第一篇：12月英語四級語法考點大全

12月英語四級語法考點匯總

【導語】你可以創(chuàng)造未來的方式，就是腳踏實地向前走。你的未來也只有自己才能創(chuàng)造，既然選擇了就要毫不猶豫的堅持走下去。以下是東星資源網為大家整理的“12月英語四級語法考點匯總”，歡迎閱讀參考！

【篇一】12月英語四級語法考點匯總

much可修飾哪些詞語

一、much修飾比較級

修飾比較是副詞much的常見用法，“much + 比較級”的意思是“更……”“……得多”。如：

It‘s much colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。

It was much worse than I thought.它比我想像的還要糟得多。

We will be a much better football team next year.明年我們將會成為一支更好的足球隊。

二、much修飾級

much修飾級應置于級前的定冠詞之前，而不是之后。“much + the + 級”的意思是“最最……”“絕對是最……”。如：

This is much the most difficult.這是最最難的。

That‘s much the best plan.那絕對是的計劃。

Of the three boys Nick is much the cleverest.這三個男孩中，尼克最最聰明。

三、much修飾形容詞的原級

much修飾形容詞原級的情形主要見于那些由過去分詞轉化來的形容詞。如：

I was much annoyed.我很不高興。

She wasn‘t much surprised.她并不太驚訝。

注：有個別非分詞轉化來的形容詞有時也可用much修飾，但這種用法很有限，通常只見于good，different等少數幾個形容詞。如：

I don‘t think this battery is much good.我并不認為這種電池非常好。

The new school isn‘t much different from the old one.新學校與老學校區(qū)別不太大。

四、much修飾副詞too

much too 為習語，其中的much修飾副詞too；much too可視為too的加強說法，其語氣比單獨用too更強。如：

He spoke much too fast.他說話說得太快了。

This is much too heavy for you to lift.這東西太重，你拿不起來。

注意：much too與too much詞序不同，用法也不同。從句法功能上看，much too的用法與too相同，但比too的語氣更強；而too much在用法上則與much相同，但比much 語氣更強。比較：

He drives much too fast.他開車開得太快了。

The shoes are much too small for me.這鞋子我穿太小了。

There is too much rain.雨水太多了。

You have given me too much.你已經給我太多了。

五、much修飾介詞短語

much主要用于修飾由like，in，to等少數介詞所構成的介詞短語。如：

The baby doesn‘t look much like you.這嬰兒長得不大像你。

They‘re very much in love with each other.他們彼此在熱戀中。

Much to my surprise，she did it by herself.讓我極為驚訝的是，這竟然是她自己做的。

六、much修飾動詞

much修飾動詞時，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，一般不能用于肯定句中（除非前面有very，too，so等之類的修飾語）。如：

正：She doesn‘t like him much.（用于否定句，故正確）

正：She doesn‘t much like him.（用于否定句，故正確）

正：Does she like him much?（用于疑問句，故正確）

正：Does she much like him?（用于疑問句，故正確）

正：She likes him very [too，so] much.（其前有修飾語，故正確）

注意以下誤句：

誤：She likes him much./ She much likes him.（因為它用于肯定句，且其前沒有修飾語，故不正確）

但是，不帶修飾語的much有時也能在肯定句中修飾動詞，但這通常只限于 admire，affect，appreciate，dislike，enjoy，look forward to，prefer，regret等少數動詞，且much通常只能放在句中，不放在句末。如：

We much appreciate your invitation.我們非常感激你的邀請。

We would much prefer to be given money.我們還是更喜歡有人給我們錢。

These factors have much affected the building of nuclear plants.這些因素極大地影響了核電站的建立。

七、much修飾as

much as 可視為習語，其意為“雖然”，用法與though相似。如：

Much as I‘d like to help，there isn't a lot I can do.盡管我愿意幫忙，卻沒有很多事我能做。

Much as he admired her looks and her manners，he had no wish to marry her.雖說他很欣賞她的外貌和儀態(tài)，他卻無心和她結婚。

