第一篇：國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語詞匯總結(jié)

1、Industrialized countries:工業(yè)化國家

2、Quotas:配額

3、Capital investments:資本投資

4、Deficits:赤字

5、Non-industrial countries:非工業(yè)化國家

6、Infant industries:幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)

7、Consumer goods:消費品

8、Capital goods:資本貨物

9、Economic warfare:經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)

10、Exchange rate:匯率

11、National treatment:國民待遇

12、Most-favored-nation treatment:最惠國待遇

13、National discrimination:國別歧視

14、Import tariff:進口關稅

15、Non-tariff barriers:非關稅壁壘

16、Portfolio investment:證券投資

17、Direct investment:直接投資

18、Foreign aid policy:對外援助政策

19、Government grants:政府撥款 20、Recipient countries:接受國

21、Surplus:順差

22、Deflating:通貨緊縮

23、Devaluing:貨幣貶值

24、Revaluing:貨幣升值

25、Exchange controls:外匯管制

26、Embargo:禁運

27、Import license:進口許可證

28、Stock:股票

29、Bond:債券 30、Securities:有價證券

31、Multinational company:跨國公司

32、Licensing:許可證貿(mào)易

33、Franchising:特許經(jīng)營

34、Joint ventures:合資

35、Wholly-owned subsidiaries:全資子公司

36、Marketing mix:市場營銷組合

37、Channels of distribution:經(jīng)銷渠道

38、Agencies:代理商

39、Licenser:許可人 40、Patents:專利

41、Trademarks:商標

42、Copyright:版權

43、Know-how:專有技術

44、Licensee:受許可人45、46、47、48、49、50、Royalties:使用權費 Franchisor:特許人 Franchisee:被特許人 Parent company:母公司

Distribution network:銷售網(wǎng)絡 Product liability:產(chǎn)品責任

51、Majority-owned subsidiaries控股子公司

52、Warranty: 質(zhì)保

53、Barter:易貨貿(mào)易

54、Buy-back:回購貿(mào)易

55、Compensation:補償交易

56、Breakdown of the accounts:賬戶明細表

57、Balance-of-payments account:收支平衡賬戶表

58、outsourcing:業(yè)務外包

59、Dividends:分紅

60、Controlling shareholder:控股股東

61、Long-term portfolio investment:長期證券投資 62、Treasury bills:國庫券

63、Commercial paper:商業(yè)票據(jù) 64、Certificates of deposit:定期存單 65、Debit:借方 66、Credit:貸方

67、Double-entry bookkeeping:復式記賬法 68、International Trade Barriers國際貿(mào)易壁壘 69、Import tariff進口關稅

70、Non-tariff trade barriers:非關稅壁壘 71、A tariff:(or customs duty)關稅 72、A customs area關稅區(qū) 73、Customs union關稅同盟 74、An ad valorem duty從價稅 75、A specific duty從量稅 76、Compound duty復合稅 77、Dutiable list應稅名單

78、Compensatory duty補償型關稅 79、Import quotas進口配額 80、Import licenses進口許可證 81、Tariff quotas關稅配額

82、Price discrimination價格歧視 83、Sporadic dumping偶發(fā)性傾銷 84、Predatory dumping掠奪性傾銷 85、Persistent dumping持續(xù)性傾銷 86、Subsidy補貼

87、Customs classification海關分類 88、Customs valuation海關估價

89、MFN treatment（most-favoured-nation treatment）最惠國待遇 90、National treatment國民待遇

91、Anti-trust反托拉斯的，反壟斷的 92、Incoterms國際貿(mào)易術語 93、Freight charges運費 94、Freight貨物運輸 95、Arbitration仲裁 96、Mark嘜頭 97、Discount折扣 98、Carrier承運人

99、Bill of Lading（B/L）提單 100、Commercial invoice商業(yè)發(fā)票 101、Intellectual property知識產(chǎn)權 102、Quotation報盤 103、Contract合同 104、Counteroffer還盤 105、Acceptance接受報盤 106、Commission傭金 107、Letter of credit信用證 108、Open account賒賬 109、Prepayment預付

110、Documentary credits跟單信用證 111、Documentary collections跟單托收 112、Bills of Exchange匯票 113、Drawer出票人 114、Drawee付票人 115、Payee收款人

