第一篇：重工企業(yè)中英文對(duì)照文章SEO

黎明重工移動(dòng)破碎站在破碎過(guò)程中的分析說(shuō)明

Brief attention of mobile crushing plant by Liming Heavy Industry

在進(jìn)行設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)加工的時(shí)候，必須要做到對(duì)設(shè)備的充分了解和認(rèn)知才能很好的進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)作業(yè)，黎明重工一改傳統(tǒng)的破碎設(shè)備進(jìn)行一機(jī)式的整合生產(chǎn)設(shè)計(jì)出了移動(dòng)破碎站設(shè)備，有很多客戶對(duì)生產(chǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)不了解就務(wù)必會(huì)造成不必要的損壞，致使生產(chǎn)效率低下，黎明重工技術(shù)人員對(duì)移動(dòng)破碎站做以下的分析說(shuō)明：

When the device is under processing and manufacturing, enough knowledge and realization can achieve a better effect.Liming Heavy Industry innovates the traditional chart of crushing device and integrate into a whole processing, which is the mobile crushing plant device.Thus there are many customers who are not familiar with the mobile crushing plant, and there is the necessary to present a brief analytic attention of mobile crushing plant.Below are the attentions that our technical staff gives:

第一：只有在移動(dòng)破碎站正常開(kāi)始工作運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，才可以投入物料進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

第二：被破碎的物料必須均勻的放入到破碎腔內(nèi)，絕對(duì)不可以把物料從側(cè)方向加入，也不可堆滿物料，這樣就不會(huì)引起移動(dòng)破碎站單邊過(guò)載或者承受過(guò)載的壓力。

Firstly, only after the mobile crushing plant starts work normally, material can be put into the feeder.Secondly, the material should put into the feeder evenly instead of being not equilibrium or piling high in order not to overload on one side or too stressful.第三：在移動(dòng)破碎站設(shè)備正常工作的時(shí)候，軸承的溫度絕對(duì)不可以超過(guò)30度，最高溫度也不得超過(guò)70度，如果在工作期間，碎石機(jī)的溫度超過(guò)了上述溫度，必須馬上停止工作進(jìn)行檢查。查明原因之后，必須立即采取措施進(jìn)行解決。

第四：在移動(dòng)破碎站停止工作之前，必須先停止加料，等待破碎腔內(nèi)的物料全部被排除之后，才可以關(guān)閉電源。這樣做不容易導(dǎo)致破碎腔內(nèi)的堵塞現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。

Thirdly, the bearing temperature should not excess 30 °C, and the highest temperature should not excess 70°C.If so, mobile crushing plant should stop immediately, and checking for the reason.Fourthly, before the mobile crushing plant stops, stop adding the material into the hopper first.Wait until the material in the cavity emission totally, before ends the power.Thus can prevent from blocking the cavity.第五：在移動(dòng)破碎站工作的時(shí)候，如果因?yàn)槠扑榍粌?nèi)物料過(guò)多而造成停車，應(yīng)該立即關(guān)閉電源停止破碎機(jī)的工作，進(jìn)行物料清理，清理干凈之后，方可再次運(yùn)行工作。

第六：移動(dòng)破碎站設(shè)備在使用了一段時(shí)間后，一定要進(jìn)行保養(yǎng)和維護(hù)，檢查各個(gè)部件的穩(wěn)固情況。

Fifthly, when mobile crushing plant is working, If because broken cavity materials and cause too much parking, should immediately shut off the power to stop the crusher work, make the material cleaning, clean up after, can run again.Lastly, after a period of time using, maintain and repair should be made to the mobile crushing plant, and check every parts of stability.

第二篇：中英文對(duì)照文章⑥

If如果

If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or, being lied about,don't deal in lies,Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dreamand not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twiseted by knaves to make a trap for fools,Or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothin in you

Except the Will which says to them:“Hold on!”;

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings-nor lose the common touch;If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;If all men count with you, but none too much;If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty second' worth of distance run-

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, Andyou'll be a Man my son!