八、much修飾the same

much 修飾the same，從表面上是加強了the same的語氣，但實際上是緩和了其語氣，其意為“情況大致相同”“幾乎差不多”“沒什么變化”。如：

The patient is much the same this morning.今天早上病人情況幾乎沒什么變化。

Whichever method you use，the result is much the same.不論你用哪一種方法，結果都差不多。

They eat much the same thing for breakfast every day.他們每天吃的早餐幾乎都一樣。

【篇二】12月英語四級語法考點匯總

deep與deeply副詞的區(qū)別

有的與形容詞同形的副詞與以-ly結尾的副詞意義差別不是很大。我們可從以下幾個方面來區(qū)分：

位置不同：

在動詞之前或句首通常只用ly副詞。如：

He slowly drove the car into the garage.他把車慢慢地開進車庫。

Quickly everybody stood up.大家很快地站起來。

但在動詞后，兩種副詞都可用。如：

He drives slow/slowly.他的車開得很慢。

He sold it cheap/cheaply.他將它便宜賣了。

含義不同：

與形容詞同形的副詞通常指具體情況，而-ly副詞多指抽象概念。請比較：

He is sitting close to me.他就坐在我邊上。

Watch closely what I do.仔細瞧我怎么做的。

I went deep into the woods.我深入到樹林中。

Her story moved me deeply.她的故事使我深受感動。

The plane was flying high.這架飛機飛得很高。

He think highly of your work.他對你的工作評價很高。

He opened the door wide.他把門開得大大的。

English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內廣泛使用。

習慣搭配不同：

如：

1.在stand firm（站穩(wěn)）和hold firm（固守）中不用firmly.2.在fair and square（正大光明地）和play fair（公平辦事）中不用fairly.3.在take it easy（別著急），go easy（從容不迫），easier said than done（說來容易做來難），easy come，easy go（易得則易失）等中不用easily.4.在sound asleep（熟睡），wide open（完全開著），wide awake（完全醒了）中不用soundly或widely.【篇三】12月英語四級語法考點匯總

ago與before的用法區(qū)別

1）兩者均可表示在多久時間“以前”（要放在表示一段時間的詞語之后），但有區(qū)別：ago從現在向前回溯，即現在的過去，因此通常與一般過去時連用；而 before則從過去向前回溯，即指過去的過去，因此通常與過去完成時連用（尤其用于賓語從句中）。如：

I bought the computer two years ago.我是兩年前買這臺電腦的。

He said they had left five days before.他說他們 5 天前就離開了。

注：在表示推測或為使語境生動的句子中，有時也可用ago代替before.如：

He must have left a week ago.想必他在一星期前就離開了。

I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago.我原以為他至少在 20 年前就已經去世了。

（2）before 有時單獨使用（即不連用具體時間），泛指一般意義的“以前”，此時可用于一般過去時，也可用于現在完成時。如：

He didn‘t know that before.他以前不知道此事。

I have been there before.我以前去過那兒。

第二篇：2018年大學英語四級語法精要

大學英語四級語法精要

Ⅰ動詞(時態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)1.時態(tài)

1)現在完成進行時態(tài)(have/has been +-ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.2.語態(tài)

1)可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動

詞,常

見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.(你應該曉得速度限制)

2)雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態(tài)

a)雙賓語結構的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.b)賓補結構的被動語態(tài):

She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.3.短語動詞 1)Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late.2)Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral.3)Vi + prep(有被動語態(tài))She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.4)Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their visits.5)Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6)Vt + adv + O(無被動語態(tài))I am trying to give up smoking.7)Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement.4.省略

1)在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.a)Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.b)If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver)necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.2）在以than a)或 as b)引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.a)He told me not to use more material than(it is)necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.b)They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people(did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.3）錯誤的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.5.一致