116、Documentary Letter of Credit跟單信用證 117、Documentary collection跟單托收 118、Sight draft即期匯票，見票即付票據(jù) 119、Acceptance credit承兌信用 120、Collecting bank代收銀行 121、Issuing bank開證銀行 122、Advising bank通知銀行 123、Confirming bank保兌銀行 124、Revocable L/C可撤銷信用證

125、Irrevocable L/C不可撤銷的信用證 126、Beneficiary受益人

127、Anticipatory L/C預支信用證 128、Revolving L/C循環(huán)信用證 129、Standby L/C備用信用證

130、Transferable L/C可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證 131、Bill of exchange匯票 132、Promissory note本票 133、Clean collection光票托收 134、Sight draft即期匯票

135、Remitting bank匯出行，寄單行 136、Logistics物流

137、Freight Forwarder貨運代理人 138、Cargo space貨倉 139、Unit load單元裝載 140、Bulk Freight散貨運輸 141、Groupage零星貨混裝運輸 142、Act of God不可抗力 143、Intermediary中間商

144、Insurance broker保險經(jīng)紀人 145、Customs broker 海關經(jīng)紀人

146、Freight All Kinds（FAK）品目無差別運費 147、Palletized freight托盤式運輸

148、The ECSI（Export Cargo Shipping Instructions）裝運說明149、Inter-modal transport多式聯(lián)運 150、Door-to-door delivery門到門交貨

第二篇：國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語整理

可能出翻譯

(1)FOB: Free on Board(…named port of shipment)

裝運港船上交貨（……指定裝運港）“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail at the

named port of shipment.（2）CFR: Cost and Freight(…named port of destination)成本加運費（……指定目的港）

“Cost and Freight” means that the seller is responsible for chartering a liner and loading the goods on the liner at the stipulated time in the contract.（3）CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination)成本、保險加運費（……指定目的港）

“Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the obligations to procure marine insurance against the risks of losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage.1.The theory ofcomparative advantage

Although Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?

盡管斯密的著作在貿(mào)易和生產(chǎn)相關的經(jīng)濟理論上有指導意義，但他沒有回答類似于一個國家若沒有絕對優(yōu)勢能否貿(mào)易這樣的問題。

David Ricardo(1772-1823), in his 1819 work entitled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, sought to take the basis ideas set down by Smith a few steps further.Ricardo noted that even if a country possessed absolute advantage in the production of two products, it still must be relatively more efficient than the other country in the production of one commodity than the other.Ricardo termed this the Comparative Advantage.大衛(wèi).李嘉圖在1819年的作品《政治經(jīng)濟學及賦稅原理》，試圖在斯密觀點基礎上進行更深一步挖掘，李嘉圖表示即使一個國家在生產(chǎn)兩種產(chǎn)品時有絕對優(yōu)勢，但相對另一個國家生產(chǎn)同類產(chǎn)品它依然有相對較高效率的產(chǎn)品，李嘉圖把這稱之為比較優(yōu)勢。

2.Definition

a.According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods from other countries that it produces less efficiently, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢理論，一個國家專注于生產(chǎn)那些有較高效率的產(chǎn)品何從其他國家購買本國生產(chǎn)效率相對較低的產(chǎn)品，即使這意味著從國外購買更高效率的產(chǎn)變得合情合理。b.A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the

opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.就產(chǎn)品而言，如果一個國家生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品相比其他國家有更低機會成本就稱之為這個國家有比較優(yōu)勢。

3.Chief points of view

a.Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).每個國家在生產(chǎn)一兩種產(chǎn)品上有比較優(yōu)勢，一個生產(chǎn)效率相對較低的國家應專業(yè)化出口相對來說具有優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。

b.The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.一個相對生產(chǎn)效率較高的國家應專注看相對生產(chǎn)效率更高（絕對優(yōu)勢最大的）產(chǎn)品，這樣兩類國家都能從完全專業(yè)化的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易中獲利。

c.Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.根據(jù)李嘉圖的觀點，絕對生產(chǎn)效率并不是控制國際貿(mào)易基礎一個關鍵因素。李嘉圖模型或相對比較優(yōu)勢的原理是今天經(jīng)濟理論中最著名的也是最有影響力的經(jīng)濟理論。

