第一篇：be動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式有三種可能

be動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式有三種可能：

-ing:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí), I'm trying to give you the right answer.-ed:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), I'm told that you don't know her.to do: 1.表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事。例如：

When are you to leave for home?你什么時(shí)候回家？

They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們告了別，不知道以后再也不會(huì)見(jiàn)面了。2.表示“應(yīng)該”，相當(dāng)于should, ought to。例如： You are to report to the police.你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。3.表示“必須”，相當(dāng)于must, have to。例如：

The letter is to be handed to him in person.這封信必須親手交給他。4.表示“想，打算”，相當(dāng)于intend, want。例如：

If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.如果我們要在十點(diǎn)前到，我們現(xiàn)在就得走。

5.用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如： Am I to go on with the work?要我繼續(xù)完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？ What are we to do next?我們下一步該怎么辦？ 6.用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相當(dāng)于mustn’t。例如：

You are not to smoke in the reading-room.你不可以在閱覽室里吸煙。7.表示“可以，可能”，相當(dāng)于may, can。例如：

The news is to be found in the evening paper.這條消息可以在晚報(bào)上見(jiàn)到。

8.were to do sth.用于if或even if / even though從句中，表示對(duì)未來(lái)的假設(shè)。例如：

If I were to tell you that I killed him, would you believe me?要是我告訴你是我殺了他，你會(huì)相信嗎？

9.be to blame(該受責(zé)備，對(duì)某壞事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任)與be to let(待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：

Which driver is to blame for the accident?這事故是哪個(gè)司機(jī)的責(zé)任？ This house is to let.這房子要出租。

第二篇：動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化有三種形式

動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾變化有三種形式。

(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s，-s在清輔音后讀／s／，在濁輔音或元音后讀／z／ds讀／dz／，ts 讀／ts／。

如：

help→helps／helps／，know→knows／n?uz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri?dz／

(2)以字母s，x，ch，sh或有些以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es，-es讀／iz／。

如：

guess→guesses／'??siz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti?t?iz／，wash→washes／'w??iz／

注意：go→goes／??uz／，do→does／d?z／

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-es，-ies讀／iz／。

如：

carry→carries／'k?riz／，fly→flies／flaiz／

注：在play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／中，字母y前為元音字母，第三人稱單數(shù)形式直接在動(dòng)詞后面加-s。

(4)特殊詞例外。如：

be→is，have→has

以不發(fā)音字母―e‖結(jié)尾的開(kāi)音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是[s]，[z]時(shí)，加―s‖后字母―e‖發(fā)音，與所加―s‖，一起讀做[iz]。

如：

close－closes [iz]

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下：

一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed，如：

work—worked piay—played want--wanted act--acted

以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-d，如： live--lived move--moved decide--decided decline--declined hope--hoped judge—judged raise--raised wipe--wiped

以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed，如：

study--studied try--tried copy--copied justify--justified

cry--cried carry--carried embody--embodied empty--emptied

以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-ed，如： stop--stopped beg--begged fret--fretted drag--dragged

