第一篇:2015年下半教師資格證高中化學(xué)面試試講教案
2015年下半教師資格證高中化學(xué)面試試講教案
離子反應(yīng)
一、說教材
(一)教材的地位與作用
《離子反應(yīng)》是人教版高一化學(xué)必修一第二章第二節(jié)內(nèi)容,本節(jié)課著重介紹“酸、堿、鹽在水中的電離”。這在中學(xué)階段基礎(chǔ)理論知識中,占有極其重要的地 位,貫穿于中學(xué)化學(xué)教材的始終,是中學(xué)化學(xué)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一。在此之前,學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了物質(zhì)的分類,這為過渡到本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)起到了鋪墊作用。本節(jié)內(nèi)容 是后面《氧化還原反應(yīng)》內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí)中不可缺少的部分,因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中起到了承上啟下的作用。
(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.知識與技能目標(biāo):通過學(xué)習(xí)了解電離,電解質(zhì)的概念;能用電離方程式表達(dá)常見、典型的電解質(zhì)在水溶液中的電離,并從電離理論的角度認(rèn)識酸、堿、鹽;通過酸、堿、鹽的本質(zhì)探究,感悟科學(xué)探究的基本方法,提高科學(xué)探究能力。
2.過程與方法目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生通過實(shí)驗(yàn)探究問題,分析問題,歸納問題的能力。
3.情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):從更深的層面研究物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的意義,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生透過現(xiàn)象認(rèn)識事物本質(zhì)的能力。
(三)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)
電解質(zhì)的判斷、電離及電離方程式的書寫
二、說學(xué)情
對于高一年級年級的學(xué)生來說,他們雖然對化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識有了一定積累,但程度參差不齊,差別較大,學(xué)生的抽象思維能力還有待進(jìn)一步提高。這一年級的學(xué)生思維 活躍,求知欲強(qiáng),有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心,雖然處于抽象思維階段,但本節(jié)概念比較抽象,應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加實(shí)驗(yàn)和電腦動畫以使微觀離子的活動變得直觀。
三、說教法
根據(jù)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,結(jié)合本節(jié)課實(shí)際內(nèi)容,我確定本節(jié)課的教法為指導(dǎo)發(fā)現(xiàn)法、微觀演示法。
四、說學(xué)法
根據(jù)本節(jié)課實(shí)際內(nèi)容,我確定本節(jié)課的學(xué)法為分組討論法、實(shí)驗(yàn)探究法
五、說教學(xué)過程
(一)導(dǎo)入
將學(xué)生分組,進(jìn)行小組探究。探究活動為:讓每組學(xué)生根據(jù)所提供的物質(zhì)(銅片、石墨、氯化鈉固體、氯化鈉溶液、無水酒精、蔗糖、蔗糖溶液、蒸餾水、自來水、硫酸溶液)進(jìn)行思考并動手操作,怎樣才能使燈泡亮起來?通過小組內(nèi)統(tǒng)一分工、互相協(xié)作,使學(xué)生學(xué)會與他人合作、學(xué)會探究、學(xué)會組內(nèi)交流評價(jià),參與評價(jià)。
探究結(jié)束之后,各組推薦一位語言表達(dá)能力較強(qiáng)的學(xué)生,把本組的做法邊用實(shí)物投影展示,邊進(jìn)行介紹。動員全班同學(xué)在小組內(nèi)進(jìn)行討論,對每小組展示的成果進(jìn)行 綜合評價(jià),找出本組的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),確定最佳小組,并說出最佳的理由。通過此種方式培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的口頭表達(dá)能力,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會交流,學(xué)會向他人展示自己的成果。
(二)新授
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用上節(jié)課所學(xué)的分類方法,對導(dǎo)電材料進(jìn)行分類。然后引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從純凈物和混和物、單質(zhì)與化合物等分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對能導(dǎo)電的物質(zhì)進(jìn)行分類,從而引出電解質(zhì)概念。在此過程中,使學(xué)生掌握分類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),學(xué)會分類。之后,讓每組學(xué)生通過自主學(xué)習(xí)的方式來理解電解質(zhì)的定義,把自己的理解與其它組員交流,組內(nèi)形成統(tǒng)一意見,舉手發(fā)言。我引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié),并對學(xué)生的說法提出 自己的一些看法,與學(xué)生交流。同時(shí)為了加深對電解質(zhì)定義的理解,讓學(xué)生說出開始呈現(xiàn)的物質(zhì)哪些是電解質(zhì)。結(jié)合學(xué)生回答中出現(xiàn)的問題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對學(xué)生開展評 價(jià),讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步理解電解質(zhì)概念。(電解質(zhì)是在水溶液里或熔融狀態(tài)下能夠?qū)щ姷幕衔?。如,酸、堿、鹽等。)
提出梯度問題引發(fā)學(xué)生思考,讓學(xué)生帶著問題自主學(xué)習(xí)課本相關(guān)內(nèi)容。問題1:氯化鈉是電解質(zhì),為什么氯化鈉固體不導(dǎo)電,而它在水溶液中或者在熔化狀態(tài)下能導(dǎo) 電呢?利用flash課件展示氯化鈉固體不導(dǎo)電,在水溶液中或者在熔化狀態(tài)下能導(dǎo)電的本質(zhì)。從而引出電離的概念,像NaCl這樣溶解于水或受熱熔化時(shí),離 解成能夠自由移動離子的過程稱為電離。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)電離的條件有2個(gè):溶于水或受熱熔化,酸、堿、鹽在溶解于水或受熱熔化時(shí)都能發(fā)生電離。)問題2:如何來表示電解質(zhì)在水溶液中電離生成了自由移動的離子呢?從而引出電離方程式的書寫。學(xué)生先自主學(xué)習(xí),然后開展組內(nèi)討論,提出預(yù)設(shè)。讓學(xué)生走上講 臺試著書寫電離方程式,教師對學(xué)生書寫中出現(xiàn)的問題給予糾正。學(xué)生閱讀課本,學(xué)習(xí)電離方程式的書寫方法和注意點(diǎn)(寫電離方程式,要遵循質(zhì)量守恒定律和電荷 守恒定律)。通過自主學(xué)習(xí)、不斷探究,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛化學(xué)的積極情感,激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的興趣。
分析鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸的電離的特點(diǎn),推導(dǎo)出酸的概念。在此基礎(chǔ)上,請學(xué)生寫出NaOH、KOH、Ba(OH)2的電離方程式。NaOH=Na+ + OH-KOH=K+ + OH-Ba(OH)2 = Ba2+ + 2OH-學(xué)生通過分析上述電離的特點(diǎn),總結(jié)出堿的概念。電離時(shí)生成的陰離子全部都是OH-的化合物。
接著進(jìn)行探究學(xué)習(xí),請學(xué)生寫出Na2SO4、KNO3、NH4Cl的電離方程式。Na2SO4=2Na+ + SO42-KNO3=K+ + NO3-NH4Cl=NH4+ + Cl-引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析上述電離的特點(diǎn),總結(jié)出鹽的定義,即,電離時(shí)能生成金屬陽離子(包括NH4+)和酸根陰離子的化合物。
(三)小結(jié)
通過提問的方式讓學(xué)生發(fā)言,自主概括本節(jié)課內(nèi)容(電解質(zhì)、電離的概念,需要掌握電離方程式的書寫,知道酸、堿、鹽的定義)。通過學(xué)生的回答了解學(xué)生的掌握情況并調(diào)整教學(xué)策略。
(四)布置作業(yè)
1.完成課后練習(xí)1-4題
2.書寫下列物質(zhì)在水溶液中的電離方程式
(1)硫酸鈉溶液(2)氯化鐵溶液(3)硫酸鋁溶液(4)氫氧化鋇溶液
六、說板書設(shè)計(jì)
一、酸、堿、鹽在水溶液中的電離 1.電解質(zhì):水溶液、熔融狀態(tài) 2.電解質(zhì)的電離
酸:電離時(shí)生成的陽離子全部都是H+的化合物叫做酸。堿:電離時(shí)生成的陰離子全部都是OH-的化合物叫做堿。
鹽:電離時(shí)能生成金屬陽離子(包括NH4+)和酸根陰離子的化合物叫做鹽。
第二篇:最新高中化學(xué)教師資格證面試試講題目精選
化學(xué)教師資格證面試真題(精選)
高中化學(xué)《酯化反應(yīng)》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《酯化反應(yīng)》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過程 環(huán)節(jié)一:復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)入
廚師在炒菜尤其是燒魚時(shí)都喜歡加些酒和醋,你知道這是為什么嗎?這個(gè)過程產(chǎn)生了具有濃郁香味乙酸乙酯。環(huán)節(jié)二:新課教學(xué)(1)酯化反應(yīng)
【演示實(shí)驗(yàn)】視頻演示乙酸與乙醇反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程。學(xué)生觀察。
【提出問題】乙酸與乙醇反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中①實(shí)驗(yàn)條件是什么?(濃硫酸作催化劑,加熱)②實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象是什么?(實(shí)驗(yàn)中生成了有香味的、不溶于水的、無色透明油狀液體。)【微觀演示】乙酸與乙醇反應(yīng)中各分子的變化過程。
【學(xué)生歸納】乙酸脫掉羥基,乙醇脫掉氫,再結(jié)合生成乙酸乙酯和水。書寫化學(xué)方程式:
【教師介紹】乙酸乙酯是乙醇分子中的乙氧基(CH3CH2O-)取代了乙酸分子中羧基上的羥基(-OH)的生成物。像這種醇和酸作用生成酯和水的反應(yīng)叫做酯化反應(yīng)。
【學(xué)生練習(xí)】乙酸與正丙醇生成的酯叫乙酸丙酯,甲酸與乙醇的反應(yīng)生成甲酸乙酯。【發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】酸與醇生成的酯叫做某酸某酯。(2)官能團(tuán)
【教師引導(dǎo)】學(xué)生閱讀“信息提示”部分,歸納什么是官能團(tuán)。并舉例說明。
【討論作答】一些基團(tuán)反映了一類有機(jī)物的共同特性,叫做官能團(tuán)。例如:甲醇和乙醇的官能團(tuán)是羥基,乙酸和高級脂肪酸的官能團(tuán)是羧基,甲醛、乙醛的官能團(tuán)是醛基。
【歸納總結(jié)】官能團(tuán)一般是指能決定這個(gè)物質(zhì)特殊性質(zhì)的基團(tuán)。環(huán)節(jié)三:小結(jié)作業(yè)
小結(jié):學(xué)生總結(jié)本節(jié)課內(nèi)容。
作業(yè):總結(jié)常見有機(jī)物中的官能團(tuán)及性質(zhì)。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析:
1.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)是什么?【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)問題】 【參考答案】