如果所有人都失去理智，咒罵你，你仍能保持頭腦情形；

如果所有人都懷疑你，你仍能堅(jiān)信自己，讓所有的懷疑動(dòng)搖；

如果你要等待，不要因此厭煩，為人所騙，不要因此騙人，為人所恨，不要因此抱恨，不要太樂(lè)觀，不要自以為是；

如果你是個(gè)追夢(mèng)人——不要被夢(mèng)主宰；

如果你是個(gè)愛(ài)思考的人——光想會(huì)達(dá)不到目標(biāo)； 如果你遇到驕傲和挫折

把兩者當(dāng)騙子看待；

如果你能忍受，你曾講過(guò)的事實(shí)

被惡棍扭曲，用于蒙騙傻子；

看著你用畢生去看護(hù)的東西被破壞，然后俯身，用破爛的工具把它修補(bǔ)；

如果在你贏得無(wú)數(shù)桂冠之后?

突遇顛峰下跌之險(xiǎn)，失敗過(guò)后，東山再起，不要抱怨你的失??；

如果你能迫使自己，在別人走后，長(zhǎng)久堅(jiān)守陣地，在你心中已空蕩蕩無(wú)一物?

只有意志告訴你“堅(jiān)持！”；

如果你與人交談，能保持風(fēng)度，伴王行走，能保持距離；

如果仇敵和好友都不害你；

如果所有人都指望你，卻無(wú)人全心全意； 如果你花六十秒進(jìn)行短程跑，填滿那不可饒恕的一分鐘—— 你就可以擁有一個(gè)世界，這個(gè)世界的一切都是你的，更重要的是，孩子，你是個(gè)頂天立地的人。

第三篇：中英文對(duì)照文章11（精選）

通用汽車在滬推出微型電動(dòng)車EN-V

GM Shows Its EN-V in Shanghai

General Motors Co.introduced a pod-like electric vehicle in Shanghai this week, a vision for a car of the future to help solve urban-transportation problems such as congestion and pollution.通用汽車公司(General Motors Co.)本周在上海推出了一款豆莢狀電動(dòng)汽車，人們從中可以一窺未來(lái)能幫助緩解堵車和污染等城市交通問(wèn)題的汽車會(huì)是什么樣子。

The two-seater EN-V, or 'Electric Networked-Vehicle,' is a third the length of a regular car at 1.5 meters.It will be equipped with wireless communication and GPS-based navigation that will help it avoid accidents and pick the fastest routes based on real-time traffic conditions, GM says.這款名為EN-V的兩座“電動(dòng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)概念車”只有1.5米長(zhǎng)，僅為普通轎車長(zhǎng)度的三分之一。通用汽車說(shuō)，EN-V將配備無(wú)線通訊裝置和GPS衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，這些裝置將幫助它避免交通事故，并根據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)交通狀況選擇行駛速度最快的交通線路。

The EN-V likely won't actually hit the roads for a long while yet-if ever.但EN-V真的上路行駛可能還要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果會(huì)有這么一天的話。

GM has put forward a 20-year timeframe for the EN-V to catch on, and it may turn out to be more of a curiosity object like the Segway, GM's collaborator on the project.But if it works anywhere, it will likely work in China, which has no shortage of packed urban environments and swaths of consumers who have little or no history with traditional cars and may be more open to trying new concepts.通用汽車準(zhǔn)備給EN-V 20年的時(shí)間來(lái)逐步被市場(chǎng)接受，而這款車最終有可能像通用的另一款微型車Segway一樣，更多只是一種新奇的玩意兒。但如果EN-V真有用武之地的話，這個(gè)地方有可能是中國(guó)。中國(guó)不僅城市的停車位緊張，而且許多消費(fèi)者都不曾或很少有過(guò)駕駛傳統(tǒng)型轎車的經(jīng)歷，他們可能更樂(lè)于嘗試新的概念車。

GM expects the EN-V, if put into production, to cost less than a small car but more than a moped.通用汽車預(yù)計(jì)，EN-V如果投產(chǎn)，其價(jià)格會(huì)在小型轎車和摩托車之間。

