)介紹》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亞地圖，附：一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村的描述》

“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亞通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉?布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop

《普利茅斯開發(fā)歷史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．約翰?溫思羅普J(rèn)ohn Winthrop

《新英格蘭歷史》“The History of New England”

4．羅杰?威廉姆斯Roger Williams

《開啟美國(guó)語言的鑰匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格蘭部分土著居民語言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮?布萊德斯特Anne Bradstreet

《在美洲誕生的第十個(gè)謬斯》

”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二、理性和革命時(shí)期文學(xué) The Literature of Reason and Revolution

1。本杰明?富蘭克林Benjamin Franklin

※《自傳》“ The Autobiography ”

《窮人理查德的年鑒》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”

2。托馬斯?佩因Thomas Paine

※《美國(guó)危機(jī)》“The American Crisis”

《收稅官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”

《常識(shí)》“Common Sense”

《人權(quán)》“Rights of Man”

《理性的時(shí)代》“The Age of Reason”

《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”

3。托馬斯?杰弗遜Thomas Jefferson

※《獨(dú)立宣言》

4。菲利浦?弗瑞諾Philip Freneau

※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”

※《印第安人的墳地》“The Indian Burying Ground”

※《致凱提?迪德》“To a Caty-Did”

《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”

《夜屋》“The House of Night”

《英國(guó)囚船》“The British Prison Ship”

《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期弗瑞諾主要詩(shī)歌集》

“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”

《札記》“Miscellaneous Works”

第五篇：英美文學(xué)

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亞瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(襲擊)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(給某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲詐者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(陰謀活動(dòng))of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亞瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不滿), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破滅).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驅(qū)使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(敘述,講述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;閨女)in distress(悲痛;苦惱;憂傷;貧困,窮苦;危難;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.