學(xué)生第一次接觸酯化反應(yīng),酯化反應(yīng)是高中有機(jī)化學(xué)的重要知識之一,是學(xué)生必須掌握的一種反應(yīng)類型,因此本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)是酯化反應(yīng)。乙酸乙酯是乙醇分子中的乙氧基(CH3CH2O—)取代了乙酸分子中羧基上的羥基(—OH)的生成物,即乙醇分子和乙酸分子間脫去一個(gè)水分子的產(chǎn)物。對于學(xué)生來說,較難理解,內(nèi)容也比較抽象,因此設(shè)置難點(diǎn)是酯化反應(yīng)的機(jī)理。
2.酯化反應(yīng)生成的水分子里的氧原子是由醇提供還是酸提供?在科學(xué)上怎樣給予肯定?【專業(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】
酸提供的??梢杂猛凰厥聚櫡ǎ河煤醯耐凰?8O的乙醇與乙酸反應(yīng),可發(fā)現(xiàn)所生成的乙酸乙酯分子里含有18O原子;同樣用用含氧的同位素18O的乙酸與乙醇反應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)所生成的乙酸乙酯分子里沒有18O原子。
高中化學(xué)《電解》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《電解》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì) 教學(xué)過程
第一環(huán)節(jié):情景引入
【復(fù)習(xí)導(dǎo)入】回憶初中電解水的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,初步理解電池、電極、電解質(zhì)溶液。第二環(huán)節(jié):新課教學(xué) 【演示實(shí)驗(yàn)】浸入CuC12溶液的兩根碳棒分別跟直流電源的正極和負(fù)極相連接。接通電源,學(xué)生觀察兩極現(xiàn)象。(一個(gè)碳棒覆蓋有一層紫紅色物質(zhì),另一個(gè)碳棒表面有小氣泡生成,用濕潤的碘化鉀淀粉試紙檢驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生的刺激性氣體,試紙變藍(lán)色,說明該氣體是氯氣。)【得出結(jié)論】氯化銅溶液受到電流的作用,在導(dǎo)電的同時(shí)發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化,生成銅和氯氣。
【小組討論】(1)通電前CuC12溶液中存在哪些離子?這些離子作如何的運(yùn)動?(2)通電時(shí)溶液中的離子運(yùn)動情況有何變化?電路中的電流與電子流向如何?(3)陰、陽離子移向碳電極表面時(shí),哪些離子發(fā)生了變化?你能寫出兩個(gè)碳電極上發(fā)生的反應(yīng)并指出反應(yīng)的類型嗎?總反應(yīng)如何呢? 【學(xué)生活動】學(xué)生完成兩極上的電極反應(yīng),并指出反應(yīng)類型。【視頻演示】電解氯化銅微觀模擬。
【提出問題】整個(gè)過程中能量是如何轉(zhuǎn)化的?(電能轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)能)【得出結(jié)論】電解是使電流通過電解質(zhì)溶液而在陰陽兩極上引起氧化還原反應(yīng)的過程。把電能轉(zhuǎn)化成化學(xué)能的裝置為電解池。
第三環(huán)節(jié):鞏固練習(xí)
在利用電解水的方法制取氫氣和氧氣時(shí),一般不直接電解蒸餾水,而是電解NaOH溶液或H2SO4溶液,你知道為什么嗎? 第四環(huán)節(jié):小結(jié)作業(yè)
小結(jié):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生共同總結(jié)本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。
作業(yè):整理電解池與原電池的工作原理,列成表格。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析
1.本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是什么?【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)問題】 【參考答案】
知識與技能目標(biāo):能夠正確判斷電解池的陰陽極,會判斷兩極所發(fā)生反應(yīng)的類型;能獨(dú)立地正確書寫幾種電解池的電極反應(yīng)式和電解池中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式。
過程與方法目標(biāo):通過對電解氯化銅溶液的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作及對實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的觀察、分析和推理,體驗(yàn)科學(xué)探究的過程。情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):通過實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,進(jìn)一步形成科學(xué)態(tài)度和科學(xué)方法,滲透由現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)、由個(gè)別到一般、由一般到特殊的辯證唯物主義觀點(diǎn)。2.簡要說明電解的原理?!緦I(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】
高中化學(xué)《乙烯的性質(zhì)》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《乙烯的性質(zhì)》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì) 教學(xué)過程(一)情景導(dǎo)入 【情境創(chuàng)設(shè)】生活中很多水果有催熟的功能,因?yàn)槌墒斓乃茚尫啪哂写呤旃δ艿囊蚁?,圖片展示常見塑料制品,介紹塑料制品和乙烯有關(guān)。提問:乙烯是一種什么物質(zhì)?其結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)如何?(二)新課教學(xué) 1.乙烯的結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知
【展示模型】展示乙烷、乙烯的球棍模型,將模型分給學(xué)習(xí)小組觀察。得出結(jié)論:①乙烯分子中有碳碳雙鍵;②乙烯分子中6個(gè)原子在同一個(gè)平面上。
【教師引導(dǎo)】引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回憶書寫乙烷的分子式、結(jié)構(gòu)式及結(jié)構(gòu)簡式,進(jìn)一步書寫乙烯的分子式、結(jié)構(gòu)式及結(jié)構(gòu)簡式。
2.乙烯化學(xué)性質(zhì)的探究 【學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)】
①把乙烯氣體通入酸性高錳酸鉀溶液中,學(xué)生觀察并記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象(高錳酸鉀溶液褪色)。②把乙烯氣體通入溴的四氯化碳溶液中,觀察并記錄實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象(溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色)。
教師總結(jié):①乙烯能被酸性高錳酸鉀溶液氧化,使其褪色;②乙烯能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色,發(fā)生加成反應(yīng),寫出乙烯加成反應(yīng)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式。
【教師講解】有機(jī)物分子中雙鍵(或叁鍵)的碳原子與其它原子或原子團(tuán)直接結(jié)合生成新的化合物的反應(yīng)叫做加成反應(yīng)。
【學(xué)生活動】由一名學(xué)生上講臺用模型演示乙烯分子和溴分子發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)的過程,歸納總結(jié)加成反應(yīng)的規(guī)律。(三)鞏固提高
【學(xué)生練習(xí)】寫出乙烯與氫氣、氯氣、氯化氫、水等分子加成反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式。(四)小結(jié)作業(yè)
小結(jié):師生總結(jié)本課所學(xué)內(nèi)容。
作業(yè):查閱資料,了解乙烯在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的重要作用,初步了解加聚反應(yīng)的特點(diǎn)。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析:
1.寫出乙烯的電子式?!緦I(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】 乙烯的電子式為:。
2.怎么給烯烴命名?【專業(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】
中學(xué)階段的烯烴命名主要采用系統(tǒng)命名法,基本要點(diǎn)是:(1)首先,選擇含有雙鍵的最長碳鏈作為主鏈,按主鏈中所含碳原子的數(shù)目命名為某烯。(2)給主鏈編號時(shí)從距離雙鍵最近的一端開始,側(cè)鏈視為取代基,雙鍵的位次須標(biāo)明,用兩個(gè)雙鍵碳原子位次較小的一個(gè)表示,放在烯烴名稱的前面。
在大學(xué)階段還會涉及到順反命名,把兩個(gè)雙鍵碳原子上所連的四個(gè)基團(tuán)按原子序數(shù)進(jìn)行排序,優(yōu)先基團(tuán)在雙鍵同一側(cè)的稱為順式,在雙鍵異側(cè)的稱為反式。
高中化學(xué)《物質(zhì)的量》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析 高中化學(xué)《物質(zhì)的量》 主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì) 教學(xué)過程
(一)復(fù)習(xí)舊知 導(dǎo)入新課
提問學(xué)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的本質(zhì),學(xué)生回答之后提出假設(shè):要是可以計(jì)算反應(yīng)有“多少”粒子參加反應(yīng),我們是不是可以控制反應(yīng)呢?是否可定量的要求多少粒子參加反應(yīng)?引發(fā)學(xué)生思考和討論。
教師結(jié)合學(xué)生討論內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納和總結(jié):微觀粒子,跟前面例子中的大米、綠豆等,在計(jì)量本質(zhì)上是一樣的,不可能通過數(shù)數(shù)目,得到具體的多少。提出新問題:稱量粒子質(zhì)量可以嗎?那我們要怎么辦呢?引入本節(jié)課《物質(zhì)的量》。
(二)情景設(shè)置 新課講授 1.物質(zhì)的量
教師講解物質(zhì)的量這一物理量的概念、單位和符號。說明物質(zhì)的量是國際七個(gè)基本物理量之一。2.阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)
答辯題目解析
1.阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)有單位嗎,它的定義是什么?【專業(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】 有單位,單位是每摩爾(/mol)。
把1mol任何粒子的粒子數(shù)叫做阿伏加德羅常數(shù),符號為NA。
2.你覺得化學(xué)課程中常用的導(dǎo)入方法有哪些,請列舉三個(gè)例子加以說明?【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)問題】 【參考答案】
生活實(shí)例導(dǎo)入法:我們經(jīng)常會給學(xué)生強(qiáng)調(diào),化學(xué)來源于生活并且服務(wù)于生活,因此,很多生活生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中的例子是化學(xué)老師的好素材;比如在講解鹽類的水解的知識的時(shí)候可以“純堿不是堿”或者“純堿為什么可以去油污”來導(dǎo)入。
故事導(dǎo)入法:任何學(xué)科的理論知識的學(xué)習(xí)對學(xué)生而言都避免不了有一絲枯燥乏味,如果能在平時(shí)積累和化學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的小故事,在故事中設(shè)置問題情境,能極大的激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和求知探索欲。
實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入法:化學(xué)是一門以實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科,奇妙的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)想象讓學(xué)生近距離感知化學(xué),引起求知欲望,樹立科學(xué)探究意識。