For now, with its future still unclear, the EN-V at least represents an important P.R.move for GM, which has been criticized for not thinking ahead.目前看來(lái)，雖然EN-V的市場(chǎng)前景仍不明朗，但推出這款車至少是通用汽車一個(gè)重要的公關(guān)舉措，該公司一直被批評(píng)為缺乏前瞻性思維。

2012世界末日預(yù)言網(wǎng)上整理。

第四篇：中英文對(duì)照文章10

天涯網(wǎng)將中斷與谷歌的多個(gè)合作項(xiàng)目

Tianya To Discontinue Working With Google On Several Projects

Tianya, an Internet company that runs one of China's most popular online forums, said Wednesday that it would discontinue working with Google Inc.(GOOG)on several projects in light of the company's decision to snub Chinese authorities and reroute its Chinese users to a Hong Kong Web site.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司天涯網(wǎng)周三說(shuō)，鑒于谷歌(Google Inc.)決定不再遵守中國(guó)有關(guān)部門(mén)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)審查規(guī)定、把中國(guó)用戶轉(zhuǎn)到香港網(wǎng)站，天涯網(wǎng)將中斷與谷歌的數(shù)個(gè)合作項(xiàng)目。天涯網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)著中國(guó)最受歡迎的在線論壇之一。

Xing Ming, chief executive of the company, which uses Google technology to power some of its site functions, said the company has begun implementing a plan to continue its operations without Google's help.天涯網(wǎng)首席執(zhí)行長(zhǎng)邢明說(shuō)，該公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始實(shí)施一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，將在沒(méi)有谷歌的幫助下繼續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)。天涯網(wǎng)使用谷歌技術(shù)來(lái)支持部分網(wǎng)站功能。

'Though Google left, we still need to continue offering our services to our customers and meet our clients requests,' Xing said.'There were many fields we were planning to cooperate on, such as online video, and though we just got a license to provide online video, Google has left.So we will run the video business by ourselves.' 邢明說(shuō)，盡管谷歌離開(kāi)了，我們?nèi)孕枰^續(xù)向客戶提供服務(wù)，滿足客戶的需求。我們有很多計(jì)劃合作的領(lǐng)域，比如在線視頻；盡管我們剛剛獲得提供在線視頻的許可，谷歌卻離開(kāi)了。所以，我們將獨(dú)自運(yùn)營(yíng)視頻業(yè)務(wù)。

In addition, Xing said Tianya has taken full control of Tianya Laiba, its social-networking service, and Tianya Wenda, a question-and-answer service, which were formerly operated with Google.此外，邢明說(shuō)，天涯網(wǎng)已經(jīng)做出決定，可能自己來(lái)運(yùn)營(yíng)社交服務(wù)“天涯來(lái)吧”和問(wèn)答服務(wù)“天涯問(wèn)答”。這兩項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)現(xiàn)在是與谷歌一起運(yùn)營(yíng)的。

Google could not be immediately reached for comment, but has said it plans to fulfill its contractual obligations to partners, even after its move Tuesday to stop adhering to Chinese censorship regulations.記者暫時(shí)無(wú)法聯(lián)系到谷歌相關(guān)人員發(fā)表置評(píng)。不過(guò)谷歌說(shuō)，即使從周二開(kāi)始不再遵守中國(guó)的審查規(guī)定，它計(jì)劃履行對(duì)合作伙伴的合同義務(wù)。

The company now reroutes traffic to its Chinese domain address, Google.cn, to Google.com.hk, where it is hosting a service optimized for mainland Chinese users alongside its search site for Hong Kong users, but it's unclear how long authorities will allow that to continue.The move was seen by officials as deliberate defiance of Google's earlier agreements to follow China's Internet regulations.谷歌目前把中文網(wǎng)站Google.cn的用戶轉(zhuǎn)到了Google.com.hk。該網(wǎng)站提供對(duì)香港用戶的搜索網(wǎng)站，同時(shí)還提供為大陸用戶優(yōu)化的服務(wù)，不過(guò)不清楚有關(guān)部門(mén)能允許這種局面持續(xù)多久。中國(guó)官員們認(rèn)為此舉是谷歌故意挑戰(zhàn)此前有關(guān)同意遵守中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)規(guī)定的協(xié)議。