1)如果主語是單數,盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引導的短語,謂語動詞仍舊用單數形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.2)代詞作主語時的一致

a)each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構成的復合代詞,都作單數看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you? b)some, few, both, many 等作復數

c)some 可后接復數,也可接單數,表示某一.none作復數看待時較多,但也有時作單數看待,主要看說話人腦中聯系想到的是復數還是單數概念, 但none 在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數: None of the books are easy enough for us None of us seem to have thought of it.None(= not a single one)of us has got a camera.None(= nobody)has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接復數,也可接不可數名詞(all of the?, most of the ?), 動詞用單數.3)由and 或 both? and 連接名詞詞組時, 后用復數;由not only?but(also), either?or, neither?nor或 or 連接的并列主語, 謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.如果一個句子是由there 或here引導, 而主語又不止一個, 謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.4)people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽), militia(民兵)等通常都用作復數.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.有些集體名詞有時作單數看待, 有時作復數看待, 主要根據意思來決定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.有些名詞單復數同形, 可根據意思決定謂語動詞的數: This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.5)表示時間, 重量, 長度, 價值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復數形式, 如果作整體看待, 動詞也可用單數形式(當然用復數動詞也是可以的): Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.6)其他問題

a)書名, 國家名用單數: Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.b)學科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數.c)many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數形式: Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.a number of 后接復數, the number of后接單數: A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.d)one of those 后用單數.在“one of + 復數名詞 +關系分句”結構中，關系分句中謂語動詞的單復數形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據先行詞采用復數形式：

Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.當one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關系分句謂語動詞根據one 而定，即采用單數形式：

He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.Ⅱ 非謂語動詞

1.不定式

1)形式 主動形式 被動形式

to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing

一般式 完成式 進行式

完成進行式 to have been doing

a)完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動作, 通常與主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生, 或是在它之后發(fā)生.假如不定式所表示的動作, 在謂語所表示的動作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother(= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比較: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.b)進行式: 如果主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時, 不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時要用不定式的進行式.You are not supposed to be working.You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.c)完成進行式: 在謂語所表示的時間之前一直進行的動作, 就要用不定式的完成進行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.d)被動式: 當不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.2)功用: 不定式可以作主語(a), 賓語(b), 表語(c), 定語(d)或是狀語(e).a.To scold her would not be just.b.We are planning to build a reservoir here.c.One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d.Do you have anything to declare? e.We have come to learn from you.3)不帶to 的不定式:

a)在“動詞+ 賓語+不定式”結構中, 如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意義的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結構不帶to.John made her tell him everything.這類結構轉換為被動語態(tài)時, 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.b)在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might(just)as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動詞不定式也不帶to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.c)在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不帶to的動詞不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.d)在動詞help(或help +賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.Can I help(to)lift this heavy box?

e)在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.f)連詞 rather than, sooner than 置于句首時, 其后的不定式不帶to.Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.出現在句中其他位置時, 其后的不定式有時帶to, 有時不帶to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.g)用作補語的動詞不定式, 如果主語是由“all + 關系分句”，“thing +關系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結構”等構成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時，作為主語補語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is(to)spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the form The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.4)不定式的其他用法

a)too?to 結構通常表示否定意義: She was too young to understand all that.enough?to結構則表示肯定意義: She was not old enough to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義: He’s only too pleased to help her.so?as(to)這種結構也可用不定式作狀語: Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.b)如果要說明不定是表示的動作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語: It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時, 不定式前可加一個of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況: It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is)Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.2.V+ing形式(現在分詞及動名詞)1)形式

a)完成式: 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動名詞的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些動詞后(或成語中), 常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式, 盡管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.現在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 獨立結構也可用現在分詞的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.b)被動式: 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時, 動名詞一般要用被動形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞后, 盡管表示的是被動的意思, 卻用動名詞的主動形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣.Her method is worth trying.現在分詞的被動式可以用來作定語, 賓語補足語, 狀語及用于獨立結構中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.c)完成被動式: 如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生, 有時需要用動名詞的完成被動式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多數情況下都避免使用這一形式, 而用一般被動形式代替, 以免句子顯得累贅.現在分詞的完成被動式一般用來作狀語或用于獨立結構中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.2)句法功用