drop—dropped

plan--planned dot--dotted drip--dripped

注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，須多加記憶。

go – went make – made get – got buy – bought come-came fly-flew

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則變化

AB型

can--could

shall--should

will--would

may--might AAA型

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt

let let let

must must must

put put put

set set set

shut shut shut

read read read

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become

run ran run come came come

ABB型

bring

brought

brought

buy

bought

bought

think

thought

thought

catch

caught

caught

teach

taught

taught

build

built

built

lend

lent

lent

send

sent

sent

spend

spent

spent

dig

dug

dug

hang

hung

hung

feel

felt

felt

keep

kept

kept

sleep

slept

slept

sweep

swept

swept

leave

left

left

smell

smelt

smelt

pay

paid

paid

say

said

said

sell

sold

sold

tell

told

told

sit

sat

sat

spit spat spat

stand

stood

stood

understand

understood

understood

learn

learnt

learnt

mean

meant

meant

win

won

won

have

had

had

make

made

made

hear

heard

heard

find

found

found

hold

held

held

ABC型

begin

began

begun

drink

drank

drunk

ring

rang

rung

sing

sang

sung

sink

sank

sunk

swim

swam

swum

blow

blew

blown

fly

flew

flown

grow

grew

grown

know

knew

known

throw

threw

thrown

draw

drew

drawn

show

showed

shown

break

broke

broken

choose

chose

chosen

forget

forgot

forgotten

freeze

froze

frozen

speak

spoke

spoken

wake

woke

woken

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate eaten

fall

fell

fallen

give

gave

given

hide

hid

hidden

ride

rode

ridden

rise

rose

risen

take

took

taken

mistake

mistook

mistaken

write

wrote

written

am,is

was

been

are

were

been

do

did

done

go

went

gone

lie

lay

lain

see

saw

seen

wear

wore

worn

易錯(cuò)型

show

showed

shown

draw

drew

drawn

fall

fell

fallen

feel

felt

felt

hold

held

held

help

helped

helped

think

thought

thought

thank

thanked

thanked

take

took

taken

talk

talked

talked

get

got

got

forget

forgot

forgotten

meet

met

met

mean

meant

meant

hit

hit

hit

hide hid hidden ring

rang

rung

bring

brought

brought eat

ate

eaten

beat

beat

beaten

lie

lay

lain

lay

laid

laid

find

found

found

found

founded

founded

buy

bought

bought

bring

brought

brought

learn

learnt

learnt

hear

heard

heard

第三篇：動(dòng)詞ing形式教案

動(dòng)詞的ing形式

1.-ing分詞的構(gòu)成

-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化.-ing分詞的否定形式是由not 加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：

Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等著。

His not coming made all of us angry.他沒(méi)來(lái)使我們大家都很生氣。

2.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式：

-ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

Being a student, he was interested in books.作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，他對(duì)書本很感興趣。

3.-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式：

-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。

The question being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問(wèn)題很重要。

注意：在need, want, require, be worth等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后，作賓語(yǔ)的-ing分詞常用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。如：

Your shoes need cleaning.= Your shoes need to be cleaned.你的鞋需要清洗一下了。

This book is well worth reading.這本書很值得一看。

4.-ing分詞的語(yǔ)法作用

-ing分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。

1)–ing分詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)：

Laying eggs is the ant queen??s full-time job.產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。

Saying is easier than doing.說(shuō)比做容易。

2)-ing分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)：

His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛(ài)好是收集郵票。

The problem is quite puzzling.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很令人困惑。

3)-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)：

①–ing分詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。如：I suggest doing it in a different way.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。

We enjoy attending Miss Li??s class.我們喜歡聽(tīng)李老師的課。

②-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)也可用在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中作真正的賓語(yǔ)，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：

I don?t think it possible living in such a cold place.我認(rèn)為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺(jué)得再試一次會(huì)有好處嗎？

③-ing分詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，經(jīng)常用在一些短語(yǔ)的后面。如：

I??m against inviting him to dinner.我反對(duì)邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)吃飯。

They don?t feel like walking that much.他們不喜歡走那么多路。

He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.他去了倫敦，希望能成為一個(gè)著名的畫家。

此類短語(yǔ)還有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, insist on（堅(jiān)持）, think of（考慮，想到）, dream of（夢(mèng)想）, hear of（聽(tīng)說(shuō)）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from（防止，阻止）, stop…from（防止，阻止）, depend on（依靠，依賴）, thank…for（因……而道謝）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（獻(xiàn)身于）, set about（著手做）, be/get used to（習(xí)慣于）, be fond of（喜歡）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（對(duì)……厭煩）, be interested in（對(duì)……感興趣）

注意：在有些句子中，介詞常可省去。如：

I have no difficulty(in)talking with foreigners.我在和外國(guó)人交談方面沒(méi)有什么困難。

He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.過(guò)去他常花很多時(shí)間玩游戲。

另外，-ing分詞可以和一些介詞如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句話也沒(méi)說(shuō)就提前離開(kāi)了。

Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four children.除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照顧四個(gè)孩子。

4)-ing分詞作定語(yǔ)：

①單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的前面。如：

reading room 閱覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車 sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室 a waiting car 一輛等待著的車 a sleeping child一個(gè)酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飛魚(yú) the exciting news令人振奮的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出

②-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：

Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰(shuí)？ They lived in a house facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。