4.Comparison between the two Theories

a.After comparison we’ll find Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is more advanced than Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.在比較后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)李嘉圖的比較優(yōu)勢理論比斯密的絕對優(yōu)勢理論更先進。

b.According to Smiths view, the product exported by a country must be goods which the exporting country has absolute advantage to produce and the cost of producing it must be absolutely lower than the same good of another country.根據(jù)斯密的觀點，一個國家出口的產(chǎn)品一定是出口該國生產(chǎn)商有絕對優(yōu)勢的相比另一個國家絕對生產(chǎn)成本更低的產(chǎn)品。

c.But David Ricardo took Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage one step further.In his opinion not necessarily every country has to produce all sorts of goods.What a nation should do is to concentrate its efforts and resources on producing those goods which can generate more advantages and bring about less disadvantages.但是李嘉圖是在斯密絕對優(yōu)勢理論的基礎上進一步延伸的。在他看來，每個國家沒必要生產(chǎn)所有類型的產(chǎn)品，一個國家需要做的只是集中精力和資源生產(chǎn)那些有更少劣勢更多優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。

d.Under such conditions international trade would result in international division of labor and specialization beneficial to all countries.In addition, Ricardo particularly stressed labor productivity and argued that differences in labor productivity between nations underlie the notion of comparative advantage.在這些條件下，國際貿(mào)易會產(chǎn)生國際勞動、專業(yè)分工，對所有國家都有利，除此之外，李嘉圖特別強調(diào)，不同國家勞動分工、生產(chǎn)差異構成的比較優(yōu)勢。

e.Despite the differences between the two theories they have something in common.Both Smith and Ricardo emphasized the supply side of the market and the fact that the immediate basis for trade stemmed from cost differences.Actually Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage was developed on the basis of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.盡管這兩個理論有差異但也存在共性。李嘉圖和斯密都強調(diào)了市場的供給

方，貿(mào)易基礎根源于生產(chǎn)成本的差異，確切的說，李嘉圖的相對比較優(yōu)勢理論是在史密斯的絕對優(yōu)勢理論的基礎上發(fā)展起來的。

5.A questiontodiscuss

A professor is prepared to write a book.He is faster both in writing and collecting data than others.Suppose that he need 1 year to write a book, 4 months to collect data.And the student need 2 years to write a book, 6 months to collect data.But the professor paidto his students for collecting datafor him instead of collecting data himself.Explain the reason.一個教授準備寫一本書，他在寫書和收集書籍上都比別人快，假設他需要一年去寫一本書，四個月收集數(shù)據(jù)，學生需要兩年寫一本書，六個月收集數(shù)據(jù)，但是教授支付費用給他的學生請學生代替他自己收集數(shù)據(jù)，請解釋理由。

相對學生來說，教授在寫書有比較優(yōu)勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數(shù)據(jù)上更有優(yōu)勢。在寫書有比較優(yōu)勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數(shù)據(jù)上更有優(yōu)勢。

可能出簡答題

1.What is the foundation of the world trade?

（1）In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self sufficient.（2）Nations have utilized different economic resources;people have developed different skills.（3）As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.2.What are the major views of the theory of absolute advantage?

Nations could concentrate their production on goods they could make most cheaply, with all the consequent benefits of the division of labor.Smith used some suppositions to explain his principle of absolute advantage.it was far better for a country to import goods that could be produced overseasmore efficiently than to manufacture them itself.Countries would import goods in the production of which they had an absolute disadvantage against the exporting country.They would export goods in the production of which they had an absolute advantage over the importing country.In Smith’s opinion each nation had some sort of absolute advantage in the production of certain goods.If it could specialize in the production of them and then exchange the goods with each other, every country would receive a benefit.3.Make a comparison between the H-O theory and Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage.（1）Main similarity

Like Ricardo’s theory, H-O theory also argues that free trade is beneficial to trading nations.（2）difference

The biggest difference between Ricardo’s trade theory and H-O theory is that, when explaining the basis for trade Ricardo places primary reliance on factor productivity while the H-O theory sheds more light on other important trade issues such as the influence of resource supplies or factor endowment supplies on international specialization and the influence of trade on the distribution of income.To put it in a simple way, unlike Ricardian trade theory which takes factor

productivity difference as the main basis for trade, the H-O theory, in explaining the main reason for trade, delegates primary importance to the factor endowments nations enjoy.4.What is the purpose of the trade terms?