a)作主語: Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.b)作賓語: Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.c)作介詞賓語: 動名詞作介詞賓語用的時候最多.它?？梢杂迷谀承┏烧Z后面, 常見的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect?of, accuse?of, charge?with, hear of, approve of, prevent?from, keep?from, stop?from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get(be)used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel(be)ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.d)作表語: The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.動名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語.一般說來, 在表示抽象的一般的行為時多用動名詞;在表示具體某詞動作, 特別是將來的動作時, 多用不定式.e)作賓語補足語: 分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等動詞后作賓語補足語.The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等動詞后, 及可用現在分詞, 也可用不定式構成賓語補足語.用現在分詞時, 表示動作正在發(fā)生, 用不定式時表示動作發(fā)生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did.I heard him knock three times.f)作狀語: 現在分詞作狀語時, 通常都表示主語正在進行的另一動作, 來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.現在分詞短語有時可以用作狀語表示原因, 相當于一個表示原因的狀語從句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.現在分詞短語有時可用作時間狀語, 相當于when引起的從句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.如果兩個動作是完全同時發(fā)生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結構.Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.3)前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結構: 一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞(或名詞的所有格結構), 來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind my reading your paper? They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子開頭, 這個結構常?？梢杂妹~的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.4)只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

5)既可用動名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語的動詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.有時兩種結構之間意義差別不大, 有時卻有不同的意思.在remember, regret, want, try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.She doesn’t want(need)to come.The house wants(needs)cleaning.We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.6)懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語時, 表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態(tài).Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.(walking是we的動作, 正確)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful.(錯誤)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(正確)Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen.(錯誤)3.分詞

1)意義: 過去分詞通常來自及物動詞, 帶有被動意義和完成意義;而現在分詞有的來自及物動詞, 有的來自不及物動詞, 通常帶有主動意義和未完成意義.frozen food

a freezing wind a boring journey a losing battle a bored traveller a lost cause

a conquered army a conquering army a finished article the spoken word a closed shop a recorded talk

來自不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨用作前置修飾語, 能作這樣用的僅限于下面幾個詞, 僅表示完成意義, 不表示被動意義.the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students，the last finishing touch a speaking bird the closing hour a recording machine retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors 用作后置修飾語的過去分詞一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分, 在意義上相當于關系分句.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.2)句法作用

a)作定語: distinguished guest 貴賓, unknown heroes 無名英雄, armed forces武裝部隊, canned food罐頭食品, boiled water開水, steamed bread饅頭, stricken area災區(qū)

分詞還可構成合成詞作定語: simply-furnished room陳設簡單的房間, clear-cut answer明確的答復, highly-developed industry高度發(fā)展的工業(yè), heartfelt thanks衷心的感謝, hand-made goods手工制品, man-made satellite人造衛(wèi)星

b)作補足語: 可以帶過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有: see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞.I saw the students assembled in the hall.We found her greatly changed.make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意義的動詞: I have my hair cut every ten days.She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意義的動詞: I don’t want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal.He won’t like such questions(to be)discussed at the meeting.c)過去分詞短語常用作狀語, 修飾謂語, 很多都說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況.Guided by these principles, they went on with the work, Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.過去分詞短語也可作狀語表示原因, 相當于一個表示原因的狀語從句.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.有時也可說明動作發(fā)生的時間, 相當于一個表示時間的狀語從句.This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production.間或也可表示一個假設的情況, 相當于一個條件從句.Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.偶爾也可用來代替一個“讓步”狀語從句.Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years.d)獨立結構: 在用分詞短語作狀語時, 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一.致.但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語, 這種結構稱為獨立結構, 一般表示一種伴隨的動作或情況.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.有時可以表示時間: Late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.表示原因: Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.條件: All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.Ⅲ 虛擬語氣