Tianya's decision comes after Hong Kong-based media company Tom Group Ltd.(TOCOF, 2383.HK)said it removed Google's search service from its Web portal in order to stay in

compliance with China's rules and regulations.在天涯網(wǎng)作出上述決定前，位于香港的媒體公司TOM集團(tuán)(Tom Group Ltd.)說(shuō)，把谷歌搜索服務(wù)從自己的門(mén)戶網(wǎng)站上去除了，以便遵守中國(guó)的規(guī)定和條例。

Other Google partners who used Google's Chinese search engine, including mobile operator China Mobile Ltd.(CHL, 0941.HK)and Web portal Sina Corp.(SINA), will have to decide whether to continue using Google's services as well.其他使用谷歌中文搜索引擎的合作伙伴──包括手機(jī)運(yùn)營(yíng)商中國(guó)移動(dòng)和門(mén)戶網(wǎng)站新浪──將必須決定是否繼續(xù)使用谷歌的服務(wù)。

2012世界末日預(yù)言

網(wǎng)上整理。

第五篇：機(jī)械專業(yè)英語(yǔ)文章中英文對(duì)照

英語(yǔ)原文

NUMERICAL CONTROL

Numerical control(N/C)is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols, The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work part or job.When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed.The capability to change the program is what makes N/C suitable for low-and medium-volume production.It is much easier to write programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.There are two basic types of numerically controlled machine tools：point—to—point and continuous—path(also called contouring).Point—to—point machines use unsynchronized motors, with the result that the position of the machining head Can be assured only upon completion of a movement, or while only one motor is running.Machines of this type are principally used for straight—line cuts or for drilling or boring.The N/C system consists of the following components：data input, the tape reader with the control unit, feedback devices, and the metal—cutting machine tool or other type of N/C equipment.Data input, also called “man—to—control link”, may be provided to the machine tool manually, or entirely by automatic means.Manual methods when used as the sole source of input data are restricted to a relatively small number of inputs.Examples of manually operated devices are keyboard dials, pushbuttons, switches, or thumbwheel selectors.These are located on a console near the machine.Dials ale analog devices usually connected to a syn-chro-type resolver or potentiometer.In most cases, pushbuttons, switches, and other similar types of selectors are digital input devices.Manual input requires that the operator set the controls for each operation.It is a slow and tedious process and is seldom justified except in elementary machining applications or in special cases.In practically all cases, information is automatically supplied to the control unit and the machine tool by cards, punched tapes, or by magnetic tape.Eight—channel punched paper tape is the most commonly used form of data input for conventional N/C systems.The coded instructions on the tape consist of sections of punched holes called blocks.Each block represents a machine function, a machining operation, or a combination of the two.The entire N/C program on a tape is made up of an accumulation of these successive data blocks.Programs resulting in long tapes all wound on reels like motion-picture film.Programs on relatively short tapes may be continuously repeated by joining the two ends of the tape to form a loop.Once installed, the tape is used again and again without further handling.In this case, the operator simply loads and1