高中化學(xué)《萃取》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《萃取》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過程 環(huán)節(jié)一:導(dǎo)入新課
【教師提問】在日常生活中,如果我們的衣服粘了油漬,常常用汽油擦洗,你知道為什么嗎? 【引入新課】這是利用了萃取原理,分離互不相溶的兩種液體時(shí),我們用分液漏斗。環(huán)節(jié)二:講授新課
【展示講解】分液漏斗的構(gòu)造與使用原理(斗體,蓋在斗體上口的斗蓋,斗體的下口安裝一三通結(jié)構(gòu)的活塞,活塞的兩通分別與兩下管連接。)【演示講解】實(shí)驗(yàn)1-4:教師邊演示邊講解操作時(shí)注意事項(xiàng):①分液漏斗使用前要驗(yàn)漏②振蕩時(shí)要及時(shí)放氣③上層溶液從上口倒出,下層溶液從下口流下。
【提出問題】請嘗試歸納什么是萃取、什么是分液? 【得出結(jié)論】萃取是利用物質(zhì)在互不相溶的溶劑中溶解度不同,用一種溶劑把物質(zhì)從它與另一種溶劑所組成的溶液里提取出來的方法。分液是萃取后將兩種互不相溶的液體分開的操作。
環(huán)節(jié)三:鞏固提升
【實(shí)驗(yàn)探究】給出藥品:苯、溴水、蒸餾水、酒精,請學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)萃取溴單質(zhì)、匯報(bào)現(xiàn)象和結(jié)論,討論萃取劑的選取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
【得出結(jié)論】選取萃取劑的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:萃取劑與原溶液互不相溶;溶質(zhì)在萃取劑中的溶解度要大于在原溶液中的溶解度;萃取劑與原溶液無反應(yīng)。
環(huán)節(jié)四:小結(jié)作業(yè)
【小結(jié)】萃取是利用物質(zhì)在互不相溶的容劑中溶解度不同,用一種溶劑把物質(zhì)從它與另一種溶劑所組成的溶液里提取出來的方法;分液時(shí)萃取后將兩種互不相溶的液體分開的操作。
【作業(yè)】請嘗試總結(jié)學(xué)過的物質(zhì)分離和提純的方法和適用范圍。解釋在日常生活中,哪些生活中的事例利用了萃取原理? 板書設(shè)計(jì)
萃取
1.萃取:利用物質(zhì)在互不相溶的溶劑中溶解度不同,用一種溶劑把物質(zhì)從它與另一種溶劑所組成的溶液里提取出來的方法。步驟:裝液→震蕩→靜置→分液。
2.分液:萃取后將兩種互不相溶的液體分開的操作。3.萃取劑的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
(1)萃取劑與原溶劑不互溶、不反應(yīng);(2)溶質(zhì)在萃取劑的溶解度大于原溶劑中的溶解度;(3)溶質(zhì)不與萃取劑發(fā)生反應(yīng)。答辯題目解析:
1.請問本節(jié)課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)是什么,你是如何突破的?【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】 【參考答案】
本節(jié)課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)是萃取的操作方法。本課首先教師通過直觀出示分液漏斗,對分液漏斗的組成進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)介紹,再此基礎(chǔ)之上,教師邊講解邊操作,對于學(xué)生容易忽略的細(xì)節(jié),如分液的方法等加以重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào),學(xué)生通過細(xì)致觀察進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)表格的填寫,并組織學(xué)生通過小組討論總結(jié)出萃取以及分液的概念。在系統(tǒng)完整的操作理論指導(dǎo)下,讓學(xué)生嘗試用給定的藥品及儀器設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn),在動手操作的過程中教師再次進(jìn)行巡視指導(dǎo),確保每位學(xué)生都能夠熟練掌握萃取的操作方法。
2.碘和四氯化碳能用分液漏斗分離嗎?【專業(yè)知識】 【參考答案】
不能,因?yàn)榈饽苋苡谒穆然贾小8咧谢瘜W(xué)《氣體摩爾體積》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《氣體摩爾體積》 主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì) 教學(xué)過程
(一)復(fù)習(xí)舊知 導(dǎo)入新課
復(fù)習(xí)公式N/NA=n=m/M,再一次明確物質(zhì)的量的橋梁作用,同時(shí)考慮另外一個(gè)宏觀物理量——體積。提出新問題:如何建立V與n之間的關(guān)系呢?引入新課《氣體摩爾體積》。
(二)情境創(chuàng)設(shè) 新課講授 1.提出問題:什么是氣體摩爾體積?請學(xué)生根據(jù)摩爾質(zhì)量的知識從理論上試著說出氣體摩爾體積的概念、單位和計(jì)算公式,小組內(nèi)討論交流。并在ppt上給出氣體摩爾體積的相關(guān)知識。
2.學(xué)生對課前計(jì)算結(jié)果和課上的實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀察,從中歸納結(jié)論。
①觀察課前對l mol物質(zhì)體積的計(jì)算結(jié)果,能得出什么結(jié)論?②通過課前對電解一定量水得到氫氣和氧氣的物質(zhì)的量比,結(jié)合課堂上對實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀察,能得出什么結(jié)論。
教師總結(jié)學(xué)生回答并得出結(jié)論:同溫同壓時(shí),l mol的氣體——體積大,不同氣體體積大致相同。固、液體——體積小,不同物質(zhì)體積各不相同。對于氣體,同溫同壓時(shí):物質(zhì)的量相同時(shí)體積也相同。
3.結(jié)合剛剛得出的結(jié)論提問:為什么在同溫同壓時(shí),相同物質(zhì)的量的不同氣體,體積卻大致相同?請小組內(nèi)總結(jié),從微觀粒子角度考慮,決定體積的因素有哪些? 教師總結(jié)學(xué)生回答并進(jìn)行講解:決定物質(zhì)體積的因素:①粒子數(shù)目(相同);②緊密排列時(shí)取決于粒子大小(固體和液體);③離子間距離很大時(shí)取決于粒子間距(氣體)。并及時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),氣體分子間距離取決于外界的溫度和壓強(qiáng),所以才會出現(xiàn),分子數(shù)相同(即物質(zhì)的量相同)時(shí)體積也相同。
4.通過數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行講解和得出結(jié)論:
0℃,101 kPa(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況),l mol任何氣體的體積都約為22.4 L。即此時(shí),氣體摩爾體積Vm=22.4 L。提示學(xué)生從微觀粒子角度考慮,并將模型中的小球換成大小不一的,進(jìn)行展示,依據(jù)模型理解。通過模型中大小不一的小球幫助學(xué)生理解相同條件下,不同氣體的Vm相同的本質(zhì)原因。
(三)鞏固提升
指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練。(四)小結(jié)作業(yè)
學(xué)生總結(jié)當(dāng)堂課學(xué)到的知識。布置作業(yè):課下總結(jié)物質(zhì)的量n與質(zhì)量、粒子數(shù)、氣體體積之間的關(guān)系。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析
1.本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是什么?【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)問題】 【參考答案】
1.知識與技能目標(biāo):①能說出氣體摩爾體積的概念;②能從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)方面說出影響氣體體積的因素;③能進(jìn)行氣體摩爾體積的簡單判斷和計(jì)算。
2.過程與方法目標(biāo):①通過已有知識的遷移理解氣體摩爾體積;②通過制作模型和動畫演示理解各因素如何影響氣體體積。3.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):①進(jìn)一步體會物質(zhì)的量的“橋梁”作用;②培養(yǎng)分析推理能力,形成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。
2.氣體摩爾體積的大小是不是固定不變的,取決于什么?【專業(yè)知識問題】 【參考答案】
氣體摩爾體積的大小并不是固定不變的,取決于溫度和壓強(qiáng)。在同溫同壓下,任何氣體的氣體摩爾體積大小相同。
二、考題解析 【教學(xué)過程】 環(huán)節(jié)一:導(dǎo)入新課
教師展示“滴水生火”魔術(shù)。
教師表演化學(xué)小魔術(shù):“課前在酒精燈燈芯里暗藏一小塊鈉,實(shí)驗(yàn)開始時(shí)用膠頭滴管在燈芯內(nèi)第一滴水。組織學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象。
提出問題:“為什么剛才的實(shí)驗(yàn)中用水點(diǎn)著了火呢?”
引入新課:這是因?yàn)闊粜纠镉薪饘兮c,今天我們就一起來探究金屬鈉的性質(zhì),進(jìn)而找到這個(gè)問題的答案。環(huán)節(jié)二:探究新知
實(shí)驗(yàn)探究1:鈉的物理性質(zhì)。
教師展示存放在試劑瓶中的金屬鈉,強(qiáng)調(diào)鈉的取用方法和注意事項(xiàng)(用鑷子夾取小塊鈉,用濾紙把表面的煤油吸干;剩余的鈉放回原試劑瓶中等。)提出問題:“觀察到了什么實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象?說明了什么?” 學(xué)生觀察思考、表述現(xiàn)象、歸納性質(zhì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)探究2:鈉與氧氣在加熱條件下的反應(yīng)。
提出問題:“觀察到了什么實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象?得出什么樣的結(jié)論?” 實(shí)驗(yàn)過程:將一小塊金屬鈉放在石棉網(wǎng)上加熱。
學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),觀察、表述現(xiàn)象、歸納性質(zhì)。(活潑性、熔點(diǎn))講解:鈉與氧氣在加熱的條件下生成淡黃色的過氧化鈉,過氧化鈉和水反應(yīng)放出大量的熱并會生成氧氣,溫度達(dá)到了棉花的著火點(diǎn),棉花就燃燒起來了。教師強(qiáng)調(diào)化學(xué)反應(yīng)條件對化學(xué)反應(yīng)的影響。
學(xué)生書寫鈉與氧氣分別在常溫和加熱條件下的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式。實(shí)驗(yàn)探究3:鈉與水的反應(yīng)。
教師演示實(shí)驗(yàn)。(向一支盛有水的燒杯中滴加幾滴酚酞溶液,然后投入一小塊黃豆粒大小的金屬鈉,觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象)提出問題:“觀察到了什么實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象,有什么樣的結(jié)論?” 學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),觀察、表述現(xiàn)象、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出結(jié)論。
講解:實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象可以歸納成五個(gè)字“浮、熔、游、響、紅”,得出相應(yīng)結(jié)論。環(huán)節(jié)三:鞏固提升,深化理解 請學(xué)生說一說鈉非?;顫姷脑颉-h(huán)節(jié)四:小結(jié)作業(yè)
小結(jié):師生共同總結(jié)鈉的物理性質(zhì)和化學(xué)性質(zhì)。作業(yè):查閱資料并思考若金屬鈉燃燒應(yīng)該如何滅火? 【板書設(shè)計(jì)】
【答辯題目解析】
1.請你說明這堂課的設(shè)計(jì)思路? 【參考答案】