1.that從居中:

1)wish, would rather(sooner), had better: I wish I were as strong as you.I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.I wish I remembered the address.I would rather they came tomorrow(you had gone there too).I had rather(that)you told him than I did.2)suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動詞后的賓語從句: The commander ordered that all civilians(should)be evacuated.He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.She urged that he write and accept the post.3)it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結構后的主語從句中.It was arranged that they leave the following week It will be better that we meet some other time.4)suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語從句和同位語從句: His sole requirement is(was)that thy system be adjusted.2.在某些句型中

1)it is time that It is time that we went(或should go)to bed.It is high time we(should)put an end to this controversy.2)as if(though)引起的從句: They talked(are talking)as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was(were)spring today.He acts(acted)as if(though)he were(was)an expert.3)以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時謂語多用 should +動詞原形): He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that(或lest)he should catch cold.I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.4)以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時, 謂語多用may加動詞原形構成): Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.Come what may, we will go ahead.干下去.I accept that he is old and frail;be that as it may, he’s still a good politician.我承認他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優(yōu)秀的政治家.3.條件句

1)虛擬條件句主要有下面兩類:

a)表示現在及將來情況(表示純然假設或實現的可能性不大的情況): 謂語主要形式如下(be多用were這個形式): 從句 主句 過去式 would + 動詞原形

不管發(fā)生什么情況, 我們都要If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.b)表示過去情況的虛擬條件句(與事實完全相反的假設情況), 謂語主要形式如下:

從句 主句 had + 過去分詞 would have + 過去分詞

She would have come if we had invited her.If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake, You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.2)有時候, 條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作, 發(fā)生的時間是不一致的(如一個是過去發(fā)生的, 一個是現在發(fā)生的).這時, 動詞的形式要根據表示的時間來調整.這種句子可以稱為錯綜時間條件句.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.3)有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示, 而是通過一個介詞短語來表示.Without music, the world would be a dull place.We could have done better under more favorable conditions.That would have been considered miraculous in the past.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.4)如果條件句從句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有時可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主語前面.Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.Should there be a flood, what should we do? Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Ⅳ 介詞

1.合成介詞和復雜介詞

1)合成介詞: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without

2)復雜介詞: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等

2.介詞在句末:

This is what he is interested in.Does everyone has a seat to sit on?

3.名詞加介詞(n + prep)1)某些名詞之后要求用某些介詞: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for 2)某些名詞之前要求用某些介詞: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight

4.動詞加介詞

1)Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon 2)Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等 3)Vi + adv + prep:

I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.The family came up against fresh problems.You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.4)Vt + O + adv +prep:

You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.5.形容詞加介詞

about---anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc at---awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etc for---convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from---evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc of---apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc on---dependent, keen, intent, etc to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc with---awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc Ⅴ 連詞 1.并列連詞

1)表示意義的引申: and, both?and, not only?but(also), as well as, and ?as well, neither?nor 2)表示選擇: or, either?or 3)表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)4)表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence 2.從屬連詞

1)表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once 2)表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that 3)表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition(that)，4)表示其他關系:(al)though, than, as/so?as, lest, in order that, so?that

Ⅵ 定語從句

1.限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞詞組不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確;非限制性定語從句屬于補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.2.定語從句的引導詞

1)that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that(作主語時用who較多).如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.Here is the man(whom)you’ve been looking for.He is a man(that)you can safely depend on.The people(who/that)you were talking to were Swedes.There are some people here who I want you to meet.但在介詞后只能用whom: This is the man to whom I referred.但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子后面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? Have you met the person(that)he was speaking about