unloads the parts.Punched tapes ale prepared on type writers with special tape—punching attachments or in tape punching units connected directly to a computer system.Tape production is rarely error-free.Errors may be initially caused by the part programmer, in card punching or compilation, or as a result of physical damage to the tape during handling, etc.Several trial runs are often necessary to remove all errors and produce an acceptable working tape.While the data on the tape is fed automatically, the actual programming steps ale done manually.Before the coded tape may be prepared, the programmer, often working with a planner or a process engineer, must select the appropriate N/C machine tool, determine the kind of material to be machined, calculate the speeds and feeds, and decide upon the type of tooling needed.The dimensions on the part print are closely examined to determine a suitable zero reference point from which to start the program.A program manuscript is then written which gives coded numerical instructions describing the sequence of operations that the machine tool is required to follow to cut the part to the drawing specifications.The control unit receives and stores all coded data until a complete block of information has been accumulated.It then interprets the coded instruction and directs the machine tool through the required motions.The function of the control unit may be better understood by comparing it to the action of a dial telephone, where, as each digit is dialed, it is stored.When the entire number has been dialed, the equipment becomes activated and the call is completed.Silicon photo diodes, located in the tape reader head on the control unit, detect light as it passes through the holes in the moving tape.The light beams are converted to electrical energy, which is amplified to further strengthen the signal.The signals are then sent to registers in the control unit, where actuation signals are relayed to the machine tool drives.Some photoelectric devices are capable of reading at rates up to 1000 characters per second.High reading rates are necessary to maintain continuous machine—tool motion；otherwise dwell marks may be generated by the cutter on the part during contouring operations.The reading device must be capable of reading data blocks at a rate faster than the control system can process the data.A feedback device is a safeguard used on some N/C installations to constantly compensate for errors between the commanded position and the actual location of the moving slides of the machine tool.An N/C machine equipped with this kind of a direct feedback checking device has what is known as a closed-loop system.Positioning control is accomplished by a sensor which, during the actual operation, records the position of the slides and relays this information back to the control unit.Signals thus received ale compared to input signals on the tape, and any discrepancy between them is automatically rectified.In an alternative system, called an open—loop system, the machine is positioned solely by stepping motor drives in response to commands by a controllers.There is one basic type of NC motions.Point-to-point or Positional Control In point-to-point control the machine tool elements(tools, table, etc.)are moved to programmed locations and the machining operations performed

after the motions are completed.The path or speed of movement between locations is unimportant;only the coordinates of the end points of the motions are accurately controlled.This type of control is suitable for drill presses and some boring machines, where drilling, tapping, or boring operations must be performed at various locations on the work piece.Straight-Line or Linear Control Straight-Line control systems are able to move the cutting tool parallel to one of the major axes of the machine tool at a controlled rate suitable for machining.It is normally only possible to move in one direction at a time, so angular cuts on the work piece are not possible, consequently, for milling machines, only rectangular configurations can be machined or for lathes only surfaces parallel or perpendicular to the spindle axis can be machined.This type of controlled motion is often referred to as linear control or a half-axis of control.Machines with this form of control are also capable of point-to-point control.The original N/C used the closed—loop system.Of the two systems, closed and open loop, closed loop is more accurate and, as a consequence, is generally more expensive.Initially, open—loop systems were used almost entirely for light-duty applications because of inherent power limitations previously associated with conventional electric stepping motors.Recent advances in the development of electro hydraulic stepping motors have led to increasingly heavier machine load applications.中文譯文

數(shù)控技術(shù)

數(shù)控是可編程自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的一種形式,通過(guò)數(shù)字、字母和其他符號(hào)來(lái)控制加工設(shè)備。數(shù)字、字母和符號(hào)用適當(dāng)?shù)母袷骄幋a為一個(gè)特定工件定義指令程序。當(dāng)工件改變時(shí),指令程序就改變。這種改變程序的能力使數(shù)控適合于中、小批量生產(chǎn),寫(xiě)一段新程序遠(yuǎn)比對(duì)加工設(shè)備做大的改動(dòng)容易得多。

數(shù)控機(jī)床有兩種基本形式：點(diǎn)位控制和連續(xù)控制(也稱為輪廓控制)。點(diǎn)位控制機(jī)床采用異步電動(dòng)機(jī),因此,主軸的定位只能通過(guò)完成一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)或一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。這種機(jī)床主要用于直線切削或鉆孔、鏜孔等場(chǎng)合。

數(shù)控系統(tǒng)由下列組件組成：數(shù)據(jù)輸入裝置,帶控制單元的磁帶閱讀機(jī),反饋裝置和切削機(jī)床或其他形式的數(shù)控設(shè)備。

