第一篇：新版《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程》同步練習(xí)答案Unit 1,Book III（定稿）

全新版《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)·綜合教程》同步練習(xí)參考答案Unit 1Book III

Key to Unit 1

Text A

I.First Reading Exercises

Directions: Read the text and find out the English versions for the following expressions.1.對(duì)……懷有浪漫的情感have a romantic idea of…(P.4, Introductory Para.)

2.自己辦個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)start up their own farm(P.4, Introductory Para.)

3.靠土地為生live off the land(P.4, Introductory Para.)

4.遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在be far from easy(P.4, Introductory Para.)

5.創(chuàng)建自己的理想生活build one’s dream(ideal)life(P.4, title)

6.（一種）自力更生的生活self-reliant(sort of)life(P.4, Para.2)

7.俗話說(shuō)As the old saying goes.(P.5, Para.5)

8.壞人不得閑no rest for the wicked(P.5, Para.5)

9.一波又一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品使我們應(yīng)接不暇 swamp us under wave after wave of produce(P.6, Para.7)

10.房屋貸款按揭mortgage payment(P.7, Para.10)

11.一家人的日常開(kāi)銷(xiāo)the usual expenses for a family(P.7, Para.10)

12.醫(yī)療費(fèi)用medical fees(P.17, Para.10)

13.彌補(bǔ)收入差額to make up the difference in income(P.7, Para.11)

14.不明顯降低生活水準(zhǔn)without appreciably lowering the standard of living(P.7, Para.11)

15.光顧當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^to patronize local restaurants(P.7, Para.11)

16.鋪張的圣誕節(jié)成為一種回憶。Extravagant Christmas are a memory.(P.7, Para.11)

17.參加學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)be involved in school activities(P.7, Para.12)

18.抵制做……的誘惑resist the temptation to do…(P.8, Para.13)

19.賺相當(dāng)大一筆錢(qián)make a fair profit(P.8, Para.14)

20.一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)Once economic conditions improve…(P.8, Para.14)

II.After Reading Exercises

Directions: Now you’ve learned the text in detail.Let’s check how much you’ve learned from it!Please translate the Chinese expressions in the following sentences into English.Be sure you use expressions from the text.1.(P.4, Para.1)(在經(jīng)歷了多年的惆悵失望之后), my wife and I 終于在這里的鄉(xiāng)村尋覓到心靈的滿足).2.把拖了很久沒(méi)修的廁所修葺一下).3.一波接一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品使我們應(yīng)接不暇).4.我掙得遠(yuǎn)比不上我太太多), but

I’m not upset about it.5.除

開(kāi)每月1000元的房屋貸款和一家人的日常開(kāi)銷(xiāo))，little of my salary is left over for entertainment(P.4, Para.2)(留作娛樂(lè)之用).6.We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we don’(聽(tīng)歌劇看芭蕾演出光顧其它奢侈的地方).7.需要一些特殊的素質(zhì)耐得住寂寞相當(dāng)大的體力).1

8.還是游到了對(duì)岸)in spite of the turbulent wave.9.總的來(lái)說(shuō)在這次比賽中成績(jī)良好).III.Language Focus

Ex.I.Translate the following English expressions into Chinese and Chinese into English.1.My job varies between the extremely tedious and the annoyingly busy.我的工作要么極其乏味要么忙得讓人厭煩。(P.15, I-1-1)

2.a wicked stepmother惡毒的繼母(P.15, I-1-4)

3.to remain within the budget在預(yù)算范圍內(nèi)(P.16, I-1-6)

4.inflation leads to economic decline通貨膨脹導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退(P.16, I-1-10)

5.make small changes in my life在生活中做一些小的改變

6.once and for all一勞永逸地(P.17, I-2-5)

7.the quality of indoor environment室內(nèi)環(huán)境的質(zhì)量(P.17, I-4-1)

8.on a global scale全球范圍內(nèi)(P.18, I-4-1)

9.material temptation物質(zhì)誘惑(P.18, I-4-3)

10.sincerity as a public servant作為人民公仆所具有的真誠(chéng)(P.19, II-2-3)