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.The girl(who/that)I spoke to is my cousin.2)限制性定語從句如果修飾“物”, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which..當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時): Have you everything you need?(Is there)anything I can do for you? All you have to do is to press the button.在介詞后只能用which, 在口語中一般都把介詞放到從句后部去, 這時可以用that, 但省略的時候更多一些: The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.The tool(that)he is working with is called a wrench.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.This is the question(that)we’ve had so much discussion about.定語從句一般是修飾名詞或代詞的, 但間或也可以修飾整個句子a), 或是句子的一部分 b), 引導詞用which: a)They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted

b)When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.3)whose: 在表示“．．．的”這個概念時, 可用所有格 whose;whose 用于指物, 有時可與of which交替使用, 通常的詞序是 名詞詞組 + of which:

Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.(…the purpose of which was…)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(…whose name I’ve…)

of which前的名詞詞組也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基數詞擔任;這些詞也能用在 of whom之前.The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.4)關系副詞 when, where, why: 它們的含義相當于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它們之間有交替使用的可能.The day when he was born…

The office where he works…

有時可用that替代關系副詞, 在口語中that 可省略.Every time(that)the telephone rings, he gets nervous.at which he works… which he works at…

on which he was born…

which he was born on… This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.Do you know anywhere(that)I can get a drink? This is the place(where)we met yesterday.That is the reason(why)he did it.在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口語中that也可省略.This is the way(that/in which)he did it.That’s the way I look at it.3.如果定語從句中謂語為 there is, 作主語的關系代詞也?？墒〉? I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.This is the fastest train(that)there is to Nanjing.4.定語從句的簡化: 定語從句與不定式結構,-ing分詞結構,-ed分詞結構以及無動詞分句等有著轉換關系.He was the only one to realize the danger(= who realized the danger).The woman driving the car(= who was driving the car)indicated that she was going to turn left.The man injured by the bullet(= who was injured by the bullet)was taken to hospital.All the women present(= who were present)looked up in alarm.Ⅶ 倒裝

1.全部倒裝和部分倒裝: 如果謂語在主語前面, 就是倒裝語序.倒裝語序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝.在全部倒裝的句子中, 整個謂語都放在主語的前面:

Here are some registered letters for you.In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒裝的句子中只是謂語中的一部分(如助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞, 或系動詞be等)放在主語前面, 其余部分仍在主語后面: Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.I couldn’t answer the question.Nor could anyone else in our class.Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.2.以neither, nor, so等開始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句), 助動詞或be置于主語前.“We must start for the work-site now”.“ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didn’t drop any hint.Nor(Neither)did his secretary.“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor(Neither)will I.”

如果一個句子只是重復前面一句話的意思, 盡管是用so開頭, 語序也不要顛倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”

3.當句首狀語為 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定詞或有否定意義的詞語時, 一般引起部分倒裝.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.4.表示位置或方向的副詞提前, 謂語動詞為 go, come等表示位置轉移的動作動詞而主語又較長時, 通常用全部倒裝: There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus!Now comes your turn.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序: There comes your turn.有here引起, 謂語為be的句子, 也要倒裝: Here is China’s largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序: Here we are.This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”

5.表語和系動詞提前:

a)介詞短語: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.b)形容詞: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.c)副詞: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.d)分詞: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.6)句首狀語若由 only + 副詞，only + 介詞詞組, only + 狀語

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an interpreter.從句構成, 引起局部倒裝:

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only開頭的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒裝: Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.Ⅷ 比較級和最高級