數(shù)據(jù)輸人裝置,也稱“人機(jī)聯(lián)系裝置”,可用人工或全自動(dòng)方法向機(jī)床提供數(shù)據(jù)。人工方法作為輸人數(shù)據(jù)唯一方法時(shí),只限于少量輸入。人工輸入裝置有鍵盤(pán),撥號(hào)盤(pán),按鈕,開(kāi)關(guān)或撥輪選擇開(kāi)關(guān),這些都位于機(jī)床附近的一個(gè)控制臺(tái)上。撥號(hào)盤(pán)通常連到一個(gè)同步解析器或電位計(jì)的模擬裝置上。在大多數(shù)情況下,按鈕、開(kāi)關(guān)和其他類似的旋鈕是數(shù)據(jù)輸入元件。人工輸入需要操作者控制每個(gè)操作,這是一個(gè)既慢又單調(diào)的過(guò)程,除了簡(jiǎn)單加工場(chǎng)合或特殊情況,已很少使用。

幾乎所有情況下,信息都是通過(guò)卡片、穿孔紙帶或磁帶自動(dòng)提供給控制單元。在傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中,八信道穿孔紙帶是最常用的數(shù)據(jù)輸入形式,紙帶上的編碼指令由一系列稱為程序塊的穿孔組成。每一個(gè)程序塊代表一種加工功能、一種操作或兩者的組合。紙帶上的整個(gè)數(shù)控程序由這些連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)單元連接而成。帶有程序的長(zhǎng)帶子像電影膠片一樣繞在盤(pán)子上,相對(duì)較短的帶子上的程序可通過(guò)將紙帶兩端連接形成一個(gè)循環(huán)而連續(xù)不斷地重復(fù)使用。帶子一旦安裝好,就可反復(fù)使用而無(wú)需進(jìn)一步處理。此時(shí),操作者只是簡(jiǎn)單地上、下工件。穿孔紙帶是在帶有特制穿孔附件的打字機(jī)或直接連到計(jì)算機(jī)上的紙帶穿孔裝置上做成的。紙帶制造很少不出錯(cuò),錯(cuò)誤可能由編程、卡片穿孔或編碼、紙帶穿孔時(shí)的物理?yè)p害等形成。通常,必須要試走幾次來(lái)排除錯(cuò)誤,才能得到一個(gè)可用的工作紙帶。

雖然紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù)是自動(dòng)進(jìn)給的,但實(shí)際編程卻是手工完成的,在編碼紙帶做好前,編程者經(jīng)常要和一個(gè)計(jì)劃人員或工藝工程師一起工作,選擇合適的數(shù)控機(jī)床,決定加工材料,計(jì)算切削速度和進(jìn)給速度,決定所需刀具類型,仔細(xì)閱讀零件圖上尺寸,定下合適的程序開(kāi)始的零參考點(diǎn),然后寫(xiě)出程序清單,其上記載有描述加工順序的編碼數(shù)控指令,機(jī)床按順序加工工件到圖樣要求。

控制單元接受和儲(chǔ)存編碼數(shù)據(jù),直至形成一個(gè)完整的信息程序塊,然后解釋數(shù)控指令,并引導(dǎo)機(jī)床得到所需運(yùn)動(dòng)。

為更好理解控制單元的作用,可將它與撥號(hào)電話進(jìn)行比較,即每撥一個(gè)數(shù)字,就儲(chǔ)存一個(gè),當(dāng)整個(gè)數(shù)字撥好后,電話就被激活,也就完成了呼叫。

裝在控制單元里的紙帶閱讀機(jī),通過(guò)其內(nèi)的硅光二極管,檢測(cè)到穿過(guò)移動(dòng)紙帶上的孔漏

過(guò)的光線,將光束轉(zhuǎn)變成電能,并通過(guò)放大來(lái)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)信號(hào),然后將信號(hào)送到控制單元里的寄存器,由它將動(dòng)作信號(hào)傳到機(jī)床驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。