Trade terms are key elements of international contracts of sale, since they tell the parties what to do with respect to:

Delivery terms ；Price terms ；Delivery obligations

(1)Naming the exact point at which the ownership of the merchandise is transferred from the seller to the buyer.(2)Define the responsibilities and expenses of both the seller and the buyer.(3)The use of the trade terms greatly simplifies the contract negotiations, and thus saves time and cost.5.What are the reasons for the popularity of the international competitive bidding?

(a)When public funds is involved, a public agency, through international notification, is bound to offer an equal opportunity to all potential bidders who directly or indirectly contribute to public funds.(b)This competitiveness of bidding results in the most efficient use of public funds.(c)The open bidding procedure serves as a safeguard against waste, corruption and favoritism.6.What are the reasons of the foreign trade?

（1）No nation has all of the commodities that it needs.Raw materials are scattered around the world.Countries that do not have these resources within their own boundaries must buy form countries that export them.（2）Second, foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of particular item to meet its needs.（3）Third, one nation can sell items at a lower cost than other countries.---Comparative Advantage:One country should buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.7.What are the major views of the theory of comparative advantage?(1)Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).（2）The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.（3）Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.8.Illustrate the meaning of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.Although sometimes this theory is also referred to as the Heckscher-Ohlin model or the factor endowment model, more often than not it is called the Heckscher-Ohlin theory or simply the H-O theory.H-O theory is one of the most influential theories in modern international economics according to which international trade is largely driven by differences in countries’ resources(land, labor and capital).9.What is the concept of trade terms?

（1）Trade terms, also called price terms or delivery terms, are an important

component of a unit price in international trade, standing for specific obligations of the buyer and seller.（2）Trade terms are often shorthand expressions or expressed by three-letter abbreviation.10.Shipments are examined to determine what?

（1）Shipment should be made according to the contact terms.（2）Usually, the exporter shall fill in the Shipping Note to book the shipping space or ship.（3）After receiving the Shipping Order(S/O)from the carrier, the exporter may start to ensure the loading of the goods.The exporter should supervise the loading process.（4）After the goods being loaded on board the vessel, the Captain or the Mate will issue a receipt, i.e the Mate’s Receipt.（5）The shipper shall exchangethe Mate’s Receipt for the Bill of Lading from the shipping Agency making payment of freight.（6）After the loading of the goods and the receipt of the B/L, the

exporter should send a Shipping Advice to the importer for the receipt of the goods.

第三篇：國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語

1.The theory ofcomparative advantage

Although Smith’s work was instrumental in the development of economic theories about trade and production, it did not answer a question like if a country did not possess absolute advantage in any product, could it(or would it)trade ?

盡管大衛(wèi)李嘉圖的著作在貿(mào)易和生產(chǎn)相關的經(jīng)濟理論上有指導意義，但他沒有回答類似于一個國家若沒有絕對優(yōu)勢能否貿(mào)易這樣的問題。

David Ricardo(1772-1823), in his 1819 work entitled On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, sought to take the basis ideas set down by Smith a few steps further.Ricardo noted that even if a country possessed absolute advantage in the production of two products, it still must be relatively more efficient than the other country in the production of one commodity than the other.Ricardo termed this the Comparative Advantage.大衛(wèi).李嘉圖在1819年的作品《政治經(jīng)濟學及賦稅原理》，試圖在斯密觀點基礎上進行更深一步挖掘，李嘉圖表示即使一個國家在生產(chǎn)兩種產(chǎn)品時有絕對優(yōu)勢，但相對另一個國家生產(chǎn)同類產(chǎn)品它依然有相對較高效率的產(chǎn)品，李嘉圖把這稱之為比較優(yōu)勢。

2.Definition

a.According to the theory of comparative advantage, it makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods from other countries that it produces less efficiently, even if this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself.根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢理論，一個國家專注于生產(chǎn)那些有較高效率的產(chǎn)品何從其他國家購買本國生產(chǎn)效率相對較低的產(chǎn)品，即使這意味著從國外購買更高效率的產(chǎn)變得合情合理。b.A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the

opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.就產(chǎn)品而言，如果一個國家生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品相比其他國家有更低機會成本就稱之為這個國家有比較優(yōu)勢。