1.無比較級和最高級的形容詞及副詞: complete, perfect, utter, etc

2.比較從句

1)as…as, almost/just/nearly as…as, not so/as …as: We’ll give you as much help as we can.I haven’t made as much progress as I should.We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.My command of English is not half so(as)good as yours.2)than, so much/a lot more than, no more… than, not more…than, less than more?than, less?than可表示“與其說?不如說?”: He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級 + than”所表示的可以是該形容詞或副詞的相反的含義: no rich than = as poor as no bigger than = as small as no later than = as early as John is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.3)the more? the more(越是?就越?)Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.4)more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 當as much of a?as, more/less of a ?than等結構與單數可數名詞搭配時, 名詞只能置于比較結構中間.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.Ⅸ 名詞性從句: 名詞性從句包括主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句, 同位語從句.1.主語從句有三類: a)由what等代詞引導的主語從句: what表示“?所?的(東西)”, 在結構上等于一個名詞加一個定語從句;whatever表示“所?的一切”;whoever表示“一切?的人”.What you need is more practice What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.b)由連詞that引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句在大多數情況下都放到句子后部去, 而用代詞it做形式上的主語: That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here.在口語中連詞that有時可以省略掉: It’s good you’re so considerate.It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.c)由連接代詞或連接副詞(或whether)引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主語.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.2賓語從句: 和主語從句及表語從句一樣, 賓語從句也有以上三類.a)連接代詞或副詞引導的從句只是在某些動詞后能用作賓語.Tell me what you want.I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟這類賓語從句的常見動詞有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等.這種動詞后也常用whether或if引導的從與作賓語:

這種從句有時前面可以有另一個賓語: Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting? I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.Please advise me which book I should read first.有時這種從句也可用作及詞的賓語: Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b)用that引導的從句作賓語的情形最為普遍, 在很多動詞如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑問式后面都可以用它.Ⅹ 情態(tài)動詞:

1.may/might表示允許和可能:

a)允許: 詢問或說明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question? You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might as well speak your mind.(比may?顯得婉轉一些)

b)可能: 表示一件事或許發(fā)生(或是某種情況可能會存在).You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they might not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.c)might 表示請求: Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?(比May I ?更客氣一些)

2.can’t, couldn’t表示否定的推測: She can’t be serious.A more suitable book can’t be found.(It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)He couldn’t(can’t)be over fifty.3.should, ought to: 表示應該做的事, ought to比should口氣稍重一些.You should(ought to)do as he says.You shouldn’t(oughtn’t to)talk like that.但這兩者間也有一些差別, 在表示責任, 義務等該做的事情時, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做時, 多用should, 在下面的句子中這兩

第三篇：大學英語四級?？颊Z法總結

大學英語四級?？颊Z法總結

一、虛擬語氣。應著重復習能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往采用“should+動詞原形”;虛擬倒裝句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用適當形式表達主觀愿望;混合虛擬句。

二、獨立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，其中一個分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨立主格結構。兩種結構都做狀語，不同的是獨立主格結構有自己的邏輯主語。

三、時態(tài)。英語中共有16個時態(tài)。四級考試中出現最多的是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。

四、名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點，用什么引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什么成分，從句的語序等均有可能成為考點。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應適當復習。

五、主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據實際情況判斷謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語時謂語動詞多采用復數形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and連接的成分表單一概念時謂語動詞用單數;就近原則：主語中含有某些連詞(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)時，謂語動詞的數同第一個主語保持一致。

六、倒裝結構。分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區(qū)別，as在倒裝結構中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應當重視的地方。

七、非謂語動詞。①根據非謂語動詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關系，確定使用主動語態(tài)或被動語態(tài)，然后考慮采用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過去分詞;②非謂語動詞同主句謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的先后關系。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發(fā)生或不分先后發(fā)生的用現在現在分詞一般式或過去分詞;在主句謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后的多用不定式一般式;③表狀態(tài)多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。

第四篇：大學英語四級七種語法特點介紹篇

2012大學英語四級考試語法基礎精講:大學英語四級七種語法特點介紹篇

在歷年詞匯與結構的題中語法部分約占40%，詞匯部分約占60%，而且多有交叉。總的來說語法題主要有以下考點：虛擬語氣。強調說話人的主觀愿望和假想情況。考生應著重復習能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest，incase，otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令、緊要等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往采用“should+動詞原形”;虛擬倒裝句;在wouldrather，wish，asif，it?stimethat等句型中使用適當形式表達主觀愿望;混合虛擬句。