11.cash the checks將支票兌換成現(xiàn)金(P.20, III-4)

12.a born farmer天生的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主(P.20, Cloze 1)

13.付賬單pick up the bill(P.16, I-2-2)

14.勇于面對(duì)錯(cuò)誤face up to one’s mistakes(P.16, I-2-5)

15.錯(cuò)失唯一良機(jī)miss a unique opportunity(P.16, I-2-5)

16.誤解misleading thoughts(P.17, I-3-2)

17.家用器皿household utensils(P.18, I-4-3)

18.疑人不用，用人不疑。Don’t employ someone you suspect, nor suspect someone

youemploy.(P.19, II-2-5)

19.不斷增長(zhǎng)的離婚率the ever-rising divorce rate(P.19, III-1)

20.回收利用的方法及理由the hows and whys of recycling(P.20, III-5)

Ex.II.Please translate the Chinese expressions in the following sentences into English.Be sure to use expressions from the exercises.1.最受優(yōu)待).(P.18, II-1-2)

2.為爭(zhēng)取民族獨(dú)立而奮

斗).(P.19, II-2-3)

3.I suspect him(利用我來(lái)達(dá)到他的自私的目的).(P.19, II-2-4)

4.努力進(jìn)入了決賽).(P.20, III-2)

5.尋求出

路來(lái)逃離現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的紛繁).(P.21, Cloze 2)

IV.Language Enhancement活學(xué)活用

Ex.I.Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.1.作為籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員, 我和姚明不屬于同一等級(jí)，作為體育教師，我和同事們也不是同一類(lèi)人。(P.4, Para.1)

I’m not in Yaoming’s class as a basketball player or in my co-workers’ league as a P.E.teacher.2.俗話說(shuō)，有志者，事竟成。(P.5, Para.5)

As the old saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.3.至于校區(qū)安全，我們有相應(yīng)的政策措施。(P.7, Para.10)

When it comes to campus security, we have corresponding policies and measures.4.我們通過(guò)節(jié)約成本而又不降低產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的方式來(lái)增加收入。(P.7, Para.11)

We raise the income by cutting back on cost without lowering product quality.5.沒(méi)人知道他們還要在農(nóng)村呆多久。(P.8, Para.14)

How much longer they’ll stay in the country is anybody’s guess.Ex.II.Complete the following passage by putting the Chinese expressions into English.對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村生活懷有浪漫的情感).They praise highly the virtues of the peaceful life, hoping to build their dream life(希望創(chuàng)建自己的理想生活).But country life is far from easy(遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在).Not everyone is a born farmer(不是每個(gè)人都是天生的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主).There is not much rest for them to live such a self-reliant life(過(guò)這種自力更生的生活).Without the steady income, they can only get by(他們只能勉強(qiáng)度日).The expensive restaurant, ballet 而不是去參加社交活動(dòng)).Sometimes they could not even pick up the utilities bill(他們連水電費(fèi)都交不起).At 在那時(shí)這樣痛苦的挫折)and give up 抵制住了回城的誘惑)because they still maintain that nothing can be compared with country life.They are determined to 逃離城市的喧囂提高生活質(zhì)量).Text B

課前預(yù)習(xí)

Directions: Read the text and find out the English versions for the following expressions.1.有三種力量在起作用Three forces are at work.(P.23, Introductory paragraph)

2.變化中的景象the changing picture(P.23, title)

3.一度/曾經(jīng)at one time(P.23, Para.6)

4.情景劇老片子old situation comedies(P.23, Para.6)

5.晚托班after school program(P.24, Para.8)

6.照顧自己to care for oneself(P.24, Para.8)

7.失去童年時(shí)期本來(lái)應(yīng)有的一些重要東西 to miss out on an important part of childhood(P.24, Para.8)

8.培養(yǎng)一種健康的自立意識(shí)to develop a healthy sense of self-reliance(P.24, Para.8)

9.通勤族commuters(P.24, Para.10)

10.家常飯菜home-style meals(P.25, Para.12)

11.雙職工家庭working family(P.25, Para.13)