3.Chief points of view

a.Each country would then possess comparative advantage in the production of one of the two products, the less efficient nation should specialize in and export the good in which it is comparatively less inefficient(where its absolute disadvantage is least).每個國家在生產(chǎn)一兩種產(chǎn)品上有比較優(yōu)勢，一個生產(chǎn)效率相對較低的國家應專業(yè)化出口相對來說具有優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。

b.The more efficient nation should specialize in and export that good in which it is comparatively more efficient(where its absolute advantage is greatest).And both countries would then benefit by specializing completely in one product and trading for the other.一個相對生產(chǎn)效率較高的國家應專注看相對生產(chǎn)效率更高（絕對優(yōu)勢最大的）產(chǎn)品，這樣兩類國家都能從完全專業(yè)化的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易中獲利。

c.Absolute productive efficiency was thus not a crucial factor governing the basis for international trade, according to Ricardo.The Ricardian model or principle of comparative advantage is today the most famous and influential principle of economics.根據(jù)李嘉圖的觀點，絕對生產(chǎn)效率并不是控制國際貿(mào)易基礎一個關鍵因素。李嘉圖模型或相對比較優(yōu)勢的原理是今天經(jīng)濟理論中最著名的也是最有影響力的經(jīng)濟理論。

4.Comparison between the two Theories

a.After comparison we’ll find Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage is more advanced than Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.在比較后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)李嘉圖的比較優(yōu)勢理論比斯密的絕對優(yōu)勢理論更先進。b.According to Smith’s view, the product exported by a country must be goods which the exporting country has absolute advantage to produce and the cost of producing it must be absolutely lower than the same good of another country.根據(jù)斯密的觀點，一個國家出口的產(chǎn)品一定是出口該國生產(chǎn)商有絕對優(yōu)勢的相比另一個國家絕對生產(chǎn)成本更低的產(chǎn)品。

c.But David Ricardo took Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage one step further.In his opinion not necessarily every country has to produce all sorts of goods.What a nation should do is to concentrate its efforts and resources on producing those goods which can generate more advantages and bring about less disadvantages.但是李嘉圖是在斯密絕對優(yōu)勢理論的基礎上進一步延伸的。在他看來，每個國家沒必要生產(chǎn)所有類型的產(chǎn)品，一個國家需要做的只是集中精力和資源生產(chǎn)那些有更少劣勢更多優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品。

d.Under such conditions international trade would result in international division of labor and specialization beneficial to all countries.In addition, Ricardo particularly stressed labor productivity and argued that differences in labor productivity between nations underlie the notion of comparative advantage.在這些條件下，國際貿(mào)易會產(chǎn)生國際勞動、專業(yè)分工，對所有國家都有利，除此之外，李嘉圖特別強調(diào)，不同國家勞動分工、生產(chǎn)差異構成的比較優(yōu)勢。

e.Despite the differences between the two theories they have something in common.Both Smith and Ricardo emphasized the supply side of the market and the fact that the immediate basis for trade stemmed from cost differences.Actually Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage was developed on the basis of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage.盡管這兩個理論有差異但也存在共性。李嘉圖和斯密都強調(diào)了市場的供給

方，貿(mào)易基礎根源于生產(chǎn)成本的差異，確切的說，李嘉圖的相對比較優(yōu)勢理論是在史密斯的絕對優(yōu)勢理論的基礎上發(fā)展起來的。

5.A questiontodiscuss

A professor is prepared to write a book.He is faster both in writing and collecting data than others.Suppose that he need 1 year to write a book, 4 months to collect data.And the student need 2 years to write a book, 6 months to collect data.But the professor paidto his students for collecting datafor him instead of collecting data himself.Explain the reason.一個教授準備寫一本書，他在寫書和收集書籍上都比別人快，假設他需要一年去寫一本書，四個月收集數(shù)據(jù)，學生需要兩年寫一本書，六個月收集數(shù)據(jù)，但是教授支付費用給他的學生請學生代替他自己收集數(shù)據(jù)，請解釋理由。

相對學生來說，教授在寫書有比較優(yōu)勢；相對教授來說，學生在搜集數(shù)據(jù)上更有優(yōu)勢。

第四篇：國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語復習

國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語期末考試（開卷）

一、名詞英譯漢：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

二、句子英譯漢：3’*10=30，（來自課件，注意：句子翻譯要符合中文的語法習慣）

三、簡答題：5’*4=20，（來自課件）

四、判斷對錯：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

五、閱讀理解：15’*2=30，（關注中國商務部英文網(wǎng)，考查的是短語，句子翻譯，文章的理解，要關注最近一段時間的新聞，對于像Policies,Topics,Services,上海自由貿(mào)易區(qū)的等一系列的內(nèi)容的了解）

第五篇：王帥 國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語

There are three kinds of payment methods.Each payment method may have its advantages and disadvantages.Do you think that payment by a letter of credit always the first choice in international trade? Why?