本節(jié)課我以“滴水生火”的實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣;在新課教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),對于金屬鈉的物理性質(zhì),我采用直觀展示法,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察思考并總結(jié)出其物理性質(zhì)為:銀白色固體,密度小,質(zhì)軟硬度小等。對于金屬鈉的化學(xué)性質(zhì),分別通過探究實(shí)驗(yàn)2、3,組織學(xué)生動手操作實(shí)驗(yàn),并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象的觀察及結(jié)果討論,總結(jié)出:鈉與氧氣及水反應(yīng)的事實(shí)。在鞏固提高環(huán)節(jié),教師由學(xué)生對“結(jié)構(gòu)決定性質(zhì)”這一認(rèn)知為出發(fā)點(diǎn),組織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論,從微觀上分析金屬鈉性質(zhì)活潑的原因;為體現(xiàn)素質(zhì)教育的理念,教師隨機(jī)提問學(xué)生對本節(jié)課的收獲,并預(yù)留與生活實(shí)際相關(guān)的問題。
2.如果金屬鈉燃燒,應(yīng)該如何滅火? 【參考答案】
如果金屬鈉燃燒,應(yīng)該用泥土或沙子蓋滅,不能用水或干粉滅火器。因?yàn)檫^氧化鈉與水及二氧化碳反應(yīng)均能生成氧氣。
【答辯題目解析】
1.你是如何導(dǎo)入新課的,為什么采用這種方法? 【參考答案】
本節(jié)課開始,我展示了魔術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn),采用了實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)入的方式。中學(xué)階段學(xué)生的心理特征是:急于想了解本節(jié)知識的大概內(nèi)容,想知道有哪些有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn),喜歡觀察鮮明、生動、不平常的實(shí)驗(yàn)。在觀察過程中,他們的心理活動是好奇、好看、急于想了解實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)各種現(xiàn)象變化的原因,要求解惑的心情特別迫切。根據(jù)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)之始的心理活動特征,在學(xué)習(xí)的開始,可由教師演示實(shí)驗(yàn)或者學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn),盡量挖掘富有啟發(fā)性、趣味性的實(shí)驗(yàn),巧布疑陣、設(shè)置懸念,就會使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)明確目的、增強(qiáng)動機(jī),起到“激其情、引其疑”的作用。
2.在醇生成烯烴的消去反應(yīng)中,濃硫酸的作用是什么? 【參考答案】
濃硫酸的作用是作催化劑和脫水劑。
高中化學(xué)《氨氣的性質(zhì)》
高中化學(xué)《氣體摩爾體積》
二、考題解析 【教學(xué)過程】 第一環(huán)節(jié):導(dǎo)入新課
教師讓學(xué)生觀察課本P55頁圖3-29,第ⅥA族元素的氣態(tài)氫化物的沸點(diǎn)隨相對分子質(zhì)量的增大而升高,符合前面所學(xué)規(guī)律,但H2O的沸點(diǎn)卻反常,這是什么原因呢?由此導(dǎo)入本節(jié)課《氫鍵的形成》 第二環(huán)節(jié):新課教學(xué)
學(xué)生自主閱讀課本55頁內(nèi)容,回答:因?yàn)闅滏I的原因,導(dǎo)致水的沸點(diǎn)反常。教師提問:氫鍵是不是化學(xué)鍵呢?如果不是,那是什么? 學(xué)生回答:氫鍵是一種分子間作用力。
教師提問:氫鍵是如何形成的呢?給學(xué)生資料“氫鍵的成因”供學(xué)生參考討論。
學(xué)生回答:當(dāng)氫原子與電負(fù)性大的原子X以共價(jià)鍵相結(jié)合時(shí),由于H—X鍵具有強(qiáng)極性,這時(shí)H相對帶上較強(qiáng)的正電荷,而X相對帶上較強(qiáng)的負(fù)電荷。當(dāng)氫原子以其唯一的一個(gè)電子與X成鍵后,就變成無內(nèi)層電子、半徑極小的核。其正電場強(qiáng)度很大,以至當(dāng)另一HX分子的X原子以其孤對電子向H靠近時(shí),不但很少受到電子之間的排斥,反而互相吸引,抵達(dá)一定平衡距離即形成氫鍵。
教師提問:那么電負(fù)性大的原子X都有哪些呢? 學(xué)生通過課本尋找得到答案:N、O、F。
教師提問:總結(jié)起來,你們能不能總結(jié)出氫鍵的定義? 學(xué)生回答:半徑小、吸引電子能力強(qiáng)的原子與H核之間的很強(qiáng)的作用叫氫鍵。通常我們可以把氫鍵看做一種比較強(qiáng)的分子間作用力。
教師提問:化學(xué)鍵都有各自的表示方法,那么氫鍵應(yīng)該如何表示呢?再仔細(xì)看一下課本,我找學(xué)生來板演。學(xué)生板演:X—H···Y 教師總結(jié):這位同學(xué)寫的很對,你們是不是也寫對了呢? 教師追問:那么問題來了,“X—H···Y”中X和Y可以是一樣的嗎? 學(xué)生回答:可以,比如剛才說的水中,就是O—H···O。
教師總結(jié):很好,“X—H···Y”中X和Y可以是一樣的,也可以不同。
教師提問:既然氫鍵是一種較強(qiáng)的分子間作用力,那么氫鍵的存在對物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)會有哪些影響呢? 學(xué)生閱讀課本回答:氫鍵的存在可以使物質(zhì)的熔沸點(diǎn)升高,對物質(zhì)的溶解度也有一定的影響,比如水和乙醇能以任意比例互溶。教師總結(jié)補(bǔ)充:在極性溶劑中,如果溶質(zhì)分子和溶劑分子間能形成氫鍵,就會促進(jìn)分子間的結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致溶解度增大。例如:由于乙醇分子與水分子間能形成不同分子間的氫鍵,故乙醇與水能以任意比互溶。
第三環(huán)節(jié):鞏固提高
高中化學(xué)《氣體摩爾體積》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《氣體摩爾體積》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過程
(一)復(fù)習(xí)舊知 導(dǎo)入新課
復(fù)習(xí)公式N/NA=n=m/M,再一次明確物質(zhì)的量的橋梁作用,同時(shí)考慮另外一個(gè)宏觀物理量——體積。提出新問題:如何建立V與n之間的關(guān)系呢?引入新課《氣體摩爾體積》。
(二)情境創(chuàng)設(shè) 新課講授 1.提出問題:什么是氣體摩爾體積?請學(xué)生根據(jù)摩爾質(zhì)量的知識從理論上試著說出氣體摩爾體積的概念、單位和計(jì)算公式,小組內(nèi)討論交流。并在ppt上給出氣體摩爾體積的相關(guān)知識。
2.學(xué)生對課前計(jì)算結(jié)果和課上的實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀察,從中歸納結(jié)論。
①觀察課前對l mol物質(zhì)體積的計(jì)算結(jié)果,能得出什么結(jié)論?②通過課前對電解一定量水得到氫氣和氧氣的物質(zhì)的量比,結(jié)合課堂上對實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀察,能得出什么結(jié)論。
教師總結(jié)學(xué)生回答并得出結(jié)論:同溫同壓時(shí),l mol的氣體——體積大,不同氣體體積大致相同。固、液體——體積小,不同物質(zhì)體積各不相同。對于氣體,同溫同壓時(shí):物質(zhì)的量相同時(shí)體積也相同。
3.結(jié)合剛剛得出的結(jié)論提問:為什么在同溫同壓時(shí),相同物質(zhì)的量的不同氣體,體積卻大致相同?請小組內(nèi)總結(jié),從微觀粒子角度考慮,決定體積的因素有哪些? 教師總結(jié)學(xué)生回答并進(jìn)行講解:決定物質(zhì)體積的因素:①粒子數(shù)目(相同);②緊密排列時(shí)取決于粒子大小(固體和液體);③離子間距離很大時(shí)取決于粒子間距(氣體)。并及時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),氣體分子間距離取決于外界的溫度和壓強(qiáng),所以才會出現(xiàn),分子數(shù)相同(即物質(zhì)的量相同)時(shí)體積也相同。
4.通過數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行講解和得出結(jié)論:
0℃,101 kPa(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況),l mol任何氣體的體積都約為22.4 L。即此時(shí),氣體摩爾體積Vm=22.4 L。提示學(xué)生從微觀粒子角度考慮,并將模型中的小球換成大小不一的,進(jìn)行展示,依據(jù)模型理解。通過模型中大小不一的小球幫助學(xué)生理解相同條件下,不同氣體的Vm相同的本質(zhì)原因。
(三)鞏固提升
指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練。(四)小結(jié)作業(yè)
學(xué)生總結(jié)當(dāng)堂課學(xué)到的知識。布置作業(yè):課下總結(jié)物質(zhì)的量n與質(zhì)量、粒子數(shù)、氣體體積之間的關(guān)系。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析
1.本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是什么? 【參考答案】
1.知識與技能目標(biāo):①能說出氣體摩爾體積的概念;②能從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)方面說出影響氣體體積的因素;③能進(jìn)行氣體摩爾體積的簡單判斷和計(jì)算。
2.過程與方法目標(biāo):①通過已有知識的遷移理解氣體摩爾體積;②通過制作模型和動畫演示理解各因素如何影響氣體體積。
3.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo):①進(jìn)一步體會物質(zhì)的量的“橋梁”作用;②培養(yǎng)分析推理能力,形成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。
2.氣體摩爾體積的大小是不是固定不變的,取決于什么? 【參考答案】
氣體摩爾體積的大小并不是固定不變的,取決于溫度和壓強(qiáng)。在同溫同壓下,任何氣體的氣體摩爾體積大小相同。
高中化學(xué)《影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的因素》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的因素》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過程
(一)創(chuàng)設(shè)情境,導(dǎo)入新課
展示圖片:面包的標(biāo)簽。請學(xué)生觀察保質(zhì)期。
導(dǎo)入:根據(jù)我們的生活常識,我們知道在不同溫度條件下,面包的保質(zhì)期長短不同,那么溫度是如何影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)的快慢?除了溫度還有哪些因素會影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)的快慢呢?我們這節(jié)課就初步了解影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的因素。
(二)實(shí)驗(yàn)探究,新課講授
展示圖片:請學(xué)生回憶初中學(xué)過的不同金屬單質(zhì)(鎂、鋁、鋅、鐵)與稀鹽酸的反應(yīng)。
提問:在外界條件相同的情況下,不同的金屬單質(zhì)與稀鹽酸反應(yīng),它們的快慢并不相同,這說明了什么? 結(jié)論:決定化學(xué)反應(yīng)快慢的主要因素是反應(yīng)物本身的性質(zhì)。
教師:我們知道溫度會影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率,請大家閱讀教材上的【實(shí)驗(yàn)2-5】的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,思考一下實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的缺陷,改進(jìn)一下實(shí)驗(yàn)的方案并驗(yàn)證溫度對化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的影響。
結(jié)論:催化劑可以影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率。
教師補(bǔ)充:并不是所有的催化劑都能增大化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率,有的催化劑能減小某些反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)速率。能增大反應(yīng)速率的催化劑叫做該反應(yīng)的正催化劑,減小反應(yīng)速率的催化劑叫做該反應(yīng)的負(fù)催化劑。
請學(xué)生思考并交流討論:下列事實(shí)中,什么因素影響了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率?(1)鐵礦石煉鐵時(shí)要粉碎成礦粒。
(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行化學(xué)反應(yīng)時(shí),常常把一些固體物質(zhì)溶于水配成溶液再進(jìn)行反應(yīng)。(3)硫在空氣中燃燒發(fā)出淡藍(lán)色火焰,在純氧中燃燒,發(fā)出明亮藍(lán)紫色火焰。學(xué)生思考,交流,回答。