有些光電裝置能以高達(dá)每秒1000個(gè)字節(jié)的速度閱讀,這對(duì)保持機(jī)床連續(xù)動(dòng)作是必須的,否則,在輪廓加工時(shí),刀具可能在工件上產(chǎn)生劃痕。閱讀裝置必須要能以比控制系統(tǒng)處理數(shù)據(jù)更快的速度來(lái)閱讀數(shù)據(jù)程序塊。

反饋裝置是用在一些數(shù)控設(shè)備上的安全裝置,它可連續(xù)補(bǔ)償控制位置與機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)滑臺(tái)的實(shí)際位置之間的誤差。裝有這種直接反饋檢查裝置的數(shù)控機(jī)床有一個(gè)閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)裝置。位置控制通過(guò)傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn),在實(shí)際工作時(shí),記錄下滑臺(tái)的位置,并將這些信息送回控制單元。接受到的信號(hào)與紙帶輸入的信號(hào)相比較,它們之間的任何偏差都可得到糾正。

在另一個(gè)稱為開(kāi)環(huán)的系統(tǒng)中,機(jī)床僅由響應(yīng)控制器命令的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)定位,工件的精度幾乎完全取決于絲杠的精度和機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度。有幾個(gè)理由可以說(shuō)明步進(jìn)電機(jī)是一個(gè)自動(dòng)化申請(qǐng)的非常有用的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。對(duì)于一件事物,它被不連續(xù)直流電壓脈沖驅(qū)使,是來(lái)自數(shù)傳計(jì)算機(jī)和其他的自動(dòng)化的非常方便的輸出控制系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)多數(shù)是索引或其他的自動(dòng)化申請(qǐng)所必備者的時(shí)候,步進(jìn)電機(jī)對(duì)運(yùn)行一個(gè)精確的有角進(jìn)步也是理想的。因?yàn)榭刂葡到y(tǒng)不需要監(jiān)聽(tīng)就提供特定的輸出指令而且期待系統(tǒng)適當(dāng)?shù)胤磻?yīng)的公開(kāi)-環(huán)操作造成一個(gè)回應(yīng)環(huán),步進(jìn)電機(jī)是理想的。一些工業(yè)的機(jī)械手使用高抬腿運(yùn)步的馬乘汽車駕駛員,而且步進(jìn)電機(jī)是有用的在數(shù)字受約束的工作母機(jī)中。這些申請(qǐng)的大部分是公開(kāi)-環(huán) ,但是雇用回應(yīng)環(huán)檢測(cè)受到驅(qū)策的成份位置是可能的。環(huán)的一個(gè)分析者把真實(shí)的位置與需要的位置作比較,而且不同是考慮過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤。那然后駕駛員能發(fā)行對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的電脈沖,直到錯(cuò)誤被減少對(duì)準(zhǔn)零位。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中,沒(méi)有信息反饋到控制單元的自矯正過(guò)程。出現(xiàn)誤動(dòng)作時(shí),控制單元繼續(xù)發(fā)出電脈沖。比如,一臺(tái)數(shù)控銑床的工作臺(tái)突然過(guò)載,阻力矩超過(guò)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí),將沒(méi)有響應(yīng)信號(hào)送回到控制器。因?yàn)?步進(jìn)電機(jī)對(duì)載荷變化不敏感,所以許多數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)允許電機(jī)停轉(zhuǎn)。然而,盡管有可能損壞機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)或機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),也有使用帶有特高轉(zhuǎn)矩步進(jìn)電機(jī)的其他系統(tǒng),此時(shí),電動(dòng)機(jī)有足夠能力來(lái)應(yīng)付系統(tǒng)中任何偶然事故。

最初的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用開(kāi)環(huán)系統(tǒng)。在開(kāi)、閉環(huán)兩種系統(tǒng)中,閉環(huán)更精確,一般說(shuō)來(lái)更昂貴。起初,因?yàn)樵葌鹘y(tǒng)的步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率限制,開(kāi)環(huán)系統(tǒng)幾乎全部用于輕加工場(chǎng)合,最近出現(xiàn)的電液步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)已越來(lái)越多地用于較重的加工領(lǐng)域。