In international trade settlement, the payment of international money usually uses a non-cash settlement according to the amount of cash.It often uses financial instruments instead of cash as a means of circulation and means of payment for settlement.There are three payment methods in international trade: remittance, collection and letters of credit.As a written document, letter of credit opened by banks and banks are committed to make a payment.As the bank's financial strength, they usually have a higher credibility.In the letter of credit payment, as long as the beneficiary to fulfill its obligations under the letter of credit or meet the conditions, the issuing bank guarantees payment and bear the responsibility of the first payment.Thus, in the form of letter of credit, it is the bank that provides credit.It has four functions for exporters.(1)Provide a security guarantee for exporters to receive payments;

(2)Enable exporters to obtain the foreign exchange protection;

(3)Increase the stability of the export trade;

(4)Provides a convenient financing for exporters.It has three functions for importers.(1)It is helpful for the imports to receive the goods under the contract on time;

(2)To provide a certain amount of transaction security;

(3)Provides a convenient financing for importers.In addition, for the banks, the issuing bank only bear the responsibility to ensure payment, it provides only bank credit, not money.Moreover, the issuing banks also require the applicant to provide the issuing guarantees and to pay the deposit in order

to spread risk.By letter of credit business, the issuing bank expands its business volume and increases its economic benefits without taking much risk in the case.In the form of letter of credit, bank provides credit;it has many benefits for imports, exports and the issuing banks.So the letter of credit has been widely used in international trade, especially in China, international trade are basically using this payment method

However, there are also some drawbacks for the letter of credit.For example:

(1)Documentation requirements are relatively high, as documents and letters of credit do not match, prone to non-payment of the settlement;

(2)Cost is relatively high, affecting exporters’ profits;

(3)Special national letters of credit risk.For example, letters of credit in Bangladesh, they were very irregular in the operation, which takes many risks in international trade settlement.(4)Bank risk.Ultimately, banks are also enterprise;they have their own credits too.Especially in the foreign, the bank entry threshold is very low, relatively large differences in bank credit, and some small banks’ reputation is not very good.In summary, Letter of credit payment in international trade, is it always the first choice? I think it is not comprehensive.In some cases, use remittance and collection is better.Remittance: refers to the payer initiative remitted to the payee by banks or other means of payment.It includes Mail Transfer(M/T), Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)and Remittance by Banker’s Demand draft(D/D).For remittance, its advantages are: simplicity and low cost.Mode in the remittance whether the seller can recover the money on agreed time depends entirely on the buyer's credit situation.Because of this payment is a commercial credit with a high risk, it is usually applied to a small payment, deposit money, transport fees and commissions, etc.If used properly, the transaction will benefit both sides.In international payments another common way to settle payments is by collection whereby the exporter first ships cargoes to get necessary documents and entrusts banks as intermediaries to collect the money for the goods.For the

advantages and disadvantages of collection: collection way is more favorable to the buyer, it has a low cost, low risk, and financial burden.It even gets the seller's financial intermediation.However, it has been more detrimental to the seller, even Documents against Payment(D/P)methods, because the goods have been issued, if the other party refused to pay money for the sake of the price is low, property in poor condition or other reasons, the seller will suffer a loss and round-trip transportation costs of goods for resale the loss.For Documents against Payment after sight(D/P after sight)and Documents against Acceptance, the sellers to bear the financial burden while the latter risk more.Based on the comparison above, I think China’s enterprises should take a comprehensive plan.The creditworthiness of buyers and sellers, the position of buyers and sellers and other risk factors should all be taken into account in international trade when they choose the mode of payment.Only in this way can we lead to a successful deal.國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)英語

專業(yè)：

年級：

學號：

姓名：

任課教師：

國際經(jīng)濟與貿(mào)易國貿(mào)08—1班王帥汪海鳳2011 年 12月10日