得出結(jié)論:固體表面積、反應(yīng)物的狀態(tài)、反應(yīng)物的濃度等會影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)的速率。(三)課堂小結(jié),布置作業(yè) 師生共同總結(jié)本節(jié)內(nèi)容。作業(yè):調(diào)查生產(chǎn)生活中改變外界因素調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)速率的實(shí)例,并用化學(xué)知識解釋。板書設(shè)計(jì)
答辯題目解析
1.影響化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的因素有很多,最基本的因素是什么? 【參考答案】 反應(yīng)物的濃度。
2.用本節(jié)課知識解釋為什么食物要放在溫度低的地方? 【參考答案】
食物腐敗實(shí)質(zhì)就是發(fā)生了一系列的化學(xué)反應(yīng),溫度低,化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率較低,食物不易腐敗。
高中化學(xué)《明礬的凈水作用》
一、考題回顧
二、考題解析
高中化學(xué)《明礬的凈水作用》主要教學(xué)過程及板書設(shè)計(jì)
教學(xué)過程
(一)實(shí)驗(yàn)展示,激趣導(dǎo)入
多媒體視頻展示明礬凈水的實(shí)驗(yàn):
取適量研磨細(xì)的明礬粉末加入到盛有河水的一個(gè)燒杯中攪拌,觀察現(xiàn)象。
教師設(shè)疑:這種白色物質(zhì)明礬是什么?它是如何起到凈化水的作用呢?今天我們就一起來探究明礬的凈水作用。教師板書課題“明礬的凈水作用”。
第三篇:教師資格證面試試講
自我介紹:
各位評委老師,上午好,我是_____號考生。說課:
今天我說課的題目是《____________》。首先我們來進(jìn)行教材分析。教材分析:
本節(jié)課出自______________出版社出版的高中《________》第__冊第__章第__節(jié)。
1、本節(jié)課分____個(gè)部分內(nèi)容,分別是:___________________
2、本節(jié)課貫穿了______以后的整個(gè)教學(xué),是學(xué)生進(jìn)一步順利、快捷操作____的基礎(chǔ),也是形成學(xué)生合理知識鏈的重要環(huán)節(jié)。(這條基本上通用)
3、本節(jié)課聯(lián)系了________和_________,在以后學(xué)習(xí)______具有重要意義。
4、本節(jié)課是在學(xué)習(xí)______的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)___________的關(guān)鍵。
(以上4條,靈活運(yùn)用,不用全部說上就行??梢詤⒖夹蜓灾械木渥?,主要是說學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課的意義。)接下來說一下本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。教學(xué)目標(biāo): 知識目標(biāo):
1、2、能力目標(biāo);
1、通過講練結(jié)合,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生處理____、解決問題的能力。
2、分組學(xué)習(xí)方式,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與他人溝通交流、分工合作的能力。
3、通過設(shè)置問題情境,提高學(xué)生分析和解決問題的能力。情感目標(biāo):
1、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生認(rèn)真、細(xì)致的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。
2、通過發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題的過程,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作精神,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的求知欲和對學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)的熱情。當(dāng)我們對教材進(jìn)行了分析并且了解了教學(xué)目標(biāo)之后,就不難理解本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn) 重點(diǎn): 難點(diǎn):
(對于重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),依然是說出本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容就行,可以參考本節(jié)課的題目和各部分的標(biāo)題)
那么,究竟應(yīng)該怎樣來完成本節(jié)課的任務(wù)呢?下面說一下本節(jié)課的教法和學(xué)法。教法:
1、范例、結(jié)合引導(dǎo)探索的方法,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。
2、教師精講、學(xué)生多練,體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為主體、教師為主導(dǎo)的教學(xué)原則。
3、采用類比法,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,自主學(xué)習(xí),從而體驗(yàn)到獨(dú)立獲取知識的喜悅感。
4、通過“教”“學(xué)”“放”“收”突破重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。
(根據(jù)需要任意選取教法。2-3個(gè)就行。根據(jù)時(shí)間自行安排。)教學(xué)相長,本節(jié)課我所采用的學(xué)法主要有兩個(gè)。學(xué)法:
1、主動學(xué)習(xí)法:舉出例子,提出問題,讓學(xué)生在獲得感性認(rèn)識的同時(shí),教師層層深入,啟發(fā)學(xué)生積極思維,主動探索知識,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維想象的綜合能力。
2、反饋補(bǔ)救法:在練習(xí)中,注意觀察學(xué)生對學(xué)習(xí)的反饋情況,以實(shí)現(xiàn)“培優(yōu)扶差,滿足不同?!?/p>
最后我們說一下本節(jié)課的教學(xué)過程。教學(xué)過程: 本節(jié)課在多媒體教室進(jìn)行,所需教具是教師機(jī)---學(xué)生機(jī)、投影儀、黑板、等。我將本節(jié)課分為三個(gè)部分。
用約5分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入部分,主要是復(fù)習(xí)和引入新課。
用約20分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行正體部分。主要是通過講練結(jié)合的方式完成對_____、______、______、________幾部分的學(xué)習(xí)。
最后,用約5分鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行尾聲部分,主要是小結(jié)和作業(yè)。或者說是,對本節(jié)課進(jìn)行總結(jié)以及布置作業(yè)。
(1、關(guān)于講練結(jié)合,如果是理論課,練就表示做習(xí)題,如果是操作課,就表示上機(jī)實(shí)際操作
(2、我是按一節(jié)課40分鐘分配,待考證。
(3、大概模式是這樣的,你根據(jù)時(shí)間要求自行取舍吧。
(4、聲音一定要大,語速不能太快。對于教學(xué)目標(biāo)、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)等表示你說課流程的詞匯要突出。但是,不要板書,浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(5、注意,偶爾要看一下評委,眼神交流。
最后要說“說課完畢”
對于試講,引出這節(jié)課,之后順手把本節(jié)課的題目寫黑板上。要用力寫清楚。如果覺得整節(jié)課講不完,你可以說我今天主要講____幾部分。因?yàn)闆]有學(xué)生,所以講的不要太散,要有思路.如果能顯出你跟學(xué)生交流的過程就顯一次,不然的話,就直接講自己的。
第四篇:教師資格證面試如何“試講”
面試中的“試講”環(huán)節(jié)
一、形象:⑴青年人要陽光、正派,開朗、活潑;⑵洋溢青春氣息,有自信,充滿正能量。
二、試講以“微課”形式進(jìn)行,共10分鐘。其中,最好有
一、兩分鐘要有點(diǎn)“激情”,帶有藝術(shù)性(有限度的、和教學(xué)內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)的表演和夸張),這是得分點(diǎn)。
⑴結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不是片斷。教學(xué)過程各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)(復(fù)習(xí)、導(dǎo)入;新授;練習(xí);小結(jié))不可以省略,但必須簡化,保留核心要素。這是教學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)的得分點(diǎn)。⑵
三、教學(xué)語言是必備的教學(xué)基本功之一,⑴普通話要盡可能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)些;⑵聲音要洪亮,但是不能喊。⑶語速近似于演講,絕對不可以太快,如果拿捏不好,必須多加演練。這是教學(xué)語言關(guān)鍵得分點(diǎn)!講話不要半推半就、含混不清,防止自說自話。⑷在講臺上要有臺風(fēng)。語文教師要求更高,咬字清晰,語音悅耳,抑揚(yáng)頓挫。⑸還要注意跟臺下評委的眼神配合,眼睛的視線不要一直停留在講稿上,要使臺下的每一個(gè)評委都以為你在看他們,注視著他們。⑹要面帶微笑,不要太嚴(yán)肅,但絕對不可以嘻皮笑臉。
四、面試時(shí)要衣著得體、打扮樸素,切記:不要佩帶飾物。行為舉止大方,不拘禁,也不能太囂張,要給人留下穩(wěn)重端莊的印象。
五、注意恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用肢體語言。不要僵直地站在講臺上,按美學(xué)的說法是,站立位置大部分時(shí)間應(yīng)該在黃金分割點(diǎn)(0.618),當(dāng)然,要在試講前備課時(shí)有準(zhǔn)備,把講課內(nèi)容的相關(guān)背景等知識了解到位,并把課的內(nèi)容和這些背景結(jié)合起來,讓背景知識在吸引人的同時(shí)把人引導(dǎo)到課本的內(nèi)容上來。
六、配合教學(xué)內(nèi)容適當(dāng)板書:板書設(shè)計(jì)要突出主題,要有條理,用楷體書寫,要工整、美觀、適量,書寫時(shí)注意“筆順筆畫”,千萬不可以出現(xiàn)“錯(cuò)字白字”,盡可能和教學(xué)語言同步(這是得分點(diǎn)),最后別忘了“布置作業(yè)”。
最好能采用多媒體教學(xué)(試講時(shí)不允許“真實(shí)呈現(xiàn)”,技巧上可以用自己的語言“具體形象”的復(fù)述出來),這通常是可以加分的,也能體現(xiàn)新課程的理念。
七、試講完成以后還會有提問,基本上都是涉及到如何安排你所教的課程的,教學(xué)側(cè)重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在哪里,如果學(xué)生出現(xiàn)了這樣或那樣的問題你該如何等等。不要慌張,首先肯定教師提出的問題,并結(jié)合以往的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)予以適當(dāng)?shù)闹貜?fù)和肯定,與此同時(shí)思考應(yīng)對的策略。
回答的時(shí)候最好能有一個(gè)提綱,分幾點(diǎn)來說明你的觀點(diǎn),顯得層次鮮明,邏輯性強(qiáng)。點(diǎn)到即可,除非特別自信,不要過于展開。
心理素質(zhì)和基本的知識水平:
1、著裝。穿衣服一定不要太隨便,也不要太花哨,很多評委看不慣。盡量整潔、斯文 點(diǎn)。如果你是女孩子,可以化點(diǎn)淡妝,但千萬不要濃妝艷抹。
2、備課一定要充分,所謂的充分有三層意思:
(1)內(nèi)容要稍多一些,多準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)不要緊,可跟椐試講時(shí)間(10分鐘)自己控制。
(2)試講主要是評委想了解你的“口才”,當(dāng)然也看看你有多少“料”。
(3)內(nèi)容可以插入一些新穎、前沿的知識,同社會某些現(xiàn)狀加以聯(lián)系。這樣會讓評委感覺你很有“料”,能夠把握最新進(jìn)展,能夠理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際!
3、試講之前一定要默練。即使你有足夠的信心也要默練一次。當(dāng)然,能面對自己的朋友演練就更好了,因?yàn)樗麄兓蛟S還能給你提點(diǎn)意見和建議呢!