2.主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據實際情況判斷謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語時謂語動詞多采用復數形式，如people，poultry，militia等;用and連接的成分表單一概念時謂語動詞用單數;就近原則：主語中含有某些連詞(如aswellas，besides，inadditionto等)時，謂語動詞的數同第一個主語保持一致。

3.倒裝結構。表示強調或突出，分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區(qū)別，as在倒裝結構中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應當重視的地方。

4.非謂語動詞。這是詞匯與結構考試中語法部分的重中之重，解題時可以從三個方面入手：①根據非謂語動詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關系，確定使用主動語態(tài)或被動語態(tài)，然后考慮采用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過去分詞;②非謂語動詞同主句謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的先后關系。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發(fā)生或不分先后發(fā)生的用現在現在分詞一般式或過去分詞;在主句謂語動詞之前發(fā)生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后的多用不定式一般式;③表狀態(tài)多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。

5.獨立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，其中一個分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨立主格結構。這兩種結構都做狀語，不同的是獨立主格結構有自己的邏輯主語。

6.時態(tài)。英語中一共有16個時態(tài)，最常用的5個時態(tài)是一般現在時、現在進行時、一般過去式、一般將來時和現在完成時。四級考試中出現最多的考點是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。針對這一題型，考生首先要抓住的就是時間狀語，是現在時間、將來時間還是過去時間?是短暫時間還是延續(xù)性時間?

7.名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點，用什么引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什么成分(做賓語、主語還是狀語等)，從句的語序等等均有可能成為考點。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應適當復習。

喜歡就頂

第五篇：2014年成人英語三級語法考點

2014年成人英語三級語法考點

1考點一：

復數原則：兩個或者兩個以上的名詞由and連接作主語時，或主語由both … and … 連接時，謂語動詞一般用復數。

如：Both reading and writing are very important.(讀寫都很重要。)

注意：當主語由and連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。(考查重點)例如：

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。(鋼鐵表示同一概念)

The playwright and director was present at the party last night.編劇兼導演出席了昨晚的宴會。(指同一個人)

=>試比較： The playwright and the director were present at the party last night.編劇和導演都出席了昨晚的宴會(指兩個人)

考點二：

就近原則： 由 either … or …;neither … nor …;not only…but also…;…or …;there be …等引導的主語，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。

Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.不單是學生，他們的老師也被邀請到宴會。

Either you or she is to go.不是你去，就是她去。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

考點三：

就遠原則：當主語是由with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。

例如：

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。

My mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.我母親，還有我的兩個哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。

考點四：動名詞、不定式、名詞性從句做主語時，謂語用單數。

What I said and did is of no concern to you.我所說的與所做的與你沒有關系。

Reading three classical novels is an assignment for the students during the holiday.閱讀三篇古典小說是學生們的假期作業(yè)。

To see is to believe.眼見為實

考點五：表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體概念，謂語一般用單數。

One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.一百美元對窮人來說是一筆大數目。

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.用三個星期來做必要的準備。

考點六：many a, more than one + 單數可數名詞，盡管表示復數意義，但謂語仍用單數。

Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。

More than one stranger agrees with me.許多陌生人同意我的看法。

考點七：由 every …and every …;each … and each…;no … and no…;many a …and many a … 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用單數。

Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me.在此工作的每一為男士和女士都與我相處很好。

No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him.沒有什么困難或挫折可以打敗他。

考點八：用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of , the majority of等引起主語時，謂語動詞的數通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：

Most of his money is spent on books.他大部分的錢花在書上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大部分學生積極參加體育運動。

The majority of the students like English.大部分學生喜歡英語。

考點九：由some，any, no，every 構成的復合詞如somebody, nothing, nobody, anything, everybody等不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數;由each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主語時，謂語動詞用單數;由either, neither, each, every修飾名詞作主語時，謂語動詞也用單數。如：

Each of us has a tape-recorder.我們每人都有錄音機。

Neither is satisfactory.兩者都不令人滿意。