12.外賣(mài)食物takeout(P.25, Para.13)

13.加熱即食的菜肴heat-and-serve dishes(P.25, Para.13)

14.巨無(wú)霸漢堡包和飲料Big Macs and shakes(P.25, Para.13)

15.在幾分鐘內(nèi)把冷凍食品解凍to thaw frozen food in minutes(P.25, Para.13)

16.相互交流一天的事share the day’s news(P.25, Para.14)

17.合家團(tuán)聚的氣氛the feeling of togetherness(P.25, Para.14)

18.后來(lái)電視機(jī)取而代之。Later television took over.(P.25, Para.18)

19.將多得令人眩目的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)帶回家中to bring a dizzy array of entertainment into the home(P.25, Para.18)

20.入門(mén)指南錄像帶how-to tape(P.25, Para.18)

21.動(dòng)作片action movie(P.26, Para.19)

鞏固應(yīng)用

Directions: Translate the Chinese in the following sentences form Text B into English, and learn them by heart.1.曾經(jīng)一度在美國(guó)), the above household might have been typical.(P.23, Para.6)

2.(了解這些變化所帶來(lái)的影響)may help us improve family life.(P.24, Para.6)

3.(在過(guò)去三十年中急劇增長(zhǎng)).(P.24, Para.7)

4.會(huì)讓他們的父母驚訝得倒抽一口涼氣).(P.24, Para.10)

5.If both parents are away from home for long hours, 那誰(shuí)在廚房里忙著準(zhǔn)備美味的菜肴呢)?(P.24, Para.11)

6.(快餐、外賣(mài)、加熱即食的菜肴)make up much of the modern American diet.(P.25, Para.13)

7.(讓收看人參與其間), also provide excitement.(P.25-26, Para.18)

8.Players can compete in the Olympics, search out aliens,(或者在小小的屏幕上摧毀整個(gè)文明國(guó)家).(P.26, Para.18)

9.(原有的家庭結(jié)構(gòu))in the process?(P.26, Para.22)

四級(jí)詞匯、語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：

1-5 BCBBC6-10 BDBBB11-15 BBBAD16-20 BDAAA

第二篇：新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程4 unit1 答案

1.disaster 2.compelled 3.historical 4.disciplined 5.destruction 6.output 7.retreat 8.abandoned 9.trace 10.eternal 11.investment 12.transfer 13.justify 14.nonetheless 15.contributions 16.accelerate 17.threaten

1.show signs of 2.called upon 3.off limits 4.in fear of 5.slow down 6.cut down 7.from head to foot 8.come by 9.lost out 10.As yet 11.reside in

smoke + fog;web + log;breakfast + lunch;medical + care;motor + hotel;net + citizen;science + fiction;work + alcoholic

Anthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs

Archaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons

Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundings

Geology: the study of rocks, soils, etc.which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world

Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on

Musicology: the study of the history and theory of music

Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behavior

Sociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behavior Zoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour

1.collective individual2.consistent contradictory3.constructive destructive4.irrational rational5.modern primitive6.natural synthetic

7.nearby distant8.optimistic pessimistic9.replaceable irreplaceable10.small enormous

1.She wished us health and success in the new year.2.He asked how we were getting along with our work.3.Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4.Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5.He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6.She said I needn't have done all that myself.

1.The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2.He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3.He agreed(that)that was the best solution to the problem.4.My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5.He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6.The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7.Mrs.Jones complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8.The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.(1)realm(2)elemental(3)obtain(4)stubbornly(5)transferred(6)transformed(7)subdued

(8)expansion(9)irreplaceable(10)extinct(11)dynamic(12)verge(13)moderate(14)ecological(15)rational

1.The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from

the enemy.2.In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3.This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4.Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5.The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6.The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7.At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8.The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9.The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10.We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.Human beings live in the realm of nature.They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it.With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become

less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties.No one can live outside nature.However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down.Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.My Understanding of Environmental Protection

Man and the environment are closely related.Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter.A harmonious relationship between man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now.As society develops, man’s

transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment.Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms.The

discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings.And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil.If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.??????We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.