4、寫一手漂亮的“板書”或畫“簡筆畫”會給一些評委留下一個(gè)很好的印象,二來,在寫的過程中,可以想:接下來我要講什么?也就是說,給自己一個(gè)緩沖的時(shí)間,消消緊張情緒,當(dāng)然不要因緊張而寫的飛快,慢點(diǎn)寫不要緊,關(guān)鍵是把字寫好,寫的有條理。
5、講話語速不要太快。這是試講者共有的一個(gè)不足。如果真的試講時(shí)語速突然加快了(有時(shí)面對下面一雙雙陌生的眼睛,你自己都無法控制),就停下來,做個(gè)深呼吸,效果還是不錯(cuò)的。
6、試講完后,可能下面的評委會問你幾個(gè)問題。這時(shí),你“最熟悉最感興趣的內(nèi)容”的優(yōu)越性就體現(xiàn)出來了,對于自己會的,不要搶著回答(為了證明自己懂),等人家完全問完了,自己再回答,當(dāng)然可以停頓一下想想再說;對于自己確實(shí)不會的,一定不要亂說(不會本來就不好了,再亂說豈不是罪加一等),直接說:這個(gè)問題我確實(shí)不太清楚。在回答問題的時(shí)候,一定要保持面帶微笑,這種微笑會讓你省去很多麻煩的。
1、慢點(diǎn):一緊張,絕對說話太快,人家不易聽懂,時(shí)刻提醒自己說清楚,慢點(diǎn),寧愿沒說完。
2、目光:自信,眼光要看著聽課得人,把他們想象成學(xué)生(根據(jù)授課對象決定)
3、熟悉:熟悉能夠緩解緊張,做到可以脫稿。
4、專注:把思想專注在要說得內(nèi)容上,全身心投入。
5、互動:適當(dāng)和聽者互動,提問等方式,試講時(shí)可“自問自答”。
6、條理:注意教學(xué)過程各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之間的邏輯與銜接自然。
7、慢點(diǎn),還是要再慢點(diǎn)。
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第五篇:高中英語教師資格證試講面試
教師資格證中學(xué)英語面試閱讀題真題一 1.試講題目: 閱讀教學(xué)試講
內(nèi)容: One day, a man called the taxi company to get a taxi to go to the airport, but after a very long time, the taxi did not come.He called the girl in the taxi company again.The girl in the taxi company said, “ the taxi has not come, but you need not to worry about it as the airplane is always late.” the man answered, “certainly, the airplane will be late this morning, because I happen to be flying it.”
基本要求:(1)朗讀所給段落。(2)配合教學(xué)內(nèi)容適當(dāng)?shù)陌鍟?3)針對該段落中的劃線部分,設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的閱讀后教學(xué)活動。(4)試講時(shí)間: 約 10 分鐘。(5)用英文試講。
Teaching Plan Teaching Aims:
1.Knowledge aim: let students master the useful word and expressions in the reading material.2.Ability aim: let the students learn how to communicate with other persons in a more polite way.Learn the reading skills of skim and scan.3.Emotional aim: let the students to know the importance of respecting other people and communicate with other people in a good manner.Teaching Procedures:
Step one: lead-in(5 minutes)Show the students some pictures about the vehicles such as bike, taxi, and airplane and let them match the names with the pictures.Step two: new words and phrases(10 minutes)Write the new words and expressions from the reading material such as taxi, airport and let the students read after the teachers.Step three: while-reading(20 minutes)Ask the students about the main idea about the text through a quick reading about the whole text.Let the students do “T” or “F” exercise.Let the students conclude the main idea about each paragraph.Step Four: consolidation(9 minutes)Divide the whole class into two groups.Choose a team leader of each group.Let the group one act the whole scenario based on the reading material faithfully.And let group two have some adaptations of the scenario based on the reading material.Step Five: Homework(1 minutes)Let the students to write a composition about the ending of this story.Good morning, class, in the previous class, we have learned a reading text about the manner and ways of communication, do you still remember? And in this class, we are going to learn another text about manner and ways of communication as well as some names of vehicles in the reading material.First of all, I’d like you do the match exercise on the blackboard.As you can see that, on the left part of this blackboard, there are some names of automobiles, and on the right part of the blackboard, there are some pictures.Can you match the names on the left with the pictures on the right.Who can have a try? OK, Mike, tell me your choice.Great, your answer is right, this can be matched with this picture, and this name represents the taxi, and this is a picture about a plane.Very good,class, you have done a very good job.Then,I will read this text for you, please listen carefully, and try to get the main idea about the reading material.OK, after I read this text, I’d show you some new words and expressions in the reading material.The first word is “taxi”(在黑板上板書寫上這個(gè)單詞),this word means “出租車” in Chinese.And the second word is “airport” , before I tell you the meaning of this word, can you guess the meaning of this word? Class, who can have a try? We can combine what we have learned with what we are going to learn today.I will give you some hints, we say “by air” in English which means “乘飛機(jī)”,and “air” is related with “飛機(jī)”,and “port” is a place where we park a ship or other vehicles.So, class, after you have understood these, can anyone tell me the Chinese meaning of this word? Maria, please, Yes, very good.It means “飛機(jī)場” in Chinese.OK, since you have mastered the new words and expressions in the reading material, I will give you 2 minutes to read this whole text, and then I will check whether you understand it or not, now let’s start.Time is up, now, class, please listen to my statements carefully and judge whether it is true or false.OK, the first statement is that “one day, a woman called the taxi company to get a taxi to get him to go to the airport”, who can tell me whether this statement is right or wrong? Yes, great, Mike did a very good job.This statement is wrong, a man rather than a woman called the taxi company to get a taxi for him.Now, I will give my second statement, “ the man called the taxi company three times”, class, whether this statement is true or false? OK, Julia, yes, you are right, this is false.You two have done very well.Now, please listen to my final statement, “the man is a pilot”, who can tell me whether this statement is true or false.OK, Joe, your answer is “?”, I am afraid, you do not understand the whole text yet.Actually the man is a pilot in this story.Why I draw this conclusion? If you look at the final sentence in this reading material, you will find that “it” in this sentence means “airplane”, so the man is going to call a taxi to drive him to go to the airport, because he is a pilot, if he doesn’t not arrive at this airport on time, he will not be able to fly an airplane.也就是說,這個(gè)男人就是一個(gè)飛行員,如果他所呼叫的出租車沒有準(zhǔn)時(shí)到的話,他也就不能準(zhǔn)時(shí)達(dá)到機(jī)場,他所開的航班也會延誤。Now, can you understand the whole text? Class.If we must understand this reading material thoroughly, we should pay more attention to each and very fact in this reading material in order to get further understanding about this text.OK, in the following part, we will do a role play game.I will divide the whole class into two groups, the first group will act the whole scenario based on the plot in this reading material faithfully.The other group will make some adaptation based on this reading material to make the communication between the man and the woman in the text more polite and proper.Now I will give you three minutes, ready go!Time is up, class, now, I will check your work, can you act you play in front of the class?....OK, both groups have done a very good job.Class, have you noticed that if we communicate with each other in a way the group two did, we will have more understanding and mutual respect in our daily life.For example, in their adaptation, they changed the girl’s words.The girl said,“we will arrange another taxi for you instead of saying that as the airplane will be late.” from this example, we can see that we should pay attention to our behavior in communication with other people, if we want to get respects from other people, we should respect others first.Only by doing that, can we communicate with each other more politely and properly.OK, class, our class is going to be over, our homework is to write a story about the end of this story.What will happen to the man and the girl in the story? You can think about it after class.You can have a rest now.教師資格證中學(xué)英語面試真題二
試講題目: 閱讀教學(xué)試講
內(nèi)容: Class 9 had a great time on the school trip.They went to Blue Water Aquarium for the day.First they visited the visitors center and watched about sharks.Then they watched a dolphin show.After that, they went to the outdoor Pool and saw a big octopus.After lunch, they went to the Gift Shop and bought lots of gifts.Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.At the end of the day, the science teacher was very happy because the class monitor cleaned the bus after the trip.基本要求:(1)朗讀所給段落。(2)配合教學(xué)內(nèi)容適當(dāng)?shù)陌鍟?3)針對該段落中的劃線部分,設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的閱讀后教學(xué)活動。(4)試講時(shí)間: 約 10 分鐘。(5)用英文試講。教師
資格證中學(xué)英語面試真題三
寫作教學(xué)試講
內(nèi)容: Dear Editor, I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo in our town.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.I’ve visited a lot of zoos in my life, and I have never seen one I liked or one that was suitable for animals to live in.Just last week, I visited a zoo and couldn’t believe what I saw.The animals are kept in tiny cages and can hardly move at all.And they are only given food once a day.Is this a good way for animals to live? I don’t think so.Sincerely, Disgusted 基本要求:(1)朗讀所給短信。(2)配合教學(xué)內(nèi)容適當(dāng)?shù)陌鍟?3)針對該短信的體裁與結(jié)構(gòu)特征,設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的書信寫作教學(xué)活動。(4)試講時(shí)間: 約 10 分鐘。(5)用英文試講。
教師資格證中學(xué)英語面試真題四
試講題目: 詞匯講學(xué)試講
內(nèi)容: 在初中七年級下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)時(shí),周老師希望幫助學(xué)生鞏固以下的詞匯;Soccer, strawberry,hamburgers, baseball, enjoy, difficult, boring, uncle,practice
基本要求:(1)朗讀所給單詞。(2)配合教學(xué)內(nèi)容適當(dāng)?shù)陌鍟?3)針對所提供的詞匯,設(shè)計(jì)詞匯鞏固性教學(xué)活動。(4)試講時(shí)間: 約 10 分鐘。(5)用英文試講。
2013下半年全國教師資格證考試面試真題(中學(xué)英語:高中英語)結(jié)構(gòu)化試題(5分鐘)
1.前蘇聯(lián)教育家蘇霍姆林斯基曾說過“教師的一言一行對學(xué)生都起著榜樣作用”,談?wù)勀銓@句話的理解。
2.學(xué)生喜歡老師,才會喜歡老師的課。談?wù)勀銓@句話的看法。英文試講題(語法講解,10分鐘)
One of the favorite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pull long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track.One person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encourage them.The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of the crowd make an exciting Northern experience.The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur and many with blue eyes.讀一遍短文,并對文中的語法進(jìn)行講解。答辯 試講后英文問答(5分鐘)
What’s the difference between the 3 words: shouting, barking and exciting? Do these 3 words have the same function?
一.詞匯
I.Teaching Objectives 1.Knowlwdge Objectives(1)Help students know the collocation and meanings of the following words and phrases: embarrassed, instruction, far from, nothing like, looking forward to etc.(2)Help students acquire the use of adjective ending –ing and –ed.(3)Help students know the use of present continuous tense 2.Ability Objectives(1)Enable students to use these new words correctly in speaking and writing.(2)Enable students to use adjective ending –ing and –ed correctly in daily life to describe sth.II.Important Points 1.Master some phrase, and some new words 2.Master the use of adjective ending –ing and-ed III.Difficult Points Analyze components of a sentence
IV.Teaching Methods 1.Practice, discover, Asking and Answering, Explaining 2.Teaching Aids: text book
V.Teaching Procedures stepI Reading(1 minute)T: Good morning, boys and girls.First let’s read the new words and new phrases, please turn to page 113 and read the new words from enthusiastic to amazed, go(enthusiastic, amazing, information, website, brilliant, comprehension, instruction , embarrassed, description, amazed)OK.Very good!