5)-ing分詞做狀語(yǔ)：

①-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。如：

While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。

Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些畫，他想起了她的童年。

②-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

Not knowing his address, I can?t send this book to him.因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?，我不能把這本書送給他。

Many of us, being so excited, couldn?t go to sleep that night.因?yàn)榉浅＜?dòng)，那晚我們?cè)S多人都沒(méi)睡著。

③–ing分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。如：

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父親死了，留給他許多錢。

④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作。如：

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。

Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年輕人跟在老人的后面開(kāi)始慢慢地走起來(lái)。

⑤-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如：

A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一個(gè)人如站在大山的腳下會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the books.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我把書買下。

注：-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)。

⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況或時(shí)間、原因等。如：

His hair became grey with the years passing.隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。

Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.沒(méi)人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。

6)-ing分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：

①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來(lái)。

Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。

②上面這類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)，-ing分詞可看成是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：

We were kept waiting for quite a long time.讓我們等了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

Jily was never heard singing that song again.人們?cè)僖矝](méi)有聽(tīng)到吉麗唱這首歌了。

5.-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

-ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構(gòu)成，在句子開(kāi)頭時(shí)必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格，通常在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。如：

His coming made us very happy.他的到來(lái)使我們大家都很高。

He was awakened by someone?s knocking at the door.他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。

1.–ing分詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)與不定式的區(qū)別：

-ing分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的主要區(qū)別在于：在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時(shí)多用-ing分詞；在表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式。如：

Smoking is forbidden here.（泛指吸煙）這里禁止吸煙。

It?s not good for you to smoke so much.（指你吸煙）吸這么多煙對(duì)你的身體不好。

My job is teaching.我的工作是教書。

My job is to teach you English this term.我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。

2.能接-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：

mind（介意）, enjoy（欣賞，）, finish（完成）, keep（保持）, miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)）, 等。

3.有些動(dòng)詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing分詞，含義有所不同。如：

①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，而后接-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)表示分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。如：

Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)我嗎？

Remember to lock the door when you leave.離開(kāi)時(shí)要記得鎖門。

②動(dòng)詞mean, stop, try, go on等動(dòng)詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意思也有所不同。如：

I try not to think about that.我盡量不去想那件事。

Would you please try doing that again? 請(qǐng)你再試一次好嗎？

He stopped talking when the bell rang.鈴響的時(shí)候，他停止了講話。While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times.工作的時(shí)候，他不時(shí)地停下來(lái)和湯姆談話。

注意：有時(shí)人們把stop后的動(dòng)詞不定式理解為目的狀語(yǔ)。

③動(dòng)詞allow, advise等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：

Please allow me to say a few words.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說(shuō)幾句話。

We don?t allow smoking here.我們這兒不允許吸煙。

④動(dòng)詞need, require, want作“需要”解時(shí)，后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動(dòng)式。如：

The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned.這個(gè)房間需要打掃。

These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。

⑤動(dòng)詞like, hate, prefer等后面，如表示一般性動(dòng)作，多用-ing分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作，多用不定式。

I like swimming, but I don?t like to swim with you.我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。

I prefer walking to school every day.我情愿每天步行去學(xué)校。

I prefer to stay at home today.今天我情愿呆在家里。

V-ing形式的用法和意義

V-ing形式包括動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）1.動(dòng)名詞

動(dòng)名詞是指具有名詞性質(zhì)，可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。但不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)的v-ing形式； 1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的用法：

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，在口語(yǔ)中也可以表示具體的動(dòng)作。e.g.Painting is his hobby.(繪畫是他的愛(ài)好。)注意：①動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和不定式作主語(yǔ)一樣，也可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)。e.g.It is no use talking without doing.(光說(shuō)不做沒(méi)有用。)②不定式作主語(yǔ)往往表示具體的特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作；

e.g.It?s so hot, what I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.(天這么熱，現(xiàn)在我想做的事就是在河里游泳。)2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法：

(1)有些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；

e.g.advise, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, can?t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep(on), mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, give up, insist on, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, devote…to…, get used to, can?t stand, prevent / stop / keep…from…, look forward to, have difficulty in, be fond of…, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for, put off , stick to, suggest, think of, dream of, hear of, depend on, get used to, prevent / stop / keep…from ,have difficulty in, be fond of, be proud of, object to, set about, thank for等。