第三篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版綜合教程2答案unit1

最全的全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版綜合教程2答案

課后練習(xí)答案

Unit1 Ways of Learning Part II Reading Task Comprehension Content Question Pair Work 1.They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.2.Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3.They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.4.Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5.Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6.He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.7.He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.8.The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9.One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently;in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works;and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.10.Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later.Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11.This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12.The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.Text Organization Working On Your Own 1.1)The text begins with an anecdote.2)His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.3)He winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.2.Chinese 1)Show a child how to do something, or tech by holding the hand 2)Give greater priority to developing skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time Americans 1)Teach children that they should rely on themselves for solutions to problems 2)Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be picked up later Language Sense Enhancement(1)Summarizing(2)value originality and independence(3)contrast between(4)in terms of(5)harbor(6)fearful(7)comparable(8)promote creativity(9)emerge(10)picked up Language Focus Vocabulary I 1.1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investigate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomena 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not;in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2.1)a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3.1)be picked up;can’t accomplish;am exaggerating 2)somewhat;the performance;have neglected;they apply to 3)assist;On the other hand;are valid;a superior II 1.1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 2.1)principal 2)principal 3)principle 4)principles 5)principal III 1.themselves 2.himself/herself 3.herself/by herself/on her own 4.itself 5.ourselves 6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I.cloze 1.(1)contrast(2)exaggerating(3)priority(4)on the other hand(5)promoting(6)pick up(7)assist(8)accomplish(9)occasion(10)neglecting(11)worthwhile(12)superior 2.0-(2)perform(3)facing(4)competent(5)equipped(6)designed(7)approach(8)rest(9)definitely(10)quality II.translation 1.(1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.(2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.(3)

Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.(4)Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it?(5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.

第四篇：綜合英語(yǔ)教程2,unit1

綜合英語(yǔ)教程

Unit 1 Someone waiting

Part1

Important sentences

1.He is nowhere to be found.2.He strikes me like an unreliable person.3.His words struck a slightly false note for me.4.Love is like coke : sometime you get as the product of making something else.Words

Efficiently效率高的，有能力的Mysterious 神秘的，奇怪的，不易解釋的Cue提示，暗示

Arrogant傲慢的，自大的Instructive富有教益的Presentation表演

Pavement人行道

Sidewalk

Lamppost 電燈柱

Backbag背包

Oblivious 不管

Bulge 鼓鼓的Neglect 被人忽視的Spectacular 壯麗的Awe敬畏

Neutral中立的Favourable 給人好印象的Part2 reading comprehensionandlanguage activities

Someone waitingI am siting at the airport watching people in the final moments before their loved ones arrive or depart.They are pacing ,nervous,looking at one another ,touching and not touching.the emotion is charged.A woman,speaking Spanish,is running in circles trying to gather family members together for a good-bye.Her voice is high-pitched.When the final moment comes before boarding,she wraps her arms around her son,giving hin a powerful embrace that should protect him until he returns.A grandmother andgrandson stand at the rail where I am waiting；the people who are supposed to pick them up are late.Two ladies,next to them but unrelated ,look up and down the corridor as if scanning an open sea.A mother holds a baby as she kissed her husband.Tears dampen her cheeks.The moment is charged.At Gate 13 ,the arrivals are just coming in.” I see her.There she is.”Just as poigant,the arrivals fold into the mix of people as if they have been the missing ingredient.There are tears and smiles.,pure delight ringing in the laughter of seeing someone who has been gone.I sit,glancing at my book,waiting for my turn to leave,alone because the ones I love have a different shedule from mine,and the one I am going to see,a daughter,is at the other end of my journey.I think of other departures and arrivals.I recall seeing my daughter,the daughter I an going to visit, coming down that narrow corridor with her backbag slung on one shoulder, her overstuffed carry-on cradled in her arms, her headphone making her oblivious to the stream of people flowing along with her.She was in her frist year at university coming home for a holiday in Novermber –the frist time since August.I wrapped myself around her as if she had been lost to me.Today my flight is two hours late.The book I am reading is not as interesting as the people leaving and coming,coming and leaving.A little boy about five is meeting his grandfather for the frist time.He looks up and up at the face of a man who is not that tall,except to a child.Joy shines down and up,and I am wandering how one would cather this moment in words or on film.When myflight is finally called,I gather my books and carry-on.Since there is no one to see me off, I do not look back to see where I have come from.Instead, I think of my husband at work wonding if I have left yet, and my daghret at the other end wondering the same thing.As I head toward the plane,I find myself remember yet another arrival and departure.When I was a newlywed, my 91-year-old granderfather died.We had been very close, and one evening,returning from his funeral, I arrived at the airport crying.My husband of only a year was