Step II Lead-in(1 minute)T: Everybody, after we have studied this passage(My first day at senior high), we all know that the writer had a wonderful experience of his first day in senior high school.In this class let’s study some useful words and phrases.Phrases(look forward to, far from, nothing like)and words(bored/boring tired/tiring excited/exciting surprising/surprised interesting/interested embarrassed /embarrassing)
Step III Careful analyzing(8 minutes)(此處挑兩個(gè)講即可)Teaching Plan for Module 1(SEFC Book 1)OK.Well done!Now let’s look at some of the difficult points in the text!
The first one: 1.the classrooms in li kang’s school are amazing/ some students were embarrassed at first.Fellows we have already learned the adjective ending –ing and –ed in our junior high school, so let’s turn to page 7 and complete the sentences.Two minutes.(then the teacher check the answers), then let us look at grammar 2 the 2nd one choose the correct explanation according to the exercise we have done in page 7.ok it seems that you have a clear mind of the 2 kinds of endings, so let us find more examples in our text.(2nd paragraph, the classrooms are amazing, the3rd I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class, the 4th paragraph some students were embarrassed at first)The next one.2?and Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school.(the sentence under the picture)Nothing like means,“絲毫不象”in chinese。
Eg: Math class is nothing like Chinese class, because the former is focus on logic thinking, the latter is main tell us how to think in a different way.The third.3.I'm looking forward to doing it!look forward to sth./doing sth.In this structure to is used as a preposition I look forward to hearing from you as early as possible.(do you remember some other this kind of phrases)
There are some other preposition phrases :(ask students the same kind of words they have learned in their junior school:do you remember some other this kind of phrases look forward to 盼望?? turn to 求助于;轉(zhuǎn)向;翻到??pay attention to 注意?? stick to 堅(jiān)持get down to 開始認(rèn)真干??object to 反對point to 指向see to 處理,料理devote?to? 貢獻(xiàn)??給?
Pay attention to ____(walk)along this risky bridge.There is not much time , lets get down to ___(walk)on this research.Teachers’whole life is devoted to_____(teach)We should object to ___(tell)lies.Step V Summary(1mins)T: In this class we have learned some useful phrases and words.do you still remember their meaning ?(nothing like , look forward to)and now are you clear how to use the adjective ending –ed and –ing.Step VI Homework Assignment(1 mins)T: After class, let’s have a revision of the present tense and preview listening and vocabulary, then do the exercises in text book.So much for this class, bye!
聽力Listening(板書內(nèi)容)Part 1:lead-in(板書內(nèi)容)Step 1 Talk about the topic Give students enough background of the topic.Also let them familiar with the difficult words, especially new words.了解背景 熟悉主題
T: Good afternoon, my boys and girls.Welcome back to my class.I am so glad to see you again.Have you had a good weekend? Yeah!Then what did you do during the summer holiday? Sleep, watch TV, or travel with parents? I see.All of you had a wonderful weekend.Well, today I will introduce a new friend to you;let’s share what she did during the holiday.Now, listen to the tape carefully, and then I’ll ask you some questions.(教師說的內(nèi)容,說完暫停!表示在進(jìn)行聽力,但不要太長,大約數(shù)1、2、3秒即可)
Hey, I’m your new friend Tiffany!Last Sunday, I went to the park with my friends for a picnic.We took several bread and some bottles of water with us for lunch.Of course we didn't forget to take some fruits and we even took some tomatoes and cucumbers.It took us thirty minutes to get there by bike.As it was a sunny day, there were lots of people in the park.Firstly, we climbed the mountain and went boating.Then it was the time for lunch, we took out the food and began to prepare our lunch.Though it was not cooked well, we ate happily.When we finished the picnic, we picked up the rubbish and threw it into the dustbin.We thought it was our duty to keep the good environment.We didn’t go home until it was dark.We all enjoyed ourselves.(聽力錄音材料)
T:Ok, do you understand the story?Yeah!Well, I will ask some you some questions.1.Why did Tiffany and her friends go to the park? 2 What did they take to the park? 3 what did they do after the picnic? T: The first question, now who can answer the questions in volunteer? oh, Lily.(pause)(平伸右手,手掌朝上,示意學(xué)生回答)Good!Go for a picnic.T: The second question, who want to try? Tom, please.(pause)(平伸右手,手掌朝上,示意學(xué)生回答)Very good!(右手伸出大拇指,示意回答得很棒)bread, bottles of water , fruits, tomatoes, cucumbers.Very good T: The third question, Can you find the answer? Ok, Susan.(pause)(平伸右手,手掌朝上,示意學(xué)生回答)yes, perfect.(雙手伸出大拇指,示意回答得很棒)When we finished the picnic, we picked up the rubbish and threw it into the dustbin.Part 2 pre –listening(板書內(nèi)容)
Guess the meaning of the following words(板書內(nèi)容)猜測詞意 掃清障礙 Now, you have understood the story well.Let’s look at the details of the text.① phases First of all, let’s look at the phrases in the text.1 Go for a picnic.Have food outdoors 2 By bike it’s an important phrase.“By” plus transport is the meaning of taking transport.For example By bike/train/bus/ship/airplane/foot, no, it is on foot, not by foot.3 pick up take sth up I picked up the money on the ground.Ok so much for the phrases.②important sentences 1.It took us thirty minutes to get there by bike.The sentence instruction is :It takes/took sb some time to do sth.And the question sentence of this instruction is: How long does/did it take sb to sth.For example: How long does it take you to go home? It usually takes me 20minutes to go home.Who can make a sentence?
T: Don’t be shy, just have a try.(環(huán)顧四周)Tom, do you want to have a try?(Pause)OK!How long does it take you to go to school? Yes, great!It takes me half an hour to go to school.Great, sit down please.2The next sentence is: We didn’t go until it was dark.The sentence instruction is : not until.what’s the meaning of the phrase?
直到...才。這句話的意思是,直到天黑我們才回家,而不是我們沒回家直到天黑 I won’t go until you come back.直到你回來我才離去。Who want to try?Yeah, Bob.I didn’t go to sleep until I finished my homework.Great.Sit down.Well, you have mastered the sentences.Part 3: Post-listening Challenge yourself鞏固提升 復(fù)述材料 挑戰(zhàn)自我
T: Now, who can tell us” What’s the passage mainly about?” Please give your answer in a complete sentence with “The passage tells us?????.” T: Who will try? Don’t be shy!(環(huán)顧四周)Tom, do you want to have a try?(Pause)OK!(Pretend to be listening)T: Very good!Your answer is wonderful!(右手伸出大拇指,示意回答得很棒)T: Tom said” The passage tells us______________________________________________”
Part 4: Homework Ok, time is limited, practices more after class.After learning the text, would you like to go for a picnic? Yes, then where do you want to go and what do you want to take? Make a plan after class, I’ll ask some students to share their plans next class.Ok, class is over.語法
Part 1: Independent reading 名詞性從句的用法
T: Good morning/afternoon, boys and girls.Today, we’ll learn a new grammar style名詞性從句Noun clauses.1.Read the play, which are mainly about this kind of grammar? Try to find the sentences.(pause)T: Ok.Stop here!Can you say one sentence? Now, who want to share your works? Ok, Tom, please.(手勢語:平伸右手,手掌朝上,示意學(xué)生回答。做邊聽狀,邊板書第一個(gè)句子,這個(gè)要提前備課,就是您早就準(zhǔn)備好的句子!)May we ask what you are doing in this country?
T: Very good,sit down, please.Now, who want to say the next? Ok, Lily, please.(同上,寫第二個(gè)句子!)I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning.T: Very good,sit down, please.Now, who want to share the last one? Ok, Kate, please.(同上,寫第三個(gè)句子!)The fact is that I earned my passage by doing sth.(課本上的三個(gè)句子)T: Very good,sit down, please.T: Now, we can see the Noun clause is a piece of cake, or we can say, it’s just so so.Are we right? Let’s look at the Ex 2 and try to finish the exercise of this part.If you can not solve the problem, first, lists problems of your own, then you can discuss in pairs;after discussion, you two can’t solve it, come to the blackboard and write it down.Part 2 comprehension 理解(寫完板書,此時(shí),就下去轉(zhuǎn)一下,回來在黑板上寫1-2個(gè)難句子,就當(dāng)是學(xué)生寫的)Difficult point 1: What do you think of the bet the brothers have made? Difficult point 2: What do you think will happen to Henry?
Research 1: students’ comprehension to the grammar.T: Very good, just now two of our students wrote down two sentences, they think the sentences are much harder to understand.Can we help them to under the two sentences? T: Now, who want to try? Ok, Susan, please.(手勢語:平伸右手,手掌朝上,示意學(xué)生回答。)Which sentence do you want to explain to them?(Pause)Ok, the first one.(Pause)Ok, Susan’s explanation is very good!I must say that the bet is very interesting.sit down, please.T: Now, who can solve the second sentence?(Look around)
Research 2: With the teacher’s help to understand the grammar.T: Nobody? Really? Ok, let me help you.You can use “I must say that_____________” Here.Here, can” that” be left out?(Pause)Right!It can not be left out.Does it have any meanings?(Pause)Right.It has no any meaning.(此處用漢語解釋語法現(xiàn)象,在講解時(shí)可以在原句上畫點(diǎn)記號什么的,目的是幫助,不是全部解決)Now, who can have a try in volunteer? Ok, Linda, please!(Pause)Ok, Linda’s explanation is very good!I must say that Henry will live a happy life.Sit down, please.T: Now, who can draw a conclusion to the grammar which we learnt in this text in volunteer? Nobody? Ok, let’s discuss in groups!
Part 3: The rule of the grammar(寫完板書,此時(shí),就下去轉(zhuǎn)一下,回來看練習(xí)四,當(dāng)堂測驗(yàn))T: Well, Tom, it’s you again!Please!(Pause)Very good!Thank you, sit down please.名詞性從句:缺什么補(bǔ)什么,不缺什么用“that”.(簡析語法現(xiàn)象)And now let’s finish Ex 4, now I’ll ask some of you to finish two of them.1 The reason was ________________________.His concern is___________________________.T: Who will answer in volunteer? Bush and Black!OK!Come to the black board and finish them!(自己寫上就OK了)1 The reason was that he met a strong wind.4 His concern is whether they can offer him a job.Very good!Quite right!Thank you, go back to your seat and sit down please.Part 4: Homework T: Ok, so much for this class.After class, please finish Ex 5 on page 21.That’s all for today, see you!