(2)在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成“～名詞/代詞+to do sth.(賓補(bǔ))”形式。

e.g.We don’t allow smoking here.(我們這兒不允許吸煙。)We don?t allow anybody to smoking here.(我們這兒不允許任何人吸煙。)(3)動(dòng)詞need, regret want意為“需要”時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)名詞得到主動(dòng)式(表示被動(dòng)的含義，)或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，意義沒(méi)有區(qū)別；

e.g.The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.= The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.(4)下列動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)名詞，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意義區(qū)別不大：

begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate等。(5)下列動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)名詞，也可用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，意義有明顯的區(qū)別：

to do sth.：忘記去做某事(未做)①forget

doing sth.：忘記做過(guò)某事(已做)

to do sth.：記著去做某事（未做）②remember

doing sth.：記著做了某事（已做）

to do sth.：對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾 ③regret

doing sth.：對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾 e.g.I regret to tell you that his father died.(很抱歉告訴你他父親過(guò)世了。)

I regret having done such a thing.(很后悔做了這樣的事。)

to do sth.：停下做另一件事（狀語(yǔ)）④stop

doing sth.：停止正在做的事情（賓語(yǔ)）

to do sth.：盡力去做某事

⑤try

doing sth.：試著做某事

to do sth.：打算要做某事

⑥mean

doing sth.：意味著，意思是，就是 e.g.Accepting the job means living abroad.(接受這項(xiàng)工作就意味著在國(guó)外居住。)

I didn?t mean to start an argument.(我不想和你吵。)

to do sth.：做完一件，繼續(xù)另一件事 ⑦go on

doing sth.：繼續(xù)原來(lái)做的那件事

e.g.Go on reading Lesson 3.Go on to read Lesson 3.⑧be used to

doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事

to do sth.被用來(lái)作某事

e.g.He id used to getting up early.Wood is used to make paper.⑨can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事

to do sth.不能幫助做某事

e.g.After hearing the story, we couldn?t help laughing.I?m sorry that I can?t help you to finish the task.3)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

(1)形容詞性的形容詞性的物主代詞 + 動(dòng)名詞

e.g.his coming(2)名詞’s + 動(dòng)名詞

e.g.Tom’s arriving(3)代詞的賓格 + 動(dòng)名詞

e.g.him finishing(4)名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞

e.g.Tom coming 4)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)

在時(shí)態(tài)上，動(dòng)名詞有一般時(shí)(doing)和完成時(shí)(having dong)兩種形式。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生地時(shí)間不明確或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式；當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的完成式。

e.g.I enjoy playing football.(playing 的時(shí)間不明確)

He’s been used to going to bed late.(①和②兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)

①

②

He is looking forward to seeing you soon.(②在①之后)①

②

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.(②在①之前)

①

② 5)動(dòng)名詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，動(dòng)名詞有主動(dòng)式(doing, having done)和被動(dòng)式(being done, having been done).e.g.He insisted on sending her to hospital.He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside.2.現(xiàn)在分詞

由于V-ing形式的用法比較復(fù)雜，故在此只是對(duì)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)做一總結(jié)，(其與動(dòng)名詞的異同見(jiàn)3.)因此在這要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的時(shí)間關(guān)系：

在時(shí)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)兩種形式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式；當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的的動(dòng)作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式；

e.g.Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.(當(dāng)她在公園散步時(shí)，他看到了一個(gè)老朋友。)

Having lived in the city for many years, I know it well.(因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)城市住了多年，所以我對(duì)它非常了解。)

在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)式(doing, having done)和被動(dòng)式(being done, having been done)兩種形式。一般式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行；完成式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作在主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了；

e.g.When being asked why he was late, he made no answer.(當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為什么遲到的時(shí)候，他沒(méi)有回答。)

Having been rebuilt this way, these temples look even more beautiful.(這些寺廟經(jīng)過(guò)這樣重建以后，更加美麗了。)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)，分詞必須和主句的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）可以在句中作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步和伴隨狀況。其句型是：“現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)），主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 其他成分”

e.g.Standing on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city.(站在山頂上，我能看見(jiàn)整個(gè)城市。)1)現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；