waiting at the gate to take me in his arms.Because of my tears,everyone was looking at us, but I didn’t care.Somehow the emotion I felt seemed not at all out of place for the airport.(黃色為重點(diǎn)字詞，紅色為重點(diǎn)句子)

Solemn 莊嚴(yán)的Whimper 哭泣，低泣

Tug 拖拉拽（幾次用力）

Show you their teeth 要挾（孩子）

The dawn will follow the dark

Sacrifice

Noble 崇高的Fudge 法奇軟糖

Frosting 給覆上糖霜

Of one’s own accord 主動(dòng)自愿

Torture 拷打 折磨

Resort to sth.訴諸，求助于

They’ll give you one more chance to tell them of you own accord.tf you don’t, they will have to resort to torture.Relife from pain

Earnestly非常認(rèn)真的Conventional 依照慣例的，傳統(tǒng)的，普通的Pester 打擾，糾纏

Cope with

sharpen

ashen 面色蒼白的，沒(méi)有血色的earthen陶制的harden變硬，硬化

lighten 變明亮，變成淡色

strengthen 增強(qiáng)，鞏固

fasten（使兩部分）系牢，扎牢，扣緊

fastener紐扣，扣件，拉鏈

milestone 重要事件，重要階段

category

Bouquet花束wedding婚禮get engaged訂婚divorced離婚widower鰥夫honeymoon bride蜜月

Pregnan懷孕g(shù)odmother 教母nappy尿布maternity leave產(chǎn)假pram嬰兒車(chē)

Mourners悲傷者;哀悼者;送葬者coffin棺材,靈柩funeralburysympathygrave墓穴;埋葬處wreath花圈;花環(huán);花冠grief悲痛,悲傷

第五篇：創(chuàng)新大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程unit1、unit2課文翻譯

P10冒險(xiǎn)是我的天性。無(wú)論是暑假還是中學(xué)畢業(yè)，只要有可能，我都喜歡把冒險(xiǎn)融入生活。當(dāng)我聽(tīng)說(shuō)有個(gè)家伙獨(dú)自徒步了阿巴拉契亞山間的崎嶇小道，我就開(kāi)始琢磨我也要獨(dú)自來(lái)一次非同一般的旅行。由于在挪威和瑞典有親戚，我計(jì)劃去那邊旅行，并為此激動(dòng)不已。我打開(kāi)地圖，大致勾畫(huà)了我從挪威最北端到瑞典最南部的旅行路線，全程1500英尺。

隨著學(xué)期最后一天的臨近，我越來(lái)越難集中精力到最后的作業(yè)上。我的心已經(jīng)飛過(guò)了半個(gè)地球，想象正等待著我的這次冒險(xiǎn)。畢業(yè)三天后，我的人也飛向了那里。我從芝加哥飛往瑞典斯德哥爾摩的旅程一帆風(fēng)順。一到斯德哥爾摩我就趕乘了飛往挪威奧斯陸的航班，然后乘另一短程航班到了一個(gè)名叫特羅姆索的小鎮(zhèn)。在一家廉價(jià)旅館住了一夜后，我又乘12小時(shí)的渡船到了洪寧斯瓦格。過(guò)去的兩天里，由于時(shí)差的關(guān)系，加上缺乏睡眠，我已經(jīng)疲憊不堪。而此時(shí)我尚未到達(dá)計(jì)劃旅程的起點(diǎn)。我還得再走20英里才能到達(dá)歐洲的最北端——北角。