寫作課:Writing class : Healthy eating(健康飲食)Teaching Objectives(教學(xué)目標(biāo)):
一、知識技能目標(biāo):
總結(jié)平衡膳食的定義,并且能提出一些健康建議。
二、情感態(tài)度目標(biāo):了解有關(guān)營養(yǎng)飲食的基本常識和培養(yǎng)健康的飲食習(xí)慣。
教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):
1.教學(xué)重點(diǎn):如何區(qū)分健康食品以及垃圾食品并且會用英語表達(dá);.2.教學(xué)難點(diǎn): 教會學(xué)生如何自如表達(dá)自己的意見和建議并且?guī)椭鷮W(xué)生總結(jié)出平衡膳食的定義。
教學(xué)步驟:
Part 1 導(dǎo)入(Warming up)1.以一句話:“Everybody needs foods, so do I”及麥當(dāng)勞、肯德基的相關(guān)飲食引入話題。(1 分鐘)T: Good afternoon, boys and girls.Today we’ll talk about “Healthy eating(板書的內(nèi)容)“.We have three meals everyday.Everybody needs foods, so do I.I want to know the following questions.The first question: Have you had lunch or breakfast in McDonald’s or KFC? The second question: Do you like the food there? The third question: Which one do you prefer?”
(The purpose of this part is to stimulate Ss’ interest and call their attention to the topic.)
Part 2 小組練習(xí)(Pair works)(3分鐘)
T: Now, two students in pairs to ask each other about the above three questions, and then I’ll ask some of you to practice the dialogue in front of all of us.Now, let’s begin.(下去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn))T: Ok.Now, which pair wants to act this dialogue in volunteer?(Pause)Tom and Kate, please.Good!Sit down please.T: Any other pair?(Pause)Well, Linda and Susan, please.(Pause,pretend to be listening)Good!Sit down please.Part 3 頭腦風(fēng)暴(Brain storming)3分鐘
1、Now, I will divide the whole class into two parts, the students on the left will be Group One, and the students on the right will be Group Two.Let’s compete between the two groups.One student will be theleader to collect the names of the food.Let’s see which group will get more names of the food.Who will be the leader? Ok!Tom and Kate.Ready? Go!(Pause)Ok!Now, let’s show the two sheets.(展示兩張紙,寫點(diǎn)對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容就行,一會好念,提前備課時(shí)就寫好)Group One win the game!Well done!(把學(xué)生分成兩組競賽,看哪組的同學(xué)收集的食物單詞多,然后教師教導(dǎo)朗讀(2-3分鐘)
Part 4 句型練習(xí)(Sentence structure practicing)(2分鐘)
Now, I’ll show some of the names of food on the black board,(讀其中的一些食物名稱)let’s discuss which are junk food and which are healthy food? You can use the sentence structure” I think that(or the food name)is junk/healthy food because?.” And you can talk about “What is the name of the food? / What nutrition does it mainly contain?” Four students in a group, and let’s begin.(Pause, Junk food VS Healthy food,板書完成后,此時(shí)可下去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn))老師先展示如何使用句型:“I think that(or the food name)is junk/healthy food because?.”來描述什么是健康食品,什么是垃圾食品。然后把學(xué)生按4人分成一組進(jìn)行討論練習(xí),老師給出了對話該涉及的內(nèi)容范圍:What is the name of the food? / What nutrition(營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))does it mainly contain?(2分鐘)
Part 5: Activity task----make a survey活動任務(wù)---做調(diào)查報(bào)告(2分鐘)T: Now I’ll give you a sheet.Ask 3 students around you about their dieting habits, and offer them some advice.You can use the sentence structure as” You should take less?, and you should have more?.”(Pause,可以下去轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn))給學(xué)生發(fā)一張表格,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按照表格詢問周圍3個(gè)左右的同學(xué),了解同學(xué)間的飲食習(xí)慣,并能提出一些健康建議。調(diào)查的表格如下:(可忽略不備)
Part6.布置作業(yè)(1分鐘左右)
T: Ok, let’s see the food Pyramid map together.(稍微暫停)From this picture you may well understand how to keep a balanced diet in our daily life.After class, write a composition about “Healthy Eating”.Ok, so much for this class.Class is over, see you!老師在課件上展示食物金字塔圖,讓學(xué)生了解飲食的營養(yǎng)應(yīng)如何平衡,然后布置作業(yè):讓學(xué)生自己寫一篇健康飲食的作文。
板書設(shè)計(jì) Healthy Eating 1.Junk food VS Healthy food 2.Balanced diet
口語Speaking Step 1: Leading in: by discussion.Hi, boys and girls.We are now living in a highly developed world, with advanced culture and highly developed civilizations.But have you ever thought what are the base of all the culture and civilizations? Oh, yes, they are based on those which were created by our great, great grandfathers lived a long, long time ago.No one exactly knows what they lived on, what were their housing and home decoration conditions, what kind of tools they usually used in their production activities, and what entertainment they had in their spare time.Anyway, we can imagine!So now, let’s divide into groups of four and, with the help of your imagination, discuss what kinds of food the early man ate, what their housing conditions and home decorations were like, what tools they made and what entertainment they had in their spare time.Then I’ll ask some of you to report the results to the whole class.Step 2: role play T: Good, sit down.Please turn to page 72, look at the SPEAKING part.You should read it with your partner, then, do the roles play.(Teacher writes bb--middle)Making suggestions and giving advice: 1.What can you suggest? Maybe we/you could ?? 2.Can I ask you for some advice? I suggest(that)?? 3.Can you help me decide? That’s a good idea.4.What do you have in mind? Well, but what about?? Have you considered doing???
T: OK, time is up.In our daily life, we often ask someone for advice when we can’t make a decision.On the other hand, we often give other advice if they come to us for help.How can we ask for and give advice in English? Let’s look at the blackboard.There are several sentences about giving advice , please read it follow me.T: Make sure you can use these sentences when you are making suggestion.Who can give us a dialogue? Any volunteers? T: x x, you please, you can choose one of the situation in speaking part.T: Excellent
Step 3: Interview T: We are going to have an interview.You are a host and your partner is Helen.Now give a chat with Helen.I’ll give you several minutes to prepare.T: Time is up.Which pair would like you have a try? Lily, your group please.Q.What skills do you think young people need to succeed in life? A.Set Goals, plan for success, and believe in themselves.Q.In this high-tech world, what’s the most important aspect of education? A.A well-rounded education with a broad view of the world.Q.Who was the biggest influence in your life? Why? A.My parents, Sir Edmund Hillary Q.What’s the toughest part of your job? A.Finding time to do all that I want.Q.When you were a teenager, what place in the world did you most want to visit, and have you traveled there yet? Was it as wonderful as you thought it would be? Why or why not? A.The magnetic North Pole was my dream.I am the first woman to walk there alone without support.I wrote a best selling book about my journey with my polar bear dog Charlie who saved my life from polar bears.When I finally arrived after having survived storms, a tent fire, frozen fingers, broken sea ice and polar bears I had a tremendous feeling of achievement.I didn’t matter that I was first.It mattered that I had a goal, a plan and therefore I stood at the Pole.T: Very good.Thank you.I will ask another two students.Any volunteers? Lily, your group please.?
Blackboard design Speaking Step 1 Discussion Step 2: Role play 1.What can you suggest? Maybe we/you could?? 2.Can I ask you for some advice? I suggest(that)?? Step 3: Interview
閱讀reading Step 1 Lead-in 導(dǎo)入 Brainstorm Class begins.Good morning, boys and girls.Today we will learn a new unit together.First let’s get to know the man, who is called Mr.Nature.He is very emotional.When he is happy, he stays calm and shows us beautiful natural scenery.But when he gets angry, he becomes a troublemaker and causes many natural disasters.Do you know the meaning of natural disaster? Yes, it means自然災(zāi)害, for example, the earthquake happened in Ya’an last month, which caused great damage.Besides earthquake, what other kinds of natural disasters do you know? Please brainstorm and try to think of as many natural disasters as you can.Suggested answers: typhoon 臺風(fēng)/ volcanic eruption 火山爆發(fā)/thunderstorm 暴風(fēng)雨 Flood 洪水/tsunami 海嘯/ drought 干旱/ hurricane(tornado)颶風(fēng),龍卷風(fēng) Guys, you’ve done a great job.Have you experienced any natural disaster we mentioned just now? You please.Suggested answers: You have experienced flood in summer.What did you see? The flood water covered the whole city and you had to stay at home.Can you describe your feelings at that time? You felt frightened and nervous.Step 2 Reading 1)Skimming/Listening Yes, I totally agree with you.In most cases, natural disasters can be very frightening.Today we will read a passage about natural disasters.Please take out your handout and listen to the tape.After listening, please tell me the main idea of this passage and in what order this passage is organized.You only have 2 minutes.Ready? Go!Time is up.Who would like to tell us the main idea? Tom, would you please have a try? Suggested answers: This passage talks about Tangshan earthquake, the largest earthquake of 20th century.Very good? Can you tell me in what order this passage is developed? In order of time.How do you know that? Because the writer first describes strange things in the first part and then tells us the city was destroyed by the earthquake.Lastly, he says the army came after earthquake.Yes, you are right.2)Scanning In the first part, the writer tells us strange things happened before the earthquake.We know that before some natural disaster, there are sometimes warning signs from nature.If we have such kind of knowledge, we can reduce the damage.Please go through the first paragraph quickly and try to figure out what signs did the author mention? You only have one minute.Here we go!Now let’s read for more details.Let’s go through the whole passage and try to find the answers to the following three questions.Step 2 Fast reading 泛讀
Read the text quickly and try to finish the following exercises.A.New words or phrases burst: break open because of pressure from inside at an end: finished nation: all the people in the country steam: gas that hot water gives out in ruins: destroyed extreme: very great in degree useless: of no use shocked: surprised very much rescue: save somebody or something from danger shelter: a place that protects you from the weather or danger B.Questions 1.When did the Tangshan earthquake happen? Suggested answers: The earthquake happened at 3:42 am on July 28, 1976.2.How many people were killed or injured in the earthquake? Suggested answers: More than 400, 000 people were killed or injured in the earthquake.3.Was all hope lost? How did the army help the people there after the earthquake? Suggested answers: No, all hope was not lost.The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Step 3 post-Reading 1.Discussion Suppose an earthquake happens now, what should we do to keep ourselves safe? Please discuss natural wonders in groups and your discussion should be based on the two questions.This time, the group leader should take down your group members’ ideas and sum them up in your own words.Later, we will share your ideas with all of us here.Understand me? Time is up.Any group would like to share your idea with us? Suggested answers: 1.Don’t be nervous and keep calm.2.Don’t try to run out of the classroom at once.3.Protect your head by putting your school bag on your head.4.Squat under your desk.5.Leave the classroom after the earthquake.2.Interview Have you noticed that news reporters and interviewers play an important role in keep us informed after Ya’an earthquake happened? Next, please choose a paragraph and act out an interview between a reporter and survivor from the Tangshan earthquake.Make a dialogue with your partner.I will give you three minutes and then I will invite some of you to act itout.Step 4 Summary and assiagnment We have done a lot of things today.Firstly, we have talked about?.Then, we discussed.Next, we learned some useful words and expressions.Here comes your assignment: 1.Retell the passage.2.Search the Internet to find more information about earthquake.