Not knowing her telephone, we couldn?t get in touch with her.2)現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when, while所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；

(1)當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨之也發(fā)生時(shí)，可用分詞作狀語(yǔ)，放在主句前面，譯作“當(dāng)?的時(shí)候”，此時(shí)它可以置換成“on + 動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種用法的動(dòng)詞都是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如：look, hear, see, return, open, leave, close等；

e.g.Hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.= On hearing the news, they couldn?t help jumping.(2)當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，此時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，譯作“當(dāng)?的時(shí)候”，但它的前面一般加“when / while”。

e.g.When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.(離開(kāi)車站時(shí)，他向我頻頻揮手。)(3)當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作完成以后，主句的動(dòng)作才發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)作狀語(yǔ)，譯作“在?之后”，此時(shí)可以置換為“after + 動(dòng)名詞”。

3)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生地背景或情況；

當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，它可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句。

e.g.We explored the cave, Black acting as a guide.= We explored the cave, and Black acted as a guide.4)現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，通常放在句末，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，表示一種自然的結(jié)果

e.g.The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.(雪下了一星期，造成整個(gè)城市交通癱瘓。)5)現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)分詞前可帶有連詞although, whether, even if, even though等；

e.g.Admitting what she said, I still think that she hasn?t tried her best.(盡管承認(rèn)她所說(shuō)的話，但我仍然認(rèn)為她沒(méi)有盡最大努力。)6)現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)，分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)表示一種假設(shè)的條件情況，相相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。在這種情況下，有時(shí)在分詞前面加上if, unless使條件更明顯；

e.g.Working hard, you?ll succeed.= If you work hard, you?ll succeed.3.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的異同點(diǎn) 1)V-ing形式作表語(yǔ)

(1)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

①動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)一般表示抽象性的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的位置可以互換；

e.g.Her job is teaching.②現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不能交換位置；

e.g.He is washing the dishes.(2)表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的判斷方法：

①倒置法：即將句子中的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)位置互換，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不動(dòng)，若新組成的句子與原句的意思相符，則句中的V-ing形式就是動(dòng)名詞，否則為現(xiàn)在分詞；

e.g.Her job is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)

Her job is interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)②加入法：在表語(yǔ)前加上副詞very，so, 或more, most等，句子意思通順、明確，則句中的V-ing形式為現(xiàn)在分詞，否則為動(dòng)名詞；

e.g.My job is(very)interesting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is(so)teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)同時(shí)，還可以在表語(yǔ)后加個(gè)能作賓語(yǔ)的名詞，若句子正確則V-ing為動(dòng)名詞，否則為現(xiàn)在分詞； e.g.My job is interesting(you).(×)(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is teaching(you)English.(√)(動(dòng)名詞)③提問(wèn)法：能用how對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的是現(xiàn)在分詞，反之為動(dòng)名詞；能用what對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的是動(dòng)名詞，反之為現(xiàn)在分詞；

e.g.My job is interesting.How is your job?(現(xiàn)在分詞)

My job is teaching English.What is your job?(動(dòng)名詞)2)V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)的V-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞的前面，而V-ing短語(yǔ)(一般為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句； e.g.a waiting room

a dancing girl The man talking in my headmaster is my father.動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。即：將被修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，用be連接V-ing形式，邏輯上行得通，v-ing形式就為現(xiàn)在分詞，否則為動(dòng)名詞。

e.g.a sleeping boy = a boy is sleeping(現(xiàn)在分詞)

a dinning room ≠ a room is dinning(動(dòng)名詞)(2)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途，它們之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。即：我們也可以把be換成for來(lái)判斷。

e.g.a barking dog ≠ a dog for barking(現(xiàn)在分詞)

a sleeping car = a car is sleeping(動(dòng)名詞)3)V-ing形式(一般為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

在感管動(dòng)詞(see, find, notice, watch等)后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這時(shí)V-ing形式和句子的賓語(yǔ)之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，并且V-ing形式表示賓語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

e.g.They saw the boys playing on the playground.