從洪寧斯瓦格離船上岸后，我組裝了自行車(chē)，調(diào)整好了背包。一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒后，我意識(shí)到自己根本不知道走哪條路。我看不懂路標(biāo)，周?chē)矡o(wú)人可詢。由于坡陡，在那片草木不生的冰凍荒原上，我花了12個(gè)小時(shí)才蹬完那20英里路。到達(dá)北角時(shí)，我筋疲力盡，倍感孤獨(dú)。好在，周?chē)拿谰白屛覟橹畠A倒。從我騎車(chē)的地方，能看到巴倫支海。

我離家僅僅3天，內(nèi)心就斗爭(zhēng)開(kāi)了。一方面，我思家心切，懷疑自己是否真能完成這次旅行；另一方面，我急不可待地向自己和國(guó)內(nèi)的家人證明，我具備所需的一切實(shí)力。在北角，我遇到一個(gè)騎行者他年紀(jì)比我大很多。他從挪威南部出發(fā)剛剛結(jié)束他的孤軍之旅。我能看出他有著極大的滿足感。這鼓勵(lì)了我堅(jiān)持到底。

從北角到基律納的一段旅程，山巒起伏，路途艱難。雖然我平均日行約60英里，但那段旅程我用了整整7天。我離開(kāi)伊利諾伊州時(shí)，天氣潮濕、炎熱，可挪威北部的北極氣候截然不同，只有30多華氏度。我對(duì)那里的寒冷天氣毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備。每晚在我支起輕便的帳篷、打開(kāi)輕薄的睡袋時(shí)，我都納悶自己之前想些什么了。我只帶了一件風(fēng)衣和一件防雨薄夾克。真夠笨的，我想。我沒(méi)帶厚襪子，沒(méi)帶手套，甚至連帽子都沒(méi)帶一頂。

雖然感覺(jué)像早先一樣又冷又沮喪，但我慶幸剛到挪威時(shí)就買(mǎi)了一個(gè)便宜手機(jī)。借助歐洲便宜的無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我每天都能和家人聯(lián)絡(luò)。

我一面聽(tīng)著mp3里面自己鐘愛(ài)的音樂(lè)，一面用腳蹬車(chē)。方圓數(shù)英里之內(nèi)除了我沒(méi)有其他人，但有蚊子——成千上萬(wàn)的蚊子。我的兩個(gè)胳膊被叮地斑痕累累，看上去就像我五年級(jí)老師上地理課時(shí)用的那張地圖。由于蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬加上基律納到烏默奧這帶偏僻——有些危險(xiǎn)的居民和吉普賽人可能埋伏途中——我決定乘一段火車(chē)，幾百英里后再騎車(chē)上路。

到達(dá)烏默奧后，我重新上了自行車(chē)道。令人驚奇的是，天氣變化很大。當(dāng)氣溫升到90多華氏度時(shí)，我扔掉了我的皮衣。聽(tīng)說(shuō)這是當(dāng)?shù)?00年來(lái)遭遇的最強(qiáng)勁的熱浪。超乎想象的高濕度和高溫度使我精疲力竭。在那段日子里，要保持平均日行60英里真夠嗆。

我穿月斯堪的納維亞荒原的六個(gè)星期充滿了孤獨(dú)和艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。但我堅(jiān)持下來(lái)了。第40天，我如期抵達(dá)了卡爾斯科羅娜。這座美麗的城市座落在波羅的海之濱。雖然我證明了自己具備堅(jiān)持不懈和恪守計(jì)劃的品性，但我懷念有熟人相伴的感覺(jué)。我聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這樣一句瑞典格言：“與人分享的快樂(lè)是雙倍的快樂(lè)。”獨(dú)處時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這真是千真萬(wàn)確。