第四篇：后接動(dòng)詞的 ing形式有哪些動(dòng)詞

后接動(dòng)詞的 ing形式有哪些動(dòng)詞？

1.finishenjoylikepractiselook forward tokeepcontinuegive one’s life to

2.所有的介詞后面接動(dòng)詞的ing 形式如：thank you for doing sthbe good at doing sth

3．What about doing sth

4.mindmisssuggestadmitcan’t help

give upconsiderexcuseimagine

put offkeep on

后接動(dòng)詞原形的動(dòng)詞有哪些 ？ 1．

2．3．

4．5．

6．7． let sb do sthwhy not do sth ? make sb do sthget sb do sth had better do sthhad better not do sth help sb do sth see sb do sthwatch sb do sthhear sb do sth have to do sth

第五篇：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)三種變化總結(jié)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)三種變化總結(jié)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: a)直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。如:help→helps, play→plays。

b)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o等結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-es。如:guess→guesses, watch→watches, go→goes。

c)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為 i再加-es。如:carry→carries, fly→flies。

動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

1.一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后加-ing構(gòu)成： work→working 工

作

sleep→sleeping

睡

wait→waiting

等待 study→studying 學(xué)習(xí)read→reading 讀 talk→talking 談話 2.不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e后再加-ing：

smile→smiling 微笑 move→moving write→writing 寫 但是，若是發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，則不能去e： see→seeing 看見(jiàn) agree→agreeing 同意

3.以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞，要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ing：

sit→sitting 坐 plan→planning 計(jì)劃 prefer→preferring 寧愿

4.以字母ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，通常將ie改為y，再加ing： die→dying 死 lie→lying 躺

動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式： 【過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則】

① 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed。如：wanted，played。② 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加d。如：hoped，lived。

③ 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。如：stopped, shipped。④ 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去y加ed。如：studied，worried。2 am,is-was are--were 擊敗;敲打beat--beat 成為/變成become--became 開(kāi)始begin--began 吹;刮blow—blew 折斷;打破break—broke 帶來(lái)bring--brought 建設(shè);建造build--built 買buy—bought 能,能夠can—could 抓/捉住;乘車catch-cought 選擇;選choose--chose 來(lái)come--came 值cost—cost 切;割;砍cut-cut-做do—did 繪畫;畫draw--drew 喝drink--drank 駕駛drive--drove 吃eat--eat 掉下;降落fall--fell 感到;感覺(jué)feel--felt 發(fā)現(xiàn);找到find--found 飛fly--flew 忘記forget-forgot 取;獲得get--got 給give--gave 去;走go--went 種植;成長(zhǎng)grow—grew 有/吃have/has--had 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)

hear--heard 保持

keep—kept 知道;認(rèn)識(shí)know--knew 學(xué)習(xí);學(xué)會(huì)learn-learnt/learned 離開(kāi);落下leave--left 借出/給lend— lent 讓let--let 位于lie--lay 丟失lose--lost 可以may--might 意味;意思mean---meant 遇見(jiàn)/到meet--met 放put--put 讀read--read注意讀法不同/e/ 騎ride--rode 鈴響ring--rang 跑run--ran 說(shuō)say—said 看見(jiàn);看望see--saw 賣 sell--selt 送send--sent 將;應(yīng)該shall--should 照耀shine--shone 唱sing--sang 坐sit--sat 睡覺(jué)sleep--slept 聞;嗅smell--smelt 說(shuō);講speak--spoke 花費(fèi);度過(guò)spend--spent 站stand—stood 掃;拖地sweep--swept 游泳

swim--swam 拿走;帶走

take--took 教teach--taught 告訴;講tell--told 想;認(rèn)為think--thought 扔;擲throw--threw 理解/明白u(yù)nderstand--understood 醒wake--woke 穿;戴wear--wore 將;愿will--would 贏得;戰(zhàn)勝win--won 寫write—wrote

一、下列結(jié)構(gòu)含有ing: 1.keep doing 2.keep /carry on doing 3.keep sb.Doing 4.enjoy doing 5.finish doing 6.be afraid of doing 7.be worth doing 8.be busy doing 9.how about doing//what about doing 10.spend some time(in)doing 11.spend some money(in)buying 12.feel like doing 13.stop/keep/prevent … from doing 14.thank you for doing 15.thanks for doing 16.do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing 17.go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 18.mind/practise doing 19.prefer doing … to doing… 20.can’t help doing 21.there is/are +n.+ doing …