P39在一個(gè)頻繁分化與組合的社會(huì)，我們希望被他人接受的無(wú)限需求阻礙著我們保持個(gè)性。多麗絲萊辛在《群體心理》一文中指出：“當(dāng)我們處于一個(gè)群體時(shí)，我們趨向于象群體那樣去思考——我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，有了對(duì)群體的歸屬感，我們的思考也由此改變?！贝蠖鄶?shù)人非?？释麣w屬群體，以至到了害怕落單的程度，這就導(dǎo)致了典型的“群體心理”。我很贊同這一觀點(diǎn)。的確，我們經(jīng)常置自身信仰、是非觀于不顧和屈服于群體的服從機(jī)制。雖然我們有必要加入不同的團(tuán)體，但由于不解社交規(guī)則，我們?nèi)纹涠髿⑽覀冏陨淼莫?dú)立性。對(duì)群體心理渾然不覺(jué)的人們注定要深受其害。

我們都像被接納，有歸屬，被他人需要，但要以什么為代價(jià)呢？如果我們能利用我們獲取的有關(guān)自身的大量信息，以進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會(huì)特定群體的含意與規(guī)則，那我們就能在互相交流的同時(shí)仍然保持自己的判斷力。但是，如果缺乏上述認(rèn)識(shí)，要堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)就相當(dāng)困難?？梢韵胂?，大多數(shù)生活在西方世界的人都在人生某個(gè)階段有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷。以下就是因群體壓力而放棄個(gè)人意見(jiàn)的兩個(gè)事例。

據(jù)萊辛描述，很多心理學(xué)家和社會(huì)學(xué)家做過(guò)一個(gè)典型實(shí)驗(yàn)：即要求一組人來(lái)估計(jì)和比較兩截木頭的長(zhǎng)度或大小。這兩截木頭非常相似，但可見(jiàn)細(xì)微差別。研究者將實(shí)驗(yàn)安排告知大多數(shù)人，并要求他們一口咬定這兩截木頭大小一樣。不知情的少數(shù)一兩個(gè)人會(huì)認(rèn)定這兩截木頭有細(xì)微差別。但大多數(shù)人堅(jiān)稱它們是一模一樣的，這使得少數(shù)的受試者感到茫然、甚至生氣，但最終，往往還是就范，承認(rèn)這塊木頭一樣。當(dāng)事人可能會(huì)想，“好吧，這兩截木頭一定是一樣的，要不為什么其他人都如此堅(jiān)決地這么說(shuō)呢？”一如萊辛感嘆的那樣：“世上最困難的事莫過(guò)于在群體中堅(jiān)持自己的意見(jiàn)”。

據(jù)我說(shuō)見(jiàn)，堅(jiān)持已見(jiàn)對(duì)于青少年而言更具挑戰(zhàn)性。作為一所中學(xué)的助教，我每天都看到這樣的事發(fā)生。我有一個(gè)特別的學(xué)生叫比利，他就是屈服于群體壓力而做了一些糟糕的決定。1999年9月，當(dāng)我第一次遇見(jiàn)比利時(shí)，他看起來(lái)不清楚自己該如何行為舉止。當(dāng)時(shí)他努力成為一名好學(xué)生，不吸煙、不喝酒，也不吸毒。形式對(duì)他相當(dāng)有利。后來(lái)，他遇到邁克和喬，這兩個(gè)孩子不怎么規(guī)矩。比利立馬同他們混在了一起。其實(shí)，把他爭(zhēng)取過(guò)去的就是群眾心理。

如此看來(lái)，我們作為群體的一份子，都受到群體的極大影響，這種影響強(qiáng)大得讓我們難以置信。正如上述兩個(gè)事例所探討的那樣，我們都受害于群體服從機(jī)制。問(wèn)題在于，我們目前對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象還沒(méi)有察覺(jué)。不管是受群體影響做出有悖自我判斷的選擇，還是自己明白事理時(shí)卻被說(shuō)服，以致指黑為白，很少有人能夠逃脫群體心理?？傊?，萊辛竭力強(qiáng)調(diào)，“我們?nèi)允侨后w動(dòng)物，這點(diǎn)無(wú)可厚非。但危險(xiǎn)并不在于我們歸屬一個(gè)或多個(gè)群體，而在于我們不理解那些掌控群體也掌控著我們的社交規(guī)則?！?/p>