二、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：

1.had better(not)do sth.2.would you please(not)do sth.3.why n ot do sth.4.why don’t you do sth.5.Shall we do sth.? 6.let do sth.7.make sb.do sth.三、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：

1.It’s time to do sth.2.It takes sb.some time to do sth.3.tell/ask/want/encourage sb.to do sth.4.Would you like to do sth.? 5.It’s good/bad to do sth.6.It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth.7.be+adj.+enough to do sth.8.sb.is ready to do sth.9.It’s+adj.+ for sb.to do sth.10.It’s+adj.+ of sb.to do sth.11.would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth.12.would like/love sb.to do sth.13.Prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.14.what/how/ when/where/whether to do sth 15.can’t wait to do 16.too … to do … 17.be afraid /ready/able/sure to do

五、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式和

ing形式含義不同： 1.stop to do/ doing 2.forget to do/ doing 3.remember to do/doing 4.go on to do/doing 5.like to do/doing 6.love to do/doing 7.prefer to do/doing 8.hate to do/doing

六、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式和

ing形式含義相同： 1.begin to do/doing 2.start to do/doing 3.learn to do/doing

七、下列結(jié)構(gòu)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的含義不同： 用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成過(guò)程；用現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行狀 態(tài)。1．hear sb do sth./doing 2.listen sb do sth./doing 3.look at sb do sth./doing 4.see sb do sth./doing 5.watch sb do sth./doing 6.notice sb do sth./doing 三單練習(xí)

I.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式： 1.第三

人

稱

單數(shù)： wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ 2.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式：stop______ see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______ 3.寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

形式： stay_______ begin______ forget_______ forget______ lie________ die _______ run_______ prefer______ give________ ring_______ dance______ hope_______ II.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

1．I ________(write)to you as soon as I _______(get)to London.2.He doean’t feel well and ____________(not eat)any food this morning.3.He ______ not _______(see)me come in, for he ___________(read)something with great interest.4.I _________(l;et)you have the book as soon as I _________(finish)it.5.While we ________(wait)for our teacher, a little boy ________(run)up to us.6.Don’t make a niose.Grandpa __________(sleep).7.It’s seven now, Tom’s family__________(watch)TV.8.It ________(take)me two hours to finish my homework last night.9.What ______ your mother _______(do)at eight yesterday evening? She _______(wash)clothes.10._______ it ______(rain)when school was over yesterday? 11.What _______(do)_______ tomorrow? We ________(play)football.12.There ________(be)a football match on TV this evening.13.They said they ________(visit)the Great Wall the next summer holiday.14.Who _______(dance)the best in your class? 15.Will you come if he _____________(not come)? 16.The teacher told us the earth __________(move)round the sun.17.They _______(have)a party in the garden if it ________(not rain)to morrow.18 She ________(buy)a sweater yesterday.19.I don’t know if Mr.Wang ______(go)to Shanghai tomorrow.If he _____(go), I ______(ask)him _______(take)some books to my daughter, because she _______(study)there.III單項(xiàng)選擇：

1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.A.don’t rain B.doesn’t rain C.won’t rain

2.There _____ an English film next week.A.will have B.is going to have C.is going to be D.was going to be 3.The picture _______ nice.A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4.She ______ down and soon fell asleep.A.live B.lain C.laid D.lay 5.They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.A.reached to B.arrived C.went D.get to 6.We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.A.wil come B.came C.would come D.come 7.Don’t smoke until the plane ______ off.A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8.I saw her ____ the room this morning.A.to enter()B.entered C.enter D.enters 9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time.A.to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10.John is always ______ others.A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help 11.He told us ______ at eight.A.working B.to work C.work D.worked 12.You’d better ______ at home and ______ your homework.A.to stay, do B.stay, do C.to stay, to do D.stay, to do 13.He sat down ______ a rest.A.having B.have C.to have D.had 14.Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine.A.how to make B.to make C.how making D.what to make 15.Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England.A.to leave B.left C.leaving D.leave